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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 201, September 3, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 13, 2007 [EBook #23023] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 213 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page213"></a>{213}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 201.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, September 3. 1853.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"That Swinney"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page213">213</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Monumental Inscription in Peterborough Cathedral, by Thos. + Wake</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page215">215</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:—Superstition of the + Cornish Miners—Northamptonshire Folk Lore</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page215">215</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page216">216</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Lemon-juice + administered in Gout and Rheumatism—Weather Proverbs—Dog + Latin—Thomas Wright of Durham—A Funeral Custom</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page217">217</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Littlecott—Sir John Popham, by Edward Foss</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page218">218</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Early Edition of the New Testament, by A. Boardman</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page219">219</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor + Queries</span>:—Ravilliac—Emblem on a + Chimney-piece—"To know ourselves diseased," + &c.—"Pætus and Arria"—Heraldic Query—Lord + Chancellor Steele—"A Tub to the Whale"—Legitimation + (Scotland)—"Vaut mieux," &c.—Shakspeare First + Folio—The Staffordshire Knot—Sir Thomas + Elyot—"Celsior exsurgens pluviis," &c.—The Bargain + Cup—School-Libraries.—Queen Elizabeth and her "true" + Looking-glass—Bishop Thomas Wilson—Bishop Wilson's + Works—Hobbes, Portrait of</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page219">219</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with + Answers</span>:—Brasenose, Oxford—G. + Downing—Unkid—Pilgrim's Progress—John + Frewen—Histories of Literature—"Mrs. Shaw's + Tombstone"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page221">221</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Cranmer and Calvin, by the Rev. H. Walter</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page222">222</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Barnacles, by Sir J. E. Tennent and T. J. Buckton</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page223">223</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dial Inscriptions, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page224">224</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The "Saltpeter Maker"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page225">225</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Tsar, by T. J. Buckton, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page226">226</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Land of Green Ginger," by John Richardson and T. J. Buckton</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page227">227</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic + Correspondence</span>:—Stereoscopic Angles—Protonitrate + of Iron—Photographs in natural Colours—Photographs by + artificial Lights</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page227">227</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—Vandyke in + America—Title wanted: Choirochorographia—Second Growth of + Grass—Snail-eating—Sotades—The Letter "h" in + "humble"—Lord North—Singing Psalms and + Politics—Dimidiation by Impalement—"Inter cuncta micans," + &c.—Marriage Service—Widowed + Wife—Pure—Mrs. Tighe—Satirical Medal—"They + shot him dead at the Nine-Stone Rig"—Hendericus du Booys: + Helena Leonore de Sievéri—House-marks, &c.—"Qui facit + per alium, facit per se"—Engin-à-verge—Campvere, + Privileges of—Humbug: Ambages—"Going to Old + Weston"—Reynolds's Nephew—The Laird of + Brodie—Mulciber—Voiding Knife—Sir John + Vanbrugh—Portrait of Charles I.—Burial in an erect + Posture—Strut-Stowers and Yeathers or Yadders—Arms of the + See of York—Leman Family—Position of Font</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page228">228</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page234">234</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page234">234</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page234">234</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page235">235</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>"THAT SWINNEY."</h3> + + <p>Junius thus wrote to H. S. Woodfall in a private note, to which Dr. + Good has affixed the date July 21st, 1769 (vol. i. p. 174.*)</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"That Swinney is a wretched but dangerous fool. He had the impudence + to go to Lord G. Sackville, whom he had never spoken to, and to ask him + whether or no he was the author of Junius: take care of him."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This paragraph has given rise to a great deal of speculation, large + inferences have been drawn from it, yet no one has satisfactorily + answered the question, who was "that Swinney?"</p> + + <p>That neither Dr. Good nor Mr. George Woodfall, the editors of the + edit. of 1812, knew anything about him, is manifest from their own bald + note of explanation, "A correspondent of the printers." Some reports say + that he was a collector of news for the <i>Public Advertiser</i>, and + subsequently a bookseller at Birmingham, but I never saw any one fact + adduced tending to show that there was any person of that name so + employed. Others that the Rev. Dr. Sidney Swinney was the party referred + to: and Mr. Smith, in his excellent notes to the <i>Grenville Papers</i>, + vol. iii. p. lxviii., <i>assumes</i> this to be the fact. I incline to + agree with him, but have only inference to strengthen conjecture. What + may be the value of that inference will appear in the progress of this + inquiry, Who was Dr. Sidney Swinney?</p> + + <p>Reports collected by Mr. Butler, Mr. Barker, Mr. Coventry, and others, + say that the Doctor had been chaplain to the Russian Embassy, chaplain to + the Embassy at Constantinople, and chaplain to one of the British + regiments serving in Germany. Mr. Falconer, in his <i>Secret + Revealed</i>, p. 22., quotes a paragraph from one of Wray's letters to + Lord Hardwick with reference to the proceedings at the Royal Society:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Dr. Swinney, your Lordship's friend, presented his father-in-law + Howell's book."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Swinney's father-in-law, here called Howell, was John Zephaniah + Holwell, a remarkable man, whose name is intimately associated with the + early history of British India, one of the few survivors of the Black + Hole imprisonment, the successor of <!-- Page 214 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page214"></a>{214}</span>Clive as governor, and + a writer on many subjects connected with Hindoo antiquities. Swinney + enrols him amongst his heroes,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Holwell, Clive, York, Lawrence, Adams, Coote,</p> + <p>Of Draper, Bath-strung for his baffled suit."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And he refers, in a note, to those</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ungrateful monsters (heretofore in a certain trading company), who + have endeavoured to vilify and sully one of the brightest characters that + ever existed."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I learn farther, from a volume of <i>Fugitive Pieces</i>, published by + Dr. Swinney, that he was the son of Major Mathew Swinney, whom after his + flourishing fashion he calls on another occasion "Mathew Swinney of + immortal memory;" from one of his dedications that the Doctor himself was + educated at Eton; from the books of the Royal Society that he was of + Clare Hall, Cambridge; from dates and dedications, that from 1764 to + 1768, he was generally resident at Scarborough; and from the + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, that he died there 12th November, 1783.</p> + + <p>That Swinney had been chaplain to the Russian Embassy I have no reason + to believe; but that he had been in the East for a time, possibly as + chaplain to the Embassy at Constantinople, is asserted in the brief + biographical notice in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, and would <i>seem + to be proved</i> by a work which he published in 1769, called—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A Tour through some parts of the Levant: in which is included An + Account of the Present State of the Seven Churches in Asia. Also a brief + Explanation of the Apocalypse. By Sidney Swinney, D.D."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Nothing, however, can be inferred from a title-page of Swinney's. Here + we have two or three distinct works referred to:—<i>A Tour</i>, + including "An Account of the Seven Churches," and the "Explanation of the + Apocalypse." Now I must direct attention to the fact, that from the + peculiar punctuation and phraseology—the full-stop after Asia in + this title-page—it may have been Swinney's intention to indicate, + without asserting, that the Account of the Apocalypse <i>only</i> was by + Sidney Swinney. If so, though Swinney's name alone figures in the + title-page of the work, he is responsible only for one or two notes!</p> + + <p>I would not have written conjecturally on this subject if I could have + avoided it; but though Swinney was a F.A.S. F.R.S., and though the work + is dedicated to the Fellows of those Societies, no copy of it is to be + found in the libraries of either, or in the British Museum. I cannot, + therefore, be sure that my own copy is perfect. What that copy contains + is thus set forth in half a dozen lines of introduction:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Before I [S. S.] enter upon the more important part of my + dissertation [The Explanation of the Apocalypse], it may not be improper + to give you some account of the present state of the Seven Churches in + Asia, as they are, <i>which was communicated to me</i> by a certain + <i>friend of mine</i>, in the description of a short tour which <i>he</i> + made through the principal parts of the Levant: should they be + accompanied with a few casual notes <i>of my own</i>, I trust the work + will not be less acceptable to you on that account."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It must be obvious, after this declaration, that the <i>Tour</i> set + forth so conspicuously in the title-page, was not written by Swinney. Now + the "Itinerary" which follows is advowedly "wrote by <i>the author of the + preceding account</i>," and this brings the reader and the work itself to + "The End!"</p> + + <p>The truth I suspect to have been this:—Swinney was not prudent + and was poor, and raised money occasionally, after the miserable fashion + of the time, by publishing books on subscription, and receiving + subscriptions in anticipation of publication.</p> + + <p>About this time, from 1767 to 1769, he published a <i>Sermon</i>; + <i>The Ninth Satire of Horace</i>, a meaningless trifle of a hundred + lines, swollen, by printing the original and notes, into a quarto; a + volume of <i>Fugitive Pieces</i>; and the first canto of <i>The Battle of + Minden, a Poem in three Books, enriched with critical Notes by Two + Friends, and with explanatory Notes by the Author</i>. Of the latter + work, as of the <i>Tour</i>, I have never seen but one copy, a splendid + specimen of typography, splendidly bound, containing the first and second + canto. Whether the third canto was ever published is to me doubtful; some + of your correspondents may be able to give you information. My own + impression is that it was not, and for the following reasons.</p> + + <p>Swinney, it appears, had received subscriptions for the work, and + promised in his prospectus <i>a plan of the battle</i>, and + <i>portraits</i> of the heroes, which the work does not contain. + "However, to make some little amends" to his "generous subscribers," + Swinney announces his intention to present them with "<i>three</i> books + instead of <i>one</i>."</p> + + <p>The first book is dedicated to Earl Waldegrave, who commanded "the six + British regiments of infantry" on the "ever memorable 1st August, 1759," + and a note affixed states that "Book the Second" will be published on 1st + January, and "Book the Third" on 1st of August.</p> + + <p>But the public, as Swinney says, were kept "in suspense" almost three + years for the second book, which was not published until 1772; and in the + dedication of this second book, also to Earl Waldegrave, Swinney + says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Doubtless many of my subscribers have thought me very unmindful of + the promise I made them in my printed proposal, in which I undertook to + publish my poem out of hand. Ill health has been the sole cause of my + disappointing their expectations. A fever of the nerves ... for these + four years, has rendered me incapable.... In my original proposals I + undertook to publish this work in two books. [In the introduction he + says, as I have just quoted, <i>one</i> book.] Poetical <!-- Page 215 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page215"></a>{215}</span>matter hath + increased upon me to such a degree, in the genial climate of Languedoc, + as to have enabled me to compose several more books on this interesting + subject, all which I purpose presenting my subscribers with at the + original price of half a guinea.... Many months ago this Second Book was + printed off; but on my arrival in town from Montauban (whither I purpose + to return), I found there were so many faults and blunders in it + throughout, that I was under the necessity of condemning five hundred + copies to the inglorious purpose of defending pye bottoms from the dust + of an oven.... Profit, my Lord, has not been my motive for publishing: if + it had, I should be egregiously disappointed, for instead of gaining I + shall be a considerable loser by the publication; and yet many of my + subscribers have <i>given me four, five, and six times over and above the + subscription-price for my Poem. How even the remaining books will see the + light must depend entirely upon my pecuniary, not my poetical + abilities</i>. The work is well nigh completed; but not one solitary + brother have I throughout the airy regions of Grub Street who is poorer + than I. It is not impossible, however, but when <i>some of my partial + friends shall know this</i>, they may <i>enable me by their bounty</i> to + publish out of hand."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This leads me to doubt whether the third book was ever published, for + I think the most "partial" of his friends—those who had given + "four, five, and six times over and above the subscription + price"—must have had enough in two books. If it were not published, + it is a curious fact that, in a poem called <i>The Battle of Minden</i>, + the battle of Minden is not mentioned; though not more extraordinary + perhaps than the omissions of the "Explanation of the Apocalypse" in his + previous work.</p> + + <p>I come now to the question, Why did Junius speak so passionately and + disrespectfully of Swinney, and what are the probabilities that Swinney + had never before (July) 1769 spoken to Lord G. Sackville? These I must + defer till next week.</p> + + <p class="author">T. S. J. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTION IN <span class="correction" title="text reads `PETERBOROUH'">PETERBOROUGH</span> CATHEDRAL.</h3> + + <p>The following Notes occur on a fly-leaf at the end of a copy of + Gunton's <i>History of Peterborough Cathedral</i>, and appear to have + been written soon after that book was printed:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Among other things omitted in this history, I cannot but take notice + of one ancient inscription upon a tomb in y<sup>e</sup> body of the + church, written in old Saxon letters, as followeth:</p> + + <p><a href="images/201_003.png"><img src="images/201_003.png" + class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Cross" /></a> 'WS : KI : PAR : CI + : PASSEZ : PVR : LE : ALME : ESTRAVNGE : DE : WATERVILLE : PRIEZ.'</p> + + <p>"This inscription may seem to challenge some relation to William de + Waterville, one of the abbots of this church. (See p. 23.)"</p> + + <p>"On Sennour Gascelin de Marrham's tomb, mentioned p. 94., these + letters seem to be still legible:</p> + + <p>'CI : GIST : EDOVN : GASCELIN : SENNOVR : DE MARRHAM : IADIS : DE : RI + : ALM.. <sup>DI</sup> EV EST MERCIS : PATER : NOSTER.'"</p> + + <p>"In St. Oswald's Chapel, on y<sup>e</sup> ground round the verge of a + stone:</p> + + <p>'HIC IACET COR.... ROBERTI DE SVTTON ABBATIS ISTIVS MONASTERII CVIVS + ANIMA REQVIESCAT IN PACE. AMEN.'"</p> + + <p>"In y<sup>e</sup> churchyard is this inscription:</p> + + <p><a href="images/201_003.png"><img src="images/201_003.png" + class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Cross" /></a> 'AÑA IOANNIS DE + S<span class="over">C</span>O IVONE QVOĀ P[IO]RIS PMA Ā M + <span class="over">D</span>IIII PACE REQVIESCAT. AMEN.'</p> + + <p>"This may probably relate to Ivo, sub-prior of this monastery, whose + anniversary was observed in y<sup>e</sup> Kalends of March. (See page + 324. of this book.)"</p> + + <p>"In y<sup>e</sup> churchyard:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Joannes Pocklington, S. S. Theologiæ doctor, obiit</p> + <p>Nov. 14, A. D<sup>i</sup>. 1642.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Anne Pocklington, 1655.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Mary, y<sup>e</sup> wife of John Towers, late Lord Bp. of</p> + <p>Peterborough, dyed Nov. 14, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1672.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Quod mori potuit præstantissimæ fœminæ</p> + <p>Compton Emery</p> + <p>Filiæ Joannis Towers S. T. P.</p> + <p>Hujus Ecclesiæ quondam Episcopi</p> + <p>Viduæ Roberti Rowell LL. D.</p> + <p>Nec non charissimæ conjugis</p> + <p>Richardi Emery Gen:</p> + <p>In hoc tumulo depositum: Feb. 4.</p> + <p>A<sup>o</sup> Ætatis 54,</p> + <p>A<sup>o</sup> Domini 1683.'"</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>A marginal note states that "The Chapter-house and Cloyster sold in + 1650 for 800<i>l.</i>, to John Baker, Gent., of London."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Thos. Wake</span>. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Superstition of the Cornish Miners</i> (Vol. viii., p. 7.).—I + cannot find the information desired by your correspondent in the Cornish + antiquaries, and have in vain consulted other works likely to explain + this tradition; but the remarks now offered will perhaps be interesting + in reference to the <i>nation</i> alluded to. The Carthaginians being of + the same race, manners, and religion as the Phœnicians, there are + no particular data by which we can ascertain the time of their first + trading to the British coast for the commodity in such request among the + traders of the East. The genius of Carthage being more martial than that + of Tyre, whose object was more commerce than conquest, it is not + improbable that the former might by force of arms have established a + settlement in the Cassiterides, and by this means have secured that + monopoly of tin which the Phœnicians and their colonies indubitably + enjoyed for several centuries. Norden, in his <i>Antiquities of + Cornwall</i>, mentions it as a tradition universally received by the + inhabitants, that their tin mines were formerly wrought by the Jews. He + adds that these old works are there at this day called Attal Sarasin, the + ancient <!-- Page 216 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page216"></a>{216}</span>cast-off works of the Saracens, in which + their tools are frequently found. Miners are not accustomed to be very + accurate in distinguishing traders of foreign nations, and these Jews and + Saracens have probably a reference to the old merchants from Spain and + Africa; and those employed by them might possibly have been Jews escaped + the horrors of captivity and the desolation which about that period befel + their country.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Jews," says Whitaker (<i>Origin of Arianism</i>, p. 334.), + "denominated themselves, and were denominated by the Britons of Cornwall, + <i>Saracens</i>, as the genuine progeny of Sarah. The same name, no + doubt, carried the same reference with it as borne by the genuine, and as + usurped by the spurious, offspring of Abraham."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bibliothecar. Chetham.</span> + + <p><i>Northamptonshire Folk Lore</i> (Vol. vii., p. 146.).—In + Norfolk, a ring made from nine sixpences freely given by persons of the + opposite sex is considered a charm against epilepsy. I have seen nine + sixpences brought to a silversmith, with a request that he would make + them into a ring; but 13½<i>d.</i> was not tendered to him for making, + nor do I think that any threehalfpences are collected for payment. After + the patient had left the shop, the silversmith informed me that such + requests were of frequent occurrence, and that he supplied the patients + with thick silver rings, but never took the trouble to manufacture them + from the sixpences.</p> + + <p>A similar superstition supposes that the sole of the left shoe of a + person of the same age, but opposite sex, to the patient, reduced to + ashes is a cure for St. Anthony's fire. I have seen it applied with + success, but suppose its efficacy is due to some astringent principle in + the ashes.</p> + + <p class="author">E. G. R. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>On Two Passages in Shakspeare.</i>—Taking up a day or two + since a Number of "N. & Q.," my attention was drawn to a new attempt + to give a solution of the difficulty which has been the torment of + commentators in the following passage from the Third Act of <i>Romeo and + Juliet</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds,</p> + <p>Towards Phœbus' mansion; such a waggoner</p> + <p>As Phaeton would whip you to the West,</p> + <p>And bring in cloudy night immediately.—</p> + <p>Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night,</p> + <p>That <i>runaways'</i> eyes may wink, and Romeo</p> + <p>Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"Runaways'" being a manifest absurdity, the recent editors have + substituted "unawares," an uncouth alteration, which, though it has a + glimmering of sense, appears to me almost as absurd as the word it + supplies. In this <span class="correction" title="text reads `dilemna'" + >dilemma</span> your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span> + ingeniously suggests the true reading to be,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"That <i>rumourers'</i> eyes may wink, and Romeo</p> + <p>Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>No doubt this is a felicitous emendation, though I think it may be + fairly objected that a rumourer, being one who deals in what he hears, as + opposed to an observer, who reports what he sees, there is a certain + inappropriateness in speaking of a rumourer's eyes. Be this as it may, I + beg to suggest another reading, which has the merit of having + spontaneously occurred to me on seeing the word "runaways'" in your + correspondent's paper, as if obviously suggested by the combination of + letters in that word. I propose that the passage should be read thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night,</p> + <p>That <i>rude day's</i> eyes may wink, and Romeo</p> + <p>Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>A subsequent reference to Juliet's speech has left no doubt in my mind + that this is the true reading, and so obviously so, as to make it a + wonder that it should have been overlooked. She first asks the + "fiery-footed steeds" to bring in "cloudy night," then night to close her + curtain (that day's eyes may wink), that darkness may come, under cover + of which Romeo may hasten to her. In the next two lines she shows why + this darkness is propitious, and then, using an unwonted epithet, invokes + night to give her the opportunity of darkness:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"Come, <i>civil</i> night,</p> + <p>Thou sober suited matron all in black,</p> + <p>And learn me how to lose a winning game," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The peculiar and unusual epithet "civil," here applied to night, at + once assured me of the accuracy of the proposed reading, it having + evidently suggested itself as the antithesis of "rude" just before + applied to day; the civil, accommodating, concealing night being thus + contrasted with the unaccommodating, revealing day. It is to be remarked, + moreover, that as this epithet <i>civil</i> is, through its ordinary + signification, brought into connexion with what precedes it, so is it, + through its unusual meaning of <i>grave</i>, brought into connexion with + what follows, it thus furnishing that equivocation of sense of which our + great dramatist is so fond, rarely missing an opportunity of "paltering + with us in a double sense."</p> + + <p>I think, therefore, I may venture to offer you the proposed emendation + as rigorously fulfilling all the requirements of the text, while at the + same time it necessitates a very trifling literal disturbance of the old + reading, since by the simple change of the letters <i>naw</i> into + <i>ded</i>, we convert "runaways'" into "rude day's," of which it was a + very easy misprint.</p> + + <p>Having offered you an emendation of my own, I cannot miss the + opportunity of sending you <!-- Page 217 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page217"></a>{217}</span>another, for which I am indebted to a + critical student of Shakspeare, my friend Mr. W. R. Grove, the Queen's + Counsel. In <i>All's Well that ends Well</i>, the third scene of the + Second Act opens with the following speech from Lafeu:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to + make modern and familiar things, supernatural and causeless. Hence is it + that we make trifles of terrors; ensconcing ourselves in a seeming + knowledge when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>On reading this passage as thus printed, it will be seen that the two + sentences of which it is composed are in direct contradiction to each + other; the first asserting that we have philosophers who give a causeless + and supernatural character to things ordinary and familiar: the second + stating as the result of this, "that we make trifles of terrors," whereas + the tendency would necessarily be to make "terrors of trifles." The + confusion arises from the careless pointing of the first sentence. By + simply shifting the comma at present after "things," and placing it after + "familiar," the discrepancy between the two sentences disappears, as also + between the two members of the first sentence, which are now at variance. + It should be pointed thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to + make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is singular that none of the editors should have noticed this + defect, which I have no doubt will hereafter be removed by the adoption + of a simple change, that very happily illustrates the importance of + correct punctuation.</p> + + <p class="author">R. H. C. + + <p><i>Shakspeare's Skull</i>.—As your publication has been the + medium of many valuable comments upon Shakspeare, and interesting matter + connected with him, I am induced to solicit information, if you will + allow me, on the following subject. I have the <i>Works of + Shakspeare</i>, which being in one volume 8vo., I value as being more + portable than any other edition. It was published by Sherwood without any + date affixed, but probably about 1825. There is a memoir prefixed by Wm. + Harvey, Esq., in which, p. xiii., it is stated that while a vault was + being made close to Shakspeare's, when Dr. Davenport was rector, a young + man perceiving the tomb of Shakspeare open, introduced himself so far + within the vault that he could have brought away the skull, but he was + deterred from doing so by the anathema inscribed on the monument, + of—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Curs'd be he that moves my bones."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This is given upon the authority of Dr. Nathan Drake's work on + Shakspeare, in two vols. 4to. Now in this work much is given which is + copied into the memoir, but I do not there find this anecdote, and + perhaps some reader of "N. & Q." may supply this deficiency, and + state where I may find it. I may be allowed to state, that Pope's skull + was similarly stolen and another substituted.</p> + + <p>I annex Wheler's remark that no violation of the grave had, up to the + time of his work, taken place.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Through a lapse of nearly two hundred years have his ashes remained + undisturbed, and it is to be hoped no sacrilegious hand will ever be + found to violate the sacred repository."—<i>History of + Stratford-upon-Avon</i>, by R. B. Wheler (circa 1805?), 8vo.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Subscriber</span>. + + <p><i>On a Passage in "Macbeth."</i>—<span class="sc">Mr. + Singleton</span> (Vol. vii., p. 404.) says, "Vaulting ambition, that + <i>o'erleaps</i> itself," is nonsense—the thing is impossible; and + proposes that "vaulting ambition" should "rest his hand upon the pommel, + and <i>o'erleap</i> the saddle (sell)," a thing not uncommon in the feats + of horsemanship.</p> + + <p>Did <span class="sc">Mr. Singleton</span> never <i>o'erleap</i> + himself, and be too late—later than <i>himself</i> intended? Did he + never, in his younger days, amuse himself with a <i>soprasalto</i>; or + with what Donne calls a "vaulter's sombersault?" Did he never hear of any + little plunderer, climbing a wall, <i>o'erreaching</i> himself to pluck + an apple, and falling on the other side, into the hands of the gardener? + "By like," says Sir Thomas More, "the manne there <i>overshotte</i> + himself."</p> + + <p>What was the <i>manne</i> about? Attempting such a perilous gambol, + perhaps, as correcting Shakspeare.</p> + + <p>To {overleap, overreach, overshoot} himself are merely, to {leap, + reach, shoot}, over or beyond the mark himself intended.</p> + + <p class="author">Q. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Bloomsbury.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>P.S.—<span class="sc">Mr. Arrowsmith</span> reminds us of the + old saw, that "great wits jump." He should recollect also that they + sometimes <i>nod</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Lemon-juice administered in Gout and Rheumatism.</i>—At a + time when lemon-juice seems to be frequently administered in gout and + rheumatism, as though it were an entirely new remedy, I have been + somewhat amused at the following passage, which may also interest some of + your readers; it occurs in <i>Scelta di Lettere Familiari degli Autori + più celebri ad uso degli studiosi della lingua Italiana</i>, p. 36., in a + letter "Di Don Francesco a Teodoro Villa":</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Io non posso star meglio di quel che sto, e forse perchè uso di + spesso il bagno freddo, e beo limonata a pranzo e a cena da molti mesi. + Questa è la mia quotidiana bevanda, e dacche mi ci sono messo, m' ha + fatto un bene che non si puo dire. Di quelle doglie di capo, <!-- Page + 218 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page218"></a>{218}</span>che un + tempo mi sconquassavano le tempie, non ne sento più una. Le vertigini, + che un tratto mi favorivano sì di spesso, se ne sono ite. Sino un + reumatismo, che m' aveva afferrato per un braccio, s' e dileguato, così + ch'io farei ora alla lotta col più valente marinaro calabrese che sia. L' + appetito mio pizzica del vorace. Che buona cosa il sugo d' un limone + spremato nell' acqua, e indolciato con un po' di zucchero! Fa di + provarlo, Teodoro. Chi sa che non assesti il capo e lo stomaco auche a + te."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">S. G. C. + + <p><i>Weather Proverbs</i>.—Are these proverbs worth recording?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Rain before seven, fine before eleven."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"A mackerel sky and mare's tails,</p> + <p>Make lofty ships carry low sails."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"If the rain comes before the wind,</p> + <p>Lower your topsails and take them in:</p> + <p>If the wind comes before the rain,</p> + <p>Lower your topsails and hoist them again."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The expressions in the latter two are maritime, and the rhymes not + very choice; but they hold equally in terrestrial matters, and I have + seldom found them wrong.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rubi</span>. + + <p><i>Dog Latin</i>.—The answer of one of your late correspondents + (E. M. B., Vol. vii., p. 622.) on the subject of "Latin—Latiner," + has revived a Query in your First Volume (p. 230.) as to the origin of + this expression which does not appear to have been answered. I do not + remember having seen any explanation of the term, but I have arrived at + one for myself, and present it to your readers for what it is worth. + Nothing, it must be admitted, can be more inconsistent with the usual + forms of language than the Latin of mediæval periods; it is often, in + fact, not Latin at all, but merely a Latin form given to simple English + or other words, and admitting of the greatest variety. Now of all animals + the distinctions of breed are perhaps more numerous in the canine race + than any other. The word "mongrel," originally applied to one of these + quadruped combinations of variety, has long been used to signify anything + in which mixture of class existed, especially of a debasing kind, to + which such mixture generally tends. Nothing could be more appropriate + than the application of the term to the "infima latinitas" of the Middle + Ages; and from "mongrel" the transition to the name of the genus from + that of the degenerate species appears to me to be very easy, though + fanciful.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B—t</span>. + + <p><i>Thomas Wright of Durham</i>.—In the <i>Philosophical + Magazine</i> for April, 1848, I gave an account of the "Original Theory + or new Hypothesis of the Universe" of Thomas Wright, whose anticipations + of modern speculation on the milky way, the central sun, and some other + points, make him one of the most remarkable astronomical thinkers of his + day. In the biography in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for 1793, he is + described as struggling for a livelihood when a young man, and no account + is given of the manner in which he obtained the handsome competence with + which he emerges in 1756, or thereabouts. A few days after my account was + published, I was informed (by Captain James, R.E.) that a large four-foot + orrery, constructed by Wright for the Royal Academy at Portsmouth, was + still in that town; and that by the title of "J. Harrises Use of the + Globes" it appears that he (Wright) kept his shop at the <i>Orrery</i>, + near Water Lane, Fleet Street (No. 136), under the title of + instrument-maker to his Majesty. In an edition of Harris (the 8th, 1767), + which I lately met with, the above is described as "late the shop of + Thomas Wright," &c. By the advertisements which this work contains, + Wright must have had an extensive business as a philosophical + instrument-maker. The omission in the biography is a strange one. + Possibly some farther information may fall in the way of some of your + readers.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. De Morgan.</span> + + <p><i>A Funeral Custom</i>.—At Broadwas, Worcestershire, in the + valley of the Teame, it is the custom at funerals, on reaching "the + Church Walk," for the bearers to set down the coffin, and, as they stand + around, to bow to it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B. A. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>LITTLECOTT—SIR JOHN POPHAM.</h3> + + <p>Every one knows the tradition attached to the manor of Littlecott in + Wiltshire, and the alleged means by which Chief Justice Sir John Popham + acquired its possession. It is told by Aubrey, Sir Walter Scott, and many + others, and is too notorious to be here repeated. Let me ask you or your + learned correspondents whether there exists any refutation of a charge so + seriously detrimental to the character of any judge, and so inconsistent + with the reputation which Chief Justice Popham enjoyed among his + cotemporaries? See Lord Ellesmere's notice of him in the case of the + Postnati (<i>State Trials</i>, ii. 669.), and Sir Edward Coke's + flattering picture of him at the end of Sir Drew Drury's case + (<i>Reports</i>, vi. 75.). Are there any records showing that a Darell + was ever in fact arraigned on a charge of murder, and the name of the + judge who presided at the trial? Is the date known of the death of the + last Darell who possessed the estate, or that of Sir John Popham's + acquisition of it? The discovery of these might throw great light on the + subject, and possibly afford a complete contradiction.</p> + + <p>Sir Francis Bacon, in his argument against Sir John Hollis and others + for traducing public justice, states that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Popham, a great judge in his time, was complained of by petition to + Queen Elizabeth; it was committed <!-- Page 219 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page219"></a>{219}</span>to four privy + councillors, but the same was found to be slanderous, and the parties + punished in the court."—<i>State Trials</i>, vol. ii. p. 1029.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If this petition could be discovered, and it should turn out that the + slander complained of in it had reference to this story, the + investigation which it then underwent by the four privy councillors, and + the chief justice's enjoyment of his high office for so many subsequent + years, would go far to prove the utter falsehood of the charge. This is a + "consummation devoutly to be wished" by every one who feels an interest + in the purity of the bench, and particularly by the present possessors of + the estate, who must be anxious for their ancestor's fame.</p> + + <p>Your useful publication has acted the part of the "detective police" + in the elucidation of many points of history less interesting than this, + and I trust you will consider the case curious enough to justify a close + examination.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss</span>. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>EARLY EDITION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT.</h3> + + <p>I should be greatly obliged if I could obtain through "N. & Q." + when, where, and by whom an imperfect black-letter copy of the New + Testament, lately come into my possession, was printed, and also who was + the translator of it.</p> + + <p>It is bound in boards, has three thongs round which the sheets are + stitched, seems never to have been covered with cloth, leather, or other + material like our modern books, has had clasps, and is four inches long + and two inches thick.</p> + + <p>The chapters are divided generally into four or five parts by means of + the first letters of the alphabet. The letters are neither placed + equidistant, nor do they always mark a fresh paragraph.</p> + + <p>It is not divided into verses. There are a few marginal references, + and the chapter and letter of the parallel passages are given.</p> + + <p>Crosses are placed at the heads of most chapters, and also throughout + the text, without much apparent regularity. It contains a few rude cuts + of the Apostles, &c. The Epistles of St. Peter and St. John are + placed before that to the Hebrews.</p> + + <p>Letters are frequently omitted in the spelling, and this is indicated + by a dash placed over the one preceding the omitted letter. A slanting + mark (/) is the most frequent stop used. I will transcribe a few lines + exactly as they occur, only not using the black-letter.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"B. As some spake of the temple/ howe yt was garnesshed with goodly + stones and iewels he sayde. The dayes will come/ when of these thyngis + which ye se shall not be lefte stone upon stone/ that shall not be + throwen doune. And they asked hym sayinge/ Master whē shall these + thynges be? And what sygnes wil there be/ when suche thynges shal come to + passe."—St. Luke, ch. xxi.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Land is spelt <i>londe</i>; saints, <i>sainctis</i>; authority, + <i>auctorite</i>, &c.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Boardman</span>. + + <p>P.S. It commences at the 19th chapter of St. Matthew, and seems + perfect to the 21st chapter of Revelation.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Ravilliac</i>.—I have read that a pyramid was erected at + Paris upon the murder of Henry IV. by Ravilliac, and that the inscription + represented the Jesuits as men—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Maleficæ superstitonis, quorum instinctu peculiaris adolescens + (Ravilliac) dirum facinus instituerat."—<i>Thesaur. Hist.</i>, tom. + iv. lib. 95, ad ann. 1598.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>We are also informed that he confessed that it was the book of Mariana + the Jesuit, and the traitorous positions maintained in it, which induced + him to murder the king, for which cause the book (condemned by the + parliament and the Sorbonne) was publicly burnt in Paris. Is the pyramid + still remaining? If not, when was it taken down or destroyed, and by whom + or by whose authority?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus</span> (D). + + <p><i>Emblem on a Chimney-piece</i>.—In the committee room of the + Church Missionary Society, Nos. 16. and 17. Upper Sackville Street, + Dublin, a curious emblem-picture is carved on the centre of the white + marble chimney-piece. An angel or winged youth is sleeping in a recumbent + posture; one arm embraces a sleeping lion, in the other hand he holds a + number of bell flowers. In the opposite angle the sun shines brightly; a + lizard is biting the heel of the sleeping youth. I shall not offer my own + conjectures in explanation of this allegorical sculpture, unless your + correspondents fail to give a more satisfactory solution.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ath Celiath</span>. + + <p><i>"To know ourselves diseased," &c</i>.—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"To know ourselves diseased, is half the cure."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Whence?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Birmingham.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"<i>Pætus and Arria</i>."—Can you inform me who is the author of + <i>Pætus and Arria, a Tragedy</i>, 8vo., 1809?</p> + + <p>In Genest's <i>Account of the English Stage</i>, this play is said to + be written by a gentleman of the University of Cambridge. Can you tell me + whether this is likely to be W. Smyth, the late Professor of Modern + History in that university, who died in June, 1849?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Gw</span>. + + <p><i>Heraldic Query</i>.—A. was killed in open rebellion. His son + B. lived in retirement under a fictitious name. The grandson C. retained + the assumed name, and obtained new arms. Query, <!-- Page 220 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page220"></a>{220}</span>Can the descendants of + C. resume the arms of A.? If so, must they substitute them for the arms + of C., or bear them quarterly, and in which quarters?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis P</span>. + + <p><i>Lord Chancellor Steele.</i>—Is any pedigree of William + Steele, Esq., Lord Chancellor of Ireland temp. Commonwealth, extant; and + do any of his descendants exist?</p> + + <p>It is believed he was nearly related to Captain Steel, governor of + Beeston Castle, who suffered death by military execution in 1643 on a + charge of cowardice.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Statfold</span>. + + <p><i>"A Tub to the Whale."</i>—What is the origin of this + phrase?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Pimlico</span>. + + <p><i>Legitimation</i> (<i>Scotland</i>).—Perhaps some of your + Scotch readers "learned in the law" would obligingly answer the subjoined + Queries, referring to some decisions.</p> + + <p>1. Will entail property go to a <i>bastard</i>, <i>legitimated before + the Union</i> under the great seal (by the law of Scotland)?</p> + + <p>2. Will titles and dignities descend?</p> + + <p>3. Will armorial bearings?</p> + + <p class="author">M. M. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Inner Temple.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>"Vaut mieux," &c.</i>—The proverb "Vaut mieux avoir + affaire à Dieu qu'à ses saints" has a Latin origin. What is it?</p> + + <p class="author">M. + + <p><i>Shakspeare First Folio.</i>—Is there any <i>obtainable</i> + edition of Shakspeare which follows, or fully contains, the first + folio?</p> + + <p class="author">M. + + <p><i>The Staffordshire Knot.</i>—Can any of your readers give the + history of the Staffordshire knot, traced on the carriages and trucks of + the North Staffordshire Railway Company?</p> + + <p class="author">T. P. + + <p><i>Sir Thomas Elyot.</i>—I shall be extremely obliged by a + reference to any sources of information respecting Sir Thomas Elyot, + Knight, living in the time of Henry VIII., son of Sir Richard Elyot, + Knight, of Suffolk.</p> + + <p>I shall be glad also to know whether a short work (among others of his + in my possession) entitled <i>The Defence of good Women</i>, printed in + London by Thomas Berthelet, 1545, is at all a rare book?</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p><i>"Celsior exsurgens pluviis," &c.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Celsior exsurgens pluviis, nimbosque cadentes,</p> + <p>Sub pedibus cernens, et cæca tonitrua calcans."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Can you oblige me by stating where the above lines are to be found? + They appear to me to form an appropriate motto for a balloon.</p> + + <p class="author">J. P. A. + + <p><i>The Bargain Cup.</i>—Can the old English custom of drinking + together upon the completion of a bargain, be traced back farther than + the Norman era? Did a similar custom exist in the earlier ages? Danl. + Dyke, in his <i>Mysteries</i> (London, 1634), says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Jews being forbidden to make couenants with the Gentiles, they + also abstained from drinking with them; because that was a ceremonie vsed + in striking of couenants."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This is the only notice I can find among old writers touching this + custom, which is certainly one of considerable antiquity: though I should + like confirmation of Dyke's words, before I can recognise an ancestry so + remote.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Kidderminster.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>School-Libraries.</i>—I am desirous of ascertaining whether + any of our public schools possess any libraries for the general reading + of the scholars, in which I do not include mere school-books of Latin, + Greek, &c., which, I presume, they all possess, but such as travels, + biographies, &c.</p> + + <p>Boys fresh from these schools appear generally to know nothing of + general reading, and from the slight information I have, I fear there is + nothing in the way of a library in any of them. If not, it is, I should + think, a very melancholy fact, and one that deserves a little attention: + but if any of your obliging correspondents can tell me what public school + possesses such a thing, and the facilities allowed for reading in the + school, I shall take it as a favour.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Bayswater.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Queen Elizabeth and her "true" Looking-glass.</i>—An anecdote + is current of Queen Elizabeth having in her later days, if not during her + last illness, called for a <i>true</i> looking-glass, having for a long + time previously made use of one that was in some manner purposely + falsified.</p> + + <p>What is the original source of the story? or at least what is the + authority to which its circulation is mainly due? An answer from some of + your correspondents to one or other of these questions would greatly + oblige</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Veronica</span>. + + <p><i>Bishop Thomas Wilson.</i>—In Thoresby's Diary, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1720, April 17 (vol. ii. p. 289.), is the + following entry:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Easter Sunday ... after evening prayers supped at cousin Wilson's + with the Bishop of Man's son."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Was there any relationship, and what, between this "cousin Wilson," + and the bishop's son, Dr. Thomas Wilson? I should be glad of any + information bearing on any or on all these subjects.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Denton</span>. + + <p><i>Bishop Wilson's Works.</i>—The <span class="sc">Rev. John + Keble</span>, Hursley, near Winchester, being engaged in writing the life + and editing the works of Bishop Wilson (Sodor and Man), would feel + obliged by <!-- Page 221 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page221"></a>{221}</span>the communication of any letters, sermons, + or other writings of the bishop, or by reference to any incidents not to + be found in printed accounts of his life.</p> + + <p><i>Hobbes, Portrait of</i>.—In the <i>Memoirs</i> of T. Hobbes, + it is stated that a portrait of him was painted in 1669 for Cosmo de + Medici.</p> + + <p>I have a fine half-length portrait of him, on the back of which is the + following inscription:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thomas Hobbes, æt. 81. 1669.</p> + <p>J<sup>os</sup>. Wick Wrilps, Londiensis, Pictor Caroli 2<sup>di</sup>. R.</p> + <p>pinx<sup>t</sup>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Is this painter the same as John Wycke, who died in 1702, but who is + not, I think, known as a portrait painter?</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers inform me whether a portrait of Hobbes is now + in the galleries at Florence, and, if so, by whom it was painted? It is + possible that mine is a duplicate of the picture which was painted for + the Grand Duke.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. C. Trevelyan</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wallington.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Brasenose, Oxford</i>.—I am anxious to learn the origin and + meaning of the word <i>Brasenose</i>. I have somewhere heard or read + (though I cannot recall where) that it was a Saxon word, <i>brasen + haus</i> or "brewing-house;" and that the college was called by this + name, because it was built on the site of the brewing-house of King + Alfred. All that Ingram says on the subject is this:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This curious appellation, which, whatever was the origin of it, has + been perpetuated by the symbol of a brazen nose here and at Stamford, + occurs with the modern orthography, but in one undivided word, so early + as 1278, in an Inquisition, now printed in the <i>Hundred Rolls</i>, + though quoted by Wood from the manuscript record."—See his + <i>Memorials of Oxford</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent will find the notice of King Alfred's brew-house in + the review of Ingram's <i>Memorials</i> in the <i>British Critic</i>, + vol. xxiv. p. 139. The writer says, "There is a spot in the centre of the + city where Alfred is said to have lived, and which may be called the + native place or river-head of three separate societies still existing, + University, Oriel, and Brasenose. Brasenose claims his palace, Oriel his + church, and University his school or academy. Of these Brasenose College + is still called, in its formal style, 'the King's Hall,' which is the + name by which Alfred himself, in his laws, calls his palace; and it has + its present singular name from a corruption of <i>brasinium</i>, or + <i>brasin-huse</i>, as having been originally located in that part of the + royal mansion which was devoted to the then important accommodation of a + brew-house." Churton, in his <i>Life of Bishop Smyth</i>, p. 277., thus + accounts for the origin of the word:—"Brasen Nose Hall, as the + Oxford antiquary has shown, may be traced as far back as the time of + Henry III., about the middle of the thirteenth century; and early in the + succeeding reign, 6th Edward I., 1278, it was known by the name of Brasen + Nose Hall, which peculiar name was undoubtedly owing, as the same author + observes, to the circumstance of a nose of brass affixed to the gate. It + is presumed, however, this conspicuous appendage of the portal was not + formed of the mixed metal, which the word now denotes, but the genuine + produce of the mine; as is the nose, or rather face, of a lion or leopard + still remaining at Stamford, which also gave name to the edifice it + adorned. And hence, when Henry VIII. debased the coin, by an alloy of + <i>copper</i>, it was a common remark or proverb, that 'Testons were gone + to Oxford, to study in <i>Brasen</i> Nose.'"]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>G. Downing</i>.—Can any one point out to me a biography of G. + Downing, or at least indicate a work where the dates of the birth and + death of this celebrated statesman may be found? He was English + ambassador in the Hague previous to and in the year 1664, and to him + Downing Street in London owes its name. A very speedy answer would be + most welcome.—From the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">A. T. C. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[In Pepys's <i>Diary</i>, vol. i. p. 2. edit. 1848, occurs the + following notice of Sir George Downing:—"Wood has misled us in + stating that Sir George Downing was a son of Dr. Calibut Downing, the + rector of Hackney. He was beyond doubt the son of Emmanuel Downing, a + London merchant, who went to New England. It is not improbable that + Emmanuel was a near kinsman of Calibut; how related has not yet been + discovered. Governor Hutchinson, in his <i>History of Massachusetts</i>, + gives the true account of Downing's affiliation, which has been farther + confirmed by Mr. Savage, of Boston, from the public records of New + England. Wood calls Downing a sider with all times and changes; skilled + in the common cant, and a preacher occasionally. He was sent by Cromwell + to Holland, as resident there. About the Restoration, he espoused the + King's cause, and was knighted and elected M. P. for Morpeth, in 1661. + Afterwards, becoming Secretary to the Treasury and Commissioner of the + Customs, he was in 1663 created a Baronet of East Hatley, in + Cambridgeshire, and was again sent ambassador to Holland. His grandson of + the same name, who died in 1749, was the founder of Downing College, + Cambridge. The title became extinct in 1764, upon the decease of Sir John + Gerrard Downing, the last heir male of the family." According to + Hutchinson, Sir George died in 1684.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Unkid</i>.—Can any of your readers inform me as to the + derivation of this word, or give any instance of its recent use? I have + frequently heard it in my childhood (the early part of the present + century) among the rural population of Oxon and Berks. It was generally + applied to circumstances of a melancholy or distressing character, but + sometimes used to express a peculiar state of feeling, being apparently + intended to convey nearly the same meaning as the <i>ennui</i> of the + French. I <!-- Page 222 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page222"></a>{222}</span>recollect an allusion to the phrase + somewhere in Miss Mitford's writings, who speaks of it as peculiar to + Berks; but as I was then ignorant of Captain Cuttle's maxim, I did not + "make a note of it," so that I am unable to lay my hand on the + passage.</p> + + <p class="author">G. T. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Reading.</p> + </div> + </div> +<div class="note"> + <p>[Mr. Sternberg also found this word in Northamptonshire: for in his + valuable work on <i>The Dialect and Folk Lore</i> of that county occurs + the following derivation of it:—"<span class="sc">Unked, + Hunkid</span>, <i>s</i>. lonely, dull, miserable. 'I was so <i>unked</i> + when ye war away.' 'A <i>unked</i> house,' &c. Mr. Bosworth gives, as + the derivative, the A.-S. <i>uncyd</i>, solitary, without speech. In + Batchelor's <i>List of Bedfordshire Words</i>, it is spelt + <i>ungkid</i>."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>.—The common editions contain a + <i>third</i> part, setting forth the life of <i>Tender-conscience</i>: + this third part is thought not to have been written by Bunyan, and is + omitted from some, at least, of the modern editions. Can any of your + readers explain by whom this addition was made, and all about it? The + subject of the <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i> generally—the stories of a + similar kind which are said to have preceded—especially in Catholic + times—the history of its editions and annotations, would give some + interesting columns.</p> + + <p class="author">M. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Mr. George Offor, in his Introduction to <i>The Pilgrim's + Progress</i>, published by the Hanserd Knollys Society in 1847, notices + the third part as a forgery:—"In a very few years after Bunyan's + death, this third part made its appearance; and although the title does + not directly say that it was written by Bunyan, yet it was at first + generally received as such. In 1695, it reached a second edition; and a + sixth in 1705. In 1708, it was denounced in the title to the ninth + edition of the second part, by a 'Note, <i>the third part, suggested to + be J. Bunyan's, is an imposture</i>.' The author of this forgery is as + yet unknown." Mr. Offor has also devoted fifty pages of his Introduction + to the conjectured prototypes of Bunyan's <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>. He + says, "Every assertion or suggestion that came to my knowledge has been + investigated, and the works referred to have been analysed. And beyond + this, every allegorical work that could be found, previous to the + eighteenth century, has been examined in all the European languages, and + the result is a perfect demonstration of the complete originality of + Bunyan."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>John Frewen</i>.—What is known of this divine? He was + minister at Northiam in Sussex in 1611; and published, the following + year, a small volume of <i>Sermons</i>, bearing reference to some quarrel + between himself and parishioners. Are these <i>Sermons</i> rare? Any + particulars would be acceptable.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Kidderminster.</p> + </div> + </div> +<div class="note"> + <p>[Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of York, was the eldest son of John + Frewen, "the puritanical Rector of Northiam," as Wood calls him, and + indeed his name carries a symbol of his father's sanctity. Wood has given + a few particulars of John, who, he says, "was a learned divine, and + frequent preacher of the time, and wrote, 1. <i>Fruitful Instructions and + Necessary Doctrine, to edify in the Fear of God, &c</i>., 1587. 2. + <i>Fruitful Instructions for the General Cause of Reformation, against + the Slanders of the Pope and League, &c</i>., 1589. 3. <i>Certain + Choice Grounds and Principles of our Christian Religion, with their + several Expositions, by Way of Questions and Answers, &c</i>., 1621, + and other things. He died in 1627 (about the latter end), and was buried + in Northiam Church, leaving then behind these sons, viz. Accepted, + Thankful, Stephen, Joseph, Benjamin, Thomas, Samuel, John, &c., which + John seems to have succeeded his father in the Rectory of Northiam; but + whether the said father was educated at Oxford, I cannot tell."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Histories of Literature</i>.—Can any correspondent inform me + of the best, or one or two principal Histories of Literature, published + in the English language, with the names of the author and publisher; as + well as, if possible, the size and price?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ilmonasteriensis</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent cannot do better than procure Hallam's + <i>Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, + and Seventeenth Centuries</i>, 3 vols. 8vo. (36s.). He may also consult + with advantage Dr. Maitland's <i>Dark Ages</i>, which illustrates the + state of religion and literature <span class="correction" title="text reads `in from'" + >from</span> the ninth to the twelfth centuries, 8vo., 12s. and + Berrington's <i>Literary History of the Middle Ages</i>, 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>]</p> + +</div> + + <p>"<i>Mrs. Shaw's Tombstone</i>."—In Leigh's <i>Observations</i> + (London, 1660) are several quotations from a work entitled <i>Mrs. Shaw's + Tombstone</i>. Where may a copy of this be seen?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Kidderminster.</p> + </div> + </div> +<div class="note"> + <p>[Mrs. Dorothy Shaw's <i>Tombstone, or the Saint's Remains</i>, 1658, + may be seen in the British Museum, Press-mark, 1418. i. 41.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>CRANMER AND CALVIN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 182.)</p> + + <p>A correspondent who seems to delight in sibilants, signing, himself + S. Z. Z. S., invites me to "<i>preserve</i>, in your columns, the letter + of Calvin to Cranmer, of which Dean Jenkyns has only given extracts," as + noticed by me in your Vol. vii., p. 621.</p> + + <p>I would not shrink from the trouble of transcribing the whole letter, + if a complete copy were only to be found in the short-lived columns of a + newspaper, as inserted in the <i>Record</i> of May 15, 1843, by Merle + d'Aubigné; but the Dean has given a reference to the volume in which both + the letters he cites are preserved and accessible, viz. <i>Calvin + Epistles</i>, pp. 134, 135., Genev. 1616. <!-- Page 223 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page223"></a>{223}</span></p> + + <p>S. Z. Z. S. justly observes that there are two points to be + distinguished: first, Cranmer's wish that Calvin should assist in a + general union of the churches protesting against Romish errors; second, + Calvin's offer to assist in settling the Church of England. He adds, "The + latter was declined; and the reason is demonstrated in Archbishop + Laurence's <i>Bampton Lectures</i>." I neither possess those lectures, + nor the volume of Calvin's epistles; but all I have seen of the + correspondence between him and Cranmer, in the Parker Society's editions + of Cranmer, and of original letters between 1537-58, and in Jenkyns' + <i>Remains of Cranmer</i>, indisposes me to believe that Calvin made any + "offer to assist in settling the Church of England." It appears from Dean + Jenkyns' note, vol. i. p. 346., that Archbishop Laurence made a mistake + in the order of the correspondence, calculated to mislead himself; and as + to Heylyn's assertion, <i>Eccles. Restaur.</i>, p. 65., that Calvin made + such an offer and "that the Archbishop (Cranmer) <i>knew</i> the man and + refused his offer," the Dean says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He gives no authority for the later part of his statement, and it can + hardly be reconciled with Cranmer's letter to Calvin of March 20, + 1552."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The contemptuous expression, he "knew the man and refused his offer," + is, in fact, utterly irreconcilable with Cranmer's language in all his + three letters to Melancthon, to Bullinger, and to Calvin (Nos. 296, 297, + 298. of Parker Society's edition of <i>Cranmer's Remains</i>, and Nos. + 283, 284, 285. of Jenkyns' edition), where he tells each of the other two + that he had written to Calvin from his desire—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ut in Anglia, aut alibi, doctissimorum et <i>optimorum</i> virorum + synodus convocaretur, in qua de puritate ecclesiasticæ doctrinæ, et + præcipue de consensu controversiæ sacramentariæ tractaretur."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Or, as he said to Calvin himself:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ut docti et pii viri, qui alios antecellunt eruditione et judicio, + convenirent."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Your correspondent seems to have used the word "demonstrated" rather + in a surgical than in its mathematical sense.</p> + + <p>Having taken up my pen to supply you with an answer to this historical + inquiry, I may as well notice some other articles in your No. 199. For + example, in p. 167., L. need not have referred your readers to + Halliwell's <i>Researches in Archaic Language</i> for an explanation of + Bacon's word "bullaces." The word may be seen in Johnson's + <i>Dictionary</i>, with the citation from Bacon, and instead of vaguely + calling it "a small black and tartish plum," your botanical readers know + it as the <i>Prunus insititia</i>.</p> + + <p>Again, p. 173., J. M. may like to know farther, that the Duke of + Wellington's clerical brother was entered on the boards of St. John's + College, Cambridge, as Wesley, where the spelling must have been dictated + either by himself, or by the person authorised to desire his admission. + It continued to be spelt Wesley in the Cambridge annual calendars as late + as 1808, but was altered in that of 1809 to Wellesley. The alteration was + probably made by the desire of the family, and without communicating such + desire to the registrary of the university. For it appears in the edition + of <i>Graduati Cantabrigienses</i>, printed in 1823, as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Wesley, Gerard Valerian, Coll. Joh. A. M. 1792. Comitis de + Mornington, Fil. nat. 4<sup>tus</sup>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In p. 173., C. M. <span class="sc">Ingleby</span> may like to know, as + a clue to the origin of his <i>apussee and</i>, that I was taught at + school, sixty years ago, to call & <i>And per se</i>, whilst some + would call it <i>And-per-se-and</i>.</p> + + <p>In the same page, the inquirer B. H. C. respecting the word + <i>mammon</i>, may like to know that the history of that word has been + given at some length in p. 1. to p. 68. of the Parker Society's edition + of Tyndale's <i>Parable of the wicked Mammon</i>, where I have stated + that it occurs in a form identical with the English in the Chaldee Targum + of Onkelos on Exod. viii. 21., and in that of Jonathan on Judges, v. 9., + as equivalent to riches; and that in the Syriac translation it occurs in + a form identical with <span title="Mamôna" class="grk" + >Μαμωνᾶ</span>, in Exod. xxi. 30., as a + rendering for <span lang="he" class="heb" title="KOPER" ><bdo + dir="rtl">כֹפֶר</bdo></span>, the price of + satisfaction. In B. H. C.'s citation from Barnes, <i>even</i> seems a + misprint for <i>ever</i>. The Jews did not again fall into actual + idolatry after the Babylonish captivity; but we are told that in the + sight of God covetousness is idolatry.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Walter</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Hasilbury Bryan.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>BARNACLES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 124.)</p> + + <p>A Querist quoting from Porta's <i>Natural Magic</i> the vulgar error + that "not only in Scotland, but in the river Thames, there is a kind of + shell-fish which get out of their shells and grow to be ducks, or such + like birds," asks, what could give rise to such an absurd belief? Your + correspondent quotes from the English translation of the <i>Magia + Naturalis</i>, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1658; but the tradition is + very ancient, Porta the author having died in 1515 <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> You still find an allusion in <i>Hudibras</i> to + those—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who from the most refin'd of saints,</p> + <p>As naturally grow miscreants,</p> + <p>As <i>barnacles</i> turn Soland geese,</p> + <p>In th' islands of the Orcades."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The story has its origin in the peculiar formation of the little + mollusc which inhabits the multivalve shell, the <i>Pentalasmis + anatifera</i>, which by a fleshy peduncle attaches itself by one end to + the bottoms of ships or floating timber, whilst from the other <!-- Page + 224 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page224"></a>{224}</span>there + protrudes a bunch of curling and fringe-like cirrhi, by the agitation of + which it attracts and collects its food. These cirrhi so much resemble + feathers, as to have suggested the leading idea of a bird's tail: and + hence the construction of the remainder of the fable, which is thus given + with grave minuteness in <i>The Herbal, or General Historie of + Plants</i>, gathered by John Gerarde, Master in Chirurgerie: London, + 1597:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"What our eyes have seen, and our hands have touched, we shall + declare. There is a small island in Lancashire called the Pile of + Foulders, wherein are found the broken pieces of old and bruised ships, + some whereof have been cast thither by shipwreck; and also the trunks or + bodies, with the branches of old and rotten trees, cast up there + likewise, whereon is found a certain spume or froth, that in time + breedeth unto certain shells, in shape like those of a mussel, but + sharper pointed, and of a whitish colour; wherein is contained a thing in + form like a lace of silk finely woven as it were together, of a whitish + colour; one end whereof is fastened unto the inside of the shell, even as + the fish of oysters and mussels are; the other end is made fast unto the + belly of a rude mass or lump, which in time cometh to the shape and form + of a bird. When it is perfectly formed, the shell gapeth open, and the + first thing that appeareth is the foresaid lace or string; next come the + legs of the bird hanging out and as it groweth greater, it openeth the + shell by degrees, till at length it is all come forth, and hangeth only + by the bill. In short space after it cometh to full maturity, and falleth + into the sea, where it gathereth feathers, and groweth to a fowl, bigger + than a mallard, and lesser than a goose; having black legs, and a bill or + beak, and feathers black and white, spotted in such manner as our magpie, + called in some places a Pie-Annet, which the people of Lancashire call by + no other name than a tree-goose; which place aforesaid, and all those + parts adjacent, do so much abound therewith, that one of the best may be + bought for threepence. For the truth hereof, if any doubt, may it please + them to repair unto me, and I shall satisfy them by the testimony of + credible witnesses."—Page 1391.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Gerarde, who is doubtless Butler's authority, says elsewhere, that "in + the north parts of Scotland, and the islands called Orcades," there are + certain trees whereon these tree-geese and barnacles abound.</p> + + <p>The conversion of the fish into a bird, however fabulous, would be + scarcely more astonishing than the metamorphosis which it actually + undergoes—the young of the little animal having no feature to + identify it with its final development. In its early stage (I quote from + Carpenter's <i>Physiology</i>, vol. i. p. 52.) it has a form not unlike + that of the crab, "possessing eyes and powers of free motion; but + afterwards, becoming fixed to one spot for the remainder of its life, it + loses its eyes and forms a shell, which, though composed of various + pieces, has nothing in common with the jointed shell of the crab."</p> + + <p>Though Porta wrote at Naples, the story has reference to Scotland; and + the tradition is evidently northern, and local. As to <span + class="sc">Speriend</span>'s Query, What could give rise to so absurd a + story? it doubtless took its origin in the similarity of the tentacles of + the fish to feathers of a bird. But I would add the farther Query, + whether the ready acceptance and general credence given to so obvious a + fable, may not have been derived from giving too literal a construction + to the text of the passage in the first chapter of Genesis:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"And God said, Let the <i>waters bring forth abundantly</i> the moving + creature that hath life, and <i>the fowl</i> that may fly in the open + firmament of heaven?"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Emerson Tennent.</span> + + <p>Drayton (1613) in his <i>Poly-olbion</i>, iii., in connexion with the + river Dee, speaks of—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Th' anatomised fish, and fowls from planchers sprung,"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>to which a note is appended in Southey's edition, p. 609., that such + fowls were "<i>barnacles</i>, a bird breeding upon old ships." In the + <i>Entertaining Library</i>, "Habits of Birds," pp. 363-379., the whole + story of this extraordinary instance of ignorance in natural history is + amply developed. The barnacle shells which I once saw in a sea-port, + attached to a vessel just arrived from the Mediterranean, had the + brilliant appearance, at a distance, of flowers in bloom<a + name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>; the foot of the + <i>Lepas anatifera</i> (Linnæus) appearing to me like the stalk of a + plant growing from the ship's side: the shell had the semblance of a + calyx, and the flower consisted of the fingers (<i>tentacula</i>) of the + shell-fish, "of which twelve project in an elegant curve, and are used by + it for making prey of small fish." The very ancient error was to mistake + the foot of the shell-fish for the neck of a goose, the shell for its + head, and the <i>tentacula</i> for a tuft of feathers. As to the body, + <i>non est inventus</i>. The Barnacle Goose is a well-known bird: and + these shell-fish, bearing, as seen out of the water, resemblance to the + goose's neck, were ignorantly, and without investigation, confounded with + geese themselves, an error into which Albertus Magnus (d. 1280) did not + fall, and in which Pope Pius II. proved himself infallible. Nevertheless, + in France, the Barnacle Goose may be eaten on fast-days by virtue of this + old belief in its marine origin.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton</span> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>See <i>Penny Cycl</i>., art. <span class="sc">Cirripeda</span>, vii. + 208., reversing the woodcut.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>DIAL INSCRIPTIONS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iv., p. 507. Vol. v., p. 155., &c.)</p> + + <p>In the churchyard of Areley-Kings, Worcestershire (where is the + singular memorial to Sir Harry Coningsby, which I mentioned at Vol. vi., + <!-- Page 225 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page225"></a>{225}</span>p. 406.), is a curious dial, the pillar + supporting which has its four sides carved with figures of Time and + Death, &c., and the following inscriptions.</p> + + <p>On the south side, where is the figure of Time:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">Consider</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Aspice—ut aspicias."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Time's glass and scythe</p> + <p>Thy life and death declare,</p> + <p>Spend well thy time, and</p> + <p>For thy end prepare."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"O man, now or never</p> + <p>While there is time, turn unto the Lord,</p> + <p class="i2">And put not off from day to day."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>On the north side, where is the figure of Death standing upon a dead + body, with his dart, hour-glass, and spade:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Three things there be in very deede,</p> + <p>Which make my heart in grief to bleede:</p> + <p>The first doth vex my very heart,</p> + <p>In that from hence I must departe;</p> + <p>The second grieves me now and then,</p> + <p>That I must die, but know not when;</p> + <p>The third with tears bedews my face,</p> + <p>That I must die, nor know the place.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">I. W.</p> + <p class="i2"><i>fecit</i>, Anno D<span class="over">m</span>i.</p> + <p class="i4">1687."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Behold my killing dart and delving spade;</p> + <p>Prepare for death before thy grave be made;</p> + <p class="i8">for</p> + <p class="i4">After death there's no hope."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"If a man die he shall live again.</p> + <p>All the days of my appointed time</p> + <p>Will I wait till my days come."—<i>Job</i> xiv. 14.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The death of saints is precious,</p> + <p>And miserable is the death of sinners."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The east side of the pillar has the following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Si vis ingredi in vitam,</p> + <p>Serve mandata."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Judgments are prepared for sinners."—<i>Prov</i>. xiv. 9.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And on the west:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"Sol non occidat</p> + <p>Super iracundiam vestram."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Whatsoever ye would that men</p> + <p class="i2">Should do unto you,</p> + <p>Do ye even so unto them."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I subjoin a few other dial inscriptions, copied from churches in + Worcestershire.</p> + + <p>Kidderminster (parish church):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"None but a villain will deface me."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Himbleton (over the porch):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Via Vitæ."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Bromsgrove:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We shall ——" (<i>i.e.</i> we shall die-all).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Shrawley:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ab hoc nomento pendet æternitas."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>THE "SALTPETER MAKER."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 377. 433. 460. 530.)</p> + + <p>The following humble petition will give an idea of the arbitrary power + exercised by the "Saltpeter maker" in the days of Good Queen Bess; and of + the useful monopoly that functionary contrived to make of his employment, + in defiance of county government:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Righte honorable, our humble dewties to yo<sup>r</sup> good + Lordshippe premised, maye it please the same to be advertised, that at + the Quarter sessions holden at Newarke within this countie of Nottingham, + There was a generall Complaynte made unto us by the Whole Countrie, that + one John Ffoxe, saltpeter maker, had charged the Whole Countrie by his + precepts for the Caryinge of Cole from Selsonn, in the Countie of + Nottingham, unto the towne of Newarke w<sup>th</sup>in the same countie; + beinge sixteene myles distante for the makeinge of saltpeter, some townes + w<sup>th</sup> five Cariages and some w<sup>th</sup> lesse, or els to + geve him foure shillinges for everie Loade, whereof he hath Recyved a + great parte. Uppon w<sup>ch</sup> Complaynte we called the same Ffoxe + before some of us at Newarke at the Sessions, there to answere the + premisses, and also to make us a propcīon what Loades of Coales + would serve to make a thowsand of saltpeter, To thend we might have sett + some order for the preparing of the same: But the said Ffoxe will not + sett downe anie rate what would serve for the makeinge of a Thowsande. + Therefore we have thoughte good to advertise your good Lordshippe of the + premisses, and have appoynted the clarke of the peace of this countie of + Nottingham to attend yo<sup>r</sup> good Lordshippe to know + yo<sup>r</sup> Lordshippes pleasure about the same, who can further + informe yo<sup>r</sup> good Lordshippe of the particularities thereof, if + it shall please yo<sup>r</sup> good Lordshippe to geve him hearings, And + so most humblie take our Leaves, Newarke, the viij<sup>th</sup> of + Octob<sup>r</sup>, 1589.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Your L<sup>pp</sup> most humblie to Comaunde,</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Ro. Markham,</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">William Sutton,</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">R<span class="over">au</span>f Barton, 1589,</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">N<span class="over">ih</span>s Roos,</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">Brian Lassels,</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">John Thornhagh."</span></p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>The document is addressed on the back "To the Right Honorable our + verie good Lord the Lord Burghley, Lord Heighe Threasoro<sup>r</sup> of + England, yeve theis;" and is numbered LXI. 72. among the Lansdowne MSS., + B. M.</p> + + <p>The proposal quoted below has no date attached, but probably belongs + to the former part of the seventeenth century:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + +<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">The Service</span>.</p> + + <p>"1. To make 500 Tunne of refined Saltpetre within his + Ma<sup>ties</sup> dominions yearely, and continually, and cheaper.</p> + + <p>2. <i>Without digging of homes or charging of carts, or any other + charge to the subject whatsoever.</i> <!-- Page 226 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page226"></a>{226}</span></p> + + <p>3. To performe the whole service at our owne cost.</p> + + <p>4. Not to hinder any man in his owne way of makeing saltpetre, nor + importation from forreine parts."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following memorandum is underwritten:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mr. Speaker hath our Bill; Be pleased to-morrow to call for it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The original draft of the above disinterested offer may be seen Harl. + CLVIII. fol. 272.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Furvus.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>St. James's.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>TSAR.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 150.)</p> + + <p>The difficulty in investigating the origin of this word is that the + letter <i>c</i>, "the most wonderful of all letters," says Eichhoff + (<i>Vergleichung der Sprachen</i>, p. 55.), sounds like <i>k</i> before + the vowels <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, but before <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, + in French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch, as <i>s</i>, in Italian as + <i>tsh</i>, in German as <i>ts</i>. It is always <i>ts</i> in Polish and + Bohemian. In Russian it is represented by a special letter <span + lang="ru" title="ts" >ц</span>, <i>tsi</i>; but in Celtic it is + always <i>k</i>. Conformably with this principle, the Russians, like the + Germans, Poles, and Bohemians, pronounce the Latin <i>c</i> as <i>ts</i>. + So Cicero in these languages is pronounced <i>Tsitsero</i>, very + differently from the Greeks, who called him <i>Kikero</i>. The letter + <i>tsi</i> is a supplementary one in Russian, having no corresponding + letter in the Greek alphabet, from which the Russian was formed in the + ninth century by St. Cyril. The word to be sought then amongst cognate + languages as the counterpart of <i>tsar</i> (or as the Germans write it + <i>czar</i>) is <i>car</i>, as pronounced in English, French, Spanish, + Portuguese, and Dutch. The most probable etymological connection that I + can discover is with the Sanscrit <a href="images/201_014.png"><img + src="images/201_014.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Sanskrit: + car" /></a> <i>car</i>, to move, to advance; the root of the Greek <span + title="karrhon" class="grk" + >κάῤῥον</span>, in English + <i>car</i>, Latin <i>curro</i>, French <i>cours</i>. So Sanscrit + <i>caras</i>, <i>carat</i>, movable, nimble; Greek <span title="chraôn" class="grk" + >χράων</span>, Latin <i>currens</i>. And Sanscrit + <i>câras</i>, motion, Greek <span title="choros" class="grk" + >χόρος</span>, Latin <i>currus</i>, + <i>cursus</i>, French <i>char</i>, English <i>car</i>, <i>cart</i>, + &c. The early Russians were doubtless wanderers, an off-shoot of the + people known to the Greeks as Scythians, and to the Hebrews and Arabians + as Gog and Magog, who travelled in <i>cars</i>, occupying first one + territory with their flocks, but not cultivating the land, then leaving + it to nature and taking up another resting-place. It is certain that the + Russians have many Asiatic words in their vocabulary, which must + necessarily have occurred from their being for more than two centuries + sometimes under Tatar, and sometimes under Mongol domination; and the + origin of this word <i>tsar</i> or <i>car</i> may leave to be sought on + the plateaus of North-east Asia. In the Shemitic tongues (Arabic, Hebrew, + Persian, &c.) no connexion of sound or meaning, so probable as the + above Indo-European one, is to be found. The popular derivations of + Nabupolassar, Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, &c., are not to be trusted. + It is remarkable, however, that these names are significant in Russian. + (See "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 432, 433, <i>note</i>.) The cuneatic + inscriptions may yet throw light on these Assyrian names. In Russian the + kingdom is <i>Tsarstvo</i>, the king <i>Tsar</i>, his queen + <i>Tsarina</i>, his son is <i>Tsarevitch</i>, and his daughter + <i>Tsarevna</i>. The word is probably pure Russian or Slavic. The Russian + tsar used about two hundred years ago to be styled duke by foreign + courts, but he has advanced in the nomenclature of royalty to be an + emperor. The Russians use the word <i>imperatore</i> for emperor, + <i>Kesar</i> for Cæsar, and <i>samodershetse</i> for sovereign.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Birmingham.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In Voltaire's <i>History of the Russian Empire</i>, it is stated that + the title of Czar may possibly be derived front the <i>Tzars</i> or + <i>Tchars</i> of the kingdom of Casan. When John, or Ivan Basilides, + Grand Prince of Russia, had completed the reduction of this kingdom, he + assumed this title, and it has since continued to his successors. Before + the reign of John Basilides, the sovereigns of Russia bore the name of + <i>Velike Knez</i>, that is, great prince, great lord, great chief, which + in Christian countries was afterwards rendered by that of great duke. The + Czar Michael Federovitz, on occasion of the Holstein embassy, assumed the + titles of Great Knez and Great Lord, Conservator of all the Russias, + Prince of Wolodimir, Moscow, Novogorod, &c., Tzar of Casan, Tzar of + Astracan, Tzar of Siberia. The name of <i>Tzar</i> was therefore the + title of those Oriental princes, and therefore it is more probable for it + to have been derived from the <i>Tshas</i> of Persia than from the Roman + Cæsars, whose name very likely never reached the ears of the Siberian + Tzars on the banks of the Oby. In another part of Voltaire's + <i>History</i>, when giving an account of the celebrated battle of Narva, + where Charles XII., with nine thousand men and ten pieces of cannon, + defeated "the Russian army with eighty thousand fighting men, supported + by one hundred and forty-five pieces of cannon," he says, "Among the + captives was the son of a King of Georgia, whom Charles sent to + Stockholm; his name was <i>Mittelesky Czarowitz</i>, or Czar's Son, which + is farther proof that the title of Czar or Tzar was not originally + derived from the Roman Cæsars." To the above slightly abbreviated + description may not be uninterestingly added the language of Voltaire, + which immediately follows the first reference:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"No title, how great soever, is of any signification, unless they who + bear it are great and powerful of themselves. The word <i>emperor</i>, + which denoted only the <i>general of an army</i>, became the title of the + <!-- Page 227 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page227"></a>{227}</span>sovereigns of Rome and it is now conferred + on the supreme governor of all the Russias."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Hermit at Hampstead.</span> + + <p>I beg to inform J. S. A. that the right word is <i>Tsar</i>, and that + it is the Russian word answering to our king or lord, the Latin + <i>Rex</i>, the Persian <i>Shah</i>, &c. There may be terms in other + languages that have an affinity with it, but I believe we should seek in + vain for a derivation.</p> + + <p class="author">T. K. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>"LAND OF GREEN GINGER."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 160.)</p> + + <p>I wish that <span class="sc">R. W. Elliot</span> of Clifton, whom I + recognise as a former inhabitant of Hull, had given the authority on + which he states, that "It is so called from the sale of ginger having + been chiefly carried on there in early times." The name of this street + has much puzzled the local antiquaries; and having been for several years + engaged on a work relative to the derivations, &c., of the names of + the streets of Hull, I have spared no pains to ascertain the history and + derivation of the singular name of this street.</p> + + <p>I offer then a conjecture as to its derivation as follows:—The + ground on which this street stands was originally the property of De la + Pole, Duke of Suffolk, on which he had built his stately manor-house. On + the attainder of the family it was seized by the king; and Henry VIII. + several times held his court here, on one of his visits having presented + his sword to the corporation. It was then, 1538, called Old Beverley + Street, as seen in the survey made of the estates of Sir William Sydney, + Kt. In a romance called <i>Piraute el Blanco</i>, it is stated "The + morning collation at the English Court was <i>green ginger</i> with good + Malmsey, which was their custom, because of the coldness of the land." + And in the <i>Fœdera</i>, vii. 233., it is stated that, among other + things, the cargo of a Genoese ship, which was driven ashore at Dunster, + in Somersetshire, in 1380, consisted of green ginger (ginger cured with + lemon-juice). In Hollar's Map of Hull, 1640, the street is there laid out + as built upon, but without any name attached to it. No other plans of + Hull are at present known to exist from the time of Hollar, 1640, to + Gent, 1735. In Gent's plan of Hull, it is there called "The Land of Green + Ginger;" so that probably, between the years 1640 and 1735, it received + its peculiar name.</p> + + <p>I therefore conjecture that, as Henry VIII. kept his Court here with + his usual regal magnificence, green ginger would be one of the luxuries + of his table; that this portion of his royal property being laid out as a + garden, was peculiarly suitable for the growth of ginger—the same + as Pontefract was for the growth of the liquorice plant; and that, upon + the property being built upon, the remembrance of this spot being so + suitable for the growth of ginger for the Court, would eventually give + the peculiar name, in the same way that the adjoining street of + Bowl-Alley-Lane received its title from the bowling-green near to it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Richardson.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>13. Savile Street, Hull.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This has long been a puzzle to the Hull antiquaries. I have often + inquired of old persons likely to know the origin of such names of places + at that sea-port as "The Land of Green Ginger," "Pig Alley," + "Mucky-south-end," and "Rotten Herring Staith;" and I have come to the + conclusion, that "The Land of Green Ginger" was a very dirty place where + horses were kept: a mews, in short, which none of the Muses, not even + with Homer as an exponent, could exalt (<span title="'Epea pteroenta en athanatoisi theoisi'" class="grk" + >"Ἔπεα + πτεροέντα ἐν + ἀθανάτοισι + θεοῖσι"</span>) into the regions + of poesy.</p> + + <p>Ginger has been cultivated in this country as a <i>stove</i> exotic + for about two hundred and fifty years. In one of the histories of Hull, + ginger is supposed to have grown in this street, where, to a recent + period, the stables of the George Inn, and those of a person named Foster + opposite, occupied the principal portion of the short lane called "Land + of Green Ginger." It is hardly possible that the true zingiber can have + grown here, even in the manure heaps; but a plant of the same order + (<i>Zingiberaceæ</i>) may have been mistaken for it. Some of the old + women or marine school-boys of the Trinity House, in the adjoining lane + named from that guild, or some druggist, may have dropped, either + accidentally or experimentally, a root, if not of the ginger, yet of some + kindred plant. The magnificent <i>Fuchsia</i> was first noticed in the + possession of a seaman's wife by Fuchs in 1501, a century prior to the + introduction of the ginger plant into England.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Birmingham.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Stereoscopic Angles</i>.—The discussion in "N. & Q." + relative to the best angle for stereoscopic pictures has gone far towards + a satisfactory conclusion: there are, however, still a few points which + may be beneficially considered.</p> + + <p>In the first place, the kind of stereoscope to be used must tend to + modify the mental impression; and secondly, the <i>amount</i> of + reduction from the size of the original has a considerable influence on + the final result.</p> + + <p>If in viewing a stereoscopic pair of photographs, they are placed + <i>at the same distance</i> from the eyes as the <i>length of the focus + of the lens used in producing them</i>, then without doubt the distance + between the eyes, viz. about two and a quarter <!-- Page 228 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page228"></a>{228}</span>inches, is the best + difference between the two points of view to produce a perfectly natural + result; and if the points of operation be more distant from one another, + as I have before intimated, an effect is produced similar to what would + be the case if the pictures were taken from a <i>model</i> of the object + instead of the object itself.</p> + + <p>When it is intended that the pictures taken are to be viewed by an + instrument that requires their distance from the eyes to be <i>less</i> + than the focal length of the lens used in their formation, what is the + result? Why, that they subtend an angle larger than in nature, and are + consequently apparently <i>increased</i> in bulk; and the obvious remedy + is to <i>increase</i> the angle between the points of generation in the + exact ratio as that by which the visual distance is to be lessened. There + is one other consideration to which I would advert, viz. that as we judge + of <i>distance</i>, &c. mainly by the degree of <i>convergence</i> of + the optic axes of our two eyes, it cannot be so good to arrange the + camera with its two positions quite parallel, especially for objects at a + short or medium distance, as to let its centre radiate from the principal + object to be delineated; and to accomplish this desideratum in the + readiest way (for portraits especially), the ingenious contrivance of Mr. + Latimer Clark, described in the <i>Journal</i> of the Photographic + Society, appears to me the best adapted. It consists of a modification of + the old parallel ruler arrangement on which the camera is placed; but one + of the sides has an adjustment, so that within certain limits any degree + of convergence is attainable. Now in the case of the pictures alluded to + by <span class="sc">Mr. H. Wilkinson</span> in Vol. viii., p. 181., it is + probable they were taken by a camera placed in two positions parallel to + one another, and it is quite clear that only a <i>portion</i> of the two + pictures could have been really stereoscopic. It is perfectly true that + two indifferent negatives will often combine and form one good + stereoscopic positive, but this is in consequence of one possessing that + in which the other is deficient; and at any rate two <i>good</i> pictures + will have a <i>better</i> effect; consequently, it is better that the two + views should contain exactly the same <i>range</i> of vision.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt.</span> + + <p><i>Protonitrate of Iron</i>.—"Being in the habit of using + protonitrate of iron for developing collodion pictures, the following + method of preparing that solution suggested itself to me, which appears + to possess great advantages:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Water 1 oz.</p> + <p>Protosulphate of iron 14 grs.</p> + <p>Nitrate of potash 10 grs.</p> + <p>Acetic acid ½ drm.</p> + <p>Nitric acid 2 drops.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In this mixture nitrate of potash is employed to convert the sulphate + of iron into nitrate in place of nitrate of baryta in Dr. Diamond's + formula, or nitrate of lead as recommended by Mr. Sisson; the advantage + being that no filtering is required, as the sulphate of potash (produced + by the double decomposition) is soluble in water, and does not interfere + with the developing qualities of the solution.</p> + + <p>"The above gives the bright deposit of silver so much admired in Dr. + Diamond's pictures, and will be found to answer equally well either for + positives or negatives. If the nitric acid be omitted, we obtain the + effects of protonitrate of iron prepared in the usual way.—<span + class="sc">John Spiller</span>."</p> + +<p class="cenhead">(From the <i>Photographic Journal</i>.)</p> + + <p><i>Photographs in natural Colours</i>.—As "N. & Q." numbers + among its correspondents many residents in the United States, I hope you + will permit me to inquire through its columns whether there is really any + foundation for the very startling announcement, in Professor Hunt's + <i>Photography</i>, of Mr. Hill of New York having "obtained more than + fifty pictures from nature in all the beauty of native coloration," or + whether the statement is, as I conclude Professor Hunt is inclined to + believe, one of those hoaxes in which many of our transatlantic friends + take so much delight.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Matter-of-Fact</span>. + + <p><i>Photographs by artificial Lights</i>.—May I ask for + references to any manuals of photography, or papers in scientific + journals, in which are recorded any experiments that have been made with + the view of obtaining photographs by means of artificial lights? This is, + I have no doubt, a subject of interest to many who, like myself, are + busily occupied during the day, and have only their evenings for + scientific pursuits: while it is obvious, that if such a process can be + successfully practised, there are many objects—such as + <i>prints</i>, <i>coins</i>, <i>seals</i>, <i>objects of natural history + and antiquity</i>—which might well be copied by it, even though + artificial light should prove far slower in its action than solar + light.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Clerk</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Vandyke in America</i> (Vol. viii., p. 182.).—I would take + the liberty of asking <span class="sc">Mr. Balch</span> of Philadelphia + whom he means by Col. Hill and Col. Byrd, "worthies famous in English + history, and whose portraits by Vandyke are now on the James River?" I + know of no Col. Hill or Byrd whom Vandyke could possibly have painted. I + should also like to know what proof there is that the pictures, + whomsoever they represent, are by <i>Vandyke</i>. <span class="sc">Mr. + Balch</span> says that he favours us with this information "<i>in answer + to the query</i>" (Vol. vii., p. 38.); but I beg leave to observe that it + is by no means "in answer to the query," which was about an + <i>engraved</i> portrait and not <i>picture</i>, and <!-- Page 229 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page229"></a>{229}</span>his thus + bringing in the Vandykes <i>à propos de bottes</i> makes me a little + curious about their authenticity.</p> + + <p class="author">C. + + <p><i>Title wanted—Choirochorographia</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 151.).—The full title of the book inquired after is as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Choirochôrographia" class="grk" + >Χοιροχωρογραφια</span>: + sive, Hoglandiæ Descriptio.—Plaudite <i>Porcelli Porcorum pigra + Propago</i> (Eleg. Poet.): Londini, Anno Domini 1709. Pretium + 2<sup>d</sup>," 8vo.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The printer, as appears from the advertisement at the end of the + volume, was Henry Hills. The middle of the title-page is occupied by a + coarsely executed woodcut, representing a boar with barbed instrument in + his snout, and similar instrument on a larger scale under the head, + surmounted with some rude characters, which I read</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"TURX TRVYE BEVIS O HAMTVN."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The dedication is headed, "Augusto admodum & undiquaq; Spectabili + Heroi Domini H—— S—— Maredydius Caduganus + Pymlymmonensis, S.P.D." The entire work appears to be written in ridicule + of Hampshire, and to be intended as a retaliation for work written by + Edward Holdsworth, of Magd. Coll. Oxford, entitled <i>Muscipula, sive</i> + <span title="kambro-muo-machia" class="grk" + >καμβρο-μυο-μαχια</span>, + published by the same printer in the same year, and translated by Dr. + Hoadly in the fifth volume of Dodsley's <i>Miscellany</i>, p. 277., edit. + 1782.</p> + + <p>Query, Who was the author? and had Holdsworth any farther connexion + with Hampshire than that of having been educated at Winchester + School?</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. M. + + <p><i>Second Growth of Grass</i> (Vol. viii., p. 102.).—R. W. F. of + Bath inquires for other names than "fog," &c. In Sussex we leave + "rowens," or "rewens" (the latter, I believe, a corruption), used for the + second growth of grass.</p> + + <p>Halliwell, in his <i>Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words</i>, + has "<i>Rowens</i>, after-grass," as a Suffolk word. Bailey gives the + word, with a somewhat different signification; but he has "<i>Rowen + hay</i>, latter hay," as a country word.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Figg</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Lewes.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In Norfolk this is called "aftermath eddish," and "rowans" or + "rawins."</p> + + <p>The first term is evidently from the A.-S. <i>mæth</i>, mowing or + math: Bosworth's <i>Dictionary</i>. Eddish is likewise from the A.-S. + <i>edisc</i>, signifying the second growth; it is used by Tusser, + <i>October's Husbandry</i>, stanza 4.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Where wheat upon <i>eddish</i> ye mind to bestow,</p> + <p>Let that be the first of the wheat ye do sow."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Rawings</i> also occurs in Tusser, and in the <i>Promptorium + Parvulorum</i>, <i>rawynhey</i> is mentioned. In Bailey's + <i>Dictionary</i> it is spelt <i>rowen</i> and <i>roughings</i>: this + last form gives the etymology, for <i>rowe</i>, as may be seen in + Halliwell, is an old form for <i>rough</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">E. G. R. + + <p>I have always heard it called in Northumberland, <i>fog</i>; in + Norfolk, <i>after-math</i>; in Oxfordshire, I am told, it is + <i>latter-math</i>. This term is pure A.-Saxon, <i>mæth</i>, the mowing; + the former word <i>fog</i>, and <i>eddish</i> also, are to be found in + dictionaries, but their derivation is not satisfactory.</p> + + <p class="author">C. I. R. + + <p><i>Snail eating</i> (Vol. viii., p. 34).—The beautiful specimens + of the large white snails were brought from Italy by Single-speech + Hamilton, a gentleman of <i>vertù</i> and exquisite taste, and placed in + the grounds at Paynes Hill, and some fine statues likewise. On the change + of property, the snails were dispersed about the country; and many of + them were picked up by my grandfather, who lived at the Grove under + Boxhill, near Dorking. They were found in the hedges about West Humble, + and in the grounds of the Grove. I had this account from my mother; and + had once some of the shells, which I had found when staying in + Surrey.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Julia R. Bockett.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Southcote Lodge.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The snails asked after by <span class="sc">Mr. H. T. Riley</span> are + to be met with near Dorking. When in that neighbourhood one day in May + last, I found two in the hedgerow on the London road (west side) between + Dorking and Box Hill. They are much larger than the common snail, the + shells of a light brown, and the flesh only slightly tinged with green. I + identified them by a description and drawing given in an excellent book + for children, the <i>Parent's Cabinet</i>, which also states that they + are to be found about Box Hill.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Rogers Long.</span> + + <p>The large white snail (<i>Helix pomatia</i>) is found in abundance + about Box Hill in Surrey. It is also plentiful near Stonesfield in + Oxfordshire, where have, at different periods, been discovered + considerable remains of Roman villas; and it has been suggested that this + snail was introduced by the former inhabitants of those villas.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. C. Trevelyan.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wallington.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Sotades</i> (Vol. vii., p. 417.).—Sotades is the supposed + inventor of Palindromic verses (see Mr. Sands' <i>Specimens of Macaronic + Poetry</i>, p. 5., 1831. His enigma on "Madam" was written by Miss Ritson + of Lowestoft).</p> + + <p class="author">S. Z. Z. S. + + <p><i>The Letter "h" in "humble"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 54).—The + question has been raised by one of your correspondents (and I have not + observed any reply thereto), as to whether it is a peculiarity of + Londoners to pronounce the <i>h</i> in <i>humble</i>. If, as a Londoner + by birth and residence, I might be allowed to answer the Query, I should + say that <!-- Page 230 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page230"></a>{230}</span>the <i>h</i> is never heard in + <i>humble</i>, except when the word is pronounced from the pulpit. I + believe it to be one of those, either Oxford or Cambridge, or both, + peculiarities, of which no reasonable explanation can be given.</p> + + <p>I should be glad to hear whether any satisfactory general rule has + been laid down as to when the <i>h</i> should be sounded, and when not. + The only rule which occurs to me is to pronounce it in all words coming + to us from the Celtic "stock," and to pass it unsounded in those which + are of Latin origin. If this rule be admitted, the pronunciation + sanctioned by the pulpit and Mr. Dickens is condemned.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Benjamin Dawson.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>London.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Lord North</i> (Vol. vii., p. 317. Vol. viii., p. 184.).—Is + M. E. of Philadelphia laughing at us, when he refers us to a + <i>woodcut</i> in some American pictorial publication on the American + Revolution for a true portraiture of the figure and features of King + George III.; different, I presume, from that which I gave you. His + woodcut, he says, is taken "from an English engraving;" he does not tell + us who either painter or engraver was—but no matter. We have + hundreds of portraits by the best hands which confirm my description, + which moreover was the result of personal observation: for, from the + twentieth to the thirtieth years of my life, I had frequent and close + opportunities of approaching his Majesty. I cannot but express my + surprise that "N. & Q." should have given insertion to anything so + absurd—to use the gentlest term—as M. E.'s appeal to his + "woodcut."</p> + + <p class="author">C. + + <p><i>Singing Psalms and Politics</i> (Vol. viii., p. 56.).—One + instance of the misapplication of psalmody must suggest itself at once to + the readers of "N. & Q.," I mean the melancholy episode in the + history of the Martyr King, thus related by Hume:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Another preacher, after reproaching him to his face with his + misgovernment, ordered this Psalm to be sung,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Why dost thou, tyrant, boast thyself,</p> + <p class="i1">Thy wicked deeds to praise?'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The king stood up, and called for that Psalm which begins with these + words,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Have mercy, Lord, on me, I pray;</p> + <p class="i1">For men would me devour.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The good-natured audience, in pity to fallen majesty, showed for once + greater deference to the king than to the minister, and sung the psalm + which the former had called for."—<i>Hume's History of England</i>, + ch. 58.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Tor-Mohun.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Dimidiation by Impalement</i> (Vol. vii., p. 630.).—Your + correspondent D. P. concludes his notice on this subject by doubting if + any instance of "Dimidiation by Impalement" can be found since the time + of Henry VIII. If he turn to Anderson's <i>Diplomata Scotiæ</i> (p. 164. + and 90.), he will find that Mary Queen of Scots bore the arms of France + dimidiated with those of Scotland from <span class="scac">A.D.</span> + 1560 to December 1565. This coat she bore as Queen Dowager of France, + from the death of her first husband, the King of France, until her + marriage with Darnley.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. de H.</span> + + <p>"<i>Inter cuncta micans</i>," &<i>c</i>. (Vol. vi, p. 413.; Vol. + vii., p. 510.).—The following translation is by the Rev. Geo. Greig + of Kennington. It preserves the acrostic and mesostic, though not the + telestic, form of the original:</p> + +<table><tr><td> +"In glory rising see the sun,<br /> + Enlightening heaven's wide expanse,<br /> + So light into the darkest soul,<br /> + Uplifting Thy life-giving smiles<br /> + Sun Thou of Righteousness Divine, +</td><td> + Illustrious orb of day,<br /> + Expel night's gloom away.<br /> +JESUS, Thou dost impart,<br /> + Upon the deaden'd heart;<br /> + Sole King of Saints Thou art." +</td></tr></table> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Griffith.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Hull.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Marriage Service</i> (Vol. viii., p. 150.).—I have seen the + Rubric carried out, in this particular, in St. Mary's Church, + Kidderminster.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B. A. + + <p><i>Widowed Wife</i> (Vol. viii., p. 56.).—<i>Eur. Hec.</i> 612. + "Widowed wife and wedded maid," occurs in Vanda's prophecy; Sir W. + Scott's <i>The Betrothed</i>, ch. xv.</p> + + <p class="author">S. Z. Z. S. + + <p><i>Pure</i> (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—The use of the word + <i>pure</i> pointed out by <span class="sc">Oxoniensis</span> is nothing + new. It is a common provincialism now, and was formerly good English. + Here are two examples from Swift (<i>Letters</i>, by Hawkesworth, vol. + iv. 1768, p.21.):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ballygall will be a pure good place for air."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Ibid. p. 29.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Have you smoakt the Tattler yet? It is much liked, and I think it a + <i>pure</i> one."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Birmingham.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"Purely, I thank you," is a common reply of the country folks in this + part when accosted as to their health. I recollect once asking a + market-woman about her son who had been ill, and received for an answer: + "Oh he's quite <i>fierce</i> again, thank you, Sir." Meaning, of course, + that he had quite recovered.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Cambridge.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Mrs. Tighe</i> (Vol. viii., p. 103.).—"There is a likeness of + Mrs. Henry Tighe, the authoress of 'Psyche,' in the <i>Ladies' Monthly + Museum</i> for February, 1818. It is engraved by J. Hopwood, jun., from a + drawing by Miss Emma Drummond. Underneath the engraving referred to, are + the words 'Mrs. Henry Tighe;' but she is called in <!-- Page 231 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page231"></a>{231}</span>the memoir, 'wife of + William Tighe, Esq., M.P. for Wicklow, whose residence is Woodstock, + county of Kilkenny, author of <i>The Plants</i>, a poem, 8vo.: published + in 1808 and 1811; and <i>Statistical Observations on the County of + Kilkenny</i>, 1800. Mrs. Tighe is described as having had a pleasing + person, and a countenance that indicated melancholy and deep reflection; + was amiable in her domestic relations; had a mind well stored with + classic literature; and, with strong feelings and affections, expressed + her thoughts with the nicest discrimination, and taste the most refined + and delicate. Thus endued, it is to be regretted that Mrs. Tighe should + have fallen a victim to a lingering disease of six years at the premature + age of thirty-seven, on March 24, 1810.'—The remainder of the short + notice does not throw any additional light on Mrs. Tighe, or family; but + if you, Sir, or the Editor of "N. & Q." wish, I will cheerfully + transcribe it.—I am, Sir, yours in haste,</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Vix</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Belfast, Aug. 15."</p> + </div> + </div> +<div class="note"> + <p>[We are indebted for the above reply to the <i>Dublin Weekly + Telegraph</i>, which not only does us the honour to quote very freely + from our pages, but always most liberally acknowledges the source from + which the articles so quoted are derived.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Satirical Medal</i> (Vol. viii., p. 57.).—I have seen the + same medal of Sir R. Walpole (the latest instance of the mediæval + <i>hell-mouth</i> with which I am acquainted) bearing on the + obverse—"<span class="scac">THE GENEROUSE</span> (<i>sic</i>) <span + class="scac">DUKE OF ARGYLE</span>;" and at the foot—"<span + class="scac">NO PENTIONS</span>."</p> + + <p class="author">S. Z. Z. S. + + <p>"<i>They shot him dead at the Nine-Stone Rig</i>" (Vol. viii., p. + 78.).—Your correspondent the <span class="sc">Borderer</span> will + find the fragment of the ballad he is in search of commencing with the + above line, in the second volume of the <i>Minstrelsy of the Scottish + Border</i>, p. 114. It is entitled "Barthram's Dirge," and "was taken + down," says Scott, "by Mr. Surtees, from the recitation of Anne Douglas, + an old woman, who weeded his garden."</p> + + <p>Since the death of Mr. Surtees, however, it has been ascertained that + this ballad, as well as "The Death of Featherstonhaugh," and some others + in the same collection, were composed by him and passed off upon Scott as + genuine old Scottish ballads.</p> + + <p>Farther particulars respecting this clever literary imposition are + given in a review of the "Memoir of Robert Surtees," in the + <i>Athenæum</i> of August 7, 1852.</p> + + <p class="author">J. K. R. W. + + <p><i>Hendericus du Booys: Helena Leonora de Sievéri</i> (Vol. v., p. + 370.).—Are two different portraits of each of these two persons to + be found? By no means. There exists, however, a plate of each, engraved + by C. Visscher; but the first impressions bear the address of E. du + Booys, the later that of E. Cooper. As I am informed by Mr. Bodel + Nijenhuis, Hendericus du Booys took part in the celebrated three-days' + fight, Feb. 18, 19, and 20, 1653, between Blake and Tromp.—From the + <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">M. + + <p><i>House-marks, &c</i>. (Vol. vii., p. 594. Vol. viii., p. + 62.).—May I be allowed to inform <span class="sc">Mr. + Collyns</span> that the custom he refers to is by no means of modern + date. Nearly all the cattle which come to Malta from Barbary to be + stall-fed for consumption, or horses to be sold in the garrison, bring + with them their distinguishing marks by which they may be easily + known.</p> + + <p>And it may not be out of place to remark, that being one of a party in + the winter of 1830, travelling overland from Smyrna to Ephesus, we + reached a place just before sunset where a roving band of Turcomans had + encamped for the night. On nearing these people we observed that the + women were preparing food for their supper, while the men were employed + in branding with a hot iron, under the camel's upper lip, their own + peculiar mark,—a very necessary precaution, it must be allowed, + with people who are so well known for their pilfering propensities, not + only practised on each other, but also on all those who come within their + neighbourhood. Having as strangers paid our tribute to their great + dexterity in their profession, the circumstance was published at the + time, and to this day is not forgotten.</p> + + <p class="author">W. W. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Malta.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"<i>Qui facit per alium, facit per se</i>."—In Vol. vii., p. + 488., I observe an attempt to trace the source of the expression, "Qui + facit per alium, facit per se." A few months since I met with the + quotation under some such form as "Qui facit per alium, per se facere + videtur," in the preface to a book on <i>Surveying</i>, by Fitzherbert + (printed by Berthelet about 1535), where it is attributed to St. + Augustine. As I know of no copy of the works of that father in these + parts (though I heard him quoted last Sunday in the pulpit), I cannot at + present verify the reference.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sleednot.</span> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Halifax.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Engin-à-verge</i> (Vol. vii., p. 619. Vol. viii., p. 65.).—H. + C. K. is mistaken in his conjecture respecting this word, as the + following definition of it will show:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Engins-à-verge</i>. Ils comprenaient les diverges espèces de + catapultes, les pierriers, &c."—Bescherelle, <i>Dictionnaire + National</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Campvere, Privileges of</i> (Vol viii., p. 89.).—"Jus Gruis + liberæ." Does not this mean the privilege of using a crane to raise their + goods free of dues, municipal or fiscal? <i>Grus</i>, <i>grue</i>, + <i>krahn</i>, <!-- Page 232 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page232"></a>{232}</span><i>kraan</i>, all mean, in their different + languages, crane the bird, and crane the machine.</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. L. + + <p><i>Humbug</i>—<i>Ambages</i> (Vol. viii., p. 64.).—May I + be permitted to inform your correspondent that Mr. May was certainly + correct when using the word "ambages" as an English word in his + translation of Lucan.</p> + + <p>In Howell's <i>Dictionary</i>, published in London in May 1660, I find + it thus recorded</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ambages, or circumstances."</p> + <p class="hg3">"Full of ambages."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">W. W. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Malta.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"<i>Going to Old Weston</i>" (Vol. iii., p. 449.).—In turning + over the pages of the third volume of "N. & Q." recently, I stumbled + on <span class="sc">Arun's</span> notice of the above proverb. It + immediately struck me that I had heard it used myself a few days before, + without being conscious at the time of the similarity of the expression. + I was asking an old man, who had been absent from home, where he had been + to? His reply was, "To Old Weston, Sir. You know I must go there before I + die." Knowing that he had relatives living there, I did not, at the time, + notice anything extraordinary in the answer; but, since reading <span + class="sc">Arun's</span> note, I have made some inquires, and find the + saying is a common one on this (the Northamptonshire) side of Old Weston, + as well as in Huntingdonshire. I have been unable to obtain any + explanation of it, but think the one suggested by your correspondent must + be right. One of my informants (an old woman upwards of seventy) told me + she had often heard it used, and wondered what could be its meaning, when + she was a child.</p> + + <p class="author">W. W. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>B—— Rectory, Northamptonshire.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Reynolds's Nephew</i> (Vol. viii., p. 102.).—I think I can + certify A. Z. that two distinct branches of the Palmer family, the Deans, + and another claiming like kindred to Sir Joshua Reynolds, still exist; + from which I conclude that Sir Joshua had at least two nephews of that + name. I regret that I cannot inform your correspondent as to the + authorship of the piece about which he inquires; but, in the event of + A. Z. not receiving a satisfactory answer to his Query through the medium + of our publication, if he will furnish me with any farther particulars he + may possess on the subject, I shall be happy to try what I can do towards + possessing him with the desired information.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Oxford.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>The Laird of Brodie</i> (Vol. viii., p. 103.).—I. H. B. + mistakes, I think, the meaning of the lines. The idea is not that the + Laird was less than a gentleman, but that he was a gentleman of mark; at + least, I have never heard any other interpretation put upon it in + Scotland, where the ballad of "We'll gang nae mair a-roving," is a great + favourite. King James is the <i>subject</i> of the ballad. That merry + monarch made many lively escapades, and on this occasion he personated a + beggarman. The damsel, to whom he successfully paid his addresses, saw + through the disguise at first; but from the king's good acting, when he + pretended to be afraid that the dongs would "rive his meal pokes," she + began to think she had been mistaken. Then she expressed her disgust by + saying, that she had thought her lover could not be anything less than + the Laird of Brodie, the highest untitled gentleman probably in the + neighbourhood: implying that she suspected he might be peer or + prince.</p> + + <p class="author">W. C. + + <p><i>Mulciber</i> (Vol. viii., p. 102).—It may not be a sufficient + answer to <span class="sc">Mr. Ward's</span> Query, but I wish to state + that there was no "Mayor of Bromigham" until after the passing of the + Reform Bill. I think that it may be inferred from the extract given + below, that the mayor was no more a reality than the shield which he is + said to have wrought:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"His shield was wrought, if we may credit Fame,</p> + <p>By Mulciber, the Mayor of Bromigham.</p> + <p>A foliage of dissembl'd senna leaves</p> + <p>Grav'd round its brim, the wond'ring sight deceives.</p> + <p>Embost upon its field, a battle stood,</p> + <p>Of leeches spouting hemorrhoidal blood.</p> + <p>The artist too expresst the solemn state,</p> + <p>Of grave physicians at a consult met;</p> + <p>About each symptom how they disagree!</p> + <p>But how unanimous in case of fee!</p> + <p>And whilst one ass-ass-in another plies</p> + <p>With starch'd civilities—the patient dyes."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">N. W. S. + + <p><i>Voiding Knife</i> (Vol. vi., pp. 150. 280.).—The following + quotation from Leland will throw more light on the ancient custom of + <i>voyding</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the mean time the server geueth a voyder to the carver, and he + doth <i>voyde</i> into it the trenchers that lyeth under the + <i>knyues</i> point, and so cleanseth the tables + cleane."—<i>Collectanea</i>, vol. vi. p. 11., "The Intronization of + Nevill."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">Q. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Bloomsbury.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Sir John Vanbrugh</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 65. 160.).—Previous to + sending you my Query about the birthplace of Sir John Vanbrugh, I had + carefully gone through the Registers of the Holy Trinity parish, Chester, + and had discovered the baptisms or burials of seven sons and six + daughters of Mr. Giles Vanbrugh duly registered therein. Sir John's name + is not included in the list; therefore, if he was born in Chester, his + baptism must have been registered at one of the many other parish + churches of this city. The registers of St. Peter's Church, a + neighbouring parish, have also been <!-- Page 233 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page233"></a>{233}</span>examined, but contain + no notice of the baptism of the future knight. I will, however, continue + the chace; and should I eventually fall in with the object of my search, + will give my fellow-labourers the benefit of my explorations. Mr. + Vanbrugh sen. died at Chester, and was buried with several of his + children at Trinity Church, July 19, 1689.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Chester.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Portrait of Charles I.</i>—The portrait of Charles I. by + Vandyke (the subject of <span class="sc">Mr. Breen's</span> Query, "N. + & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 151.) is no less than the celebrated picture in + which the monarch is represented standing, with his right hand resting on + a walking cane, and his left (the arm being beautifully foreshortened) + against his hip; and immediately behind him his horse is held by an + equerry, supposed to be the Marquis of Hamilton. The picture hangs in the + great square room at the Louvre, close on the left hand of the usual + entrance door, and is undoubtedly one of the finest in that magnificent + collection. As a portrait, it is without a rival. It is well known in + this country by the admirable engraving from it, executed in 1782, by Sir + Robert Strange.</p> + + <p>The description of this picture in the Catalogue for 1852 <i>du Musée + Nationale du Louvre</i>, is as follows:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Gravé par Strange; par Bonnefoy; par Duparc;—Filhol, t. 1. pl. + 5.</p> + + <p>"Collection de Louis XV.—Ce tableau, qui a été exécuté vers + 1635, ne fut payé à van Dyck que 100 livres sterling. En 1754, il faisait + partie, suivant Descamps, du cabinet du marquis de Lassay. On trouve + cette note dans les mémoires secrets de Bachaument," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Then follows the passage quoted by <span class="sc">Mr. Breen</span>. + I can find no mention of a Dubarry among the ancestors of the + monarch.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p><i>Burial in an erect Posture</i> (Vol. viii., p. 59.).—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Pass, pass, who will yon chantry door,</p> + <p>And through the chink in the fractured floor</p> + <p>Look down, and see a grisly sight,</p> + <p>A vault where the bodies are buried upright;</p> + <p>There face to face and hand lay hand</p> + <p>The Claphams and Mauleverers stand."</p> + <p class="i2">Wordsworth, <i>White Doe of Rylstone</i>, Canto I.,</p> + <p class="i4">p. 5., line 17., new edition, 1837.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>See note on line 17 taken from Whitaker's <i>Craven</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"At the east end of the north aisle of Bolton Priory Church is a + chantry belonging to Bethmesley Hall, and a vault where, according to + tradition, the Claphams were buried upright."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">F. W. J. + + <p><i>Strut-Stowers and Yeathers or Yadders</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 148.).—The former of these words is, I believe, obsolete, or nearly + so. It means bracing-stakes: <i>strut</i>, in carpentry, is to + <i>brace</i>; and <i>stower</i> is a small kind of stake, as + distinguished from the "ten stakes" mentioned in the legend quoted by + <span class="sc">Mr. Cooper.</span></p> + + <p>The other word, <i>Yeather</i> or <i>Yadder</i>, is yet in use in + Northumberland (vid. Brockett's <i>Glossary</i>), and is mentioned by + Charlton in his <i>History of Whitby</i>. The legend referred to by <span + class="sc">Mr. Cooper</span> is, I suspect, of modern origin but Dr. + Young, in his <i>History of Whitby</i>, vol. i. p. 310., attributes it to + some of the monks of the abbey; on what grounds he does not say. The + records of the abbey contain no allusion to the legend; and no ancient + MS. of it, either in Latin or English, has ever been produced. The + <i>penny-hedge</i> is yearly renewed to this day but it is a service + performed for a different reason than that attributed in the legend. (See + Young and Charlton's histories.)</p> + + <p class="author">F. M. + + <p>The term <i>strut</i> is commonly used by carpenters for a brace or + stay. <i>Stower</i>, in Bailey's <i>Dictionary</i>, is a stake; Halliwell + spells it <i>stoure</i>, and says it is still in use. Forby connects the + Norfolk word <i>stour</i>, stiff, inflexible, applied to standing corn, + with this word, which he says is Lowland Scotch, and derives them both + from Sui.-G. <i>stoer</i>, stipes. A <i>yeather</i> or <i>yadder</i> + seems to be a rod to wattle the stakes with. In Norfolk, wattling a live + fence is called <i>ethering</i> it, which word, evidently with + <i>yeather</i>, may be derived from A.-S. <i>ether</i> or <i>edor</i>, a + hedge. The barons, therefore, had to drive their stakes perpendicularly + into the sand, to put the strut-stowers diagonally to enable them to + withstand the force of the tide, and finally to wattle them together with + the yeathers.</p> + + <p class="author">E. G. R. + + <p><i>Arms of See of York</i> (Vol. viii., p. 111.).—It appears + that the arms of the See of York were certainly changed during Wolsey's + time, for on the vaulting of Christ Church Gate, Canterbury, is a shield + bearing (in sculpture) the same arms as those now used by the + Metropolitan See of Canterbury, impaling those of Wolsey, and over the + shield a cardinal's hat. This gateway was built in 1517; yet in the + parliament roll of 6th Henry VIII., 1515, the <i>keys</i> and + <i>crown</i> are impaled with the arms of Wolsey as Archbishop of York + (see fac-simile, published by Willement, 4to. Lond. 1829), showing that + the alteration was not generally known when the gateway was built.</p> + + <p>Although the charges on the earlier arms of the See of York were the + same as on that of Canterbury, the colours of their fields differed; for + in a north window of the choir of York Minster is a shield of arms, + bearing the arms of Archbishop Bowett, who held the see from 1407 to + 1423, impaled by the pall and pastoral staff, on a field <i>gules</i>. + The glass is to all appearance of the fifteenth century.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Wt.</span> + +<p><!-- Page 234 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page234"></a>{234}</span></p> + + <p><i>Leman Family</i> (Vol. viii., p. 150.).—Without being able to + give a substantial reply to R. W. L.'s Query, it may assist him to know + that Sir John Leman had but <i>one</i> brother (William), who certainly + did not emigrate from his native land. Sir John died, March 26, 1632, + without issue; and was buried in the chancel of St. Michael, Crooked + Lane, London. His elder brother, William, had five sons; all settled + comfortably in England, and not at all likely to have left their native + country. One of the <i>Heralds' Visitations</i> for the counties of + Norfolk or Suffolk would materially assist your Philadelphian + correspondent.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Chester</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Position of Font</i> (Vol. vii., p. 149.).—In the church of + Milton near Cambridge, the font is <i>built into</i> the north pier of + the chancel arch; and from the appearance of the masonry, &c., this + is evidently the original position. I have visited some hundreds of + churches, and this is the only instance I have observed of a font in this + position. Numerous instances occur where it is <i>built into</i> the + south-western pier of the nave.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Cambridge.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Our worthy publisher has just issued a volume which will be welcome, + for the excellence of its matter and the beauty of its various + illustrations, to all archæologists. These <i>Memoirs illustrative of the + History and Antiquities of Bristol and the Western Counties of Great + Britain, and other Communications made to the Annual Meeting of the + Archæological Institute held at Bristol in 1851</i>, certainly equal in + interest and variety any of their predecessors, and whether as a memorial + of their visit to Bristol to those who attended the meeting, or as a + pleasant substitute to those who did not, will doubtless find a + resting-place on the shelf of every member of the Society whose + proceedings they record.</p> + + <p>We cannot better recommend to our readers Dr. Madden's newly published + <i>Life and Martyrdom of Savonarola, illustrative of the History of + Church and State Connexion</i>, than by stating that this remarkable man, + whom some Protestants have claimed as of their own creed, while as many + Romanists have rejected him as a heretic, is viewed by Dr. Madden as a + monk of Florence at the close of the fifteenth century, who was of + opinion that the mortal enemy of Christ's gospel in all ages of the world + had been mammon; that simony was the sin against the Holy Ghost; that the + interests of religion were naturally allied with those of liberty; that + the Arts were the handmaids of both, of a Divine origin, and were given + to earth for purposes that tended to spiritualise humanity; and who + directed all his teachings, preachings, and writings to one great object, + namely, <i>the separation of religion from all worldly influences</i>. On + this theme Dr. Madden discourses with great learning, and, some few + passages excepted, with great moderation; and the result is a Life of + Savonarola, which gives a far more complete view of his character and his + writings than has heretofore been attempted.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.—<i>History of England + from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles</i>, by Lord Mahon, + Vol. V. This volume embraces the period between the early years of George + III. and 1774, when Franklin was dismissed from his office of Deputy + Postmaster-General; and, as it includes the Junius period, gives occasion + to Lord Mahon to avow his adherence to "the Franciscan theory;" while the + Appendix contains two letters in support of the same view,—one from + Sir James Macintosh, and one from Mr. Macaulay.—<i>Confessions of a + Working Man, from the French of Emile Souvestre</i>. This interesting + narrative, well deserving the attention both of masters and working men, + forms Part XLVIII. of Longman's <i>Traveller's + Library.</i>—<i>Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli + in England, drawn from the Originals:</i> described and illustrated by + J. Y. Akerman, Part VI. containing coloured engravings of the size of the + originals of Fibulæ and Bullæ, from cemeteries in Kent; and Fibulæ, + Beads, &c. from a grave near Stamford.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">History and Antiquities of Newbury</span>. 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. Two Copies.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Vancouver's Survey of Hampshire</span>.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Hemingway's History of Chester</span>. Large Paper. Parts I. and III.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Correspondence on the Formation of the Roman Catholic Bible Society</span>. 8vo. London, 1813.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Athenæum Journal</span> for 1844.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Howard Family, Historical Anecdotes of</span>, by Charles Howard. 1769. 12mo.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Tooke's Diverson's of Purley</span>.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Nuces Philosophicæ</span>, by E. Johnson.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Paradise Lost</span>. First Edition.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Sharpe's</span> (Sir Cuthbert) <span class="sc">Bishoprick Garland</span>. 1834.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Lashley's York Miscellany</span>. 1734.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities</span>. 4to. Vol. II.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Bayley's Londiniana</span>. Vol. II. 1829.</p> + <p><span class="sc">The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity Justified</span>. 1774.</p> + <p><span class="sc">Parkhurst on the Divinity of Our Saviour</span>. 1787</p> + <p><span class="sc">Berriman's Seasonable Review of Whiston's Doxologies</span>. 1719.</p> + <p>————— <span class="sc">Second Review</span>. 1719.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names</i>.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p>S. Z. Z. S. <i>We have a letter for this Correspondent; how shall it + be forwarded?</i></p> + + <p>J. S. G. (Howden) <i>is thanked for his collection of Proverbial + Sayings—all of which are however, we believe, too well known to + justify their republication in our columns</i>.</p> + + <p>Y. S. M.<i> would oblige us by naming the subject of the + communications to which he refers</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Photography</span>. <span class="sc">Mr. + Sisson</span><i>'s communication is unavoidably postponed until our next + Number, in which</i> <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span><i>'s</i> Three New + Processes <i>will also appear</i>.</p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., <i>price Three Guineas and a + Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable</i>.</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday</i>. <!-- Page 235 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page235"></a>{235}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY, DU BARRY + & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual + remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves + fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, + intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, + dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, + heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of + the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during + pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the + aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> + + <p><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:—</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:—"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart + de Decies.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable agony from + dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, + sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's + excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, + near Diss, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by + Du Barry's food in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. + Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 4,208:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, + with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington + Rectory, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852. + + <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all + kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, + as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and + bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of + the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span></p> + <p class="hg3">"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, + purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent + Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine + venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full + instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; + 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; + 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of + Post-office order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, + London.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having + been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar + names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to + see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry + & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which + none is genuine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</p> + + <p>3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.</p> + + <p>OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to + every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its + capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its + extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or + Portraits.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing + Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by + post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different + Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. + And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room + Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render + their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p> + + <p>HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham + Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p> + + <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p> + + <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan + of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained + with perfect Security.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>PETER MORRISON,</p> + <p>Managing Director.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="full" > + + <p>WANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant, LADIES + of taste for fancy work,—by paying 21<i>s.</i> will be received as + members, and taught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired + in a few easy lessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment + and ready cash payment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. + N.B. Ladies taught by letter at any distance from London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class + X. in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities. and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which my be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, + Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's + Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 236 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page236"></a>{236}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>ARCHÆOLOGICAL WORKS</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">BY</p> + +<h2>JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,</h2> + +<h3>FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE +SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>AN ARCHÆOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic, + Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15<i>s.</i> + cloth, illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five + hundred objects.</p> + + <p>A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.</p> + + <p>*** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and + will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of Greek, + Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours' careful + reading. Instead of fac-simile Engraving being given of that which is + already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic + features of the Coin are dissected and placed by themselves, so that the + eye soon becomes familiar with them.</p> + + <p>A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the + Earliest Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 + vols. 8vo., numerous Plates, 30<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain. 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, + with an entirely new set of Plates, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and + described, containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with + Plates of several hundred examples. 1 vol 8vo., price 18<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of + the.—Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in + various Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8 vo., price 5<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. + fcp. 8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price + 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p><span class="sc">Contents</span>:—Section 1. Origin of + Coinage—Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial + Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage—Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial + Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon + Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10. Scotch Coinage. 11. + Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the + Middle Ages. 14. Various Representatives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in + Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised + at Public Sales.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year + 1618 to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of + the British Museum, &c. 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. + Publishing in 4to., in Numbers, at 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> With coloured + Plates.</p> + + <p>A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., + 3<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> each Number.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, +London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.</p> + + <p>THE GARDENER'S CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</p> + + <p>(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY,)</p> + + <p>Of Saturday, August 27, contains Articles on</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Agapanth, diseased</p> + <p>Agriculture, history of Scottish</p> + <p>Agricultural statistics</p> + <p>Allotment gardens, by Mr. Bailey</p> + <p>Apple trees, cider</p> + <p>Arrowroot, Portland, by Mr. Groves</p> + <p>Berberry blight</p> + <p>Books noticed</p> + <p>Calendar, horticultural</p> + <p>—— agricultural</p> + <p>Cartridge, Captain Norton's</p> + <p>Cattle, Tortworth sale of</p> + <p>Chrysanthemum, culture of</p> + <p>Crayons for writing on glass, by M. Brunnquell</p> + <p>Crickets, traps for</p> + <p>Crops, returns respecting the state of</p> + <p>Dahlias, new</p> + <p>Eschscholtzia californica</p> + <p>Forest, New</p> + <p>Garden allotments, by Mr. Bailey</p> + <p>Glass, writing on, by M. Brunnquell</p> + <p>Gunnersbury Park</p> + <p>Hollyhocks, new</p> + <p>India, vegetable substances used in, for producing intoxication, by Dr. Gibson</p> + <p>Leaves, variegated, by M. Carrière</p> + <p>Mangosteens</p> + <p>Marigold, white</p> + <p>Mildew, Continental Vine</p> + <p>National Floricultural Society</p> + <p>Norton's (Captain) cartridge</p> + <p>Oak, the</p> + <p>Pig Breeding</p> + <p>Potato Crop, returns respecting the state of in Ireland</p> + <p>Pots, garden</p> + <p>Reaping machines</p> + <p>Roses, soil for</p> + <p>Sale of cattle at Tortworth</p> + <p>Sap, motion of, by Mr. Lovell</p> + <p>Sheep, Leicester breed of</p> + <p>Statistics, agricultural</p> + <p>Timber, woody fibre of</p> + <p>Trees, woody fibre of</p> + <p>—— movement of sap in, by Mr. Lovell</p> + <p>Vine mildew, Continental</p> + <p>Wheat crops, returns respecting the state of</p> + <p>—— growing of, without ploughing</p> + <p>—— after vetches</p> + <p>—— Lois Weedon culture of, by the Rev. S. Smith</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + + <p>THE GARDENER'S CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, + Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a condensed + account of all the transactions of the week</i>.</p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>PERSIAN BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS.</p> + + <p>FIRDOUSI'S SHAH NAMEH, by MURAN, 4 vols. royal 8vo., Calcutta, 1809, + hlf. calf, neat, 6<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i>—Timur Namah, Persian MS., + folio, yellow morocco extra, 5<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>—Ferheng + Jehangiry, with the Chattmeh, Persian MS., 2vols. folio, calf, 3<i>l.</i> + 3<i>s.</i>—Nizami's Works, a Superb Persian MS., stout folio, red + morocco, 16<i>l.</i>—Sold by</p> + + <p>BERNARD QUARITCH, Oriental Bookseller, 16. Castle Street, Leicester + Square.</p> + + <p>*** B. Q.'s Catalogue of Books in all the Languages of the World is + published Monthly, and is sent Gratis on Receipt of 12 Postage + Stamps.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>DAGUERROTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and + Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p> + + <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN's Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p>Price List Gratis.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>8vo., price 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>SOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest to + the end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of + Existing Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has + done for oil-painting—elucidated its history and traced its + progress in England by means of the records of expenses and mandates of + the successive Sovereigns of the realm—Mr. Hudson Turner has now + achieved for Domestic Architecture in this century during the twelfth and + thirteenth centuries."—<i>Architect.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of + the craft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the reader + of the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest details as well + as the discriminating judgement presiding over the general + arrangement."—<i>Morning Chronicle.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few + attempts that have been made in this country to treat this interesting + subject in anything more than a superficial manner.</p> + + <p>"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has + consequently laid before the reader much interesting information. It is a + book that was wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass of + works on Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we have + been deluged.</p> + + <p>"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the + more interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the + antiquary's library."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the + Squires and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth + centuries, that the leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication + will be found to consist.</p> + + <p>"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with + careful woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings by + Mr. Blore and Mr. Twopeny."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Now ready, price 21<i>s.</i> uniform with the above,</p> + + <p>THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. Vol. II.—THE + FOURTEENTH CENTURY. By the Editor of "The Glossary of Architecture."</p> + + <p>This volume is issued on the plan adopted by the late Mr. Hudson + Turner in the previous volume: viz., collecting matter relating to + Domestic buildings of the period, from cotemporary records, and applying + the information so acquired to the existing remains.</p> + + <p>Not only does the volume contain much curious information both as to + the buildings and manners and customs of the time, but it is also hoped + that the large collection of careful Engravings of the finest examples + will prove as serviceable to the profession and their employers in + building mansions, as the Glossary was found to be in building + churches.</p> + + <p>The Text is interspersed throughout with numerous woodcuts.</p> + + <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of + Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he + has had considerable experiences.</p> + + <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, September + 3, 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 201, +September 3, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 23023-h.htm or 23023-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/0/2/23023/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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