diff options
Diffstat (limited to '22834-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/22834-h.htm | 7794 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/1.png | bin | 0 -> 44991 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/10.png | bin | 0 -> 52178 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/100.png | bin | 0 -> 50665 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/101.png | bin | 0 -> 47353 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/102.png | bin | 0 -> 51189 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/103.png | bin | 0 -> 49366 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/104.png | bin | 0 -> 50257 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/105.png | bin | 0 -> 51654 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/106.png | bin | 0 -> 50686 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/107.png | bin | 0 -> 51381 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/108.png | bin | 0 -> 51924 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/109.png | bin | 0 -> 49340 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/11.png | bin | 0 -> 56051 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/110.png | bin | 0 -> 52445 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/111.png | bin | 0 -> 50709 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/112.png | bin | 0 -> 51880 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/113.png | bin | 0 -> 52456 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/114.png | bin | 0 -> 49117 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/115.png | bin | 0 -> 49589 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/116.png | bin | 0 -> 52460 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/117.png | bin | 0 -> 50576 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/118.png | bin | 0 -> 52311 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/119.png | bin | 0 -> 49958 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/12.png | bin | 0 -> 55995 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/120.png | bin | 0 -> 17581 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/121.png | bin | 0 -> 35361 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/122.png | bin | 0 -> 50882 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/123.png | bin | 0 -> 49746 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/124.png | bin | 0 -> 51104 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/125.png | bin | 0 -> 51921 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/126.png | bin | 0 -> 54535 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/127.png | bin | 0 -> 49801 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/128.png | bin | 0 -> 52325 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/129.png | bin | 0 -> 49742 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/13.png | bin | 0 -> 55734 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/130.png | bin | 0 -> 51718 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/131.png | bin | 0 -> 48306 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/132.png | bin | 0 -> 51037 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/133.png | bin | 0 -> 50211 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/134.png | bin | 0 -> 51928 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/135.png | bin | 0 -> 42330 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/136.png | bin | 0 -> 33276 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/137.png | bin | 0 -> 49561 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/138.png | bin | 0 -> 47043 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/139.png | bin | 0 -> 49112 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/14.png | bin | 0 -> 56479 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/140.png | bin | 0 -> 49208 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/141.png | bin | 0 -> 48869 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/142.png | bin | 0 -> 53847 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/143.png | bin | 0 -> 51559 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/144.png | bin | 0 -> 51908 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/145.png | bin | 0 -> 51689 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/146.png | bin | 0 -> 17102 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/147.png | bin | 0 -> 19620 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/148.png | bin | 0 -> 40653 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/149.png | bin | 0 -> 50591 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/15.png | bin | 0 -> 53369 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/150.png | bin | 0 -> 52773 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/151.png | bin | 0 -> 53628 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/152.png | bin | 0 -> 53062 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/153.png | bin | 0 -> 51176 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/154.png | bin | 0 -> 51085 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/155.png | bin | 0 -> 50762 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/156.png | bin | 0 -> 48120 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/157.png | bin | 0 -> 50345 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/158.png | bin | 0 -> 50913 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/159.png | bin | 0 -> 34060 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/16.png | bin | 0 -> 54899 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/160.png | bin | 0 -> 36278 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/161.png | bin | 0 -> 49057 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/162.png | bin | 0 -> 51735 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/163.png | bin | 0 -> 49817 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/164.png | bin | 0 -> 51012 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/165.png | bin | 0 -> 50952 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/166.png | bin | 0 -> 50566 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/167.png | bin | 0 -> 49036 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/168.png | bin | 0 -> 50200 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/169.png | bin | 0 -> 48458 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/17.png | bin | 0 -> 53118 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/170.png | bin | 0 -> 49074 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/171.png | bin | 0 -> 39527 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/172.png | bin | 0 -> 31599 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/173.png | bin | 0 -> 41957 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/174.png | bin | 0 -> 51173 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/175.png | bin | 0 -> 49375 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/176.png | bin | 0 -> 52884 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/177.png | bin | 0 -> 27183 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/18.png | bin | 0 -> 54739 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/19.png | bin | 0 -> 55156 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/2.png | bin | 0 -> 55483 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/20.png | bin | 0 -> 53181 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/21.png | bin | 0 -> 54886 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/22.png | bin | 0 -> 52532 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/23.png | bin | 0 -> 54086 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/24.png | bin | 0 -> 52851 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/25.png | bin | 0 -> 26879 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/26.png | bin | 0 -> 127 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/27.png | bin | 0 -> 36166 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/28.png | bin | 0 -> 43327 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/29.png | bin | 0 -> 54862 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/3.png | bin | 0 -> 54189 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/30.png | bin | 0 -> 54366 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/31.png | bin | 0 -> 53358 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/32.png | bin | 0 -> 51450 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/33.png | bin | 0 -> 60026 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/34.png | bin | 0 -> 51578 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/35.png | bin | 0 -> 54225 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/36.png | bin | 0 -> 51358 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/37.png | bin | 0 -> 44625 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/38.png | bin | 0 -> 51899 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/39.png | bin | 0 -> 54871 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/4.png | bin | 0 -> 54977 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/40.png | bin | 0 -> 53349 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/41.png | bin | 0 -> 65516 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/42.png | bin | 0 -> 49451 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/43.png | bin | 0 -> 54024 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/44.png | bin | 0 -> 49924 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/45.png | bin | 0 -> 52830 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/46.png | bin | 0 -> 50596 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/47.png | bin | 0 -> 52572 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/48.png | bin | 0 -> 50154 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/49.png | bin | 0 -> 53006 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/5.png | bin | 0 -> 54093 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/50.png | bin | 0 -> 51585 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/51.png | bin | 0 -> 53815 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/52.png | bin | 0 -> 53183 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/53.png | bin | 0 -> 54057 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/54.png | bin | 0 -> 55917 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/55.png | bin | 0 -> 52640 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/56.png | bin | 0 -> 49994 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/57.png | bin | 0 -> 55008 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/58.png | bin | 0 -> 50678 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/59.png | bin | 0 -> 55855 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/6.png | bin | 0 -> 54800 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/60.png | bin | 0 -> 51246 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/61.png | bin | 0 -> 50328 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/62.png | bin | 0 -> 55919 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/63.png | bin | 0 -> 53316 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/64.png | bin | 0 -> 50042 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/65.png | bin | 0 -> 56700 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/66.png | bin | 0 -> 50743 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/67.png | bin | 0 -> 50801 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/68.png | bin | 0 -> 58184 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/69.png | bin | 0 -> 54880 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/7.png | bin | 0 -> 53967 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/70.png | bin | 0 -> 51792 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/71.png | bin | 0 -> 53562 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/72.png | bin | 0 -> 50326 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/73.png | bin | 0 -> 60286 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/74.png | bin | 0 -> 58618 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/75.png | bin | 0 -> 52612 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/76.png | bin | 0 -> 50545 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/77.png | bin | 0 -> 51146 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/78.png | bin | 0 -> 51286 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/79.png | bin | 0 -> 51716 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/8.png | bin | 0 -> 55682 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/80.png | bin | 0 -> 54795 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/81.png | bin | 0 -> 53203 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/82.png | bin | 0 -> 43144 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/83.png | bin | 0 -> 40462 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/84.png | bin | 0 -> 42719 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/85.png | bin | 0 -> 33541 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/86.png | bin | 0 -> 23091 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/87.png | bin | 0 -> 25287 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/88.png | bin | 0 -> 37462 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/89.png | bin | 0 -> 25394 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/9.png | bin | 0 -> 55168 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/90.png | bin | 0 -> 127 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/91.png | bin | 0 -> 37954 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/92.png | bin | 0 -> 49248 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/93.png | bin | 0 -> 50246 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/94.png | bin | 0 -> 51587 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/95.png | bin | 0 -> 51031 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/96.png | bin | 0 -> 51753 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/97.png | bin | 0 -> 52712 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/98.png | bin | 0 -> 51031 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/99.png | bin | 0 -> 49922 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/i.png | bin | 0 -> 1901 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/ii.png | bin | 0 -> 127 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/iii.png | bin | 0 -> 13717 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/iv.png | bin | 0 -> 127 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/map-voyage.jpg | bin | 0 -> 1965443 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/map-voyage_th.jpg | bin | 0 -> 50371 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/v.png | bin | 0 -> 12603 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 22834-h/images/vi.png | bin | 0 -> 127 bytes |
186 files changed, 7794 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/22834-h/22834-h.htm b/22834-h/22834-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a6f471 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/22834-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,7794 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Voyage Of H.M.S. 'Pandora', by Edward Edwards and George Hamilton. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + /* kludge to get around brain dead IE not understanding CSS */ + div.centered {text-align: center;} + div.centered table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;} + img {border: none;} + .ctr {text-align: center;} + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; margin-left: 1em; + float: right; clear: right; margin-top: 1em; + font-size: smaller; background: #eeeeee; border: dashed 1px;} + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .right {text-align: right; margin-right: 5em;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.ihalf {display: block; margin-left: .5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + .poem span.i2half {display: block; margin-left: 2.5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em;} + ins.grk {border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: thin; text-decoration: none;} + ins.err {border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: thin; text-decoration: none;} + .tnote {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;} + ul.plain {list-style: none;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by +Edward Edwards and George Hamilton + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora + Despatched to Arrest the Mutineers of the 'Bounty' in the + South Seas, 1790-1791 + +Author: Edward Edwards + George Hamilton + +Commentator: Basil Thomson + +Release Date: October 2, 2007 [EBook #22834] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA *** + + + + +Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at +http://www.eBookForge.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i"></a>[<a href="./images/i.png">i</a>]</span></p> +<h1>VOYAGE OF H.M.S. 'PANDORA'</h1> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii"></a>[<a href="./images/ii.png">ii</a>]</span></p> +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii"></a>[<a href="./images/iii.png">iii</a>]</span></p> + +<h2>VOYAGE OF</h2> + +<h1>H.M.S. 'PANDORA'</h1> +<p> </p> +<h3>DESPATCHED TO ARREST THE MUTINEERS OF<br /> +THE 'BOUNTY' IN THE SOUTH SEAS, 1790-91</h3> + +<h4>BEING THE NARRATIVES OF</h4> +<p> </p> +<h2><span class="smcap">Captain</span> EDWARD EDWARDS, R.N.</h2> + +<h4>THE COMMANDER</h4> +<p> </p> +<h3>AND</h3> +<p> </p> +<h2>GEORGE HAMILTON</h2> + +<h4>THE SURGEON</h4> +<p> </p> +<h4>WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY</h4> + +<h3>BASIL THOMSON</h3> + +<p> </p> +<h4>LONDON</h4> +<h3>FRANCIS EDWARDS</h3> +<h4>83 HIGH STREET, MARYLEBONE</h4> +<h4>1915</h4> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv"></a>[<a href="./images/iv.png">iv</a>]</span></p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v"></a>[<a href="./images/v.png">v</a>]</span></p> + + +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table of Contents"> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">page</span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#INTRODUCTION"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#CAPTAIN_EDWARDS_REPORTS"><span class="smcap">Captain Edwards' Reports</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_VOYAGE_ROUND_THE_WORLD91-1"><span class="smcap">A Voyage Round the World</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>    <a href="#CHAP_II"><span class="smcap">Voyage from Otaheite to Anamooka</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>    <a href="#CHAP_III"><span class="smcap">Voyage from Anamooka, with an Account of the Loss of the <i>Pandora</i></span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>    <a href="#CHAP_IV"><span class="smcap">Voyage from the Wreck to the Island of Timor</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>    <a href="#CHAP_V"><span class="smcap">Occurrences at Coupang; Voyage to Batavia, Etc.; Arrival in England</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#INDEX"><span class="smcap">Index</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_173">173</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#MAP"><span class="smcap">Map of the Pacific Ocean, showing the course followed by H.M.S. <i>Pandora</i> in 1791</span></a></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi"></a>[<a href="./images/vi.png">vi</a>]</span></p> +<p> </p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a>[<a href="./images/1.png">1</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">None</span> of the minor incidents in our naval history has +inspired so many writers as the Mutiny of the <i>Bounty</i>. +Histories, biographies and romances, from Bligh's narrative +in 1790 to Mr. Becke's "Mutineers" in 1898, have been +founded upon it; Byron took it for the theme of the +least happy of his dramatic poems; and all these, not +because the mutiny left any mark upon history, but +because it ranks first among the stories of the sea, instinct +with the living elements of romance, of primal passion +and of tragedy—all moving to a happy ending in the +Arcadia of Pitcairn Island. And yet, while every incident +in the moving story, even to the evidence in the +famous court-martial, has been discussed over and over +again, there has been lying in the Record Office for more +than a century an autograph manuscript, written by one +of the principal actors in the drama, which no one has +thought it worth while to print.</p> + +<p>Though the story of the mutiny is too well known to +need repeating in detail, it is necessary to set forth as +briefly as possible its relation to the history of maritime +discovery in the Pacific. In the year 1787, ten years +after the death of Captain Cook in Hawaii, a number of +West India merchants in London, stirred by the glowing +reports of the natural wealth of the South Sea Islands +brought home by Dampier and Cook, petitioned the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a>[<a href="./images/2.png">2</a>]</span>government to acclimatize the bread-fruit in Jamaica. +A ship of 215 tons was purchased into the service and +fitted out under the direct superintendence of Sir Joseph +Banks, who named her the <i>Bounty</i>, and recommended +William Bligh, one of Cook's officers, for the command. It +was a new departure. The object of most of the earlier +government expeditions to the South Seas had been the +advancement of geographical science and natural history; +the voyage of the <i>Bounty</i> was to turn former discoveries +to the profit of the empire.</p> + +<p>Bligh was singularly ill-fitted for the command. While +he had undoubted ability, his whole career shows him to +have been wanting in the tact and temper without which +no one can successfully lead men; and in this venture +his own defects were aggravated by the inefficiency of his +officers. He took in his cargo of bread-fruit trees at +Tahiti, and there was no active insubordination until +he reached Tonga on the homeward voyage. At sunrise +on April 28th, 1789, the crew mutinied under the leadership +of Fletcher Christian, the Master's Mate, whom +Bligh's ungoverned temper had provoked beyond endurance. +The seamen had other motives. Bligh had kept +them far too long at Tahiti, and during the five months +they had spent at the island, every man had formed a +connection among the native women, and had enjoyed +a kind of life that contrasted sharply with the lot of +bluejackets a century ago. Forcing Bligh, and such of +their shipmates as were loyal to him, into the launch, +and casting them adrift with food and water barely +sufficient for a week's subsistence, they set the ship's +course eastward, crying "Huzza for Tahiti!" There +followed an open boat voyage that is unexampled in +maritime history. The boat was only 23 feet long; the +weight of eighteen men sank her almost to the gunwale; +the ocean before them was unknown, and teeming with +hidden dangers; their only arms against hostile natives<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a>[<a href="./images/3.png">3</a>]</span> +were a few cutlasses, their only food two ounces of biscuit +each a day; and yet they ran 3618 nautical miles in +forty-one days, and reached Timor with the loss of only +one man, and he was killed by the natives at the very +outset.</p> + +<p>The mutineers fared as mutineers have always fared. +Having sailed the ship to Tahiti, they fell out among +themselves, half taking the <i>Bounty</i> to the uninhabited +island of Pitcairn, where they were discovered +twenty-seven years later, and half remaining at Tahiti. +Of these two were murdered, four were drowned in the +wreck of the <i>Pandora</i>, three were hanged in England, +and six were pardoned, one living to become a post-captain +in the navy, another to be gunner on the <i>Blenheim</i> +when she foundered with Sir Thomas Troubridge.</p> + +<p>One boat voyage only is recorded as being longer than +Bligh's. In 1536 Diego Botelho Pereira made the passage +from Portuguese India to Lisbon in a native <i>fusta</i>, or +lateen rigged boat, but a little larger than Bligh's. He +had, however, covered her with a deck, and provisioned +her for the venture, and he was able to replenish his +stock at various points on the voyage.</p> + +<p>In 1790 the publication of Bligh's account of his +sufferings excited the strongest public sympathy, and the +Admiralty lost no time in fitting out an expedition to +search for the mutineers, and bring them home to punishment. +The <i>Pandora</i>, frigate, of 24 guns, was commissioned +for the purpose, and manned by 160 men, +composed largely of landsmen, for every trained seaman +in the navy had gone to man the great fleet then assembling +at Portsmouth under Lord Howe. Captain Edward +Edwards, the officer chosen for the command, had a high +reputation as a seaman and a disciplinarian, and from +the point of view of the Admiralty, who intended the cruise +simply as a police mission without any scientific object,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a>[<a href="./images/4.png">4</a>]</span> +no better choice could have been made. Their orders to +him were to proceed to Tahiti, and, not finding the +mutineers there, to visit the different groups of the +Society and Friendly Islands, and the others in the +neighbouring parts of the Pacific, using his best endeavours +to seize and bring home in confinement the +whole, or such part of the delinquents as he might be +able to discover. "You are," the orders ran, "to keep +the mutineers as closely confined as may preclude all +possibility of their escaping, having, however, proper +regard to the preservation of their lives, that they may +be brought home to undergo the punishment due to their +demerits." Edwards belonged to that useful class of +public servant that lives upon instructions. With a +roving commission in an ocean studded with undiscovered +islands the possibilities of scientific discovery were +immense, but he faced them like a blinkered horse that +has his eyes fixed on the narrow track before him, and +all the pleasant byways of the road shut out. A cold, +hard man, devoid of sympathy and imagination, of every +interest beyond the straitened limits of his profession, +Edwards in the eye of posterity was almost the worst +man that could have been chosen. For, with a different +commander, the voyage would have been one of the most +important in the history of South Sea discovery, and the +account he has written of it compares in style and colour +with a log-book.</p> + +<p>In Edwards' place a more genial man, a Catoira, a +Wallis, or a Cook, would have written a journal of discovery +that might have taken a place in the front rank +of the literature of travel. He would have investigated +the murder of La Pérouse's boat's crew in Tutuila on the +spot; he would have rescued the survivors of that ill-fated +expedition whose smoke-signals he saw on Vanikoro; +he would have brought home news of the great Fiji group<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a>[<a href="./images/5.png">5</a>]</span> +through which Bligh passed in the <i>Bounty's</i> launch; he +might even have discovered Fletcher Christian's colony of +mutineers in Pitcairn. But, on the other hand, humanity +to his prisoners might have furnished them with the means +of escape, and his ardour for discovery might have led +him into dangers from which no one would have survived +to tell the tale. Edwards had the qualities of his defects. +If he treated his prisoners harshly, he prevented them from +contaminating his crew, and brought the majority of them +home alive through all the perils of shipwreck and famine. +In all the attacks that have been made upon him there is +not a word against his character as a plain, straight-forward +officer, who could lick a crew of landsmen into +shape, and keep them loyal to him through the stress of +shipwreck and privation. If he was callous to the sufferings +of his prisoners, he was at least as indifferent to his +own. If he felt no sympathy with others, he asked for +none with himself. If he won no love, he compelled +respect.</p> + +<p>Of his officers little need be said. Corner, the first +lieutenant, was a stout seaman, who bottled up his disapproval +of his captain's behaviour until the commission +was out. Hayward, the second lieutenant, was a time-server. +He had been a midshipman on the <i>Bounty</i> at the +time of the mutiny, and an intimate friend of young Peter +Heywood who was constrained to cast in his lot with the +mutineers, yet, when Heywood gave himself up on the +arrival of the <i>Pandora</i> at Tahiti, his old comrade, now +risen in the world, received him with a haughty stare. +Of Larkin, Passmore, and the rest, we know nothing.</p> + +<p>Fortunately for us, the <i>Pandora</i> carried a certain rollicking, +irresponsible person as surgeon. George Hamilton +has been called "a coarse, vulgar, and illiterate man, more +disposed to relate licentious scenes and adventures, in +which he and his companions were engaged, than to give<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a>[<a href="./images/6.png">6</a>]</span> +any information of proceedings and occurrences connected +with the main object of the voyage." From this puritanical +criticism most readers will dissent. Hamilton was +bred in Northumberland, and was at this time past forty. +His portrait, the frontispiece to his book, represents him +in the laced coat and powdered wig of the period, a man +of middle age, with clever, well-cut features, and a large, +humorous, and rather sensual mouth. His book, with all +its faults of scandalous plain speech, is one that few naval +surgeons of that day could have written. The style, +though flippant, is remarkable for a cynical but always +good-natured humour, and on the rare occasions when he +thought it professionally incumbent on him to be serious, +as in his discussion of the best dietary for long voyages, +and the physical effects of privations, his remarks display +observation and good sense. It must be admitted, I fear, +that he relates certain of his own and his shipmates' +adventures ashore with shameless gusto, but he wrote in +an age that loved plain speech, and that did not care to +veil its appetite for licence. Like Edwards, he tells us +little of the prisoners after they were consigned to "Pandora's +Box." His narrative is valuable as a commentary +on Edwards' somewhat meagre report, and for the sidelights +which it throws upon the manners of naval officers +of those days. Even Edwards, to whom he is always +loyal, does not escape his little shaft of satire when he +relates how the stern captain was driven to conduct +prayers in the most desperate portion of the boat voyage. +His book, published at Berwick in 1793, has now become +so rare that Mr. Quaritch lately advertised for it three +times without success, and therefore no excuse is needed +for reprinting it.</p> + +<p>The <i>Pandora</i> was dogged by ill luck from the first. An +epidemic fever raging in England at the time of her +departure, was introduced on board, it was thought, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a>[<a href="./images/7.png">7</a>]</span> +infected clothing. The sick bay, and indeed, the officers' +cabins, too, were crammed with stores intended for the +return voyage of the <i>Bounty</i>, and there was no accommodation +for the sick. Hamilton attributes their recovery +to the use of tea and sugar, then carried for the first time +in a ship of war. He gives some interesting information +regarding the precautions taken against scurvy. They had +essence of malt and hops for brewing beer, a mill for grinding +wheat, the meal being eaten with brown sugar, and as +much saurkraut as the crew chose to eat.</p> + +<p>The first land sighted after rounding Cape Horn, was +Ducie's island; probably the same island which, as the +Encarnacion of Quiros, has dodged about the charts of +the old geographers, swelling into a continent, contracting +into an atoll, and finally coming to rest in the +neighbourhood of the Solomon Islands before vanishing +for ever. The <i>Pandora</i> was now in the latitude of Pitcairn, +which lay down wind only three hundred miles distant. +If she had but kept a westerly course, she must +have sighted it, for the island's peak is visible for many +leagues, but relentless ill fortune turned her northward, +and during the ensuing day she passed the men she was +in search of scarce thirty leagues away. One glimmer of +good fortune awaited Edwards in Tahiti. The schooner +built by the mutineers was ready for sea, but not provisioned +for a voyage. She put to sea, and outsailed the +<i>Pandora's</i> boat that went in chase of her, but her crew, +dreading the inevitable starvation that faced them, put +back during the night and took to the mountains, where +they were all captured.</p> + +<p>In the matter of "Pandora's Box," there were excuses +for Edwards, who was bitterly attacked afterwards for his +inhumanity. One of the chiefs had warned him that there +was a plot between the natives and the mutineers to cut +the cable of the <i>Pandora</i> in the night. Most of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a>[<a href="./images/8.png">8</a>]</span> +mutineers were connected through their women with +influential chiefs, and nothing was more likely than that +such a rescue should be attempted. His own crew, moreover, +were human. They could see for themselves the +charms of a life in Tahiti; they could hear from the +prisoners the consideration in which Englishmen were held +in this delightful land. What had been possible in the +<i>Bounty</i> was possible in the <i>Pandora</i>. Edwards regarded his +prisoners as pirates, desperate with the weight of the rope +about their necks. His orders were definite—to consider +nothing but the preservation of their lives—and he did +his duty in his own way according to his lights. And that +he was not insensible to every feeling of humanity is +shown by the fact that he allowed the native wives of the +mutineers daily access to their husbands while the ship +lay there. The infinitely pathetic story of poor "Peggy," +the beautiful Tahitian girl who had borne a child to midshipman +Stewart, was vouched for six years later by the +missionaries of the "Duff." She had to be separated +from her husband by force, and it was at his request that +she was not again admitted to the ship. Poor girl! it +was all her life to her. A month before her boy-husband +perished in the wreck of the <i>Pandora</i>, she had died of a +broken heart, leaving her baby, the first half-caste born +in Tahiti, to be brought up by the missionaries.</p> + +<p>"Pandora's Box" certainly needed some excuse. A +round house, eleven feet long, accessible only through a +scuttle in the roof, was built upon the quarter deck as a +prison for the fourteen mutineers, who were ironed and +handcuffed. Hamilton says that the roundhouse was +built partly out of consideration for the prisoners themselves, +in order to spare them the horrors of prolonged +imprisonment below in the tropics, and that although the +service regulations restricted prisoners to two-thirds allowance, +Edwards rationed them exactly like the ship's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a>[<a href="./images/9.png">9</a>]</span> +company. Morrison, however, who seems to have +belonged to that objectionable class of seamen—the +sea-lawyer—having kept a journal of grievances against +Bligh when on the <i>Bounty</i>, and preserved it even in +"Pandora's Box," gives a very different account, and +Peter Heywood, a far more trustworthy witness, declared +in a letter to his mother, that they were kept "with both +hands and both legs in irons, and were obliged to eat, +drink, sleep, and obey the calls of nature, without ever +being allowed to get out of this den."</p> + +<p>Edwards now provisioned the mutineers' little schooner, +and put on board of her a prize crew of two petty officers +and seven men to navigate her as his tender. For the +first few weeks, while the scent was keen, he maintained +a very active search for the <i>Bounty</i>. He had three clues: +first, the mention of Aitutaki in a story the mutineers had +told the natives to account for their reappearance; +second, a report made to him by Hillbrant, one of his +prisoners, that Christian, on the night before he left +Tahiti, had declared his intention of settling on Duke of +York's Island; and third, the discovery on Palmerston +Island of the <i>Bounty's</i> driver yard, much worm-eaten from +long immersion. It must be confessed that hopes founded +on these clues did little credit to Edwards' intelligence. +Aitutaki, having been discovered by Bligh, was the last +place Christian would have chosen: he might have +guessed that a man of Christian's intelligence would +intentionally have given a false account of his projects +to the mutineers he left behind, knowing that even if all +who were set adrift in the boat had perished, the story of +the mutiny would be learned by the first ship that visited +Tahiti; a worm-eaten spar lying on the tide-mark, at an +island situated directly down-wind from the Society +Islands, so far from proving that the <i>Bounty</i> had been +there, indicated the exact contrary. But it is to be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a>[<a href="./images/10.png">10</a>]</span> +remembered that at this time the islands known to exist +in the Pacific could almost be counted on the fingers, and +that Edwards could not have hoped, within the limits of +a single cruise, to examine even the half of those that +were marked in his chart. Had he suspected the existence +of the vast number of islands around him, he would at +once have realised the hopelessness of attempting to discover +the hiding-place of an able navigator bent on concealment. +Whether, as has been suggested by one writer,<a name="FNanchor_10-1" id="FNanchor_10-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_10-1" class="fnanchor">[10-1]</a> +Christian was piloted to Pitcairn by his Tahitian companions, +of whom some were descended from the old +native inhabitants, or had read of it in Carteret's voyage +in 1767, or had chanced upon it by accident, he could have +followed no wiser course than to steer eastward, and upwind, +for any vessel despatched to arrest him would +perforce go first to Tahiti for information, when it would +be too late to beat to the eastward without immense loss +of time.</p> + +<p>From Aitutaki Edwards bore north-west to investigate +the second clue, and in the Union Group he made his first +important discovery of new land—Nukunono, inhabited +by a branch of the Micronesian race, crossed with Polynesian +blood. From thence he ran southward to Samoa, +where he came upon traces of the massacre of La Pérouse's +second in command, M. de Langle, in the shape of accoutrements +cut from the uniforms of the French officers. +Consistent with his usual concentration upon the object +of his voyage, he does not seem to have cared to make +enquiries about them.</p> + +<p>At this stage in the voyage there occurred an accident +which, from our point of view, must be regarded as the +most fortunate incident of the voyage. The tender, very +imperfectly victualled, parted company in a thick shower +of rain. At this date Fiji, the most important group in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a>[<a href="./images/11.png">11</a>]</span> +the South Pacific, was practically unknown. Tasman had +sighted its north-eastern extremity: Cook had discovered +Vatoa, an outlying island in the far southward, and had +heard of it from the Tongans in his second voyage when he +had not time to look for it; Bligh had passed through the +heart of it in his boat voyage, and had even been chased +by two canoes from Round Island, Yasawa; but no European +had landed or held any intercourse with the natives. +It is not easy to understand how islands of such magnitude +as Fiji should have remained undiscovered so long after +every other important group in the Pacific had found its +place in the charts of the Pacific. They were known by +repute; Hamilton writes of "the savage and cannibal +Feegees"; they lay but two days' sail down-wind from +Tonga. Three years before the <i>Pandora's</i> cruise the Pacific +had been thrown open to the sperm whale fishery, which +has had so large a part in South Sea discovery, by the +cruise of the English ship <i>Amelia</i>, fitted out by Enderby; +and yet neither ship of war nor whaler had chanced upon +them. But for a meagre passage in Edwards' journal, and +a traditionary poem in the Fijian language, we should not +know to whom belongs the honour of first visiting them. +The native tradition sets forth that with the first visit of +a European ship a devastating sickness, called the Great +Lila, or "Wasting Sickness," attacked the people of one +of the Eastern Islands (of the Lau group), and, spreading +from island to island, swept away vast numbers of the +people. There are, it may be remarked, innumerable +instances in history of the contact between continental and +island peoples, both of them healthy at the time of contact, +producing fatal epidemics among the islanders. Even +among our own Hebrides the natives are said to look for +an outbreak of "Strangers' Cold" after every visit of a +ship. The Fijian tradition certainly dates from a few +years before the beginning of the last century.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a>[<a href="./images/12.png">12</a>]</span> +The real discoverers of Fiji seem to have been Oliver, +master's mate; Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds, +quartermaster, and six seamen of the <i>Pandora</i>, who formed +the crew of Edwards' tender; and surely no ship that ever +ventured among those dangerous islands was so ill furnished +for repelling attack. Edwards had sent provisions and ammunition +on board of her when off Palmerston Island, but +by this time they were exhausted, and a fresh supply was +actually on the <i>Pandora's</i> deck when she parted company. +Her provision for the long and dangerous voyage before +her was a bag of salt, a bag of nails and ironware, a +boarding netting, and several seven-barrelled pieces and +blunderbusses. She had besides the latitude and longitude +of the places the <i>Pandora</i> would touch at.</p> + +<p>The following account of their cruise is drawn from the +remarks of Edwards and Hamilton on finding the tender +safe in Samarang, for I have searched the Record Office +in vain for Oliver's log. If he kept any, it was not thought +worth preserving. On the night the tender parted company, +the 22nd June, 1791, the natives of the south-east +end of Upolu made a determined attack upon the little +vessel with their canoes. The seven-barrelled pieces made +terrible havoc among them, but, never having seen fire-arms, +and not understanding the connection between the +fall of their comrades and the report, they kept up the +attack with great fury. But for the boarding netting they +would easily have taken the schooner, and indeed, one +fellow succeeded in springing over it, and would have felled +Oliver with his club had he not been shot dead at the +moment of striking. On the 23rd they cruised about in +search of the <i>Pandora</i> until the afternoon when, having +drunk their last drop of water, they gave her up, and made +sail for Namuka, the appointed rendezvous. The torture +they suffered from thirst on the passage was such that +poor Renouard, the midshipman, became delirious, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a>[<a href="./images/13.png">13</a>]</span> +continued so for many weeks. Their leeway and the +easterly current combined to set them to the westward +of Namuka, and the first land they made was <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Tofua'">Tofoa</ins>, +which they mistook for Namuka, their rendezvous. The +natives, the same that had attacked Bligh so treacherously +two years before, sold them provisions and water, and +then made an attempt to take the vessel, and would have +succeeded but for the fire-arms. On the very day of the +attack the <i>Pandora</i> dropped anchor at Namuka, within +sight of Tofoa, and not finding her tender, bore down upon +that island. Had Oliver been able to wait there for her, +his troubles would have been at an end. But he dared +not take the risk, and when Edwards sent a boat ashore +to make enquiries the little schooner had sailed. The +reception accorded to Edwards at Tofoa is very characteristic +of the Tongans. Lieutenant Hayward, who had +been present at the attack made upon Bligh, recognised +several of the murderers of Norton among the people who +crowded on board to do homage to the great chief, Fatafehi, +who had taken passage in the frigate, but Edwards +dared not punish them for fear that his tender should +fall among them after he had left. Had he but known +that these men had come red-handed from a treacherous +attack upon the tender; that Fatafehi, who so loudly +condemned their treachery to Bligh, and assured him +that nothing had been seen of the little vessel, had just +heard of the abortive attack they had made upon her, he +would have taught them a lesson that would have lasted +the Tongans many years, and might have saved the lives +of the Europeans who perished in the taking of the +<i>Port-au-Prince</i> and the <i>Duke of Portland</i>. For these +"Norsemen of the Pacific," whom Cook, knowing nothing +of the treachery they had planned against him under the +guise of hospitality, misnamed the "Friendly Islanders," +were, in reality, a nation of wreckers.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a>[<a href="./images/14.png">14</a>]</span> +Leaving Tofoa about July 1st, the schooner ran westward +for two days "nearly in its latitude," and fell in +with an island which Edwards supposed to be one of the +Fiji group. The island of the Fiji group that lies most +nearly in the latitude of Tofoa is Vatoa, discovered by +Cook, but there are strong reasons for seeking Oliver's +discoveries elsewhere. Vatoa lies only 170 miles from +Tofoa, and, therefore, if Oliver took two days in reaching +it, he cannot have been running at more than three knots +an hour. But, early in July, the south-east trade wind +is at its strongest, and with a fair wind a fast sailer, as +we know the schooner to have been, cannot have been +travelling at a slower rate than six knots. We are further +told that Oliver waited five weeks at the island, and +took in provisions and water. Now, in July, which is +the middle of the dry season, no water is to be found on +Vatoa except a little muddy and fetid liquid at the bottom +of shallow wells which the natives, who rely upon coconuts +for drinking water, only use for cooking. Provisions +also are very scarce there at all times. The same objections +apply to Ongea and Fulanga which lie fifty miles +north of Vatoa, in the same longitude, though they +certainly possess harbours in which a vessel could lie +for five weeks, which Vatoa does not. If, however, the +schooner ran at the rate of six knots, as may safely be +assumed, all difficulties, except that of latitude, vanish +together, for at the distance of 290 nautical miles from +Tofoa lies Matuku, which with much justification has been +described by Wilkes as the most beautiful of all the islands +in the Pacific. There the natives live in perpetual plenty +among perennial streams, and could victual the largest +ship without feeling any diminution of their stock. In +the harbour three frigates could lie in perfect safety, and +the people have earned a reputation for honesty and +hospitality to passing ships which belongs to the inhabi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a>[<a href="./images/15.png">15</a>]</span>tants +of none of the large islands. There is another +alternative—Kandavu—but to reach that island, the +schooner must have run at an average of eleven knots, +and the number and cupidity of the natives would have +made a stay of five weeks impossible to a vessel so poorly +manned and armed.</p> + +<p>All these considerations point to the fact that Oliver lay +for five weeks at Matuku, which lies but fifty miles north +of the latitude of Tofoa. He was, therefore, the first +European who had intercourse with the Fijians. Their +traditions have never been collected, and if one be found +recording the insignificant details so dear to the native +poet, such as the boarding netting, or the sickness of +Midshipman Renouard, or better still, the outbreak of the +Great Lila Sickness, the inference may be taken as +proved.</p> + +<p>Any other navigator than Edwards would have given +us details of Oliver's wonderful voyage, or, at least, would +have preserved his log, but the voyage from Fiji to the +Great Barrier reef is a blank. Hamilton, indeed, alludes +vaguely to the crew having had to be on their guard "at +other islands that were inhabited," and since their course +from Fiji to Endeavour Straits would have carried them +through the heart of the New Hebrides, and close to +Malicolo, we may assume that they called at Api, at +Ambrym or at Malicolo to replenish their stock of water. +They reached the Great Barrier reef in the greatest distress, +and having run "from shore to shore," <i>i.e.</i> from +New Guinea to within sight of the coast of Queensland +without finding an opening, and having to choose between +the alternatives of shipwreck or of death by famine, they +went boldly at it, and beat over the reef. Even then they +would have starved but for their providential encounter +with a small Dutch vessel cruising a little to the westward +of Endeavour Straits, which supplied them with water<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a>[<a href="./images/16.png">16</a>]</span> +and provisions. The governor of the first Dutch settlement +they touched at, having a description of the mutineers +from the British Government, and observing that +their schooner was built of foreign timber, refused to +believe their account of themselves, especially as Oliver, +being a petty officer, could produce no commission or +warrant in support of his statement, and imprisoned them +all, without, however, treating them with harshness. On +the first opportunity he sent them to Samarang, where +Edwards had them released. The plucky little schooner +was sold, to begin another career of usefulness as set +forth in the footnote to <a href="#Footnote_33-1">p. 33</a>, and her purchase money +was divided among the <i>Pandora's</i> crew.</p> + +<p>Thus ended one of the most eventful voyages in the +history of South Sea discovery, dismissed by Edwards +in a few lines; by Hamilton in two pages. The search +made among the naval archives at the Record Office +leaves but little hope that any log-book or journal has +been preserved.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile, Edwards, disappointed in his search for the +tender at Namuka and Tofoa, and prevented by a head +wind from examining Tongatabu, set his course again for +Samoa, and passed within sight of Vavau by the way. +Making the easterly extremity of the group, he visited in +turn Manua, Tutuila, and Upolu, but, like Bougainville, did +not sight Savaii, which lay a little to the northward of +his course. It is not surprising that the natives of Upolu +denied all knowledge of the tender, seeing that they had +made a determined attempt upon her less than a month +before. From Samoa he sailed to Vavau which he named +Howe's Group, in ignorance that it had been discovered +by Maurelle ten years before, and subsequently visited by +La Pérouse. Running southward, he made Pylstaart, at +that time inhabited by Tongan castaways, and the fact +that he did not stop to examine it, although he saw by the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a>[<a href="./images/17.png">17</a>]</span> +smoke that it was inhabited, shows that he had begun to +tire of his search for the mutineers. Having enquired +at Tongatabu and Eua, he returned to Namuka for +water, and at this point any systematic search either +for the tender or the mutineers seems to have been +abandoned.</p> + +<p>Edwards had now been nine months at sea, and the prospect +of the long homeward voyage round the Cape was still +before him. With every league he had sailed westward +the scent had grown fainter, and he was about to pass +the spot from which the mutineers were known to have +sailed in the opposite direction. His course is not easy +to explain. To reason that the tender had fallen to leeward +of her rendezvous, and had been compelled to seek +shelter and provisions at one of the islands discovered by +Bligh only two days' sail to the westward, required no high +degree of foresight; and yet Edwards, who must have +known the position of the Fiji islands from Bligh's narrative, +deliberately set his course for Niuatobutabu, two +days' sail to the north-west. But, falling to leeward of it, +he made Niuafo'ou, the curious volcanic island discovered +by Schouten in 1616, and never since visited. The prevailing +wind making a visit to Niuatobutabu now impossible, +he visited Wallis Island, and then bore away to +the west.</p> + +<p>On August 8th, 1791, he made the discovery of Rotuma, +whose enterprising people now furnish the Torres Straits +pearl fishery with its best divers. It is difficult to forgive +him for leaving so meagre an account of this interesting +little community of mixed Polynesian and Micronesian +blood. Edwards was probably mistaken in thinking their +intentions hostile. Kau Moala, a Tongan who visited +them in 1807, and related his experiences to Mariner, +describes them as always friendly to strangers. Probably +they took the <i>Pandora</i> for a god-ship, and since the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a>[<a href="./images/18.png">18</a>]</span> +Immortals of their Pantheon are generally malevolent, they +left their women behind, and flourished weapons to scare +the gods into good behaviour. In 1807 they had forgotten +the visit, perhaps because it had brought them no calamity +to inspire the native poets. Hamilton relates an incident +quite in keeping with the character of this determined and +sturdy little people. "One fellow was making off with +some booty, but was detected; and although five of the +stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and had +fast hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered +them all, and jumped overboard with his prize."</p> + +<p>The ill fortune that pursued Edwards, that had baulked +him of Pitcairn when it lay within a few hours' sail, that +had cheated him at once of the recovery of his tender and +the discovery of Fiji, and was soon to rob him of his ship, +now dealt him the unkindest cut of all. On August 13th, +he sighted the island of Vanikoro, and ran along its shore, +sometimes within a mile of the reef. There was no conceivable +reason why he should not have made some attempt +to communicate with the inhabitants whose smoke signals +attracted his attention. Had he done so, he would have +been the means of rescuing the survivors of La Pérouse's +expedition, and of clearing away the mystery that covered +their fate for so many years. For, after Dillon's discoveries, +there can be little doubt that they were on the +island at that very time, and it is not unlikely that the +smoke was actually a signal made by them to attract his +attention. The Comte de la Pérouse, who had been +despatched on a voyage of discovery by Louis XVI. on +the eve of the Revolution, handed his journals to Governor +Phillip in Botany Bay for transmission to Europe in 1788, +and neither he, nor his two frigates, nor any of their +company were ever seen again. Their fate produced so +painful an impression in France that the National Assembly, +then in the throes of the Revolution, sent out a relief<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a>[<a href="./images/19.png">19</a>]</span> +expedition under "Citizen-admiral" d'Entrecasteaux, and +issued a splendid edition of his journals at the public +expense. We now know from the native account elicited +by Dillon that during a hurricane on a very dark night +both frigates struck on the reef of Vanikoro, that the +<i>Astrolabe</i> foundered with all hands in deep water, and the +crew of the <i>Boussole</i> got safe to land. They stayed on the +island until they had built a brig of native timber, in +which they sailed away to the westward to meet a second +shipwreck, perhaps on the Great Barrier reef. But two +of them stayed behind for many years, and of these one +was certainly alive in 1825. Now, Edwards saw Vanikoro +just three years after the wreck, and even if the brig had +sailed, there were two castaways who could have cleared +up the mystery.</p> + +<p>After a narrow escape from shipwreck on the Indispensable +Reef, he made the coast of New Guinea, supposing +it to be one of the Louisiades. And here has occurred one +of those curious errors in geographical nomenclature which +are perpetuated by the most permanent of all histories—the +Admiralty charts. Edwards gives the positions of two +conspicuous headlands, which he named Cape Rodney and +Cape Hood, and of a mountain lying between them which +he called Mount Clarence. All these names appear in the +Admiralty charts, but they are assigned to the wrong +places. To a ship coming from the eastward the Cape +Rodney of the charts is not conspicuous enough to have +attracted Edwards' attention. The Cape Hood of the +charts, on the contrary, cannot be mistaken, and it lies +exactly in the position which Edwards gave for Cape +Rodney. The "Cape Hood" that Edwards saw was +undoubtedly Round Head, and his Mount Clarence must +have been the high cone between them in the Saroa district. +The <i>Pandora</i> must have approached on one of those +misty mornings when the clouds creep down the mountain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a>[<a href="./images/20.png">20</a>]</span> +sides of New Guinea, and obscure the ranges that rise, +tier upon tier, right up to the towering peak of Mount +Victoria, or Edwards could not have mistaken the continent +for the insignificant islands of the Louisiades. On +such a morning a narrow line of coast stands out clear +against a background of sombre fog.</p> + +<p>The baleful fortune of the <i>Pandora</i>, now folded her +wings and perched upon the taffrail. By hugging the +coast of New Guinea she would have won a clear passage +through these wreck-strewn straits of Torres, but the +navigators of those days counted on clear water to +Endeavour Straits, and recked little of the dangers of the +Great Barrier reef. Bligh, who chanced upon a passage +in 12.34 S. Lat. so aptly that he called it "Providential +Channel," cautioned future navigators in words that +should have warned Edwards against the course he was +steering. "These, however, are marks too small for a +ship to hit, unless it can hereafter be ascertained that +passages through the reef are numerous along the coast." +Edwards was not looking for Bligh's passage, which lay +more than two degrees southward of his course. He +had lately adopted a most dangerous practice of running +blindly on through the night. Until he made the coast of +New Guinea, he had profited by the warning of Bougainville, +the only navigator whose book he seems to have +studied, and always lay to till daylight, but now, in the +most dangerous sea in the world, he threw this obvious +precaution to the wind. Hamilton, to whom we are +indebted for this information (for it did not transpire at +the court martial) says that "the great length of the +voyage would not permit it." How fatuous a proceeding +it was in unsurveyed and unknown waters may be judged +from the fact that in coral seas that have been carefully +surveyed all ships of war are now compelled to keep the +lead going whenever they move in coral waters. On<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a>[<a href="./images/21.png">21</a>]</span> +August 25th he discovered the Murray Islands, and, after +spending the day in a vain attempt to force a passage +through them, he followed the reef southward for two +days without finding a passage. This must have brought +him very near the latitude of Bligh's passage. On the +morning of August 28th Lieut. Corner was sent to examine +what appeared to be a channel, and an hour before dark +he signalled that he had found a passage large enough for +the ship. The night fell before the boat could get back, +and this induced Edwards, who had already lost one boat's +crew and his tender, to lie much closer to the reef than was +prudent. The current did the rest. About seven the +ship struck heavily, and, bumping over the reef, tore her +planking so that, despite eleven hours incessant pumping, +she foundered shortly after daylight. Eighty-nine of the +ship's company and ten of the mutineers were picked up +by the boats and landed on a sand cay four miles distant, +and thirty-one sailors, and four mutineers (who went +down in manacles) were drowned.</p> + +<p>Having read the different versions of this affair both +for and against Edwards, I think it is proved that, besides +treating his prisoners with inhumanity, he disregarded the +orders of the Admiralty. His attitude towards the +prisoners was always consistent. We learn from Corner +that he allowed Coleman, Norman and Mackintosh to +work at the pumps, but that when the others implored +him to let them out of irons he placed two additional +sentries over them, and threatened to shoot the first man +who attempted to liberate himself. Every allowance +must be made for the fear that in the disordered state of +the ship, they might have made an attempt to escape, but +during the eleven hours in which the water was gaining +upon the pumps there was ample time to provide for their +security. That so many were saved was due, not to him, +but to a boatswain's mate, who risked his own life to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a>[<a href="./images/22.png">22</a>]</span> +liberate them. Lieut. Corner, who would not have been +likely to err on the side of hostility to Edwards, gives his +evidence against him in this particular. But whether he +is to be believed or not, the fact that four of the prisoners +went down in irons is impossible to extenuate.</p> + +<p>Edwards dismisses the boat voyage in very few words, +though, in fact, it was a remarkable achievement to take +four overloaded boats from the Barrier Reef to Timor +without the loss of a single man. He made the coast of +Queensland a little to the south of Albany Island, where +the blacks first helped him to fill his water breakers, and +then attacked him. He watered again at Horn Island, +and then sailed through the passage which bears Flinders' +name owing to the fallacy that he discovered it. After +clearing the sound, he seems to have mistaken Prince of +Wales' Island for Cape York, which he had left many miles +behind him.</p> + +<p>Favoured by a fair wind and a calm sea, he made the +run from Flinders passage to Timor in eleven days. Like +Bligh, he found that the young bore their privations better +than the old, and that the first effect of thirst and famine +is to make men excessively irritable. Hamilton records a +characteristic incident. Edwards had neglected to conduct +prayers in his boat until he was reminded of his duty +by one of the mutineers, who was leading the devotions +of the seamen in the bows of the boat. Scandalized at +the impropriety of a "pirate" daring to appeal to the +Highest Tribunal for mercy, as it were, behind the back +of the earthly court before which he was shortly to be +arraigned, the captain sternly reproved him, and conducted +prayers himself. A sense of humour was not +numbered among Edwards' endowments.</p> + +<p>Timor was sighted on the 13th September, and on the +15th the party landed at Coupang, where the Dutch +authorities received them with every hospitality. Here<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a>[<a href="./images/23.png">23</a>]</span> +they met the survivors of a third boat voyage, scarcely +less adventurous than Bligh's and their own. A party +of convicts, including a woman and two small children, +had contrived to steal a ship's gig and to escape in her +from Port Jackson. Sleeping on shore at nights whenever +possible, subsisting on shell-fish and sea-birds, they ran +the entire length of the Queensland coast, threaded +Endeavour Straits, and arrived at Coupang after an +exposure lasting ten weeks without the loss of a single life. +Having given themselves out as the survivors from the +wreck of an English ship, they were entertained with +great hospitality until the arrival of Edwards two weeks +later, when they betrayed their story gratuitously. The +captain of a Dutch vessel, who spoke English, on first +hearing the news of Edwards' landing, ran to them with +the glad tidings of their captain's arrival, on which one +of them started up in surprise and exclaimed, "What +captain? Dam'me! we have no captain." On hearing +this the governor had them arrested, and sent to the castle, +one man and the woman having to be pursued into the +bush before they were taken. They then confessed that +they were escaped convicts.</p> + +<p>Apart from their adventurous voyage, there is much +romance about their story. William Bryant, the leader, +had been transported for smuggling, and his sweetheart, +Mary Broad, who was maid to a lady in Salcombe, in +Devonshire for connivance in her lover's escape from Winchester +Gaol. In due course they were married in Botany +Bay, where Bryant was employed as fisherman to the +governor, a post that enabled him to plan their successful +escape. Bryant and both children died on the voyage +home, together with three others, Morton, Cox and Simms, +but the woman survived to obtain a full pardon, owing +chiefly to the exertions of an officer of marines who went +home with her in the <i>Gorgon</i>, and eventually married<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a>[<a href="./images/24.png">24</a>]</span> +her.<a name="FNanchor_24-1" id="FNanchor_24-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_24-1" class="fnanchor">[24-1]</a> Butcher, who was also pardoned, returned to New +South Wales and became a thriving settler. The remaining +four were sent back to complete their sentences. Their +story has been graphically told by Messrs. Louis Becke +and Walter Jeffery in "The First Fleet Family."</p> + +<p>During the voyage from Coupang to Batavia Edwards +narrowly escaped a second shipwreck. The <i>Rembang</i> was +dismasted on a lee shore in a cyclone, and, but for the +exertions of the English seamen, would assuredly have +been stranded, the Dutch sailors, who, says the facetious +Hamilton, "would fight the devil should he appear to +them in any other shape but that of thunder and lightning," +having taken to their hammocks. At Samarang, +as already related, Edwards found the tender, which he +had long given up for lost, and the price she fetched +enabled the crew to purchase decent clothing. Heywood +afterwards asserted that no clothing was given to the +prisoners but what they could earn by plaiting and selling +straw hats. They were miserably housed, when on board +the <i>Rembang</i>, and kept in rigid confinement both at +Batavia, and on the <i>Vreedemberg</i>, in which they made the +voyage to the Cape.</p> + +<p>At Batavia Edwards divided his men among three +Dutch vessels homeward bound, but at the Cape he +removed his own contingent into H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>, and +arrived at Spithead on June 18th, 1792. Two days later +the ten mutineers were transferred to H.M.S. <i>Hector</i>, +Captain Montague, and the convicts were sent to Newgate. +The court martial, which did not assemble until +September 12th, lasted five days, with the result that +Norman, Coleman, Mackintosh and Byrne were acquitted,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a>[<a href="./images/25.png">25</a>]</span> +and Heywood, Morrison, Ellison, Burkitt, Millward and +Muspratt were condemned to death, the two first being +recommended to mercy. On October 24th Heywood and +Morrison received the King's pardon, and both re-entered +the Navy, Heywood to retire in 1816, when nearly at the +head of the list of captains; Morrison to go down in the +ill-fated <i>Blenheim</i> in which he was serving as gunner. +Muspratt also was pardoned, but the three others were +hanged on board the <i>Brunswick</i> in Portsmouth Harbour +on October 29th, 1792. Thus ended a voyage that, for +adventure and discovery, deserves a high place in the +history of maritime enterprise in the Pacific. Voyages +take their rank from the scientific attainments and literary +ability of the men who record them, and the <i>Pandora</i>, +unlucky in her fate as in her ill-omened name, was scarcely +less unfortunate in her historian.</p> + +<p>B. T.</p> + + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10-1" id="Footnote_10-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10-1"><span class="label">[10-1]</span></a> Mr. Louis Becke, "The Mutineers."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24-1" id="Footnote_24-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24-1"><span class="label">[24-1]</span></a> The <i>Gorgon</i> also carried Lieut. Clark, of the Royal Marines, whose +journal of the voyage to Botany Bay and Norfolk Island in 1789 +throws a very interesting light upon the early days of the colony. +Unfortunately the journal says very little of the <i>Gorgon's</i> voyage +home.</p></div> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a>[<a href="./images/26.png">26</a>]</span></p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a>[<a href="./images/27.png">27</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="CAPTAIN_EDWARDS_REPORTS" id="CAPTAIN_EDWARDS_REPORTS"></a>CAPTAIN EDWARDS' REPORTS.</h2> + + +<p class="right">"<i>Pandora</i> in Sta Cruz Bay,<br /> +Teneriff,    <br /> +25th November, 1790.</p> + +<p class="center">[R 28 Dec. and Read.]</p> + +<p>    <span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> + +<p>Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners +of the Admiralty that I sailed again from Jack-in-the-Basket +with His Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i> under my +command on the 7th day of November, and anchored in +Santa Cruz by Teneriffe on the 22nd: that nothing particular +occured in my passage to this place, except that +of my falling in with His Majesty's sloop <i>Shark</i> on the +17th November in Latitude 32° 33′ Longitude 13° 40′ W. +bound to Madeira with despatches for Rear Admiral +Cornish, and my learning from them that the matters in +dispute with Spain were amicably settled, of which circumstance +I was unacquainted when I left England. I +am now compleating my water, and have taken on board +full 3 months wine for my compliment, with some fruit +and vegetables, and purpose and flatter myself that I +shall be able to sail from hence this evening. Inclosed I +send the state and condition of His Majesty's Ship +<i>Pandora</i> for their Lordships' information, and I have the +honour to be,</p> + +<p class="center">Sir,<br /> +Your most obedient and ever humble servant,</p> +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards</span>.  </p> + +<p>    Phillip Stevens, Esq."</p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a>[<a href="./images/28.png">28</a>]</span></p> + + +<p class="right">"<i>Pandora</i> at Rio Janeiro,  <br /> +the 6th January, 1791.</p> + +<p class="center">[Received 29th June and read.]</p> + +<p>    <span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> + +<p>Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners +of the Admiralty that I sailed from Teneriff with His +Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i> on the afternoon of the 25th +November, agreeable to my intentions signified to their +Lordships by letter from that island, and anchored off the +city Rio Janeiro on the evening of the 31st of December +with a view to compleat my water and to get refreshments +for the ship's company and from my being persuaded +that very long runs, particularly with new ships' companies, +are prejudicial to health, and as my men are of +that description, and have also suffered in their health +from a fever which has prevailed amongst them in a +greater or less degree ever since they left England, were +other inducements for my touching at this port. I shall +stay here no longer than is absolutely necessary to procure +these articles, and which I expect to be able to accomplish +by the seventh of this month, and I shall then +proceed on my voyage as soon as wind and weather will +permit.</p> + +<p>Herewith I send the state and condition of His Majesty's +Ship <i>Pandora</i>, and I have the honour to be, Sir,</p> + +<p class="center">Your most obedient and humble servant,</p> +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>."  </p> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="right">"Batavia, the 25th November, 1791.</p> +<p class="center">29th May, 1792.</p> +<p class="right">From Amsterdam.    </p> + +<p>    <span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> + +<p>In a letter dated the 6th day of January, 1791, +which I did myself the honour to address to you from Rio +Janeiro I gave an account of my proceedings up to that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a>[<a href="./images/29.png">29</a>]</span> +time and inclosed the state and condition of His Majesty's +Ship <i>Pandora</i> under my command, and having compleated +the water and procured such articles of provision, etc., +for the use of the Ship's Company as they were in want of +and I thought necessary for the voyage, I sailed from that +port on the 8th January, 1791, run along the coast of +America, Tierra Del Fuego, Hatin Land, round Cape +Horn and proceeded directly to Otaheite, and arrived at +Matavy Bay in that Island on the 23rd March without +having touched in any other place in my passage thither.</p> + +<p>It was my intention to have put into New Year's harbour, +or some other port in its neighbourhood to complete +our water and to refresh my people, could I have effected +that business within the month of January; but as I +arrived too late on that coast to fulfil my intentions within +the time, it determined me to push forward without delay, +by which means I flattered myself I might avoid that +extreme bad weather and all the evil consequences that +are usually experienced in doubling Cape Horn in a more +advanced season of the year, and I had the good fortune +not to be disappointed in my expectation.</p> + +<p>After doubling the Cape, and advancing Northward +into warmer weather, the fever which had prevailed on +board gradually declined, and the diseases usually succeeding +such fevers prevented by a liberal use of the +antiscorbutics and other nourishing and useful articles +with which we were so amply supplied, and the ship's +company arrived at Otaheite in perfect health, except a +few whose debilitated constitutions no climate, provisions +or medicine could much improve.</p> + +<p>In our run to Otaheite we discovered 3 islands: the +first, which I called Ducie's Island, lies in Latitude +24° 40′ 30″ S. and Longitude 124° 36′ 30″ W. from +Greenwich. It is between 2 and 3 miles long. The +second I called Lord Hood's Island. It lies in Latitude<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a>[<a href="./images/30.png">30</a>]</span> +21° 31′ S. and Longitude 135° 32′ 30″ W., and is about 8 +miles long. The third I called Carysfort's Island. It lies +in Latitude 20° 49′ S. and Longitude 138° 33′ W. and it +is 5 miles long. They are all three low lagoon islands +covered with wood, but we saw no inhabitants on either +of them.<a name="FNanchor_30-1" id="FNanchor_30-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_30-1" class="fnanchor">[30-1]</a> Before we anchored at Matavy Bay, Joseph +Coleman, Armourer of the <i>Bounty</i>, and several of the +natives came on board, from whom I learned that Christian +the pirate had landed and left 16 of his men on the +Island, some of whom were then at Matavy, and some had +sailed from there the morning before our arrival (in a +schooner they had built) for Papara, a distant part of the +Island, to join other of the pirates that were settled at that +place, and that Churchill, Master at Arms, had been +murdered by Matthew Thompson, and that Matthew +Thompson was killed by the natives and offered as a +sacrifice on their altars for the murder of Churchill, whom +they had made a chief.</p> + +<p>George Stewart and Peter Heywood, midshipmen of the +<i>Bounty</i>, came on board the <i>Pandora</i> soon after she came +to an anchor, and I had also information that Richard +Skinner was at Matavy. I desired Poen, an inferior chief +(who, in the absence of Otoo, was the principal person in +the district) to bring him on board. The chief went on +shore for the purpose, and soon after he returned again +and informed me that Skinner was coming on board. +Before night he did come on board, but whether it was in +consequence of the chief's instructions, or his own accord,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a>[<a href="./images/31.png">31</a>]</span> +I am at a loss to say. As soon as the ship was moored +the pinnace and launch were got ready and sent under +the direction of Lt. Corner and Hayward in pursuit of the +pirates and schooner in hopes of getting hold of them +before they could get information of our arrival, and +Odiddee, a native of Bolabola, and who has been with +Capt. Cook, etc., went with them as a guide.</p> + +<p>The boats were discovered by the pirates before they +had arrived at the place where these people had landed, +and they immediately embarked in their schooner and put +to sea, and she was chased the remainder of the day by our +boats, but, it blowing fresh, she outsailed them, and the +boats returned to the ship. Jno. Brown, the person left +at Otaheite by Mr. Cox of the <i>Mercury</i>,<a name="FNanchor_31-1" id="FNanchor_31-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_31-1" class="fnanchor">[31-1]</a> and from whom +their Lordships supposed I might get some useful information, +had been under the necessity for his own safety to +associate with the pirates, but he took the opportunity +to leave them when they were about to embark in the +schooner and put to sea. He informed me that they had +very little water and provisions on board, or vessels to +hold them in, and, of course, could not keep at sea long. +I entered Brown on the ship's books as part of the compliment +and found him very intelligent and useful in the +different capacities of guide, soldier and seaman. I +employed different people to look out for and to give +information on their landing either on this or the neighbouring +islands.</p> + +<p>On the 26th, in the evening, sent the pinnace to Edee +by desire of the old Otoo, or king, to bring him on board +the <i>Pandora</i>. Early on the morning of the 27th, I had +information that the pirates were returning with the +schooner to Papara and that they were landed and retired +to the mountains, to endeavour to conceal and defend +themselves. Immediately sent Lt. Corner with 26 men<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a>[<a href="./images/32.png">32</a>]</span> +in the launch to Papara to pursue them. At night +the Otoo, his two queens and suite came on board the +pinnace and slept on board the <i>Pandora</i>, which they +afterwards frequently did.</p> + +<p>The next morning Lt. Hayward was sent with a +party in the pinnace to join the party in the launch at +Papara. I found the Otoo ready to furnish me with guides +and to give me any other assistance in his power, but he +had very little authority or influence in that part of the +island where the pirates had taken refuge, and even his +right to the sovereignty of the eastern part of the island +had been recently disputed by Tamarie, one of the royal +family. Under these circumstances I conceived the taking +of the Otoo and the other chiefs attached to his interest +into custody would alarm the faithful part of his subjects +and operate to our disadvantage. I therefore satisfied +myself with the assistance he offered and had in his power +to give me, and I found means at different times to send +presents to Tamarie (and invited him to come on board, +which he promised to do, but never fulfilled his promise), +and convinced him I had it in my power to lay his country +in waste, which I imagined would be sufficient at least to +make him withhold that support he hitherto, through +policy, had occasionally given to the pirates in order to +draw them to his interest and to strengthen his own party +against the Otoo.</p> + +<p>I probably might have had it in my power to have taken +and secured the person of Tamarie, but I was apprehensive +that such an attempt might irritate the natives attached +to his interest, and induce them to act hostilely against +our party at a time the ship was at too great a distance +to afford them timely and necessary assistance in case of +such an event, and I adopted the milder method for that +reason, and from a persuasion that our business could be +brought to a conclusion at less risk and in less time by that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a>[<a href="./images/33.png">33</a>]</span> +means. The yawl was sent to Papara with spare hands to +bring back the launch which was wanted to water the +ship, and on the 29th the launch returned to the ship with +James Morrison,<a name="FNanchor_33-1" id="FNanchor_33-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_33-1" class="fnanchor">[33-1]</a> Charles Norman, and Thomas Ellison, +belonging to the <i>Bounty</i>, and who had been made prisoners +at Papara on the 7th April. The companies returned with +the detachment from Papara, and brought with them the +pirate schooner which they had taken there. The natives +had deserted the place, and I had information that the +six remaining pirates had fled to the mountains.</p> + +<p>On the 5th I sent Lt. Hayward with 25 men in +the schooner and yawl to Papara, the old Otoo and +several of the youths, &c., went with him. On the 7th, in +the morning, Lt. Corner was landed with 16 men at +Point Venus in order to march round the back of the +mountains, in which the pirates had retreated, to cooperate +with the party sent to Papara. Orissia, the Otoo's +brother, and a party of natives went with him as guides +and to carry the provisions, &c.</p> + +<p>On the 9th Lt. Hayward returned with the schooner +and yawl and brought with him Henry Hillbrant, Thomas<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a>[<a href="./images/34.png">34</a>]</span> +M'Intosh, Thomas Burkitt, Jno. Millward, Jno. Sumner +and William Muspratt, the six remaining pirates belonging +to the <i>Bounty</i>. They had quitted the mountains and had +got down near the seashore when they were discovered +by our party on the opposite side of a river. They submitted, +on being summoned to lay down their arms. Lt. +Corner with his party marched across the mountains to +Papara, and a boat was sent for them there, and they +returned on board again on the 13th in the afternoon. I +put the pirates in the round house which I built at the +after part of the Quarter deck for their more effectual +security, airy and healthy situation, and to separate them +from, and to prevent their having any communication +with, or to crowd and incommode the ship's company.</p> + +<p>Contrary to my expectations, the water we got at the +usual place at Point Venus turned out very bad, and on +touching for better, most excellent water was found issuing +out of a rock in a little bay to the southward of One Tree +Hill. I mention this circumstance because it may be of +importance to be known to other ships that may hereafter +touch at that island.</p> + +<p>The natives had in their possession a bower anchor +belonging to the <i>Bounty</i>, which that ship had left in the +bay, and I took it on board the <i>Pandora</i>, and made them +a handsome present by way of salvage and as a reward for +their ingenuity in weighing it with materials so ill calculated +for the purpose. I learned from different people +and from journals kept on board the <i>Bounty</i>, which were +found in the chests of the pirates at Otaheite, that after +Lt. Bligh and the people with him were turned adrift +in the launch, the pirates proceeded with the ship to the +Island of Toobouai in Latitude 20° 13′ S. and Longitude +149° 35′ W., where they anchored on the 25th May, 1789. +Before their arrival there they threw the greatest part of +the bread fruit plants overboard, and the property of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a>[<a href="./images/35.png">35</a>]</span> +officers and people that were turned out of the ship was +divided amongst those who remained on board her, and +the royals and some other small sails were cut up and +disposed of in the same manner.</p> + +<p>Notwithstanding they met with some opposition from +the natives, they intended to settle on this island, but +after some time they perceived that they were in want of +several things necessary for a settlement and which was +the cause of disagreements and quarrels amongst themselves. +At last they came to a resolution to come to +Otaheite to get such of the things wanted as could be +procured there, and in consequence of that resolution they +sailed from Toobouai at the latter end of the month and +arrived at Otaheite on the 6th of June. The Otoo and +other natives were very inquisitive and desirous to know +what was become of Lt. Bligh and the other absentees +and the bread fruit plants, &c. They deceived them by +saying that they had fallen in with Captain Cook at an +island he had lately discovered called "Why-Too-Tackee" +[Aitutaki], and where he intended to settle, and that +the plants were landed and planted there, and that Lt. +Bligh and the other absentees were detained to assist +Captain Cook in the business he had in hand, and that he +had appointed Christian captain of the <i>Bounty</i> and ordered +him to Otaheite for an additional supply of hogs, goats, +fowls, bread fruit plants, &c.</p> + +<p>These humane islanders were imposed upon by this +artful story, and they were so rejoiced to hear that their +old friend Captain Cook was alive and was near them that +they used every means in their power to procure the +things that were wanted, so that in the course of a few +days the <i>Bounty</i> took on board 312 hogs, 38 goats, +eight dozen fowls, a bull and a cow, and a quantity of +bread fruit plants, &c. They also took with them a +woman, eight men and seven boys. With these supplies<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a>[<a href="./images/36.png">36</a>]</span> +they sailed from Otaheite on the 19th June and arrived +again at Toobouai on the 26th. They landed the live +stock on the quays that were near the harbour, lightened +the ship and warped her up the harbour into two fathoms +water opposite to the place where they intended to build +the fort. On this occasion their spare masts, yards and +booms were got out and moored, but they afterwards +broke adrift and were lost.<a name="FNanchor_36-1" id="FNanchor_36-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_36-1" class="fnanchor">[36-1]</a></p> + +<p>On the 19th July they began to build the fort. Its +dimensions were 50 yards square. These villains had +frequent quarrels amongst themselves which at last were +carried to such a length that no order was observed +amongst them, and by the 30th August the work at the +fort was discontinued. They had also almost continual +disputes and skirmishes with the natives, which were +generally brought on by their own violence and depredations. +Christian, perceiving that he had lost his authority, +and that nothing more could be done, desired them to +consult together and consider what step would be the +most advisable to take, and said that he would put into +execution the opinion that was supported by the most +votes. After long consultation it was at last determined +that the scheme of staying at Toobouai should be given +up, and that the ship should be taken to Otaheite, where +those who chose to go on shore should be at liberty to do +so, and those who remained on the ship might take her +away to whatever place they should think fit.</p> + +<p>In consequence of this final determination preparations +were made for the purpose and they sailed from Toobouai +on the 15th and arrived at Matavy Bay, Otaheite, on the +20th September 1789. The bull which they took from +Otaheite died on its passage to Toobouai, and they killed +the cow before they left that island, yet, notwithstanding +this and the depredations they committed there, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a>[<a href="./images/37.png">37</a>]</span> +natives still derived considerable advantage from their +visits, as several hogs, goats, fowls and other things of +their introduction were left behind. These sixteen men +mentioned before were landed at Otaheite, viz.:—</p> + + +<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Coleman [Armourer].<a name="FNanchor_37-3" id="FNanchor_37-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li> +<li>Peter Heywood [Midshipman].<a name="FNanchor_37-2" id="FNanchor_37-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-2" class="fnanchor">[37-2]</a></li> +<li>George Stewart [Midshipman].<a name="FNanchor_37-4" id="FNanchor_37-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li> +<li>Richard Skinner [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li> +<li>Michael Burn [A.B. Fiddler].<a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li> +<li>James Morrison [Boatswain's Mate].<a href="#Footnote_37-2" class="fnanchor">[37-2]</a></li> +<li>Charles Norman [Carpenter's Mate].<a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li> +<li>Thomas Ellison [A.B.].<a name="FNanchor_37-1" id="FNanchor_37-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li> +<li>Henry Hillbrant [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li> +<li>John Sumner [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li> +<li>Thomas M'Intosh [Carpenter's Crew].<a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li> +<li>William Muspratt [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li> +<li>Thomas Burkitt [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li> +<li>John Millward [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>These fourteen were made prisoners by my people and +Charles Churchill and Matthew Thompson were murdered +on that island. Previous to these people being put on +shore the small arms, powder, canvas and the small stores +belonging to the ship were equally divided amongst the +whole crew. After building the schooner six of these +people actually sailed in her for the East Indies, but +meeting with bad weather and suspecting the abilities of +Morrison, whom they had chosen to be their captain to +navigate her there, they returned again to Otaheite on the +night between the 21st and 22nd of September 1789 and +were seen in the morning to the N.W. of Point Venus.<a name="FNanchor_37-5" id="FNanchor_37-5"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-5" class="fnanchor">[37-5]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a>[<a href="./images/38.png">38</a>]</span>Fletcher Christian, Edward Young, Matthew Quintall, +William M'Koy, Alexander Smith, John Williams, Isaac +Martin, William Brown and John Mills went away in the +ship and they also took with them several natives of these +islands, both men and women, but I could not exactly +learn their numbers, only that they had on board a few +more women than white men, a deficiency of whom had +formerly been one of their grievances and the principal +cause of their quarrels. Christian had been frequently +heard to declare that he would search for an unknown or +uninhabited island in which there was no harbour for shipping, +would run the ship ashore and get from her such +things as would be useful to him and settle there, but this +information was too vague to be followed in an immense +ocean strewed with an almost innumerable number of +known and unknown islands; therefore after the ship was +caulked, which I found was necessary to be done, the +rigging overhauled and in other respects refitted her for +sea, and fitted the pirates' schooner as a tender, and put on +board two petty officers<a name="FNanchor_38-1" id="FNanchor_38-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_38-1" class="fnanchor">[38-1]</a> and seven men to navigate her, +conceiving she would be of considerable use in covering +the boats in my future search for the <i>Bounty</i>, as well as +for reconnoitring the passage through the reef leading to +Endeavour Straits; I sailed from Otaheite on the 8th of +May with a view to put the remainder of my orders into +execution.</p> + +<p>Oediddee was desirous to go in the <i>Pandora</i> to Ulietia +and to Bolabola, and as I thought he would be useful as +a guide for the boats I took him with me and steered for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a>[<a href="./images/39.png">39</a>]</span> +Huahaine which we saw the next morning. The tender +and the boats were employed the 9th and part of the 10th +in examining the harbours, and Oediddee went with them +as pilot. Several chiefs came on board and brought with +them hogs and other articles, the produce of the island, +and a servant of Omai also came on board, and said that +he was not then much the better for his master's riches, +however his former connections was the cause of his visit +to the ship being made very profitable to him, and all the +chiefs and their attendances received presents from me. +Two of the chiefs of this island were desirous to go in the +ship to Ulietia and I had given them leave to, but when the +ship was about to make sail they suddenly changed their +minds and went on shore and took Oediddee with them. +Oediddee promised to follow us there the next day, but +we did not see him again.</p> + +<p>I proceeded to Ulietea Otaka and Bolabola, and the +tender and boats were employed in examining the bays +and harbours of these islands, but we got no intelligence +of the <i>Bounty</i> or her people. Tahatoo, who called himself +king of Bolabola, informed me that he had been a few +days before at Tubai, which is a small, low island situated +on the Northward of Bolabola and under its jurisdiction, +and that there were no white men upon that island, nor +upon Maurua, another island in sight of it and to the +westward of Bolabola. He also mentioned another island +which I thought he called Mojeshah, but we know no such +island unless it be Howe's Island, and that seems to be +situated too far to the South and to the West for the island +he attempted to describe and point out to us. The chiefs +and several other people came on board from these islands +and brought with them the usual produce, and they were +at all the isles very pressing to prevail upon us to make a +longer stay with them, but as I had no object particularly +in view and my people in good health, I did not think it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a>[<a href="./images/40.png">40</a>]</span> +proper unnecessarily to waste my time for the sake of +procuring a few articles that were in greater abundance +in these islands than at Otaheite. I made presents to all +those chiefs as it was my custom to do to everyone that +had the least pretension to pre-eminence, and to all the +people who came on board in the first boat.</p> + +<p>After leaving Bolabola I steered for Maurua and passed +it at a small distance. Howe's Island was not seen by us +as it is a low island and we passed to the Southward of it. +I then shaped my course to get into the latitude of and to +fall in to the Eastward of Why-to-tackee [Aitutaki].</p> + +<p>On the 14th, Henry Hillbrant, one of the pirates, gave +information that Christian had declared to him the evening +before he left Otaheite that he intended to go with the +<i>Bounty</i> to an uninhabited island discovered by Mr. Byron, +situated to the Westward of the Isles of Danger, which, +from description of the situation, I found to be the island +called by Mr. Byron "The Duke of York's Island,"<a name="FNanchor_40-1" id="FNanchor_40-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_40-1" class="fnanchor">[40-1]</a> and +if they could land, would settle there and run the ship +upon the reef and destroy her, and if they could not land, +or if on examination found it would not answer their +purpose, he would look out for some other uninhabited +island. However, I continued my course for Why-to-tackee, +being now determined to examine the island in +preference to following any intelligence, however plausible, +and on the morning of the 19th saw the Island of Why-to-tackee +[Aitutaki],<a name="FNanchor_40-2" id="FNanchor_40-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_40-2" class="fnanchor">[40-2]</a> and sent the tender in shore to ground +and look out for a harbour.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a>[<a href="./images/41.png">41</a>]</span> +At noon sent Lt. Hayward in the yawl to look into a +place on the N.W. part of the island that had the appearance +of a harbour and to get intelligence of the natives. +In the evening he returned. The place was so far from +being fit for the reception of the ship that he could scarcely +find a passage through the reef for the boat; he conversed +with seven or eight different sets of people, whom he met +with in canoes, and they all agreed that the <i>Bounty</i> was +not, nor had not been there since Lt. Bligh left the +island, nor did any of them known anything of her. Lt. +Hayward recollected one of the natives, whom he remembered +to have seen on board the <i>Bounty</i> when he discovered +the island, and he saw another savage belonging to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a>[<a href="./images/42.png">42</a>]</span> +a neighbouring island who knew Captain Cook and +inquired after him, Omai and Oediddee, whom he said he +had seen.</p> + +<p>These people at first approached the boat with caution, +and could not be prevailed upon to come on board the +ship. As I was convinced that the <i>Bounty</i> was not on this +island, and as Hervey's, Mangea and Wattea Islands to +the S.E. of Why-to-tackee were inhabited, I did not think +it probable that Christian, in the weak state the ship was +in, would attempt to settle upon either of them, and as +there was some plausibility in the information given me +by Hillbrant the prisoner, and as the Duke of York's +Island seemed to answer the description of such an island +as Christian had been heard by others to declare he would +search for to settle on, it being by Mr. Byron's account +uninhabited, and with a harbour; and as the fact that +it was out of the known track of ships in these seas since +our acquaintance with the Society Islands, made it still +more eligible for his purpose; from these united circumstances +I thought it was probable he might make choice +of the Duke of York's Island for his intended settlement. +I therefore determined to proceed to that island, taking +Palmerston's island in my way thither, as it also answered +in all respects, except situation, to the description of the +other; and at night I bore away and made sail for +Palmerston's Island, and made that on the 21st in the +afternoon.<a name="FNanchor_42-1" id="FNanchor_42-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_42-1" class="fnanchor">[42-1]</a></p> + +<p>On the 22nd in the morning sent the schooner tender +and cutter in shore to look for the harbours or anchorage, +and soon after Lt. Corner was sent in the yawl for the +same purpose and to look out for the <i>Bounty</i> and her +people. At noon, perceiving the schooner and cutter +had got round the Northernmost island, I stood round the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a>[<a href="./images/43.png">43</a>]</span> +S.E. island with the ship in order to join the yawl that was +at a grapnel off that island, and sent the other yawl to +join Lt. Corner. At 4 the two yawls returned with a +quantity of cocoanuts and Lt. Corner also returned on +board. Soon after, Lt. Hayward was sent on shore in +the yawl to examine the S.W. island. After dark we burnt +several false fires as signals to the boat, but the weather +being thick and squally she did not return till the morning +of the 23rd, but the tender joined us that night and informed +me that she had found a yard on the island marked +"Bounty's Driver Yard" and other circumstances that +indicated that the <i>Bounty</i> was, or had been there. The +tender was immediately sent on shore after the yawl.</p> + +<p>On the 23rd provisions, ammunition, &c., was sent on +board the tender,<a name="FNanchor_43-1" id="FNanchor_43-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_43-1" class="fnanchor">[43-1]</a> and Lt. Corner with a party of men +were sent with the yawl and tender to land on the +Northernmost island. At 4 in the afternoon, perceiving +that the schooner tender had anchored under that island +the yawl landing the party on the reef leading to it, Lt. +Corner had orders to examine that and the Easternmost +island very minutely to see if any other traces besides the +yard could be made out of the <i>Bounty</i> or her people.</p> + +<p>On the 24th in the morning sent the cutter on board the +tender for intelligence, but she did not return till nearly +2 o'clock in the afternoon, when she brought with her +seven men of Lt. Corner's party. She was sent on +board the tender again with orders for the remainder of +the party that was returned from the search to be brought +on board the <i>Pandora</i> in the yawl, and for the cutter to +remain on board the tender to embark Lt. Corner when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a>[<a href="./images/44.png">44</a>]</span> +he returned, the midshipman having represented that she +answered the purpose of landing and embarking better +than the larger boat from the particular circumstances of +the landing place; and I stood over for the S.W. island +to take on board the other yawl which had been sent to +ground near the reef of that island and to procure from it +some cocoanuts, &c.</p> + +<p>At 5 the yawl came on board, and I then stood towards +the schooner in order to take the other yawl on board, +but the weather became squally with rain and I stood out +to sea. During the night the weather was rougher than +usual, with an ugly sea and I did not get close in with +them again till the 28th at noon, soon after which the +yawl came on board from the schooner and informed us to +my great astonishment and concern that the cutter had +not been on board her since she left the ship.<a name="FNanchor_44-1" id="FNanchor_44-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_44-1" class="fnanchor">[44-1]</a> The tender +was ordered to run down by the side of the reef and if +the cutter was not seen there to run out to sea six leagues +and to steer about W.N.W.-W., it being the opposite +point to that on which the wind blew from the preceding +night, and I waited with the ship to take on board Lt. +Corner who was not then returned from the search. He +soon after appeared and was taken on board.</p> + +<p>In his search he found a double canoe curiously painted, +and different in make from those we had seen on the islands +we had visited. A piece of wood burnt half through was +also found. The yard and these things lay upon the beach +at high water mark and were all eaten by the sea worm, +which is a strong presumption they were drifted there by +the waves. The driver yard was probably drove from +Toobouai where the <i>Bounty</i> lost the greater part of her +spars, and as no recent traces could be found on the island +of a human being or any part of the wreck of a ship I +gave up all further search and hopes of finding the <i>Bounty</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a>[<a href="./images/45.png">45</a>]</span> +or her people there. I then stood out to sea and the ship +and the tender cruized about in search of the cutter until +the 29th in the morning, when seeing nothing of her, I +being at that time well in with the land, sent on shore once +more to examine the reef and beach of the northernmost +island, but with no better success than before, as neither +the cutter or any article belonging to her could be found +there.</p> + +<p>I then steered for the Duke of York's island which we +got sight of at noon on the 6th June, and in the afternoon +the tender and two yawls were sent on shore to examine +the coast. On the 7th in the morning Lt. Corner and +Hayward were sent on shore with a party of men attended +by the schooner and two yawls. We soon after saw some +huts upon the island and so made a signal to the boats +to warn them of danger, and for them to be upon their +guard against surprise. They landed and got canoes +to the within side of the lagoon in which they made a +circuit of it. A few houses were found in examining the +hills on the opposite side of the lagoon, and also a ship's +large wooden buoy, which appeared to be of foreign make, +and had evident marks of its having been long in the +water.</p> + +<p>As Mr. Byron describes the Duke of York's island to +be without inhabitants, the sight of the houses and ship's +buoy, before they were minutely examined wrot so +strongly on the minds of the people that they saw many +things in imagination that did not exist, but all tended +to persuade them that the <i>Bounty's</i> people were really +upon the island agreeable to the intelligence given by +Hillbrant, but after a most minute and repeated search, +no human being of any description could be found upon +the island. There were a number of canoes, spare +paddles, fishing gear, and a variety of other things found +in the houses which seemed to prove that it was an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a>[<a href="./images/46.png">46</a>]</span> +occasional residence and fishery of the natives of some +neighbouring islands.<a name="FNanchor_46-1" id="FNanchor_46-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_46-1" class="fnanchor">[46-1]</a></p> + +<p>There is so great a difference in the situation of this +island as laid down in the charts of Hawkesworth's +collection of voyages and also some others from that of +Captain Cook that there may be some doubt about its +real situation. I followed that of Captain Cook, yet the +situation of this island by our account did not exactly +agree with him. He lays it down in Latitude 8° 41′ S. +and Longitude 173° 3′ W., and the centre of the island +by our account lies Latitude 8° 34′ S. and Longitude by +observation 172° 6′, and by timekeeper 172° 39′ W. By +our estimation this island is not so large as it is by Mr. +Byron's. In other respects, except the houses, it answers +his description very well. I should have stood off to the +westward to have seen if there were any other islands in +that direction, but I was apprehensive by so doing +that I might have much difficulty in fetching the island +I had then to visit, and as the wind was favourable +to stand to the Southward when I left the island, I therefore +satisfied myself in passing to the westward of it and +stretching to the northward so far as to know there was +no island within thirty miles of it on that point of the +compass, and also to pass to the windward of the island +when I put about and stood to the northward.</p> + +<p>In standing to the Northward I discovered an island +on the 12th June.<a name="FNanchor_46-2" id="FNanchor_46-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_46-2" class="fnanchor">[46-2]</a> We soon perceived that it was a +lagoon island, formed by a great many small islands +connected together by a reef of rocks, forming a circle +round the lagoon in its centre. It is low, but well wooded, +amongst which the cocoanut tree is conspicuous both for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a>[<a href="./images/47.png">47</a>]</span> +its height and peculiar form. As we approached the +land we saw several natives on the beach. Lt. Hayward +was sent with the tender and yawl in shore to reconnoitre +and to endeavour to converse with the natives, +and if possible to bring about a friendly intercourse +with them. They made signs of friendship and beckoned +him to come on shore, yet, whenever he drew near with +the boat, they always retired, and he could not prevail +on them to come to her; and the surf was thought too +great to venture to land, at least before the friendship +of the natives was better confirmed.</p> + +<p>We soon afterwards saw several sailing canoes with +stages in their middle, sailing across the lagoon for the +opposite islands, but whether it was a flight, or that they +were only going a-fishing, or on some other business, +we were at that time at a loss to know. Lt. Corner was +sent to look for a better landing place, and, thinking that +there was the appearance of an opening into the lagoon +round the N.W. island, I stood that way with the ship +to take a view of it but found that it was also barred in +that part by a reef. Better landing places were found, +but they were to leeward and at a considerable distance +from the place that seemed to be the principal residence +of the natives.</p> + +<p>The next morning Lt. Corner and Hayward landed +with a strong party near the houses, which they found +deserted by the natives, and they had taken with them +all the canoes except one. It appeared exactly to resemble +those we had seen at the Duke of York's island. +The houses, fishing gear and utensils were also similar +to those seen there, which made me suppose that these +were the people who occasionally visited that island, +but this had the appearance of being the principal residence +as Morais, or burying places, were found at this, +but none at the former.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a>[<a href="./images/48.png">48</a>]</span> +I was very desirous to get into communication with these +people, as I thought we might possibly get some useful +information relative to the buoy we had seen at the Duke +of York's island, or about the <i>Bounty</i> had she touched at +either of these islands, or at any others in their neighbourhood. +With that view I left in and about the houses +hatchets, knives, glasses and a variety of things that I +thought would be useful or pleasing to them, and also to +show them that we were disposed to be friendly to them, +and by that means I hoped they would become less shy, +and that our intercourse with them would be brought +about; and I stood round the northernmost island to +visit other parts of the island, and on the 14th in the +morning Lt. Corner was sent on shore with the tender, +yawl and canoe, and he landed to the eastward of the +northernmost island and marched round to the northeast +extremity of the islands: he perceived marks of bare +feet of the natives in different parts, but more particularly +about the cocoanut trees, most of which were stripped +of their fruit, but not a single person or canoe could be +found. He embarked again at that part of the isles +with great difficulty by the assistance of cork jackets +and rope and the canoe. I supposed that the natives +had left the island and I bore away to join the tender +that had been sent to search for a channel into the lagoon +near the northernmost isle; and after joining her I went +once more towards the place we had first examined, +and seeing no natives or any signs of them there I gave up +the search.</p> + +<p>On the 15th stood to the southward for Navigators' +islands. I called the island the Duke of Clarence's Island. +It lies in Latitude 9° 9′ 30″ and Longitude 171° 30′ 46″.<a name="FNanchor_48-1" id="FNanchor_48-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_48-1" class="fnanchor">[48-1]</a> +From the abundance of cocoanut trees both on this and +the Duke of York's island, in the trunks of which holes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a>[<a href="./images/49.png">49</a>]</span> +were cut transversely to catch and preserve water, and +as no other water was seen by us we supposed it was the +only means they had of procuring that useful and necessary +article. On the 18th in the forenoon we saw a very high +island and as I supposed it to be a new discovery I called +it Chatham island,<a name="FNanchor_49-1" id="FNanchor_49-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_49-1" class="fnanchor">[49-1]</a> and standing in for it, I perceived a +Bay towards the N.E. end and I made a tack to endeavour +to look into it. Perceiving that I could not accomplish +my intentions before night I bore away and ran along the +shore and sent the tender to reconnoitre, and found, +opposite to a sandy beach where there was an Indian +town, she got 25 fathoms about a quarter of a mile from +the reef, which runs off the place and carries soundings of +sand regularly in to 5 fathoms.</p> + +<p>In the morning a boat was sent to ground in an opening +in the reef before the town, in which 3 fathoms of water +was found, and 2½ fathoms within it. This harbour is +situated on the North side near the middle, but rather +nearest to the West end.<a name="FNanchor_49-2" id="FNanchor_49-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_49-2" class="fnanchor">[49-2]</a> We were told that there was a +river there, and another or two between it and the South +end. We then ran round the West to the S.W. end of the +island and in the bay there 25 fathoms of water was found, +the bottom rather foul and bad landing for a ship's +boat. The natives said there was another, but the boat +being called on board by signal she did not dare to examine +into the truth of their report. We found here a native of +the Friendly Islands, who called himself Fenow, and a +relation of the chief of that name of Tongataboo.<a name="FNanchor_49-3" id="FNanchor_49-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_49-3" class="fnanchor">[49-3]</a> Fenow +said he had seen Captain Cook and English ships at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a>[<a href="./images/50.png">50</a>]</span> +Friendly Islands, and that the natives of this island had +never seen a ship before they saw the <i>Pandora</i>. The island +is more than 30 miles long. A high mountain [4000 feet] +extends almost from one extremity to the other, which +tapers down gradually at the ends and sides to the sea +where it generally terminates in perpendicular cliffs of +moderate height, except in a few places where there is a +white beach of coral sand. The natives called the island +Otewhy;<a name="FNanchor_50-1" id="FNanchor_50-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-1" class="fnanchor">[50-1]</a> latitude of Northernmost point 13° 27′ 48″ S. +Longitude 172° 32′ 13″ W. South Point Latitude 13° 46′ +18″ S., Longitude 172° 18′ 20″ W., and East point in +Latitude 13° 32′ 20″ S. and Longitude 172° 2′ W.</p> + +<p>On the 21st we saw another island<a name="FNanchor_50-2" id="FNanchor_50-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-2" class="fnanchor">[50-2]</a> about 4 leagues to +the Eastward of this, and there are two small islands +between them, a small one in the middle and four off its +East end, three of which are of considerable height. There +is a greater variety of mountains and valleys in this than +in Chatham's and it is exceedingly well wooded, and the +trees of enormous size grow upon the very summits of the +mountains with spreading heads resembling the oak. The +same sort of trees were also seen in the same situation +at Chatham, but not in so great abundance. This island +is near forty miles long and of considerable breadth. The +natives called it Oattooah.<a name="FNanchor_50-3" id="FNanchor_50-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-3" class="fnanchor">[50-3]</a> Their canoes (although not +so well finished), language and some of their customs much +resemble those of the Friendly Islands, but they have some +peculiar to themselves—that of dyeing their skins yellow +and which is a mark of distinction amongst them is <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'one one'">one</ins> +of them.<a name="FNanchor_50-4" id="FNanchor_50-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-4" class="fnanchor">[50-4]</a> The Latitude of the West point is 13° 52′<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a>[<a href="./images/51.png">51</a>]</span> +25″ S. and Longitude 171° 49′ 13″ W. and the S.E. part in +Latitude 14° 3′ 30″ S. and Longitude 171° 12′ 50″ W. As +this island by our account was considerably to the Westward +of the Navigators' islands, we at first supposed it +to be a new discovery, but in visiting the other of the +Navigators' islands discovered by Mons. Bougainville +and running down again upon this we had reason to +suppose that the S.E. end of Oattooah had been seen by +him at a distance, and that it was the last island of the +group that he saw.<a name="FNanchor_51-1" id="FNanchor_51-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_51-1" class="fnanchor">[51-1]</a></p> + +<p>Between five and six o'clock of the evening of the +22nd June lost sight of our tender in a thick shower of +rain. Some thought that they saw her light again at eight +o'clock, but in the morning she was not to be seen. We +cruised about for her in sight of the island on the 23rd +and 24th and as I could not find the tender near the place +where she was first lost, I thought it better to make +the best of my way to <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Annanooka'">Annamooka</ins>, the place appointed +as a last rendezvous and to endeavour to get there before +her, lest her small force should be a temptation to the +natives to attack her, and accordingly we stood to the +Southward.<a name="FNanchor_51-2" id="FNanchor_51-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_51-2" class="fnanchor">[51-2]</a> When we were to the Eastward of Oattooah +we saw another island bearing from us about E.S.E. +eight leagues. We afterwards knew that this was one +of the Navigators' islands seen by Mons. Bougainville. +On the morning of the 28th we saw the Happy [Haapai] +islands, and before noon a group of islands to the Eastward<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a>[<a href="./images/52.png">52</a>]</span> +of Annamooka. We passed round to the Southward of +these islands and ran down between little Annamooka +and the Fallafagee isles and on the 29th anchored in +Annamooka Road.</p> + +<p>Whilst we were watering the ship, &c. I sent Lt. Hayward +to the Happy [Haapai] Islands in a double canoe, which I +hired of Tooboo a chief of these islands for the purpose of +examining them and to make inquiries after the <i>Bounty</i> +and the tender, but no intelligence could be got of either +of these vessels at these two islands, nor at either of the +Happy islands, and having completed our water and got a +plentiful supply of yams and a few hogs, we sailed from +thence on the 10th July. The natives were very daring in +their thefts, but some of the articles stolen were recovered +again by the chiefs, yet many of them were entirely lost, +and as I did not think it proper to carry things to extremities +on that occasion for fear that too much rigour +might operate to the disadvantage of the tender should +she arrive at the island in our absence, which I told them +I expected she would do, and that I intended to return +with the ship in about 20 days, and I left a letter of +instructions for the tender with Moukahkahlah, a resident +chief, which he promised to deliver. He is not the superior +chief, but we found him most useful to us and I thought +him the most worthy of trust.</p> + +<p>Whilst we were at Annamooka, Fattahfahe [Fatafehi]<a name="FNanchor_52-1" id="FNanchor_52-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_52-1" class="fnanchor">[52-1]</a> +the chief of all the islands, and who generally resides at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a>[<a href="./images/53.png">53</a>]</span> +Tongataboo or Amsterdam Island, came to visit us, as +did also a great number of the chiefs from the adjacent +islands and to all of whom I gave presents and also to +such of their friends and attendances that were introduced +for the purpose of receiving favours. A person called +Toobou was the principal person in authority at Annamooka +when we arrived there. I learned that he belonged +to Tongataboo, and had little property on the island he +governed, and I supposed that he was a deputy or minister +of Fattahfahe who is generally acknowledged to be the +superior chief of all the islands known under the names +of the Friendly, Happy, and also of many other islands +unknown to us. Fattahfahe and Toobou were on board +the <i>Pandora</i> when she got under way, attended by two +large double sailing canoes, the largest of which had +upwards of 40 persons on board. I suppose that they +came on board to take leave and in expectation of getting +some additional farewell presents, in which they were +not disappointed.</p> + +<p>I knew that Fattahfahe was shortly going to make a +tour of the Happy Islands, and as I perceived that he +was exceedingly well pleased with what I had given him, +and with his situation and accommodation on board the +ship, I invited him to come with us to Toofoa [Tofoa] +and Kaho [Kao], two islands I was then steering for and +that I intended to visit, as I thought he would be useful +by procuring us a favourable landing at Toofoa, the +island whose inhabitants had behaved so treacherously +to Lt. Bligh when he put in there for refreshments in +the <i>Bounty's</i> launch. Before the sun set we got within +a small distance of the island, but it was too late +for our boats to go on shore, and the canoes were +sent to the islands to announce the arrival of these +great chiefs; their coming in the ship I made no doubt +would increase their consequence, and probably also the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a>[<a href="./images/54.png">54</a>]</span> +tribute they might think proper to impose on their +subjects.</p> + +<p>The next morning Lt. Corner, attended by the two +chiefs, was sent on shore at Toofoa to search and to make +the necessary inquiries after the <i>Bounty</i> and our tender, &c. +and then to cross the channel which is about three or +four miles over, and to do the same at Kaho, and when I +saw the boat put off from Toofoa and stand over for the +other island I bore away with the ship and ran through the +channel between the two islands. At four in the afternoon +Lt. Corner, Fattahfahe and Toobou, returned on +board without success in their search and inquiries. The +two chiefs were put on board their canoes, and they made +sail for the Happy Islands.<a name="FNanchor_54-1" id="FNanchor_54-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_54-1" class="fnanchor">[54-1]</a></p> + +<p>I now intended to have visited Tongataboo and the +other of the Friendly Islands, but, as the wind was +Southerly and unfavourable for the purpose, I took the +resolution once more to visit Oattooah, and also the +Navigators' Islands in search of the <i>Bounty</i> and our +tender and to endeavour to fall in to the eastward of those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a>[<a href="./images/55.png">55</a>]</span> +islands. On the morning of the 12th we discovered a +cluster of islands bearing from us W. by S. to N.W. by N., +but as the wind was favourable for us to proceed I did not +think it proper to lose time in examining them now, but +intended to do it on my return to the Friendly Islands.<a name="FNanchor_55-1" id="FNanchor_55-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_55-1" class="fnanchor">[55-1]</a></p> + +<p>On the 14th, in the forenoon, we saw three islands, +which we supposed to be the three first islands seen by +Mons. Bougainville and part of the cluster called by him +"Navigators' Islands," the largest of these islands the +natives called Toomahnuah.<a name="FNanchor_55-2" id="FNanchor_55-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_55-2" class="fnanchor">[55-2]</a> We passed them at a convenient +distance and several canoes came towards the +ship, and it was with great difficulty that we prevailed +on them to come alongside, and still greater difficulty +to get them into the ship. They brought very few things +in their canoes except cocoanuts, which I bought, and +then gave them a few things as presents before they left +the ship, and after making the necessary inquiries as far +as our limited knowledge of the language would permit +us, I proceeded to the Westward and before daylight +on the morning of the 15th we saw another island. We +ran down on the North side of it and brought to occasionally +to find and take on board canoes.</p> + +<p>We found the same shyness amongst the natives here +as at the last islands, but a few presents being given to +them they at last ventured on board. The island is +called by them Otootooillah.<a name="FNanchor_55-3" id="FNanchor_55-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_55-3" class="fnanchor">[55-3]</a> It is at least 5 leagues +long; we supposed it to be another of the islands seen by +Mons. Bougainville. We got soundings in 53 fathoms<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a>[<a href="./images/56.png">56</a>]</span> +water, and the depth decreased as we stood in shore, and +there is probable anchorage on this side of the island +sheltered from the prevailing winds, but we did not see +the reef mentioned by Mons. Bougainville to run two +leagues from the West end.</p> + +<p>After making inquiries after the <i>Bounty</i> and tender and +making presents to our visitors, we steered to the Westward, +inclining to the North and before night saw Oattooa, +bearing W.N.W. The South East end of this island was +also probably seen by Mons. Bougainville, but by his +description he could only have had a distant and a very +imperfect view of the island. On the 16th we ran down +on the South side of it, almost to the West end, and had +frequent communication with the natives, but could get +no information relative either to the <i>Bounty</i> or our tender. +We saw a few of the natives with blue, mulberry and other +coloured beads about their necks, and we understood +that they got them from Cook at Tongataboo, one of the +Friendly Islands. Having finished my business here, I +stood to the Southward with the intention of visiting +the group of islands we had discovered on our way hither, +and we got sight of them again in the afternoon of the +18th.<a name="FNanchor_56-1" id="FNanchor_56-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_56-1" class="fnanchor">[56-1]</a></p> + +<p>On the 19th, in the morning we ran down on the North +side until we came to an opening through which we could +see the sea on the opposite side, and a kind of sound is +formed by some islands to the North East and some +islands of considerable size to the South West, and in the +intermediate space there are several small islands and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a>[<a href="./images/57.png">57</a>]</span> +rocks. On the larboard hand of the North entrance there +is a shoal, on which the sea appears to break although +there is from ten to twelve fathoms of water upon it. In +the other part of the entrance there is forty fathoms of +water or more. Our boat had only time to examine the +entrance and the larboard side of the sound, in which there +are interior bays where about 30 fathoms of water is to be +found within a cables length of the shore. The branches +of the sound on the starboard side, and which are yet +unexamined, appear to promise better anchorage than was +found on the opposite shore, and should it turn out so, +it will be by far the safest and best anchorage hitherto +known amongst the Friendly Islands.<a name="FNanchor_57-1" id="FNanchor_57-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_57-1" class="fnanchor">[57-1]</a></p> + +<p>The natives told us there was good water at several +places within the sound, and there is plenty of wood. +Several of the inferior chiefs were on board us, amongst +whom were one of Fattahfahe's and one of Toobou's +family, but the principal chief of the island was not on +board, but we supposed he was coming at the time we +made sail.<a name="FNanchor_57-2" id="FNanchor_57-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_57-2" class="fnanchor">[57-2]</a> They brought on board yams, cocoanuts, +some bread fruit, and a few hogs and fowls, and would +have supplied us with more hogs had it been convenient +for us to have made a longer stay with them, and which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a>[<a href="./images/58.png">58</a>]</span> +they entreated us much to do. We found them very fair +in their dealings, very inoffensive and better behaved than +any savages we had yet seen.</p> + +<p>They have frequent communication with Annamooka +and the other Friendly Islands, and their customs and +language appear to be nearly the same. I called the +whole group Howe's Islands. The islands on the larboard +side of the North entrance I distinguished by the names +of Barrington<a name="FNanchor_58-1" id="FNanchor_58-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-1" class="fnanchor">[58-1]</a> and Sawyer, two to the starboard side +with the names of Hotham<a name="FNanchor_58-2" id="FNanchor_58-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-2" class="fnanchor">[58-2]</a> and Jarvis.<a name="FNanchor_58-3" id="FNanchor_58-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-3" class="fnanchor">[58-3]</a> A high island +a considerable way to the North West I called Gardener's +island,<a name="FNanchor_58-4" id="FNanchor_58-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-4" class="fnanchor">[58-4]</a> and another high island to the South West was +called Bickerton's island.<a name="FNanchor_58-5" id="FNanchor_58-5"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-5" class="fnanchor">[58-5]</a> There is a small high isle +about four miles to the S.W. of this, and a small low +island about five or six miles to the S.E. by E. of +Gardener's island,<a name="FNanchor_58-6" id="FNanchor_58-6"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-6" class="fnanchor">[58-6]</a> and several islands to the S.E. of the +islands forming the sound and too several small islands +within it to which no names were given.</p> + +<p>On the 20th at two in the morning, we passed within +two miles of the small island that lies to the S.E. from +Gardener's island, and soon after saw Gardener's island, +on the N.W. side of which there appeared to be tolerable +good landing on shingle beach, and a little to the right +of this place, at the upper edge of the cliffs is a volcano, +from which we observed the smoke issuing. There are +recent marks of convulsion having happened in the island. +Some parts of it appear to have fallen in, and other parts +to be turned upside down. This part of the island is the +most barren land we have seen in the country.<a name="FNanchor_58-7" id="FNanchor_58-7"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-7" class="fnanchor">[58-7]</a> At nine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a>[<a href="./images/59.png">59</a>]</span> +o'clock thought we saw a large island bearing N. by W. +and I made sail towards it, and as the weather was hazy we +did not discover our mistake till near noon, when I hauled +the wind to the Southward. On the 23rd saw an island +from the masthead which I suppose was one of the +Pylstaart islands.<a name="FNanchor_59-1" id="FNanchor_59-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_59-1" class="fnanchor">[59-1]</a> On the 26th in the morning saw the +island of Middleburgh and on the 27th ran in between +Middleburgh, Eooa and Tongataboo.</p> + +<p>Several canoes came on board us from the different +islands. We were then within half a mile of the last, and +equally near to the shoals of the second, but not so near +to Middleburgh, yet we were near enough to see into +English Road. At these islands we could neither see nor +get any satisfactory information relative to the objects +of our search. The natives brought in their canoes, yams, +cocoanuts and a few small hogs, and I made no doubt that +I should have been able to procure plenty of these articles +had it been convenient for me to have stayed at these +islands. The difficulty in getting in and out of the harbour +and the indifferent quality of the water were alone +sufficient objections against my stopping here. The road +at Annamooka was more convenient for getting out and +in, and the water, although not of the best quality, is +reported to be better than that found at Amsterdam +[Tongatabu], and Annamooka being the place I had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a>[<a href="./images/60.png">60</a>]</span> +appointed as a rendezvous for the tender I did not hesitate +in giving the preference to it, and accordingly made the +best of my way thither, and we saw the Fallafagee islands +(which lie near Annamooka) [Kotu Group?] before dark, +and also Toofoa, Kaho and Hoonga Tonga islands to the +Westward, which are visible at a greater distance.</p> + +<p>On the 28th July anchored in Annamooka Road. The +person who now had the principal authority on the shore +was a young chief whom we had not seen before. There +was the same respect paid to him as was paid to Fattahfahe +and to Toobou; neither of these chiefs nor Moukahkahlah +were now in the islands, and the natives were now more +daring in their thefts than ever, and would sometimes +endeavour to take things by force, and robbed and stripped +some of our people that were separated from the party. +Lt. Corner, who commanded the watering and wooding +parties on shore, received a blow on the head and was +robbed of a curiosity he had bought and held in his hand, +and with which the thief was making off. Lt. Corner +shot the thief in the back, and he fell to the ground; +at the same instant the natives attempted to take axes +and a saw from the wooding party, and actually got off +with two axes, one by force and the other by stealth, +but they did not succeed in getting the saw. Two muskets +were fired at the thieves, yet it was supposed that they +were not hurt, but we are told that the other man died +of his wound. One of the yawls was on shore at the +time, and the long boat was landing near her with an +empty cask. Lt. Corner drew the wooding and watering +parties towards the boats and then began to load them +with the wood that was cut.</p> + +<p>A boat was sent from the ship to inquire the cause of +the firing that was heard, but before she returned a canoe +came from the shore to inform the principal chief (whom +I had brought on board to dine with me) that one of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a>[<a href="./images/61.png">61</a>]</span> +natives had been killed by our people. The chief was very +much agitated at the information, and wanted to get out +of the cabin windows into the canoe, but I would not +suffer him to do it and told him I would go on shore with +him myself in a little time in one of the ship's boats. Our +boat soon returned and gave me an account of what had +passed on shore. I told the chief that the Lieutenant +had been struck, and that he and his party had been +robbed of several things, and that I was very glad that the +thief had been shot, and that I should shoot every person +who attempted to rob us, but that no other person except +the thief should be hurt by us on that account. The +axes and some other things that had been stolen before +were returned and very few robbings of any consequence +were attempted and discovered until the day of our departure.</p> + +<p>I took this opportunity of showing the chief what +execution the cannon and carronades would do by firing +a six-pound shot on shore and an eighteen-pounder +carronade loaded with grape shot into the sea. I afterwards +went on shore with two boats and took with me +the chief and his attendants, and before I returned on +board again told him that I should send on shore the next +morning for water and wood, and that I should also +come on shore myself in the course of the day, all which +he approved of and desired me to do, and accordingly +the next morning, the 31st July the watering and wooding +parties were sent on shore and carried on their business +without interruption, and in the afternoon I went on shore +myself and made a small present to the chief and to some +other people.</p> + +<p>On the 2nd August, having completed my water, &c. +and thinking it time to return to England I did not think +proper to wait any longer for the tender, but left instructions +for her commander should she happen to arrive after<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a>[<a href="./images/62.png">62</a>]</span> +my departure, and I sailed from Annamooka, attended by +a number of chiefs and canoes belonging to those and the +surrounding islands. After the ship was under way +some of the natives had the address to get in at the cabin +windows and stole out of the cabin some books and other +things, and they had actually got into their canoes before +they were discovered. The thieves were allowed to make +their escape, but the canoes that had stolen these things +were brought alongside and broke up for firewood. During +this transaction the other natives carried on their traffic +alongside with as much unconcern as if nothing had +happened.</p> + +<p>I made farewell presents to all the chiefs and to many +others of different descriptions, and after hauling round +Annamooka shoals, passed to the Eastward of Toofoa +and Kaho, and in the morning saw Bickerton's island +and the small island to the Southward of it. On the 4th, +in the evening, saw land bearing N.N.W. At first we +took it to be Keppel's and Boscowen's islands, which I +intended to visit, and by account was only a few miles +to the Westward of them. As we approached the land we +perceived that it was only one island, and as I supposed that +it was a new discovery I called it Proby's island.<a name="FNanchor_62-1" id="FNanchor_62-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_62-1" class="fnanchor">[62-1]</a> The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a>[<a href="./images/63.png">63</a>]</span> +hills, of which there are a great many of different heights +and forms, are planted with cocoanuts and other trees, +and the houses of a larger size than we had usually seen on +the islands in these seas; were on the tops of hills of +moderate height. We passed from S.E. end to the East, +round to the North and N.W.</p> + +<p>Landing appeared to be very indifferent until we came +near the N.W., where the land formed itself into a kind of +bay, and where the landing appeared to be better. The +natives brought on board cocoanuts and plantains, all of +which I bought, and made them a present of a few articles +of iron. They told us that they had water, hogs, fowls +and yams on shore and plenty of wood. They spoke +nearly the same language as at the Friendly Islands. It +lies in latitude 15° 53′ S. and longitude 175° 51′ W. I +was now convinced that I was rather further to the Westward +than I expected, and examining the island had carried +me still further that way. I therefore gave up my intention +of visiting <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Boscawen's'">Boscowen's</ins> and Keppel's islands,<a name="FNanchor_63-1" id="FNanchor_63-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_63-1" class="fnanchor">[63-1]</a> as the +regaining the Easting necessary would take up more time +than would be prudent to allow at this advanced time of +the season, and as soon as I had made the necessary +inquiries, &c., after the <i>Bounty</i>, &c., our course was shaped +with a view to fall in to the Eastward of Wallis' Island,<a name="FNanchor_63-2" id="FNanchor_63-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_63-2" class="fnanchor">[63-2]</a> +and the next day, the 5th, a little before noon saw that +island bearing West by South, estimated by the master<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a>[<a href="./images/64.png">64</a>]</span> +at ten leagues, but I did not myself suppose it to be more +than seven leagues from us at that time.</p> + +<p>Canoes came off to us and brought us cocoanuts and fish, +which they sold for nails, and I also made them a present +of some small articles which I always made a rule to do to +first adventurers, hoping that it might turn out advantageous +to future visitors, but they went away before I +had given them all I intended. They told us that there +was running water, hogs and fowls on shore. They spoke +the language of the Friendly Islands, and I observed +that one of the men had both of his little fingers cut off, +and the flesh over his cheekbones very much bruised +after the manner of the natives of those islands.<a name="FNanchor_64-1" id="FNanchor_64-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_64-1" class="fnanchor">[64-1]</a></p> + +<p>In the evening I bore away and made sail to the Westward +intending to run between Espiritu Santo and Santa +Cruz, and to keep between the tracks of Captain Carteret +and Lt. Bligh, and on the 8th at 10 at night saw land +bearing from the W. by S. We had no ground at +110 fathoms. At daylight I bore away and passed round +the East end and ran down on the South side of the island. +There is a white beach on these parts of the island on +which there appears to be tolerable good landing, or better +than is usually seen on the islands in these seas, and there +is probably anchorage in different places on this side or +under the small islands, of which there are several near +the principal island, but as I did not hoist out the boats +to sound that still remains a doubt.</p> + +<p>There are cocoanut trees all along the shore behind +the beach, and an uncommon number of boughs amongst +them. The island is rather high, diversified with hills +of different forms, some of which might obtain the name +of mountain, but they are cultivated up to their very +summits with cocoanut trees and other articles, and the +island is in general as well or better cultivated and its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65"></a>[<a href="./images/65.png">65</a>]</span> +inhabitants more numerous for its size than any of the +islands we have hitherto seen. The principal island is +about 7 miles long and three or four broad, but including +the islands off its East and West ends, and which latter +are joined to it by a reef, it is about ten miles long. I +called it Grenville Island [Rotuma], supposing it to be a +new discovery. Its latitude is 12° 29′ and longitude +183° 03′ W.</p> + +<p>A great number of paddling canoes came off and viewed +the ship at a distance, and I believed that their intentions +were at first hostile. They were all armed with clubs and +they had a great quantity of stones in their canoes which +they use in battle, and they all occasionally joined in +a kind of war-whoop. We made signs of peace, and +offered them a variety of toys which drew them alongside, +and then into the ship where they behaved very quietly; +probably the unexpected presents they got from us, and +our number and strength might operate in favour of peace. +However, they seemed to have the same propensity to +thieving as the natives of the other islands, and gave us +many, some of which ludicrous, examples.</p> + +<p>Although at so great a distance they said that they +were acquainted with the Friendly islands, and had +learned from them the use of iron.<a name="FNanchor_65-1" id="FNanchor_65-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_65-1" class="fnanchor">[65-1]</a> They were tattooed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66"></a>[<a href="./images/66.png">66</a>]</span> +in a different manner from the natives of the other islands +we had visited, having the figure of a fish, birds and a +variety of other things marked upon their arms. Their +canoes were not so delicately formed nor so well finished +as at the Friendly islands, but more resemble those of the +Duke of York's, the Duke of Clarence's and the Navigators' +islands. Neither sailing or double canoes came on +board, neither did we see any of either of these descriptions. +They told us that water and many other useful things, +the usual produce of the islands in these seas, could be +procured on shore.</p> + +<p>Their language appeared something to resemble that +spoken at the Friendly islands, and after asking them +such questions as we thought necessary, some of which +probably were not understood perfectly by them, or their +answers by us, we made sail and continued our course to +the Westward. No women were seen in the canoes that +visited us, which curiosity or the hope of getting some +pleasing toys usually bring to our side, but this is another +proof that their original intentions were hostile. We +passed the island in so short a time that those who +neglected to come out at our first appearance had not +afterwards the opportunity to visit us.</p> + +<p>On the 11th at eleven o'clock in the morning we struck +soundings on a bank in twelve to fourteen fathoms water +and at ten minutes after eleven had no ground in one +hundred and forty fathoms. No land was then in sight, +nor did we get any soundings after in the course of the +day. It was called Pandora's Bank, its Latitude 12° 11′ S. +and Longitude 188° 68′ W.</p> + +<p>On the next morning saw a small island which met in +two high hummocks and a steeple rock which lies high on +the West side of the hummocks. It obtained the name of +Mitre Island. The shore appeared to be steep to, and we +had no bottom at 120 fathoms within three quarters of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67"></a>[<a href="./images/67.png">67</a>]</span> +mile of the shore. There was no landing place or sign of +inhabitants. The tops of the hills were covered with +wood. There was also some on the sides, but not in so +great an abundance they being too steep and too bare +of soil in some places to support it. Latitude 11° 49′ +S. and Longitude 190° 04′ 30″ W.<a name="FNanchor_67-1" id="FNanchor_67-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_67-1" class="fnanchor">[67-1]</a></p> + +<p>By nine o'clock we had passed it and steered to the +Westward, and soon afterwards we saw another island +bearing N.W. by N. We hauled up to the N.W. to make +it out more distinctly as it is of considerable height, yet +not much more than a mile long, and the top and the +side of the hills very well cultivated and a number of +houses were seen near the beach in a bay on the South +side of the island. The beach from the East round to the +South of the West end is of white sand, but there was then +too much surf for the ship's boat to land upon it with +safety. I called it Cherry's Island [Native name: Anula]. +Its Latitude is 11° 37′ S. and Longitude 190° 19′ 30″ W.<a name="FNanchor_67-2" id="FNanchor_67-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_67-2" class="fnanchor">[67-2]</a></p> + +<p>On the 13th August a little before noon we saw an +island bearing about N.W. by N. In general it is high, +but to the West and North West the mountain tapered +down to a round point of moderate height. It abounds +with wood, even the summits of the mountain are covered +with trees. In the S.E. end there was the appearance of a +harbour, and from that place the reef runs along the South +side to the Westernmost extremity. In some places its +distance is not much more than a mile from the shore, in +other places it is considerably more. Although we were +sometimes within less than a mile of the reef we saw +neither house nor people. The haziness of the weather +prevented us from seeing objects distinctly, yet we saw +smoke very plain, from which it may be presumed that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68"></a>[<a href="./images/68.png">68</a>]</span> +the island is inhabited. It is six or seven leagues long +and of considerable breadth. I called it Pitt's Island. +Its Latitude is 11° 50′ 30″ S. South point, and Longitude +193° 14′ 15″ W.<a name="FNanchor_68-1" id="FNanchor_68-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_68-1" class="fnanchor">[68-1]</a></p> + +<p>At midnight between the 16th and 17th of August +breakers were discovered ahead and upon our bow, +and not a mile from us. We were lying to and heaving +the lead at the time and had no ground at 120 fathoms. +We wore the ship and stood from them and in less than an +hour after more breakers were seen extending more than a +point before our lee beam, but we made more sail and so +got clear of them all. At daylight we put about with the +intention of examining the breakers we had seen in the +night and we made two boards, but perceiving that I +could not weather them without some risk I bore up and +ran round its N.W. end. It is a double reef enclosing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69"></a>[<a href="./images/69.png">69</a>]</span> +a space of deeper water like the lagoon islands so common +in these seas, and probably will become one in the course +of time. The sea breaks pretty high upon it in different +parts, but there is no part of the reef absolutely above +water. It is about seven miles long in the direction of +N.W. by N. Its breadth is not so much. Called it +Willis's shoal. It lies in Latitude 12° 20′ S. and Longitude +200° 2′ W.<a name="FNanchor_69-1" id="FNanchor_69-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_69-1" class="fnanchor">[69-1]</a></p> + +<p>We pursued our course to the Westward and on the +23rd saw the land bearing from N.E. to N. by W. The +Easternmost land when first seen was ten or twelve +leagues from us and it cannot be far to the Westward +of the land seen by Mons. Bougainville and called by him +Louisiade, and probably joins to it. The cape is in +Latitude 10° 3′ 32″ S. and Longitude 212° 14′ W., was +called Cape Rodney and another cape in Latitude 9° +58′ S. and Longitude 212° 37′ W. was called Cape Hood, +and an island lying between them was called Mount +Clarence. After passing Cape Hood the land appears +lower and to branch off about N.N.W. and to form a +deep and wide bay, or perhaps a passage through, for we +saw no other land, and there are doubts whether it joins +New Guinea or not.<a name="FNanchor_69-2" id="FNanchor_69-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_69-2" class="fnanchor">[69-2]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70"></a>[<a href="./images/70.png">70</a>]</span>I pursued my course to the Westward between the +Latitudes of 10° and 9° 33′ S. keeping the mouth of Endeavour +Straits open, by which I hoped to avoid the +difficulties and dangers experienced by Captain Cook in +his passage through the reef in a higher latitude, and also +the difficulties he met with when within in his run from +thence to the Strait's mouth.<a name="FNanchor_70-1" id="FNanchor_70-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_70-1" class="fnanchor">[70-1]</a></p> + +<p>On the 25th August at 9 in the morning, saw +breakers from the mast head bearing from us W. by S. +to W.N.W. I hauled up to the Southward and passed +to the Eastward of them. It runs in the direction of +W.S.W. and E.N.E. 4′ or 5′, and another side runs in the +direction of N.W. the distance unknown. The sea broke +very moderately upon it, in some places barely perceptibly. +In the interior part a very small sand-bank was seen from +the mast-head, and no other part of the reef was above +water. It obtained the name of Look-Out shoal.<a name="FNanchor_70-2" id="FNanchor_70-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_70-2" class="fnanchor">[70-2]</a></p> + +<p>Before noon we saw more breakers which proved to +be one of those half-formed islands enclosing a lagoon, +the reef of which was composed principally of very large +stones, but a sandbank was seen from the mast head +extending to the Southward of it, and as I could not +weather it and seeing another opening to the Westward, +I steered to the W.S.W., and a little before two o'clock saw<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71"></a>[<a href="./images/71.png">71</a>]</span> +the island to the Westward of us, and another reef bearing +about S.W. by South and I then steered W. ½ N. until half +past five, when a reef was seen extending from the island a +considerable way to the N.W., the island bearing then +about W.S.W. I immediately hauled upon the wind in +order to pass to the Southward of it, and seeing a passage +to the Northward obstructed<a name="FNanchor_71-1" id="FNanchor_71-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_71-1" class="fnanchor">[71-1]</a> I stood on and off, and +was still during the night, and in the morning bore away; +but as we drew near we also saw a reef extending to the +Southward from the South end of the island. I ran to +the Southward along the reef with the intention and +expectation of getting round it, and the whole day was +spent without succeeding in my purpose and without +seeing the end of the reef, or any break in it that gave the +least hopes of a channel fit for a ship.<a name="FNanchor_71-2" id="FNanchor_71-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_71-2" class="fnanchor">[71-2]</a></p> + +<p>The islands, which I called Murray's Islands, are four +in number, two of them are of considerable height and may +be seen twelve leagues. The principal island is not more +than three miles long. It is well wooded and at the top +of the highest hill the rocks have the appearance of a +fortified garrison. The other high island is only a single +mountain almost destitute of trees and verdure. The +other two are only crazy barren rocks. We saw three two +mast boats under sail near the reef, which we supposed +belong to the islands. Murray Islands lie in Latitude +9° 57′ S. and Longitude 216° 43′ W. We kept turning to +the Southward along the reef until the 28th in search +of a channel and in the forenoon of that day we thought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72"></a>[<a href="./images/72.png">72</a>]</span> +we saw an opening through the reef near a white sandy +island or key, and a little before Lt. Corner was sent in the +yawl to examine it. At <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'threequarters'">three quarters</ins> past four he made +the signal that there was a channel through the reef fit +for a ship, and after a signal was made and repeated for +the boat to return on board, and after dark false fires and +muskets were fired from the ship, and answered with +muskets by the boat repeatedly to point out the situation +of each other. We sounded frequently but had no +ground at 110 fathoms.</p> + +<p>At about twenty minutes after seven the boat was seen +close in under our stern and at the same time we got +soundings in 50 fathoms water. We immediately made +sail, but before the tacks were on board and the sails +trimmed the ship struck upon the reef when we were +getting 4¼ less 2 fathoms water on the larboard side, +and 3 fathoms on the starboard side. Got out the boats +with a view to carrying out an anchor, but before it +could be effected the ship struck so heavily on the reef +that the carpenters reported that she made 18 inches of +water in five minutes, and in five minutes after there was +four feet of water in the hold. Finding the leak increase +so fast found it necessary to turn all hands to the pumps +and to bale at the different hatchways. She still continued +to gain upon us so much that under an hour and +a half after she had struck there was eight feet of water in +the hold, and we perceived that the ship had beat over +the reef where we had 10 fathoms water. We let go the +small bower and veered away the cable and let go the +best bower under foot in 15 fathoms water to steady +the ship. At this time the water only gained upon us in +a small degree and we flattered ourselves for some time +that by the assistance of a top sail which we were preparing +and intended to haul under the ship's bottom we +might be able to free her of water, but these flattering<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73"></a>[<a href="./images/73.png">73</a>]</span> +hopes did not continue long, for as she settled in the water +the leaks increased and in so great a degree that there was +reason to apprehend that she would sink before daylight.</p> + +<p>In the course of the night two of the pumps were for some +time rendered useless, one, however was repaired, and we +continued baling and pumping the remainder of the night +and every effort was made to keep her afloat.<a name="FNanchor_73-1" id="FNanchor_73-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_73-1" class="fnanchor">[73-1]</a> Daylight +fortunately appeared and gave us the opportunity to see +our situation and the surrounding danger. Our boats +were kept astern of the ship; a small quantity of provisions +and other necessaries were put into them, rafts +were made, and all floating things upon the deck were +unlashed. At half past six the hold was filled with water, +and water was between decks and it also washed in at +the upper deck ports, and there were strong indications +that the ship was upon the very point of sinking, and we +began to leap overboard and to take to the boats, and +before everybody could get out of her the ship actually +sank.<a name="FNanchor_73-2" id="FNanchor_73-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_73-2" class="fnanchor">[73-2]</a> The boats continued astern on the ship in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74"></a>[<a href="./images/74.png">74</a>]</span> +direction of the drift of the tide from here, and took +up the people that had held on to the rafts or other +floating things that had been cast loose for the purpose +of supporting them in the water.<a name="FNanchor_74-1" id="FNanchor_74-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_74-1" class="fnanchor">[74-1]</a></p> + +<p>We loaded two of the boats with people and sent them +to the island, or rather key, about three or four miles from +the ship, and then other two boats remained near the ship +for some time and picked up all the people that could be +seen and then followed the two first boats to the key, and +after landing the people, &c. the boats were immediately +sent again to look about the wreck and the adjoining +reefs for missing people, but they returned without having +found a single person. On mustering we discovered that +89 of the ship's company and 10 of the pirates that were on +board were saved, and that 31<a name="FNanchor_74-2" id="FNanchor_74-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_74-2" class="fnanchor">[74-2]</a> of the ship's company<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75"></a>[<a href="./images/75.png">75</a>]</span> +and 4 pirates were lost with the ship. The boats were +hauled up and secured to fit them for the intended run +to Timor; an account was taken of the provision and other +articles saved, and they were spread to dry, and we put +ourselves to the following allowance, to 3 ounces of bread, +which was occasionally reduced to 2 ounces, to half an +ounce of portable soup, to half an ounce of essence of +malt, (but these two articles were not served until after +we left the key, and they were at other times withheld), +to two small glasses of water and one of wine.</p> + +<p>On the afternoon of the 30th sent a boat to the wreck +to see if anything could be procured. She returned +with the head of the T.G. mast, a little of the T.G. rigging, +and part of the chain of the lightning conductor, but +without a single article of provision. The boat was also +sent to examine the channel through the reef &c. and was +afterwards sent a-fishing. She lost her grapnel, but no +fish were caught.</p> + +<p>On the 31st the boats were completed and were launched, +and we put everything we had saved on board of them and +at half past ten in the forenoon we embarked, 30 on board +the launch, 25 in the pinnace, 23 in one yawl and 21 in +the other yawl.<a name="FNanchor_75-1" id="FNanchor_75-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_75-1" class="fnanchor">[75-1]</a> We steered N.W. by W. and W.N.W. +within the reef. This channel through the reef is better +than any hitherto known, besides the advantage it has<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76"></a>[<a href="./images/76.png">76</a>]</span> +of being situated further to the North, by which many +difficulties would be avoided when within the reef. In +the run from thence to the entrance of Endeavour Straits +there is a small white island or key on the larboard end +of the channel, which lies in Latitude 11° 23′ S., the sides +are strong and irregular.</p> + +<p>On the 1st September in the morning saw land, which +probably was the continent of New South Wales. The +yawls were sent on shore to ground and look out. They +saw a run of water, landed and filled their two barricois, +which were the only vessels of consequence they had with +them, and I steered for an island called by Lt. Bligh +Mountainous Island, and when joined by the boats ran +into a bay of that island where we saw Indians on the +beach. The water was shoal and the Indians waded off +to the boats. I gave them some presents and made them +sensible that we were in want of water. They brought +us a vessel filled with water which we had given them for +the purpose, and they returned to fill it again. They +used many signs to signify that they wished us to land, +but we declined their invitation from motives of +prudence.</p> + +<p>Just as a person was entering the water with the second +vessel of fresh water, an arrow was discharged at us by +another person, which struck my boat on the quarter, +and perceiving that they were collecting bows and arrows +a volley of small arms was fired at them which put them +to flight. I did not think proper to land and get water +by force as land was seen at that time in different directions, +which by appearance was likely to produce that +article, and which I flattered myself we might be able +to procure without being drove to that extremity. I +therefore ran close along the shore of this island and +landed at different places at some distance from the former +situation. I also landed at another island near it which I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77"></a>[<a href="./images/77.png">77</a>]</span> +called Plum Island<a name="FNanchor_77-1" id="FNanchor_77-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-1" class="fnanchor">[77-1]</a> from its producing a species of that +fruit, but we were unsuccessful in finding the article we +were in search of, and in so much want of.</p> + +<p>In the evening we steered for the islands which we +supposed were those called by Captain Cook the Prince +of Wales' Islands, and before midnight came to a grapnel +with the boats near one of these islands, in a large sound +formed by several of the surrounding islands, to several +of which we gave names, and called the sound Sandwich +Sound.<a name="FNanchor_77-2" id="FNanchor_77-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-2" class="fnanchor">[77-2]</a> It is fit for the reception of ships, having from +five to seven fathoms of water. There is plenty of wood +on most of the islands, and by digging we found very +good water. On the flat part of a large island which I +called Lafory's Island,<a name="FNanchor_77-3" id="FNanchor_77-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-3" class="fnanchor">[77-3]</a> situated on the larboard hand as +we entered the sound from the Eastward we saw a burying +place and several wolves<a name="FNanchor_77-4" id="FNanchor_77-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-4" class="fnanchor">[77-4]</a> near the watering place, +but we saw no natives. Here we filled our vessels with +water and made two canvas bags in which we also put +water, but with this assistance we had barely the means +to take a gallon of water for each man in the boats. We +sent our kettles on shore and made tea and portable +broth, and a few oysters were picked off the rocks with +which we made a comfortable meal, indeed the only +one we had made since the day before we left the ship.</p> + +<p>On the 2nd September at half past three in the afternoon +we stood out of the North entrance of the sound. +Before five we saw a reef extending from the North to +the W.N.W. and which appeared to run in the latter +direction or more to the Westward.<a name="FNanchor_77-5" id="FNanchor_77-5"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-5" class="fnanchor">[77-5]</a> On the edge of +this reef we had 3¼ fathoms of water and after hauling to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78"></a>[<a href="./images/78.png">78</a>]</span> +the S.W. we soon deepened our water to 5 fathoms. Besides +Mountainous and West Islands seen by Lt. Bligh +we saw several other islands between the North and the +West, one of which I called Hawkesbury Island. We +saw several large turtle.</p> + +<p>In the evening we saw the Northernmost extremity of +New South Wales, which forms the South side of Endeavour +Straits. At night the boats took each other in +tow and we steered to the Westward.</p> + +<p>It is unnecessary to retail our particular sufferings in +the boats during our run to Timor and it is sufficient to +observe that we suffered more from heat and thirst than +from hunger, and that our strength was greatly decreased.<a name="FNanchor_78-1" id="FNanchor_78-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_78-1" class="fnanchor">[78-1]</a> +We fortunately had good weather, and the sea was generally +not very rough, and the boats were more buoyant and +lively in the water that we reasonably could have expected +considering the weight and numbers we had in them.</p> + +<p>At seven o'clock in the morning of the 13th September +we saw the island of Timor bearing N.W. We continued +our course to the W.N.W. till noon, but the other boats +hauled for the land and we separated from them. At +one o'clock we were well in with the land and a party was +sent on shore in search of water, but none was found +here, nor at several other places we examined as we passed +along the coast, until the next morning, when good water +was found. We also bought a few small fish, which when +divided afforded some two or three ounces per man. +Here the launch joined us again. They informed us that +they had got a supply of water the evening before.</p> + +<p>On the 15th in the morning saw the island of Rotte. +At half past three in the afternoon entered the Straits<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79"></a>[<a href="./images/79.png">79</a>]</span> +of Samoa. Before midnight we came to a grapnel off +the float or Coopang and found here one ship, a ketch +and two or three small craft. The launch separated from +us soon after dark to get up to Coopang the next day +in the forenoon. On the morning of the 16th by our +account (which was the 17th in this country) at daylight +we hailed the fort and informed them whom we were. +A small boat was sent to us, and myself and Lt. Hayward +landed at the usual place near the Chinese Temple +where we were received by the Lt. Governor, Mr. Fruy +and Mr. Bouberg, Capt. Lieutenant of a Company ship +that lay in the road, and conducted by them to Governor +Wanjon, who received us with great humanity and goodness +of heart. Refreshments were immediately prepared +for myself and the lieutenant. Provision was provided, +the people ordered to land, and they all dined in the +Governor's own house, and an arrangement was made for +the reception and accommodation of the whole party +as they arrived.</p> + +<p>The church and the church-yard was assigned for the +use of the private seamen, a house was hired for the +warrant and petty officers. The people that were ill +were put under the care of Mr. Zimers, the Surgeon-General. +Governor Wanjon did me and Lt. Hayward +the honour of lodging and entertaining us in his own +house. Mr. Corner, the second Lieutenant and Mr. +Bentham, the Purser, were received in the house of +Mr. Fruy, the Lieutenant-Governor. Lt. Larkin and Mr. +Passmore were taken into the house of Mr. Brouberg, +the Captain-Lieutenant of the Company ship, and Mr. +Hamilton, the surgeon, was accommodated in the house +of Mr. Zimers, the <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Surgeon General'">Surgeon-General</ins>, and Governor Wanjon +did everything in his power to supply our present wants, +or that would contribute to the re-establishment of our +health and strength and even to our amusement, and this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80"></a>[<a href="./images/80.png">80</a>]</span> +benevolent example was followed by Mr. Fruy, the +Lieutenant-Governor and the other gentlemen of the place. +Two months' provision was provided for the ship's company +and put on board the <i>Remberg</i> [<i>Rembang</i>], a Dutch +East India Company ship, and we embarked on board +the same ship for Batavia on the 6th October, 1791.<a name="FNanchor_80-1" id="FNanchor_80-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_80-1" class="fnanchor">[80-1]</a></p> + +<p>Before we sailed Governor Wanjon delivered to me +eight men, one woman and two children who came to +Coopang in June last in a six-oared cutter. They are +supposed to be late deserters from the colony at Port +Jackson. Food bills were given on the different departments +of the Navy for the provisions and other necessaries +we were supplied with at Coopang and also for the maintenance +and cloathing of the convicts. I sold one of the yawls +to the Lieutenant-Governor and the longboat and the +other yawl to the Commander of the <i>Remberg</i>, the ship in +which we embarked. The latter was not to be delivered +up until I left Batavia, and I shall make myself accountable +to the Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy for the +amount. As I could take no more boats with me and the +pinnace being out of repair, I left her with the Governor +Wanjon with permission to do with her what he thought +proper.</p> + +<p>We stopped at Samarang, being an island of Java, +where we had the good fortune to be joined by our tender +that had separated from us off the island of Oattoah. +She had all her people on board except one man, whom<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81"></a>[<a href="./images/81.png">81</a>]</span> +they had buried a few days before. She had been stopped +at Java on suspicion, and they were going to send her to +Batavia. Mr. Overstratin, the Governor of the place, +delivered her up to me. The tender had contracted +a small debt for provisions &c. at Java, which I shall +discharge. She fell in to the Westward of Annamooka, +the island I had appointed to rendezvous on, without +seeing it, and then steered two days to the Westward +nearly in its latitude and fell in with an island which I +suppose must be one of the Fiji Islands, where they had +waited for me five weeks, and then proceeded through +Endeavour Straits and intended to stop at Batavia. +With the iron and salt I had provided them with they were +enabled to procure and preserve sufficient provision for +their run to Java.</p> + +<p>I arrived at Batavia on the 7th November and on +application to the Governor and Council my people were +put on board a Dutch East India Company's ship that +was lying in the Road to be kept there until they could +be sent to Europe, and the sick were ordered to be received +by the Company's hospital at Batavia, and I have since +agreed with the Dutch East India Company to divide +my ship's company into four parts, and to embark them +on board four of their ships for Holland at no expense to +the Government further than for the officers and prisoners, +which appeared to me to be the most eligible and least +expensive way of getting to England. Lt. Larkin, two +petty officers, and eighteen seamen embarked on the <i>Zwan</i>, +a Dutch East India ship on the 19th November and are +sailing for Europe, and myself and the remainder of the +<i>Pandora's</i> company and the prisoners are to embark as +soon as their ships are manned. Myself and the pirates +are to embark on board the <i>Vreedenberg</i>, Captain Christian +and I have stipulated that myself and the prisoners may +be at liberty to go on board any of His Majesty's ships,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82"></a>[<a href="./images/82.png">82</a>]</span> +or other vessels we may meet with on mine or my officer's +application for the purpose.</p> + +<p>Enclosed is the latitudes and longitudes of several +islands, &c. we discovered during our voyage, the state +of the <i>Pandora's</i> company, a list of pirates belonging to +the <i>Bounty</i>, taken at Otaheite and a list of convicts, +deserters from the colony at Port Jackson. It may be +necessary to observe that these last have several names, +and that William Bryant and James Cox pretend that their +time of transportation has expired, but these two then +found a boat and money to procure necessaries to enable +themselves and others to escape, for which I presume they +are liable to punishment, and think it my duty to give +information.</p> + +<p>Although I have not had the good fortune to fully +accomplish the object of my voyage, and that it has in +other respects been strongly marked with great misfortunes, +I hope it will be thought that the first is not for +want of perseverence, or the latter for want of the care +and attention of myself and those under my command, +but that the disappointment and misfortune arose from +the difficulties and peculiar circumstances of the service +we were upon; that those of my orders I have been able +to fulfil, with the discoveries that have been made will be +some compensation for the disappointment and misfortunes +that have attended us, and should their Lordships +upon the whole think that the voyage will be profitable +to our country it will be a great consolation to,</p> + +<p class="center">Sir,</p> +<p class="right">Your most humble and obedient servant,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>.    </p> +<p>Philip Stevens Esq."</p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83"></a>[<a href="./images/83.png">83</a>]</span></p> + + +<p class="right">"Cape of Good Hope,    <br /> +19th March, 1792.</p> + +<p>    <span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> + +<p>Agreeable to my intentions which I did myself +the honour to signify to you in a letter addressed from +Batavia and sent by a Dutch packet bound to Europe, +I embarked the remainder of the Company of His Majesty's +ship <i>Pandora</i>, pirates late belonging to the <i>Bounty</i> and +the convicts deserters from Port Jackson, on board three +Dutch East India ships as follows:—</p> + +<p>Myself, the master, Purser, Gunner, Clerk, two midshipmen, +twentyone seamen, and ten pirates on board the +<i>Vreedenburg</i>, bound to Amsterdam.</p> + +<p>Lt. Corner, the surgeon, three midshipmen, fourteen +seamen, and half the convicts on board the <i>Horssen</i>, +bound to Rotterdam, and Lt. Hayward, the boatswain, +surgeon's mate, three midshipmen, fifteen seamen and the +other half of the convicts on board the <i>Hoornwey</i>, bound +to Rotterdam.</p> + +<p>Lt. Larkin with two petty officers and eighteen seamen +were embarked on board the <i>Zwan</i> and sailed from +Batavia previous to the date of my former letter, and I +am now informed that she has been at this port and sailed +from hence for Europe more than a month before my +arrival.</p> + +<p>I found His Majesty's Ship <i>Gorgon</i> here on her return +from Port Jackson, and on account both of expedition +and greater security I intend to avail myself of the opportunity +to embark on board of her with the ten pirates +for England, and I request that you will be pleased to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84"></a>[<a href="./images/84.png">84</a>]</span> +communicate the circumstances to My Lords Commissioners +of the Admiralty.</p> + +<p class="center">I have the honour to be, Sir,</p> +<p class="right">Your most obedient and humble servant,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>."    </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="right">"Admiralty Office,    <br /> +June, 19th 1792.</p> + +<p>    <span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> + +<p>I beg leave to inform you that I found His Majesty's +Ship <i>Gorgon</i> at the Cape of Good Hope on my arrival +there in the <i>Vreedenburg</i>, a Dutch East India Company's +ship, from Batavia, and I thought it proper to remove the +pirates late belonging to His Majesty's armed vessel, +the <i>Bounty</i>, and the convicts, deserters from Port Jackson +(whom I had under my charge on board the Dutch East +India Company's ships) into His Majesty's said ship, for +their greater security, and I took the same opportunity +myself to embark on board on her for England and I +hope that these steps will be approved of by their Lordships.</p> + +<p>I gave you an account of my arrival at the Cape of +Good Hope and of my intentions to embark on board the +<i>Gorgon</i> with the pirates, convicts, &c. in a letter which I +did myself the honour to address to you from thence and +sent by the <i>Baring</i>, Thomas Fingey, Master, an American +ship bound to Ostend.</p> + +<p>Inclosed is the state of the company of His Majesty's +Ship <i>Pandora</i> at the time I left the Cape of Good Hope, +and the manner in which they were disposed of on board +Dutch East India Company's ships in order to be brought +to Europe and also a list of the pirates late belonging to +the <i>Bounty</i>, and of the convicts, deserters from Port +Jackson, delivered to me by Mr. Wanjon, the Governor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85"></a>[<a href="./images/85.png">85</a>]</span> +of the Dutch settlements in the island of Timor, now on +board His Majesty's Ship <i>Gorgon</i>.</p> + +<p>I arrived yesterday evening at St. Helens, left the +<i>Gorgon</i>, and landed at Portsmouth last night and I am +now at this office awaiting their Lordships' Commands.</p> + +<p class="center">And I have the honour to be, Sir,</p> +<p class="right">Your most obedient and humble servant,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>.    </p> +<p>Philip Stevens, Esq."</p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">A list</span> of convicts, deserters from Port Jackson, delivered +to Captain Edward Edwards of His Majesty's Ship +<i>Pandora</i> by Timotheus Wanjon, Governor of the +Dutch Settlements at Timor, 5th October, 1791.</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>William Allen, On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>John Butcher, On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>Nathaniel Lilley, On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>James Martin, On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>Mary Bryant. Transported by the name of Mary Broad. On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>William Morton, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship, <i>Hoornwey</i>.</li> +<li>William Bryant, Dd 22nd December 1791, Hospital Batavia.</li> +<li>James Cox, Dd, fell overboard Straits of Sunda.</li> +<li>John Simms, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship <i>Hoornwey</i>.</li> +<li>Children of the above William and Mary Bryant.<ul class="plain"> + <li>Emanuel Bryant, Dd 1st December 1791, Batavia.</li> + <li>Charlotte Bryant, Dd 6th May 1792 on board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> + +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards.</span>    </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86"></a>[<a href="./images/86.png">86</a>]</span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">A list</span> of one Petty Officer and four Seamen lost in a +cutter belonging to His Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i>, at +Palmerston's Island on the 24th May, 1791.</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>John Sival, Midshipman.</li> +<li>James Good, Seamen.</li> +<li>William Wasdel, Seamen.</li> +<li>James Scott, Seamen.</li> +<li>Joseph Cunningham, Seamen.</li></ul> + +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards.</span>    </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">List</span> of Pirates late belonging to His Majesty's ship +<i>Bounty</i> taken by His Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i>, +Captain Edward Edwards, at Otaheite.</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Coleman, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>Peter Haywood, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>Michael Burn, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>James Morrison, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>Charles Norman, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>. </li> +<li>Thomas Ellison, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>Thomas MacIntosh, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>William Muspratt, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>Thomas Burkitt, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>John Millward, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li> +<li>George Stewart, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li> +<li>Richard Skinner, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li> +<li>Henry Heilbrant, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li> +<li>John Sumner, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li></ul> + +<p class="right">(Signed) <span class="smcap">Edward Edwards</span>.    </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87"></a>[<a href="./images/87.png">87</a>]</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">State</span> of the Company of H.M.S. <i>Pandora</i>, Captain +Edward Edwards: and the manner disposed of on +board Dutch East India Company's Ships for their +voyage to Europe.</p> + +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="State of the Company of H.M.S. Pandora"> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'>Com. Off. & Master.</td><td align='right'>Warrant Officers.</td><td align='right'>Petty Officers.</td><td align='right'>Seamen.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Zwan, Lt. John Larkan,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>17</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Horssen, Lt. Robert Corner,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>13</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mr. George Hamilton Surgeon.</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hornwey, Lt. Thos. Hayward,</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>John Cunningham, Boatswain,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>14</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Vreedenberg, Mr. G. Passmore, Master,</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser, Mr. Jos.</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>18</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Parker gunner and 1 Supernumary belonging to H.M. armed vessel <i>Supply</i>.</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hospital at Batavia,</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>1</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>, Captain Edwards,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td></tr> +</table></div> +<p> </p> +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Pandora Company"> +<tr><td align='left'>Whole Number borne,</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Died since ship was lost,</td><td align='right'>16</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Discharged,</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'>——</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Whole number Ship's company saved in ship and tender</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Supernumaries.</td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Do. Pirates,</td><td align='right'>10</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Convicts, 4 men and 1 woman</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards.</span>    </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88"></a>[<a href="./images/88.png">88</a>]</span></p> + +<p class="right">"No. 8, Craven Street,    <br /> +Strand,        <br /> +9th July, 1792.</p> + +<p>    <span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> + +<p>I beg leave to acquaint you that I have information +that the <i>Vreedenburg</i> and the <i>Horssen</i>, two Dutch East India +Company's ships, on board of which part of the company of +His Majesty's ship <i>Pandora</i> are embarked, were off the +Start on the 5th of this month, on their way to Holland, +and that the <i>Hoornwey</i>, the ship on board which the remainder +of the company of the <i>Pandora</i> were embarked, +was expected to sail from the Cape of Good Hope in about +three weeks after the two former ships left that place, +but the account does not mention the day they left the +Cape themselves.</p> + +<p class="center">I have the honour to be, Sir,</p> +<p class="right">Your most obedient and humble servant,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Edward Edwards</span>."    </p> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p><span class="smcap">List</span> of islands and places discovered by H.M.S. <i>Pandora</i>, +with their latitudes and longitudes.</p> + +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Islands discovered by H.M.S. Pandora"> +<tr><td align='left'>Names of Islands.</td><td align='left'>Lat. S.</td><td align='left'>Long. W.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ducie Island,</td><td align='left'>24° 40′ 30″</td><td align='left'>124° 40′ 30″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lord Hood's Island,</td><td align='left'>21° 31′ 00″</td><td align='left'>135° 32′ 30″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Carysfort Island,</td><td align='left'>20° 49′ 00″</td><td align='left'>138° 33′ 00″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Duke of Clarence Island,</td><td align='left'>9° 09′ 30″</td><td align='left'>171° 30′ 46″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Otewhy or Chatham,</td><td align='left'>13° 32′ 30″</td><td align='left'>172° 18′ 25″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Howe's Isles,</td><td align='left'>18° 32′ 30″</td><td align='left'>173° 53′ 00″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Gardener's Isles,</td><td align='left'>17° 57′ 00″</td><td align='left'>175° 16′ 54″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Bickerton's Isle,</td><td align='left'>18° 47′ 40″</td><td align='left'>174° 48′ 00″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Onooafow or Probys Isle,</td><td align='left'>15° 53′ 00″</td><td align='left'>175° 51′ 00″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Rotumah or Grenville Isles,</td><td align='left'>12° 29′ 00″</td><td align='left'>183° 03′ 00″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pandora's Bank,</td><td align='left'>12° 11′ 00″</td><td align='left'>188° 08′ 00″<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89"></a>[<a href="./images/89.png">89</a>]</span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mitre Island,</td><td align='left'>11° 49′ 00″</td><td align='left'>190° 04′ 30″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cherry Island,</td><td align='left'>11° 37′ 30″</td><td align='left'>190° 19′ 30″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pitt's Isle (South Point),</td><td align='left'>11° 50′ 30″</td><td align='left'>193° 14′ 05″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wells Shoal on reef,</td><td align='left'>12° 20′ 00″</td><td align='left'>202° 02′ 00″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cape Rodney,</td><td align='left'>10° 03′ 32″</td><td align='left'>212° 14′ 05″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mount Clarence between the two Orayas.</td><td align='left'> </td><td align='left'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cape Hood,</td><td align='left'>9° 58′ 06″</td><td align='left'>212° 37′ 10″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Look Out Shoal.</td><td align='left'> </td><td align='left'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Stoney Reef Islands.</td><td align='left'> </td><td align='left'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Murray's Islands,</td><td align='left'>9° 57′ 00″</td><td align='left'>216° 43′ 00″</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wreck Reef.</td><td align='left'> </td><td align='left'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Escape Key,</td><td align='left'>11° 23′ 00″</td><td align='left'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Entrance Key,</td><td align='left'>11° 23′ 00″</td><td align='left'> </td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards.</span>    </p> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> +<p><span class="smcap">A list</span> of 14 pirates, belonging to H.M.S. late ship <i>Bounty</i>, +taken at Otaheite.</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Coleman.</li> +<li>Peter Haywood.</li> +<li>Michael Byrne.</li> +<li>James Morrison.</li> +<li>Charles Norman.</li> +<li>Thomas Ellison.</li> +<li>Thomas M'Intosh.</li> +<li>William Muspratt.</li> +<li>Thomas Burkitt.</li> +<li>John Millward.</li> +<li>George Stewart, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li> +<li>Richard Skinner, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li> +<li>Henry Hillbrant, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li> +<li>John Sumner, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li></ul> + + +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards.</span>    </p> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="short" /> + + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30-1" id="Footnote_30-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30-1"><span class="label">[30-1]</span></a> They sighted Easter Island on March 4th, 1791, Ducie's Island on +the 16th, Hoods' Island on the 17th, and Carysfort on the 19th. The +latitude and description of Ducie's Island leaves little doubt that it +was the first island discovered by Quiros on January 26th, 1606 and +called by him Luna Puesta. It appears as Encarnaçion in Espinosa's +chart. Quiros thus describes it: "A buen juzgar dista de Lima ochocientas +leguas: tiene cinco de boj, mucha arboleda y playas de arena, +y junto á tierra fondo de ochenta brazas." Had Edwards but sailed +due west from Ducie Island he must have sighted Pitcairn and discovered +the hiding-place of Fletcher Christian's ill-fated colony.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31-1" id="Footnote_31-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31-1"><span class="label">[31-1]</span></a> An American vessel.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33-1" id="Footnote_33-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33-1"><span class="label">[33-1]</span></a> Morrison was Boatswain's Mate of the <i>Bounty</i>. He had previously +served as midshipman in the navy, and by talent and education he was +far above the station he held in Bligh's ship. It was he who planned +and directed the building of the fast-sailing little schooner which acted +as the <i>Pandora's</i> tender, was the first vessel to anchor in Fiji, and made +the record passage from China to the Sandwich Islands. Morrison was +chaplain as well as foreman to the little band of shipwrights. On +Sundays he hoisted the English colours on a staff and read the Church +Service to them. He kept a journal, not only throughout the <i>Bounty's</i> +cruise, but during his sojourn with the mutineers in Tahiti, and, though +it is not explained how he contrived to preserve it through the wreck +of the <i>Pandora</i> and the boat voyage, there can be no doubt that it was +a genuine document. At Captain Heywood's death it passed with his +other papers to his daughters. This journal has been annotated and +corrected by another hand, probably Heywood's own, but without +material alteration of the sense. It is filled with acrimony against +Bligh from the outset of the <i>Bounty's</i> cruise, and the form of the +entries shows that it was intended to be the basis for laying serious +charges against him when the ship was paid off. It is needless to add +that it does not spare Edwards in respect of his treatment of his +prisoners.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36-1" id="Footnote_36-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36-1"><span class="label">[36-1]</span></a> The <i>Pandora</i> found one of them at Palmerston Island.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-1" id="Footnote_37-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-1"><span class="label">[37-1]</span></a> Executed at Portsmouth.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-2" id="Footnote_37-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-2"><span class="label">[37-2]</span></a> Pardoned.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-3" id="Footnote_37-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-3"><span class="label">[37-3]</span></a> Acquitted.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-4" id="Footnote_37-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-4"><span class="label">[37-4]</span></a> Drowned in the wreck of the <i>Pandora</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-5" id="Footnote_37-5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-5"><span class="label">[37-5]</span></a> Morrison said that his plan was to reach Batavia in time to secure +a passage home in the next fleet bound to Holland, and that the return +to Tahiti was occasioned, not by any distrust of his talents, but by the +refusal of the natives, who were anxious to keep them in Tahiti, to +victual the ship for so long a voyage. There were no casks on the +schooner for storing water. Morrison, Heywood and Stewart had +planned an escape from Tubuai in the <i>Bounty's</i> boat, but, fortunately +for them—since the attempt would have been certain death—their plan +was discovered and frustrated by the other mutineers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38-1" id="Footnote_38-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38-1"><span class="label">[38-1]</span></a> Oliver, master's mate; Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds, +quartermaster; and six seamen.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40-1" id="Footnote_40-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40-1"><span class="label">[40-1]</span></a> Oatafu, one of the Union Group, discovered by Commodore Byron +in 1765. If the mutineers had settled there they would have starved, +for there is neither food nor water. Since Byron's discovery a native +settlement has been made from Bowditch Island (Fakaago), and the +people, about 100 in number, live on fish, pandanus, and water caught +in holes cut on the lee side of the cocoa-palms.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40-2" id="Footnote_40-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40-2"><span class="label">[40-2]</span></a> The northernmost island of the Cook Group, discovered by Bligh, +April 11, 1798, a few days before the mutiny. In 1823 John Williams, +the missionary, heard at Rarotonga a native tradition of Bligh's visit. +The natives heard the first rumours of a world beyond their own from +two Tahitian castaways who had seen Captain Cook, and had with them +an iron hatchet obtained from the <i>Resolution</i>. They represented the +strange beings who traversed the ocean in vast canoes, not lashed with +sinnet nor furnished with outriggers, as impious people who laughed +at the tabu, and even ate of the consecrated food from the Maraés. +They were like the gods; if they were attacked they blew at their +assailants with long blow-pipes (pupuhi) from which flames and stones +were belched. Such were the Tutë (Cooks)<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: added missing period">.</ins> Thereafter, having need +of iron (kurima) and other wonders current in Tahiti the men of Aitutaki +prayed to their gods to send the Tutë to their island with axes and nails +and <i>pupuhi</i>, and this, according to an old priest, was their prayer. +"O great Tangaroa, send your large ship to our land: let us see the +Cookees. Great Tangiia, send us a dead sea, send us a propitious gale, +to bring the far-famed Cookees to our land, to give us nails and iron +and axes; let us see these outriggerless canoes." And with the feast +presented with the prayer were promises of greater feasts so soon as +their prayer was answered. The gods heard them. A few months later +the Cookees came. The great ship did not anchor, but one of the natives +took his courage in both hands, and went off in his canoe. He brought +back strange tales of what he had seen. It was a floating island; there +were two rivers flowing on it (the pumps), and two plantations in which +grew taro and sugar-cane and bread-fruit, and the keel scraped the +bottom of the sea, for he dived as deep as he could go without finding it. +</p><p> +Williams has fallen into two errors in his account (<a href="#Page_171">p. 171</a>). In the same +breath he claims for himself the discovery of Rarotonga, in 1823, and +announces this to have been a visit of the <i>Bounty</i> after she was taken +by the mutineers, <i>i.e.</i> in April, 1789. Rarotonga was, in fact, discovered +by the ship <i>Seringapatam</i> in 1814, though Williams may have +been the first to land. The tradition must have referred to Bligh's visit +to Aitutaki before the mutiny when the decks were encumbered with +bread-fruit, for we know that the first thing the mutineers did after +setting their captain adrift was to throw all the bread-fruit plants overboard, +and that they steered direct for Tahiti.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42-1" id="Footnote_42-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42-1"><span class="label">[42-1]</span></a> Discovered by Cook in his second voyage. There are nine small +islands connected by a reef, covered with trees, but destitute of water.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43-1" id="Footnote_43-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43-1"><span class="label">[43-1]</span></a> Sufficient for thirty days at most. In the face of the danger of parting +company, with the <i>Pandora</i> overloaded with stores, and the tender +too feebly manned to wait at so dangerous a rendezvous as the Friendly +Islands, Edwards showed very little foresight in neglecting to provision +the tender for an independent voyage. His neglect nearly cost the crew +their lives.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44-1" id="Footnote_44-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44-1"><span class="label">[44-1]</span></a> See <a href="#Page_126">p. 126</a>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46-1" id="Footnote_46-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46-1"><span class="label">[46-1]</span></a> Fakaafo or Bowditch Island, whence the present permanent inhabitants +migrated.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46-2" id="Footnote_46-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46-2"><span class="label">[46-2]</span></a> Nukunono, a new discovery, another of the Union Group. It was +surveyed by the American Exploring Expedition in 1840, and was +found to be 7-2/10 miles long, N. and S., and 5 miles E. and W.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48-1" id="Footnote_48-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48-1"><span class="label">[48-1]</span></a> The actual position is 9·5′ S. Latitude and 171·38′ W. Longitude.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49-1" id="Footnote_49-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49-1"><span class="label">[49-1]</span></a> Savaii in the Samoa Group. If not the 'Beauman' Islands seen by +Roggewein in 1721, they were discovered by Bougainville in 1768 and +visited by La Pérouse in 1787. Freycinet also visited them before +Edwards.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49-2" id="Footnote_49-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49-2"><span class="label">[49-2]</span></a> Mata-atua Harbour. There is no river there except after heavy rain.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49-3" id="Footnote_49-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49-3"><span class="label">[49-3]</span></a> He had a finger cut off in mourning for Finau Ulukalala, who must +have died in 1790.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-1" id="Footnote_50-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-1"><span class="label">[50-1]</span></a> La Pérouse and Kotzebue call it Pola.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-2" id="Footnote_50-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-2"><span class="label">[50-2]</span></a> Upolu on which is Apia, the present capital of Samoa.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-3" id="Footnote_50-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-3"><span class="label">[50-3]</span></a> Upolu is the native name, but it has been called Ojalava, Oahtooha, +Ojatava, and Opoloo by different navigators, who may have taken the +names of villages or districts to mean the whole island. The population +exceeded 20,000 at the beginning of last century.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-4" id="Footnote_50-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-4"><span class="label">[50-4]</span></a> Turmeric powder, never a mark of distinction, was besmeared over +nursing mothers, chief women at the feasts connected with puberty, +and persons concerned in certain other ceremonies.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51-1" id="Footnote_51-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51-1"><span class="label">[51-1]</span></a> Bougainville sighted Upolu on May 5th, 1760. A thick fog which +came on that afternoon, and lasted all the following day, prevented +him from approaching it, and from seeing Savaii, which he would have +seen on May 7th in clear weather. La Pérouse coasted along its southern +shore on December 17th, 1789. Unfortunately, smarting from the +massacre of de Langle and his boat's crew at Tutuila, he was in no mood +for communicating with the natives, and he did not anchor.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51-2" id="Footnote_51-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51-2"><span class="label">[51-2]</span></a> See <a href="#Page_12">p. 12</a>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52-1" id="Footnote_52-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52-1"><span class="label">[52-1]</span></a> Fatafehi is the hereditary title of one of the spiritual chiefs of Tonga<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: added missing period">.</ins> +He had no executive authority, but his wealth, derived from his lands +and the offerings to which he was entitled, gave him considerable +influence. The complicated hierarchy of spiritual chiefs in Tonga was +a continual puzzle to Cook. Fatafehi at this time was an ornamental +personage, inferior in dignity to the Tui Tonga, and in power to Tukuaho, +who wielded the authority of his father Mumui, the Tui Kanakubolu. +The Toobou (Tubou) mentioned here was the deputy of the tyrant +Tukuaho, who, eight years later, was to pay the penalty of his crimes +in the Revolution of 1799. Hamilton mentions that the tradition of +Tasman's visit in 1642 was still preserved.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54-1" id="Footnote_54-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54-1"><span class="label">[54-1]</span></a> Among the people who boarded the ship from Tofoa Lieut. Hayward +recognized some of those who attacked Bligh's boat four days after the +mutiny, and murdered Quartermaster Norton, but solicitude for the +crew of the tender, which might call there, prevented Edwards from +punishing them as they deserved. No doubt, both at Tofoa and +Namuka, the natives would have attempted to take the ship had they +thought success possible as, we now know, they had planned to capture +Cook's ships, and as they actually did capture the privateer <i>Port-au-Prince</i> +in 1806 at Haapai. In 1808 William Mariner, one of the survivors +of that ill-fated ship, who has left behind him the best account of a +native race that exists probably in any language, was led by the strange +native account of Norton's murder, to visit his grave. The natives +asserted that Norton was killed by a carpenter for the sake of an axe +which he was carrying; that his body was stripped and dragged some +distance inland to a <i>Malae</i> where it lay exposed for three days before +burial; and that the grass had never since grown upon the track of the +body nor upon its resting-place on the <i>Malae</i>. Mariner found a bare +track leading inland from the beach and terminating in a bare patch, +lying transversely, about the length and breadth of a man. It did not +appear to be a beaten path, nor were there people enough in the neighbourhood +to make such a path. Probably it was an old track, long +disused and forgotten, for by such natural causes is man's belief in the +supernatural fed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55-1" id="Footnote_55-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55-1"><span class="label">[55-1]</span></a> The Vavau Group, called by the natives Haafuluhao, which then +as now, owed spiritual allegiance to Tonga.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55-2" id="Footnote_55-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55-2"><span class="label">[55-2]</span></a> Manua, the most Easterly of the Samoa Group, called Opoun by +La Pérouse.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55-3" id="Footnote_55-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55-3"><span class="label">[55-3]</span></a> Tutuila, discovered by Roggewein in 1721, visited by Bougainville +4th May, 1768, and by La Pérouse 10th December, 1787. On the day +before his murder by the natives, Comte de Langle, La Pérouse's second +in command, discovered Pangopango harbour while on a walk through +the island, but neither Bougainville nor La Pérouse seems to have discerned +the masked fissure in the cliff which forms its entrance. Edwards +must have had a copy of Bougainville on board, but no record of La +Pérouse's visit four years before, or he would have shown greater +caution in communicating with the natives. That he had heard something +of La Pérouse's voyage, and had some ground for suspicion is +shown by Hamilton. A detailed account of de Langle's murder is to +be found in "La Pérouse's Voyage," vol. ii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56-1" id="Footnote_56-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56-1"><span class="label">[56-1]</span></a> Vavau.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57-1" id="Footnote_57-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57-1"><span class="label">[57-1]</span></a> He might have added "in the Pacific," for it is a magnificent land-locked +harbour, a little narrow for sailing ships to beat out of in a +southerly wind, but excellent for steamships.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57-2" id="Footnote_57-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57-2"><span class="label">[57-2]</span></a> This was Finau Ulukalala, one of the most notable men in Tongan +history. He had just succeeded his elder brother, the Finau (Feenow) +of Captain Cook's visit in 1777. On April 21st, 1799, he conspired +against Tukuaho, the temporal sovereign of Tonga and assassinated +him, plunging Tonga into a civil anarchy which lasted twenty years. +He was Mariner's patron and protector until his death in 1809. "The +great master of Greek drama," says a writer in the "Quarterly Review," +"could have desired no better elements than are to be found in the +history of this remarkable man; his remorseless ambition and his +natural affections—his contempt for the fables and ceremonies of his +country when in prosperity—his patient submission to them when in +distress—his strong intellects—his evil deeds—and the death which +was believed to be inflicted on him in vengeance by the over-ruling +divinities whom he defied."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-1" id="Footnote_58-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-1"><span class="label">[58-1]</span></a> Hunga.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-2" id="Footnote_58-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-2"><span class="label">[58-2]</span></a> Niuababu.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-3" id="Footnote_58-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-3"><span class="label">[58-3]</span></a> Falevai.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-4" id="Footnote_58-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-4"><span class="label">[58-4]</span></a> Fonua Lei (Land of Whales' teeth).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-5" id="Footnote_58-5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-5"><span class="label">[58-5]</span></a> Laté.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-6" id="Footnote_58-6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-6"><span class="label">[58-6]</span></a> Toku.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-7" id="Footnote_58-7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-7"><span class="label">[58-7]</span></a> These islands had already been twice visited and named, and Cook, +though he did not visit them, gives all their native names in his list +of the islands composing the Friendly or Tonga Group. The honour of +their discovery belongs to the Spanish pilot Maurelle, who sailed from +Manila in 1781, without proper charts or instruments and almost +without provisions for his long voyage to America. Reduced to +desperate straits by famine, he sighted Fonua Lei, the northernmost +of the Tonga Group, which he called Margoura, believing it to be one of +the Solomon Islands. At Vavau he was liberally entertained by Bau +or Poulaho, the Tui Tonga of Cook's visit four years before. La Pérouse +passed close to the islands in December, 1787, but, consistent with his +determination to hold no further intercourse with natives after the +murder of M. de Langle, did not enter the harbour of Neiafu. Edwards +had no account of either of these voyages. La Pérouse's journals were +not published until 1797. +</p><p> +Fonua Lei was again destroyed by an eruption in 1846. The inhabitants +who had plantations on it were removed to Vavau just in time.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59-1" id="Footnote_59-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59-1"><span class="label">[59-1]</span></a> There is only one. It was so named by Tasman 1642. Maurelle +called it Sola. But Edwards probably mistook the twin islets of Hunga +Tonga and Hunga Haapai for Pylstaart.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62-1" id="Footnote_62-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62-1"><span class="label">[62-1]</span></a> Niua-fo'ou (New Niua), discovered by W. Cornelis Schouten in the +Dutch ship <i>Eendracht</i> (Unity) on May 14th, 1616, and named by him +"Good Hope" Island. Twelve canoes came off, and some of them +attempted to take the boat that he had sent ashore for water, but +desisted on discharge of a volley which killed two men. He wrote: +"The island was full of black cliffs, green on the top, and black, and +was full of coco-trees and black earth. There was a large village, +and several other houses on the seashore: the land was undulating, +but not very high." No ship is known to have visited the island from +1614 to this visit in 1791. +</p><p> +The cocoanuts grown here are the largest in the world, but the +specimens planted in other islands do not appear to maintain their +abnormal size. The island is further remarkable from the fact that the +Megapodius, or Scrub hen, is plentiful there, and nowhere else in the +Pacific further east than the New Hebrides. The natives have no +traditions of its introduction. The eggs have been prized as a delicacy +in Tonga for centuries, and are exported thither by every canoe going +southward during the breeding season. It is said that they are sometimes +hatched artificially, but the young <i>malao</i> does not take kindly +to the bush in Tonga, although the vegetation is much the same. +Why should the bird be found in Polynesia, having skipped all the +intermediate islands of Melanesia? To what story of the migration +of races is it the only clue?</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63-1" id="Footnote_63-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63-1"><span class="label">[63-1]</span></a> Niuatobutabu, like Niuafoou, subject to the King of Tonga.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63-2" id="Footnote_63-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63-2"><span class="label">[63-2]</span></a> Uea, discovered by Wallis in 1767, and visited by Maurelle on April +22nd, 1781. It has 3000 inhabitants who are said by the French missionaries +to be increasing. Uea is nominally independent under its +own queen, but the French priests wield the real power in so spirited +a fashion that the natives frequently attempt to escape from the island +as stowaways.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64-1" id="Footnote_64-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64-1"><span class="label">[64-1]</span></a> Mourning for the death of a chief or near relation.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65-1" id="Footnote_65-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65-1"><span class="label">[65-1]</span></a> This confirms the story of Kau Moala, a Tongan navigator, who +returned to his native land in 1807 and related his adventures to +Mariner. He had visited Futuna, Rotuma and Fiji in a double canoe, +and, in describing Rotuma, he related the legend of two giants who had +migrated from Tonga to Rotuma in legendary times. He was shown +gigantic bones in proof of the story, the bones, no doubt, of some +marine monster. Mention is made of Rotuma in a Tongan saga of the +early sixteenth century, and there can be no doubt that there was +occasional intercourse between these distant islands during the period +when the Tongans were the Norsemen of the Pacific. +</p><p> +Kau Moala heard nothing of Edwards' visit, though he brought +news of the visit of a ship to Futuna, and of an ineffectual attempt to +take her—perhaps the visit of Schouten, whose account of the affray +tallies closely with theirs even to the killing of six natives. The tradition +was still fresh after 190 years. Edwards' visit, having brought no +disasters on the natives, escaped the attention of the native poets and +was forgotten.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67-1" id="Footnote_67-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67-1"><span class="label">[67-1]</span></a> Native name Fataka. The Russian Captain Kroutcheff, who landed +upon it in 1822, found it uninhabited.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67-2" id="Footnote_67-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67-2"><span class="label">[67-2]</span></a> Kroutcheff placed it 41 minutes further west.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68-1" id="Footnote_68-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68-1"><span class="label">[68-1]</span></a> This was Vanikoro in the Santa Cruz Group. It was probably seen +by Mendaña in 1595, and again by Carteret in 1767, but the interest +attached to it by Europeans, and particularly to Edwards' visit, lies +in the undoubted fact that at that very time there were survivors of +La Pérouse's ill-fated expedition upon it. If his search for the mutineers +had been as keen at this part of his voyage as it was in the earlier +portion, he would have been the means of rescuing them. The smoke +he saw may well have been signal fires lighted by the castaways to +attract his attention. +</p><p> +La Pérouse's ships were cast away in 1788, just three years before, +shortly after the Commander had delivered his journals to Governor +Phillip in Botany Bay for transmission to Europe. Their fate was +unknown until Peter Dillon chanced upon a French swordhilt in Tucopia +thirty-eight years later in 1826. Satisfying himself that they had +been brought from Vanikoro, he persuaded the East India Company +to place him in command of a search expedition. In 1827 he made a +thorough examination of the island, and found the remains of the +<i>Boussole</i>; the <i><ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Astrotabe'">Astrolabe</ins></i>, according to the native account, having +foundered in deep water. He found the clearing where the survivors +had felled timber to build themselves a brig in which they sailed to meet +a second shipwreck elsewhere, perhaps on the Great Barrier reef of +Queensland. But two had been left, and of these one had died shortly +before his visit, and the other had gone with the natives to another +island leaving no trace behind him. +</p><p> +D'Entrecasteaux, when in search of La Pérouse in 1793, also passed +within sight of the castaways. +</p><p> +D'Urville made a thorough examination of the island both in 1828 +and 1838. The relics brought home by Dillon may be seen in the +Gallerie de la Marine in the Louvre.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69-1" id="Footnote_69-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69-1"><span class="label">[69-1]</span></a> This was the dangerous reef now known as Indispensable Reef, +after the ship <i>Indispensable</i> commanded by Captain Wilkinson, who +discovered it in 1790.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69-2" id="Footnote_69-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69-2"><span class="label">[69-2]</span></a> It was, in fact, the mainland of New Guinea. The land East of Cape +Rodney, comprising Orangerie, Table, and Cloudy Bays, lies so low +and is so generally obscured with haze that on a dull day Edwards +would not have seen it. +</p><p> +It is doubtful whether Edwards' Capes Rodney and Hood, are +correctly placed in the modern charts. Our Cape Rodney is not a +conspicuous headland, and it lies half a degree eastward of 212·14 W. +Longitude, and 9′ South of 10<sup>6</sup>·3° S. Latitude. Edwards' positions are +usually so accurate that I cannot see why they should have been +departed from. Our Cape Hood, on the other hand, is exactly in the +position of his Cape Rodney, and is besides a very conspicuous wooded +tongue of land. Beyond is another conspicuous point. Round Head, +which corresponds in position with Edwards' Cape Hood. Mount +Clarence, moreover, would not appear to lie between Capes Rodney and +Hood until the former was out of sight astern. I think that Mount +Clarence must have been hidden by clouds, and that Edwards' Mount +Clarence was in reality the high cone in the Saroa district, which is a +conspicuous feature on the coast line. A further indication that the +day was hazy lies in the fact that Edwards did not see the great Owen +Stanley Range which towers up 13,000 feet behind. Had he done so +he would not have mistaken the mainland for a group of scattered +islands. Hamilton does not call Mount Clarence an "island," but a +"mountain." A further proof that Edwards' "Cape Hood" was +Round Head is found in the remark "After passing Cape Hood the +land appears lower, and to branch off about N.N.W., . . . for we saw +no other land." This applies to Round Head, and to no other part of +the coast.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70-1" id="Footnote_70-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70-1"><span class="label">[70-1]</span></a> If he had kept this course he would have struck the New Guinea +Coast again a little East of the Maikasa River.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70-2" id="Footnote_70-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70-2"><span class="label">[70-2]</span></a> East Bay.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71-1" id="Footnote_71-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71-1"><span class="label">[71-1]</span></a> It is difficult to understand how Edwards failed to see Flinders +Passage, which, while not free from obstructions to the westward, would +have admitted him to a safe anchorage at the Murray Islands, inside +the Barrier Reef.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71-2" id="Footnote_71-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71-2"><span class="label">[71-2]</span></a> It was an unfortunate choice. Had he steered north on first +encountering the reefs he would have made the coast which he might +have followed in safety, as Bligh did in his boat voyage after the +mutiny, by what is now known as the Great North-East Channel. +He was led Southward by his plan of using the Endeavour Straits. +See Hamilton's account, <a href="#Page_141">pp. 141-2</a>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73-1" id="Footnote_73-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73-1"><span class="label">[73-1]</span></a> Two men were crushed to death; one by a gun that had broken +loose, and the other by a falling spar. The whole ship's company +seems to have behaved splendidly, working at the pumps and at the +sail they were preparing to haul under the ship's bottom until they +could scarcely stand for fatigue, with nothing to replenish their strength +but "a cask of excellent strong ale which we brewed at Anamooka" +(Hamilton).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73-2" id="Footnote_73-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73-2"><span class="label">[73-2]</span></a> Every reader must be struck by the fact that in his description +of this disaster, Edwards never once speaks of the prisoners. Hamilton, +it is true, does say "The prisoners were ordered to be let out of irons," +but another account, ascribed to Lieutenant Corner, second lieutenant +of the <i>Pandora</i>, throws a sinister light on this part of the narrative. +"Three of the <i>Bounty's</i> people, Coleman, Norman, and M'Intosh, were +now let out of irons, and sent to work at the pumps. The others offered +their assistance, and begged to be allowed a chance of saving their +lives; instead of which, two additional sentinels were placed over +them, with orders to shoot any who should attempt to get rid of their +fetters. Seeing no prospect of escape, they betook themselves to prayer, +and prepared to meet their fate, everyone expecting that the ship would +soon go to pieces, her rudder and part of the sternpost being already +beat away. No notice was taken of the prisoners, as is falsely stated +by the author of the 'Pandora's Voyage,' although Captain Edwards +was entreated by Mr. Heywood to have mercy upon them, when he +passed over their prison to make his own escape, the ship then lying on +her broadside, with the larboard bow completely under water. Fortunately +the master-at-arms, either by accident or design, when slipping +from the roof of 'Pandora's Box' into the sea, let the keys of the +irons fall through the scuttle or entrance, which he had just before +opened, and thus enabled them to commence their own liberation, in +which they were generously assisted, at the imminent risk of his own +life, by William Moulter, a boatswain's mate who clung to the coamings, +and pulled the long bars through the shackles, saying he would set +them free, or go to the bottom with them. Scarcely was this effected +when the ship went down. The master-at-arms and all the sentinels +sunk to rise no more. Among the drowned were Mr. Stewart, John +Sumner, Richard Skinner, and Henry Hillbrandt, the whole of whom +perished with their hands still in manacles." +</p><p> +Some allowance is to be made both for the confusion of a shipwreck, +and for the natural fear of the commander that in the loosening of the +ties of authority natural to such a moment, the liberation among his +crew of a number of men who had already mutinied successfully, and +were going home with a rope about their necks, would be an act of +merciful folly. This, however, does not excuse him for refusing his +prisoners the shelter of an old sail on the sand cay, and so obliging them +to get shelter from the sun by burying themselves neck-deep in the +sand, as Heywood afterwards stated. Heywood further asserted that +after the vessel struck the prisoners, having wrenched themselves out +of their irons, implored Edwards to let them out of "Pandora's Box," +but that he had them all ironed again.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74-1" id="Footnote_74-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74-1"><span class="label">[74-1]</span></a> In his evidence before the court-martial Edwards said: "The +double canoe, that was able to support a considerable number of men, +broke adrift with only one man, and was bulged upon a reef, and +afforded us no help when she was so much wanted.<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: added missing quotation mark">"</ins></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74-2" id="Footnote_74-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74-2"><span class="label">[74-2]</span></a> Hamilton says 34.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75-1" id="Footnote_75-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75-1"><span class="label">[75-1]</span></a> Each boat was supplied with the latitude and longitude of Timor, +1100 miles distant. As soon as they embarked the oars were laid athwart +the boat so that they could stow two tiers of men. The men were distributed +as follows: +</p><p> +<i>Pinnace</i>—Capt. Edwards; Lieut. Hayward; Rickards, Master's +Mate; Packer, Gunner; Edmonds, Captain's Clerk; 3 prisoners, 16 +privates. +</p><p> +<i>Red Yawl</i>—Lieut. Larkan; Surgeon Hamilton; Reynolds, Master's +Mate; Matson, Midshipman; 2 prisoners; 18 privates. +</p><p> +<i>Launch</i>—Lieutenant Corner; Bentham, Purser; Montgomery; +Carpen Bowling, Master's Mate; Mackendrick, Midshipman; 2 +prisoners; 24 privates. +</p><p> +<i>Blue Yawl</i>—George Passmore, Master; Cunningham, Boatswain; +Innes, Surgeon's Mate; Fenwick, Midshipman; Pycroft, Midshipman; +3 prisoners; 15 privates.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-1" id="Footnote_77-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-1"><span class="label">[77-1]</span></a> Tree Island.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-2" id="Footnote_77-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-2"><span class="label">[77-2]</span></a> Now called Prince of Wales' Channel or Flinders Channel. It is +the best Channel through Torres Straits, and, if Edwards' narrative +had been published his discovery would doubtless have been perpetuated +in his name.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-3" id="Footnote_77-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-3"><span class="label">[77-3]</span></a> Horn Island.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-4" id="Footnote_77-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-4"><span class="label">[77-4]</span></a> Dingoes.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-5" id="Footnote_77-5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-5"><span class="label">[77-5]</span></a> North West Reef.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78-1" id="Footnote_78-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78-1"><span class="label">[78-1]</span></a> Like Bligh's men, they wetted their shirts in salt water to cool themselves +by evaporation, but found that the absorption through the skin +tainted the fluids of the body with salt so that the saliva became intolerable +in the mouth. The young bore the want of water better than +the old, but all alike became excessively irritable.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80-1" id="Footnote_80-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80-1"><span class="label">[80-1]</span></a> This hospitality was not extended to the prisoners, who were +confined in irons in the castle, and fed on bad provisions. But on the +passage to Batavia in the <i>Rembang</i> they had worse in store, for the ship +was partially dismasted in a cyclone, and would certainly have gone +ashore but for the exertions of the English passengers. The prisoners +took their turn at the pumps with the rest, and when their strength +gave out, they were put in irons and allowed to rest upon a wet sail +soaked with the drainings of a pig-stye under which it was spread. +At Batavia Edwards distributed the purchase-money of the tender +among his people to enable them to buy clothes, and the prisoners, +having their hands at liberty, made suits and hats for the <i>Pandora's</i> +crew, and so were able to buy clothes of their own.</p></div> +</div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90"></a>[<a href="./images/90.png">90</a>]</span></p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91"></a>[<a href="./images/91.png">91</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="A_VOYAGE_ROUND_THE_WORLD91-1" id="A_VOYAGE_ROUND_THE_WORLD91-1"></a>A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.<a name="FNanchor_91-1" id="FNanchor_91-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_91-1" class="fnanchor">[91-1]</a></h2> + +<h3><span class="smcap">By George Hamilton, Surgeon of the <i>Pandora</i>.</span></h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Government</span> having resolved to bring to punishment +the mutineers of His Majesty's late ship <i>Bounty</i>, and to +survey the Straits of Endeavour, to facilitate a passage to +Botany Bay, on the 10th of August 1790, appointed +Captain Edward Edwards to put in commission at +Chatham, and take command of the <i>Pandora</i> Frigate +of twenty-four guns, and a hundred and sixty men.</p> + +<p>A great naval armament then equipping retarded our +progress, and prevented that particular attention to the +choice of men which their Lordships so much wished; +as contagion here crept amongst us from infected clothing, +the fatal effects of which we discovered, and severely +experienced, in the commencement of the voyage.</p> + +<p>Every thing necessary being completed, and an additional +complement of naval stores, received for the refitment +of the <i>Bounty</i>; dropped down to Sheerness, saluted +Admiral Dalrymple, payed the same compliments to +Sir Richard King, in passing the Downs, arrived at +Portsmouth, and found there Lord Howe with the Union +Flag at the main, and the proudest navy that ever graced +the British seas under his command.</p> + +<p>Here the officers and men received six months pay in +advance, and after receiving their final orders, got the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92"></a>[<a href="./images/92.png">92</a>]</span> +time-keeper on board, weighed anchor, and proceeded +to sea.</p> + +<p>As the white cliffs of Albion receded from our view +alternate hopes and fears took possession of our minds, +wafting the last kind adieu to our native soil.</p> + +<p>We pursued our voyage with a favourable breeze; +but <i>Pandora</i> now seemed inclined to shed her baneful +influence among us, and a malignant fever threatened +much havoc, as in a few days thirty-five men were confined +to their beds, and unfortunately Mr. Innes, the +Surgeon's only mate, was among the first taken ill; +what rendered our situation still more distressing, was +the crowded state of the ship being filled to the hatchways +with stores and provisions, for, like weevils, we +had to eat a hole in our bread, before we had a place to +lay down in; every officer's cabin, the Captain's not +excepted, being filled with provisions and stores. Our +sufferings were much encreased, for want of room to +accommodate our sick, notwithstanding every effort of +the Captain that humanity could suggest.</p> + +<p>In this sickly lumbered state, near the latitude of +Madeira, we observed a sail bearing down upon us: +from her appearance and manœuvres, we had every +reason to believe she was a ship of war; and a rumour +of a Spanish war prevailing when we left England, rendered +it necessary to clear ship for action; as soon as our +guns were run out, and all hands at quarters, got along +side of her, when she proved His Majesty's Ship, <i>Shark</i>, +sent out with orders of recall to Admiral Cornish, who had +sailed for the West Indies a few days before we left +Spithead.</p> + +<p>This little disaster deranged us much, having at the +same time bad weather, attended with heavy thunder +squals. The Peek of Teneriff now began to shew his +venerable crest, towering above the clouds; and in two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93"></a>[<a href="./images/93.png">93</a>]</span> +days more came to an anchor in the road of Santa Cruz, +but did not salute, as the Commandant had not authority +to return it.</p> + +<p>Immediately on our arrival we were boarded by the +Port-master, by whom we learnt they had been in much +apprehension of a disagreeable visit from the English, +but were happy to hear that matters were amicably +settled between the Courts of Madrid and St. James's.</p> + +<p>With respect to site nothing can be more beautifully +picturesque than the town of Santa Cruz. It stands in +the centre of a spacious bay, on a gentle acclivity surrounded +with retiring hills, and the noble promontory +of the Peek rising majestically behind it, dignifies the +scene beyond description, being continually diversified +with every vicissitude of the surrounding atmosphere, +emerging and retiring thro' the fleecy clouds, from the +bottom of the mountain to its summit.</p> + +<p>All the circumjacent hills on the margin of the beach +are tufted with little forts, and barbett batteries, forming +an Esplanade round the bay, affords a most agreeable +landscape. The houses being all painted white, pretty +regularly built, and standing on a rising ground, raises +one street above another, and heightens the scene from +the water; to which the Governor's garden contributes +much to beautify the town.</p> + +<p>In the centre of the principal square, is a well built +fountain, continually playing, which, in a warm climate, +has a desirable cooling effect. There is but one church, +which contains a few indifferent paintings.</p> + +<p>The inhabitants are civil, but reserved, and the inquisition +being on the island, spreads a gloomy distrust on +the countenance of the people.</p> + +<p>The troops are miserably cloathed, and poverty and +superstition lord it wide. The wines of this place, from +a late improvement in the vines, are equal to the second<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94"></a>[<a href="./images/94.png">94</a>]</span> +kind of Madeira, and I cannot pass over this subject +without making honourable mention of the candour of +Mr. Rooney our wine merchant.</p> + +<p>Here we completed our water from an acqueduct +admirably constructed for the convenience of the shipping, +and after receiving on board lemons, oranges, pomegranates, +and bananas, with every variety of fruits and +other refreshments with which this island most plentifully +abounds, proceeded again on our voyage.</p> + +<p>The fever that prevailed on our leaving England +became now pretty general, and almost every man had it +in turn, and as we approached the line many of the +convalescents had a relapse, but the Lords of the Admirality, +previous to our sailing, had supplied us with such +unbounded liberality in every thing necessary for the +preservation of the seamens' health, that I may venture +to say many lives were saved from their bounty, and I +should be wanting in my duty to their Lordships, as well +as the community, was I to pass over in silence the uncommon +good effects we experienced from supplying the +sick and convalescent with tea and sugar; this being the +first time it has ever been introduced into his Majesty's +service; but it is an article in life that has crept into +such universal use, in all orders of society, that it needs no +comment of mine to recommend it. It may, however, +be easily conceived that it will be sought with more +avidity by those whose aliment consists chiefly in animal +food, and that always salt, and often of the worst kind. +Their bread too is generally mixed with oatmeal, and of +a hot drying nature. Scarcity of water is a calamity to +which seafaring people are always subject; and it is +an established fact, that a pint of tea will satiate thirst +more than a quart of water. But when sickness takes +place, a loathing of all animal food follows; then tea +becomes their sole existence, and that which can be con<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95"></a>[<a href="./images/95.png">95</a>]</span>veyed +to them as natural food will be taken with pleasure, +when any slip slop, given as drink, will be rejected with +disgust. Suffice it to say, that Quarter-masters, and real +good seamen have ever been observed to be regular in +cooking their little pot of tea or coffee, and in America +seamen going long voyages, always make it an article in +their agreement to be supplied with tea and sugar.</p> + +<p>The air now becoming intolerably hot, and to evacuate +the foul air from below where the people slept, had +recourse to Mr. White's new ventilator, but found little +benefit from it; not from any fault in the machine, but +from the crowded state of the ship, it was impossible +to throw a current of air into those places where it was +most wanted, but by the addition of a flexible leather tube, +like a water engine, it might be rendered of the utmost +importance to the service, as in tenders' press-holds, and +in line-of-battle ships at sea, when the lower deck ports +cannot be opened; where often the jail fever, and all the +calamities that attend human nature in crowded situations, +are engendered, that might be entirely obviated +by Mr. White's ingenious machine. I should beg to +recommend wheels to be substituted for legs to it, for its +easier conveyance from one part of the ship to the other, +and that he would sacrifice beauty to strength, as a +slight mahogany jim crack is not well calculated to the +severity of heat we are exposed to, in climates where it is +most wanted.</p> + +<p>There were now many water spouts about the ship, +at which we fired several guns: the thermometer fluctuated +between seventy-nine and eighty, and without any +thing worthy of remark, in the common occurrence of +things at sea, on the twenty-eight of December saw the +land of the Brazils, and in two days saluted the fort at +Rio Janiero with fifteen guns, which was immediately +returned.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96"></a>[<a href="./images/96.png">96</a>]</span> +On our coming to anchor, an officer came to acquaint +the Captain, that a party of soldiers should be sent on +board of us, agreeable to their custom, which was most +peremptorily denied as inadmissable with the dignity of +the British flag, nor would Captain Edwards go on shore +to pay his respects to the Vice Roy, till that etiquete +was settled, that his boat should not be boarded.</p> + +<p>After the usual compliments were paid the Vice Roy, +his suit of carriages were ordered to attend the British +officers, and Monsieur le Font, the Surgeon-General, +who spoke English with ease and fluency, shewed us every +mark of politeness and attention on the occasion, in +carrying us through the principal streets, then visited the +public gardens, built by the late Vice Roy, and laid out +with much taste and expence. All the extremity of the +garden is a fine terrace which commands a view of the +water, and is frequented by people of fashion, as their +Grand Mall: at each end of the terrace there is an +octagonal built room, superbly furnished, where merendas<a name="FNanchor_96-1" id="FNanchor_96-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_96-1" class="fnanchor">[96-1]</a> +are sometimes given. On the pannels are painted the +various productions and commerce of South America, +representing the diamond fishery, the process of the +indigo trade. The rice grounds and harvest, sugar +plantation, South Sea whale fishery, &c. these were +interspersed with views of the country, and the quadrupedes +that inhabit those parts. The ceilings contained +all the variety, the one of the fish, the other of the fowl +of that continent. The copartments of the ceiling of +the one room was enriched in shell work, with all the +variegated shells of that country, and in the copartments +are delineated all the variety of fish that the coast of +South America produces. The other copartment is +enriched with feathers and so inimitably blended as to +produce the happiest effect. In this ceiling is painted all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97"></a>[<a href="./images/97.png">97</a>]</span> +the birds and fowls of the country, in all their splendid +elegance of plumage. The sofas and furniture are rich +in the extreme: and in this elegant recess, an idle traveller +may have an agreeable lounge, and at one view comprehend +the whole natural history of this vast continent. +In the centre of the terrace there is a Jet d'eau, in form +of a large palm-tree, made of copper, which at pleasure +may be made to spout water from the extremity of all +the leaves. This tree stands on a well disposed grotto, +which rises from the gravel walk below to the level of +the terrace, and terminates the view of the principal walk. +Near the foot of the grotto two large aligators, made of +copper, are continually discharging water into a handsome +bason of white marble, filled with gold and silver fishes.</p> + +<p>There are fine orangeries, and lofty covered arbours +in different parts of the garden, capable of containing a +thousand people. Here the cyprian nymphs hold their +nocturnal revels; but intrigue is attended with great +danger, as the stilletto is in general use, and assassination +frequent, the men being of a jealous sanguinary +turn, and the women fond of gallantry, who never appear +in public unveiled. When <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Bouganvile'">Bougainville</ins>, the French circumnavigator +called here, his chaplain was assassinated in +an affray of that kind; but since that accident, orders +were given that a commissioned officer should attend +all foreign officers, and a soldier the privates; and all +strangers, on landing, are conducted to the main guard +for their escort. This answers a double purpose, as they +are much afraid of strangers smuggling or carrying money +out of the country, under the mask of personal protection, +every motion is watched and scrutinized, nor can you +purchase any thing of a merchant, till he has settled with +the officer of the police how much he shall exact for his +goods; so you have always the satisfaction of being rob'd +as the act directs.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98"></a>[<a href="./images/98.png">98</a>]</span> +The trade of this country is much cramped by the +improper policy of the mother country; for although +it abounds with every thing that the earth produces, +wealth is far from being diffusive, and a spirit for revolt +seems to prevail amongst them; but they were rather +premature in business, a conspiracy being detected +whilst we were there, many of the first people in the +country thrown into dungeons, a strong guard put over +them, and all intercourse denied them. But in order to +check that spirit of rebellion among the colonists, a +regiment of black slaves is now embodied, who will +be very ready to bear arms against their oppressive +masters; but should a revolution in South America take +place, which sooner or later must eventually happen, +some of our South Sea discoveries would then prove an +advantageous situation for a little British colony.</p> + +<p>All public works are done here by slaves in chains, who +perform a kind of plaintive melancholy dirge in recitative, +to sooth their unavailing toil, which, with the accompanyment +of the clanking of their irons, is the real voice of +wo, and attunes the soul to sympathy and compassion, +more than the most elaborate piece of music.</p> + +<p>The troops are remarkably well cloathed, and in fine +order, both infantry and cavalry; the horses are small, +but spirited, and tournaments frequently performed as +the favourite amusement of the inhabitants, at which +the cavaliers display a wonderful share of address.</p> + +<p>The town is large, built of stone, and the streets very +regular; there are several handsome churches, monasteries, +and nunneries, and contains about forty thousand +inhabitants; but, like the old town of Edinburgh, each +floor contains a distinct family, and of course liable to the +same inconveniencies, cleanliness being none of its most +shining virtues.</p> + +<p>The officers of the army shewed us uncommon kindness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99"></a>[<a href="./images/99.png">99</a>]</span> +and made us some presents of red bird skins for the +savages we were going amongst.</p> + +<p>I cannot, in words, bestow sufficient panegyric on the +laudable exertions of my worthy messmates, Lieutenants +Corner and Hayward, for their unremitting zeal in procuring +and nursing such plants as might be useful at +Otaheitee or the islands we might discover.</p> + +<p>We now took leave of our friends here, and it was +with some regret, as it was bidding adieu to civilized life, +for a very undetermined space of time. Lieutenant +Hayward having finished his astronomical observations +on shore, came on board with the time-keeper and instruments, +and again proceeded on our voyage, on the morning +of January 8<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads '.'">,</ins> 1791. In running down the coast of the +Brazils, saw several spermacæti whales, and vessels +employed on that fishery. Could it have been accomplished +in the month of January, it was intended to take in a +supply of water at New-Year's harbour, but the season +was too far advanced. The weather now became cold, +and the health of the people mended apace: passed by +the straits of Magellan, and on the 31st of January saw +Cape St. Juan, Staten Island, and New-Year's Island. +The thermometer was at 48 degrees. We were fortunate +enough to weather the tempestuous regions of Cape +Horn, without any thing remarkable happening, although +late in the season.</p> + +<p>The weather, as we advanced, became now exceedingly +pleasant, and the many good things with which we were +supplied, began to have a wonderful good effect on the +strength of our convalescents. I here beg the reader's +indulgence for a small digression on the health of the +seamen, as it is a subject of much national importance, +and those voyages the only test of what is found to +succeed best, my duty leads me to the attempt, however +unequal to the task:</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100"></a>[<a href="./images/100.png">100</a>]</span> +It may be remarked, the sour Crout kept during the +voyage, in the highest perfection, and was often eat as a +sallad with vinegar, in preference to recent, cut vegetables +from the shore. A cask of this grand antiscorbutic was +kept open for the crew to eat as much of as they pleased; +and I will venture to affirm, that it will answer every +purpose that can be expected from the vegetable kingdom.</p> + +<p>The Essence of Malt afforded a most delightful beverage, +and, with the addition of a little hops, in the warmest +climates, made as good strong beer as we could in England. +We were likewise supplied with malt in grain, but should +prefer the essence, as it is less liable to decay, and stows +in much less room, which is a very valuable consideration +in long voyages.</p> + +<p>Cocoa we found great benefit from; it is much relished +by the men, stows in little room, and affords great +nourishment. At the close of the war in 1783, in the +West Indies, men that had been the whole war on salt +provisions, from a liberal use of the cocoa, got fat and +strong, and in the <i>Agamemnon</i> we had five hundred men +who had served most of the war on salt provisions; but +after the cocoa was introduced, we had not a sick man on +board till the day she was paid off. Indeed it is the only +article of nourishment in sea victualling; for what can +in reason be expected from beef or pork after it has been +salted a year or two?</p> + +<p>Wheat we found answer extremely well, rough ground +in a mill occasionally as we wanted it, and with the +addition of a little brown sugar, it made a pleasant +nourishing diet, of which the men were extremely fond. +Another great advantage attending it, that it does not +require half the quantity of water that pease do.</p> + +<p>Soft bread was found extremely beneficial to the sick +and convalescent, and we availed ourselves of every +opportunity of baking for half the complement at a time.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101"></a>[<a href="./images/101.png">101</a>]</span> +As the flour keeps so much longer sound than biscuit, +it may be needless to remark its superior advantages; +besides, it is not liable to be damaged by water or otherwise, +so much as bread, as a crust forms outside, which +protects the rest. In point of stowage it likewise is +preferable.</p> + +<p>As the fate of every expedition of this kind depends +much on the exertion of the subordinate departments +of office, the thanks of every individual in the <i>Pandora</i> +is due to Mr. Cherry, for his uncommon attention to the +victualling.</p> + +<p>The dividing the people into three watches had a double +good effect as it gave them longer time to sleep, and dry +themselves before they turned in; and as most of our +crew consisted of landsmen, the fewer people being on +deck at a time, rendered it necessary to exert themselves +more in learning their duty.</p> + +<p>The air became now temperate, mild, and agreeable; +but unfortunately we sprung a leak in the after part of +the ship, which reached the bread room, and damaged +much of it, as one thousand five hundred and fifteen +pounds were thrown over-board, and a great deal much +injured, that we kept for feeding the cattle. Many blue +Peterals were seen flying about, and on the 4th of March +saw Easter Island. We now set the forge to work, and the +armourers were busily employed in making knives and +iron work to trade with the savages. On the 16th we +discovered a Lagoon Island of about three or four miles +extent; it was well wooded, but had no inhabitants, +and was named Ducie's Island, in honour of Lord +Ducie.</p> + +<p>On the 17th we discovered another Island, about five +or six miles long, with a great many trees on it, but was +not inhabited: this was called Lord Hood's Island.</p> + +<p>On the 19th we discovered an Island of the same<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102"></a>[<a href="./images/102.png">102</a>]</span> +description as the former, which was named Carrisfort +Island, in honour of Lord Carrisfort.</p> + +<p>On the 22nd passed Maitea, and on the morning of the +23rd of March anchored in Matavy bay, in the Island of +<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Otaheety'">Otaheitee</ins>. In the dawn of the morning, a native immediately +on seeing us, paddled off in his canoe, and came on +board, who shewed expressions of joy to a degree of madness, +on embracing and saluting us, by whom we learnt +that several of the mutineers were on the island; but that +Mr. Christian and nine men had left Otaheitee long since +in the <i>Bounty</i>, and amused the natives, by telling them +Captain Bligh had gone to settle at Whytutakee, and that +Captain Cook was living there. Language cannot express +his surprise on Lieutenant Hayward's being introduced +to him, who had been purposely concealed.</p> + +<p>At eleven in the forenoon the Launch and Pinnance +was dispatched with Lieutenants Corner and Hayward +and twenty-six men, to the north west part of the island, +in quest of mutineers. Immediately on our arrival, +Joseph Coleman, the armourer of the <i>Bounty</i>, came on +board, and a little after the two midshipmen belonging to +the <i>Bounty</i>; at three Richard Skinner came off, and on +the 25th the boats returned, after chasing the mutineers +on shore, and taking possession of their boat. As they had +taken to the heights, and claimed the protection of Tamarrah, +a great chief in Papara, who was the proper king of +Otaheitee, the present family of Ottoo being usurpers, +and who intended, had we not arrived with the assistance +of the <i>Bounty's</i> people, to have disputed the point with +Ottoo.</p> + +<p>On the twenty-seventh we sent the Pinnace with a +present of a bottle of rum to king Ottoo, who was with his +two queens at Tiaraboo, requesting the honour of his +company, but the bottle of rum removed all scruples, +and next day the royal family paid us a visit, and in his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103"></a>[<a href="./images/103.png">103</a>]</span> +suit came Oedidy, a chief particularly noticed by Captain +Cook.</p> + +<p>On the first visit they make it a point of honour of +accepting of no present; but they make sufficient amends +for that, by introducing a numerous train of dependents +afterwards, to obtain presents.</p> + +<p>The King is a tall handsome looking man, about six +feet three inches high, good natured, and affable in his +manners. His principal queen, Edea, is a robust looking, +course woman, about thirty, and was extremely solicitous +in learning and adopting our customs, and on hearing +our English ladies drank tea, became very fond of it. +The other queen, or concubine, named <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Alredy'">Aeredy</ins>, is a pretty +young creature, about sixteen years of age: they all three +sleep together, and live in the most perfect harmony.</p> + +<p>A detachment of men were immediately ordered, +under the command of Lieutenant Corner, to march +across the country, and if possible to get between the +mountains and the mutineers; this gentleman was extremely +well calculated for an expedition of this kind, +having, in the early part of his life, bore a commission in +the land service, and next morning they landed on Point +Venus, attended by the principal chiefs as conductors, +and a number of the common people to assist in carrying +the ammunition over the heights: what rendered their +assistance more necessary, was their having to cross a +rapid cataract, or river, which came down from the +mountains, and formed so many curves. They had to +ford it sixteen times in the course of their journey, which +gave evident proofs of the superior strength of the natives +over the English seamen. The former went over with +ease, where the sailors could not stem the rapidity of the +torrent without their help. They were, however, forced +to send to the ship for ropes and tackles to gain some +heights which were otherwise inaccessible.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104"></a>[<a href="./images/104.png">104</a>]</span> +On the party coming to a rest, the Lieutenant expressed +a wish to one of the natives for something to eat, who told +him he might be supplied with plenty of victuals ready +dressed; he immediately ran to a temple, or place of +worship, where meat was regularly served to their god, +and came running with a roasted pig, that had been +presented that day. This striking instance of impiety +rather startled the Lieutenant, which the other easily +got over, by saying there was more left than the god +could eat.</p> + +<p>It was with much difficulty they could restrain the +natives from committing depredations on the Cava +grounds of the upper districts, as they were on the eve +of a war with them respecting the hereditary right of +the crown.</p> + +<p>The party now arrived at the residence of a great +chief, who received them with much hospitality and +kindness; and after refreshing them with plenty of meat +and drink, carried the officer to visit the Morai of the dead +chief, his father. Mr. Corner judging it necessary, by +every mark of attention, to gain the good graces of this +great man, ordered his party to draw up, and fire three +vollies over the deceased, who was brought out in his +best new cloaths, on the occasion; but the burning +cartridge from one of the muskets, unfortunately set fire +to the paper cloaths of the dead chief. This unlucky +disaster threw the son into the greatest perplexity, as +agreeable to their laws, should the corpse of his father +be stolen away, or otherwise destroyed, he forfeits his +title and estate, and it descends to the next heir.</p> + +<p>There was at the same time a party embarked by water, +under the command of Lieutenant Hayward, who took +with him some of the principal chiefs, amongst whom was +Oedidy, before mentioned by Captain Cook, who went a +voyage with him, but fell into disrepute amongst them,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105"></a>[<a href="./images/105.png">105</a>]</span> +from affirming he had seen water in a solid form; alluding +to the ice. He also took with him one Brown, an Englishman, +that had been left on shore by an American vessel +that had called there, for being troublesome on board: +but otherwise a keen, penetrating, active fellow, who +rendered many eminent services, both in this expedition +and the subsequent part of the voyage. He had lived +upwards of twelve months amongst the natives, adopted +perfectly their manners and customs, even to the eating +of raw fish, and dipping his roast pork into a cocoa nut +shell of salt water, according to their manner, as substitute +for salt. He likewise avoided all intercourse +and communication with the <i>Bounty's</i> people, by which +means necessity forced him to gain a pretty competent +knowledge of their language; and from natural complexion +was much darker than any of the natives.</p> + +<p>Captain Edwards had taken every possible means of +gaining the friendship of Tamarrah, the great prince of +the upper district, by sending him very liberal presents, +which effectually brought him over to our interest. The +mutineers were now cut off from every hope of resource; +the natives were harrassing them behind, and Mr. Hayward +and his party advancing in front; under cover of +night they had taken shelter in a hut in the woods, but +were discovered by Brown, who creeping up to the place +where they were asleep, distinguished them from the +natives by feeling their toes; as people unaccustomed to +wear shoes are easily discovered from the spread of their +toes. Next day Mr. Hayward attacked them, but they +grounded their arms without opposition; their hands were +bound behind their back and sent down to the boat under +a strong guard.</p> + +<p>During the whole business there was only two natives +killed; one was shot in the dusk of the evening, two nights +before the people surrendered, by one of the centinels,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106"></a>[<a href="./images/106.png">106</a>]</span> +who had his musket twice beat out of his hand from the +natives pelting our party with large stones; but the +instant he was shot, some of his friends rushed in and +carried off the corpse.</p> + +<p>The other native was shot by the mutineers; when +attacked by the natives they took to a river; a stone +being thrown by one of the natives at the wife, or woman, +of one of the mutineers, enraged him so much, that he +immediately shot the offender.</p> + +<p>A prison was built for their accommodation on the +quarter deck, that they might be secure, and apart from +our ship's company; and that it might have every +advantage of a free circulation of air, which rendered it +the most desirable place in the ship. Orders were likewise +given that they should be victualled, in every respect +in the same as the ship's company, both in meat, liquor, +and all the extra indulgencies with which we were so +liberally supplied, notwithstanding the established laws +of the service, which restricts prisoners to two-thirds +allowance: but Captain Edwards very humanely commiserated +with their unhappy and inevitable length of +confinement. Oripai, the king's brother, a discerning, +sensible, and intelligent chief, discovered a conspiracy +amongst the natives on shore to cut our cables should it +come to blow hard from the sea. This was more to be +dreaded, as many of the prisoners were married to the most +respectable chiefs' daughters in the district opposite to +where we lay at anchor; in particular one, who took the +name of Stewart, a man of great possession in landed +property, near Matavy Bay: a gentleman of that name +belonging to the <i>Bounty</i> having married his daughter, +and he, as his friend and father-in law, agreeable to their +custom, took his name.</p> + +<p>Ottoo the king, his two brothers, and all the principal +chiefs, appeared extremely anxious for our safety; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107"></a>[<a href="./images/107.png">107</a>]</span> +after the prisoners were on board, kept watch during the +night; were always keeping a sharp look out upon our +cables, and continually spurring the centinels to be careful +in their duty. The prisoners' wives visited the ship daily +and brought their children, who were permitted to be +carried to their unhappy fathers. To see the poor captives +in irons, weeping over their tender offspring, was too +moving a scene for any feeling heart. Their wives +brought them ample supplies of every delicacy that the +country afforded while we lay there, and behaved with the +greatest fidelity and affection to them.</p> + +<p>Next day the king, his two queens, and retinue, came on +board to pay us a formal visit, preceded by a band of +music. The ladies had about sixty or seventy yards of +Otaheitee cloth wrapt round them, and were so bulky +and <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'unweildy'">unwieldy</ins> with it, they were obliged to be hoisted on +board like horn cattle: hogs, cocoa-nuts, bananas, a +rich sort of peach, and a variety of ready dressed puddings +and victuals, composed their present to the Captain.</p> + +<p>As soon as they were on board, the Captain debarassoit +the ladies, by rolling their linen round his middle; an +indispensable ceremony here in receiving a present of cloth: +and Medua, wife to Oripai, the king's brother, took a +great liking to the Captain's laced coat, which he immediately +put on her with much gallantry; and that beautiful +princess seemed much elated with her new finery. I +cannot ommit a circumstance of this lady's attachment +to dress. There was a custom which had prevailed for +a long time, to present the god with all red feathers that +could be procured; but thinking she would become +red feathers full as well as his godship, immediately +employed all her domestics making them up into fly +flaps, and other personal ornaments, to prevent the altar +making a monopoly of all the good things, in this, as +well as in other countries.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108"></a>[<a href="./images/108.png">108</a>]</span> +A grand Hæva was next day ordered for our entertainment +ashore, on Point Venus, and on our landing we were +preceded by a band of music, and led to where the king +and his levee were in waiting to receive us. The course +was soon cleared by the chiefs, and the entertainment +began by two men, who vied with each other in filthy +lascivious attitudes, and frightful distortions of their +mouths. These having performed their part, two ladies, +pretty fancifully dressed, as described in Captain Cook's +Voyages, were introduced after a little ceremony. Something +resembling a turkey-cock's tail, and stuck on their +rumps in a fan kind of fashion, about five feet in diameter, +had a very good effect while the ladies kept their faces +to us; but when in a bending attitude, they presented +their rumps, to shew the wonderful agility of their loins; +the effect is better conceived than described. After +half an hour's hard exercise, the dear creatures had remüé +themselves into a perfect fureur, and the piece concluded +by the ladies exposing that which is better felt than seen; +and, in that state of nature, walked from the bottom of +the theatre to the top where we were sitting on the grass, +till they approached just by us, and then we complimented +them in bowing, with all the honours of war.</p> + +<p>These accomplishments are so much prized amongst +them that girls come from the interior parts of the +country to the court residence, for improvement in the +Hæva, just as country gentlemen send their daughters to +London boarding-schools.</p> + +<p>This may well be called the Cytheria of the southern +hemisphere, not only from the beauty and elegance of +the women, but their being so deeply versed in, and so +passionately fond of the Eleusinian mysteries; and +what poetic fiction has painted of Eden, or Arcadia, is +here realized, where the earth without tillage produces +both food and cloathing, the trees loaded with the richest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109"></a>[<a href="./images/109.png">109</a>]</span> +of fruit, the carpet of nature spread with the most odoriferous +flowers, and the fair ones ever willing to fill your +arms with love.</p> + +<p>It affords a happy instance of contradicting an opinion +propagated by philosophers of a less bountiful soil, who +maintain that every virtuous or charitable act a man +commits, is from selfish and interrested views. Here +human nature appears in more amiable colours, and the +soul of man, free from the gripping hand of want, acts +with a liberality and bounty that does honour to his +God.</p> + +<p>A native of this country divides every thing in common +with his friend, and the extent of the word friend, by +them, is only bounded by the universe, and was he reduced +to his last morsel of bread, he cheerfully halves it with +him; the next that comes has the same claim, if he wants +it, and so in succession to the last mouthful he has. Rank +makes no distinction in hospitality; for the king and +beggar relieve each other in common.</p> + +<p>The English are allowed by the rest of the world, and I +believe with some degree of justice, to be a generous, +charitable people; but the Otaheiteans could not help +bestowing the most contemptuous word in their language +upon us, which is, Peery Peery, or Stingy.</p> + +<p>In becoming the Tyo, or friend of a man, it is expected +you pay him a compliment, by cherishing his wife; but, +being ignorant of that ceremony, I very innocently gave +high offence to Matuara, the king of York Island, to whom +I was introduced as his friend: a shyness took place on +the side of his Majesty, from my neglect to his wife; but, +through the medium of Brown the interpreter, he put +me in mind of my duty, and on my promising my endeavours, +matters were for that time made up. It was to +me, however, a very serious inauguration: I was, in the +first place, not a young man, and had been on shore a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110"></a>[<a href="./images/110.png">110</a>]</span> +whole week; the lady was a woman of rank, being +sister to Ottoo, the king of Otaheitee, and had in her +youth been beautiful, and named Peggy Ottoo. She is +the right hand dancing figure so elegantly delineated in +Cook's Voyages. But Peggy had seen much service, and +bore away many honourable scars in the fields of Venus. +However, his Majesty's service must be done, and Matuara +and I were again friends. He was a domesticated man, +and passionately fond of his wife and children; but now +became pensive and melancholy, dreading the child should +be Piebald; though the lady was six months advanced in +her pregnancy before we came to the island.</p> + +<p>The force of friendship amongst those good creatures, +will be more fully understood from the following circumstance: +Churchhill, the principal ringleader of the +mutineers, on his landing, became the Tyo, or friend, of +a great chief in the upper districts. Some time after the +chief happening to die without issue, his title and estate, +agreeable to their law from Tyoship, devolved on Churchhill, +who having some dispute with one Thomson of the +<i>Bounty</i>, was shot by him. The natives immediately rose, +and revenged the death of Churchhill their chief, by +killing Thomson, whose skull was afterwards shown to us, +which bore evident marks of fracture.</p> + +<p>Oedidy, although perfectly devoted to our interest, +on being appointed one of the guides in the expedition +against the mutineers, expressed great horror at the act +he was going to commit, in betraying his friend, being Tyo +to one of them.</p> + +<p>They are much less addicted to thieving than when +Capt. Cook visited them; and when things were stolen, +by applying to the magistrate of the district, the goods +were immediately returned; for, like every other well +regulated police, the thief and justice were of one gang.</p> + +<p>Sometimes we slightly punished the offenders, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111"></a>[<a href="./images/111.png">111</a>]</span> +cutting off their hair. A beautiful young creature, who +lived at the Observatory with one of our young gentlemen, +slipped out of bed from him in the night, and stole all his +linen. She was punished for the theft, by shaving one +of her eye-brows, and half of the hair off her head. She +immediately run into the woods, and used to come once +or twice a day to the tent, to request looking at herself +in the glass; but the grotesque figure she cut, with one +side entirely bald, made her shriek out, and run into the +woods to shun society.</p> + +<p>With respect to agriculture, in a soil where nature has +done so much, little is left to human industry; but had +there been occasion for it, abilities would not be wanting. +It is much to be lamented, that the endeavours of the +philanthropic Sir Joseph Banks were frustrated, by their +razing of every thing which he took so much pains to rear +amongst them, a few shaddocks excepted. Tobacco +and cotton have escaped their ravage; and they are +much mortified that they cannot eradicate it from their +grounds: but were a handloom on a simple construction, +as used by the natives of Java, introduced amongst +them, they could soon turn their cotton to good account. +An instance of their ingenuity and imitative powers in +matting, was a thing perfectly unknown amongst them till +Captain Cook introduced it from Anamooka, one of the +Friendly Isles: but in that branch of manufacture they +now far surpass their original. They have likewise +abundance of fine sugarcanes, growing spontaneously +all over the island, from which rum and sugar might be +extracted. Indeed an attempt was made by Coleman, the +armourer of the <i>Bounty</i>, who made a still, and succeeded; +but, dreading the effects of intoxication, both amongst +themselves and the natives, very wisely put an end to +his labours by breaking the still.</p> + +<p>Captain Bligh has likewise planted Indian corn, from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112"></a>[<a href="./images/112.png">112</a>]</span> +which much may be expected. On our landing, as soon +as public business of more importance would permit, +our gentlemen were indefatigable in laying out a piece of +garden ground, and ditching it round. Lemons, oranges, +limes, pine-apples, plants of the coffee tree, with all the +lesser class of things, as onions, lettuces, peas, cabbages, +and every thing necessary for culinary purposes, were +planted.</p> + +<p>In order that they might not meet the same fate of +the things planted by Sir Joseph Banks, Captain Edwards +made use of every stratagem to make the chiefs fond of +the oranges and limes, by dipping them in sugar, to cover +the acid before it be presented to them to eat. Messrs. +Corner and Hayward were equally zealous in using the +most persuasive arguments with the chiefs to take care +of our garden, and rear and propagate the plants when we +were gone; to all which they lent a deaf ear, and treated +the subject with much levity, saying, they might be very +good to us, but that they were already plentifully supplied +with every thing they wished or wanted, and had not +occasion for more. But on the Lieutenant's representing, +that if, on our return, they could supply us with plenty of +such articles as we left with them, they in exchange would +receive hatchets, knives, and red cloth, they seemed more +favourably inclined to our project; and I have no doubt +but that some after navigators will reap the benefit of +their industry.</p> + +<p>The Bread-fruit, although the most delicate and nourishing +food upon earth, is, with people like them, liable to +inconveniencies; for in such a group or Archipelago of +islands, whose inhabitants are in such various gradations +of refinement, from the gentle and polished Otaheitean, +to the savage and cannibal Feegee, a war amongst them is +often attended with devastation as well as famine. By +cutting round the bark of the Bread-fruit tree, a whole<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113"></a>[<a href="./images/113.png">113</a>]</span> +country may be laid waste for four or five years, young +trees not bearing in less time. Crops, such as Indian corn, +English wheat and peas, that have been left amongst them, +can in time of war be stored in granaries on the top of their +almost inaccessible mountains.</p> + +<p>While speaking of the Bread-fruit tree, I can exemplify +my subject from what happened to an island contiguous +to Otaheite, whose coast abounded with fine fish; and +the Otaheitans, being themselves too lazy to catch them, +destroyed all the Bread-fruit trees on this little island; by +which act of policy, they are obliged to send over boats +with fish regularly to market, to be supplied with bread +in barter from Otaheite. To this island they likewise +send their wives, thinking they become fair by living on +fish, and low diet. They also send boys for the same +reason, whom they keep for abominable purposes.</p> + +<p>As to the religion of this country, it is difficult for me +to define it. Their tenets, although equally ignorant of +heathen mythology or theological intricacies, seem to +partake of both; and, like other nations in the early +ages of society, are rendered subservient to political +purposes, as by the machinery of deification the person +of the king is sacred and inviolable. Notwithstanding +the king be a broad shouldered strapping fellow, three +sturdy stallions of <i>cecisbeos</i>, or lords in waiting, are kept +for the particular amusement of the queen, when his +majesty is in his cups. Yet the royal issue is always +declared to be sprung from the immortal Gods; and the +heir-apparent, during his minority, is put under the tuition +of the high priest. Their God is supposed to be omnipresent, +and is worshipped in spirit, idolatry not being +known amongst them. The sacred mysteries are only +known to the priests or augurs, the king, princes, and great +chiefs, the common people only serving as victims, or to +fill up the pageantry of a religious procession. One of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114"></a>[<a href="./images/114.png">114</a>]</span> +our gentlemen expressing a wish to the high priest, of +carrying from amongst them that God whose altars +craved so much human blood, he, like a true priest, had +his subterfuge ready, by saying, there were more of the +same family in the other islands, from whence they could +easily be supplied. On all great occasions, each district +sends a male victim; and the island containing forty +districts, it may be presumed the mortality is great. +Between the sacrifices and the ravages of war, a preponderating +number of females must have taken place; +to counteract which, a law passed, that every other +female child should be put to death at birth; and the +husband always officiating as acoucheur to his wife, the +child is destroyed as soon as the sex is discovered.</p> + +<p>The absurdity of this inhuman law is now pretty +evident. Women are become more scarce, and set a +higher value on their charms, which occasions many +desperate battles amongst them. Some with fractured +skulls were sent on board of us, which had been got in +amorous affrays of that kind.</p> + +<p>It may naturally be supposed, that people of such +gentle natures make no conspicuous figure in the theatre +of war.</p> + +<p>Their war-canoes are very large, on which a platform is +placed, capable of containing from a hundred and fifty +to two hundred men. But their taste in decorating the +prow of their men of war, plainly indicates they are more +versed in the fields of Venus than Mars, every man of +war having a figure head of the god Priapus, with a preposterous +insignia of his order; the sight of which never +fails to excite great glee and good humour amongst the +ladies.</p> + +<p>It is customary with those nations at war, that the +treaty of peace be confirmed by the conquerors sending a +certain number of their women to cohabit with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115"></a>[<a href="./images/115.png">115</a>]</span> +nation that is vanquished, in order to conciliate their +affection by a bond more lasting than wax and parchment. +It was the unhappy lot of Otaheite to be overcome by a +nation whose women were too masculine for them; +they being accustomed to the amorous dalliance of their +own beautiful females, were averse to familiar intercourse +with strangers. The ladies returned with all the rage +of disappointed women, and the war was renewed with +all its horrors.</p> + +<p>They are well acquainted with the bow and arrow, but +use it as an amusement. The only missive weapons +they use are the sling and spear. They have now amongst +them about twenty stand of arms, and two hundred +rounds of powder and ball. They can take a musket to +pieces, and put it up again; are good marksmen, take +proper care of their arms and ammunition; and are +highly sensible of the superior advantage it gives them over +the neighbouring nations.</p> + +<p>In the preparing and printing their cloth, the women +display a great share of ingenuity and good taste. Many +of their figures were exactly the patterns which prevailed, +as fashionable, when we left England, both striped and +figured. They print their figured cloth by dipping the +leaves in dye-stuffs of different colours, placing them as +their fancy directs. Their cloth is of different texture +of fineness, from a stuff of the same nature in quality +as the slightest India paper, to a kind as durable as some +of our cottons; but they will not bear water, and of course +become troublesome and expensive. They are generally +made up in bales, running about two yards broad, and +twenty or thirty yards long. We had some thousands of +yards of it sent on board as presents.</p> + +<p>Their sumptuary laws, at first sight, may appear +severe towards the fair sex, who are not permitted to eat +butchermeat, nor to eat at all, in the presence of their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116"></a>[<a href="./images/116.png">116</a>]</span> +husbands. It certainly does not convey the most delicate +ideas, to a mind impressed with much sensibility, to see a +fine woman devouring a piece of beef; and those voluptuaries, +who may be said to exist only by their women, +would naturally endeavour to remove the possibility of +presupposing a disgusting idea in that object in which all +their happiness centres.</p> + +<p>Every woman, the queen and royal family excepted, +on the approach of the king, is denuded down to the waist, +and continues so whilst his majesty is in sight. Should +the king enter a woman's house, it is immediately pulled +down. The king is never permitted to help himself with +meat or drink, which makes him a very troublesome +visitor, as he is never quiet whilst a bottle is in sight till +he has had the last drop of it.</p> + +<p>Their houses are well adapted to the temperate climate +they inhabit, and generally consist of three chambers, +the interior one of which the chief retires to, after he has +drank his cava. A profound silence is observed during his +repose; for should they be suddenly awaked, it produces +violent vomiting, and a train of uneasy sensations; but, +otherwise, if undisturbed, it proves a safe anodyne, creates +amorous dreams, and a powerful excitement to venery. +In the adjoining chamber, his fair spouse waits, with +eager expectation, to avail herself of the happy moment +when her lord should awake, which is by slow degrees; +and he is roused from Elysium, by her gentle offices, in +tenderly embracing every part of his body, until his ideal +scenes of bliss are realised; and when fully sated with the +luscious banquet, they retire to the bath, to gather fresh +vigour for a renewal of similar joys. In this mazy round +of chaste dissipation, the hours glide gently on, and the +evening is spent in dancing to the music of Pan's pipes, +the flute, and hæva drum. They then go to the bath +again, and the festivity of the evening is concluded with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117"></a>[<a href="./images/117.png">117</a>]</span> +a repast of fruit, and young cocoanut milk. The whole +village indiscriminately join the feast; and the demon of +rank and precedence, with their appendages malevolence +and envy, has never yet disturbed their happy board.</p> + +<p>Happy would it have been for those people had they +never been visited by Europeans; for, to our shame be +it spoken, disease and gunpowder is all the benefit they +have ever received from us, in return for their hospitality +and kindness. The ravages of the venereal disease is +evident, from the mutilated objects so frequent amongst +them, where death has not thrown a charitable veil over +their misery, by putting a period to their existence.</p> + +<p>A disease of the consumptive kind has of late made +great havoc amongst them; this they call the British +disease, as they have only had it since their intercourse +with the English.</p> + +<p>In this complaint they are avoided by society, from a +supposition of its being contagious; and in every old out-house, +you will find miserable objects, for want of medical +assistance, abandoned to their wretched fate. From what +we could learn, it generally terminates fatally in ten or +twelve months; but I am led to believe, that in many cases +it originates from the venereal disease.<a name="FNanchor_117-1" id="FNanchor_117-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_117-1" class="fnanchor">[117-1]</a></p> + +<p>The voice of humanity honour, and justice, calls upon +us as a nation to remedy those evils, by sending some +intelligent surgeon to live amongst them. They at +present pant for the pruning-hand of civilization and the +arts; love and adore us as beings of a superior nature, but +gently upbraid us with having left them in the same +abject state they were at first discovered.</p> + +<p>We had buoyed many of them up with the hopes of +carrying them to England with us, in order to secure their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118"></a>[<a href="./images/118.png">118</a>]</span> +fidelity and honesty, especially those who were most +useful in our domestic concerns; but on explaining to +them that even bread was not to be obtained in England +without labour, they lost hopes of their favourite voyage.</p> + +<p>Large presents were now brought us for our sea-store; +and notwithstanding Mr. Bentham our purser having +most liberally supplied the ship with four pounds of fresh +pork per man each day, it made no apparent scarcity; +beside salting some thousand weight, and a prodigious +number of goats, fowls, and other things. Could we have +made it convenient to have staid another week, some cows +were promised to have been sent us from a neighbouring +island. Capt. Cook had left with them a horse and mare, +a cow with calf, and a bull; but, from some mistake, +they killed a horse instead of one of the cows, and found it +very tough, disagreeable eating, by which means they were +disgusted with all the horned cattle, and drew an unfavourable +conclusion that their meat was all of the same +texture. Had some pains been taken with them, to get +the better of a dislike they have to milk, and explained to +them how variously it might be employed as food, I +have no doubt but they would have paid more attention to +the horned cattle. They used to persist in saying that +milk was urine; but on pointing to a woman that was +suckling her child, and pushing their own argument, +they seemed convinced of their error. We have left them +a goose and a gander, which they take a great delight in.</p> + +<p>Edea, the Queen, endeavoured to conquer that absurd +dislike, and at last became fond of milk in her tea.</p> + +<p>A painting of Capt. Cook, done in oil by Webber, which +had been delivered to Capt. Edwards on his first landing, +was now returned to them. It is held by them in the +greatest veneration; and I should not be surprised if, +one day or other, divine honours should be paid to it. +They still believe Capt. Cook is living; and their seeing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119"></a>[<a href="./images/119.png">119</a>]</span> +Mr. Bentham our purser, whom they perfectly recollected +as having been the voyage with him, and spoke their +language, will confirm them in that opinion.</p> + +<p>The harbour was surveyed by Mr. Geo. Passmore, the +master, an able and experienced officer.</p> + +<p>Our officers here, as at Rio Janeiro, showed the most +manly and philanthropic disposition, by giving up their +cabins, and sacrificing every comfort and convenience +for the good of mankind, in accommodating boxes with +plants of the Bread-fruit tree, that the laudable intentions +of government might not be frustrated from the loss of +his majesty's ship <i>Bounty</i>.</p> + +<p>We had now completed our water from an excellent +spring, out of a rock close to the water's edge, at Offaree.</p> + +<p>King Ottoo, and his queen Edea, came on board, +and were very importunate in their solicitations to Capt. +Edwards, requesting him to take them to England with +him. Aeredy, the concubine, likewise requested the same +favour; but she more generously begged they might all +three go together. But Oripai, and the other chiefs, +remonstrated against his going, as they were on the eve +of a war.</p> + +<p>We were now perfectly ready for sea; and as Capt. +Cook's picture is presented to all strangers, it is customary +for navigators to write their observations on the back of +it; so our arrival and departure was notified upon it.</p> + +<p>The ship was filled with cocoa-nuts and fruit, as many +pigs, goats, and fowls, as the decks and boats would hold. +The dismal day of our departure now arrived. This I +believe was the first time that an Englishman got up his +anchor, at the remotest part of the globe, with a heavy +heart, to go home to his own country. Every canoe +almost in the island was hovering round the ship; and +they began to mourn, as is customary for the death of a +near relation. They bared their bodies, cut their heads<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120"></a>[<a href="./images/120.png">120</a>]</span> +with shells, and smeared their breasts and shoulders with +the warm blood, as it streamed down; and as the blood +ceased flowing, they renewed the wounds in their head, +attended with a dismal yell.</p> + +<p>Ottoo now took leave of us; and, with the tears +trickling down his cheeks, begged to be remembered to +King George. The tender was put in commission, and the +command of her given to Mr. Oliver the master's mate, +Mr. Renouard a midshipman, James Dodds a quartermaster; +and six privates were put on board of her. +She was decked, beautifully built, and the size of a +Gravesend boat.</p> + + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91-1" id="Footnote_91-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91-1"><span class="label">[91-1]</span></a> First printed at Berwick in 1793.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96-1" id="Footnote_96-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96-1"><span class="label">[96-1]</span></a> Afternoon entertainments.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_117-1" id="Footnote_117-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117-1"><span class="label">[117-1]</span></a> Compare the ravages of the great Lila (wasting sickness) in Fiji, +and the accounts of similar visitations following on the first visit of an +European ship to an insular people. (The Fijians, p. 243).</p></div> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121"></a>[<a href="./images/121.png">121</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAP_II" id="CHAP_II"></a>CHAP. II.</h2> + +<h3>VOYAGE FROM OTAHEITE TO ANAMOOKA.</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">With</span> a pleasant breeze, on the evening of the 8th of May, +passed Emea or York Island, contiguous to, and in sight +of Otaheite. It is governed by Matuara, brother-in-law +to Ottoo. It is a pleasant romantic looking spot, with +very high hills upon it, and about twelve miles in circumference. +They were lately attacked by some neighbouring +power, and Matuara requested the lend of a +musket from his friend and ally. When peace was restored, +Ottoo sent for his musket. Matuara represented, +that as a man, from a sense of honour, he wished to return +it; but that as a king, the love he bore his subjects +prevented him complying with the request. That single +musket, and a few cartridges, gives him no small degree +of consequence, and are retained as the royal dower of +his wife.</p> + +<p>Next morning we reached Huaheine, and sent the boats +on shore in Owharre Bay. As Oedidy the chief requested +to go with us to Whytutakee, he went on shore with the +officers, in their search for intelligence of the mutineers; +but they returned without success.</p> + +<p>Here we learned the fate of Omai, the native of Otaheite, +whom Captain Cook brought from England. On his +return here he had wealth enough to obtain every fine +woman on the island; and at last fell a martyr to Venus,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122"></a>[<a href="./images/122.png">122</a>]</span> +having finished his career by the venereal disease, two +years after his landing. His house and garden are still +standing; but his musket occasioned a war after his +death, and was found in the possession of a native of +Ulitea. His servant was on board of us, but had not +retained a single article of his property.</p> + +<p>On the 10th, we examined Ulitea and Otaha, interchanged +presents with the natives, and landed in +Chamanen's Bay; but got no information.</p> + +<p>We examined Bolobola on the 11th; and Tatahu, the +king, honoured us with a visit. The people of this island +are of a more warlike disposition than any other of the +Society Islands; and on account of that national ferocity +of character, are much caressed by the Otaheitans and +neighbouring islands. They are sensible of their pre-eminence, +and boast of their country, in whatever island +you meet them. They are tatooed in a particular manner; +and whether they may have spread their conquests, or +other nations imitated them, I could not learn; but a +prodigious number, in islands we afterwards visited, were +tatooed in their fashion. What was most singular, we +saw some with the glans of the penis entirely tatooed; +and our men, from being tatooed in the legs, arms, and +breast, places of much less sensation, were often lame +for a week, from the excruciating torture of the operation. +Tatahu likewise informed us there were no white men on +Tubai, a small island to the northward of Bolobola, and +under his jurisdiction; nor upon Mauruah, another +island in sight, and to the westward of Bolobola. He also +mentioned another island, which he called Mopehah. +Here Oedidy went on shore; but getting drunk in meeting +some of his old friends, he fell asleep, and lost his passage. +On the 12th we left Mauruah, and on the 13th lost sight +of the Society Islands.</p> + +<p>Here one of the prisoners begged to speak with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123"></a>[<a href="./images/123.png">123</a>]</span> +Captain, and gave information of Mr. Christian's intended +rout.</p> + +<p>We now shaped our course to fall in to the eastward of +Whytutakee, an island discovered by Capt. Bligh, and +on the 19th made the island. We sent the boat on shore, +covered by the tender, to examine it; but found it a +thing impossible for the <i>Bounty</i> to have been there; and +the natives said they had seen no white people. They +were very shy, and we could not coax them on board. One +of them recollected having seen Lieut. Hayward on board +the <i>Bounty</i>. Here we purchased from the natives a +spear of most exquisite workmanship. It was nine feet +long, and cut in the form of a Gothic spire, all its ornaments +being executed in a kind of alto relievo; which, from the +slow progress they made with stone tools, must have been +the labour of a man's whole life.</p> + +<p>Here nature begins to assume a ruder aspect; and the +silken bands of love gives way to the rustic garniture of +war. The natives of either sex wear no cloathing, but a +girdle of stained leaves round their middle, and the men +a gorget, of the exact shape and size as at present wore +by officers in our service. It is made of the pearl oyster-shell. +The centre is black, and the transparent part of +the shell is left as an edge or border to it, which gives it a +very fine effect. It is slung round their neck with a band +of human hair, or the fibres of cocoa nut-shell, of admirable +texture, and a rose worked at each corner of the gorget, +the same as the military jemmy of the present day.</p> + +<p>We now began to discover, that the ladies of Otaheite +had left us many warm tokens of their affection.</p> + +<p>Instructions were given to the commander of the tender +to be particular in guarding against surprise, and a +rendezvous established, in case of separation; and on +Sunday, the 22nd of May, made Palmerston's Islands.</p> + +<p>The tender's signal was made to cover the boats in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124"></a>[<a href="./images/124.png">124</a>]</span> +landing; and some natives were seen rowing across the +lagoon to a considerable distance. Soon after their +landing, Lieut. Corner and his party discovered a yard +and some spars marked <i>Bounty</i>, and the broad arrow upon +them. When this intelligence was communicated to the +ship, a signal was made to the party on shore to advance +with great circumspection, and to guard against surprise. +Mr. Rickards, the master's mate, went in the cutter, and +made a circuit of the island.</p> + +<p>Lieuts. Corner and Hayward landed on the different +isles with cork-jackets; but the surf running very high +all round, rendered it exceedingly dangerous, and in +many places impracticable. Had they not been expert +swimmers, in duty of this kind, they must have certainly +been drowned, as they had not only themselves and the +party to take care of, but the arms and ammunition to +land dry.</p> + +<p>About four o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Sival the midshipman +came on board in the jolly-boat, and brought +with him several very curious stained canoes, representing +the figure of men, fishes, and beasts. He had committed +some mistake in the orders he was sent to execute, and was +ordered to return immediately to rectify it; but the boat +did not come back again. A few minutes after she left +the ship, the weather became thick and hazy, and began to +blow fresh; so that, even with the assistance of glasses, +they could not see whether she made the shore or not. It +continued to blow during the night, so as to prevent the +party on shore from coming on board. They had been +employed during the day in searching all the islands with +particular attention, having every reason to suspect the +mutineers were there, from finding the <i>Bounty's</i> yard and +spars. But at last, wore out with fatigue in marching, +and swimming through so many reefs, and having no +victuals the whole day, in the evening they began to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125"></a>[<a href="./images/125.png">125</a>]</span> +forage for something to eat. The gigantic cockle was the +only thing that presented. Of the shell of one they made +a kettle, to boil some junks of it in. (It may be necessary +here to remark, for the information of those who are not +acquainted with it, that there are some of them larger +than three men can carry.) Of this coarse fare, and some +cocoa-nuts, they made shift, with the assistance of a +good appetite, to make a tolerable hearty supper; they +then set the watch, and went to sleep. They had thrown +a large nut on the fire before they lay down, and forgot +it; but in the middle of the night, the milk of the cocoa-nut +became so expanded with the heat, that it burst with a +great explosion. Their minds had been so much engaged +in the course of the day with the enterprise they were +employed in, expecting muskets to be fired at them from +every bush, that they all jumped up, seized their arms, +and were some time before they could undeceive themselves +that they were really not attacked.</p> + +<p>In the morning the boats returned; and we were much +concerned to hear that they had seen nothing of the jolly-boat. +The tender received a fresh supply of provisions +and ammunition; at the same time they had orders to +cruise in a certain direction, to look for the jolly-boat; +and Palmerston's Isles was appointed as a rendezvous +to meet again. Lieut. Corner now came on board, in a +canoe not much bigger than a butcher's tray. The cutter +was sent a second time to search the reefs, but returned +without success. We then run down with the ship in +the direction the wind had blown the preceding day, in +hopes of finding the boat; but after a whole day's run to +leeward, and working up again by traverses to the isles, +saw nothing of her. The tender hove in sight in the evening, +and we again searched the isles without success. All +further hopes of seeing her were given up, and we proceeded +on our voyage. It may be difficult to surmise<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126"></a>[<a href="./images/126.png">126</a>]</span> +what has been the fate of these unfortunate men. They +had a piece of salt-beef thrown into the boat to them on +leaving the ship; and it rained a good deal that night and +the following day, which might satiate their thirst. It is +by these accidents the Divine Ruler of the universe has +peopled the southern hemisphere.<a name="FNanchor_126-1" id="FNanchor_126-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_126-1" class="fnanchor">[126-1]</a></p> + +<p>Here are innumerable islands in perpetual growth. +The coral, a marine vegetable, with which the South Seas +in every part abounds, is continually shooting up from +the bottom to the surface, which at first forms lagoon +islands; and the water in the centre is evaporated by +the heat of the sun, till at last a terra firma is completed. +In this state it would for ever remain a barren sand, had +not Divine Providence given birth to the cocoa-nut tree, +whose fruit is so protected with a hard shell, that after +floating about for a twelve-month in the sea, it will +vegetate, take root, and grow in those salt marshes, +lagoons, incipient islands, or what you please to call them. +Their roots serve to bind the surface of the coral; and +the annual shedding of their leaves, in time creates a +soil which produces a verdure or undergrowth. This +affords a favourite resting-place to sea-fowls, and the +whole feathered race, who in their dung drop the seeds of +shrubs, fruits, and plants; by which means all the variety +of the vegetable kingdom is disseminated. At last the +variegated landscape rises to the view; and when the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127"></a>[<a href="./images/127.png">127</a>]</span> +divine Architect has finished his work, it becomes then a +residence for man.</p> + +<p>From the various accidents incident to man in the early +stages of society, their wants, and the restless spirit +inherent in their natures, they are tempted to dare +the elements, either in fishing, commerce, or war; and +from their temerity are often blown to remote and uninhabited +islands. Distressing accidents of this nature +often happening to inhabitants of the South Seas, they +now seldom undertake any hazardous enterprise by water +without a woman, and a sow with pig, being in the canoe +with them; by which means, if they are cast on any of +those uninhabited islands, they fix their abode.</p> + +<p>Their remote situation from European powers has +deprived them of the culture of civilised life, as they +neither serve to swell the ambitious views of conquest, +nor the avarice of commerce. Here the sacred finger of +Omnipotence has interposed, and rendered our vices the +instruments of virtue; and although that unfortunate +man Christian has, in a rash unguarded moment, been +tempted to swerve from his duty to his king and country, +as he is in other respects of an amiable character and +respectable abilities, should he elude the hand of justice, +it may be hoped he will employ his talents in humanizing +the rude savages; so that, at some future period, a +British Ilion may blaze forth in the south with all the +characteristic virtues of the English nation, and complete +the great prophecy, by propagating the Christian knowledge +amongst the infidels. As Christian has taken fourteen +beautiful women with him from Otaheite, there is +little doubt of his intention of colonising some undiscovered +island.</p> + +<p>On the 6th day of June, we discovered an island, which +was named the Duke of York's island. Lieuts. Corner +and Hayward were sent out to examine it in the two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128"></a>[<a href="./images/128.png">128</a>]</span> +yauls, covered by the tender. Some huts being discovered +by the ship, a signal was immediately made for the party +on shore to be on their guard, and to advance with caution.</p> + +<p>Soon after their arrival on shore, a ship's wooden buoy +was discovered. On searching the huts, nets of different +sizes were found hanging in them, and a variety of fishing +utensils. Stages and wharfs were likewise discovered +in different parts of the creek, which led us to imagine it +was only an island resorted to in the fishing season by +some neighbouring nation. The skeleton of a very large +fish, supposed to be a whale, was found near the beach; +and a place of venerable aspect, formed entirely by the +hand of Nature, and resembling a Druidical temple, +commanded their attention. The falling of a very large +old tree, formed an arch, through which the interior +part of the temple was seen, which heightened the perspective, +and gave a romantic solemn dignity to the scene. +At the extreme end of the temple, three altars were placed, +the centre one higher than the other two, on which some +white shells were piled in regular order.<a name="FNanchor_128-1" id="FNanchor_128-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_128-1" class="fnanchor">[128-1]</a></p> + +<p>After traversing the island, they returned to the huts, +and hung up a few knives, looking-glasses, and some little +articles of European manufacture, that the natives, on +their return, might know the island had been visited.</p> + +<p>On the 12th, we discovered another island, which was +named the Duke of Clarence's island. In running along +the land, we saw several canoes crossing the lagoons. The +tender's signal was made, to cover the boats in landing, +and Lieuts. Corner and Hayward sent to reconnoitre the +beach, to discover a landing-place. In this duty they came +pretty near some of the natives in their canoes, who made +signs of peace to them; but, either from fear or business,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129"></a>[<a href="./images/129.png">129</a>]</span> +avoided having any intercourse with us. Morais, or +burying-places, were likewise found here, which indicated +it to be a principal residence. Here they find +some old cocoa trees hollowed longitudinally, as tanks +or reservoirs for the rain water.</p> + +<p>On the 18th, we discovered an island of more considerable +extent than any island that has hitherto been discovered +in the south; and as there were many collateral +circumstances which might hereafter promise it to be a +discovery of national importance, in honour of the first +lord of the admiralty, it was called Chatham's Island. +It is beautifully diversified with hills and dales, of twice +the extent of Otaheite, and a hardy warlike race of people. +The natives described a large river to us, which disembogued +itself into a spacious bay, that promises +excellent anchorage.<a name="FNanchor_129-1" id="FNanchor_129-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_129-1" class="fnanchor">[129-1]</a> Here we learned the death of +Fenow, king of Anamooka, from one of his family of the +same name, who had a finger cut off in mourning for him. +After trading a whole day with the natives, who seemed +fair and honourable in their dealings, we examined it +without success, and proceeded on our voyage.</p> + +<p>On the 21st we discovered a very considerable island, +of about forty miles long. It was named by the natives +Otutuelah. Capt. Edwards gave no name to it; but +should posterity derive the advantages from it which it +at present promises, I presume it may hereafter be called +Edwards's island.<a name="FNanchor_129-2" id="FNanchor_129-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_129-2" class="fnanchor">[129-2]</a></p> + +<p>It is well wooded with immense large trees, whose foliage +spreads like the oak; and there is a deal of shrubbery +on it, bearing a yellow flower. The natives are remarkably +handsome. Some of them had their skins tinged +with yellow, as a mark of distinction, which at first led +us to imagine they were diseased. Neither sex wear any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130"></a>[<a href="./images/130.png">130</a>]</span> +cloathing but a girdle of leaves round their middle, +stained with different colours. The women adorn their +hair with chaplets of sweet-smelling flowers and bracelets, +and necklaces of flowers round their wrists and neck.</p> + +<p>On their first coming on board, they trembled for fear. +They were perfectly ignorant of fire-arms, never having +seen a European ship before. They made many gestures +of submission, and were struck with wonder and surprise +at every thing they saw. Amongst other things, they +brought us some most remarkable fine puddings, which +abounded with aromatic spiceries, that excelled in taste +and flavour the most delicate seed-cake. As we have +never hitherto known of spices or aromatics being in +the South Seas, it is certainly a matter worthy the investigation +of some future circumnavigators. We traded with +them the whole day, and got many curiosities. Birds +and fowls, of the most splendid plumage, were brought on +board, some resembling the peacock, and a great variety +of the parrot kind.</p> + +<p>One woman amongst many others came on board. +She was six feet high, of exquisite beauty, and exact +symmetry, being naked, and unconscious of her being so, +added a lustre to her charms; for, in the words of the +poet, "She needed not the foreign ornaments of dress; +careless of beauty, she was beauty's self."</p> + +<p>Many mouths were watering for her; but Capt. Edwards, +with great humanity and prudence, had given previous +orders, that no woman should be permitted to go below, +as our health had not quite recovered the shock it received +at Otaheite; and the lady was obliged to be contented +with viewing the great cabin, where she was shewn the +wonders of the Lord on the face of the mighty deep. +Before evening, the women went all on shore, and the +men began to be troublesome and pilfering. The third +lieutenant had a new coat stole out of his cabin; and they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131"></a>[<a href="./images/131.png">131</a>]</span> +were making off with every bit of iron they could lay +hands on.</p> + +<p>It now came on to blow fresh, and we were obliged +to make off from the land. Those who were engaged in +trade on board were so anxious, that we had got almost +out of sight of their canoes before they perceived the ship's +motion, when they all jumped into the water like a flock +of wild geese; but one fellow, more earnest than the +rest, hung by the rudder chains for a mile or two, thinking +to detain her.</p> + +<p>This evening, at five o'clock, we unfortunately parted +company, and lost sight of our tender. False fires were +burnt, and great guns and small arms were fired without +success, as it came on thick blowing weather.</p> + +<p>We cruised for her all the 23rd and 24th, near where we +parted company, which was off a piece of remarkable +high land. What was most unfortunate, water and +provisions were then on deck for her, which were intended +to have been put on board of her in the morning. She +had the day before received orders, in case of separation, +to rendezvous at Anamooka, and to wait there for us. A +small cag of salt, and another of nails and iron-ware, +were likewise put on board of her, to traffic with the +Indians, and the latitudes and longitudes of the places +we would touch at, in our intended rout. She had a boarding +netting fixed, to prevent her being boarded, and several +seven-barrelled pieces and blunderbusses put on board +of her.</p> + +<p>As we proceeded to the eastward, we saw another +island, which we knew to be one of the navigator's isles, +discovered by Mons. Bougainville. On the 28th, in the +morning, saw the Happai Islands, discovered by Capt. +Cook, and before noon, the group of islands to the eastward +of Anamooka, and sailed down between Little +Anamooka and the <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Falafagee'">Fallafagee</ins> Island.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132"></a>[<a href="./images/132.png">132</a>]</span> +On the 29th, we anchored in the road of Anamooka. +Immediately on our arrival, a large sailing canoe was +hired, and Lieut. Hayward and one private sent to the +Happai and Feegee Islands,<a name="FNanchor_132-1" id="FNanchor_132-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_132-1" class="fnanchor">[132-1]</a> to make inquiry after the +<i>Bounty</i> and our tender; but received no intelligence. +Here they found an axe, which had been left by Capt. +Cook, and bartered with the natives of the different +islands for hogs, yams, &c.</p> + +<p>The people of Anamooka are the most daring set of +robbers in the South Seas; and, with the greatest deference +and submission to Capt. Cook, I think the name of +Friendly Isles is a perfect misnomer, as their behaviour +to himself, to us, and to Capt. Bligh's unfortunate boat at +Murderer's Cove, pretty clearly evinces. Indeed Murderer's +Cove, in the Friendly Isles, is saying a volume on +the subject.</p> + +<p>Two or three of the officers were taking a walk on shore +one evening, who had the precaution to take their pistols +with them. They seemed to crowd round us with more +than idle curiosity; but, on presenting the pistols to +them, they sheered off. The Captain soon joined us, +and brought his servant with him, carrying a bag of nails, +and some trifling presents, which he meant to distribute +amongst them; but he took the bag from him, and +dispatched him with a message to the boat, on which the +crowd followed him. As soon as he got out of our sight, +they stripped him naked, and robbed him of his cloaths, +and every article he had, but one shoe, which he used for +concealing his nakedness. At this juncture Lieut. Hayward +arrived from his expedition, and called the assistance +of the guard in searching for the robbers. We saw +the natives all running, and dodging behind the trees, which +led us to suspect there was some mischief brewing; but +we soon discovered the great Irishman, with his shoe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133"></a>[<a href="./images/133.png">133</a>]</span> +full in one hand, and a bayonet in the other, naked and +foaming mad with revenge on the natives, for the treatment +he had received. Night coming on, we went on +board, without recovering the poor fellow's cloathes.</p> + +<p>Next day we were honoured with a visit from Tatafee, +king of Anamooka, who was of lineal descent from the +same family that reigned in the island when discovered +by Tasman, the Dutch circumnavigator; and the story +of his landing and supplying them with dogs and hogs, +is handed down, by oral tradition, to this day.<a name="FNanchor_133-1" id="FNanchor_133-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_133-1" class="fnanchor">[133-1]</a></p> + +<p>Here society may be said to exist in the second stage +with respect to Otaheite. As land is scarcer, private +property is more exactly ascertained, and each man's +possession fenced in with a beautiful Chinese railing. +Highways, and roads leading to public places, are neatly +fenced in on each side, and a handsome approach to their +houses by a gravel-walk, with shubbery planted with some +degree of taste on each side of it. Many of them had +rows of pine apples on each side of the avenue. Messrs. +Hayward and Corner, with their usual benevolence, +took much pains in teaching them the manner of transplanting +their pine-apples; which hint they immediately +adopted, and were very thankful for any advice, either in +rearing their fruit, or cultivating their ground. The +shaddocks are superior in flavour to those of the West +Indies; and they will soon have oranges from what we +have left amongst them.</p> + +<p>The women here are extremely beautiful; and although +they want that feminine softness of manners which the +Otaheite women possess in so eminent a degree, their +matchless vivacity, and fine animated countenances, +compensate the want of the softer blandishments of their +sister island.</p> + +<p>There is a favourite amusement of the ladies here, (the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></a>[<a href="./images/134.png">134</a>]</span> +cup and ball), such as children play at in England. It +serves to give them a dégagé kind of air, by which means +you have a more elegant display of their charms. They +are well aware of their fascinating powers, and use them +with as much address as our fine women do notting, and +other acts of industry. Trade went briskly on. They +brought abundance of hogs, and several ton weight of +very excellent yams. We found that the pork took salt, +and was cured much better here than at Otaheite.</p> + +<p>Many beautiful girls were brought on board for sale +by their mothers, who were very exorbitant in their +demands, as nothing less than a broad axe would satisfy +them; but after standing their market three days, <i>la +pucelage</i> fell to an old razor, a pair of scissors, or a very +large nail. Indeed this trade was pushed to so great a +height, that the quarter-deck became the scene of the +most indelicate familiarities. Nor did the unfeeling +mothers commiserate with the pain and suffering of the +poor girls, but seemed to enjoy it as a monstrous good +thing. It is customary here, when girls meet with an +accident of this kind, that a council of matrons is held, +and the noviciate has a gash made in her fore finger. We +soon observed a number of cut fingers amongst them; +and had the razors held out, I believe all the girls in the +island would have undergone the same operation.</p> + +<p>A party was sent on shore to cut wood for fuel, and +grass for the sheep; but they would not permit a blade of +grass to be cut till they were paid for it.</p> + +<p>The watering party shared the same fate; and notwithstanding +a guard of armed men were sent to protect +the others whilst on that duty, the natives were continually +harassing them, and commiting depredations. +One of them came behind Lieut. Corner, and made a +blow at him with his club, which luckily missed his head, +and only stunned him in the back of the neck; and,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135"></a>[<a href="./images/135.png">135</a>]</span> +while in that state, snatched his handkerchief from him; +but Mr. Corner recovering before the thief got out of sight, +levelled his piece and shot him dead.</p> + +<p>Tatafee<a name="FNanchor_135-1" id="FNanchor_135-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_135-1" class="fnanchor">[135-1]</a> the king was going to collect tribute from the +islands under his jurisdiction, and went in the frigate to +Tofoa; but previous to our sailing, a letter was left to +Mr. Oliver, the commander of the tender, should he chance +to arrive before our return, with Macaucala, a principal +chief. In the night, the burning mountain on Tofoa +exhibited a very grand spectacle; and in the morning two +canoes were sent on shore, to announce the arrival of +those two great personages, Tatafee and Toobou, who went +on shore in the <i>Pandora's</i> barge, to give them more +consequence; but the tributary princes came off in canoes, +to do homage to Tatafee before he reached the shore. +They came alongside the barge, lowered their heads over +the side of the canoe, and Tatafee, agreeable to their +custom, put his foot upon their heads. When on shore, +what presents he had received from us, he distributed +amongst his subjects, with a liberality worthy of a great +prince.</p> + +<p>Some of the people were here who behaved with such +savage barbarity to Capt. Bligh's boat at Murderer's +Cove. They perfectly recollected Mr. Hayward, and +seemed to shrink from him. Captain Edwards took +much pains with Tatafee, the king, to make him sensible +of his disapprobation of their conduct to Capt. Bligh's +boat. But conciliatory and gentle means were all that +could be enjoined at present, lest our tender should +fall in amongst them.</p> + + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_126-1" id="Footnote_126-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126-1"><span class="label">[126-1]</span></a> This gives occasion for a splenetic and unjust tirade from an +anonymous writer in the <i>United Service Journal</i> for 1831: "When +this boat with a midshipman and several men (four) had been inhumanely +ordered from alongside, it was known that there was nothing +in her but one piece of salt beef, compassionately thrown in by a +seaman; and horrid as must have been their fate, the flippant +surgeon, after detailing the disgraceful fact, adds 'that this is the +way the world was peopled,' or words to that effect, for we quote +only from memory." With a fresh E.S.E. breeze and no provisions +there can be little doubt that Midshipman Sival perished at sea, but +neither Edwards nor Hamilton are to be censured, the former for +despatching a boat on ordinary duty, the latter for penning a +platitude.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_128-1" id="Footnote_128-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128-1"><span class="label">[128-1]</span></a> This suggests the Fijian <i>Nanga</i>, or 'bed of the ancestors,' a cult +introduced by native castaways many generations ago. These +castaways may have been Polynesians.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_129-1" id="Footnote_129-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129-1"><span class="label">[129-1]</span></a> Savaii in the Samoa group. See <a href="#Footnote_49-1">p. 49</a> <i>ante</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_129-2" id="Footnote_129-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129-2"><span class="label">[129-2]</span></a> It is known by its native name, Tutuila.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_132-1" id="Footnote_132-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132-1"><span class="label">[132-1]</span></a> A mistake. Hayward visited Huapai only.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_133-1" id="Footnote_133-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133-1"><span class="label">[133-1]</span></a> Tasman visited Namuka in 1642.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_135-1" id="Footnote_135-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135-1"><span class="label">[135-1]</span></a> Fatafehi.</p></div> +</div> + + +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></a>[<a href="./images/136.png">136</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAP_III" id="CHAP_III"></a>CHAP. III.</h2> + +<h3>VOYAGE FROM ANAMOOKA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE +LOSS OF THE <i>PANDORA</i>.</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> wind not permitting us to visit Tongataboo, we +proceeded to Catooa and Navigator's Isles, the loss of +our tender having prevented us from doing it before, +and endeavoured to fall in with the eastermost of these +islands.</p> + +<p>On the morning of the 12th of July, we discovered a +cluster of islands in the N.W. quarter; but the wind being +favourable for us, left examining of them till our return +to the Friendly Isles.<a name="FNanchor_136-1" id="FNanchor_136-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-1" class="fnanchor">[136-1]</a> On the 14th, in the forenoon, +saw three isles, supposed to be the cluster of isles called +by Bougainville Navigator's Isles. The largest the +natives called Tumaluah.<a name="FNanchor_136-2" id="FNanchor_136-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-2" class="fnanchor">[136-2]</a> We passed them at a little +distance, and found much intreaty necessary to bring +them on board.</p> + +<p>On the 15th, we saw another island, which proved to be +Otutuelah,<a name="FNanchor_136-3" id="FNanchor_136-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-3" class="fnanchor">[136-3]</a> which has been already described. Here +we found some of the French navigator's cloathing and +buttons; and there is little doubt but they have murdered +them.<a name="FNanchor_136-4" id="FNanchor_136-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-4" class="fnanchor">[136-4]</a></p> + +<p>On the 18th, saw the group of islands we discovered +on our way here; and on the 19th, ran down the north +side till we came to an opening, where we saw the sea on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137"></a>[<a href="./images/137.png">137</a>]</span> +the other side. A sound is formed here by some islands +to the south east and north west, and interior bays, +which promises better anchorage than any other place +in the Friendly Isles. The natives told us there were +excellent watering-places in several different parts within +the sound. The country is well wooded. Several of the +inferior chiefs were on board, one of the Tatafee, and one +of the Toobou family; but the principal chief was not on +board. We supposed he was coming off just as we sailed.<a name="FNanchor_137-1" id="FNanchor_137-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_137-1" class="fnanchor">[137-1]</a> +The natives in general were very fair and honourable in +their dealings. They were more inoffensive and better +behaved than any we had seen for some time. They have +frequent intercourse with Anamooka, and their religion, +customs, and language, are the same.</p> + +<p>A number of beautiful paroquets were brought off by +the natives, all remarkable for the richness and variety +of their plumage.</p> + +<p>The group of islands was called Howe's Islands, but were +particularly distinguished by the names of Barrington's, +Sawyer's, Hotham's, and Jarvis's Islands. The sound +itself was called Curtis's Sound. Under the general +denomination of Howe's Islands, were included several +islands to the south east, to which we gave no particular +name, and two more islands to the westward, called +Bickerton's Islands, including two small islands near the +above. There seems to be a tolerable landing-place on +the north-west side of Gardner's Island. All this part of +the island has a most barren aspect. There were evident +marks of volcanic eruptions having happened. The very +singular appearance which this part of the island presented, +I cannot omit mentioning; it bore the figure of a piece +of flat table-land, without the slightest eminence or +indentation, and smoke was issuing from the edges, +round its whole circumference.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></a>[<a href="./images/138.png">138</a>]</span> +On the 23rd, we passed an inhabited island, which we +supposed to be the Pylestaart island. It has two remarkable +high peaks upon it.</p> + +<p>On the 26th, we saw Middleburg Island, and run down +between it and Euah; examined it without success; +passed Tongatabu; got some provisions here, but found +the water brackish.</p> + +<p>On the 29th, we anchored again in the road of Anamooka. +We were sorry to hear the tender had not been +there. On the 5th of August, we again proceeded on our +voyage. As the occurrences at this time bore some +semblance to the transactions in our last visit, to avoid +wounding the delicate, or satiating the licentious, we shall +conclude in the torpid phraseology of the log, with ditto +repeated.</p> + +<p>Every thing being ready for sea on the 3d day of August, +we sailed from Anamooka; and on the 5th, discovered +an island of some considerable extent, called by the +natives Onooafow,<a name="FNanchor_138-1" id="FNanchor_138-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_138-1" class="fnanchor">[138-1]</a> which we called Proby's Island, in +honour of Commissioner Proby. We traded with the +inhabitants for some hours. The land was hilly, and the +houses of much larger construction than we had observed +in those seas.</p> + +<p>We were now convinced that we were further to the +westward than we imagined, and therefore shaped a +course to fall in to the eastward of Wallis's Island; and +next day fell in with it. We gave presents, as customary, +to the first boat; who, from a theft they committed, were +afraid to return. Their cheek-bones were much bruised +and flattened, and some had both their little fingers +cut off.<a name="FNanchor_138-2" id="FNanchor_138-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_138-2" class="fnanchor">[138-2]</a></p> + +<p>We bore away, intending to steer in the track of Carteret +and Bligh, between Spirito Santo and Santa Cruz; and +on the 8th saw land to the westward. We sounded, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139"></a>[<a href="./images/139.png">139</a>]</span> +found no bottom. We run down the island, and saw a +vast number of houses amongst the trees. It is very hilly, +and, from the great height of some of them, may be called +mountains. They are cultivated to the top; the reason +of which, I presume, is from its being so full of inhabitants. +It is about seven miles long; and being a new discovery, +we called it Grenville's Island, in honour of Lord Grenville. +The name the natives gave it is Rotumah. They came off +in a fleet of canoes, rested on their paddles, and gave the +war-hoop at stated periods. They were all armed with +clubs, and meant to attack us; but the magnitude and +novelty of such an object as a man of war, struck them +with a mixture of wonder and fear. They were, however, +perfectly ignorant of fire-arms, and seemed much +startled at the report of a musket, were too shy to +stand the experiment of a great gun. As they came +off with hostile intentions, they brought no women with +them.</p> + +<p>They wore necklaces, bracelets, and girdles of white +shells. Their bodies were curiously marked with the +figures of men, dogs, fishes, and birds, upon every part of +them; so that every man was a moving landscape. These +marks were all raised, and done, I suppose, by pinching +up the skin.</p> + +<p>They were great adepts in thieving, and uncommonly +athletic and strong. One fellow was making off with +some booty, but was detected; and although five of the +stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and had +fast hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered +them all, and jumped overboard with his prize. There +is a high promontory on this island, which we named +Mount Temple.</p> + +<p>On the 11th, no land being then in sight, we run over +a reef of coral, in eleven fathom water. We were much +alarmed, but passed it in five minutes; and on sounding<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></a>[<a href="./images/140.png">140</a>]</span> +immediately afterwards, found no bottom. This was +called Pandora's Reef.</p> + +<p>On the 12th, in the morning, we discovered an island +well wooded, but not inhabited. It had two remarkable +promontories on it, one resembling a mitre, and the +other a steeple; from whence we called it Mitre Island. +We passed it, and stood to the westward; and at ten, +the same morning, discovered another island to the north +west. It is entirely cultivated, and a vast number of +inhabitants, though only a mile in length. The beach +from the east, round by the south, is a white sand, but too +much surf for a boat to attempt to land. In gratitude +for the many good things we had on board, and the very +high state of preservation in which they kept, we called +this Cherry's Island, in honour of —— Cherry, Esq; +Commissioner of the Victualling-office.<a name="FNanchor_140-1" id="FNanchor_140-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_140-1" class="fnanchor">[140-1]</a></p> + +<p>On the 13th of August, we discovered another island +to the north west. It is mountainous, and covered with +wood to the very summit. We saw no inhabitants, but +smoke in many different parts of it, from which it may +be presumed it is inhabited. This we called Pitt's +Island.<a name="FNanchor_140-2" id="FNanchor_140-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_140-2" class="fnanchor">[140-2]</a></p> + +<p>On the 17th, at midnight, we discovered breakers on +each bow. We had just room to wear ship; and as this +merciful escape was from the vigilance of one Wells, who +was looking out ahead, it was called Wells's Shoals. +Those hair-breadth escapes may point out the propriety +of a consort. In the morning, at day-light, we put about, +to examine the danger we were in, and found we had got +embayed in a double reef, which will very soon be an +island. We run round its north west end, and on the +23d saw land, which we supposed to be the Luisiade, a +cape bearing north east and by east. We called it Cape +Rodney. Another contiguous to it was called Cape<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141"></a>[<a href="./images/141.png">141</a>]</span> +Hood; and a mountain between them, we named Mount +Clarence.</p> + +<p>After passing Cape Hood, the land appears lower, and +to trench away about north west, forming a deep bay; +and it may be doubted whether it joins New Guinea or +not.</p> + +<p>We pursued our course to the westward, keeping +Endeavour Straits open, by which means we hoped to +avoid the dangers Capt. Cook met with in higher latitudes.</p> + +<p>On the 25th, saw breakers; hauled up, and passed to +the westward of them; the sea broke very gently on them. +To these we gave the name of Look-out Shoals. Before +noon we saw more breakers, the reef of which was composed +of very large stones, and called it Stony-reef Island.</p> + +<p>On seeing obstruction to the southward, stood to the +westward, where there appeared to be an opening. We +saw an island in that direction, and a reef extending a +considerable way to the north west. Hauled upon the +wind, seeing our passage obstructed, and stood off and +on, under an easy sail in the night, till daylight; and in +the morning bore away, and discovered four islands, to +which the name of Murray's Islands was given. On the +top of the largest, there was something resembling a +fortification. We saw at the same time three two-masted +boats. We kept running along the reef, and in +the forenoon thought we saw an opening. Lieut. Corner +was immediately ordered to get ready, to discover if there +was a passage for the ship, and went to the topmasthead, +to look well round him before he left us. It was judged +necessary that he should take with him an axe, some fuel, +provisions, a little water, and a compass, previous to his +departure.</p> + +<p>It was now the 28th of August. It had lately been our +custom to lay to in the night, M. Bougainville having +represented this part of the ocean as exceedingly dan<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142"></a>[<a href="./images/142.png">142</a>]</span>gerous; +and it certainly is the boldest piece of navigation +that has ever yet been attempted. We would gladly +have continued the same custom; but the great length +of the voyage would not permit it, as, after we had passed +to the wastward of Bougainville's track, the ocean was +perfectly unexplored.</p> + +<p>At five in the afternoon, a signal was made from the +boat, that a passage through the reef was discovered for +the ship; but wishing to be well informed in so intricate +a business, and the day being far spent, we waited the +boats coming on board, made a signal to expedite her, and +afterwards repeated it. Night closing fast upon us, and +considering our former misfortunes of losing the tender +and jolly-boat, rendered it necessary, both for the preservation +of the boat, and the success of the voyage, to +endeavour, by every possible means, to get hold of her.</p> + +<p>False fires were burnt, and muskets fired from the ship, +and answered by the boat reciprocally; and as the flashes +from their muskets were distinctly seen by us, she was +reasonably soon expected on board. We now sounded, +but had no bottom with a hundred and ten fathom line, +till past seven o'clock, when we got ground in fifty fathom. +The boat was now seen close under the stern; we were +at the same time lying to, to prevent the ship fore-reaching. +Immediately on sounding this last time, the topsails +were filled; but before the tacks were hauled on board, +and the sails trimmed, she struck on a reef of rocks, and +at that instant the boat got on board. Every possible +effort was attempted to get her off by the sails; but that +failing, they were furled, and the boats hoisted out with +a view to carry out an anchor. Before that was accomplished, +the carpenter reported she made eighteen inches +water in five minutes; and in a quarter of an hour more, +she had nine feet water in the hold.</p> + +<p>The hands were immediately turned to the pumps,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143"></a>[<a href="./images/143.png">143</a>]</span> +and to bale at the different hatchways. Some of the +prisoners were let out of irons, and turned to the pumps. +At this dreadful crisis, it blew very violently; and she +beat so hard upon the rocks, that we expected her, every +minute, to go to pieces. It was an exceeding dark, +stormy night; and the gloomy horrors of death presented +us all round, being every where encompassed with rocks, +shoals, and broken water. About ten she beat over the +reef; and we let go the anchor in fifteen fathom water.</p> + +<p>The guns were ordered to be thrown overboard; and +what hands could be spared from the pumps, were employed +thrumbing a topsail to haul under her bottom, +to endeavour to fodder her. To add to our distress, at +this juncture one of the chain-pumps gave way; and she +gained fast upon us. The scheme of the topsail was now +laid aside, and every soul fell to baling and pumping. All +the boats, excepting one, were obliged to keep a long +distance off on account of the broken water, and the +very high surf that was running near us. We baled +between life and death; for had she gone down before +day-light, every soul must have perished. She now took +a heel, and some of the guns they were endeavouring to +throw over board run down to leeward, which crushed one +man to death; about the same time, a spare topmast +came down from the booms, and killed another man.</p> + +<p>The people now became faint at the pumps, and it was +necessary to give them some refreshment. We had +luckily between decks a cask of excellent strong ale, +which we brewed at Anamooka. This was tapped, and +served regularly to all hands, which was much preferable +to spirits, as it gave them strength without intoxication. +During this trying occasion, the men behaved with the +utmost intrepidity and obedience, not a man flinching +from his post. We continually cheered them at the pumps +with the delusive hopes of its being soon day-light.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144"></a>[<a href="./images/144.png">144</a>]</span> +About half an hour before day-break, a council of war +was held amongst the officers; and as she was then +settling fast down in the water, it was their unanimous +opinion, that nothing further could be done for the preservation +of his Majesty's ship; and it was their next care +to save the lives of the crew. To effect which, spars, +booms, hen-coops, and every thing buoyant was cut loose, +that when she went down, they might chance to get hold +of something. The prisoners were ordered to be let out +of irons. The water was now coming faster in at the gun-ports +than the pumps could discharge; and to this +minute the men never swerved from their duty. She now +took a very heavy heel, so much that she lay quite down +on one side.</p> + +<p>One of the officers now told the Captain, who was +standing aft, that the anchor on our bow was under +water; that she was then going; and, bidding him farewell, +jumped over the quarter into the water. The Captain +then followed his example, and jumped after him. At +that instant she took her last heel; and, while every one +were scrambling to windward, she sunk in an instant. +The crew had just time to leap over board, accompanying +it with a most dreadful yell. The cries of the men drowning +in the water was at first awful in the extreme; but +as they sunk, and became faint, it died away by degrees. +The boats, who were at some considerable distance in +the drift of the tide, in about half an hour, or little better, +picked up the remainder of our wretched crew.</p> + +<p>Morning now dawned, and the sun shone out. A sandy +key, four miles off, and about thirty paces long, afforded +us a resting place; and when all the boats arrived, we +mustered our remains, and found that thirty-five men and +four prisoners were drowned.</p> + +<p>After we had a little recovered our strength, the first +care was to haul up the boats. A guard was placed over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145"></a>[<a href="./images/145.png">145</a>]</span> +the prisoners. Providentially a small barrel of water, +a cag of wine, some biscuit, and a few muskets and +cartouch boxes, had been thrown into the boat. The heat +of the sun, and the reflection from the sand, was now +excruciating; and our stomachs being filled with salt +water, from the great length of time we were swimming +before we were picked up, rendered our thirst most +intolerable; and no water was allowed to be served out +the first day. By a calculation which we made, by filling +the compass boxes, and every utensil we had, we could +admit an allowance of two small wine glasses of water +a-day to each man for sixteen days.</p> + +<p>A saw and hammer had fortunately been in one of the +boats, which enabled us, with the greater expedition, to +make preparations for our voyage, by repairing one of +the boats, which was in a very bad state, and cutting up +the floor-boards of all the boats into uprights, round +which we stretched canvas, to keep the water from breaking +into the boats at sea. We made tents of the boats' +sails; and when it was dark, we set the watch, and went +to sleep. In the night we were disturbed by the irregular +behaviour of one Connell, which led us to suspect he had +stole our wine, and got drunk; but, on further inquiry, +we found that the excruciating torture he suffered from +thirst led him to drink salt water; by which means he +went mad, and died in the sequel of the voyage.</p> + +<p>Next morning Mr. George Passmore, the master, was +dispatched in one of the boats to visit the wreck, to see +if any thing floated round her that might be useful to +us in our present distressed state. He returned in two +hours, and brought with him a cat, which he found +clinging to the top-gallant-mast-head; a piece of the +top-gallant-mast, which he cut away; and about fifteen +feet of the lightning chain; which being copper, we cut +up, and converted into nails for fitting out the boats.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146"></a>[<a href="./images/146.png">146</a>]</span> +Some of the gigantic cockle was boiled, and cut into junks, +lest any one should be inclined to eat. But our thirst was +too excessive to bear any thing which would increase it. +This evening a wine glass of water was served to each man. +A paper-parcel of tea having been thrown into the boat, +the officers joined all their allowance, and had tea in the +Captain's tent with him. When it was boiled, every +one took a salt-cellar spoonful, and passed it to his neighbour; +by which means we moistened our mouths by slow +degrees, and received much refreshment from it.</p> + + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-1" id="Footnote_136-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-1"><span class="label">[136-1]</span></a> Vavau.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-2" id="Footnote_136-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-2"><span class="label">[136-2]</span></a> Manua.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-3" id="Footnote_136-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-3"><span class="label">[136-3]</span></a> Tutuila.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-4" id="Footnote_136-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-4"><span class="label">[136-4]</span></a> De Langle's boat had been cut off on 10 Dec. 1787.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_137-1" id="Footnote_137-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137-1"><span class="label">[137-1]</span></a> Finau Ulukalala.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_138-1" id="Footnote_138-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138-1"><span class="label">[138-1]</span></a> Niuafoou.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_138-2" id="Footnote_138-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138-2"><span class="label">[138-2]</span></a> A sign of mourning.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_140-1" id="Footnote_140-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140-1"><span class="label">[140-1]</span></a> Anula.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_140-2" id="Footnote_140-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140-2"><span class="label">[140-2]</span></a> Vanikoro.</p></div> +</div> + + +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147"></a>[<a href="./images/147.png">147</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAP_IV" id="CHAP_IV"></a>CHAP. IV.</h2> + +<h3>VOYAGE FROM THE WRECK TO THE ISLAND OF TIMOR.</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Every</span> thing being ready on the following day, at twelve +o'clock, we embarked in our little squadron, each boat +having been previously supplied with the latitude and +longitude of the island of Timor, eleven hundred miles +from this place.</p> + +<p>Our order of sailing was as follows.</p> + +<p>In the Pinnace:</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>Capt. Edwards,</li> +<li>Lieut. Hayward,</li> +<li>Mr. Rickards, Master's Mate,</li> +<li>Mr. Packer, Gunner,</li> +<li>Mr. Edmonds, Captain's Clerk,<ul class="plain"> +<li> Three Prisoners,</li> +<li> Sixteen Privates.</li></ul></li></ul> +<p> </p> +<p>In the Red Yaul:</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>Lieut. Larkan,</li> +<li>Mr. Geo. Hamilton, Surgeon,</li> +<li>Mr. Reynolds, Master's Mate,</li> +<li>Mr. Matson, Midshipman,<ul class="plain"> +<li> Two Prisoners,</li> +<li> Eighteen Privates.</li></ul></li></ul> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148"></a>[<a href="./images/148.png">148</a>]</span></p> +<p> </p> +<p>In the Launch:</p> + +<ul class="plain"><li>Lieut. Corner,</li> +<li>Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser,</li> +<li>Mr. Montgomery, Carpenter,</li> +<li>Mr. Bowling, Master's Mate,</li> +<li>Mr. M'Kendrick, Midshipman,<ul class="plain"> +<li> Two Prisoners,</li> +<li> Twenty-four Privates.</li></ul></li></ul> +<p> </p> +<p>In the Blue Yaul:</p> +<ul class="plain"><li>Mr. Geo. Passmore, Master,</li> +<li>Mr. Cunningham, Boatswain,</li> +<li>Mr. James Innes, Surgeon's Mate,</li> +<li>Mr. Fenwick, Midshipman,</li> +<li>Mr. Pycroft, Midshipman,<ul class="plain"> +<li> Three Prisoners,</li> +<li> Fifteen Privates.</li></ul></li></ul> + +<p>As soon as embarked, we laid the oars upon the thwarts, +which formed a platform, by which means we stowed +two tier of men. A pair of wooden scales was made in +each boat, and a musket-ball weight of bread served to +each man. At meridian we saw a key, bounded with +large craggy rocks. As the principal part of our subsistence +was in the launch, it was necessary to keep together, +both for our defence and support. We towed each other +during the night, and at day-break cast off the tow-line.</p> + +<p>At eight in the morning, the red and blue yauls were +sent ahead, to sound and investigate the coast of New +South Wales, and to search for a watering-place. The +country had been described as very destitute of the article +of water; but on entering a very fine bay, we found most +excellent water rushing from a spring at the very edge +of the beach. Here we filled our bellies, a tea-kettle, +and two quart bottles. The pinnace and launch had +gone too far ahead to observe any signal of our success;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149"></a>[<a href="./images/149.png">149</a>]</span> +and immediately we made sail after them. The coast +has a very barren aspect; and, from the appearance of +the soil and land, looks like a country abounding with +minerals.</p> + +<p>As we passed round the bay, two canoes, with three +black men in each, put off, and paddled very hard to get +near us. They stood up in the canoes, waved, and made +many signs for us to come to them. But as they were +perfectly naked, had a very savage aspect, and having +heard an indifferent account of the natives of that country, +we judged it prudent to avoid them.</p> + +<p>In two hours we joined the pinnace and launch, who +were lying to for us. At ten at night we were alarmed with +the dreadful cry of breakers ahead. We had got amongst +a reef of rocks; and in our present state, being worn out +and fatigued, it is difficult to say how we got out of them, +as the place was fraught with danger all round; for in +standing clear of Scylla, we might fall foul of Charybdis; +the horror of which, considering our present situation, +may be better understood than expressed. After running +along, we came to an inhabited island, from which we +promised ourselves a supply of water. On our approach, +the natives flocked down to the beach in crowds. They +were jet black, and neither sex had either covering or +girdle. We made signals of distress to them for something +to drink, which they understood; and on receiving some +trifling presents of knives, and some buttons cut off our +coats, they brought us a cag of good water, which we +emptied in a minute, and then sent it back to be filled +again. They, however, would not bring it the second +time, but put it down on the beach, and made signs to +us to come on shore for it. This we declined, as we +observed the women and children running, and supplying +the men with bows and arrows. In a few minutes, they +let fly a shower of arrows amongst the thick of us. Luckily<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150"></a>[<a href="./images/150.png">150</a>]</span> +we had not a man wounded; but an arrow fell between +the Captain and Third Lieutenant, and went through +the boats thwart, and stuck in it. It was an oak-plank +inch thick. We immediately discharged a volley of +muskets at them, which put them to flight. There were, +however, none of them killed. We now abandoned all +hopes of refreshment here. This island lies contiguous +to Mountainous Island.</p> + +<p>It may be observed, that the channel throughout the +reef is better than any hitherto known. We ascertained +the latitudes with the greatest accuracy and exactness; +and should government be inclined to plant trees on those +sandy keys, particularly the outermost one, it would +be a good distinguishing mark; and many difficulties +which Capt. Cook experienced to the southward would +also be avoided. The cocoa-nut tree, on account of its +hardy nature, and the Norfolk and common pines, might +be preferred, from their height rendering the place more conspicuous. +The tides or currents are strong and irregular +here, as may be expected, from the extending reefs, +shoals, and keys, and its vicinity to Endeavour Straits.</p> + +<p>We steered from these hostile savages to other islands +in sight, and sent some armed men on shore, with orders +to keep pretty near us, and to run close along shore in +the boats. But they returned without success. This +island we called Plumb Island, from its bearing an +austere, astringent kind of fruit, resembling plumbs, but +not fit to eat.</p> + +<p>In the evening, we steered for those islands which we +supposed were called the Prince of Wales's Islands; and +about two o'clock in the morning, came to an anchor +with a grappling, along side of an island, which we called +Laforey's Island. As the night was very dark, and this +was the last land that could afford us relief, all hands +went to sleep, to refresh our woe-worn spirits.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151"></a>[<a href="./images/151.png">151</a>]</span> +The morning was ushered in with the howling of wolves, +who had smelt us in the night, when prowling for food. +Lieut. Corner and a party were sent at day-light, to +search again for water; and, as we approached, the wild +beasts retired, and filled the woods with their hideous +growling. As soon as we landed, we discovered a foot-path +which led down into a hollow, where we were led +to suspect that water might be found; and on digging +four or five feet, we had the ecstatic pleasure to see a spring +rush out. A glad messenger was immediately dispatched +to the beach, to make a signal to the boats of our success. +On traversing the shore, we discovered a morai, or rather +a heap of bones. There were amongst them two human +skulls, the bones of some large animals, and some turtle-bones. +They were heaped together in the form of a grave, +and a very long paddle, supported at each end by a bifurcated +branch of a tree, was laid horizontally alongst it.</p> + +<p>Near to this, there were marks of a fire having been +recently made. The ground about was much footed and +wore; whence it may be presumed feasts or sacrifices +had been frequently held, as there were several foot-paths +which led to this spot. After having gorged our parched +bodies with water, till we were perfectly water-logged, +we began to feel the cravings of hunger; a new sensation +of misery we had hitherto been strangers to, from the +excess of thirst predominating. Some of our stragglers +were lucky enough to find a few small oysters on the shore. +A harsh, austere, astringent kind of fruit, resembling a +plumb, was found in some places. As I discovered some +to be pecked at by the birds, we permitted the men to fill +their bellies with them. There was a small berry, of a +similar taste to the plumb, which was found by some of +the party. On observing the dung of some of the larger +animals, many of them were found in it, in an undigested +state; we therefore concluded we might venture upon them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152"></a>[<a href="./images/152.png">152</a>]</span> +with safety. We carefully avoided shooting at any bird, +lest the report of the muskets should alarm the natives, +whom we had every reason to suspect were at no great +distance, from the number of foot paths that led over the +hill, and the noise we heard at intervals. Centinels +were placed to prevent stragglers of our party from +exceeding the proper bounds; and when every other thing +was filled with water, the carpenter's boots were also +filled. The water in them was first served out, on account +of leakage.</p> + +<p>There is a large sound formed here, to which we gave +the name of Sandwich's Sound, and commodious anchorage +for shipping in the bay, to which we gave the name of +Wolf's Bay, in which there is from five to seven fathom +water all round. This is extremely well situated for a +rendezvous in surveying Endeavour Straits; and were a +little colony settled here, a concatenation of Christian +settlements would enchain the world, and be useful to +any unfortunate ship of whatever nation, that might be +wrecked in these seas; or, should a rupture take place +in South America, a great vein of commerce might find +its way through this channel.</p> + +<p>Hammond's Island lies north west and by west, Parker's +Island from north and by west to north and by east, and +an island seen to the north entrance north west. We +supposed it to be an island called by Captain Bligh +Mountainous Island, laid down in latitude 10.16 South.</p> + +<p>Sandwich's Sound is formed by Hammond's, Parker's, +and a cluster of small islands on the starboard hand, at +its eastern entrance. We also called a back land behind +Hammond's Island, and the other islands to the southward +of it, Cornwallis's Land. The uppermost part of the +mountain was separated from the main by a large gap. +Under the gap, low land was seen; but whether that was +a continuation of the main or not, we could not determine.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153"></a>[<a href="./images/153.png">153</a>]</span> +Near the centre of the sound is a small dark-coloured, +rocky island.</p> + +<p>This afternoon, at three o'clock, being the 2d of September, +our little squadron sailed again, and in the evening +saw a high peaked island lying north west, which we called +Hawkesbury's Island. The passage through the north +entrance is about two miles wide. After passing through +it, saw a reef. As we approached it, we shallowed our +water to three fathom; but on hauling up more to the +south west, we deepened it again to six fathom. Saw +several very large turtle, but could not catch any of them. +After clearing the reef, stood to the westward. Mountainous +Island bore N. half E.; Capt. Bligh's west island, +which appears in Three Hummocks, N.N.W.; a rock +N.W. at the S.W. extreme of the main land, S. and by E.; +and the northernmost cape of New South Wales, S.S.E.; +and to the extreme of the land in sight, the eastward E. +half N. a small distance from the nearest of the Prince +of Wales's Islands, we discovered another island, and +which we called Christian's Island. Saw Two Hummock +between Hawkesbury's Island and Mountainous Island; +but could not be certain whether it was one or two islands.</p> + +<p>We now entered the great Indian ocean, and had a +voyage of a thousand miles to undertake in our open +boats. As soon as we cleared the land, we found a very +heavy swell running, which threatened destruction to +our little fleet; for should we have separated, we must +inevitably perish for want of water, as we had not <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'untensils'">utensils</ins> +to divide our slender stock. For our mutual preservation, +we took each other in tow again; but the sea was so +rough, and the swell running so high, we towed very hard, +and broke a new tow-line. This put us in the utmost confusion, +being afraid of dashing to pieces upon each other, +as it was a very dark night. We again made fast to each +other; but the tow-line breaking a second time, we were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154"></a>[<a href="./images/154.png">154</a>]</span> +obliged to trust ourselves to the mercy of the waves. At +five in the morning, the pinnace lay to, as the other boats +had passed her under a dark cloud; but on the signal +being made for the boats to join, we again met at day-light. +At meridian, we passed some remarkable black +and yellow striped sea snakes. On the afternoon of the +4th of September, gave out the exact latitude of our +rendezvous in writing; also the longitude by the time-keeper +at this present time, in case of unavoidable +separation.</p> + +<p>On the night between the 5th and 6th, the sea running +very cross and high, the tow-line broke several times; +the boats strained, and made much water; and we were +obliged to leave off towing the rest of the voyage, or it +would have dragged the boats asunder. On the 7th, the +Captain's boat caught a booby. They sucked his blood, +and divided him into twenty-four shares.</p> + +<p>The men who were employed steering the boats, were +often subject to a <i>coup de soleil</i>, as every one else were +continually wetting their shirts overboard, and putting +it upon their head, which alleviated the scorching heat +of the sun, to which we were entirely exposed, most of us +having lost our hats while swimming at the time the ship +was wrecked. It may be observed, that this method of +wetting our bodies with salt water is not advisable, if +the misery is protracted beyond three or four days, as, +after that time, the great absorption from the skin that +takes place from the increased heat and fever, makes +the fluids become tainted with the bittern of the salt +water; so much so, that the saliva became intolerable in +the mouth. It may likewise be worthy of remark, that +those who drank their own urine died in the sequel of the +voyage.</p> + +<p>We now neglected weighing our slender allowance of +bread, our mouths becoming so parched, that few<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155"></a>[<a href="./images/155.png">155</a>]</span> +attempted to eat; and what was not claimed was thrown +into the general stock. We found old people suffer much +more than those that were young. A particular instance +of that we observed in one young boy, a midshipman, +who sold his allowance of water two days for one allowance +of bread. As their sufferings continued, they +became very cross and savage in their temper. In the +Captain's boat, one of the prisoners took to praying, and +they gathered round him with much attention and seeming +devotion. But the Captain suspecting the purity of his +doctrines, and unwilling he should make a monopoly +of the business, gave prayers himself. On the 9th, we +passed a great many of the Nautilus fish, the shell of which +served us to put our glass of water into; by which means +we had more time granted to dip our finger in it, and wet +our mouths by slow degrees. There were several flocks +of birds seen flying in a direction for the land.</p> + +<p>On the 13th, in the morning, we saw the land, and the +discoverer was immediately rewarded with a glass of water; +but, as if our cup of misery was not completely full, it +fell a dead calm. The boats now all separated, every +one pushing to make the land. Next day we got pretty +near it; but there was a prodigious surf running. Two +of our men slung a bottle about their necks, jumped overboard, +and swam through the surf. They traversed over +a good many miles, till a creek intercepted them; when +they came down to the beach, and made signs to us of +their not having succeeded. We then brought the boat +as near the surf as we durst venture, and picked them up. +In running along the coast, about twelve o'clock, we had +the pleasure to see the red yaul get into a creek. She had +hoisted an English jack at her mast-head, that we might +observe her in running down the coast. There was a +prodigious surf, and many dangerous shoals, between us +and the mouth of the creek; we, however, began to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156"></a>[<a href="./images/156.png">156</a>]</span> +share the remains of our water, and about half a bottle +came to each man's share, which we dispatched in an +instant.</p> + +<p>We now gained fresh spirits, and hazarded every thing +in gaining our so much wished for haven. It is but justice +here to acknowledge how much we were indebted to the +intrepidity, courage, and seaman-like behaviour of Mr. +Reynolds the master's mate, who fairly beat her over all +the reefs, and brought us safe on shore. The crew of +the blue yaul, who had been two or three hours landed, +assisted in landing our party. A fine spring of water +near to the creek afforded us immediate relief. As soon +as we had filled our belly, a guard was placed over the +prisoners, and we went to sleep for a few hours on the +grass.</p> + +<p>In the afternoon, a Chinese chief came down the creek +in a canoe, attended by some of the natives, to wait upon +us. He was a venerable looking old man; we endeavoured +to walk down to the water-side, to receive him, and acquaint +him with the nature of our distress.</p> + +<p>We addressed him in French and in English, neither +of which he understood; but misery was so strongly +depicted in our countenances, that language was superfluous. +The tears trickling down his venerable cheeks +convinced us he saw and felt our misfortunes; and +silence was eloquence on the subject.</p> + +<p>He made us understand by signs, that without fee or +reward we should be supplied with horses, and conducted +to Coupang, a Dutch East-India settlement, about +seventy miles distant, the place of our rendezvous. This +we politely declined, as the nature of our duty in the +charge of the prisoners would not admit of it. We took +leave of him for the present, after receiving promises of +refreshment.</p> + +<p>Soon after, crowds of the natives came down with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157"></a>[<a href="./images/157.png">157</a>]</span> +fowls, pigs, milk, and bread. Mr. Innes, the surgeon's +mate, happened luckily to have some silver in his pocket, +to which they applied the touchstone, but would not give +us any thing for guineas. However, anchor-buttons +answered the purpose, as they gave us provision for +a few buttons, which they refused the same number of +guineas for; till a hungry dog, one of the carpenter's +crew, happening to pick up an officer's jacket, spoiled the +market, by giving it, buttons and all, for a pair of fowls, +which a few buttons might have purchased.</p> + +<p>All hands were busied in roasting the fowls, and boiling +the pork; in the evening we made a very hearty supper. +While we were regaling ourselves round a large fire, some +wild beast gave a roar in the bushes. Some who had been +in India before, declared it was the jackall; we therefore, +concluded the lion could not be far off. Some were +jocularly observing what a glorious supper the lord of +the forest would make of us; but others were rather +troubled with the dismaloes. This gave a gloomy turn to +the conversation; and our minds having been previously +much engaged with savages and wild beasts, and our +bodies worn out through famine and watching, I believe +the contagious effects of fear became pretty general. +From Bligh's narrative, and others, we had been warned +of the danger of landing in any other part of the island +of Timor but Coupang, the Dutch settlement, as they +were represented hostile and savage.</p> + +<p>It is customary with those people, as we afterwards +learnt, to do their hard work, such as beating out their +rice at night, to avoid the scorching heat of the sun; +and the whole village, which was about two miles off, +joined in the general song, which every where chears +and accompanies labour. As they had made us great +offers for some cartridges of powder, which our duty +could not suffer us to part with, we immediately in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158"></a>[<a href="./images/158.png">158</a>]</span>terpreted +this song into the war-hoop, and concluded, +that they were going to take by force what they could +not gain by entreaty. Nature, however, at last worn +out, inclined to rest. The First Lieutenant and Master +went on board of the boats, which were at anchor in the +middle of the river, for the better security of the prisoners; +and, ranging ourselves round, with our feet to the fire, went +to sleep.</p> + +<p>At dawn of day, the master gave the huntsman's hollow, +which some, from being suddenly awaked, thought they +were attacked by the Indians. We were all panic struck, +and could not get thoroughly awaked, being so exhausted, +and overpowered with sleep. Most of us were scrambling +upon all fours down to the river, and crying for Christ's +sake to have mercy upon them, till those who were foremost +in the scramble, in crawling into the creek, got +recovered from their plight by their hands being immersed +in water; yet those who were foremost in running away, +were not last in upbraiding the rest with cowardice, +notwithstanding there were pretty evident marks upon +some of them, of the cold water having produced its +usual effects of micturition.</p> + +<p>Next day we went up the creek, in one of the boats, +about four miles, to one of their towns, with an intention +of purchasing provisions for our sea-store. As we entered +the town, the king was riding out, attended by twenty +carabineers or body-guards, well mounted, and respectably +armed. He passed us with all the <i>sang froid</i> imaginable, +scarce deigning to glance at us.</p> + +<p>In purchasing a pig, the man finding a good price for +it, offered to traffic with us for the charms of his daughter, +a very pretty young girl. But none of us seemed inclined +that way, as there were many good things we stood much +more in need of.</p> + +<p>At one o'clock, being high water, we embarked again<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159"></a>[<a href="./images/159.png">159</a>]</span> +in our boats for Coupang. We sailed along the coast +all day till it was dark; and, fearful lest we should over-shoot +our port in the night, put into a bay. After laying +some time, we observed a light; and after hallooing +and making a noise, the natives came down with torches +in their hands, waded up alongside of us, and offered +their assistance, which we accepted of, in lighting fires, +and dressing the victuals we had brought with us, that no +time might be lost in landing or cooking the next day.</p> + +<p>At day break, we again proceeded on our voyage, and +at five in the afternoon we landed at Coupang. The +Governor, Mynheer Vanion, received us with the utmost +politeness, kindness, and hospitality. The Lieutenant-Governor, +Mynheer Fry, was likewise extremely kind <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'and and'">and</ins> +attentive, in rendering every assistance possible, and +in giving the necessary orders for our support and relief +in our present distressed state.</p> + +<p>Next morning being Sunday, as we supposed, the 17th +of September, we were preparing for Church, to return +thanks to Almighty God, for his divine interposition in +our miraculous preservation; but were disappointed in +our pious intentions; for we found it was Monday, the +18th, having lost a day by performing a circuit of the globe +to the westward.</p> +<p> </p> + + +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160"></a>[<a href="./images/160.png">160</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAP_V" id="CHAP_V"></a>CHAP. V.</h2> + +<h3>OCCURRENCES AT COUPANG; VOYAGE TO BATAVIA, &c.; +ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND.</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">This</span> is the Montpelier of the East to the Dutch and +Portuguese settlements in India; and, from the salubrity +of its air, is the favourite resort of valetudinarians and +invalids from Batavia and other places. This island is +fertile, variegated with hill and dale, and equally beautiful +as diversified with Rotti, and its appendant isles. It is as +large as the island of Great Britain. Its principal trade +is wax, honey, and sandlewood; but the whole of its +revenues do not defray the expence of the settlement +to the Company; but from the locality of its situation, +it is convenient for their other islands. They had the +monopoly of the sandlewood trade, which is used in all +temples, mosques, and places of worship in the East, +every Chinese having a sprig of it burning day and night +near their household-gods.</p> + +<p>The exclusive trade of sandlewood was valuable and +convenient to the Dutch; but, from the vast extent of +territory lately acquired in India, we have plenty of that +commodity without going to the Dutch market. Close +to the Dutch town is a Chinese town and temple. They +have a governor of their own nation, but pay large +tribute to the Dutch. Notwithstanding their trade is +under very severe restrictions, they soon make rich;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161"></a>[<a href="./images/161.png">161</a>]</span> +and, as soon as they become independent, return to their +own country. For European and India goods the natives +barter their produce, and sell their prisoners of war, +who are carried to Batavia as slaves, and the natives +of Java sent from Batavia to this place in return. As +they hold their tenure more from policy than strength, +it would be impolitic to irritate them, by exposing their +countrymen, subjugated to the lash of slavery and +oppression.</p> + +<p>An instance of this soul-couping business fell under +our inspection while here. One of the petty princes, in +settling his account with a merchant of this place, +was some dollars short of cash. He just stepped to the +door, and casting his eye on an elderly man who was near +him, he laid hold of him; and, with the assistance of some +of his myrmidons, gave him up as a slave, and so settled +his account. We felt more interested in the fate of this +poor wretch, on account of his having been a prince +himself, but never before saw the face of his oppressor. +He went passenger in the ship with us to Batavia.</p> + +<p>It was a pleasing and flattering sight to an Englishman, +at this remotest corner of the globe, to see that Wedgewood's +stoneware, and Birmingham goods, had found their +way into the shops of Coupang.</p> + +<p>During our five weeks stay here, the Governor, +Mynheer Vanion, by every act of politeness and attention +endeavoured to make us spend our time agreeably. We +were sumptuously regaled at his table every day, and the +evening was spent with cards and concerts. I could +dwell with pleasure for an age in praise of this honest +Dutchman; it is the tribute of a grateful heart, and his +due. This is the third time he has had an opportunity +of extending his hospitality to shipwrecked Englishmen.</p> + +<p>About a fortnight before we arrived, a boat, with eight +men, a woman, and two children, came on shore here, who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162"></a>[<a href="./images/162.png">162</a>]</span> +told him they were the supercargo, part of the crew, and +passengers of an English brig, wrecked in these seas. His +house, which has ever been the asylum of the distressed, +was open for their reception. They drew bills on the +British government, and were supplied with every +necessary they stood in need of.</p> + +<p>The captain of a Dutch East Indiaman, who spoke +English, hearing of the arrival of Capt. Edwards, and +our unfortunate boat, run to them with the glad tidings +of their Captain having arrived; but one of them, +starting up in surprise, said, "What Captain! dam'me, +we have no Captain;" for they had reported, that the +Captain and remainder of the crew had separated from +them at sea in another boat. This immediately led to a +suspicion of their being impostors; and they were ordered +to be apprehended, and put into the castle. One of the +men, and the woman, fled into the woods; but were +soon taken. They confessed they were English convicts, +and that they had made their escape from Botany Bay. +They had been supplied with a quadrant, a compass, a +chart, and some small arms and ammunition, from a +Dutch ship that lay there; and the expedition was conducted +by the Governor's fisherman, whose time of +transportation was expired. He was a good seaman, +and a tolerable navigator. They dragged along the coast +of New South Wales; and as often as the hostile nature +of the savage natives would permit, hauled their boat up +at night, and slept on shore. They met with several +curious and interesting anecdotes in this voyage. In +many places of the coast of South Wales, they found very +good coal; a circumstance that was not before known. +Our men were now beginning to regain their strength; +and Captain Dadleberg of the Rembang Indiaman was +making every possible dispatch with his ship to carry us +to Batavia.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163"></a>[<a href="./images/163.png">163</a>]</span> +During this time, the interment of Balthazar, King of +Coupang, was performed with much funeral pomp. The +Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and all the Europeans +were invited. Six months had been spent in preparations +for this fête, at which an emperor and twenty-five kings +assisted and attended in person with all their body-guards, +standards, and standard-bearers, were present. +When the corpse was deposited in the sepulchre, the +Company's troops fired three vollies, and victuals and +drink were immediately served to four thousand people.</p> + +<p>The Dutch and English officers were invited to a very +sumptuous dinner, at a table provided for the emperor +and all the kings. The first toast after dinner was the +dead king's health. Next they drank Mynheer Company's +health, which was accompanied with a volley of +small arms and paterreros. The singularity of Mynheer +Company's health, led us to request an explanation; +when we were informed, they found it necessary to make +them believe that Mynheer Company was a great and +powerful king, lest they should not be inclined to pay +that submission to a company of merchants.</p> + +<p>The inaugural ceremony at the installation of the young +king, was performed by his drinking a bumper of brandy +and gunpowder, stirred round with the point of a sword. +After being invested with the regal dignity, he came down +in state, to pay his respects to the governor. As he was +preceded by music, and colours flying, every one turned +out to see him. Amongst the rest was a captive king in +chains, who was employed blowing the bellows to our +armourer, whilst he was forging bolts and fetters for our +prisoners and convicts. Here the sunshine of prosperity, +and the mutability of human greatness, were excellently +pourtrayed.</p> + +<p>By a policy in the Dutch, in supplying the petty princes +with ammunition and warlike stores, feuds and dissentions<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164"></a>[<a href="./images/164.png">164</a>]</span> +are kindled amongst them; and they are kept so completely +engaged in civil war, that they have no time to +observe the encroachments of strangers. That domestic +strife serves likewise amply to supply the slave trade from +the prisoners of both parties. They, however, some +time since, made head against the common enemy, and +forced the Dutch to retire within their trenches.</p> + +<p>It is the custom, in this climate, to bathe morning and +evening. A fine river, which runs in the centre of the +town, is conveniently situated for that purpose; and we +availed ourselves of it when our strength would permit. +Nature has been profusely lavish, in producing, in the +neighbourhood of this place, all the varied powers of +landscape that the most luxuriant fancy can suggest. +But, while enjoying the picturesque beauties of the scene, +or sheltering in the translucent stream from the fervour +of meridian heat, you are suddenly chilled with fear, +from the terrific aspect of the alligator, or crested snake, +and a number of venomous reptiles, with which this +country abounds. There is one in particular called the +cowk cowk; it is the most disgusting looking animal that +creeps the ground, and its bite is mortal. It is about a +foot and a half long, and seems a production between the +toad and lizard. At stated periods it makes a noise +exactly like a cuckoo clock. Even the natives fly from it +with the utmost horror. The alligators are daring and +numerous. There are instances of their devouring men +and children when bathing in the shallow part of the river +above the town.</p> + +<p>The Governor, Mynheer Vanion, relates a circumstance +that happened to him while hunting. In crossing a shallow +part of the river, his black boy was snapped up by an +alligator; but the Governor immediately dismounted, +rescued the boy out of his mouth, and slew him.</p> + +<p>The natives of Timor are subject to a cutaneous disease<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165"></a>[<a href="./images/165.png">165</a>]</span> +during their infancy, something similar to the small pox, +but of longer duration. It seldom terminates fatally, +and only seizes them once in their lives.<a name="FNanchor_165-1" id="FNanchor_165-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_165-1" class="fnanchor">[165-1]</a></p> + +<p>On the 6th of October, we embarked on board the +Rembang Dutch Indiaman, taking with us the prisoners +and convicts. Our crew became very sickly in passing the +Straits of Alice [Allas]. We had frequent calms and sultry +weather until the 12th. In passing the island of Flores, a +most tremendous storm arose. In a few minutes every +sail of the ship was shivered to pieces; the pumps all +choaked, and useless; the leak gaining fast upon us; +and she was driving down, with all the impetuosity +imaginable, on a savage shore, about seven miles under +our lee. This storm was attended with the most dreadful +thunder and lightning we had ever experienced. The +Dutch seamen were struck with horror, and went below; +and the ship was preserved from destruction by the manly +exertion of our English tars, whose souls seemed to catch +redoubled ardour from the tempest's rage. Indeed it is +only in these trying moments of distress, when the abyss +of destruction is yawning to receive them, that the +transcendent worth of a British seaman is most conspicuous. +Nor would I wish, from what I have observed +above, to throw any stigma on the Dutch, who I believe +would fight the devil, should he appear in any other shape +to them but that of thunder and lightning.</p> + +<p>It may be remarked, that the Straits of Alice are not +so dangerous as those of Sapy [Sapi], and are for many +reasons preferable; but it is so intricate a navigation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166"></a>[<a href="./images/166.png">166</a>]</span> +that a Dutchman bound from Timor to Batavia, after +beating about for twelve months, found himself exactly +where he first started from.</p> + +<p>On the 21st, we got through Alice, and saw three prow-vessels, +who are a very daring set of pirates that infest +those seas. On the 22nd, saw the islands of Kangajunk +and Ulk, and run through the channel that is between +them. Next day we saw the island of Madura.</p> + +<p>On the 26th, saw the island of Java; and on the 30th, +anchored at Samarang.</p> + +<p>Immediately on our coming to anchor, we were agreeably +surprised to find our tender here which we had so +long given up for lost. Never was social affection more +eminently pourtrayed than in the meeting of these poor +fellows; and from excess of joy, and a recital of their +mutual sufferings, from pestilence, famine, and shipwreck, +a flood of tears filled every man's breast.</p> + +<p>They informed us, the night they parted company +with us, the savages attacked them in a regular and powerful +body in their canoes; and their never having seen a +European ship before, nor being able to conceive any idea +of fire-arms, made the conflict last longer than it otherwise +would; for, seeing no missive weapon made use of, when +their companions were killed, they did not suspect any +thing to be the matter with them, as they tumbled into +the water. Our seven-barrelled pieces made great havoc +amongst them. One fellow had agility enough to spring +over their boarding-netting, and was levelling a blow with +his war-club at Mr. Oliver, the commanding-officer, who +had the good fortune to shoot him.</p> + +<p>On not finding the ship next day, they gave up all +further hopes of her, and steered for Anamooka, the +rendezvous Captain Edwards had appointed. Their distress +for want of water, if possible, surpassed that of our +own, and had so strong an effect on one of the young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167"></a>[<a href="./images/167.png">167</a>]</span> +gentlemen, that the day following he became delirious, +and continued so for some months after it.</p> + +<p>They at last made the island of Tofoa, near to Anamooka, +which they mistook for it. After trading with +the natives for provisions and water, they made an attempt +to take the vessel from them, which they always will to a +small vessel, when alone; but they were soon overpowered +with the fire arms. They were, however, obliged to be +much on their guard afterwards, at those islands which +were inhabited.</p> + +<p>After much diversity of distress, and similar encounters, +they at last made the reef that runs between New Guinea +and New Holland, where the <i>Pandora</i> met her unhappy +fate; and after traversing from shore to shore, without +finding an opening, this intrepid young seaman boldly +gave it the stem, and beat over the reef. The alternative +was dreadful, as famine presented them on the one hand, +and shipwreck on the other. Soon after they had passed +Endeavour Straits, they fell in with a small Dutch vessel, +who shewed them every tenderness that the nature of +their distress required.</p> + +<p>They were soon landed at a small Dutch settlement; +but the governor having a description of the <i>Bounty's</i> +pirates from our court, and their vessel being built of +foreign timber, served to confirm them in their suspicions; +and as no officer in the British navy bears a commission +or warrant under the rank of lieutenant, where, by seal of +office, their person or quality may be identified, they had +only their bare <i>ipse dixit</i> to depend on. They, however, +behaved to them with great precaution and humanity. +Although they kept a strict guard over them, nothing +was withheld to render their situation agreeable; and +they were sent, under a proper escort, to this place.</p> + +<p>This settlement is reckoned next to Batavia, and is so +lucrative, that the governor is changed every five years.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168"></a>[<a href="./images/168.png">168</a>]</span> +The present governor's name is Overstraaten, a gentleman +of splendid taste and unbounded hospitality, who lives +in a princely style; and to the <i>otium dignitate</i> of Asiatic +luxury, has the happiness to join an honest hearty Dutch +welcome.</p> + +<p>A regiment of the Duke of Wirtemburg is doing duty +here, amongst whom were several men of rank and +fashion, who shewed us much civility and politeness.</p> + +<p>The town is regular and beautiful, and the houses are +built in a style of architecture, which has given loose to +the most sportive fancy. Each street is terminated +with some public building, such as a great marine school, +for the education of young officers and seamen; an +hospital for decayed officers in the Company's service; +churches; the Governor's palace, &c. &c. Here the +<i>utile dulce</i> has not been neglected, and those objects of +national importance are placed in a proper point of view, +as the just pride and ornament of a great commercial +people.</p> + +<p>Such is the effect of early prejudices, that, under the +muzle of the sun, a Dutchman cannot exist without +snuffing the putrid exhalations from stagnant water, to +which they have been accustomed from their infancy. +They are intersecting it so fast with canals, that in a year +or two this beautiful town will be completely dammed.</p> + +<p>In a few days, we arrived at Batavia, the emporeum +of the Dutch in the East; and our first care was employed +in sending to the hospital the sickly remains of our unfortunate +crew. Some dead bodies floating down the +canal struck our boat, which had a very disagreeable +effect on the minds of our brave fellows, whose nerves +were reduced to a very weak state from sickness. This +was a <i>coup de grace</i> to a sick man on his <i>premier entree</i> into +this painted sepulchre, this golgotha of Europe, which +buries the whole settlement every five years.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169"></a>[<a href="./images/169.png">169</a>]</span> +It is not the climate I am inveighing against; it is the +Gothic, diabolical ideas of the people I indite.</p> + +<p>Were they only Dutchmen who supplied the ravenous +maw of death, it would be impertinence in me to make any +comment on it; but when the whole globe lends its aid +to supply this destructive settlement, and its baneful +effects arising more from the letch a Dutchman has for +stagnant mud than from climate, I hope the indulgent +reader will pardon my spleen, when I tell them professionally +that all the mortality of that place originates +from marsh effluvia, arising from their stagnant canals +and pleasure-grounds.</p> + +<p>The Chinese are here the Jews of the East, and as soon +as they make their fortune, they go home. Let the +amateurs of the Republican system read and learn. Be +not surprised when it is observed, that these little great +men, those vile hawkers of spice and nutmegs, exact a +submission that the most absolute and tyrannical monarch +who ever swayed a sceptre would be ashamed of. The +compass of my work will not allow me to be particular; +but I must instance one among many others. When an +edilleer, or one of the supreme council, meets a carriage, +the gentleman who meets him must alight, and make +him a perfect bow in spirit; not one of Bunburry's long +bows, but that bow which carries humility and submission +in it, that sort of bow which every vertebræ in +an English back is anchylosed against.</p> + +<p>In our passage from this to the Cape, before we left +Java, one of the convicts had jumped over board in the +night, and swam to the Dutch arsenal at Honroost. In +passing Bantan, we viewed the relics of Lord Cathcart. +We met nothing particular in passing the island of Sumatra, +but experienced great death and sickness in going through +the Straits of Sunda; and after a tedious passage, arrived +at the Cape of Good Hope.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170"></a>[<a href="./images/170.png">170</a>]</span> +Here we met with many civilities from Colonel Gordon; +a gentleman no less eminent for his private virtues than +his extraordinary military and literary accomplishments. +From his labours, all the host of voyagers and historians +of that part of the globe have been purloining; but it is to +be hoped the world will, at some future period, be favoured +with his works unmutilated.</p> + +<p>The town is gay, and from length of habit, the inhabitants +partake much of the manners of Bath; and, +for a short season, behave with the utmost attention and +tenderness. Their dress and customs are more characteristic +of the English than Dutch. An uncommon rage for +building has lately prevailed; and although they cannot +boast of that chastity of style in which Samarang is built +it is gaudy, and calculated to please the generality of +observers.</p> + +<p>Allow me to mention the singular manner in which the +monkeys make depredations on the gardens here. They +place a proper piquet, or advanced guard, as sentinels, +when a party is drawn up in a line, who hand the fruit from +one to another; and when the alarm is given by the +piquet-guard, they all take flight, making sure that by +that time the booty is conveyed to a considerable distance. +But should the piquet be negligent in their duty, and +suffer the main body to be surprised, the delinquents +are severely punished.</p> + +<p>The same ill-fated rage for canalling-murder prevails +here. They have even contrived to carry canals to the +top of a mountain. The boors, or country-farmers, are a +species of the human race, so gigantic and superior to the +rest of mankind, in point of size and constitution, that +they may be called nondescripts.</p> + +<p>Their hospital, as to scite, surpasses any in the world. +It may be observed, however, that the architect, by the +smallness of the windows, which only serve to exclude<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171"></a>[<a href="./images/171.png">171</a>]</span> +the light and air, seems to have studied, with much +ingenuity, to render it a cadaverous stinking prison.</p> + +<p>After being refreshed at the Cape, we passed St. Helena, +the island of Ascension, and arrived at Holland; and had +the happiness, through the interposition of divine Providence, +to be again landed on our native shore.</p> + +<p>The Latitudes and Longitudes of the different places +touched at or discovered by his Majesty's ship <i>Pandora</i>, +taken with the greatest accuracy from the centre of the +islands.</p> + +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="The Latitudes and Longitudes of the different places touched at or discovered by his Majesty's ship Pandora"> +<tr><th align='center' colspan='2'>Names of Places.</th><th align='center' colspan='4'>Latitudes.</th><th align='center' colspan='4'>Longitudes.</th></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Gomera,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Canary, N.E. point,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Teneriffe, Santa Cruz,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Palma,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>St. Antonio, Cape de Verd Islands, crossing the Line,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Rio Janeiro,</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Patagonia, Straits of Magellan,</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Cape Julian, Staten Island,</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Cape Horn,</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Diego Ramarez,</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Easter Island,</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ducie's Island,</td><td align='right'>24</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Lord Hood's Island,</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>135</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Carysfort Island,</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Maitea,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Otaheite, Matavy Bay,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>149</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Huaheine, Owharre Bay,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ulitea and Otaha,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Bolobola,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Mauruah,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Whytutakee,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>159</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Palmerston's Isles,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Duke of York's Island,</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Duke of Clarence's Island,</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Chatham's Island,</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ohatooah,</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Anamooka,</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172"></a>[<a href="./images/172.png">172</a>]</span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Toomanuah,</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Otutuelah,</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Howe's Island,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Bickerton's Island,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Gardner's Island,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Pylestaart,</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Eoah or Middleburgh,</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Tongataboo,</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Proby's Island,</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Wallis's Island,</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Grenville Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>12</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>29</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'> </td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Pandora's Reef,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>12</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'> </td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>188</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Mitre Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>49</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'> </td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Cherry Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>37</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>30</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Pitt's Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>50</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>30</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Wells's Shoal,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>12</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>20</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'> </td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cape Rodney,</td><td align='left' rowspan='3'>Point of New Guinea</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>10</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>3</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>32</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>M. Clarence in shore,</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Cape Hood,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>9</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>58</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>6</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Murray's Isles,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>9</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>57</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'> </td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Wreck Reef,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>22</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'> </td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>\ W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'>/ E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Batavia,</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Straits of Sunda,</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Cape of Good Hope,</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>St. Helena,</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ascension Island,</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>W</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p> </p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_165-1" id="Footnote_165-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165-1"><span class="label">[165-1]</span></a> This seems to be the earliest description of Yaws (<i>Frambœsia</i>) in +these islands. Originating in Africa this contagious disease is believed +to have been disseminated by the slave trade. The Dutch or Portuguese +traders carried it from Madagascar and East Africa to Ceylon, +where it still bears the name of <i>Parangi Lede</i>, or Foreigners' Evil. +Though Hamilton did not observe it in the South Sea Islands the +disease was probably there, for Mariner, who was in Tonga in 1810, +described it as a well-established disease under the name of <i>Tona</i>.</p></div> +</div> +<h3>FINIS.</h3> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173"></a>[<a href="./images/173.png">173</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2> + + +<p>A.</p> + + +<ul><li>Aitutaki Island,<ul> +<li> visit to, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Footnote_40-2">40 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> +<li> Bligh supposed to be there, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Ale brewed at Namuka, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> +<li>Anti-scorbutics, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>Apia, <a href="#Footnote_50-1">50 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li><i>Astrolabe</i>,<ul> +<li> Pérouse's ship, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> +<li> relics of, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Australia, Northern,<ul> +<li> sighted, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;</li> +<li> landing on, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li></ul></li> +</ul> + +<p>B.</p> + + +<ul><li>Banks, Sir Joseph, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> +<li>Baring, carries letters to England, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> +<li>Bark cloth, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> +<li>Batavia, arrival at, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> +<li>Beads found in Samoa, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> +<li>Becke, Louis,<ul> +<li> <i>The Mutineers</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li> +<li> <i>First Fleet Family</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Bentham, Mr., Purser, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>Blacks attack boats, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> +<li><i>Blenheim</i>, wreck of, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> +<li>Bligh, Captain, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;<ul> +<li> his character, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li> +<li> boat voyage of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li> +<li> public sympathy with, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> +<li> supposed to be in Aitutaki, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Boat lost at Palmerston Island, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> +<li>Boat voyage<ul> +<li> of Bligh, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li> +<li> of Pereira, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> +<li> of Edwards, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Bolabola visited, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> +<li>Bougainville,<ul> +<li> warning, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li> +<li> discovery of Samoa, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li></ul></li> +<li><i>Bounty</i>,<ul> +<li> fitting out, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li> +<li> mutiny of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li> +<li> driver yard found, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> +<li> anchor found, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li></ul></li> +<li><i>Boussole</i>,<ul> +<li> Pérouse's ship, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> +<li> relics of, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Bread fruit,<ul> +<li> plan to acclimatize, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li> +<li> its uses, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Brewing ale at Namuka, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> +<li>Broad, Mary, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> +<li>Brown, John, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;<ul> +<li> his character, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> +<li> identifies mutineers, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Bryant, William, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> +<li>Bull taken by Mutineers, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> +<li>Burkitt,<ul> +<li> trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> +<li> executed, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Burn, Michael, acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> +<li>Butcher, Convict, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> +<li>Byron, <i>The Island</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> +<li>Byron, Captain, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>C.</p> + + +<ul><li>Canoes,<ul> +<li> war, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>;</li> +<li> sailing, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Capetown, description of, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> +<li>Carteret visits Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Carysfort Island, discovered, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> +<li>Cattle, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> +<li>Cherry's Island, sighted, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> +<li>Christian, Fletcher, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>;<ul> +<li> his plan of forming settlement, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Churchill, murder of, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> +<li>Cloudy Bay, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Coal found in Australia, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>Cockle, gigantic, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> +<li>Cocoa, as anti-scorbutic, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>Coleman, Joseph,<ul> +<li> surrenders, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>;</li> +<li> works pump, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a>;</li> +<li> acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Consumption, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> +<li>Convict jumps overboard, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> +<li>Convicts,<ul> +<li> escaped, at Timor, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>;</li> +<li> list of, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>;</li> +<li> find coal in Australia, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Cook, portrait of, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> +<li>Coral Islands, how formed, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> +<li>Corner, Lieut.,<ul> +<li> character of, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li> +<li> blames Edwards, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>;</li> +<li> pursues mutineers, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> +<li> examines sand key, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> +<li> voyage home, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>;</li> +<li> ships plants, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li> +<li> eats <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174"></a>[<a href="./images/174.png">174</a>]</span>food from native temple, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> +<li> robbed by natives, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Coupang,<ul> +<li> arrival at, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li> +<li> funeral of king, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Court martial on mutineers, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> +<li>Cox, Captain, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> +<li>Cox, James, escaped convict, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>D.</p> + + +<ul><li>Dances at Tahiti, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> +<li>d'Entrecasteaux,<ul> +<li> voyage, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> +<li> sights Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>de Langle, massacre of, <a href="#Footnote_51-1">51 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Footnote_56-1">56 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Diet<ul> +<li> for long voyages, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li> +<li> in the <i>Pandora</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Dillon, Peter, discovers relics of La Pérouse, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Dingoes seen, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> +<li>Distilling spirits, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> +<li>Drums, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>Ducie Island, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;<ul> +<li> identical with Encarnacion, <a href="#Footnote_30-1">30 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Duke of Clarence Island, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li><i>Duke of Portland</i>, taken by natives, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> +<li>Duke of York Island, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>D'Urville explores Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li> +</ul> + +<p>E.</p> + + +<ul><li>East Bay, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Easter Island, sighted, <a href="#Footnote_30-1">30 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> +<li>Edea, Queen of Tahiti, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> +<li>Edwards, Captain,<ul> +<li> selected, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> +<li> orders to, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>;</li> +<li> character of, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>;</li> +<li> charged with inhumanity, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>;</li> +<li> touches at N. Australia, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>;</li> +<li> recklessness in sailing at night, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li> +<li> reproves mutineer for praying, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Eimeo, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li> +<li>Ellison,<ul> +<li> trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> +<li> execution, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Endeavour Straits, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> +<li>Eua visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>F.</p> + + +<ul><li>Fatafehi<ul> +<li> at Tofoa, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li> +<li> at Namuka, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Fataka, or Mitre Island, <a href="#Footnote_67-1">67 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Female infanticide, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>Fiji,<ul> +<li> visited by Kau Moala, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a>;</li> +<li> discovery of, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Finau, Chief of Vavau, <a href="#Footnote_49-1">49 <i>note</i></a>; <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Footnote_57-1">57 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Fire-arms<ul> +<li> in Tahiti, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> +<li> in Eimeo, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Flinders' Passage, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> +<li>Fruy, Mr., Lieut.-Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>Fulanga Inland, lack of water, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> +<li>Futuna Island, visited by Kau Moala, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a></li> +</ul> + +<p>G.</p> + + +<ul><li>Geese, left in Tahiti, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> +<li>Geographical position of islands, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> +<li>Gordon, Colonel, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> +<li><i>Gorgon</i>, H.M.S., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> +<li>Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>H.</p> + + +<ul><li>Haapai, visited, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> +<li>Hæva dance, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> +<li>Hamilton, Dr.,<ul> +<li> his character, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li> +<li> account of voyage, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li> +<li> on health of seamen, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Hayward, Lieut.,<ul> +<li> his character, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li> +<li> recognizes natives of Tofoa, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Footnote_54-1">54 <i>note</i></a>;</li> +<li> pursues mutineers, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> +<li> lands at Aitutaki, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li> +<li> ships plants, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li> +<li> recognized at Aitutaki, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> +<li> at Tofoa, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Health of seamen, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li><i>Hector</i>, H.M.S., <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> +<li>Hervey Islands, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> +<li>Heywood's<ul> +<li> account of "Pandora's Box," <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> +<li> trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> +<li> pardoned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Hillbrandt, Henry,<ul> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>; <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a>;</li> +<li> gives information, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> +<li> drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Hood, Cape, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Hood, Lord, Island, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> +<li><i>Hoornwey</i>, voyage home, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> +<li>Horn Island, visited, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> +<li><i>Horssen</i>, voyage of, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> +<li>Houses, Tahitian, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>Howe, Lord, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> +<li>Huahaine visited, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li> +<li>Human sacrifices, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>I.</p> + + +<ul><li>Indispensable Reef, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Infanticide, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>Innes, Mr., Surgeon's mate, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> +<li>Islands, list of, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li></ul> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175"></a>[<a href="./images/175.png">175</a>]</span></p> + + +<p>J.</p> + + +<ul><li>Java, arrival at, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>K.</p> + + +<ul><li>Kao Island, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>Kandavu Island, why not visited, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> +<li>Kau Moala, his voyage, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Kava-drinking, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>Kroutcheff, Captain, visited Mitre Island, <a href="#Footnote_67-1">67 <i>note</i></a></li> +</ul> + +<p>L.</p> + + +<ul><li>Larkin, Lieut., <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;<ul> +<li> at Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li></ul></li> +<li><i>Lila</i> sickness, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> +<li>Look-out Shoal, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Louisiades, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;<ul> +<li> named by Bougainville, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +</ul> + +<p>M.</p> + + +<ul><li><ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Macintosh'">Mackintosh</ins>,<ul> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> +<li> acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> +<li> works pumps, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Maikasa River, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Malt, as anti-scorbutic, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>Mangaia Island, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> +<li>Manua visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> +<li>Mariner, William,<ul> +<li> narrative, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> +<li> account of Norton's murder, <a href="#Footnote_54-1">54 <i>note</i></a>; <a href="#Footnote_57-1">57 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Mata-atua Harbour, <a href="#Footnote_49-1">49 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Matavai Bay, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> +<li>Matuku Island,<ul> +<li> visited by tender, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> +<li> native traditions, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Maurelle discovers Vavau, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> +<li>Maurua Island, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> +<li><i>Megapodius</i> at Niuafoou, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> +<li>Mendaña visits Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Millward,<ul> +<li> trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> +<li> executed, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Milk, dislike of, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> +<li>Mitre Island, visited, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> +<li>Moemoe ceremony, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>Morrison,<ul> +<li> character of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> +<li> trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> +<li> his journal, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> +<li> pardoned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> +<li> plan of escape, <a href="#Footnote_37-1">37 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Mourning<ul> +<li> in Tonga, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li> +<li> in Wallis Island, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Moulter, William, tries to save mutineers, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Mountainous Island, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> +<li>Murray Islands, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li> +<li>Musical Instruments, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>Muspratt,<ul> +<li> trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> +<li> executed, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Mutineers,<ul> +<li> fate of, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> +<li> retire to mountains, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>;</li> +<li> their diet, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> +<li> build schooner, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> +<li> adventures at Tubuai, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> +<li> take Tahitian women in <i>Bounty</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> +<li> neglected at Timor, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> +<li> list of, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> +<li> capture of, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> +<li> let out of irons, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li></ul></li> +</ul> + +<p>N.</p> + + +<ul><li>Namuka,<ul> +<li> a rendezvous for tender, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> +<li> visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li> +<li> native shot, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> +<li> cannon fired, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> +<li> thefts by natives, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Nanga Cult, <a href="#Footnote_128-1">128 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Neiafu Harbour, Vavau, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> +<li>New Year's Island, sighted, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> +<li>Niuafoou<ul> +<li> visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li> +<li> large cocoanuts, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> +<li> <i>Megapodius</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Norman,<ul> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> +<li> acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> +<li> works pumps, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>North-West Reef, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> +<li>Norton, his murderers recognized, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Footnote_54-1">54 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Nukunono Island, visit to, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Footnote_46-1">46 <i>note</i></a></li> +</ul> + +<p>O.</p> + + +<ul><li>Oatafu Island, <a href="#Footnote_40-1">40 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> +<li>Odiddee (Titi) native of Bolabola, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> +<li>Oliver<ul> +<li> commands tender, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> +<li> discovers Fiji, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;</li> +<li> his log lost, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> +<li> encounters Dutch vessel, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Omai, fate of, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li> +<li>Ongea Island, lack of water, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> +<li>Orangerie Bay, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Orissia, Tahitian chief, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> +<li>Otaka Island, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> +<li>Otoo, king of Tahiti, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>Overstratin, Governor of Java, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>P.</p> + + +<ul><li>Palmerston Island,<ul> +<li> list of crew lost at, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> +<li> visited, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> +<li> <i>Bounty's</i> yard found at, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li></ul></li> +<li><i>Pandora</i>,<ul> +<li> fitted out, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> +<li> her ill luck, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li> +<li> wrecked, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li> +<li> state of crew, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> +<li> disease on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176"></a>[<a href="./images/176.png">176</a>]</span> board, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> +<li> patent ventilator, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Pandora's Bank, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> +<li>Pandora's box,<ul> +<li> excuse for, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> +<li> cruelty of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> +<li> men drowned in, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Pan-pipes, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>Papara district, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> +<li>Parrots, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> +<li>Passmore, Lieut., <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;<ul> +<li> at Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>;</li> +<li> surveys harbour, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> +<li> explores wreck, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Pearl shell ornaments, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> +<li>"Peggy" Otoo, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> +<li>Pérouse, de la, of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> +<li>Pitcairn Island, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;<ul> +<li> arrival at, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> +<li> why chosen by mutineers, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Plot to take <i>Pandora</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> +<li>Point Venus, water bad, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> +<li><i>Port-au-Prince</i>, taken by natives, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> +<li>Providential Channel, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> +<li>Pylstaart Island sighted, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>R.</p> + + +<ul><li>Rarotonga, discovery of, <a href="#Footnote_40-2">41 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Reef Indispensable, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> +<li>Religion of the Tahitians, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> +<li><i>Rembang</i>, voyage of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> +<li>Renouard, Midshipman,<ul> +<li> his suffering, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> +<li> appointed to tender, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Rio di Janeiro,<ul> +<li> arrival at, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> +<li> life at, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>;</li> +<li> slaves, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>;</li> +<li> probabilities of revolution, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Rodney Cape, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Rotte Island, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> +<li>Rotuma Island<ul> +<li> discovered, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li> +<li> incidents at, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li> +<li> giants, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a>;</li> +<li> Tongan language spoken, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Round Head, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li> +</ul> + +<p>S.</p> + + +<ul><li>Samarang Island, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;<ul> +<li> description of, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Samoa,<ul> +<li> appearance of, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> +<li> return to, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Samoans<ul> +<li> attack tender, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> +<li> use turmeric, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> +<li> thefts by, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Saroa district, New Guinea, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Saurkraut, as diet, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>Savaii, sighted, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> +<li>Schouten,<ul> +<li> visits Futuna, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a>;</li> +<li> visits Niuafoou, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Scurvy, precautions against, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> +<li>Sea-snakes, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> +<li><i>Seringapatam</i>, discovers Rarotonga, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> +<li><i>Shark</i>, H.M.S., encountered, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> +<li>Sickness follows island discoveries, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> +<li>Sival, Midshipman,<ul> +<li> at Palmerston Island, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> +<li> lost, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Skinner, Richard, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>;<ul> +<li> drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Slave trade in Timor, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> +<li>South Sea Islands, their value to England, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> +<li>Spices in Samoa, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> +<li>Staten Island sighted, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> +<li>Stewart, Midshipman, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;<ul> +<li> surrenders, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> +<li> drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Stewart, "Peggy," <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> +<li>"Strangers' Cold," <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> +<li>Sugar, first issued to Navy, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>Sumner, John,<ul> +<li> arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> +<li> drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li> +</ul> + +<p>T.</p> + + +<ul><li>Tahiti, arrival at, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> +<li>Tahitians,<ul> +<li> their religion, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> +<li> weapons, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> +<li> cloth, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> +<li> women, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li> +<li> houses, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Tamarie, chief of Tahiti, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> +<li>Tattooing, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> +<li>Tea and sugar, first used in Navy, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>Temple, native, food taken from, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> +<li>Teneriffe,<ul> +<li> arrival at, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>;</li> +<li> inhabitants of, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Tender<ul> +<li> built by mutineers, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> +<li> commissioned, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> +<li> attacked by Samoans, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;</li> +<li> sale of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> +<li> joins company, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li> +<li> her adventures, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;</li> +<li> parts company, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> +<li> her after-history, <a href="#Footnote_33-1">33 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li>Theft, punishment for, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> +<li>Thompson, Matthew, killed, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> +<li>Timor Island,<ul> +<li> arrival at, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li> +<li> governor of, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>;</li> +<li> description of, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>;</li> +<li> yaws observed at, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Footnote_165-1">165 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177"></a>[<a href="./images/177.png">177</a>]</span><i>Tofoa</i>,<ul> +<li> visit of tender to, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> +<li> <i>Pandora</i> visits, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Tongans<ul> +<li> misnamed Friendly Islanders, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>;</li> +<li> remember Tasman, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li> +<li> their women, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li> +<li> mercenary character of, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li></ul></li> +<li><i>Tongatabu</i><ul> +<li> visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> +<li> seeds left, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li></ul></li> +<li>Torres Straits, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> +<li>Tree Island, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> +<li>Tubai, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> +<li>Tubuai, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> +<li>Tubou of Tonga, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>Tucopia, discovery of La Pérouse's relics, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Tukuaho, temporal king of Tonga, <a href="#Footnote_52-1">52 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Turmeric, used by Samoans, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> 129</li> +<li><i>Tutuila</i> visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>U.</p> + + +<ul><li>Ulietea Island, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> +<li>Ulukalala, Finau, letter left with, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> +<li>Union Group, visit to, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> +<li>Upolu visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>V.</p> + + +<ul><li>Vanikoro sighted, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Vanion, Mynheer, Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> +<li>Vatoa, discovered by Cook, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> +<li>Vavau visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> +<li>Victoria, Mount, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> +<li>Victualling of Navy, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>Volcanic disturbance in Vavau, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li> +<li><i>Vreedemberg</i>, voyage of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>W.</p> + + +<ul><li>Wallis Island visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Footnote_63-1">63 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Wanjon, Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>War canoes, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>Weapons of Tahitians, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> +<li>Williams, Rev. John, <a href="#Footnote_40-2">41 <i>note</i></a></li> +<li>Whales, sperm, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> +<li>Wheat, as anti-scorbutic, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>White's patent ventilator, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> +<li>Women, status of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>Wreck of <i>Pandora</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;<ul> +<li> casualties at, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a>; <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li></ul></li> +</ul> + +<p>Y.</p> + + +<ul><li>Yaws, <a href="#Footnote_165-1">165 <i>note</i></a></li> +</ul> + +<p>Z.</p> + + +<ul><li>Zimers, Surgeon-General, of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li><i>Zwan</i>, voyage home, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> +</ul> +<p> </p> +<hr /> +<p> </p> +<p class="figcenter"><a name="MAP" id="MAP"></a><a href="./images/map-voyage.jpg"><img src="./images/map-voyage_th.jpg" alt="Map of the voyage" title="Map of the voyage" /></a></p> +<p class="figcenter"><span class="smcap">Map of the Voyage</span></p> +<p> </p> +<hr /> +<h4>GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD</h4> + +<hr class="full" /> +<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's Notes</h3> + +<p>1. This text contains inconsistencies in spelling, accented characters and +hyphenated words. They have been left as printed unless otherwise marked.</p> + +<p>2. On page <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, a word, 'wastward' appears as printed as either 'eastward' +or 'westward' could be correct.</p> + +<p>3. Corrections which have been made are indicated by dotted lines under +the corrected text. +Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will <ins class="err" +title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'apprear'">appear</ins>.</p> + +<p>4. Footnote anchors are labelled with the page on which they originally +appeared. e.g. [58-3] is the 3rd footnote on page 53. Links are provided to the +page images to assist the reader.</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by +Edward Edwards and George Hamilton + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA *** + +***** This file should be named 22834-h.htm or 22834-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/8/3/22834/ + +Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at +http://www.eBookForge.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/22834-h/images/1.png b/22834-h/images/1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..62e736d --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/1.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/10.png b/22834-h/images/10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c20ad6a --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/10.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/100.png b/22834-h/images/100.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c59c407 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/100.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/101.png b/22834-h/images/101.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..08d432a --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/101.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/102.png b/22834-h/images/102.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9458471 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/102.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/103.png b/22834-h/images/103.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e54f68 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/103.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/104.png b/22834-h/images/104.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..34b3aae --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/104.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/105.png b/22834-h/images/105.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1388f46 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/105.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/106.png b/22834-h/images/106.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..57ebec0 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/106.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/107.png b/22834-h/images/107.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9dfa8c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/107.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/108.png b/22834-h/images/108.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..91d8285 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/108.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/109.png b/22834-h/images/109.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..779b320 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/109.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/11.png b/22834-h/images/11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b27442f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/11.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/110.png b/22834-h/images/110.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c394817 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/110.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/111.png b/22834-h/images/111.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..278a993 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/111.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/112.png b/22834-h/images/112.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c70884 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/112.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/113.png b/22834-h/images/113.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f19f9e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/113.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/114.png b/22834-h/images/114.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ce8469 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/114.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/115.png b/22834-h/images/115.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6818cb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/115.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/116.png b/22834-h/images/116.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..292ec4c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/116.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/117.png b/22834-h/images/117.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b43b330 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/117.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/118.png b/22834-h/images/118.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd84851 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/118.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/119.png b/22834-h/images/119.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..09e29e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/119.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/12.png b/22834-h/images/12.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..17b2b34 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/12.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/120.png b/22834-h/images/120.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..988b2ef --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/120.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/121.png b/22834-h/images/121.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a6f023 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/121.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/122.png b/22834-h/images/122.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a153a3c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/122.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/123.png b/22834-h/images/123.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf4b3aa --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/123.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/124.png b/22834-h/images/124.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ccafe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/124.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/125.png b/22834-h/images/125.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed90f0b --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/125.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/126.png b/22834-h/images/126.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4d0b21 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/126.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/127.png b/22834-h/images/127.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4374410 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/127.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/128.png b/22834-h/images/128.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f54279e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/128.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/129.png b/22834-h/images/129.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..26f35ba --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/129.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/13.png b/22834-h/images/13.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7687fe1 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/13.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/130.png b/22834-h/images/130.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..972df89 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/130.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/131.png b/22834-h/images/131.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0295ef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/131.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/132.png b/22834-h/images/132.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..653616d --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/132.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/133.png b/22834-h/images/133.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd47f7c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/133.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/134.png b/22834-h/images/134.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..56a7f0e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/134.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/135.png b/22834-h/images/135.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bde7e4e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/135.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/136.png b/22834-h/images/136.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4924390 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/136.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/137.png b/22834-h/images/137.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cdf1c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/137.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/138.png b/22834-h/images/138.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3aae1a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/138.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/139.png b/22834-h/images/139.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7424883 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/139.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/14.png b/22834-h/images/14.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9accac0 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/14.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/140.png b/22834-h/images/140.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5de9e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/140.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/141.png b/22834-h/images/141.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b575ea9 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/141.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/142.png b/22834-h/images/142.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..339b7a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/142.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/143.png b/22834-h/images/143.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba4946a --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/143.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/144.png b/22834-h/images/144.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a9df9a --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/144.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/145.png b/22834-h/images/145.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e553b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/145.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/146.png b/22834-h/images/146.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..15874cb --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/146.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/147.png b/22834-h/images/147.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..dad9a8c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/147.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/148.png b/22834-h/images/148.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5cd554 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/148.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/149.png b/22834-h/images/149.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6acc4e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/149.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/15.png b/22834-h/images/15.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..723dc90 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/15.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/150.png b/22834-h/images/150.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7afe903 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/150.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/151.png b/22834-h/images/151.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..318353b --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/151.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/152.png b/22834-h/images/152.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c2821e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/152.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/153.png b/22834-h/images/153.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b254ab --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/153.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/154.png b/22834-h/images/154.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..34c93ea --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/154.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/155.png b/22834-h/images/155.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5271f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/155.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/156.png b/22834-h/images/156.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..603930b --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/156.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/157.png b/22834-h/images/157.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..99f376e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/157.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/158.png b/22834-h/images/158.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8830d78 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/158.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/159.png b/22834-h/images/159.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4f9fbf --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/159.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/16.png b/22834-h/images/16.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a6d1bd --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/16.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/160.png b/22834-h/images/160.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f7637e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/160.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/161.png b/22834-h/images/161.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ef9c28 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/161.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/162.png b/22834-h/images/162.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2ad176 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/162.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/163.png b/22834-h/images/163.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fb63f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/163.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/164.png b/22834-h/images/164.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e07d5bb --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/164.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/165.png b/22834-h/images/165.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6df7a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/165.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/166.png b/22834-h/images/166.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a60d4cd --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/166.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/167.png b/22834-h/images/167.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..36665ca --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/167.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/168.png b/22834-h/images/168.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f002df0 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/168.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/169.png b/22834-h/images/169.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..059310c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/169.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/17.png b/22834-h/images/17.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b9e53c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/17.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/170.png b/22834-h/images/170.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..03e5e81 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/170.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/171.png b/22834-h/images/171.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..651a3ec --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/171.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/172.png b/22834-h/images/172.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cde0be --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/172.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/173.png b/22834-h/images/173.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3562602 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/173.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/174.png b/22834-h/images/174.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6b24a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/174.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/175.png b/22834-h/images/175.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfe9c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/175.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/176.png b/22834-h/images/176.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..13fbe71 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/176.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/177.png b/22834-h/images/177.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7625b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/177.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/18.png b/22834-h/images/18.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa79248 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/18.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/19.png b/22834-h/images/19.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6bd5985 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/19.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/2.png b/22834-h/images/2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa27c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/2.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/20.png b/22834-h/images/20.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..362bdf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/20.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/21.png b/22834-h/images/21.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6ce4f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/21.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/22.png b/22834-h/images/22.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..890e170 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/22.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/23.png b/22834-h/images/23.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4298ac4 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/23.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/24.png b/22834-h/images/24.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9833ef7 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/24.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/25.png b/22834-h/images/25.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..52df8a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/25.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/26.png b/22834-h/images/26.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1d7ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/26.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/27.png b/22834-h/images/27.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fff0d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/27.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/28.png b/22834-h/images/28.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..83bc2a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/28.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/29.png b/22834-h/images/29.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f2f05d --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/29.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/3.png b/22834-h/images/3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3f3b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/3.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/30.png b/22834-h/images/30.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a47ddbd --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/30.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/31.png b/22834-h/images/31.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7dba34e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/31.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/32.png b/22834-h/images/32.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..788b621 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/32.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/33.png b/22834-h/images/33.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d536a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/33.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/34.png b/22834-h/images/34.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e48bf25 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/34.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/35.png b/22834-h/images/35.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c3bf2b --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/35.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/36.png b/22834-h/images/36.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b5bdf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/36.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/37.png b/22834-h/images/37.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8acc5b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/37.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/38.png b/22834-h/images/38.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..17d4bcc --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/38.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/39.png b/22834-h/images/39.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..15c5952 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/39.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/4.png b/22834-h/images/4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b1b39f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/4.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/40.png b/22834-h/images/40.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2821678 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/40.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/41.png b/22834-h/images/41.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f079e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/41.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/42.png b/22834-h/images/42.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad58f2e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/42.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/43.png b/22834-h/images/43.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ca1b5f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/43.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/44.png b/22834-h/images/44.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8de069 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/44.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/45.png b/22834-h/images/45.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc22e3d --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/45.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/46.png b/22834-h/images/46.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e38d759 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/46.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/47.png b/22834-h/images/47.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3cb0ec --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/47.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/48.png b/22834-h/images/48.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d342d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/48.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/49.png b/22834-h/images/49.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cd7097 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/49.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/5.png b/22834-h/images/5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca12a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/5.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/50.png b/22834-h/images/50.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbefb82 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/50.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/51.png b/22834-h/images/51.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbc4c19 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/51.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/52.png b/22834-h/images/52.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7575d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/52.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/53.png b/22834-h/images/53.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..323f853 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/53.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/54.png b/22834-h/images/54.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbe538f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/54.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/55.png b/22834-h/images/55.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..87ea4b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/55.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/56.png b/22834-h/images/56.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd99d6a --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/56.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/57.png b/22834-h/images/57.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ebdb4f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/57.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/58.png b/22834-h/images/58.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..56c25c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/58.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/59.png b/22834-h/images/59.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f4face --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/59.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/6.png b/22834-h/images/6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a08fe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/6.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/60.png b/22834-h/images/60.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cd5fbf --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/60.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/61.png b/22834-h/images/61.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d1df8f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/61.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/62.png b/22834-h/images/62.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..67e81b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/62.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/63.png b/22834-h/images/63.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3857666 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/63.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/64.png b/22834-h/images/64.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..22959ce --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/64.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/65.png b/22834-h/images/65.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0eaab82 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/65.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/66.png b/22834-h/images/66.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b245a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/66.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/67.png b/22834-h/images/67.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..78ff602 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/67.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/68.png b/22834-h/images/68.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8f23f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/68.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/69.png b/22834-h/images/69.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b307a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/69.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/7.png b/22834-h/images/7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..96ee97e --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/7.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/70.png b/22834-h/images/70.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..95e4dad --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/70.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/71.png b/22834-h/images/71.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8470b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/71.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/72.png b/22834-h/images/72.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ba454d --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/72.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/73.png b/22834-h/images/73.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea7d0f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/73.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/74.png b/22834-h/images/74.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..42addc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/74.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/75.png b/22834-h/images/75.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a278bad --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/75.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/76.png b/22834-h/images/76.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..06116f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/76.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/77.png b/22834-h/images/77.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b91ef15 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/77.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/78.png b/22834-h/images/78.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..504a9ff --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/78.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/79.png b/22834-h/images/79.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cccb43 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/79.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/8.png b/22834-h/images/8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3167043 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/8.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/80.png b/22834-h/images/80.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..47da18a --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/80.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/81.png b/22834-h/images/81.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae61756 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/81.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/82.png b/22834-h/images/82.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..39cb1c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/82.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/83.png b/22834-h/images/83.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d46fb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/83.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/84.png b/22834-h/images/84.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..614f32c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/84.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/85.png b/22834-h/images/85.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1acef66 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/85.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/86.png b/22834-h/images/86.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2579466 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/86.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/87.png b/22834-h/images/87.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4a2aa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/87.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/88.png b/22834-h/images/88.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1145e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/88.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/89.png b/22834-h/images/89.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4222e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/89.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/9.png b/22834-h/images/9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..71041bf --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/9.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/90.png b/22834-h/images/90.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1d7ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/90.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/91.png b/22834-h/images/91.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c65039c --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/91.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/92.png b/22834-h/images/92.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d18507 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/92.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/93.png b/22834-h/images/93.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..74ac8aa --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/93.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/94.png b/22834-h/images/94.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef52860 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/94.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/95.png b/22834-h/images/95.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ce6405 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/95.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/96.png b/22834-h/images/96.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e10f718 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/96.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/97.png b/22834-h/images/97.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0703fcb --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/97.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/98.png b/22834-h/images/98.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e88909f --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/98.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/99.png b/22834-h/images/99.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..99b7905 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/99.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/i.png b/22834-h/images/i.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..54ce925 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/i.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/ii.png b/22834-h/images/ii.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1d7ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/ii.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/iii.png b/22834-h/images/iii.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bffa7b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/iii.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/iv.png b/22834-h/images/iv.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1d7ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/iv.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/map-voyage.jpg b/22834-h/images/map-voyage.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e62c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/map-voyage.jpg diff --git a/22834-h/images/map-voyage_th.jpg b/22834-h/images/map-voyage_th.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b24f12 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/map-voyage_th.jpg diff --git a/22834-h/images/v.png b/22834-h/images/v.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..26beb06 --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/v.png diff --git a/22834-h/images/vi.png b/22834-h/images/vi.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1d7ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/22834-h/images/vi.png |
