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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Official Views Of The World's Columbian
+Exposition, by C. D. Arnold and H. D. Higinbotham
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Official Views Of The World's Columbian Exposition
+
+Author: C. D. Arnold
+        H. D. Higinbotham
+
+Release Date: October 2, 2007 [EBook #22847]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Don Kostuch
+
+
+
+
+[Transcribers notes: A few images have been repaired where damage was
+obvious, such as specks on the original plate or voids in the printing
+process. A gamma correction of  0.8 has been applied to compensate for
+aging of the ink.
+
+The index has been moved from the back of the book to the front and
+linked to the named pages.
+
+The images shown are compressed to 600X400 to load quickly and fit on
+any computer screen. Click on the 1200 below the picture to see the
+1200X800 image. Click on 4800 or the image itself to see the original
+4800X3200 image and marvel at the detail of these 1893 photographs.
+Signs and flags are easily read. The only technical flaw is the long
+exposure to produce the crisp detail and depth of field. Occasionally
+the moving leg of a pedestrian is blurred. Find the man mowing the grass
+in plate 63. Click "Back" on your browser to return to this list.
+
+To see the full detail of the 4800X3200 image in your browser, turn off
+"Resize large images to fit" or "Enable automatic image resizing".
+
+Files names XXX.jpg are the original 600 DPI,  XXX_25.jpg are 25% of the
+original (150 DPI), and XXX_12 are 12% (75 DPI).
+
+Chapter V, "The World's Columbian Exposition" from Volume V of "History
+of the United States" by E. Benjamin Andrews (1905) is included to
+provide a contemporary description of the Exposition. ]
+
+
+
+
+OFFICIAL VIEWS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
+
+ISSUED BY THE
+
+DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+C. D. ARNOLD
+H. D. HIGINBOTHAM
+Official Photographers
+
+1893
+
+PRESS CHICAGO PHOTO-GRAVURE CO.
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+Scene                        Plate
+Administration Building      23, 25, 33
+Agricultural Building        18
+Arabian Village              112, 113, 114
+Austrian Exhibit             9
+Band Stand                   26
+Battle Ship "Illinois"       69
+Belgian Exhibit.             10
+Bell Telephone Exhibit       32
+Blarney Castle               93
+Brazilian Building           74
+Cafe de la Marine            52
+Cairo Street                 103
+Ceylon Building              79
+Chocolate Pavilion           14
+Choral Hall                  42
+Cliff Dwellers               90
+Colonnade                    20
+Columbian Fountain           24, 28
+Columbus' Caravels           85, 86
+Court of Honor               15, 115
+Dahomey Village              110
+Donegal Castle.              95
+Electricity Building         28, 29, 30, 31, 32
+Ferris Wheel                 91, 105
+Fine Arts Palace             59, 60, 61
+Fisheries Building           46, 53
+French Exhibit               10
+French Government Building   73
+General Views                4, 16, 17, 19, 21. 27, 28, 33,
+                             38, 44, 46, 48, 62, 66, 68, 97, 98
+German Government Building   72
+German Exhibits              8, 40, 87
+German Village               99, 100
+Government Buildings         54, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79
+Guatemala Building           78
+Hagenbeck's Arena            94
+Hayti Building               75
+Horticultural Building       43, 57
+Illinois Building            47
+Indian Pavilion              81
+Indians' Wigwams, etc.       88, 89
+Japanese Exhibits            49, 50, 51, 54, 55
+Johore Bungalow              101
+Krupp Building               87
+Lapland Village              111
+Manufactures and
+  Liberal Arts Building      1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
+                             10, 11, 21, 24, 56
+Machinery Hall               22, 24, 25
+Merchant Tailors Building    58
+Midway Views                 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101,
+                             102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,
+                             110, 111, 112, 113, 114
+Mines Building               34, 35
+Movable Sidewalk             83
+New South Wales Building     75
+New York Building            64
+Norwegian Exhibit            11
+Old Vienna                   106, 107, 108, 109
+Pennsylvania Building        65
+Peristyle                    12
+Peristyle and Quadriga       13
+Rabida Convent               84
+Russian Exhibit              7
+Samoan Village               96
+Spanish Building             72
+State Buildings              47, 63, 64, 65
+Swedish Building             75
+Terminal Station             36
+Tiffany and Gorham Exhibits  6
+Train of 1831                37
+Transportation Building      39, 40, 41
+Turkish Building             77
+Turkish Village              102, 104
+U. S. Government Building    54
+U. S. Life Saving Station    67
+Venezuela Building           76
+Venetian Boat                35
+Victoria House               71
+Viking Ship                  72
+Whaleback at Pier            88
+West Point Cadets Encampment 67
+Woman's Building             45, 40
+Wooded Island                52
+World's Congress of Beauty   98
+
+
+
+
+PLATE 1--MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 2--NORTHERN FACADE OF LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 3--LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING--WEST ENTRANCE.
+
+
+PLATE 4--BIRDS EYE VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST FROM LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 5--SOUTHWEST PAVILION OF LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 6--TIFFANY AND GORHAM EXHIBITS--MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 7--RUSSIAN EXHIBIT--MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 8--ENTRANCE TO GERMAN EXHIBIT--LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 9--AUSTRIAN EXHIBIT--MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 10--FRENCH AND BELGIAN SECTIONS--MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 11--NORWEGIAN EXHIBIT--MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 12--THE PERISTYLE.
+
+
+PLATE 13--PERISTYLE AND QUADRIGA.
+
+
+PLATE 14--A CHOCOLATE PAVILION.
+
+
+PLATE 15--THE COURT OF HONOR.
+
+
+PLATE 16--A VIEW NEAR THE PERISTYLE.
+
+
+PLATE 17--LOOKING WEST FROM PERISTYLE.
+
+
+PLATE 18--AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 19--GENERAL VIEW--LOOKING TOWARDS COLONNADE.
+
+
+PLATE 20--THE COLONNADE.
+
+
+PLATE 21--THE LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING FROM COLONNADE.
+
+
+PLATE 22--PALACE OF MECHANIC ARTS.
+
+
+PLATE 23--ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 24--THE COLUMBIAN FOUNTAIN.
+
+
+PLATE 25--SECTION OF PALACE OF MECHANIC ARTS
+AND ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 26--BAND STAND AT ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 27--VIEW FROM ELECTRICITY BUILDING--LOOKING SOUTHEAST.
+
+
+PLATE 28--ELECTRICITY BUILDING AND COLUMBIAN FOUNTAIN.
+
+
+PLATE 29--ELECTRICITY BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 30--INTERIOR OF ELECTRICITY BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 31--BASE OF ELECTRIC TOWER.--ELECTRICITY BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 32--BELL TELEPHONE EXHIBIT--ELECTRICITY BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 33--ADMINISTRATION BUILDING FROM WOODED ISLAND.
+
+
+PLATE 34--MINES BUILDING--FROM THE NORTH.
+
+
+PLATE 35--VENETIAN BOAT ON THE LAGOON
+AT NORTH ENTRANCE OF MINES BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 36--THE TERMINAL STATION.
+
+
+PLATE 37--FIRST TRAIN IN STATE OF NEW YORK,
+RUN ON THE MOHAWK & HUDSON R. R., 1831.
+
+
+PLATE 38--LOOKING NORTH FROM TERMINAL STATION.
+
+
+PLATE 39--TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 40--A GERMAN GATEWAY IN WROUGHT IRON--TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 41--THE GOLDEN DOOR, TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 42--CHORAL HALL.
+
+
+PLATE 43--HORTICULTURAL BUILDING FROM WOODED ISLAND.
+
+
+PLATE 44--LOOKING SOUTH FROM LOGGIA OF WOMAN'S BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 45--WOMAN'S BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 46--BRAZIL   SWEDEN   CAFE DE LA MARINE   FISHERIES
+LOOKING EAST FROM WOMAN'S BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 47--THE ILLINOIS BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 48--LOOKING WEST FROM CAFE DE LA MARINE.
+
+
+PLATE 49--VIEW OF JAPANESE TEA GARDEN--FROM LAGOON.
+
+
+PLATE 50--THE JAPANESE TEA GARDEN.
+
+
+PLATE 51--JAPANESE BOAT ON THE LAGOON.
+
+
+PLATE 52--CAFE DE LA MARINE.
+
+
+PLATE 53--FISHERIES BUILDING FROM WOODED ISLAND.
+
+
+PLATE 54--UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING AND JAPANESE HO-O-DEN.
+
+
+PLATE 55--THE JAPANESE HO-O-DEN.
+
+
+PLATE 56--LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING FROM WOODED ISLAND.
+
+
+PLATE 57--WOODED ISLAND NEAR HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 58--MERCHANT TAILORS BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 59--PALACE OF FINE ARTS.
+
+
+PLATE 60--PALACE OF FINE ARTS--SECTION OF SOUTH FRONT.
+
+
+PLATE 61--INTERIOR OF PALACE OF FINE ARTS.
+
+
+PLATE 62--FEEDING THE DUCKS.
+
+
+PLATE 63--AVENUE OF STATE BUILDINGS.
+
+
+PLATE 64--NEW YORK STATE BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 65--PENNSYLVANIA BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 66--LOOKING WEST FROM LIFE SAVING STATION.
+
+
+PLATE 67--UNITED STATES LIFE SAVING STATION.
+
+
+PLATE 68--ENCAMPMENT OF WEST POINT CADETS, GOVERNMENT PLAZA.
+
+
+PLATE 69--BATTLE SHIP "ILLINOIS."
+
+
+PLATE 70--THE VIKING SHIP.
+
+
+PLATE 71--GREAT BRITAIN, VICTORIA HOUSE.
+
+
+PLATE 72--BUILDINGS OF SPANISH AND GERMAN GOVERNMENTS.
+
+
+PLATE 73--GOVERNMENT BUILDING, FRANCE.
+
+
+PLATE 74--THE BRAZILIAN BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 75--GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, SWEDEN, HAYTI AND NEW SOUTH WALES.
+
+
+PLATE 76--GOVERNMENT BUILDING, VENEZUELA.
+
+
+PLATE 77--TURKISH BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 78--GUATEMALA BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 79--THE CEYLON BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 80--ON THE BEACH--EAST OF MANUFACTURES BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 81--THE INDIAN PAVILION.
+
+
+PLATE 82--WHALEBACK AT EXPOSITION PIER.
+
+
+PLATE 83--THE MOVING SIDEWALK ON PIER.
+
+
+PLATE 84--CONVENT OF LA RABIDA.
+
+
+PLATE 85--THE SANTA MARIA.
+
+
+PLATE 86--THE NINA AND PINTA.
+
+
+PLATE 87--THE KRUPP BUILDING.
+
+
+PLATE 88--BIRCHBARK WIGWAMS OF PENOBSCOT INDIANS.
+
+
+PLATE 89--HOUSES AND TOTEM POLES OF ALASKAN INDIANS.
+
+
+PLATE 90--THE CLIFF DWELLERS.
+
+
+PLATE 91--THE FERRIS WHEEL.
+
+
+PLATE 92--WORLD'S CONGRESS OF BEAUTY, ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 93--BLARNEY CASTLE, ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 94--HAGENBECK'S ARENA--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 95--DONEGAL CASTLE, ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 96--THE SAMOAN VILLAGE--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 97--THE MIDWAY, LOOKING WEST.
+
+
+PLATE 98--THE MIDWAY, FROM FERRIS WHEEL, LOOKING EAST.
+
+
+PLATE 99--ENTRANCE TO THE GERMAN VILLAGE, ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 100--GERMAN VILLAGE--MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 101--THE JOHORE BUNGALOW--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 102--IN THE TURKISH BAZAAR.
+
+
+PLATE 103--A MINARET IN THE CAIRO STREET--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 104--TURKISH LADIES IN TURKISH VILLAGE--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 105--FERRIS WHEEL--FROM THE WEST.
+
+
+PLATE 106--ENTRANCE TO OLD VIENNA--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 107--SAUSAGE VENDER--OLD VIENNA.
+
+
+PLATE 108--OLD VIENNA--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 109--EAST COURT IN OLD VIENNA.
+
+
+PLATE 110--DAHOMEY VILLAGE--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 111--THE LAPLAND VILLAGE--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 112--TYPES OF THE ARABIAN VILLAGE--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 113--SCENE AT ARABIAN VILLAGE--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 114--IN THE ARABIAN VILLAGE--ON THE MIDWAY.
+
+
+PLATE 115--COURT OF HONOR FROM ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.
+
+
+End of OFFICIAL VIEWS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
+
+
+
+Excerpt from "History of the United States".
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
+
+
+[Illustration: Parade.]
+Columbian Celebration, New York, April 28, 1893.
+Parade passing Fifth Avenue Hotel.
+
+The thought of celebrating by a world's fair the third centennial of
+Columbus's immortal deed anticipated the anniversary by several years.
+Congress organized the exposition so early as 1890, fixing Chicago as
+its seat. That city was commodious, central, typically American. A
+National Commission was appointed; also an Executive Committee, a Board
+of Reference and Control, a Chicago Local Board, and a Board of Lady
+Managers.
+
+The task of preparation was herculean. Jackson Park had to be changed
+from a dreary lakeside swamp into a lovely city, with roads, lawns,
+groves and flowers, canals, lagoons and bridges, a dozen palaces, and
+ten score other edifices. An army of workmen, also fire, police,
+ambulance, hospital, and miscellaneous service was organized.
+
+Wednesday, October 21 (Old Style, October 12), 1892, was observed as
+Columbus Day, marking the four hundredth anniversary of Columbus's
+discovery. A reception was held in the Chicago Auditorium, followed by
+dedication of the buildings and grounds at Jackson Park and an award of
+medals to artists and architects. Many cities held corresponding
+observances. New York chose October 12th for the anniversary.  On April
+26-28, 1893, again, the eastern metropolis was enlivened by grand
+parades honoring Columbus. In the naval display, April 22d, thirty-five
+war ships and more than 10,000 men of divers flags, took part.
+
+
+[Illustration: Three small ships.]
+   Pinta,    Santa Maria,    Nina,
+lying in the North River, New York.
+The caravels which crossed from Spain
+to be present at the World's Fair at Chicago.
+
+Between Columbus Day and the opening of the Exposition came the
+presidential election of 1892. Ex-President Cleveland had been nominated
+on the first ballot, in spite of the Hill delegation sent from his home
+State to oppose. Harrison, too, had overcome Platt, Hill's Republican
+counterpart in New York, and in Pennsylvania had preferred John
+Wanamaker to Quay. But Harrison was not "magnetic" like Blaine. With
+what politicians call the "boy" element of a party, he was especially
+weak. Stalwarts complained that he was ready to profit by their
+services, but abandoned them under fire. The circumstances connected
+with the civil service that so told against Cleveland four years before,
+now hurt Harrison equally. Though no doubt sincerely favoring reform, he
+had, like his predecessor, succumbed to the machine in more than one
+instance.
+
+The campaign was conducted in good humor and without personalities.
+Owing to Australian voting and to a more sensitive public opinion, the
+election was much purer than that of 1888. The Republicans defended
+McKinley protection, boasting of it as sure, among other things, to
+transfer the tin industry from Wales to America. Free sugar was also
+made prominent. Some cleavage was now manifest between East and West
+upon the tariff issue. In the West "reciprocity" was the Republican
+slogan; in the East, "protection." Near the Atlantic, Democrats
+contented themselves with advocacy of "freer raw materials "; those by
+the Mississippi denounced "Republican protection" as fraud and robbery.
+If the platform gave color to the charge that Democrats wished "British
+free trade," Mr. Cleveland's letter of acceptance was certainly
+conservative.
+
+Populism, emphasizing State aid to industry, particularly in behalf of
+the agricultural class, made great gains in the election. General Weaver
+was its presidential nominee. In Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, and Wyoming
+most Democrats voted for him. Partial fusion of the sort prevailed also
+in North Dakota, Nevada, Minnesota, and Oregon. Weaver carried all these
+States save the two last named. In Louisiana and Alabama Republicans
+fused with Populists. The Tillman movement in South Carolina, nominally
+Democratic, was akin to Populism, but was complicated with the color
+question, and later with novel liquor legislation. It was a revolt of
+the ordinary whites from the traditional dominance of the aristocracy.
+In Alabama a similar movement, led by Reuben F. Kolb, was defeated, as
+he thought, by vicious manipulation of votes in the Black Belt.
+
+
+[Illustration: Large building in the background, foot bridge in the
+foreground.]
+The Manufactures and liberal Arts Building, seen from the southwest.
+
+
+Of the total four hundred and forty-four electoral votes Cleveland
+received two hundred and seventy-seven, a plurality of one hundred and
+thirty-two. The Senate now held forty-four Democrats, thirty-seven
+Republicans, and four Populists; the House two hundred and sixteen
+Democrats, one hundred and twenty-five Republicans, and eleven
+Populists.
+
+Early on the opening day of the Exposition, May 1, 1893, the Chief
+Magistrate of the nation sat beside Columbus's descendant, the Duke of
+Veragua. Patient multitudes were waiting for the gates of Jackson Park
+to swing. "It only remains for you, Mr. President," said the
+Director-General, concluding his address, "if in your opinion the
+Exposition here presented is commensurate in dignity with what the world
+should expect of our great country, to direct that it shall be opened to
+the public. When you touch this magic key the ponderous machinery will
+start in its revolutions and the activity of the Exposition will begin."
+After a brief response Mr. Cleveland laid his finger on the key. A
+tumult of applause mingled with the jubilant melody of Handel's
+"Hallelujah Chorus." Myriad wheels revolved, waters gushed and sparkled,
+bells pealed and artillery thundered, while flags and gonfalons
+fluttered forth.
+
+The Exposition formed a huge quadrilateral upon the westerly shore of
+Lake Michigan, from whose waters one passed by the North Inlet into the
+North Pond, or by the South Inlet into the South Pond. These united with
+the central Grand Basin in the peerless Court of Honor. The grounds and
+buildings were of surpassing magnitude and splendor. Interesting but
+simple features were the village of States, the Nations' tabernacles,
+lying almost under the guns of the facsimile battleship Illinois, and
+the pigmy caravels, Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria, named and modelled
+after those that bore Columbus to the New World. These, like their
+originals, had fared from Spain across the Atlantic, and then had come
+by the St, Lawrence and the Lakes, without portage, to their moorings at
+Chicago.
+
+
+[Illustration: Large domed building.]
+Horticultural Building, with Illinois Building in the background.
+
+Near the centre of the ground stood the Government Building, with a
+ready-made look out of keeping with the other architecture. Critics
+declared it the only discordant note in the symphony, Looking from the
+Illinois Building across the North pond, one saw the Art Palace, of pure
+Ionic style, perfectly proportioned, restful to view, contesting with
+the Administration Building for the architectural laurels of the Fair.
+South of the Illinois Building rose the Woman's Building, and next
+Horticultural Hall, with dome high enough to shelter the tallest palms.
+The Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, of magnificent proportions,
+did not tyrannize over its neighbors, though thrice the size of St.
+Peter's at Rome, and able easily to have sheltered the Vendome Column.
+It was severely classical, with a long perspective of arches, broken
+only at the corners and in the centre by portals fit to immortalize
+Alexander's triumphs.
+
+The artistic jewel of the Exposition was the "Court of Honor." Down the
+Grand Basin you saw the noble statue of the Republic, in dazzling gold,
+with the peristyle beyond, a forest of columns surmounted by the
+Columbus quadriga. On the right hand stood the Agricultural Building,
+upon whose summit the "Diana" of Augustus St. Gaudens had alighted. To
+the left To the left stood the enormous Hall of Manufactures. Looking
+from the peristyle the eye met the Administration Building, a rare
+exemplification of the French school, the dome resembling that of the
+Hotel des lnvalides in Paris.
+
+
+[Illustration: Many pedestrians surrounded by large classical building.]
+A view toward the Peristyle from Machinery Hall.
+
+A most unique conception was the Cold Storage Building, where a hundred
+tons at ice were made daily. Save for the entrance, flanked by windows,
+and the fifth floor, designed for an ice skating rink, its walls were
+blank. Four corner towers set off the fifth, which rose from the centre
+sheer to a height of 225 feet.
+
+The cheering coolness of this building was destined not to last. Early
+in the afternoon of July 10th flames burst out from the top of the
+central tower. Delaying his departure until he had provided against
+explosion, the brave engineer barely saved his life. Firemen were soon
+on hand. Sixteen of them forthwith made their way to the balcony near
+the blazing summit. Suddenly their retreat was cut off by a burst of
+fire from the base of the tower. The rope and hose parted and
+precipitated a number who were sliding back to the roof. Others leaped
+from the colossal torch. In an instant, it seemed, the whole pyre was
+swathed in flames. As it toppled, the last wretched form was seen to
+poise and plunge with it into the glowing abyss.
+
+The Fisheries Building received much attention. Its pillars were twined
+with processions of aquatic creatures and surmounted by capitals
+quaintly resembling lobster-pots. Its balustrades were supported by
+small fishy caryatids.
+
+If wonder fatigued the visitor, he reached sequestered shade and quiet
+upon the Wooded Island, where nearly every variety of American tree and
+shrub might be seen.
+
+The Government's displays were of extreme interest. The War Department
+exhibits showed our superiority in heavy ordnance, likewise that of
+Europe in small arms. A first-class post-office was operated on the
+grounds. A combination postal car, manned by the most expert sorters and
+operators, interested vast crowds. Close by was an ancient mail coach
+once actually captured by the Indians, with effigies of the pony express
+formerly so familiar on the Western plains, of a mail sledge drawn by
+dogs, and of a mail carrier mounted on a bicycle. Models of a quaint
+little Mississippi mail steamer and of the ocean steamer Paris stood
+side by side.
+
+
+[Illustration: Two large domed buildings.]
+The Administration Building, seen from the Agricultural Building.
+
+
+Swarms visited the Midway Plaisance, a long avenue out from the fair
+grounds proper, lined with shows. Here were villages transported from
+the ends of the earth, animal shows, theatres, and bazaars. Cairo Street
+boasted 2,250,000 visitors, and the Hagenbeck Circus over 2,000,000. The
+chief feature was the Ferris Wheel, described in engineering terms as a
+cantilever bridge wrought around two enormous bicycle wheels. The axle,
+supported upon steel pyramids, alone weighed more than a locomotive. In
+cars strung upon its periphery passengers were swung from the ground far
+above the highest buildings.
+
+
+[Illustration: Several hundred guests.]
+Midway Plaisance, World's Fair, Chicago.
+
+Facilitating passenger transportation to and from the Fair remarkable
+railway achievements were made. One train from New York to Chicago
+covered over 48 miles an hour, including stops. In preparation for the
+event the Illinois Central raised its tracks for two and a half miles
+over thirteen city streets, built 300 special cars, and erected many new
+stations. These improvements cost over $2,000,000. The Fair increased
+Illinois Central traffic over 200 per cent.
+
+Save the Art Building, the structures at the Fair were designed to be
+temporary, and they were superfluous when the occasion which called them
+into being had passed. The question of disposing of them was summarily
+solved. One day some boys playing near the Terminal Station saw a
+sinister leer of flame inside. A high wind soon blew a conflagration,
+which enveloped the structures, leaving next day naught but ashes,
+tortured iron work, and here and there an arch, to tell of the regal
+White City that had been.
+
+
+[Illustration: Smoke pouring from a large building.]
+Electricity Building. Mines and Mining Building.
+The Burning of the White City.
+
+The financial backers of the Fair showed no mercenary temper. The
+architects, too, worked with public spirit and zeal which money never
+could have elicited. Notwithstanding the World's Fair was not
+financially a "success," this was rather to the credit of its unstinted
+magnificence than to the want of public appreciation. The paid
+admissions were over 21,000,000, a daily average of 120,000. The gross
+attendance exceeded by nearly a million the number at the Paris
+Exposition of 1889 for the corresponding period, though rather more than
+half a million below the total at the French capital. The monthly
+average at Chicago increased from 1,000,000 at first to 7,000,000 in
+October.
+
+The crowd was typical of the best side of American life; orderly,
+good-natured, intelligent, sober. The grounds were clean, and there was
+no ruffianism. Of the $32,988 worth of property reported stolen, $31,875
+was recovered and restored.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Official Views Of The World's
+Columbian Exposition, by C. D. Arnold and H. D. Higinbotham
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION ***
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