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diff --git a/22821-h/22821-h.htm b/22821-h/22821-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7eb357b --- /dev/null +++ b/22821-h/22821-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,6304 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon, by Newell Dwight Hillis</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em;} + + h1,h2 {text-align: center; clear: both;} + + h3 {text-align: center; clear: both; margin: 2em auto 1em;} + + .lu {text-decoration: underline; text-align: left;} + + hr {width: 33%; margin: 2em auto; clear: both;} + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 94%; + font-size: smaller; + font-style: normal; + text-align: right;} + + .bbox28 {border: solid 2px; width: 28em; margin: 1em auto; + font-size: smaller;} + + .c1 {margin-top: .5em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: .5em;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .dcap {text-transform: uppercase;} + .cu {text-align: center; font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline;} + .ju {text-align: justify; font-style: italic; + text-decoration: underline; margin-bottom: 0em;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .trans1 {border: solid 1px; margin: 3em 15%; padding: 1em; text-align: center;} + + img {border: none} + + a:link {text-decoration:none;} + a:visited {text-decoration:none;} + + .cpoem12 {width: 12em; margin: 3em auto; border: solid 2px; padding: 1em; + font-size: larger;} + + p.cap:first-letter {float: left; margin-right: .05em; padding-top: .05em; + font-size: 300%; line-height: .8em;} + .dcap {text-transform: uppercase;} + + .td1 {text-align: left; font-variant: small-caps; padding-left: 2em;} + .td2 {text-align: right; font-variant: small-caps; padding-right: 2em;} + .td3 {text-align: center; letter-spacing: .25em; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;} + .td4 {text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;} + .hd1 {text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large;} + .hd2 {text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; margin: 3em auto 0;} + .hd3 {text-align: center; font-style: italic; margin: 0 auto 3em;} + .hd4 {text-align: center; font-style: italic; margin-top: 3em;} + .pub1 {width: 14em; margin: 0 auto; padding: 1em; font-size: smaller;} + .td11 {text-align: right; font-size: larger; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;} + .td12 {text-align: left; font-variant: small-caps; font-size: larger; vertical-align: top;} + .td13 {text-align: right; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; vertical-align: top;} + .td14 {text-align: justify; width: 15em; vertical-align: top;} + .td15 {text-align: right; font-size: larger; padding-left: 4em; vertical-align: top;} + hr.full { width: 100%; + margin-top: 3em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + height: 4px; + border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ + border-style: solid; + border-color: #000000; + clear: both; } + pre {font-size: 75%;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon, by +Newell Dwight Hillis</h1> +<pre> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: The Blot on the Kaiser's 'Scutcheon</p> +<p>Author: Newell Dwight Hillis</p> +<p>Release Date: October 1, 2007 [eBook #22821]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON***</p> +<p> </p> +<h3>E-text prepared by Suzanne Shell, Stephen Blundell,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p> </p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 260px;"> +<img src="images/001.png" width="260" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h1>The Blot On<br /> +The Kaiser's 'Scutcheon</h1> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + + +<div class="bbox28"><p class="hd1">By Newell Dwight Hillis</p> + +<hr style='width: 35%; margin: 0em auto;' /> + +<p class="c1">Each 12mo, cloth, net, $1.20</p> + +<p class="c1">STUDIES OF THE GREAT WAR<br /> +What Each Nation Has at Stake</p> + +<p class="c1">LECTURES AND ORATIONS BY HENRY WARD<br /> +BEECHER<br /> +Collected by Newell Dwight Hillis</p> + +<p class="c1">THE MESSAGE OF DAVID SWING TO HIS GENERATION<br /> +Compiled, with Introductory Memorial Address<br /> +by Newell Dwight Hillis</p> + +<p class="c1">ALL THE YEAR ROUND<br /> +Sermons for Church and Civic Celebrations</p> + +<p class="c1">THE BATTLE OF PRINCIPLES<br /> +A Study of the Heroism and Eloquence of the Anti-Slavery<br /> +Conflict</p> + +<p class="c1">THE CONTAGION OF CHARACTER<br /> +Studies in Culture and Success</p> + +<p class="c1">THE FORTUNE OF THE REPUBLIC<br /> +Studies, National and Patriotic, upon the America of<br /> +To-day and To-morrow</p> + +<p class="c1">GREAT BOOKS AS LIFE-TEACHERS<br /> +Studies of Character, Real and Ideal</p> + +<p class="c1">THE INVESTMENT OF INFLUENCE<br /> +A Study of Social Sympathy and Service</p> + +<p class="c1">A MAN'S VALUE TO SOCIETY<br /> +Studies in Self-Culture and Character</p> + +<hr style='width: 35%; margin: 0em auto;' /> + +<p class="c1">FAITH AND CHARACTER<br /> +12mo, cloth, gilt top, net, 75 cents</p> + +<p class="c1">FORETOKENS OF IMMORTALITY<br /> +12mo, cloth, net, 60 cents</p> + +<p class="c1">HOW THE INNER LIGHT FAILED<br /> +18mo, boards, net, 25 cents</p> + +<p class="c1">RIGHT LIVING AS A FINE ART<br /> +A Study of Channing's Symphony<br /> +12mo, boards, net, 35 cents</p> + +<p class="c1">THE MASTER OF THE SCIENCE OF RIGHT LIVING<br /> +12mo, boards, net, 35 cents</p> + +<p class="c1">ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF THE YEARS<br /> +16mo, old English boards, net, 25 cents</p> + +<p class="c1">THE SCHOOL IN THE HOME<br /> +Net, 60 cents</p></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<h1>The Blot On<br /> +The Kaiser's 'Scutcheon</h1> + +<p class="hd2">By</p> + +<h2>NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS, D. D.</h2> + +<p class="hd3">Author of "German Atrocities," etc.</p> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 65px; margin-bottom: 3em;"> +<img src="images/002.png" width="65" height="100" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td class="td1">New York</td><td class="td4"> </td><td class="td2">Chicago</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td3" colspan="3">Fleming H. Revell Company</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td1">London</td><td class="td4">and</td><td class="td2">Edinburgh</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="center">Copyright, 1918, by<br /> +FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY</p> + +<div class="cpoem12"> +<p class="cu">Uniform with this Volume</p> +<p class="center"><big><b>German Atrocities</b></big><br /> +<small>By NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS<br /> +<small>Illus., Cloth, $1.00 net</small></small></p> + +<p class="ju">A Million and a Half +Extracts from this book +have been issued by the +Liberty Loan Committee!</p></div> + + +<div class="pub1">New York: 158 Fifth Avenue<br /> +Chicago: 17 North Wabash Ave.<br /> +London: 21 Paternoster Square<br /> +Edinburgh: 75 Princes Street</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p> +<h2>Contents</h2> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> + +<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="6">I.</td> +<td class="td12" colspan="2">The Arch-Criminal</td> +<td class="td15" rowspan="6"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Kaiser's Hatred of the United States.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">The Kaiser's Character Revealed in His Choosing the Sultan for His friend.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">Pershing's Charges versus the Kaiser.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">Who Taught the Kaiser That a Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The Plot of the Kaiser.</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="8">II.</td> +<td class="td12" colspan="2">The Judas Among Nations</td> +<td class="td15" rowspan="8"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Original Plot of the Members of the Potsdam Gang.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">The Berlin Schemers and Their Plot.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">German Superiority a Myth That Has Exploded.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">German Intrigues.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">German Burglars Loaded with Loot Are the More Easily Captured.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">Germans Who Hide Behind the Screen.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">Must German Men Be Exterminated?</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="11">III.</td> +<td class="td12" colspan="2">The Black Soul of the Hun</td> +<td class="td15" rowspan="11"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">German Barbarism Not Barbarism to the German.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">The German "Science of Lying."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">The Malignity of the German Spies.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">The Cancer in the Body-Politic of Germany.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">Polygamy and the Collapse of the Family in Germany.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">The Red-Hot Swords in Sister Julie's Eyes.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">The Hidden Dynamite: The Hun's Destruction of Cathedrals.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">8.</td><td class="td14">The German Sniper Who Hid Behind the Crucifix.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">9.</td><td class="td14">The Ruined Studio.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">10.</td><td class="td14">Was This Murder Justified?</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="12">IV.</td> +<td class="td12" colspan="2">In France the Immortal!</td> +<td class="td15" rowspan="12"><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Glory of the French Soldier's Heroism.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the Frenchman.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">"I Am Only His Wife."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">A Soldier's Funeral in Paris.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The Old Book-Lover of Louvain.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">A Vision of Judgment in Martyred Gerbéviller.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">The Return of the Refugees.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">8.</td><td class="td14">An American Knight in France.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">9.</td><td class="td14">An American Soldier's Grave in France.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">10.</td><td class="td14">"These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay Them Upon My Son's Grave."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">11.</td><td class="td14">The Courage of Clemenceau.</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="9">V.</td> +<td class="td12" colspan="2">Our British Allies</td> +<td class="td15" rowspan="9"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">"Gott Strafe England"—"And Scotland."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">"England Must Not Starve."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">German-Americans Who Vilify England.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">British vs. American Girls in Munition Factories.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">"Why Did You Leave Us in Hell for Two Years?"</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">"This War Will End Within Forty Years."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">8.</td><td class="td14">"Why Are We Outmanned By the Germans?"</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td class="td11" rowspan="8">VI.</td> +<td class="td12" colspan="2">"Over Here"</td> +<td class="td15" rowspan="8"><a href="#Page_164">164</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">1.</td><td class="td14">The Redemption of a Slacker.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">2.</td><td class="td14">Slackers versus Heroes.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">3.</td><td class="td14">German Stupidity in Avoiding the Draft.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">4.</td><td class="td14">"I'm Working Now for Uncle Sam."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">5.</td><td class="td14">The German Farmer's Debt to the United States.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">6.</td><td class="td14">"Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth" Is an Ungrateful Immigrant.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="td13">7.</td><td class="td14">In Praise of Our Secret Service.</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p> +<h2>Publisher's Explanatory Note</h2> + + +<p>These brief articles are sparks struck as it were +from the anvil of events. They were written on +trains, in hotels, in the intervals between public +addresses. During the past year beginning October +1, 1917, Dr. Hillis, in addition to his +work in Plymouth Church, and as President of +The Plymouth Institute, has visited no less than +one hundred and sixty-two cities, and made some +four hundred addresses on "The National Crisis," +"How Germany Lost Her Soul," "The Philosophy +of the German Atrocities," and "The Pan-German +Empire Plot," the substance of these +lectures and addresses being given in the book, +"German Atrocities," heretofore published. +These articles are illustrative of and supplementary +to the principles stated in that volume.</p> + +<p>While consenting to publication, the author +was not afforded opportunity for full revision of +this second volume, being again called over-seas +just as this book was being put into type. This +will account for the form in which the material +appears.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p> +<h2 class="lu">THE<br /> +ARCH-CRIMINAL</h2> + +<h2>I</h2> + + +<h3>1. The Kaiser's Hatred of the United +States</h3> + +<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">It</span> is a proverb that things done in secret +soon or late are published from the housetops.</p> + +<p>Certainly everything that was hidden as +to the plots of the Potsdam gang is, little by +little, now being revealed.</p> + +<p>Nothing illustrates this fact better than +that volume published in Leipsic in 1907, +called "Reminiscences of Ten Years in the +German Embassy in Washington, D. C."</p> + +<p>When that aged diplomat published the +story of his diplomatic career he doubtless +thought that the volume prepared for his +children and grandchildren and friends was +forever buried in the German language. It +never even occurred to the Councillor of the +Ambassador, von Holleben, that the book +would ever fall into the hands of any American. +The very fact that an American<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +author found the volume in a second-hand +bookstore of Vienna in 1914 and translated +the three chapters on the Kaiser's representatives +in the United States and the organization +of the German-American League, must +have roused the Foreign Department in +Berlin to the highest point of anger.</p> + +<p>Children and diplomats oftentimes unconsciously +betray the most important secrets. +No volume ever published could possibly +have revealed matters of greater moment to +Germany than this volume of reminiscences +that sets forth the propaganda carried on in +the United States by Ambassador von Holleben +and his legal councillor for the furthering +of the Pan-German Empire scheme.</p> + +<p>No scholar can doubt the right of this old +diplomat to speak. The Kaiser personally +vouched for him by giving him this important +duty. The honours bestowed at the end +of his long diplomatic career tell their own +story. Every page breathes sincerity and +truthfulness. No one who reads this volume +can doubt that this author gave the exact +facts—facts well known to his German +friends—in the recollections of his diplomatic +career.</p> + +<p>This diplomat tells us plainly that von<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> +Holleben and himself were sent to the +United States specially charged with the +task of reuniting Germans who were naturalized +in America with the German Empire.</p> + +<p>It was their duty to organize secret German-American +societies in every great city +like New York and Brooklyn, Chicago and +Milwaukee, Cincinnati and St. Louis, and to +present to these societies a German flag sent +from the hands of the Kaiser himself.</p> + +<p>Their work, says the author, was based +upon the fact that the Kaiser had passed a +law restoring full citizenship in Germany to +those Germans who had become naturalized +citizens of the United States. When, therefore, +these members of the German-American +League formally accepted their restored +citizenship their first duty was to the Fatherland +and the Kaiser and their second duty +to the United States and its Government. +Indeed, this lawyer and author actually goes +so far as to give extracts from von Holleben's +speech before the German-American +League in Chicago when he presented the +society with a German flag and swore the +members to the old-time allegiance.</p> + +<p>He says that in some way the editor of +the Chicago <i>Tribune</i> found out about this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> +meeting and wrote a very severe editorial, +after which, he adds, that von Holleben and +himself had to be more careful.</p> + +<p>Concerning the Milwaukee meeting, he refers +to a conversation which revealed his +judgment that if ever there was trouble between +Germany and the United States the +war would partake of the nature of a civil +war. The author not only gives an account of +the conference held at the Waldorf-Astoria between +Ambassador von Holleben, Professors +Munsterberg of Harvard and Schoenfield of +Columbia and himself, on the one side, and +Herman Ridder on the other, but he gives +the instructions from Berlin that Herr +Ridder could only keep his subsidy from the +German Government for the New Yorker +<i>Staats Zeitung</i> by placing his fealty to Germany +first and subordinating his Americanism, +and that otherwise Ambassador von +Holleben would found a rival German paper +that would have back of it "unlimited resources, +to wit: the total resources of the +German Empire."</p> + +<p>Here, then, is proof positive that the +Kaiser began his efforts to establish a pro-German +movement against the United +States for several years before 1906 and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> +that he methodically kept it up until the war +began.</p> + +<p>Through it all he claimed to be our sincere +friend; but he was then, as he is to-day, an +implacable and relentless enemy, with a +heart laden with hatred and bitterness.</p> + + +<h3>2. The Kaiser's Character Revealed in +His Choosing the Sultan for His +Friend</h3> + +<p>Nothing tests manhood like the choice of +a bosom-friend. Criminals choose bad associates.</p> + +<p>Every Black Hand leader goes naturally +towards the saloon, the gambling house and +the dens where thieves congregate. Dickens +made Fagin surround himself with pickpockets, +burglars and murderers.</p> + +<p>History tells us that Christianity has always +kept good company. Its friends have +been architects, artists, poets and statesmen. +Christianity repeats itself through its friends +in the Gothic Cathedral shaped in the form +of the cross, in the Transfiguration of +Raphael, the Duomo of Giotto, the Paradise +Lost of Milton, the In Memoriam of Tennyson, +the Emancipation Proclamation of Lincoln.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> +Christianity has never formed any +close friendships with jails, gallows or slave +ships. Men like Gladstone and Lincoln always +kept good company; their friends have +been scholars and heroes; but, in striking +contrast, consider the friends selected by the +Kaiser.</p> + +<p>To the Kaiser came a critical hour; at +that moment he was at the parting of the +ways. It became necessary for him to make +a choice of friends. Like every man, his isolation +was impossible and friendship became +a necessity.</p> + +<p>The Kaiser had the whole world from +which to choose. Yonder in London were +King Edward and his son, the Prince of +Wales. In France were certain statesmen +and scientists like Curie. There was the old +hero living in the capital of Japan and two +ex-Presidents known the world around for +their splendid manhood; and he could have +made overtures of friendship to any one of +these brave men; but in the silence of the +night the Kaiser passed in review earth's +great men, and finally selected for his close +friend the lowest of the low—the butcher, +unspeakable butcher—the Sultan of Turkey.</p> + +<p>At that time the Sultan had just completed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +the butchery of many Armenians. +His garments were red with blood, his hands +dripped with gore. His house was a harem; +his hand held a dagger. The sea-wall behind +his palace rose out of the blue waters +of the Bosporus.</p> + +<p>When an American battle-ship was anchored +there and a diver went down he +pulled a rope and was brought up, shivering +with terror, and saying that he found +himself surrounded with corpses tied in +sacks and held down by stones at the bottom +of the sea.</p> + +<p>In that hour the Kaiser exclaimed: "Let +the Sultan be my associate! I will go to +Constantinople and sign a treaty with the +unspeakable butcher."</p> + +<p>And so the Kaiser took his train, lived in +the Sultan's palace, signed this treaty, and +hired the Sultan's knife and club, just as the +Chief Priest Annas chose Judas to be his +representative upon whom he could load the +responsibility for the murder of Jesus.</p> + +<p>Never was a friendship more damnable. +Reared in a country that believed in the +sanctity of the marriage relation and in +monogamy, the Kaiser lined up with polygamy. +The treaty that he made was thoroughgoing.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> +He sent out word to all Mohammedans, +whether they lived in India or +Persia, in Arabia or Turkey, that they must +remember that the Kaiser had entered into a +treaty to become their protector and friend. +Having become a Lutheran in Berlin, he +became a Mohammedan in Constantinople +on the principle that "When you are in +Rome do as the Romans do, and when you +are in hell act like the devil"—a simple +principle which the Kaiser proceeded to obey +as soon as he reached Constantinople.</p> + +<p>Every one knew that the Kaiser wanted +to build a German railroad through to Bagdad +and the Persian Gulf; this would give +him an outlet for surplus goods to be sold in +India. Serbia lay straight across the path, +and he had to work out some scheme to +attack Serbia. Then he needed the Sultan's +friendship, and the end justified the means—and +the end was the Bagdad Railroad.</p> + +<p>But the Turk tired of being the Kaiser's +tool; he wanted more land; the Armenian +was in his way; the Turk was lazy, shiftless +and a spendthrift. The Armenian was industrious +and hard-working. The Turk's +method of living made him poor. The gifts +of the Armenian tended towards wealth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> +Once in twenty years the Turk found himself +a pauper and found the Armenian rich; +the result was envy and covetousness on the +part of the Sultan and his people. It became +necessary to bribe the Turk to stand +by the Kaiser and his Baghdad Railroad. +The Kaiser's German officers, therefore, furnished +the bribe.</p> + +<p>"Let us go to this Armenian village, or +that, and kill the people. We German officers +will take the large houses of the rich +merchants and move into them, and your +Turkish soldiers can kill the old men, use the +Armenian girls for the harem, and fling the +little children's bodies into pits dug in the +garden behind the house. We will enter +the village in the morning as soldiers; when +the night comes, as Germans and Turks, we +will be the only people living in the Armenian +village, and we will move into their +stores and take possession of their houses +and their looms."</p> + +<p>"You cannot hang an entire nation," said +Edmund Burke. "You must arrest the +leaders and hang them." Burke was right +as to the punishment of criminals, but he +was wrong when it comes to murdering industrious +and honest Armenians. You can<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +murder an entire nation, for the Germans +and the Turks have practically done it. +Ambassador Morgenthau has just said that +the Kaiser and the Sultan through their +forces have murdered nearly a million Armenians. +But, soon or late, remorse and +conscience will take hold upon these two unspeakable +butchers with hands that drip with +blood—the butcher Kaiser, the butcher Sultan, +that represent earth's two murderous +twins.</p> + + +<h3>3. Pershing's Charges versus the Kaiser</h3> + +<p>Nothing measures a man so accurately as +the names he gives to his favourite son. +Most significant, therefore, is the fact that +the Kaiser named his second son Eitel, +or Attila. Who was this Attila who has +captured the imagination of the Kaiser? +He was a Hun who devastated Italy fifteen +hundred years ago. The motto of +this black-hearted murderer Attila the Hun +was: "Where my feet fall, let grass not +grow for a hundred years." When the +Kaiser read Attila's story he exclaimed: +"That is the man for me!" First, he named +his favourite son for Attila the Hun. Second,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> +in sending his German soldiers out to +China, and later in 1914 to Belgium, he gave +them this charge: "You will take no prisoners; +you will show no mercy; you will +give no quarter; you will make yourselves as +terrible as the Huns under Attila." Plainly +the Kaiser knew his men. He knew that +they were capable of outdoing even that +monster Attila the Hun. So he sent them +forth to bayonet babes, violate old women, +murder old men, crucify officers, violate nuns, +sink <i>Lusitanias</i>, and turn solemn treaties into +scraps of paper.</p> + +<p>Now over against the Kaiser's charge, +black as hell, and big with death, witness +Pershing's charge, reported loosely by a +French boy, with his imperfect knowledge +of English, translated out of the French +newspapers on July 18, 1917. Pershing's +brief address comes to this:</p> + +<p>"Young soldiers of America, you are here +in France to help expel an invading enemy; +but you are also here to lift a shield above +the poor and weak; you will safeguard all +property; you will lift a shield above the +aged and oppressed; you will be most courteous +to women, gentle and kind to little +children; guard against temptation of every<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +kind; fear God, fight bravely, defend Liberty, +honour your native land. God have +you in His keeping." "Pershing."</p> + +<p>The difference between yonder lowest hell +in its uttermost abyss and yonder highest +heaven, where standeth the throne of a just +God, is not greater than the chasm that separates +that unspeakable butcher, the Kaiser, +from General Pershing and the American +soldier boys, who have never betrayed in +France, the noblest ideals of service cherished +by the people of the American Republic.</p> + + +<h3>4. Who Taught the Kaiser That a +Treaty Is a Scrap of Paper?</h3> + +<p>Each month of this war clears away +some clouds and reveals Germany as wholly +given over to crime and treachery. At +the beginning of the invasion of Belgium, +the Kaiser spoke of his treaty safeguarding +the neutrality of that little land as a "scrap +of paper." At the moment no one seems to +have realized whence the Kaiser had that +cynical expression. Now the whole damnable +story has been made clear. Twenty-five +years ago the Kaiser, in one of his +addresses, used these words:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p> + +<p>"From my childhood I have been under +the influence of five men—Alexander, Julius +Cæsar, Theodoric II, Napoleon and Frederick +the Great. These five men dreamed +their dream of a world empire; they failed. +I am dreaming my dream of a world empire, +but I shall succeed."</p> + +<p>Now why did the Kaiser over and over +again proclaim his allegiance to Frederick +the Great? How is it that he celebrates his +ancestor, Frederick? This "scrap of paper" +incident makes it all quite clear. The bitter +waters gushing out of the Potsdam Palace +go back to a bitter spring named Frederick +the Great. The poisoned fruit that ripened +in 1914 hangs on a bough whose trunk was +planted by Frederick in far-off days.</p> + +<p>Among many musty old German books +recently published is a little book by that +same Frederick. The Prussian king was +writing certain notes for the guidance of his +sons and successors, among whom is the +present Kaiser. In his page of counsels +Frederick talks very plainly about the +breaking of treaties:</p> + +<p>"Consider a treaty as a scrap of paper +under any one of the following emergencies: +First, when necessity compels it. Second,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> +when you lack means to continue the war. +Third, when you cannot by any other means +combat your ally or enemy."</p> + +<p>Then Frederick raises one question: "If +the interests of your army or your people or +yourself are at stake or you have to keep +your word on one hand and your pledge +word and treaty is on the other hand, which +path will you take? Who can be stupid +enough to hesitate in answering this question? +In other words, treaties are to be +kept when they promote your interest, and +shamelessly broken when you gain thereby."</p> + +<p>The Kaiser, therefore, had from Frederick, +his ancestor, this handbook on lying. In +turn, the Kaiser gave this notion of the +treaty as a scrap of paper to his Chancellor, +Bethmann-Hollweg, who engraved, as +has been said, "on eternal brass the infamy +of Germany": "We are now in a +state of necessity, and necessity knows no +law. We were compelled to override the +the just protest of Luxembourg and Belgian +Governments. The wrong—I speak openly—that +we are committing we will endeavour +to make good as soon as our military goal +has been reached. Anybody who is threatened, +as we are threatened, and who is fighting<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +for his highest possessions, can have only +one thought, how he is to hack his way +through."</p> + +<p>Guizot mentions "honour and fidelity to +the pledged word" as one of the distinguishing +elements of what is called "a civilized +State." But this puts Germany among the +barbarous savages. Three indictments and +convictions have blackened the name of +Germany throughout all the world. First, +her atrocious and dishonourable methods of +warfare; second, the carrying off into +slavery of non-combatants, the Belgians and +French, and third, the breach of the pledged +word and the solemn treaties with other +nations.</p> + +<p>But at last we know that Frederick the +Great, the ancestor of the Kaiser, was the +author of the phrase, "the treaty is a scrap +of paper." What was once in the gristle in +the ancestor is now bred in the bone of the +Kaiser and Crown Prince. That phrase, "a +scrap of paper," holds the germ of a thousand +wars. It spells the ruin of civilization. Not +to resent it by war, is for the Allies to commit +spiritual suicide.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>5. The Plot of the Kaiser</h3> + +<p>All the pamphlets issued secretly to the +members of the Pan-German League invariably +used Rome as their illustration. +We are not surprised, therefore, to find that +the German leaders called attention to +the fact that it took two wars at intervals +of some years to make Rome a world +empire.</p> + +<p>In like manner, therefore, the Kaiser and +his Cabinet told the German people at home +and abroad that the first war, beginning in +1914, would establish a Middle-Europe Empire +extending from Hamburg on the North +Sea to Bagdad on the Persian Gulf.</p> + +<p>One of the pamphlets issued many years +ago fixed the countries to be conquered about +1915, and distinctly mentioned Denmark, +Holland, Belgium and North France, Poland +and Rumania, Hungary and Austria, Serbia +and Bulgaria, and the wheat granaries of +Russia, with Turkey and Armenia.</p> + +<p>The number of people to be conquered and +included after the first war was fixed at +250,000,000.</p> + +<p>The argument states that it will take but +a few years to compact this Middle-Europe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +Empire and that naturally Great Britain, +Spain and Italy, to the west, with Norway +and Sweden to the north, with Italy and +Switzerland to the south, and of course +Greece and Egypt would, from time to time, +as crises came, fall inevitably into Germany's +hand. Berlin, as the world capital, should +by 1920 be the magnet, and the little particles +of iron, named the Balkan States, would +be drawn and held by this great German +magnet in Berlin.</p> + +<p>The first step to be taken and the first +goal to be reached concerned, of course, the +English Channel, the Dutch cities on the +mouth of the Rhine, and the iron mines of +Northern France. We know to an absolute +certainty all the details of this plan.</p> + +<p>For more than thirty years Germany had +been organizing her army; she knew every +road, inn, bridge, factory, shop, and wholesale +store in Denmark and Holland, Belgium +and France. In all of the larger ones she +had German agents belonging to the Pan-German +League toiling as workmen and +every detail was planned out in advance.</p> + +<p>In 1910 General von Bissing, one of the +Kaiser's closest friends, was sent to Brussels. +For years he spent the summer months apparently<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +at the watering places near The +Hague in Holland and Ostend in Belgium, +preparatory to the hour when Germany +would seize Belgium and he assume his position +as Governor-General, living in Brussels.</p> + +<p>Men nearing death tell the truth. In January +of 1917 von Bissing prepared a memorandum +for the direction of Belgian affairs +in His Majesty's name and according to his +wish. This document contains the meditations +of a dying man. The statements he +makes, he says, contain the views that inspired +his every act in Belgium during his +administration.</p> + +<p>In his last will and testament von Bissing, +in the spring of 1917, advises the German +Government in Berlin that the time has come +to throw off all disguises. He says that at +the beginning of the war it was probably +good policy to deny that the Government +ever intended to annex Belgium, but, he says, +"now that we are victorious there is no +reason why we should not publish to the +world the fact that we never intend to give +up one foot of the Belgian sea-coast, nor one +ton of the Belgian coal, nor one acre of the +French iron mines."</p> + +<p>He says plainly: "The annual Belgian<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +production of 23,000,000 tons of coal has +given us a monopoly on the continent which +has helped to maintain our vitality. If we +do not hold Belgium, administer Belgium in +future for our interest and protect Belgium +by force of arms, our trade and industry will +lose the positions they have won in Belgium +and perhaps will never recover them."</p> + +<p>And what about Dutch cities and seaports? +On page eighteen of General von +Bissing's last will and testament he adds:</p> + +<p>"Our frontier, in the interest of our sea +power, must be pushed forward to the sea." +This sentence makes it perfectly plain that a +little later Germany intends to incorporate +Rotterdam in her own customs union. +"Belgium must be seized and held, as it now +is, and as it is to-day it must be in the future. +The conquest of Belgium has simply been +forced upon us by the necessities of German +expansion."</p> + +<p>Von Bissing, however, recognizes the difficulty +of annexing Belgium and securing the +consent of the members who shall arrange +the treaty of peace at the conclusion of the +war, and this is his decision:</p> + +<p>"Our best method, therefore, is to avoid, +during the peace negotiations, all discussion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> +about the form of the annexation and to apply +nothing but the right of conquest. +Plainly Belgium's King can never consent to +abandon his sovereignty, but we can read in +Machiavelli that he who desires to take possession +of a country will be compelled to remove +the King or regent, even by killing +him."</p> + +<p>Von Bissing has torn off all masks. He +himself states that he is speaking for the +Kaiser, as his most trusted friend and counsellor. +Germany intends, therefore, ultimately +to kill King Albert of Belgium, and +this carries with it that the Kaiser and his +War Staff believe they have the right to kill +any King or President who happens to stand +in the pathway of their ambition. Every +lover of mankind whose heart is knitted in +with the poor and the weak will understand +what that editor meant the other day when +he said:</p> + +<p>"The one duty of the hour, therefore, for +America, is to kill Germans, that we may +keep the rest of the world from being +killed."</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p> +<h2 class="lu">THE JUDAS<br /> +AMONG NATIONS</h2> + +<h2>II</h2> + + +<h3>1. The Original Plot of the Members +of the Potsdam Gang</h3> + +<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Many</span> historic meetings, big with social +disaster, are recorded in history. Witness +the meeting of the Athenian judges for +the killing of Socrates. Witness the coming +together of the priests and Judas for the +piteous tragedy of the death of Jesus. Witness +that midnight meeting of the conspirators +in Florence for the burning of Savonarola. +Terrible also the results of that +meeting in the Potsdam Palace in 1896 that +culminated in the Pan-German Empire +scheme.</p> + +<p>What began as a spark that day has ended +in a world conflagration.</p> + +<p>In retrospect the Kaiser and his associates +had many events behind them to encourage +the ambition to make Berlin a world capital, +Kaiser Wilhelm the world emperor and all +the other nations and races subject peoples.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p> + +<p>Beginning in 1860 with thirty-five millions +of people and only fifteen billions of dollars, +Germany had climbed to greatness upon iron +steps, heated hot by war. Never did wars +yield so large a return.</p> + +<p>The war with Denmark had given Germany +the Kiel Harbour, the Kiel Canal and +a sea-coast for her ships.</p> + +<p>The war with Austria had given Germany +the rich coal provinces of Central Europe. +The war with France had given Germany +the iron mines of Alsace and Lorraine.</p> + +<p>And here for the next war were Denmark +and Holland, Belgium and northern France—so +many jewel boxes that could be looted. +To the eastward were Poland with her coal +mines, Rumania with her oil fields and Russia +with her wheat granaries. And once Central +Europe became a Middle-Europe German +Empire there was no reason why later on +Germany should not extend her conquests to +Russia on the east and England on the west, +and then to North and South America.</p> + +<p>It was a great scheme. Never was prize +so rich. Never could obstacles be so easily +swept away. To make Berlin a world-capital +and Kaiser Wilhelm a world-emperor +only two things were needed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> + +<p>Plainly the first thing to be done was to +organize the Pan-German Empire League +and educate the leading men of Germany—the +ship owners, bankers, merchants and +manufacturers, editors, ministers, priests and +university professors.</p> + +<p>Local branch societies were organized in +all the large German towns and cities. +Weekly meetings were held, papers read and +reports made. Slowly people of the middle +class were included in the league. Documents +marked "Secret and Confidential" +were distributed, setting forth the details of +the scheme.</p> + +<p>Full reports were made as to what Germany +could make by seizing the fields of +Denmark, the cities on the mouth of the +Rhine in Belgium, the coal and iron mines +of France, Poland and Russia, and also the +undeveloped resources of the Valley of the +Euphrates.</p> + +<p>Careful statements were prepared as to +the difficulties that must be surmounted, but +always this lure was held out—that the +poorest German who then had nothing, +would when Germany was victorious become +a landowner, live in a mansion and drive +his own automobile. Then he would have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +Russians and Frenchmen to wait upon him, +since the German was a superman, intended +for a patrician, while all other races were +pigs, intended by nature to be bondsmen and +plebeians.</p> + +<p>"The rest of the world is amassing wealth, +and when the fruit is ripe then we Germans +will pluck it"—this was their motto.</p> + +<p>Little by little the germ of world-ambition +became a fever, burning in the soul of every +German at home or abroad. It took twenty +years to thoroughly inculcate every individual +of the German race with this feverish +ambition, but when 1914 came every German +had gone over to the Pan-German +scheme and was ready to die for it.</p> + + +<h3>2. The Berlin Schemers and Their Plot</h3> + +<p>After all the Germans at home and abroad +understood the Pan-German scheme of seditious +intrigue in foreign countries and the +vast web was spun and thrown out over all +the cities and continents where the Kaiser's +representatives were living, the second thing +to be done was to make the plan clear by +spreading it out like a great map. The +method used, therefore, was pictorial.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> + +<p>The Department of Publicity in Berlin +became experts on geography. They began +to issue illustrated maps so that the rudest +German peasants and the German colonists +living in Milwaukee or El Paso, in Rio Janeiro +or Buenos Aires, in Brussels or St. Petersburg, +in Melbourne or Calcutta, could easily +understand the method and the goal.</p> + +<p>Out of twenty maps issued in Berlin and +reproduced by Andre Cheredame, no one is +more important than the one marked "The +Old Roman Empire." The simplest German +miner understood the map at a glance +and realized its meaning for the members +of the Pan-German League. Here is old +Rome marked world capital. Here is Cæsar +Augustus called the first world emperor. +Here is Carthage with its capital looted and +Roman peasants remaining after the victory +to move into rich men's houses and estates +of North Africa. And here also were the +maps of conquered Palestine, Ephesus, Athens +and Corinth. To be sure the old Romans +had to become soldiers, but, later, did not +each Roman soldier live in the rich gardens +around Thebes, Ephesus and Corinth?</p> + +<p>Instantly the imaginations of the German +peasants and workmen kindled. The Kaiser<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +was right. What had been in Rome must +be in Berlin. The Elbe must succeed the +Tiber. Berlin shall be the second world-capital. +Our Wilhelm shall be the second +world-emperor. Germania shall be written +straight across Europe from Hamburg on +the North Sea to Bagdad on the Persian +Gulf. Germans alone shall be allowed to +carry weapons, as once only the Roman was +allowed to own a spear; only Germans shall +be allowed to hold title deeds to lands, even +as once only Romans could hold a field or +a house in fee simple. Old Rome won by +becoming a military State.</p> + +<p>Did not the people of Rome go forth as +soldiers and return with triumphal processions, +with treasures of loot that took days +to pass along the Appian Way, while the +Romans stood cheering and the women and +children sang and threw flowers in the path? +Why should not the German army, between +the reaping of the wheat in July and the +threshing of the wheat in October, return +from Brussels and Paris laden with treasure, +while a second triumphal procession marched +down Wilhelmstrasse?</p> + +<p>The German peasants kindled at this +dream. Why should the German have to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +live always on bologna sausage, drink beer, +eat sauerkraut and live in ugly houses when +the people of Paris and London drank champagne, +ate roast fowl, wore French laces and +the finest English wools? It was a wicked +shame. Surely the German was intended +for something better than sauerkraut and +beer!</p> + +<p>"Two weeks and we will be in Brussels. +Three weeks and we will have Paris. Two +months and we will loot London."</p> + +<p>This was the plan. How significant that +letter, taken from the dead body of a German +boy found in No Man's Land, near +Compiègne.</p> + +<p>"Within three days, Liebschen, we will +be in Paris. I intend to bring you a pocketful +of Paris rings and jewels, with Paris +gowns and laces."</p> + +<p>From the body of a German boy found +near Lunéville was taken this letter saying +that, with his three companions, he had +picked out four French farms and left the +houses standing, and that his friends and +himself had picked out these farms as permanent +homes. Later he added that Heinrich +thought it would be much better for +them to wait until they smashed England<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +and made Canada a German colony. Then +they could own, not small French farms, but +vast Canadian farms with a hundred tenants +working for him in the valleys around Toronto +and the vineyards of Winnipeg and +orchards of Hudson Bay.</p> + +<p>Most shrewd and cunning, the plotters of +the Potsdam gang. They knew how to feed +the fires of envy and avarice in the German +people. Every few weeks they placed new +material in the hands of every German at +home and abroad. They reminded each poor +peasant and foreign colonist that he was a +superman, and that by day and by night he +was to prepare for the time when he would +become the head of all the people of the +town or industry with which he was related. +Poor Germans in foreign countries dreamed +their dreams of the time when they would +be appointed by the Kaiser and Foreign Minister +to take charge of the village in Mexico, +the mine in Chile, or when they would be the +tax collector in some distant province.</p> + +<p>We know now, from letters that have +been found, that the German soldiers in +France carried in their pockets a description +by the German historian Curtius of the triumphal +procession along the Appian Way,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +when the Roman conquerors came home +loaded with loot. These skillful German +plotters printed at the bottom of Curtius's +description the statement that each German +soldier must look forward to a similar return +from London, Paris and Brussels to march +through the streets of Munich and Berlin.</p> + +<p>What a dream was this German dream! +What treasures were to be brought into +Berlin! What marbles and bronzes of Rodin +stolen from Paris! At last Berlin was to +own beautiful paintings, for the treasures of +the Louvre were to be the Kaiser's.</p> + +<p>Never was there such a dream dreamed +by peasants who soon were to become princes +and kings and patricians. The German had +exchanged the rye bread of 1913 for the +"fog bank" of 1918; had given up German +beer to grasp only empty, breaking bubbles. +But it was a great dream while it lasted. In +pursuance of his hope he sacrificed three +million German boys, left dead in the fields +of Flanders and France. He sent home four +million German cripples. He filled the land +with vast armies of widows and orphans.</p> + +<p>It could not have been otherwise. There +has never been, and never will be, but one +world city—Rome; and there has never been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +but one world-emperor—Cæsar Augustus. +There is to be one universal kingdom—and +that is the kingdom of God, the kingdom of +love, justice, peace and good-will. The German +has been pursuing a will-o'-the-wisp.</p> + +<p>A world-kingdom will come, but no Kaiser +will rule over that empire of love. In that +world-parliament all the races shall be represented +as equals; then the earth that has +long been a battle-field shall become an Eden +garden, where all are patriots towards the +world-kingdom, and scholars towards the intellect, +and self-sufficing towards the family, +and obedient towards their God.</p> + + +<h3>3. German Superiority a Myth That +Has Exploded</h3> + +<p>Several years before the great war began +a Dutch humorist wrote a play on German +megalomania. He portrayed a German +schoolroom in Prussia. Thirty or forty +embryonic Prussians are at the desks and a +Prussian schoolmaster is in the chair.</p> + +<p>"Children, what is the greatest country in +the world?"</p> + +<p>All shouted vociferously, "Germany!"</p> + +<p>"What is the greatest city in the world?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p> + +<p>"Berlin!"</p> + +<p>"Who is the greatest man in the world?"</p> + +<p>"The Kaiser!"</p> + +<p>"Should there ever be, children, a vacancy +in the Trinity, who is best fitted to fill the +position?"</p> + +<p>"The Crown Prince!"</p> + +<p>"Who are the chosen people of the good +old German God?"</p> + +<p>"The German people!"</p> + +<p>Never was there a finer bit of sarcasm +and yet the Germans were never able to understand +the play. The Kaiser, the War +Staff, the Cabinet, down to the last wretched +creature working in the stables and the +sewers, reading the play, exclaimed:</p> + +<p>"What is the man driving at? Why, of +course the Germans are the greatest people +in the world—we admit it!"</p> + +<p>Now, during the last few years the Germans +have spent untold millions in propagating +this myth of superiority, and yet the German +intellect has never even had a second-rate +position. Call the roll of all the tools +that have redeemed men from drudgery and +you will find that Germany's contributions +are hopelessly inferior to the other nations.</p> + +<p>The new industrial era began with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +locomotive and steamship; James Watt invented +the one and Stevenson the other.</p> + +<p>The new era of physical comfort began +with the loom; a Frenchman named Jacquard +and an Englishman named Arkwright +made men warm for their work in winter. +Garments within the reach of the poor man +in forest and factory, field and mine, means +the cotton gin, and that gin is the gift of +an American. The sewing machine changed +woman's position, but the world owes that to +our own Elias Howe.</p> + +<p>We owe the telegraph to an English inventor +and, in part, to Morse. We owe the +cable in part to Lord Kelvin and, in part, to +Cyrus Field. We owe the telephone to Bell +and the wireless to Marconi.</p> + +<p>Holland invented the submarine, Wright +the airplane, McCormick the reaper and +Edison the phonograph.</p> + +<p>An American invented the German submarine; +an American invented the German +torpedo; an American invented the German +machine-gun; an American invented the +Murphy button, the yellow fever antitoxin, +the Dakin solution.</p> + +<p>An English physician discovered the circulation +of the blood, Jenner gave us vaccination,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +Lister antiseptics, France the Pasteur +serums and the Curie radio discoveries, while +a Bulgarian, Dr. Metchnikoff, discovered the +enemies of the blood.</p> + +<p>It was from France, England and the +United States that Germany stole the typewriter, +the steel building, the use of rubber, +the aniline dyes, reënforced concrete bridges, +air-brakes, the use of electricity.</p> + +<p>One of the most amazing volumes in the +world is the "History of Tools and Machinery." +We have all known for a long time +that there is not one single German name +among the eight great masters of painting +that begins with Rembrandt and includes +men like Velasquez and Giotto. We have +long known that there is no German sculptor +of the first class nor a German sculptor that +is within ten thousand leagues of Rodin, +Michael Angelo or Phidias. We have long +known that Schubert and Schumann and +Rubinstein and Haydn and Chopin were all +Jews, and that three-fourths of the other so-called +German musicians were Jews whose +ancestors suffered such frightful political +disabilities in Germany and were so regularly +looted of all their property that they +gave up their Hebrew names and took German,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +just as now thousands upon thousands +of Germans in this country, ashamed of their +names, are Americanizing their family title.</p> + +<p>The simple fact is that if a Jew will only +write the creative music, like that of Beethoven, +a German whose gift is detail will +conduct the orchestra.</p> + +<p>The German can standardize a machine, +providing an Englishman, a Frenchman or +an American will first invent it. The German +will gather up the remnants and scraps +and odds and ends in a clothing factory—but, +oh, think of an American gentleman +having to wear the coat that was cut by a +tailor in Berlin or Munich! Having during +ten different summers looked at their garments, +all one can say is that the German +men and women are covered up but not +clothed.</p> + +<p>For thirty years the Germans have paid +their representatives to stand on the corner +of the street and bawl out to every passer-by: +"Great is the Kaiser! Great are we +Germans! Let all people with cymbals, +sackbut, shawms and psaltery cry aloud, saying +'Great is the Kaiser and all his people!'"</p> + +<p>And now suddenly the myth has burst like +a bubble. The delusion is exploded. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +Kaiser has found out that it is dangerous to +blow too much hot air into a German bladder.</p> + +<p>Measured around the stomach in the Hofbraus +in the presence of a barrel of beer, the +Prussian and the Bavarian are great; but +the hat band requires the least material of +any made in four countries.</p> + +<p>For the time has come to confess this simple +fact that for any one great tool, or art, +or contribution to science created by a German +there are four invented by either an +American, an Englishman or a Frenchman.</p> + + +<h3>4. German Intrigues</h3> + +<p>The spider's web stretched out over a +flower bed with a great fat spider at the +centre and the threads along which the +spider runs to thrust its poisoned sting into +the enmeshed butterfly is nature's most +accurate symbol of the vast web of espionage +lying over North and South America with +secret threads that vibrated to the touch of +the spider at the centre named Berlin.</p> + +<p>In that web thousands of German-Americans +were enmeshed. The records of our +Secret Service concerning these German<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> +enemies of the American Government read +like a book of assassinations or like a history +of the black arts. When the whole story +comes to be told it will horrify the world.</p> + +<p>The quality of the German-Americans that +Berlin bribed is set forth in the reminiscences +of Witte when he says that the Kaiser and +the Foreign Department paid Munsterberg +of Harvard University $5,000 a year salary +and that Munsterberg was the most successful +and efficient spy that the German system +had ever developed.</p> + +<p>In the long list of German agents are to +be found the names of German-American +bankers who received secret decorations and +medals from the German Government; of +German merchants who were partners in this +country of firms in the Fatherland and were +bribed by a ribbon and an invitation to the +Potsdam Palace; of German newspaper men +who were under German pay, and, most +amazing of all, among the papers seized in +the office of a German Consul was found a +commission appointing this Consul in an +American city to the office of Governor-General +of one of the greatest States of +Canada as soon as Canada became a German +colony.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> + +<p>Many of the threads from Berlin ran into +the various cities of Mexico. A German +head office was set up under the general +direction of Zimmermann in Berlin and of +von Bernstorff in Washington. Certain +large institutions that did business in Mexico, +working in the same field, were quietly +elbowed out of Mexico, and an American +company, ostensibly American, but controlled +by Germans, took over the business +of the other firms under special arrangement +with Mexico. Pledges were given Mexico +that as soon as Germany had reduced Canada +and the United States to the position of +German colonies, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, +Nevada and California should be +handed back to the Mexicans.</p> + +<p>Millions were spent by the German Foreign +Office as ordinary men spend dollars. The +German spies, like Boy-Ed and von Papen, +arranged to blow up American munition +factories and held dinners waiting for a +telephone message saying that the magazine +had just exploded or the depot had taken +fire or a scow had been sunk, after which +they drank the health of the man who +lighted the match.</p> + +<p>German agents burned up wheat elevators<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +with hundreds of millions of dollars' worth +of wheat; they fired warehouses, blew up +bridges, wrecked munition plants, destroyed +shiploads of food, dynamited the House of +Parliament in Ottawa, sank the <i>Lusitania</i> +near Ireland, spread glanders among the +horses in Sweden, poisoned the food in +Rumania, sank the ships of Norway, plotted +against the Argentine Republic. Their +spies, dynamiters, secret agents, were in +every capital and country because it was +their purpose to make Berlin a world capital, +Kaiser Wilhelm the world emperor and to +Germanize the people of the whole earth.</p> + +<p>The web had as its centre the Potsdam +Palace, but its black lines ran out into all +the earth.</p> + + +<h3>5. German Burglars Loaded With Loot +Are the More Easily Captured</h3> + +<p>It seems that Germany has published, for +the Spaniards, a list of treasures she has won. +In the long calendar the reader finds that +eight States—Belgium, France, Poland, Rumania, +Russia, Serbia, Armenia, Italy—have +all been looted.</p> + +<p>The Germans claim they have spoiled over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +three hundred first class cities, several thousand +secondary cities and towns; they add +that they have destroyed seventy-three +cathedrals and looted them of their priceless +treasures of statues, paintings, stained glass, +vessels of silver and gold.</p> + +<p>With brazen audacity the German pamphlet +tells the Spaniards that they have seized +so many hundred thousand watches, so many +hundred thousand rings, so much treasure of +diamonds and jewels, so many paintings +from rich men's houses, and the long boast +ends with the statement that they "obtained +nearly five billions of loot out of western +Russia and have assessed two billions more +upon the farmers, villages and cities of +Ukraine."</p> + +<p>But the boast is an idle and empty boast. +It is true that no army of the Allies has +crossed the German frontier to permanently +hold a city. But let no man think that Germany +has succeeded because of the richness +of her loot. There is a success that is failure. +There is a victory that is defeat.</p> + +<p>Macbeth killed Duncan and went to live +in the palace of the dead king, but did +Macbeth succeed? Was not his palace a +brief halting place in his journey towards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +remorse, insanity and the day when Duncan's +friends in turn slew Macbeth?</p> + +<p>The rich judges of Athens succeeded and +Socrates failed. They went home to drink +wine and feast, while Socrates went to the +jail to drink a cup of poison. But who +succeeded? The judges whose names are +written low down and bespattered with +dirt—or Socrates, whose name fills the sky +and who has become the thinker for the +world?</p> + +<p>What if the Kaiser does boast of his +successes to-day? So boasted Nero—sending +Paul to his rags, crusts and the dungeon +preparatory to the headman's axe. But it is +Nero that lost out, and it is Paul who reigns +a crowned king.</p> + +<p>The chief priests celebrated their victory; +at the close of the day, after they had succeeded +in crucifying Jesus; but after nineteen +centuries the murderers are unknown +and almost forgotten, while that young carpenter +rules over His Empire of Love.</p> + +<p>To-day the Kaiser claims to have won the +victory of "a superman." In that he has +carried murder, arson, lying, rapine, lust up +to the <i>nth</i> power, let us concede his claim. +Not otherwise two hundred years ago the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> +Indian, with his scalping knife, his war-whoop +and his tomahawk, was "a superman" in +terms of savagery. Not otherwise the +Spaniards under Bloody Alva were "supermen" +in terms of rack, thumbscrew and instruments +of torture.</p> + +<p>But what savages once did in the little, +the Kaiser and his men now do in the large. +But because the Kaiser can publish a long +list of wealth gained—by breaking his +treaties, by murder, arson and lust—let no +man think that he is successful.</p> + +<p>The two Biddle brothers looted the Bank +of England, but they became outcasts upon +the face of the earth, and always the +dungeon yawned for them, just as the +Kaiser and von Hindenburg never sleep at +night without a vision of an oak tree, a long +bough and a hemp rope dangling at the end, +for the hemp is now twisted that will one +day choke to death the murderous Kaiser +and his War Staff.</p> + +<p>Let no patriot, whether he lives in Spain, +Russia or the United States, forget that ours +is a world ruled by men who were defeated.</p> + +<p>To-day on the thrones of the world are +the heroes, like Paul and Demosthenes; the +martyrs who were burned with Savonarola<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +in Florence or poisoned with Socrates in +Athens.</p> + +<p>To-day, the soldiers of Marathon and +Marston Moor, Gettysburg and the Marne +now rule the world.</p> + +<p>The treasure of the burglar and the brigand +dissolves like snowflakes in a river.</p> + +<p>Long ago the Hebrew poet said: "I have +seen the wicked flourish like a green bay +tree, and then I lifted up my eyes, and, behold! +he was not." And when a little time +has passed all lovers of liberty and humanity +will exclaim: "During four years I have +seen the Kaiser and von Hindenburg flourish +as the green bay tree, and I lifted up mine +eyes, and, behold! they were not. For the +breath of His nostrils had slain them."</p> + + +<h3>6. Germans Who Hide Behind the +Screen</h3> + +<p>Two thousand years are a long time in +terms of history.</p> + +<p>Many damnable tools have been invented +during these twenty centuries. The rack, +the thumbscrew, the tomahawk, the fagot +belong among these devilish instruments.</p> + +<p>Cruelties so terrible have been devised<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +that old scholars often felt unwilling to believe +that men were so low in the scale as to +have been the authors of these methods of +fiendishness.</p> + +<p>In the hope, therefore, of keeping respect +for man many scholars transferred all responsibility +unto devils. They called in +Satan and made him to be the father of hate +and cruelty. They could not believe that +Nero, Judas or Torquemada could conceive +such wickedness. They therefore made the +devil with his cloven feet and his long tail to +whisper these cunning suggestions in the ear +of the traitor. Thus the responsibility for +unwonted cruelty was divided between the +murderer and the devil who counselled the +black crime.</p> + +<p>Perhaps the most damnable thing that was +ever suggested by the devil in two thousand +years is this little object called the German +soldier's token. Never did an object so small +send forth cruelties so large and manifold.</p> + +<p>The little disc is stamped out on thick +paper for German privates and upon aluminum +for the officers. At the top of this +cardboard is the portrait of that awful being +called by the Kaiser "our good old German +God."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p> + +<p>Look at his white hair, the long beard and +the great sword in the right hand, with the +suggestion that since God uses the sword the +German soldier must cut men to pieces also.</p> + +<p>Beneath you see flames gushing up, suggesting +to the German soldier that he is +quite right in burning the houses of France +and Belgium after he has looted them, and +for flinging the dead bodies into the blazing +rafters. Now read the words written beneath +the face of the being the Germans call +God.</p> + +<p>"Strike them all dead. The Day of +Judgment shall ask you no questions."</p> + +<p>Strike dead old men and women! Dash +the children's brains out against the stone +wall! Violate young girls! Mutilate their +fair bodies so that they will be unseemly +when they are found by the husband or +father. Burn, steal, kill—but remember +that your Kaiser and the War Staff have +promised to stand between you and God +Almighty and the Day of Judgment! Even +if Jesus did say, "Woe unto them that +offend against my little ones," you must remember +that your Kaiser and officers have +promised you immunity on the Day of Judgment.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p> + +<p>That is what is meant by the sentence on +page thirty-one in the German handbook of +"War on Land": "That which is permissible +to the German soldier is anything whatsoever +that will help him gain his goal +quickly."</p> + +<p>Nothing better illustrates the total collapse +of manhood in the Germans than this +soldier's token.</p> + +<p>A coward by nature, the German is afraid +to kill and steal, and so he invented a screen +behind which he could hide and named it +"the soldier's token."</p> + +<p>Going into a French village the Germans +collect the women and children, order them +to march in advance, shoot a few to terrorize +the rest, and then, hiding behind this living +screen, the Germans march forward. In +this way they protect themselves.</p> + +<p>The whole history of the human race contains +no chapter of atrocity like the atrocity +of the Germans. The history of the world +contains no story of cowardice so black and +damnable as the cowardice of the Germans. +Out of cowardice the soldier's token was +born.</p> + +<p>And so the Kaiser and the War Staff invented +this round piece of cardboard, with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> +the representation of God as going forth +with His sword to kill men and with His +flames to burn them and with the motto: +"Strike them all dead, for the Day of +Judgment will ask you no questions."</p> + +<p>Therefore among the instruments of +cruelty, called the rack, the fagot, the +thumbscrew and the tomahawk, let us give +the first place to the German soldier's token, +the most damnable weapon that has come +out of hell during the last two thousand +years.</p> + + +<h3>7. Must German Men Be Exterminated?</h3> + +<p>A singular revulsion of sentiment as to +what must be done with the German army +after the war, is now sweeping over the civilized +world. Men who once were pacifists, +men of chivalry and kindness, men whose +life has been devoted to philanthropy and +reform, scholars and statesmen, whose very +atmosphere is compassion and magnanimity +towards the poor and weak, are now uttering +sentiments that four years ago would +have been astounding beyond compare. +These men feel that there is no longer +any room in the world for the German.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +Society has organized itself against the +rattlesnake and the yellow fever. Shepherds +have entered into a conspiracy to exterminate +the wolves. The Boards of Health +are planning to wipe out typhoid, cholera +and the Black Plague. Not otherwise, lovers +of their fellow man have finally become +perfectly hopeless with reference to the +German people. They have no more relations +to the civilization of 1918 than an +orang-outang, a gorilla, a Judas, a hyena, a +thumbscrew, a scalping knife in the hands +of a savage. These brutes must be cast out +of society.</p> + +<p>Some of us, hoping against hope, after the +reluctant confession of the truth of the German +atrocities, have appealed to education. +We knew that Tacitus said, nearly two thousand +years ago, that "the German treats +women with cruelty, tortures his enemies, +and associates kindness with weakness." But +nineteen centuries of education have not +changed the German one whit. The mere +catalogue of the crimes committed by German +officers and soldiers and set forth in +more than twenty volumes of proofs destroys +the last vestige of hope for their future. +Think of the catalogue! Babies nailed like<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> +rats to the doors of houses! Children skewered +on a bayonet midst the cheers of marching +Germans—as if the child were a quail, +skewered on a fork! Matrons, old men and +priests slaughtered; young Italian officers +with throats cut and hanging on hooks in +butchers' shops; the bombing of Red Cross +hospitals and nurses and the white flag; +everything achieved by civilized man defiled +and destroyed—reverence for childhood and +age, the sanctity of womanhood, the standards +of honour, fidelity to treaties and all +destroyed, not in a mood of drunkenness or +a fit of rage, but on a deliberate, cold, calculated +policy of German frightfulness.</p> + +<p>The sense of hopelessness as to civilizing +the German and keeping him as an element +in the new society grew out of the breakdown +of education and science in changing the +German of the time of Tacitus. Plainly the +time has come to make full confession of the +fact that education can change the size but +not the sort. The German in the time of +Tacitus was ignorant when he took the children +of his enemy and dashed their brains +out against the wall; the German of 1914 +and 1918 still butchers children, the only +difference being that the butchery is now<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +more efficient and better calculated, through +scientific cruelty, to stir horror and spread +frightfulness. The leopard has not changed +its spots. The rattlesnake is larger and has +more poison in the sac; the German wolf +has increased in size, and where once he tore +the throat of two sheep, now he can rend +ten lambs in half the time. In utter despair, +therefore, statesmen, generals, diplomats, +editors are now talking about the duty +of simply exterminating the German people. +There will shortly be held a meeting of surgeons +in this country. A copy of the preliminary +call lies before me. The plan to be +discussed is based upon the Indiana State +law. That law authorizes a State Board of +Surgeons to use upon the person of confirmed +criminals and hopeless idiots the new painless +method of sterilizing the men. These surgeons +are preparing to advocate the calling +of a world conference to consider the sterilization +of the ten million German soldiers, +and the segregation of their women, that +when this generation of German goes, civilized +cities, states and races may be rid of +this awful cancer that must be cut clean out +of the body of society.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> +<h2 class="lu">THE BLACK<br /> +SOUL OF THE HUN</h2> + +<h2>III</h2> + + +<h3>1. German Barbarism Not Barbarism to +the German</h3> + +<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Strictly</span> speaking, the only man who +thoroughly understands the cruelty of +the Germans is the German himself. No +American or Englishman, no Belgian or +Frenchman has the gift of telepathy that +enables him to know what is going on in +the German mind that guides the German's +hand in committing his horrible atrocities. +Now and then, in a moment when he is off +guard, an occasional German reveals the explanation, +and we look in, just as John +Bunyan's pilgrim saw the door into Hades +opened by a little crack, through which he +looked upon the flames. Not otherwise was +it with that German in Baltimore, who +recently exposed the German mind, and +from the German view-point explained the +Germans in their hour of brutality.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p> + +<p>During a most intimate and personal conversation +with a banker, this German, the +other day, explained his people's atrocities +by saying that what is barbarism and +atrocities to England, France or the United +States is not barbarism at all to the Germans. +In proof of this astounding statement +the German gave this personal incident of +his boyhood. He said that in his gymnasium +there was another boy who had something +that he wanted. When the opportunity +came, being the stronger, he jumped upon +the other boy, beat him up terribly and +made him a cripple for life. On reaching +his home he showed his parents what he had +stolen, and he was patted on the back, +praised for his might with his fists, and told +that that was the method he was to follow +in after life.</p> + +<p>He insisted that this sort of thing was +drilled into every German boy, and for that +reason it never once even occurred to him +that he had done wrong. "After I became +a man I settled in America, and as I came to +understand the spirit of American civilization +it grew upon me that I had committed a +crime, and now for twenty-two years, as +some atonement for my sin, I have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +supporting that crippled man and his +widowed mother."</p> + +<p>The modern banker has become a sort of +confessor, and to the banker many sins are +revealed as once to the priest. Nothing is +more significant than this German confession +and his philosophy of the German atrocity. +In his own written letter concerning that +crime of his boyhood this German adds: +"Had I remained in Germany no one would +ever have thought of suggesting to me that +I had done wrong, and it would never have +entered into my head that I was under any +obligation to the man I had maimed. In +the light of American civilization I understand +the difference, and I am seeking to +atone for my sin, but all Germans have been +taught, as I was taught. The Germans, +therefore, in their campaign of frightfulness, +are committing deeds which from the view-point +of American civilization are barbarous, +but from the view-point of Germans are not +crimes at all."</p> + +<p>The significance of this frank confession of +a German, his story of how America had redeemed +his soul out of the spirit of force and +cruelty into the spirit of kindness, humanity +and justice, reveals more of the real nature<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> +of the German beast and the Potsdam gang +than a thousand volumes on the philosophy +of German atrocities. The simple fact is +that the crimes of the Germans are abominable +atrocities to us, but that intellectually +and morally the German officer and soldier +simply do not know what we mean by our +horror and the wave of moral indignation +that has swept over the earth. Jesse Pomeroy +used to pull canary birds apart, and +tortured children to death. But the boy +was deficient in the nerve of humanity. He +simply stared with blank eyes when the +judge and the jury condemned him. He +was incapable of knowing what the excitement +over the dead body was about. On +the side of compassion and humanity the +German is, as it were, colour blind, is without +musical sense, and the nerves of kindness +and humanity are atrophied. The ordinary +German prisoner when shown the bodies left +behind after the flight of the German army +simply looks blankly at the mutilated corpse +and exclaims: "Well, what of it? Why +not? Why shouldn't we?" and shrugs his +shoulders, taking it as a matter of course. +That is another reason why a great number +of American business men, bankers, merchants,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +manufacturers, scholars, statesmen, +have reluctantly been forced to the conviction +that the ten millions of German soldiers +should be painlessly sterilized, that the German +people (saving only the remnant who +accept Jesus' idea of compassion and kindness +towards God's poor and weak) should be +allowed to die out of the world. Re-read, +therefore, what this German has said about +the teaching of his German parents and the +German people in praise of cruelty, and how +for twenty years now, redeemed by life in +the United States, he has tried to make +atonement by supporting the man whom he +had crippled, and also his mother. Who +shall explain to us the reason why German +barbarism is not barbarism to the Germans? +Why, this German shall explain it, through +his personal experience as a criminal. But +the day will come when the Potsdam gang +and ten million German soldiers will stand +before the judgment seat of God. And +what shall be the verdict then pronounced? +You will find it in the New Testament: +"'Out of thine own mouth will I judge +thee,' thou wicked and cruel German!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>2. The German "Science of Lying"</h3> + +<p>For the first time in history a nation has +organized lying into a science and taught +deceit as an art.</p> + +<p>At the very time when the diplomats of +the world have refused any form of secrecy +and insist upon publishing all international +treaties and doing everything in the open, +Germany has organized lying into a national +science. Even Maximilian Harden, editor of +<i>Zukunft</i>, openly acknowledges this in one of +his editorials reproduced in the papers of +Denmark and Holland.</p> + +<p>Harden comes right out in the open. He +tells the German people that at the beginning +of the war it was necessary to say to +the world that Germany was fighting a defensive +war, that her back was against the +wall, that those wicked enemies named England +and France, Russia and Belgium were +leaping upon her like wolves.</p> + +<p>Of course, says Harden, at first that was +good diplomacy, but now that we are successful, +"Why say this any longer? Let +the Kaiser and his Chancellor tell the world +plainly that we decided upon this war<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> +twenty-five years ago; that during all of +these years we were preparing cannons and +shells; that we drilled ten million men +against 'Der Tag'; that we wanted this +war, that we planned this war, that we +forced this war and that we are proud of it."</p> + +<p>With one stroke Harden has torn off the +mask. He exhibits the Kaiser as the prince +of liars. If his words mean anything, they +mean that what has long been surmised is +absolutely true, namely, that Germany wished +some one would kill the Austrian Prince and +Princess so as to start the war, for which +Berlin had prepared everything, down to the +last buckle on the harness of the horses.</p> + +<p>General von Bissing is not less open. +Dying men are not apt to tell lies. When +he saw that the end was coming the Governor-General +of Belgium prepared what he +called his "last will and testament."</p> + +<p>As a close and intimate friend of the +Kaiser, he left a letter with his will asking +the German Government carefully to consider +his wishes. He says plainly that all of +the statements that Berlin never intended to +annex Belgium were pure camouflage. He +urges the Berlin office to flatly declare its +purpose never to give up a foot of the Belgian<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> +coast nor an acre of the conquered territory +of north France and Belgium.</p> + +<p>"It is of no consequence," he says, "that +we have given a solemn pledge not to annex +Belgium. Why not tell the world that we +will have failed in the one thing for which +we set out if we evacuate Belgium? We +need Belgium's coast line for our shipping."</p> + +<p>He adds that Germany has used twenty-three +million tons of Belgian coal and has +taken as much more iron ore out of France's +basin in Briey. "We cannot live and compete +with France and England if we give up +the coal and iron mines that we have conquered +and the harbours that we have won."</p> + +<p>Having affirmed, therefore, that the German +Government lied at the beginning in +claiming that they entered Belgium fighting +a defensive warfare, General von Bissing +cast about for some one behind whom he can +hide as a screen and who can be used as an +authority for lying. He finds his guide and +leader in "The Prince," written by Machiavelli. +That book has often been called +the treatise on the art of lying. Never was +such cunning exhibited. Never was the +father of lies invoked with such skill as by +the German leaders. In their sight truth is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> +contemptible, kindness is weakness, honour is +a figment.</p> + +<p>But the individual, the city, or the empire +that builds its life on lies builds its house on +sand. Soon the rains will descend and the +floods come, the winds will blow, and the +house will fall, and great will be the fall of +it.</p> + +<p>The German is like a thirsty man who +tries to quench his thirst by drinking scalding +water. He is like a hungry man who +tries to satisfy his appetite by eating red-hot +coals.</p> + + +<h3>3. The Malignity of the German Spies</h3> + +<p>Disturbed by many events in their city, +the Secret Service men guard very carefully +the speakers for the Liberty Loan, the Red +Cross or the Y. M. C. A. hut work. Fearing +lest some German agent might injure the +good name of their town, the Secret Service +men of a certain community recently told the +following incident, merely as a warning to +all public speakers who might, by their +words, arouse the enmity of half-balanced +German fanatics. Because it was intended +to put us all upon our guard, and because<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +no interest could possibly be injured, but +many persons be benefited, the incident is +here set forth in detail. The speaker was +a young lawyer, of position, influence and +fine education, who was serving his country +during the period of the war.</p> + +<p>"One morning I received my assignment +through a sealed envelope. Experience told +me that I was to take up the work of some +other Secret Service man and complete the +task. Of course, one Secret Service man +does not know who else is in the service. +Since the war began we go by numbers, +rather than by our names. When I opened +my envelope I found these directions: 'Go +to No. —— ——. Wait until there is no +customer in the tobacco store. Then put +down on the counter two ten-cent pieces, and +say to the woman, "I want that package of +green leaf tobacco." When you have left +the store, open the package, and you will +find full directions therein.' I followed the +instructions strictly, and out on the street I +opened the package, and found a large key +and a small one, with these words written: +'Go to No. so-and-so (mentioning a third-class +little apartment house in one of the +worst districts in the city). The large key<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +will open room No. 14. The small key will +open a little writing table in the room. In +the drawer of that table you will find full +directions.'</p> + +<p>"I soon found the apartment house, +climbed to the second floor, found my large +key turning in the lock, and the small key +opened the drawer in the desk. In that +drawer I found these words: 'The man we +want is in the adjoining room. He will +come in about seven o'clock, but he may not +come until eleven or twelve. It is important +that we have his testimony. Don't wound +him seriously or kill him. You will find a +hole bored through the door between your +room and his. That hole is filled with +putty, but underneath the putty is wax. +Warm the wire in the drawer in the gas +jet and melt the wax.'</p> + +<p>"I waited until eleven o'clock for the man +to come in. For a while he sat on the bed, +with his back towards me. He was reading. +Finally he lifted his pillow to shake it up, +and I caught sight of a big revolver under +the pillow. For several reasons I decided +to do nothing until he had fallen asleep. I +kept my ear glued to that little hole for one +hour after he turned out his light. When<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> +he was sleeping soundly I went into the hall, +with my skeleton key turned the lock in the +door, and then with my lantern in the left +hand and my revolver in the right made one +bound into the room, struck my light and +my revolver into his face under the light +and shouted: 'Hands up!' Within three +minutes I had him handcuffed and within +ten had him bound. In that room, when +the police came at my call, we found enough +chemicals and powerful explosives to have +blown up the entire block. In his satchel +were found incriminating letters, secret documents, +and, with their help, we soon landed +the entire crowd. All have now been taken +care of. Their flames were stamped out before +they were kindled." That one incident +was only one of a series of closely-related +dramatic events. Outwardly, life in that +city is very safe, simple and straightforward, +but as to the forces of evil, the anarchists, +the I. W. W.'s and German plotters the patriot +can only say that but for the Secret +Service and the police and the Department +of Justice, society could not go on for one +single month.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>4. The Cancer in the Body-Politic of +Germany</h3> + +<p>To-day, physicians and surgeons count the +cancer man's deadliest enemy. Every year +this baffling disease takes large and larger +toll of human life. From time to time experts +come together to plan its limitation, +but meanwhile the terrible disease increases. +Addressing a company of experts recently, +a great physician exclaimed: "Even if we +can stop its growth by radium, it still remains +for us to get rid of the growth itself. +There seems to be no way to lift the evil +cells out save through the knife, after which +nature must heal the wound. Science knows +no other way." Plainly, no magic can be +invoked. No miracle assists the surgeon. +His one recourse is to the knife, and after +that the healing forces of nature.</p> + +<p>Let us confess that the knife has a large +place in the extermination of social diseases. +Militarism is a cancer on the German body-politic, +just as slavery was once a cancer +fastened on the fair body of the great South. +That disease had fastened itself upon the +South many years before the Civil War. +Like a cancer, it spread its roots throughout<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +the whole social and economic structure of +the Southern States. It poisoned trade. Its +virus was in the body of law. It destroyed +kindness and sympathy for the weak. +Slavery debased the poor white working-man. +It made the white fathers of mulatto +children so cruel that they sold their own +flesh and blood. Overseers became brutes. +Slave drivers stood up and bid upon their +own children in the auction markets. Slowly +the disease spread. Men became alarmed. +They tried everything excepting the knife +held in the hand of war surgeons. Clay +recognized the cancer in the body politic. +He proposed compromise as a poultice. +Garrison and Phillips proposed the amputation +of the diseased limb. John Brown tried +to put sulphuric acid upon the sore spots and +eat it out through the flames of insurrection. +Lincoln knew that it was a case of life or +death. The Republic could not endure half +slave and half free. All measures failed. +Finally the god of war went forth and lifted +a knife heated red hot and cut the foul +cancer out of the body and saved the fair +South. When many years had passed nature +healed the wound and saved the life of the +Republic.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span></p> + +<p>Germany, Austria and Turkey to-day are +patients in a world hospital. It is plain that +they are stricken with death. The foul +cancer of militarism has fastened itself upon +Germany. The cancer of autocracy is eating +into the vitals of Austria. The cancer +of polygamy is enmeshed in the life of +Turkey. Of late the disease has been +spreading. Now these surgeons, named +Foch, Haig and Pershing, have been +anointed by the ointment of war black and +sulphurous, and, lifting their scalpel, these +men have been ordained to cut out the foul +growth from the body-politic of Germany. +Perchance there is still enough vital force +left therein to heal the wound after the +disease has been removed. Meanwhile, the +sick man of Turkey struggles. The patient +hates the knife. The diseased body will not +have the only instrument that holds possible +cure, and yet, despite all his struggle, the +disease must come out. Slowly the surgical +process goes on. One root at Verdun was +cut, and now another is being sundered in the +West. Much blood flows, but the blood is +black and foul. Every cell in the German +body-politic seems to be diseased. Medicines +must be found. The stimulants of sound<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +ethics and morals must be invoked—after +that it is a question of the recuperative +forces of intellect and conscience in the German +people. These forces alone can heal +the wound left after the foul cancer has been +cut away. To-day, men with a large mind, +blessed with magnanimity, kindness and +good-will must stay their hearts upon history, +that shows us that in the past in our own +country slavery was a cancer cut out by the +surgeons of war, and that after a long time +the great South recovered its health, its +beauty and its usefulness.</p> + + +<h3>5. Polygamy and the Collapse of the +Family in Germany</h3> + +<p>The unexpected influences of this war +upon Germany herself is a striking consideration. +Few men anticipated the far-off results +of the Kaiser's alliance with the Sultan +and his polygamous philosophy. During the +past two years the German newspapers, +magazines and debates in the Reichstag have +been filled with startling suggestions concerning +the family. The <i>Berliner Lokalanzeiger</i>, +on March 7, 1916, published a statement +urging that "every girl should be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> +given the right on reaching twenty-five +years to have one child born out of wedlock, +for which she should receive from the state +an annual allowance."</p> + +<p>Dr. Krohne, in his address before the +House, says: "The decline of the birth rate +in Germany has proceeded three times as fast +as in the preceding twenty-five years. No +civilized nation has hitherto experienced so +large a decline in so short a time. Our annual +number of births falls already to-day by +560,000 below what we had a right to expect. +We should have to-day 2,500,000 +more inhabitants than we have." Commenting +thereupon, the <i>Berliner Lokalanzeiger</i> +demands that "illegitimate children should +be put socially and morally on a level with +the legitimate."</p> + +<p>When, therefore, the Kaiser cast about for +an alliance with some man who could be his +bosom friend and could love what he loves, +the Kaiser chose the Sultan with his polygamy +and the Moslem teaching with its +harem. No British or French officer, therefore, +was surprised when documents like the +following began to be found on the dead +bodies of young German officers. This document +is a verbatim and absolutely accurate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +copy of one of the many now deposited in +the various departments of Justice and the +War Departments in Havre and Paris:</p> + +<p>"Soldiers, a danger assails the Fatherland +by reason of its dwindling birth rate. The +cradles of Germany are empty to-day; it is +your duty to see that they are filled. You +bachelors, when your leave comes, marry at +once the girl of your choice. Make her your +wife without delay. The Fatherland needs +healthy children. You married men and +your wives should put jealousy from your +minds and consider whether you have not +also a duty to the Fatherland. You should +consider whether you may not honourably +contract an alliance with one of the million +of bachelor women. See if your wife will +not sanction the relation. Remember, all of +you, the empty cradles of Germany must be +filled.</p> + +<p>"Your name has been given us as a capable +man, and you are herewith requested to +take on this office of honour, and to do your +duty in a proper German way. It must here +be pointed out that your wife or fiancée will +not be able to claim a divorce. It is, in fact, +hoped that the women will bear this discomfort +heroically for the sake of the war. You<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +will be given the district of ——. Should +you not feel capable of carrying on the task +allotted to you, you will be given three days +on which to name some one in your place. +On the other hand, if you are prepared to +take on a second district as well you will become +'drekoffizier' and receive a pension. +An exhibition of photographs of women and +maidens in the district allotted to you is to +be seen at the office of ——. You are +requested to bring this letter with you."</p> + +<p>This is an amazing document. Plainly the +German family has broken down. But no +household can be built on free love in 1918, +just as no stone building can be erected on +hay, stubble or sand. The German family +has gone, and German society is tottering +towards its final ruin.</p> + + +<h3>6. The Red-Hot Swords in Sister Julie's +Eyes</h3> + +<p>The history of heroism holds nothing finer +than the story of Sister Julie, decorated by +the French Government with the Cross of +the Legion of Honour. She lived in the little +village of Gerbéviller, now called "Gerbéviller +the Martyred." On August 27th the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +French army broke the line of the German +Crown Prince and compelled the Huns' retreat. +General Clauss was ordered to go +northeast and dig in on the top of the ridge +some twelve miles north of Gerbéviller. The +Germans reached the village at nine o'clock +in the morning, and by half-past twelve they +had looted all the houses and were ready +to burn the doomed city. The incendiary +wagons were filled with the firebrands +stamped 1912. Beginning at the southern +end of the village, the German officers and +soldiers looted every house, shop, store and +public building, and then set fire to the town. +At last they came to the extreme northern +end, where a few houses and the little hospital +over which Sister Julie had charge, +were still standing.</p> + +<p>About noon a German colonel with the +blazing firebrand in his right hand stood in +front of Sister Julie's house. It has been +said that there are flaming swords in the +eyes of every good woman. In that terrible +hour the face of Sister Julie proved the +proverb. She told the German officer that +these few houses that were left were filled +with wounded French soldiers, with here +and there a wounded German. The Hun<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +answered that his men would remove the +Germans who were wounded, but that the +buildings must be fired. Behind him were +several hundred buildings blazing like one +fiery furnace. Sister Julie stood squarely +across the path of the Hun. "While I live +you shall not enter. You shall not kill these +dying men. I swear it by this crucifix! +Your hands are already red with blood. +God dwells within this house. Look at this +figure of Jesus, who said, 'Woe unto him +that offends against one of my little ones. +These shall go away into everlasting hell.' +I myself will bear witness against you. You +have murdered our fifteen old men. All +their lives long these old men did us good +and not evil. Look at the little girls you +have slain. God Himself will strike you +dead." General Clauss stood dumb. He +was embarrassed beyond all words. Fear +also got hold upon him. He turned and +disappeared into a group of his soldiers. +Two or three minutes passed by. A German +colonel came to Sister Julie. He told +her that the houses used for wounded soldiers +would be spared by General Clauss +provided Sister Julie would agree to continue +her ministrations to the wounded Germans<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> +lying in her hospital. As General +Clauss already knew that this had already +been done, and would be, the Germans +marched away, leaving the hospital buildings +uninjured. It was a victory of the soul +of a noble woman.</p> + +<p>One morning last summer Sister Julie +showed her decorations. Her face was kind, +gentle and motherly. Her atmosphere was +peace and serenity. She seemed a tower of +strength. It must have been easy for dying +French boys in those rooms to have identified +Sister Julie with Mary the Mother, who +saw her son dying on the cross. Later on +we met an aged woman of martyred Gerbéviller. +She had been nursing in the hospital +and had stood behind Sister Julie when +she forbade General Clauss to light the firebrands. +"What did Sister Julie say?" we +asked the old woman. "Oh, sir, I do not +know, and yet I do know. She told them +that she would ask God to strike them dead. +In that moment I was afraid of her. She +seemed to me more to be feared than General +Clauss and all his wicked army. I can +tell you what our good priest says about +Sister Julie." "And what is that?" The +old woman could not quote the verse accurately,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +but from what she said we were soon +guided to a chapter in the old Bible, and +there was the verse that described Sister +Julie, with arms uplifted at the door of her +hospital and denying access to General +Clauss. The verse was this: "And lo! an +angel with a flaming sword stood at the gate +and kept the garden."</p> + + +<h3>7. The Hidden Dynamite; the Hun's +Destruction of Cathedrals</h3> + +<p>In one group of ruined cellars that was +once a splendid French city, there is a beautiful +building standing. It is rich with the +art and architecture of the sixteenth century. +The lines are most graceful and the structure +is the fulfillment of Keats' line: "A thing +of beauty is a joy forever." Such a building +belongs not to the French nation, but to +the whole human race. An architect like +the man who planned this noble building is +born only once in a thousand years. Every +visitor to that ruined town asks himself this +question: "Why did the Germans allow this +building to remain?" An incident of the +story of Bapaume throws a flood of light +upon the problem.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p> + +<p>One year ago, when the Germans were retreating +from Bapaume, they looted every +house, burned or dynamited every building +save the Hôtel de Ville. That city hall the +Germans left standing in all its majesty and +beauty. In front of the building they +placed a placard containing in substance the +statement that they left this building as a +monument to Germany's love of art and +architecture.</p> + +<p>Secretly, however, in the cellar of this +noble building the Germans buried several +tons of dynamite. To this dynamite they +attached a seven-day clock. They set the +seven-day clock to explode at eleven o'clock +one week after the Germans had retreated. +These beasts worked out the theory that the +largest possible number of British and French +officers and public men would be inspecting +the building at that hour of the day.</p> + +<p>The plot was successful. Their devilish +cunning was rewarded and their hate glutted. +The clock struck the detonator, the dynamite +exploded, blew the building and the +visitors into atoms. Standing in the ruined +public square, one sees nothing but that +great shell pit where the earth opened up its +mouth and swallowed a monument builded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> +to beauty and grandeur. This other building, +therefore, that stands in the city fifty +miles to the south of Bapaume is there for +the sole reason that the seven-day clock +failed to explode the dynamite—not because +of any love of architecture that possessed the +Germans. It is there to tell us that some +part of the mechanism of death failed to +connect.</p> + +<p>In analyzing the German mind nothing is +more certain than the fact that they lack a +fine sense of humour and are often quite +devoid of imagination.</p> + +<p>As for sculpture, nothing can be more +hideous than the statues of the fifteen +Prussian kings that do not decorate, but +simply vulgarize, the avenue leading towards +Magdeburg. The vast broad statue of +Hindenburg, to which the Germans come to +drive nails and scratch their names in lead +pencils, reminds one of the occasional public +buildings in this country defaced by thoughtless +and vulgar boys. Nor is there anything +in the world as ugly as the German sculptor's +statue of the present Kaiser out at Potsdam +Palace, unless it be the statue of an Indian +in front of a tobacco store down in Smithville, +Indian Territory, though even this is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +doubtful. It hardly seems possible that one +earth only 7,000 miles in diameter could hold +two statues as ugly as that of the Kaiser!</p> + +<p>It is this singular lack of imagination and +failure to understand the beautiful that explains +the systematic destruction by the +German army of the glorious cathedrals, the +fourteenth century churches, libraries, châteaux +and hôtels des villes that were the +glory and beauty of France.</p> + +<p>"If we cannot have these vineyards and +orchards," said the Germans, "Frenchmen +shall not have them."</p> + +<p>So they turned the land into a desert. +Not otherwise the German seems to feel +that if he cannot build structures as beautiful +as these glorious buildings in France that he +will not leave one of them standing.</p> + +<p>Next to the Parthenon in Athens and +St. Peter's in Rome, perhaps the world's +best loved and most admired building was +the Cathedral of Rheims. There Joan of +Arc crowned Charles IX; there for centuries +the noblest men of France had gone +to receive their offices and their honours. A +building that belonged to the world. What +treasures of beauty for the whole human +race in the thousand and more statues in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +cathedral! How priceless the twelfth-century +stained glass! What paintings which +have come down from the masters of Italy! +Whoever visited the library and the Cardinal's +palace without exclaiming: "What +beautiful missals! What illuminated manuscripts?"</p> + +<p>Fully conscious of the fact that they were +impotent to produce such treasures the Germans, +unable to get closer to the cathedral +than four miles, determined to destroy them. +Day after day they bombed the noble +cathedral. Gone now, too, the great stone +roof! Fallen the flying buttresses, ruined +the chapels. Perished all the tapestries, the +rugs and the laces. Water stands in puddles +on the floor. The cathedral is a blackened +shell.</p> + +<p>The victim of grievous ingratitude, King +Lear, was turned out into the snow and hail +by his wicked daughters; and the white-haired +old king wandered through the blackness +of the night beneath the falling hail. +And, lo! the Cathedral of Rheims is a King +Lear in architecture—broken, wounded, exposed +to the hails of the autumn and the +snow of the winter, through the coarseness +and vandalism of the Germans.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p> + +<p>The German Foreign Minister put it all in +one word: "Let the neutrals cease their +everlasting chatter about the destruction of +Rheims Cathedral. All the paintings, statues +and cathedrals in the world are not so much +as one straw to the Germans over against +the gaining of our goal and the conquest of +their land."</p> + +<p>Never was a truer word spoken. The +German lacks the imagination and the gift +of the love of the beautiful. He would +prefer one bologna sausage factory and one +brewery to the Parthenon, with St. Peter's +and Rheims Cathedral thrown in.</p> + + +<h3>8. The German Sniper Who Hid Behind +the Crucifix</h3> + +<p>For hundreds of years the French peasants +have loved the crucifix. Many a beautiful +woman carries a little gold cross with the +figure of Jesus fastened thereto, and from +time to time draws it out to press the crucifix +to her lips. Even in the harvest fields and +beside the road, travellers find the carved +figure of the Saviour lifted up to draw poor, +ignorant and sinful men to His own level.</p> + +<p>One of the most glorious pieces of carving<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> +in France was wrought in walnut by a great +sculptor and lifted up on a tree in the midst +of an estate, where the peasants, resting from +their work, could refresh their souls by love +and faith and prayer.</p> + +<p>One day last summer, during the Teuton +advance, a German officer stood beneath +that divine figure. Mentally he marked the +place. That night when the darkness fell a +company of German officers returned to that +spot. One of them climbed up on the tree. +He found that the carved figure of Jesus +was life size.</p> + +<p>With the end of a rope a little platform +was drawn up level with the foot of the +crucifix. Two ropes were fastened to the +outstretched arms of the Saviour. Another +rope was fastened around the neck of Jesus, +until the platform was made safe. Then a +German sniper with his gun climbed up on +the platform. He laid his rifle upon the +shoulders of the Divine Figure, hiding his +body behind that of Jesus. The German officer +must have chuckled with satisfaction, +for he knew that he had found a screen behind +which a murderer might hide, and the +German villain was quite right in his +psychology.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p> + +<p>It was true that the French soldiers loved +that beautiful figure. To them the crucifix +was sacred. So beautiful were their ideals, +so lofty their spirit, so pure and high their +imagination, that they were incapable of conceiving +that a German could use the sacred +crucifix as a screen from which to send forth +his murderous hail.</p> + +<p>The green boughs of that tree hid the +little puff of smoke. From time to time a +French soldier would fall dead with a hole +through his forehead. Once a French officer +threw up his hands while the blood streamed +from his mouth and he pitched forward dead.</p> + +<p>At last the French soldiers understood. +There was a sniper behind Christ's cross. +The French could have turned their cannon +against that tree, but instead they simply +kept below the trench until the night fell. +Then in the darkness some French boys took +their lives in their hands and crawled on +hands and knees across No Man's Land. +Lying on their backs they cut the wires +above their heads.</p> + +<p>By some strange providence they dropped +safely into the German trench and crawled +ten yards beyond. Then they climbed into +the tree, removed that glorious crucifix with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> +the carved figure, brought it back in safety +and at daybreak turned their cannon on the +tree and blew the platform to pieces.</p> + +<p>Foul Huns had made a screen of that +sacred figure, but the French were not willing +to injure their ideals by shooting the +crucifix to pieces.</p> + +<p>To-day all the world despises the Germans. +Nothing is sacred to them. Their +souls are dead within them and when the +soul dies, everything dies.</p> + +<p>The German's body may live on for twenty +years, but you might as well pronounce the +funeral address to-day, for the soul of Germany +is dead. Nothing but a physical fighting +machine now remains.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile, France lives. Never were +her ideals so lofty and pure. That is why +the world loves France. She has kept faith +with her ideals.</p> + + +<h3>9. The Ruined Studio</h3> + +<p>I have in my possession several photographs +of a ruined studio. Some twenty or +thirty Germans dashed into a little French +village one day, and demanded at the point +of their automatic pistols the surrender by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +the women of their rings, jewelry, money +and their varied treasure. At the edge of +the village was a simple little summer-house, +in which one of the French artists had his +studio. He had been in that valley for three +months, sketching, and working very hard. +Knowing that they had but a little time in +which to do their work as vandals, the Huns +started to ruin the studio. With big knives +they cut the fine canvases into ruins. They +knocked down the marbles, and the bronzes; +the little bust from the hand of Rodin +was smashed with a hammer. The bronze +brought from Rome was pounded until the +face was ruined. One blow of the hammer +smashed the Chinese pottery, another broke +the plates and the porcelain into fragments. +Then every corner of the room was defiled, +and the pigs fled from their filthy stye. +Across one of the canvases the German +officer wrote the words, "This is my trademark." +And every other part of the canvas +was cut to ribbons with his knife. No more +convincing evidence of the real German character +can possibly be found than these photographs +of the interior of that ruined studio.</p> + +<p>Here we have the reason why the Kaiser +himself, who knew the German through and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> +through, called his people Huns. Long ago +the first Huns entered Italy. They found a +city of marble, ivory, and silver. They left +it a heap and a ruin. They had no understanding +of a palace; they did not know +what a picture meant, or a marble; they +were irritated by the superiority of the +Roman. What they could not understand +they determined to destroy. That is one of +the reasons why all the marbles and bronzes +that we have in Italy are marred and injured. +The head of Jupiter is cracked; the +Venus di Milo has no arms; Aphrodite has +been repaired with plaster; Apollo has lost +a part of his neck and one leg. From time +to time an old marble is dug up in a field, +where some ploughman has chanced upon +the treasure. Owners hid their beautiful +statues, ivories and bronzes, to save them +from the vandals. Unfortunately, the modern +Huns rushed into the French towns, +riding in automobiles, and sculptors and +painters had no time to hide their treasures. +The great cathedrals could not be hidden. +The Kaiser in one of his recent statements +boasted that he had destroyed seventy-three +cathedrals in Belgium and France. It is all +too true. From the beginning, the Cathedral<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> +of Rheims, dear to the whole world, and +glorious through the associations of Jeanne +d'Arc, was doomed, because the Germans, +having no treasure of their own, and incapable +of producing such a cathedral, determined +that France should not have that +treasure. The other day, in Kentucky, a +negro jockey came in at the tail end of +a race, ten rods behind his rival. That night, +the negro bought a pint of whiskey, and determined +to have vengeance, so he went out +at midnight, and cut the hamstrings of the +beautiful horse that had defeated his own +beast. Now that is precisely the spirit that +animated the German War Staff and the +men that have devastated France and Belgium, +and every man who has witnessed +these German crimes with his own eyes +will never be the same person again. His +whole attitude towards the Hun is an attitude +of horror and revulsion. A certain +noble anger burns within him, as burned that +noble passion in Dante against those criminals +who spoiled Florence of her treasures.</p> + + +<h3>10. Was This Murder Justified?</h3> + +<p>One raw, December day, in 1914, an +American gentleman, widely known as traveller<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +and correspondent, was in a hospital +in London, recovering from his wound, received +in Belgium. He was startled by the +appearance of an old Belgian priest, and a +young Belgian woman. The American author +was travelling in Belgium at the time +of the German invasion. Quite unexpectedly +he was caught behind the lines, near Louvain. +Having heard his statement, the German +officer recognized its truthfulness and +sincerity, and insisted that this American +scholar should be his guest at the Belgian +château of which he had just taken possession. +The German had already shot the +Belgian owner, and one or two of the servants, +who defended their master. To the +horror and righteous anger of the American, +the German officer took his place at the +head of the table, waved the American to +his seat, and ordered the young Belgian +woman to perform her duties as hostess. In +that tense moment, it was a matter of life +and death to disobey. That German officer +had his way, not only with the young Belgian +wife, half dazed, half crazed, wholly +broken in spirit, but with the American +whom he sent forward to Brussels.</p> + +<p>Plunged into the midst of many duties in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +connection with Americans and refugees who +had to be gotten out of Belgium into England, +this American author had to put aside +temporarily any plan for the release of that +young Belgian woman held in bondage. +Later, when he was wounded, the American +crossed to London for medical help. When +the old Belgian priest and that young woman +stood at the foot of his bed in the hospital +in London, all the events of that terrible +hour in the dining-room of the Belgian +château returned, and once more he lived +through that frightful scene. The purpose +of the visit soon became evident. The old +Belgian priest stated the problem. He began +by saying that God alone could take +human life since God alone could give it. +He urged that the sorrow of the young +woman's present was as nothing in comparison +to the loss of her soul should she be +guilty of infanticide. It was the plea of a +man who lived for the old ideals. His white +hair, his gentle face, his pure disinterested +spirit lent weight to his words. Then came +the statement of the young Belgian woman. +She told the American author of the dreadful +days and weeks that followed after his +departure, that every conceivable agony was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> +wrought upon her, and that now within a +few months, she must have a child by that +wicked German officer. She cried out that +the very babe would be unclean, that it +would be born a monster, that it was as if +she was bringing into the world an evil +thing, doomed in advance to direst hell. +That every day and every hour she felt that +poison was running through her veins. She +turned upon the old priest, saying, "You insist +that God alone gives life! Nay, no, no, no! +It was a German devil that gave me this +life that now throbs within my body! And +every moment I feel that that life is pollution. +German blood is poisoned blood. +German blood is like putrefaction and decay, +soiling my innermost life." The young +woman wept, prayed, plead, and finally in +her desperation cried out, "Then I decide +for myself! The responsibility is mine. I +alone will bear it." And out of the hospital +she swept with the dignity and beauty of the +Lady of Sorrows.</p> + +<p>A year later, in Paris, the French judge +and court cleared the young girl who choked +to death with a string the babe of the German +officer who had attacked her. But +since that time, all France and Belgium and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> +the lands where there are refugees are +discussing the question—Where does the +right lie? Has the French mother, cruelly +wounded, no right? And this foul thing +forced upon her a superior right? Which +path for the bewildered girl leads to peace? +Where does the Lord of Right stand? What +chance has a babe born of a beast, abhorred +and despised, when it comes into the world? +The women of the world alone can answer +this question.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span></p> +<h2 class="lu">IN FRANCE<br /> +THE IMMORTAL!</h2> + +<h2>IV</h2> + + +<h3>1. The Glory of the French Soldier's +Heroism</h3> + +<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">As</span> much as the German atrocities have +done to destroy our confidence in the +divine origin of the human soul, the French +soldiers have done to vindicate the majesty +and beauty of a soul made in the image of +God.</p> + +<p>I have seen French boys that were so +simple, brave and modest in their courage, +so beautiful in their spirit, as to make one +feel that they were young gods and not men. +One day, into one of the camps, came a +lawyer from Paris. He brought the news +of the revival of the Latin Quarter. For +nearly three years a shop near the Beaux +Arts had been closed. During all this time +the French soldier had been at the front. +When the first call came on that August day +he put up the wooden shutters, turned the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +key in the lock, and marched away to the +trenches.</p> + +<p>Said the lawyer: "I come from your +cousin. The Americans are here in Paris. +Your cousin says that if you will give me +the keys and authorize her to open the shop +she will take your place. She can recover +your business, and perhaps have a little store +of money for you when you have your 'permission' +or come home to rest. She tells +me that she is your sole relative." The +soldier shook his head, saying: "I never +expect to come home. I do not want to +come home. France can be freed only by +men who are ready to die for her. I do not +know where the key is. I do not know +what goods are in the shop. For three +years I have had no thought of it. I am +too busy to make money. There are other +things for me—fighting, and perhaps dying. +Tell my cousin that she can have the shop." +Then the soldier saluted and started back +towards his trench. "Wait! Wait!" cried +the attorney. Then he stooped down, wrote +hurriedly upon his knee, a little paper in +which the soldier authorized his cousin to +carry on the business, in his name. Scrawling +his name to the document, the soldier<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +ran towards the place where his heart was—the +place of peril, heroism and self-sacrifice.</p> + +<p>This was typical of the thousands of +soldiers at the front, for French soldiers +suffer that the children may never have to +wade through this blood and muck. The foul +creature that has bathed the world in blood +must be slain forever. With the full consent +of the intellect, of the heart and the conscience, +these glorious French boys have +given themselves to God, to freedom, and to +France.</p> + + +<h3>2. Why the Hun Cannot Defeat the +Frenchman</h3> + +<p>One morning in a little restaurant in Paris +I was talking with a British army-captain. +The young soldier was a typical Englishman, +quiet, reserved, but plainly a little excited. +He had just been promoted to his captaincy +and had received one week's "permission" +for a rest in Paris. We had both come +down from near Messines Ridge.</p> + +<p>"Of course," said the English captain, +"the French are the greatest soldiers in the +world."</p> + +<p>"Why do you say that?" I answered.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +"What could be more wonderful than the +heroism, the endurance of the British at +Vimy Ridge? They seem to me more like +young gods than men."</p> + +<p>To which the captain answered: "But +you must remember that England has never +been invaded. Look at my company! +Their equipment is right from helmet to +shoe, so perfectly drilled are they that the +swing of their right legs is like the swing of +one pendulum. I will put my British company +against the world. Still I must confess +this, that, so far as I know, no English +division of fifteen thousand men ever came +home at night with more than five thousand +prisoners.</p> + +<p>"But look at the French boys at Verdun! +As for clothes, one had a helmet, another a +hat, or a cap, or was bareheaded. One had +red trousers, one had gray trousers and one +had fought until he had only rags left. +When they got within ten rods of the German +trench they were so anxious to reach +the Boche that they forgot to shoot and +lifted up their big bayonets, while they +shouted, 'For God and France!'</p> + +<p>"That night when that French division +came back ten thousand strong they brought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +more than ten thousand German prisoners +with them to spend the night inside of +barbed wire fences.</p> + +<p>"The reason is this: These Frenchmen +fought for home and fireside. They fought +against an invader who had murdered their +daughters and mothers. The Huns will +never defeat France. Before that could +be done," exclaimed the English captain, +"there would not be a man left in France to +explain the reason for his defeat."</p> + + +<h3>3. "I Am Only His Wife"</h3> + +<p>Human life holds many wonderful hours. +Love, marriage, suffering, trouble, are crises +full of romance and destiny, but I question +whether any man ever passed through an +experience more thrilling than the hour in +which he stands at the Charing Cross or +Waterloo Station in London or in the great +station in Paris and watches the hospital +trains come in, loaded with wounded soldiers +brought in after a great battle.</p> + +<p>Often fifty thousand men and women line +the streets for blocks, waiting for the trains. +Slowly the wounded boys are lifted from the +car to the cot. Slowly the cot is carried to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> +the ambulance. The nurses speak only in +whispers. The surgeons lift the hand directing +them. You can hear the wings of the +Angel of Death rustling in the air.</p> + +<p>When the automobile carrying two +wounded boys moves down the street, the +men and women all uncover while you hear +whispered words, "God bless you!" from +some father or mother who see their own +son in that boy.</p> + +<p>Now and then some young girl with +streaming eyes timidly drops a flower into +the front of the ambulance—pansies for remembrance +and love—upon a boy whom she +does not know, while she thinks of a boy +whom she knows and loves who is somewhere +in the trenches of France.</p> + +<p>One morning a young nurse in the hospital +in Paris received a telegram. It was +from a young soldier, saying: "My pal has +been grievously wounded. He is on the +train that will land this afternoon. He has +a young wife and a little child. You will +find them at such and such a street. I do not +know whether he will live to reach Paris. +Can you see that they are at the station to +meet him? That was his last whispered request +to me."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p> + +<p>That afternoon at five o'clock, with her +face pressed between the iron bars, a young +French woman, with a little boy in her arms, +was looking down the long platform. Many, +many cots passed by, and still he did not +come. At last she saw the nurse. The +young wife did not know that her soldier +husband had died while they lifted him out +of the car.</p> + +<p>The young nurse said that she never had +undertaken a harder task than that of lifting +the boy in her own arms and leading the +French girl to that cot, that she might know +that henceforth she must look with altered +eyes upon an altered world. A few minutes +passed by and then a miracle of hope had +happened.</p> + +<p>"I saw her," said the nurse, "with one +hand upon his hair and the other stretched +upward as she exclaimed: 'I am only his +wife, France is his mother! I am only his +wife, France is his mother! I give him to +France, the mother that reared him!'"</p> + + +<h3>4. A Soldier's Funeral in Paris</h3> + +<p>The two boys were incredibly happy. +Two mornings before they had landed in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> +Paris. What a reception they had had in +the soldiers' club from the splendid French +women! How good the hot bath had +seemed! Clean linen, a fresh shave, a good +breakfast, a soft cot, plenty of blankets, +twenty-four hours' sleep, and they had +wakened up new men. The first morning +they walked along the streets, looking into +the shop windows; in the afternoon one of +the ladies took them to a moving picture +show, and now on the second day here they +were, at a little table before the café in one +of the best restaurants in the Latin Quarter, +with good red wine and black coffee, and +plenty of cigarettes, and not even the boom +of cannon to disturb their conversation. +Strange that in three days they could have +passed from the uttermost of hell to the uttermost +of safety and peace. "These are +good times," said one of the boys, "and we +are in them."</p> + +<p>Then they heard a policeman shouting. +Looking up, they saw a singular spectacle. +Just in front of them was a poor old hearse +drawn by two horses, whose black trappings +touched the ground. Shabbier hearse never +was seen. Strangest of all, there was only +a little, thin, black-robed girl walking behind<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +the hearse. There were no hired +mourners as usual. There was no large +group of friends walking with heads bared +in token of reverence; there was no priest; +no carriages followed after. Saddest of all, +there was not even a flower. What could +these things mean? How strange that +when they were so happy this little woman +could be so sad.</p> + +<p>Suddenly one of the soldier boys arose. +He stepped into the street and looked into +the hearse. There he saw these words: "A +soldier of France." He began to question +the woman. Lifting her veil, he saw a frail +girl, and while the traffic jam increased she +told her story. The soldier had been +wounded at the Battle of the Marne. He +was one of the first to be brought to Paris. +He never walked again. "I am very poor; +I have only one franc a day. We have no +friends. I borrowed money for the hearse."</p> + +<p>The boy returned to his fellows. "Fall in +line, boys!" he shouted. "Here is a soldier +of France. This little girl has taken care of +him for three years on one franc a day. +Line up, everybody, and tell the men to +swallow their coffee and wine and fall into +the procession. Go into the shops and say<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> +that a soldier of France lies here." When +that hearse began to move there were twenty +men and women walking as mourners behind +the body. Two soldier boys walked beside +the frail little girl with her heavy crêpe. +As the soldiers walked along beside the +hearse the procession began to grow. On +and on for two long miles this slowly moving +company increased in number until one +hundred were in line, and when they came +into God's Acre they buried the poor boy as +if he were a king coming in with trumpets +from the battle. For he was a soldier of +France.</p> + + +<h3>5. The Old Book-Lover of Louvain</h3> + +<p>Among the fascinating pursuits of life we +must make a large place for the collection of +old books, old paintings, old missals and +curios. Certain cities, like Venice, Florence, +Rome, Naples, and Madrid, have been for +a thousand years like unto the Sargasso +Sea in which beautiful things have +drifted.</p> + +<p>Fifty years ago, men of leisure began to +collect these treasures. Some made their +way into Egypt and Palestine, and there uncovered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> +temples long buried in sands and +ruins and all covered with débris. From +time to time old missals were found in +deserted monasteries, marbles were digged +up in buried palaces. Men came back from +their journeys with some lovely terra cotta, +some ivory or bronze, some painting by an +old master, whose beauty had been hidden +for centuries under smoke and grime. The +enthusiasm of the collectors exceeds the zest +of men searching for gold and diamonds +amid the sands of South Africa.</p> + +<p>Fifty years ago a young scholar of +Louvain won high praise because of his skill +in dating and naming old pictures and +manuscripts. When ten years had passed +by, this scholar's name and fame were spread +all over Europe. Many museums in different +countries competed for his services.</p> + +<p>The time came when the heads of galleries +in London and Paris and Rome sent for this +expert to pass upon some art object. During +the fifty years this scholar came to know +every beautiful treasure in Europe.</p> + +<p>In the old castles of Austria, in a monastery +of Bohemia, in the house of an ancient +Italian family, in certain second-hand bookstores, +in out-of-the-way towns he found<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> +treasures as precious as pearls and diamonds +raked out of the muck-heap.</p> + +<p>When death took away his only son and +left his little grandchildren dependent upon +himself the old book-lover looked forward +serenely into the future. He knew that +every year his treasures were growing more +and more valuable. Living in his home in +Louvain he received from time to time visits +from experts, who came in from all the +cities of the world to see his treasures, and +if possible, to buy some rare book.</p> + +<p>Then, in August, 1914, came the great catastrophe, +as came the explosion of Vesuvius +that buried Pompeii under hot ashes and +flaming fire.</p> + +<p>One morning the old scholar was startled +by the noise and confusion in the street. +Looking down from his window he saw +German soldiers, German horsemen, German +cannon. He beheld women and children +lined up on the sidewalk. He saw +German soldiers assault old men. He saw +them carrying the furniture, rugs and carpets +out of the houses. He saw the flames +coming out of the roofs of houses a block +away.</p> + +<p>A moment later an old university professor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> +pounded upon his door and called out +that they must flee for their lives. There +was only time to pick out one satchel and +fill it with his precious manuscripts and +costly missals. Then the two old scholars +fled into the street with the grandchildren. +Fortunately a Belgian driving a two-wheeled +coal cart was passing by. Into the cart +climbed the little grandchildren. Carefully +the satchel filled with its treasures was also +lifted into place.</p> + +<p>At that moment a German shell exploded +beside the cart. When the old book-lover +recovered consciousness the cart was gone, +the grandchildren were dead and of all his +art treasures there was left only one little +book upon which some scholar of the twelfth +century had toiled with loving hands.</p> + +<p>Carried forward among the refugees several +hours later, Belgian soldiers lifted the old +man into a train that was carrying the +wounded down to Havre. In his hand the +collector held the precious book. Excitement +and sorrow had broken his heart. His +mind also wandered. He was no longer +able to understand the cosmic terror and +blackness. A noble officer, himself wounded, +put his coat under the old man's head and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> +made a pillow and bade him forget the German +beast, the bomb shells, the blazing city. +But all these foul deeds and all dangers now +were as naught to the old man.</p> + +<p>"See my little book," he said. "How +beautiful the lettering! Why, upon this +book, as upon a ship, civilization sailed +across the dark waters of the Middle Ages. +Look at this book of beauty. The ugliness +of the tenth century is dead. The cruelty +and the slavery of bloody tyrants is dead +also. The old cannon are quite rusted away. +But look at this! Behold, its beauty is +immortal! Everything else dies. Soon all +the smoke and blood will go, but beauty and +love and liberty will remain."</p> + +<p>And then lifting the little book the old +collector of Louvain pressed his lips to the +vellum page, bright with the blue and crimson +and gold of seven hundred years, and in +a moment passed to the soul's summer land, +where no shriek of German shells rends the +air, where wicked Germans have ceased from +troubling and where the French and Belgians, +worn by the cruelty of the Huns, are +now at rest and peace.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>6. A Vision of Judgment in Martyred +Gerbéviller</h3> + +<p>To-day everybody knows the story of +Gerbéviller, the martyred.</p> + +<p>To the northwest is that glorious capital +of Lorraine, Nancy. Farther northwest are +Verdun and Toul, with our American boys. +The region round about the martyred town +is a region of rich iron ores.</p> + +<p>Some years ago, Germany found herself +at bay, by reason of the threatened exhaustion +of her iron mines in Alsace-Lorraine. +The news that France had uncovered new +beds of iron ore stirred Germany to a frenzy +of envy and longing.</p> + +<p>High grade iron ore meant a new financial +era for France. The exhaustion of Germany's +iron mines meant industrial depression, +and finally a second and third rate +position. Rather than lose her place Germany +determined to go to war with France +and Belgium and grab their iron mines. To +break down resistance on the part of the +French people, the Germans used atrocities +that were fiendish beyond words. The +richer the province she wished to steal, the +more terrible her cruelties.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></p> + +<p>At nine o'clock in the morning on August +27, General Clauss and 15,000 soldiers entered +Gerbéviller. Ten miles to the south +was the remainder of the German army, +utterly broken by the French attack. Clauss +had been sent north to dig his trenches until +the rest of the German army could retreat.</p> + +<p>Every hour was precious. The Germans +remained in the little town from 9 <span class="smcap">a. m.</span> until +12:30 <span class="smcap">p. m.</span> They found in the village +thirty-one hundred women, girls and children, +fifteen old men (the eldest ninety-two), +one priest and one Red Cross ambulance +driver. Even the little boys and men under +seventy had gone to the front to dig ditches +and carry water to the French.</p> + +<p>It took the Germans only two and one-half +hours to loot all the houses and load +upon their trucks the rugs, carpets, chairs, +pictures, bedding, with every knife and fork +and plate. At half-past eleven General +Clauss was in the Mayor's house, when the +German colonel came in and reported that +everything in the houses had been stripped +and that they were ready to begin the firing +of the buildings.</p> + +<p>The aged wife of the secretary to the +Mayor told me this incident:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span></p> + +<p>"We find no weapons in the houses, and +we find only these fifteen old men, one Red +Cross boy, and this priest," said the colonel.</p> + +<p>"Line up the old men then and shoot +them," shouted General Clauss. "Take the +priest as a prisoner to do work in the +trenches."</p> + +<p>The old men were lined up on the grass. +General Clauss himself gave the signal to +fire. Two German soldiers fired bullets into +each one of the old men.</p> + +<p>One of the heart-broken onlookers was the +village priest. The Germans carried him +away as prisoner and made him work as a +common labourer; through rain and sun, +through heat and snow, he toiled on, digging +ditches, carrying burdens, working eighteen +hours a day, eating spoiled food that the +German soldiers would not touch, until +finally tuberculosis developed and he was +sick unto death. Then the Germans released +him as a refugee, so the priest returned to +Gerbéviller to die.</p> + +<p>Then came the anniversary of the murder +of the fifteen old men and of the one hundred +and two women, girls and children. +On the anniversary day of the martyrdom +the noble Governor of the province assembled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +the few survivors for a memorial +service about the graves of the martyrs.</p> + +<p>Knowing that the priest would never see +another anniversary of that day the Prefect +asked the priest to give the address at the +memorial service. No more dramatic scene +ever occurred in history. At the beginning +the priest told the story of the coming of +the Germans, the looting of the houses, the +violation of the little girls, the collecting of +the dead bodies. Suddenly the priest closed +his eyes, and all unconsciously he lived the +scene of those three and a half hours.</p> + +<p>"I see our fifteen heroes standing on the +grass. I see the German soldiers lifting up +their rifles. I hear General Clauss cursing +and shouting the command to fire.</p> + +<p>"I see you, Thomas; a brutal soldier tears +your coat back. He puts his rifle against +your heart. When you sink down I see +your hands come together in prayer.</p> + +<p>"I see you, François. I see the two big +crutches on which you lean. You are weary +with the load of ninety years. I hear your +granddaughter when she sobs your name, +and I see your smile, as you strive to encourage +her.</p> + +<p>"I see you, Jean. How happy you were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> +when you came back with your wealth to +spend your last years in your native town! +How kind you were to all our poor. Ah! +Jean, you did us good and not evil, all the +days of your life with us!</p> + +<p>"I see you, little Marie. You were lying +upon the grass. I see your two little hands +tied by ropes to the two peach trees in your +mother's garden. I see the little wisp of +black hair stretched out under your head. I +see your little body lying dead. With this +hand of mine upon that little board, above +your grave, I wrote the words, 'Vengeance +is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.'</p> + +<p>"And yonder in the clouds I see the Son +of Man coming in His glory with His angels. +I see the Kaiser falling upon Gerbéviller. I +see Clauss falling upon our aged Mayor. +But I also see God arising to fall upon the +Germans. Berlin, with Babylon the Great, +is fallen. It has become a nest of unclean +things. There serpents dwell. Woe unto +them that offend against my little ones. For, +lo, a millstone is hanged about their necks +and they shall be drowned in the sea with +Satan."</p> + +<p>The excitement was too much for the +priest. That very night he died. Henceforth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +he will be numbered among the martyrs +of Gerbéviller.</p> + + +<h3>7. The Return of the Refugees</h3> + +<p>The return of the refugees to Belgium +and France holds the essence of a thousand +tragedies. From the days of Homer down +to those of Longfellow, with his story of +Evangeline, literature has recounted the sad +lot of lovers torn from one another's arms +and all the rest of their lives going every +whither in search of the beloved one, only to +find the lost and loved when it was too late.</p> + +<p>But nothing in literature is so tragic as +the events now going on from week to week +in the towns on the frontier of Switzerland.</p> + +<p>When the Germans raped Belgium and +northern France they sent back to the rear +trenches the young women and the girls, +and now, from time to time, those girls, all +broken in health, are released by the Germans, +who send them back to their parents +or husbands.</p> + +<p>Multitudes of these girls have died of +abuse and cruelty, but others, broken in +body and spirit, are returning for an interval<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> +that is brief and heart-breaking before the +end comes.</p> + +<p>Three weeks ago an old friend returned +from his Red Cross work in France. By invitation +of a Government official he visited +a town on the frontier through which the +refugees released by Germany were returning +to France.</p> + +<p>It seemed that during the month of September, +1914, the Germans had carried away +a number of girls and young women in a +village northeast of Lunéville. When the +French officials finished their inquiry as to +the poor, broken creatures returning to +France they found a French woman, clothed +in rags, emaciated and sick unto death. In +her arms she held a little babe a few weeks +old. Its tiny wrists were scarcely larger +than lead pencils. The child moaned incessantly. +The mother was too thin and weak +to do more than answer the simple questions +as to her name, age, parents, and husband.</p> + +<p>Moved with the sense of compassion, the +French official soon found in his index the +name of her husband, the number of his +company and telegraphed to the young soldier's +superior officer, asking that the boy +might be sent forward to the receiving station<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +to take his wife back to some friend, +since the Germans had destroyed his village. +By some unfortunate blunder the officials +gave no hint of the real facts in the case.</p> + +<p>Filled with high hope, burning with enthusiasm, +exhaling a happiness that cannot +be described, the bronzed farmer-soldier +stepped down from the car to find the +French official waiting to conduct him to +one of the houses of refuge where his young +wife was waiting.</p> + +<p>My American Red Cross friend witnessed +the meeting between the girl and her husband. +When the fine young soldier entered +the room he saw a poor, broken, spent, miserable +creature, too weak to do more than +whisper his name. When the young man +saw that tiny German babe in his young +wife's arms he started as if he had been +stung by a scorpion. Lifting his hands +above his head, he uttered an exclamation +of horror. In utter amazement he started +back, overwhelmed with revulsion, anguish +and terror.</p> + +<p>Gone—the beauty and comeliness of the +young wife! Gone her health and allurement! +Perished all her loveliness! Her +garments were the garments of a scarecrow.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +Despite all these things the girl was innocent. +But she realized her husband's horror +and mistook it for disgust. She pitched forward +unconscious upon the floor before her +husband could reach her.</p> + +<p>The history of pain contains no more terrible +chapter. That night the dying girl +told the French officials and her husband the +crimes and indignities to which she had been +subjected. Two other babes had been born +under German brutality, and both had died, +even as this infant would die, and when a +few days later her husband buried her he was +another man. The iron in him had become +steel. The blade of intellect had become a +two-edged sword. His strength had become +the strength of ten. He decided not to survive +this war. Going back to the front, he +consecrated his every day to one task—to +kill Germans and save other women from +the foulest degenerates that have ever cursed +the face of the earth.</p> + + +<h3>8. An American Knight in France</h3> + +<p>Coming around the corner of the street in +a little French village near Toul, I beheld an +incident that explained the all but adoring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +love given to our American boys by the +French children. The women and the girls +of that region had suffered unspeakable +things at the hands of the German swine. +Photographs were taken of the dead bodies +of girls that can never be shown. The terror +of the women at the very approach of the +German was beyond all words. The very +words "Les Boches" send the blood from +the cheeks of the children. The women of +the Dakotas on hearing that the Sioux +Indians were on the war-path with their +scalping knives were never so terrified as +the French girls are on hearing the German +soldiers are on the march. Even the little +children have black rings under their eyes, +with a strained, tense expression as they +stand tremulous and ready to run.</p> + +<p>On the sidewalk near me was a little +French girl of about six, with her little +brother, perhaps four years of age. Suddenly +around the corner came an American +boy in khaki. He was swinging forward +with step sure and alert. The children +turned, but there was no terror in their eyes +and no fear in their hearts. They did not +know the American soldier; never before +had they seen his face, but his khaki meant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> +safety. It meant a shield lifted between the +German monster and themselves. Forgetting +everything, the little French girl started on +a run towards the American soldier, while +her little brother came hobbling after. She +ran straight to the American boy, flung her +arms around his legging, rubbed her cheek +against his trousers and patted his knee with +her little hands. A moment later when her +little brother came up the American boy +stooped down, lifted the boy and girl into +his arms, and while they were screaming +with delight carried them across to a little +shop, and found for them two tiny little +cakes of chocolate, the only sweet that +could be had. The French children understand.</p> + +<p>The German motto was: "Frightfulness +and terrorism are the very essence of our +new warfare."</p> + +<p>Pershing's charge was: "You will protect +all property, safeguard all lives, lift a shield +above the aged, be most courteous to the +women, most tender and gentle to the children."</p> + +<p>In France our boys have lifted a shield +above the poor and the weak, and, having +given service, they are receiving a degree of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> +love beyond measure; but there is no danger +that they will be spoiled by the adulation of +the French women and children, who rank +them with the knights and the heroes of old.</p> + + +<h3>9. An American Soldier's Grave in France</h3> + +<p>One August morning I was in the wheat +fields near Roye. Somewhere in that field +the body of a noble American boy was lying. +He was a graduate of the University of +Virginia; his mother and his sister had a +host of friends in my old home city, Chicago. +Guided by a white-haired priest, out in the +wheat we found at last a little mound with a +part of a broken airplane lying thereupon. +I pulled the rest of his machine upon his +grave and learned that when the French +boys picked him up they found that four +explosive bullets had struck him while flying +in the air after his victory over many German +enemies.</p> + +<p>With my knife I cut a sheaf of golden +grain and an armful of scarlet poppies and +said a prayer for the boy and his mother and +his sister.</p> + +<p>Standing there in the rain I wrote a letter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> +to those who loved him, saying: "When you +see this head of wheat, say to yourself 'One +grain going into the ground shall in fifteen +summers ripen into bread enough to feed +sixteen hundred millions of the family of +men.' When you look at this pressed poppy, +say, 'His blood like red rain went to the +root to make the flowers crimson and beautiful +for all the world; soon the fields of +France shall wave like a Garden of God, +and peace and plenty shall dwell forever +there. "Without shedding of blood there is +no remission." Wine means the crushing of +the grapes. At great price our fathers +bought Liberty.'"</p> + +<p>Two thousand years ago Cicero, sobbing +above the dead body of his daughter Tullia, +exclaimed: "Is there a meeting place for +the dead?" What becomes of our soldier +boys who died on the threshold of life? +This is life's hardest problem. Where is +that young Tullia so dear to that gifted +Roman orator? Where is that young +musician Mozart? Where is young Keats? +And where is Shelley? And where are +young McConnell and Rupert Brooke and +young Asquith? And ten thousand more +of those young men with genius. Where also<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> +is that young Carpenter of Nazareth, dead at +thirty years of age?</p> + +<p>The answer is in this: They have passed +through the black waters and have come +into the summer land. There they have +been met by the heroes coming out with +trumpets and banners to bring them into a +world unstained by the smoke and din of +battle. There they will write their books, +invent their tools, complete their songs and +guide the darkling multitudes who come in out +of Africa, out of the islands of the sea, into the +realm of perfect knowledge, love and peace.</p> + + +<h3>10. "These Flowers, Sir, I Will Lay +Them Upon My Son's Grave"</h3> + +<p>Last August, at an assembly in Paris, +Ambassador Sharp held a little company +spellbound, while he related several incidents +of his investigations in the devastated region +near Roye. One afternoon the captain +stopped his military automobile upon the +edge of what had once been a village. Surveyors +were tracing the road and making +measurements in the hope of establishing the +former location of the cellar and the house +that stood above it. An old gray-haired<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +Frenchman had the matter in charge. He +had lost the cellar of his house. Also, the +trees that had stood upon his front sidewalk, +also his vines and fruit trees. His story as +stated by Ambassador Sharp was most +pathetic. The old man had retired from +business to the little town of his childhood. +When it became certain that the Germans +would take the village, the man pried up a +stone slab in the sidewalk and buried his +money, far out of sight. A long time passed +by. When the Hindenburg plans were +completed, the Germans made their retreat. +Among other refugees who returned was +the aged Frenchman. To his unbounded +amazement the old man could not locate the +site of his old home. In bombarding the +little village, the Germans dropped huge +shells. These shells fell into the cellar, and +blew the brick walls away. Other shells fell +in the front yard, and blew the trees out by +the roots. Later other shells exploding blew +dirt back into the other excavations. Little +by little, the ground was turned into a mass +of mud. Not a single landmark remained. +Finally the old man conceived the idea of +beginning back on the country road, and +measuring what he thought would have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> +the distance to his garden. But even that +device failed him. For the huge shells had +blown the stone slab into atoms, scattered +his buried treasure, and left the man in his +old age penniless and heart-broken.</p> + +<p>Long ago Dumas represented the man +who had taken too much wine as trying in +vain to enter his own home, explaining to +his inebriated friend that the keyhole was +lost. But think of a cellar that is lost! +Think of shade trees, whose very roots have +disappeared! Think of a lovely little French +garden with its roses and vines, and fruit +trees, all gone! "Why, the very well was +with difficulty located," said the Ambassador. +But after all, the loss of buried treasure +that could never be found is only a +faint emblem of the loss of human bodies +and human minds. Think of the soldiers +who have returned to find that the young +wife or daughter whom they loved has disappeared +forever! And think of the wives +and sweethearts who have received word +from their officers that the great shell exploded +and killed the lover, but that no +fragment of his body could be found! +During one day Mr. Chamberlain and myself +were driven through twenty-four series<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +of ruins, that once had been towns and villages, +but where there was nothing left but +cellars filled with twisted iron and blackened +rafters. Already, men are anticipating the +hour of victory and talking about the reconstruction +of the devastated regions, the enforced +service of a million German factories, +building up what once they had torn +down. But the restoring of houses, the +restoration of factory and schoolhouse, of +church and gallery, represent a material recovery. +But the other day, a French woman +was invited before the general who decorated +the widow and praised her, returning to +her the thanks of France, in that her last and +seventh son had just been killed. Her response +was one of the most moving things in +history. "I have given France my all. +These flowers, ah, sir, I have but one use for +them. I will take them out, and lay them +on my son's grave."</p> + + +<h3>11. The Courage of Clemenceau</h3> + +<p>One Sunday afternoon, last August, in +Paris, Alexandre, head of the Fine Arts Department +of the Government, brought me +an invitation from Rodin to visit his studio. +We found the successor to Michael Angelo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> +turning over in his hand an exquisite little +head of Minerva, goddess of wisdom, carved +with the perfection of a lily or a rose. "He +is always studying something," exclaimed +the author. But what Rodin wanted us to +see was his head of Clemenceau. When the +covering was lifted, there stood the very +embodiment of the man who is supreme in +France to-day,—Clemenceau. The sculptor's +face kindled and lighted up. "The +lion of France!" How massive the features! +How glorious the neck and the +shoulders! Clemenceau makes me think of +a stag, holding the wolves at bay, while his +herd finds safety in flight. He makes me +think of the lion, roaring in defence of his +whelps. Our descendants will say, of a +truth there were giants in those days, and +among the giants we must make a large +place for Clemenceau.</p> + +<p>The invincible courage of Clemenceau is in +the challenge he has just flung out to the +enemies of France. Reduced to simple +terms it comes to this,—"It is said that the +Germans can get within bombing distance of +Paris, or reach the capital, providing they +are willing to pay the price. Well,—the +Allies can break through the German line<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> +and gain the Rhine, providing they are +willing to pay the price. To destroy Paris +means a price of 750,000 Germans at least. +The probabilities are that so heavy a price +would mean a political revolution in Germany. +But what if Ludendorff gets to Paris? +Rome was twice destroyed, and later the +city of brick was rebuilt as a city of marble. +Nearly fifty years ago the people of Paris +destroyed their own city, at an expense of +hundreds of millions of francs. The motive +back of the destruction was the desire to replace +an old and ugly city by a new and the +most beautiful city in the world. Fire destroyed +Chicago, intellect rebuilt it,—earthquake +and flame levelled San Francisco, +courage restored the ruins. Enemies may +destroy Paris, genius and French art and +skill and industry and will, will replace it. +Our eyes are fixed on the goal, namely, the +crushing of Prussianism. What if Paris +must decrease? It will only mean that +civilization in France, and humanity, will increase." +Reduced to the simplest terms, that +is the substance of Clemenceau's appeal. +Never was there courage more wonderful. +Not even Leonidas at Thermopylæ ever +breathed nobler sentiments. That is why<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +Paris is safe to-day. That is why France is +secure. That is why we await with confidence +and quietness the next great offensive +for the Germans.</p> + +<p>In her darkest hour what France and the +world needed was a hero, a man of oak and +rock, a great heart, a lion,—and the world +found such a man in Clemenceau. Nothing +fascinates the listeners like tales of courage. +Not even stories of love and eloquence have +such a charm for children and youth. Many +of us remember that in our childhood the +crippled soldier of the Civil War became a +living college, teaching bravery to the boys +of the little town. For months Clemenceau +has been going up and down France, heartening +the people. This Prime Minister with +his great massive head, the roaring voice, +the clenched fist, is an exhilarating spectacle. +That hero of Switzerland, William Tell, left +behind him a tradition that it meant much +to him to waken each morning and find +Mont Blanc standing firm in its place. Not +otherwise all patriots, soldiers, and lovers of +their fellow men to-day can look on the great +French statesman and patriot and gather +comfort and courage from the fact that he +still stands firmly in his place.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span></p> +<h2 class="lu">OUR<br /> +BRITISH ALLIES</h2> + +<h2>V</h2> + + +<h3>1. "Gott Strafe England"—"and Scotland"</h3> + +<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">At</span> the crossroads near the city of Ypres +is a sign-board giving the directions +and the distances to various towns. One +day the Germans captured that highway.</p> + +<p>There was a man in the company who +had lived in some German-American city +of the United States. He knew that but +for England Germany would have gotten +through to the Channel towns and looted +Paris. Climbing up on the sign-board that +German-American wrote in good plain English +these words: "God —— England!"</p> + +<p>That afternoon the Australian and the New +Zealand army pushed the Germans back and +recaptured the highway. Among other soldiers +was a Scotsman named Sandy.</p> + +<p>He read the sign, "God —— England!" +with ever increasing anger. Finally he flung<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> +his arms and legs around the sign-post, pulled +himself up to the top and, while his companions +watched him, they saw him do a +most amazing thing.</p> + +<p>They were cheering him because they expected +him to rub out the word "England." +But not Sandy! Holding on by his left +hand, with his right Sandy added to the +words "God —— England!" these words, +"and Scotland."</p> + +<p>He felt that it was an outrage that Scotland +should be overlooked in any good thing. +Blessed was the people who had won the +distinction of being hated by the German, +and therefore Sandy added the words "and +Scotland"!</p> + +<p>Now Scotland deserved that high praise. +When the historian comes to write the full +story of this great war it will make a large +place for the words "and Scotland." Wonderful +the heroism of the British army! +Marvellous their achievements! But who is +at the head of it? A great Scotsman, Sir +Douglas Haig.</p> + +<p>What stories fill the pages of the achievements +of English sailors ever since the days +of Nelson, standing on the deck of the <i>Victory</i>, +down to the battle of Jutland! But<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> +that gallant Scot, Admiral Beatty, holds the +centre of the stage to-day. There came a +critical moment also when a man of intellect +and a great heart must represent Great +Britain in her greatest crisis in the United +States, and in that hour they sent a Scotsman, +Arthur James Balfour, philosopher, +metaphysician, theologian, statesman, diplomat +and seer.</p> + +<p>And what shall one more say save that +the finances of this war have been controlled +by a Scotch Chancellor of the Exchequer, +and her railways organized by a Scotch inventor. +Wonderful the achievements of +England—that "dear, dear land." Marvellous +the contribution of Wales, through men +like the Prime Minister, Lloyd George!</p> + +<p>Who can praise sufficiently the heroes of +Canada, Australia and New Zealand? In +Ireland, for the moment, things are in a +muddle. "What is the trouble with the +Emerald Isle?" was the question, to which +the Irishman made instant reply: "Oh, in +South Ireland we are all Roman Catholics, +and in North Ireland we are all Protestants, +and I wish to heaven we were all agnostics, +and then we could live together like +Christians."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span></p> + +<p>But Ireland will soon iron out her troubles. +To the achievements of the various people of +the great British Empire let us make a large +place for the contributions of Scotland. The +Germans hate with a deadly hatred any +country and any race that has stopped them +in their headlong career towards crime.</p> + +<p>But the next time that a German-American +has gone back to Berlin and has reached the +western front and puts up a sign reading +"Gott strafe England" let him not fail to +add these words, "and Scotland."</p> + + +<h3>2. "England Shall Not Starve"</h3> + +<p>Despite all warnings, rumours, and alarms, +no dire peril known to passengers disturbed +our voyage. The nearest approach came on +a morning when the ship was two hundred +miles off the coast of Ireland.</p> + +<p>The steamer was making a letter S and +constantly zigzagging, when suddenly the +lookout called down that there was a rowboat +dead ahead. With instant decision the +officer changed the ship's course and we +passed the life-boat a half mile upon our +right.</p> + +<p>The usual rumour started up and down<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +the deck that there were dead bodies in the +boat, but the petty officer answered my +question by saying that it was 2,000 lives +against one possible life that every drifting +boat must be looked upon as a German +decoy; that if the steamer stopped to send +sailors with a life-boat to investigate it would +simply give a German submarine a chance to +come up with torpedoes. At that very moment +one of the men beside the gun sighted +a periscope and a moment later the gun +roared and then boomed a second time and +then a third. Because the object disappeared, +all passengers said it was a submarine, +but the officers said it was a piece +of driftwood, tossed up on the crest of a +wave.</p> + +<p>That night, on deck, a close friend of the +purser came for an hour's walk around the +deck. The memory of those three shots +rested heavily upon his mind.</p> + +<p>It seemed that some months before he had +been a purser on an East Indian liner. On +the home voyage, twenty-four hours after +they left Cairo, when well out into the +Mediterranean, this officer went below for +an hour's rest. Suddenly a torpedo struck +the steamer. The force of the explosion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +literally blew the purser out of his berth. +Grabbing some clothes, he ran through the +narrow passageway, already ankle deep in +rushing water. The great ship carried +several thousand soldiers and a few women +who were coming home from India or from +Egypt. Despite the fact that all realized the +steamer would go down within a few minutes, +there was no confusion and the soldiers +lined up as if on parade.</p> + +<p>The boat went down in about eight minutes, +but every one of the women and children +had on their life-preservers and were +given first places in the life-boats that had +not been ruined by the explosion.</p> + +<p>The purser said that he decided to jump +from the deck and swim as far as possible +from the steamer, but despite his struggles +he was drawn under and came up half unconscious +to find himself surrounded with +swimming men and sinking rowboats that +were being shelled by the German submarine. +Suddenly a machine-gun bullet +passed through his right shoulder and left +an arm helpless. For half an hour he lay +with his left arm upon a floating board, held +up by his life-preserver. The submarine had +disappeared. At distances far removed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> +were three of the ship's boats and one raft. +It was plain that there was no help in +sight.</p> + +<p>Near him was a woman, to whom he +called. The purser told the woman that he +had been shot in the right arm and could not +help her nor come near to her. She answered +that it was good to hear his voice.</p> + +<p>The water was very cold. He began to +be alarmed and reasoned as to whether the +cold water would not stay the bleeding. +From time to time he would call out to the +woman to keep up hope and courage and not +to struggle, but at last he saw she was exhausted. +With infinite effort, swimming +with his left arm, he managed to draw near +to her.</p> + +<p>"Is drowning very painful?" the woman +asked.</p> + +<p>"No," answered the officer. "Once the +water rushes into the lungs one smothers."</p> + +<p>To which the English girl answered, +"Then I think I will not wait any longer. +Good-bye! Good luck!"</p> + +<p>Utterly exhausted she let her head fall +over and in a moment the life-preserver was +on the top and that was all that he saw.</p> + +<p>"The next thing I remember," said the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +officer, "was waking up to find a nurse trying +to pour a stimulant down my throat."</p> + +<p>A destroyer had come up in response to +the signals for help and picked up the +survivors.</p> + +<p>For months he was in the hospital before +he could be carried to England. Even now +he was not able to lift a hat from his head +with his right arm, but he could write a little. +This was his first voyage to test his strength +to prove to the Government that he could +take his old task as purser.</p> + +<p>"How did you feel, purser, when you +heard that cannon roar this morning against +that submarine?"</p> + +<p>You should have seen the fire flash in the +man's eyes.</p> + +<p>"How did I feel?" answered the officer. +"I felt like a race-horse snuffing the battle +from afar. Let them sink this ship—I will +take another. Let them sink every steamer, +I'll take a sailing vessel. Let them sink all +our sailing vessels, we will betake ourselves +to tugs.</p> + +<p>"We have 5,000 steamers that come and +go between any Sunday and Sunday. Some +are old cattle-boats, some are sea tramps and +some are ocean hounds. They have carried<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> +10,000,000 men and 20,000,000 tons of war +materials, and 8,000,000 tons of iron ore and +$3,000,000,000 worth of goods.</p> + +<p>"We have lent six hundred ships to +France and four hundred ships to Italy. +Our ancestors smashed the Spanish Armada. +Our grandfathers baffled Napoleon and their +sons defy the Hun and his submarine.</p> + +<p>"When I go down my son will take my +place. When Germany beats England there +will not be an Englishman left to tell how it +happened."</p> + +<p>Then, leaning over the railing of the ship, +the officer pointed to the setting sun, and lo, +right out of the sea, sailing into our sight, +came a fleet of English merchantmen, laden +with wheat, and the purser said:</p> + +<p>"By God's help, England shall not +starve."</p> + + +<h3>3. German-Americans Who Vilify England</h3> + +<p>The biography of Grant holds many exciting +incidents. One of them concerns a spy +who nearly wrecked Grant's plans. It seems +that a rumour came saying that Sheridan +had been defeated at Winchester. A telegram<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> +came a few minutes later saying that +Sheridan was recovering from the disaster. +Meanwhile, Grant noticed one of his young +assistants was endeavouring in vain to conceal +his pleasure over the news of Sheridan's +defeat. That feeling seemed inexplicable to +Grant. The Commander-in-Chief had three +armies—Sherman's in the South, Sheridan's +in the Valley of the Shenandoah, and his +own army of the Potomac. How could a +young aide rejoice over Sheridan's defeat +without down in his heart wanting Grant +defeated, the Union destroyed, and secession +made a success? Grant became more and +more alarmed. He told one of his associates +to follow this youth, whom he feared was a +spy. Shortly afterwards the man was discovered +sending signals, was tried, the proofs +of his treason uncovered, and finally he was +executed.</p> + +<p>To-day certain German-Americans never +tire of announcing their Americanism. Their +favourite expression is: "Germany was the +Fatherland, but the United States is the +wife." Not daring, therefore, to attack our +Government, afraid to confess that they want +Germany to succeed, and when that time +comes expect to hold certain offices under<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +Germany, they spend all their time vilifying +Great Britain. There is one absolute and +invariable test of the German-American's +treason to this country, and that is bitterness +towards England, because England is +doing all she can to prevent Germany's victory. +One thing has saved this country +during four years, giving us a chance to +prepare—Great Britain's fleet, holding Germany's +battle-ships behind the Kiel Canal. +To-day our Republic is defended by three +armies—General Pershing's, Marshal Foch's +and Marshal Haig's. But whenever a German-American +vilifies Haig and attacks England +you may know that down in his heart +he wants Pershing defeated, the United +States conquered, and Germany made victorious. +The German-American who vilifies +Great Britain is angry because Great Britain +has prevented Germany from loading a million +German veterans upon her six or eight +thousand passenger ships, freight ships, sailing +vessels and war fleet, and sailing to New +York and assessing fifty billion dollars indemnity +upon us.</p> + +<p>In a certain Western State a German professor +of electricity resigned from his institution. +He was receiving about $3,000 a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +year. Many months passed by. One day +this man was heard defaming England. +"England has destroyed the freedom of the +seas. England controls Gibraltar and the +Suez Canal. England is the great land +pirate. England is the world butcher." A +Secret Service man followed the German +professor, and found that he was working as +fireman at the wireless station of that great +city. This German professor of electricity +had resigned a $3,000 a year position to +work for $75 a month as fireman. As soon +as he found that the United States Government +was upon his track he fled to Mexico. +This spy's camouflage was love for the United +States, but his treason was revealed through +his hatred of England. That man should +have been arrested at dark, tried at midnight, +and shot at daybreak.</p> + +<p>There is a newspaper reporter in this country. +This German-American was caught by +a trick. Another reporter faked a story, +writing out on his typewriter an account +of several German submarines getting into +the harbour of Liverpool and blowing up +half a dozen English steamers and killing +several thousand Englishmen, and this German-American +reporter lifted his hands into<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +the air in glee, and in the presence of half a +dozen fellow reporters shouted: "I knew it! +I knew it! I knew the Germans would +smash Hades out of them!" In that moment +he revealed his real attitude towards +the United States. Any man that wants +Admiral Beatty defeated wants the American +transports sunk and American soldiers +murdered. That reporter should also have +been arrested at dark, tried at midnight, and +shot at daybreak.</p> + +<p>In another city there is a young Irish +writer. He fulfills all the proverbs about +the crazy Irishman. In connection with the +Sinn Fein conspiracy this young writer proposed +a toast to the memory of Sir Roger +Casement, the success of the revolution, and +poured forth such bitterness upon England +as cannot be described by those who hate +ingratitude towards a country that has given +us a chance to prepare. Wherever that man +goes he carries hate with him towards Great +Britain. His atmosphere is malign; his +presence breathes treason towards England. +That is another man who should have been +arrested at dark, tried at midnight, and shot +at daybreak. No man can serve God and +Mammon. No man can be faithful to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +United States who hates England and loves +Germany. He must love the one and hate +the other; he must hold to the one and despise +the crimes of the other. No man can +serve God and the Allies, Germany and the +devil, at one and the same time.</p> + + +<h3>4. British vs. American Girls in Munition +Factories</h3> + +<p>To-morrow morning at eight o'clock one +million British girls will enter the munition +and related factories. To-morrow afternoon +at four o'clock another million girls will +enter the same factories, to be followed at +midnight by the third shift of women.</p> + +<p>These factories average forty feet wide, +and end to end would be 100 feet in length. +The roar of the machinery is never silent by +day or night.</p> + +<p>In one factory I saw a young woman who +was closely related, through her grandfather, +to a man in the House of Lords. Her arms +were black with machine oil, her hair was +under a rubber cover, she wore bloomers. +Her task was pouring two tons of molten +steel into the shell moulds. The great shells +passed from the hands of one girl to another<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> +until the fiftieth girl, 1,500 feet away, finished +the threads into which the cap's screw +was fastened.</p> + +<p>Every twenty-four hours these women +turn out more small calibre cartridges than +all England did the first year of this war. +Every forty-eight hours they turn out more +large cartridges than all England did the +first year of this war. Every six days, with +the help of men not fit for the battle front, +they turn out more heavy cannon than all +England did the first year of this war.</p> + +<p>They have sent 17,000,900 tons of ammunition +to the front. Their shells are roaring +on five battle fronts in three continents. +When the British boys thrust their huge +shells into the cannon these boys literally receive +the shells at the hands of the millions of +English girls who are passing them forward.</p> + +<p>Wonderful the heroism of the British soldiers! +The reason why the men fight well +at the front is because there are women at +home worth fighting for. In all ages battles +have been won, partly by the strong arm of +the soldier, but chiefly by the heart that +nerves the arm. That is why John Ruskin +once said that "the woman in the rear generally +wins the victory at the front."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p> + +<p>It stirs one's sense of wonder to find that +all classes and all social conditions are represented +in these factories. Thousands of +young school-teachers have left the schoolroom +behind, closed the book and desk and +gone to the factory. Tens of thousands of +young wives and mothers have left their +little children with the grandmother. Many +rectors and clergymen and priests, unfit for +service at the front by reason of age, work +all day long in the munition factory. Many +a professional man crowds his work in the +office that he may reach the factory for at +least a few hours' work upon shot and shell.</p> + +<p>One day in France, as I was entering the +factory, I saw perhaps twenty young women +come out, hurry across the street to a building +where two old crippled soldiers were +taking care of the little children. These +young mothers nursed their babes, looked +after the other children and then hurried +back to the factory. Every minute was +precious; every day was big with destiny. +Their young husbands and brothers and +lovers, when the German push came, must +have their cartridges and shells ready and in +abundance.</p> + +<p>Watching these women with their strained,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span> +anxious faces—women who cut each thread +in the shell with the accuracy of the expert—you +could see the lips of the woman murmuring, +and needed no confession from her +that she was silently praying for the man +who would use this weapon to defend her +beloved France, her aged mother and her +little child.</p> + +<p>When the beast is slain and the Potsdam +gang tried and executed for their crimes, +and the boys come home with trumpets and +banners, the ovations will be for the soldiers; +but after the soldiers have had their +parade and their honour and their ovation +on the first day of the triumph, there should +be a second great parade, in which, while +the soldiers stand on the streets and observe, +and the merchants and working men and the +professional classes stand as spectators, down +the street shall march the munition girls, +who fashioned the weapons with which the +soldiers slew the common enemy.</p> + +<p>For while the boys at the front have defended +liberty the girls at home have armed +the soldiers. Neither one without the other +could have made the world safe for democracy.</p> + +<p>Through the imagination these women<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span> +have a right, while they toil, to watch the +shell complete their work. The smith who +forges the chain for the ship's anchor has a +right to exult when he looks out through his +imagination upon the great boat held firm by +his chain in the hour when the storm threatened +to hurl the craft upon the rocks. The +inventor has a right to say: "That granary +full of wheat is mine; I invented the +reaper." The physician has a right to rejoice +over the battle and victory over the +youth whose life was saved by the surgeon's +skill. Not otherwise, the munition girl has +a right when the long day of battle is over +to say: "I safeguarded that cottage; I +lifted a shield above that little child; I +built a wall against the cathedral and the +gallery and the homes of yonder city."</p> + +<p>For American girls of vision there is nothing +that they so much desire as the immediate +condemnation by our Government +of 10,000 luxury-producing plants in this +country, which should immediately be taken +over by our Government for munition purposes, +and before the daybreak of the first +morning there would be ten million American +girls standing before the doors, trying to +break their way in to obtain a chance to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +fashion the shells that would protect American +boys in danger at the front.</p> + + +<h3>5. The Wolves' Den on Vimy Ridge</h3> + +<p>The bloodiest battle of 1917 was fought +on the slopes of Vimy Ridge. That ridge is +seven and a half miles long and is shaped +like a dog's hind leg. Lifted up to an elevation +of several hundred feet, the hill not +only commands an outlook upon the German +lines eastward, but protects the great plains +that slope westward towards the English +Channel.</p> + +<p>To hold that ridge the Germans constructed +a vast system of trenches, barbed +wire barriers, Portland cement pill-boxes +and underneath the ridge, at a depth of sixty +feet, they made their prisoners dig a gallery +seven and a half miles long, with rooms for +the officers opening out on either side of the +long passageways.</p> + +<p>One morning the Canadian troops started +up the long sloping hillside, under skies that +rained cartridges, shells and gas bombs. So +terrific was the machine-gun fire that some +cartridges cut trees in two as if they had +been cut with a saw, while others did not so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +much strike the Canadian boys as cut their +bodies into two parts.</p> + +<p>Lying upon their faces they crawled up +the hillside, cutting the wires as they crept +forward. Not until the second afternoon +did the shattered remnants reach the German +trench that crowned the hillcrest. Then +they plunged down into the trench, while +the Germans rushed down the long stairs +into the underground chamber and fled +through the lower openings of their long +gallery northward towards safety.</p> + +<p>Not until the Canadian officers led us into +one of those German chambers did we understand +the black tragedy. The room was +shell-proof. The soft yellow clay was shored +up by rough boards. All around the walls +were bunks. In that chamber the German +officers had kept the captive French and +Belgian girls. There were two cupboards +standing against the wall. One was made +of rough boards; the other was a large, +exquisitely carved walnut bureau for girls' +garments. When the German officers fled +from the trench above they had just time to +escape to the lower shell-proof rooms, grab +some of the treasure and flee. Unwilling +to give these captive girls their freedom,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> +since they could not have the girls they determined +that their French and Belgian fathers +and sweethearts should not recover +them.</p> + +<p>There was just time during the excitement +of the flight to unlock the door, rush in and +send a bullet through each young woman. +A few minutes later the Canadian boys +swarmed through the long connecting +chambers and side rooms.</p> + +<p>In one of those rooms they found these +young women now dead or dying. Gas +bombs had already been flung down and +the rooms were foul with poisoned air. Protected +by their masks the Canadian boys +had time to pick up these girls and carry +them up the steps into the open air, where +they laid them down on the grass in the +open sunshine. But help came too late. +Beginning with an attempt to murder the +souls of the girls the German officers had +ended by slaying their bodies.</p> + +<p>An officer saw to it that the official +photographer kept the record of the faces of +these dead girls. Once they must have been +divinely beautiful, for all were lovely beyond +the average. One could understand +the pride and joy of a father or lover when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> +he looked upon the young girl's face. The +slender body made one think of the tall lily +stem, crowned with that flower named the face +and glorious head. Strangely enough they +seemed to sleep as if peace had come, after +long pain. Plainly death had been longed for.</p> + +<p>Weeks passed by. The photographs of +the dead girls were shown in the hope that +if possible word might reach their parents, +but no friend had been found to recognize +them. One day a Canadian officer, making +slow recovery in a hospital near the coast, +was asked by his nurse for the photograph.</p> + +<p>It seemed there was a Belgian woman +working in the hospital. Her village had +been entirely destroyed. Her home was +gone and all whom she loved had disappeared. +By some accident the Red Cross +nurse remembered this photograph and decided +to show it to the Belgian woman who +had passed so swiftly from abundance and +happiness to the utmost of poverty and +heart-break. Almost unwillingly at first the +woman looked at the print. A moment +later she held the picture out at arm's +length, rose to her feet, then drew it to her +lips and hugged it to her breast.</p> + +<p>With streaming eyes she almost shouted,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +"Thank God! Julia is dead! Thank God! +Julia is dead! Now I know there is a God +in Israel, for Julia is dead, is dead—is dead! +Thank God! Thank God!"</p> + +<p>Though for a long time the doves had +been in the clutches of the German hawks; +though for a long time the lambs had been +in the jaws of the German wolves; when all +else failed death came and released the lovely +girls from the clutch of German assassins.</p> + + +<h3>6. "Why Did You Leave Us in Hell +for Two Years?"</h3> + +<p>For British soldiers it had been a long +trying day on Messines Ridge. For many +nights the boys had been coming up towards +the front trenches. The next morning at +3:50 they were to go "over the top"; a +feat which they accomplished, driving in a +mile and a half deep, on a long, long line, +only to be stopped by four days and nights +of rain that drowned the trenches and drove +them back out of the flooded valley to the +hillside. Because the Germans knew what +must come the next day, the German cannon +were trying to bomb out the British guns.</p> + +<p>That night—tired out—we drove back<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> +eighteen miles behind the line for one good +night's sleep. After dinner an English lieutenant +told me this tragic tale:</p> + +<p>"It was an April night last spring. All +day the wind and fog and rain had been +coming in from the North Sea. The chill +and damp went into the very marrow of the +bones. When night fell a few of us officers +crept down the long stair into a shell-proof +room. There we had our pipes and gossiped +about the events of the day and talked +with the French captain, our guest, who was +spending a week studying our sector. Finally +the time came when we must go back into +the trench to take our turn in the rain.</p> + +<p>"We were putting on our raincoats, when +in my happiness I said, 'Well, men, you +should congratulate me. One week from +to-night I shall not be here in this rain and +mud. I shall be home in England and have +my little wife and my baby girl. Just one +week! It seems like seven eternities instead +of seven days and nights!'</p> + +<p>"I little dreamed the little tragedy that I +had precipitated. My colonel was very kind. +He told me that he would have his permission +in three more months. The rest of +the boys also said nice things. Suddenly we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> +realized that the French captain was acting +very strangely and saying excited things +with his back towards us. We did not +know how we had insulted him, nor could +we understand what had happened. Finally +my colonel said to him:</p> + +<p>"'Captain, I hope you will have your +vacation soon and have a chance to go home +and see your family.'</p> + +<p>"He turned on us like a crazy man. He +put his fists in the air, he half shouted and +half sobbed at us.</p> + +<p>"'How do you men dare talk to me +about going home? Your land has never +been invaded, nor your families ruined. +Home! How can I go home? The Germans +have had my town for a year. In +their retreat they carried away my little girl +and my young wife, and now the priest has +gotten word to me that in six weeks my little +girl and my young wife will both have babes +by the German beast who carried them off.'</p> + +<p>"And then the Frenchman cursed God +and cursed the devil! Cursed the Kaiser +and cursed the Fatherland. Oh, it was so +terrible. Doctor, I often wonder how Americans +could have left the women and girls of +Belgium and France in hell for two and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> +half years, while you men stood in safety +and in peace."</p> + +<p>The historian will find it hard to answer +that question. History will have it to say +that England was the good Samaritan who +helped the Belgians who had fallen among +thieves, while Americans were among those +who passed by on the other side.</p> + + +<h3>7. "This War Will End Within Forty +Years"</h3> + +<p>A New Zealand officer was giving directions +to a group of his soldiers. They were +in the field at the foot of Bapaume. The +immediate task was that of cutting and rolling +up the barbed wire. In that territory the +Germans had left trenches foul with fever, +wells filled with the corpses of men and +horses, springs polluted with every form of +filth, but worst of all, the barbed wire entanglements. +Every sharp point was covered +with rust and threatened lockjaw. Looking +in every direction, the whole land was +yellow with the barbed wire. The work +was dangerous. The rebound of the wire +threatened the eye with its vision, threatened +the face and the hand, and all the soldiers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> +were in a mood of rebellion. In an angry +mood, the officer exclaimed, "There are a +hundred million miles of German barbed +wire in France!"</p> + +<p>And when later I asked the first lieutenant +how long this war would last, he made the +instant answer, "This war will continue forty +years more! One year for the fighting, and +thirty-nine years to roll up the wire."</p> + +<p>Because every soldier at the front hated +the wire entanglements, that bright sentence +ran up and down the entire line from Belgium +to the Swiss frontier. And for men +of experience there is more truth in the +statement than one would at first blush +think. It will take one more year for the +fighting, but it will take thirty-nine years +more to grow the shade trees. Five centuries +ago the French began to develop the +love of the beautiful. On either side of the +roads running across the land they planted +two rows of poplars, oaks or elms. When +long time had passed the fame of the French +roads and the shade trees went out into all +the earth. Under these trees the French +farmer stopped his cart, fed his horses and +refreshed himself beneath the shade. Under +these trees the old men at the end of their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> +career rested themselves, and gossiped about +old friends that had gone.</p> + +<p>And when the German found he could not +hold the land and enjoy the shade trees, the +splendid orchards, the purple vineyards, he +determined that the Frenchman should not +have them, and so he lifted the axe upon +every peach and pear, plum and grape, +cherry and gooseberry tree. Perhaps it was +as black a crime to murder the land as it was +to murder the bodies of the farmers, since +the soul is immortal.</p> + +<p>"One more year of fighting and thirty-nine +years" not to roll up the wire, but to +rebuild the cathedrals and churches, the +colleges and universities, the halls of science, +the temples of art, the mills for the weaving +of cotton and linen and wool, and above all +for the rebuilding of the railways, the reconstruction +of the canals and the bridges, +great and small. But the most grievous loss +is the human loss. Think of 1,500,000 +crippled heroes and poor wounded invalids +in the land of France alone! Think of another +1,500,000 young widows, or lovers +and mothers! Gone the young men who +promised so great things for the French +essay, the French poem, for the paintings<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +and the bronzes! Dead the young lawyers, +physicians and educators! Gone the young +farmers and husbandmen! Perished 1,000,000 +old people and 500,000 little children, +all dead of heart-break. The German beast +has been in the land. Like a wolf leaping +into the sheepfold to tear the throats of the +young lambs and the mother ewes.</p> + +<p>What! Thirty-nine years more to recover +ruined France and Belgium, Poland and +Rumania? France will never be the same +again. The scar of the beast will abide. +That is why no man of large mind and +great heart will ever make friends with a +soldier from Germany, will ever buy an +article of German stamp, so long as he lives, +will ever read another German book, or +support another German business. It is our +duty to forgive the transgressor who is +repentant, but it is a crime to forget the unspeakable +atrocities, the devilish cruelties of +the German Kaiser, the German War Staff +and the German army, with its 10,000,000 +criminals.</p> + + +<h3>8. "Why Are We Outmanned by the +Germans?"</h3> + +<p>Many thoughtful men have lingered long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +over the despatches announcing that Great +Britain called thirty thousand farmers to the +trenches, thus threatening the loss of a part +of her harvest. One of the British editors +and statesmen explains this event by the +frank statement that for the moment the +Allies are outmanned, and will be until +another million Americans reach France. +Many men are puzzled to understand what +this means, but the explanation is very +simple. The combined population of Germany, +Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria is not +far from 140,000,000. To this must be +added seventy millions of conquered and impressed +peoples of Belgium, Poland, Rumania, +with the Baltic provinces of Russia, +Ukraine and other regions. Over against +this population stands the 125,000,000 living +in Great Britain, France, Italy, Canada, +Australia, New Zealand and the English +people of South Africa, and India, and the +Isles of the Sea. Concede, therefore, that +the army of six millions of Allies are over +against six millions of Germans. Why are +we outmanned?</p> + +<p>Back of that British editor-statesman's +statement lies a most dramatic fact. Our +Allies keep their treaties, and will not use<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> +German prisoners to fight against their brothers. +Therefore the six million of Allies' soldiers +have no support behind them. But +the Germans impress all conquered peoples +and lifted into the air if the observer had a +glass powerful enough, he would behold +back of the German six millions another six +millions of impressed prisoners and conquered +peoples, who support the German +army. These men, driven forward by an +automatic pistol and the rifle, work within +half a mile of the rear German trench. +They dig ditches, fill shell holes, repair +roads, bring up burdens, care for the horses, +scrub the mud from the wagons, and the +slightest neglect of the task means that they +are shot down by the German guards. All +this releases the German soldier from the +deadly work that breaks the nerve, and unfits +a man to go over the top. That means +that the German soldier can fight eight +hours, and have sixteen for rest and recreation.</p> + +<p>But over against this German army fighting +eight hours, with the deadly work +wrought by several million of impressed +servants and slaves, stands the Allied army. +But our men after eight hours of active service<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> +must then begin to dig ditches, fill shell +holes, repair bridges, clean the mud from +the wagons, bring up the munitions, and +this deadly work for eight hours, added to +their eight hours of active service, means +only eight hours for sleep and recovery, +while the German has sixteen hours off duty +for recovery and sleep. The Allies keep +their treaties, and do not ask a German +prisoner to fight against his brother. The +Allies obey the laws of right and wrong, +but the Ten Commandments are a great +handicap in time of war. Is there any one +who supposes that six million of Allied soldiers, +working sixteen hours a day, are as +fresh and as fit as six million Germans, +working only eight hours a day? That is +why the situation is so perilous. Fortunately +victories are not won by muscle without +but by the soul within. The sense of +justice in the heart lends a form of omnipotence +to a youth. In a moral universe, +therefore, we must win. The great problem +is, how to carry on until we can get another +million Americans across to France, with full +equipment, and fifty thousand aeroplanes.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p> +<h2 class="lu">"OVER HERE"</h2> + +<h2>VI</h2> + + +<h3>1. The Redemption of a Slacker</h3> + +<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Out</span> on the Ohio River there is a large +steel town. During the last few years +many foreigners who have the Bolsheviki +spirit have crossed the ocean and found work +in the great shops and factories. Little by +little the foreign newspapers have developed +the spirit that has now ruined Russia, +and is here under the American name of the +I. W. W. movement. In this steel city was +an anarchist, with real power to move the +mobs. The mere mention of the name of +Carnegie or Rockefeller was to him like +waving a red flag in the face of a bull. In +the evenings it was his custom to climb +upon a box at the corner of the street, close +to a little park, and tell his hearers that all +the wealth in the rich man's house was +created by the workman's muscle. He made +no allowance for the inventor, for the organizer, +for the risks taken by the man who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> +built a factory. A few weeks ago this anarchist +laid down a newspaper, containing an +account of the trial of the I. W. W. leaders +in Chicago. That night, becoming alarmed, +lest he himself be caught in the drag-net, and +perhaps forced to enlist as an enemy alien, +this agitator disappeared, leaving behind him +his board bill, laundry bill, tailor's bill, not +to mention many other forms of indebtedness—a +disappearance that led every one of +his creditors to give up any and all faith in +the American Bolsheviki movement.</p> + +<p>Now there was a young boy of about +twenty-three who had long been listening to +this agitator. When, therefore, the second +night after the anarchist's disappearance +came, this young man, who aspired himself +to be a leader of the mob, climbed up on the +soap box, at the corner of the little park, and +began to speak to the same old crowd.</p> + +<p>"Think of it, my friends! Just think of +it! Think of some soldier coming in here and +making me enlist! I have no grudge against +the Germans. I don't want to kill them. My +forefathers were all German! My name is +German. And I am an American all right, +all right! Still, I don't propose to have +anybody tell me what I must do. If I want<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +to enlist, I will enlist, and if I don't, I won't! +I'd like to see some Government agent come +along and grab me for the draft! When he +comes, he'll hear a few things from me, and +then some!"</p> + +<p>At that point a man lifted up his hand +and said: "Now you may stop right there!" +Throwing back his coat collar, he showed a +little metal badge. Climbing up on the box, +the stranger took the young anarchist by his +shoulder and half choked him, saying: "So +you want to have the people see some one +take you to the draft office? Well," said +the officer, "now's the time for them to see +him, and I'm the man. And you people," +he went on, "just take a good look at this +fellow. It'll be the last chance you're going +to have, for he will be in jail to-night, and +to-morrow we will decide whether or not he +has been opposing the draft. If he has, he +stands a good chance of being shot." Blowing +a little whistle, the officer dragged the +young anarchist to the edge of the street, +half lifted and half kicked him into the +police wagon, which soon disappeared. The +enemy aliens who remained behind were +stupefied, partly with astonishment and +partly with terror. Aliens began to say,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +"What will come next?" That night a +number more of pro-Germans disappeared +from this town with its steel mills.</p> + +<p>The next morning, at ten o'clock, the officer +entered the jail. "Get a move on you, +young man!" he said brusquely. "You're +going up to the court to be examined to see +whether you are a slacker or a traitor. In +the one case you will be interned and in the +other case you will be hanged or shot."</p> + +<p>The young anarchist was on his feet in a +moment. "But, officer, aren't you going to +give me a chance to enlist?"</p> + +<p>"Young man, this Government does not +want traitors to enlist, nor pro-Germans."</p> + +<p>"I am not a pro-German this morning," +cried the excited man. "I have thought +the whole thing over last night. I did not +sleep a wink. I think this Government is +the best government in the world. And I +am willing to fight for it."</p> + +<p>The officer was astounded. "Well, my +young enemy," he exclaimed, "a dungeon +seems to have had a good effect upon your +mind. What has regenerated you? Was it +the cold water or the corn bread? Or the +steel door before your dungeon? Or was it +the bad air in your cell? Or possibly it was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> +the fear of death, or God Almighty, or future +punishment. Come now, out with it!"</p> + +<p>It was a thoroughly frightened boy who +stood half an hour later in the prisoner's +dock. "Give me some book on the Government +of the United States," he exclaimed +to the judge. "And give me a week in which +to show that I am in earnest, and I will +then volunteer." The judge was very grave. +"Young man," he said sternly, "any boy +that will eat the bread of the United States, +that will enjoy the liberty of this country, +and has had all the chances to climb to +place that have come to you, and refuses to +enlist, has something wrong with him, and +it is only a question of time when he comes +to the judgment day." To this the young +man made the answer that he had been lazy, +careless and ignorant; that he had allowed +himself to become the tool of the runaway +agitator, and then once more he asked that +he might have a chance to enlist. With the +help of friends, the judge and the draft +board finally let him off and sent him to a +camp for three months' intensive training. +Then came the news that his company had +been sent over seas, and within a short time +thereafter in the list of casualties the name<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> +of this young foreigner appeared. But one +letter reached this country, and that letter +was notable for this sentence: "For the first +time in my life I have had young Americans +for my companions. The boys in my company +have had a college education and they +have taught me bravery, truth, self-sacrifice, +kindness and chivalry. I have learned more +in two months at the camp than in all the +rest of my life put together. The companionship +in my company and in my camp +have saved my soul." It is this that explains +the redemption of the slacker.</p> + + +<h3>2. Slackers versus Heroes</h3> + +<p>Going through the long communication +trench, between the ruined city of Rheims +and an observation lookout, with its view of +the German front trench, we passed several +soldiers digging an opening in the soft white +marl, into a parallel trench. The captain +in charge called my attention to a French +poilu. His hair was quite black, save for +the half inch next to the scalp and that was +white as snow. If one had lifted up his hair +and estimated his age by the last two inches +of the jet locks the poilu would have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> +about thirty-five, but the hair, pure white at +the roots, and a glance at his face told us +that he was fifty-five to sixty.</p> + +<p>"He passed inspection," said the captain, +"by dyeing his hair, and several weeks ago +he broke the bottle of dye. Now he is half +scared to death for fear he will be thrown +out, because he is at the beginning of old +age. Still I have no better soldier, no +stronger, braver man. But I am hoping +much from a friend in Epernay, to whom I +sent for a bottle of black hair dye."</p> + +<p>So long as the Frenchmen have that +spirit France will never be defeated.</p> + +<p>Many weeks ago I was in a manufacturing +town near Pittsburgh. The wind was sharp +and chill. All overcoats were turned up +at the collar. On a box stood a young +Australian lieutenant. His cheeks held +two fiery spots. He was telling the story +of the second battle of Ypres. While he +talked you walked with him the streets of +the doomed city, you heard the crash of the +great shells as they smashed through the +public buildings; you witnessed the burning +of the Cloth Hall and shivered as the noble +structure fell. One laughed with him in his +moments of humour and wept over the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> +sorrows of the refugees. He pleaded with +the Welshmen and the Cornishmen, and told +them that the motherland was bleeding to +death and that now every boy counted. He +flogged his hearers, scoffed at them, praised +them, wept, laughed, reviled, transformed +and finally conquered them.</p> + +<p>At the close, shaking hands with him, lo! +he was burning with fever, with skin hot +and dry. "Lieutenant, you should be at the +hotel, in bed. You will kill yourself speaking +in this cold air."</p> + +<p>"Well," he answered, "there are plenty +of our boys who are perfectly sound who +will be killed inside of three months. I have +the t. b., (tuberculosis), but I believe that +I can pull through a year. I have enlisted +over one hundred coal miners from Wales +and iron-workers from Cornwall. I am willing +to die for the motherland, after a +year of t. b., since my pals will be dead +within three months through bullets. And +when I die I want to die with the consciousness +that I have kept my manhood."</p> + +<p>I left that poor, wounded, half-dead +young soldier with the feeling that I had +been in the presence of a superior being.</p> + +<p>Over against these heroes stand the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> +slackers. There are hundreds and thousands +of young men from allied countries +who are of draft age, who find refuge in this +land. There are other thousands who have +been exempted, one because he has a flat instep, +another because he has had trouble with +his eyes or his teeth; or has tuberculosis, in +its initial form, or is a victim of bronchitis. +Most of these men owe it to their country +and themselves to tear up their exemption +papers. They earn their living in this country, +working ten hours a day, but they will +not work six or eight hours a day for Old +England, thus releasing some young man to +go to the front.</p> + +<p>The question is not whether the youth has +an exemption paper. The heart of the question +is, Has he any moral right to accept an +exemption? This war is being fought by +untold thousands of soldiers who could obtain +half a dozen exemptions. They prefer +to run the risk of death in six months, to +looking after their own hides and keeping +well away from danger for the next six +years or sixty. No one who has been in the +coal regions or in the great mines of the +Rocky Mountains but realizes that there are +an enormous number of allied slackers in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> +this country. They have left their country +to its dire peril at a moment when Old England +is bleeding to death—when every man +counts and when the cripples, the invalids, +the old men, the women, everybody who can +give four hours or eight of work a day +should enter the great war offices or commissary +departments and do office work, and +thus release the stronger men for their work +at the front.</p> + +<p>The time has fully come when Americans +should ask themselves the question whether +or not they have a moral right to support +with money that could be far better used, in +the war stamp purchases or Red Cross work, +all these slackers and cowards, at a time when +the motherland asks them to throw away +their exemption papers, in an hour when +civilization, liberty and humanity are treasures +trembling in the balance.</p> + + +<h3>3. German Stupidity in Avoiding the +Draft</h3> + +<p>Following the revolution of 1848 in Germany, +multitudes of people fled from Prussia +and Bavaria, and these fugitives, settling in +the United States, organized colonies that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +grew until there were often one hundred +families in a single community. Strangely +enough, as the years went on, these Germans +forgot the iron yoke they once had borne, +until, when many years had passed by, it +came about that time and distance lent a +glamour to the landscape of the far-off +Fatherland. Occasional letters from their +relatives kept them in touch with the old +German home. At last they quite forgot +the militarism, the poverty, the cruel limitations +and the hypocrisy of Germany. Familiarity +also with the institutions of the +Republic bred a kind of contempt. Through +the imagination Germany became an enchanted +land. When, therefore, war was +declared these German-Americans came together +in their clubs, beer gardens and German +churches, to pledge unswerving fealty +to the Kaiser and to the militarism from +which once they had fled as from death +itself.</p> + +<p>Last summer brought the Government +draft to the young men of one of these German +colonies. The week was approaching +when the German boys must have their +physical examination. American officers, +American physicians and the members of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +draft board were already in session in a certain +town. One Sunday a German-American +physician appeared in that community. +That night some twenty or more young German-Americans +met that physician. He +told them plainly how deeply he sympathized +with their unwillingness to turn their +guns against their own German cousins and +relatives in the Fatherland. Out of pity and +compassion had been born his plan to save +their limbs and perhaps their lives, and also +to serve the Fatherland and the beloved +Kaiser. "I have here," said the physician, +"a certain heart depressant. It will slow +your heart like the brake on an automobile. +It is a simple coal-oil product. It is quite +harmless. It was made by the well-known +German firm of Baer & Company, chemists, +and it is so cheap. I shall see to it that you +are rejected for the draft. And—think of +it!—only twenty-five dollars! For that +little sum I will keep you from being +wounded or killed. You will each one give +me twenty-five dollars; then I will give you +this bottle, holding five grains for Monday, +ten grains for Tuesday, fifteen grains for +Wednesday, twenty grains for Thursday, +twenty-five grains for Friday, and on Saturday<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> +you will be rejected." Ten minutes +later the necromancer had juggled twenty-five +dollars out of the pocket of each newly +drafted boy and into his own right-hand +pocket.</p> + +<p>On Saturday these young men appeared +before the draft board and the Government +physicians. All the boys were in a dreadful +condition nervously. Now the heart would +drop to forty, and then at the slightest exertion +run up to two hundred and twenty. All +were dizzy, nauseated, yellow and green, +feverish. But the Secret Service men knew +every detail of what had taken place, and all +the facts were in the hands of the draft +board. A certain farmer's son, young Heinrich +H——, was first examined. The United +States physician counted a pulse that varied +from forty to two hundred and twenty. The +physician kept his face perfectly straight. +"Marvellous heart! Regular as a clock! +Strong as the throbbing of a locomotive. +Seventy-two exactly! Absolutely normal. +I congratulate you, young men, upon your +fine heart action. A man is as old as his +heart engine. A boy with a heart like yours +ought to live to be a hundred years old. All +you need is a change of climate. France<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +will do the world for you. You may need a +little heart stimulant, but I think that nothing +hastens the pulse beat like a few rifle +balls and bomb shells from Hindenburg." +He sent every one of the twenty boys into +the service, but separated them, one going +to Camp Ayer, in Massachusetts; one to +Camp Bliss, in El Paso, Texas, and the rest +to camps in States between. In one Middle +West community a German father and son +went so far as to deaden pain through cocaine +and then cut off the finger of the right +hand. It is generally understood that both +the father and son are now in two widely +separated penitentiaries, reflecting each in +his own cell upon the folly of treason and +the crime of becoming a traitor to the kindest +and best Government that has ever been +organized upon our earth.</p> + + +<h3>4. "I'm Working Now for Uncle +Sam"</h3> + +<p>The long transatlantic train came to a +dead stop at the division station in that +great Southwestern State, where one was +surrounded by sage-brush, the sand, the distant +foot-hills and the far-off mountain range.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span></p> + +<p>One of the Pullman cars showed signs of +a hot box, and a moment later the wheel +burst into a mass of flame. In the thirty +minutes' wait for repairs I made my way +into the room where the conductors, engineers +and firemen met. On a little table I +found a copy of the address given before the +railroad men of El Paso, Texas, by Secretary +McAdoo.</p> + +<p>I called the attention of the different men +to the address, to the clarity of the reasoning, +the simplicity of the argument, the +strength of the appeal and the glowing +patriotism that filled all the pages. The +pamphlet had been worn by much reading. +It was covered with the black finger prints +of busy men who had been working around +the locomotives and tenders.</p> + +<p>Plainly Mr. McAdoo's speech had made +a profound impression upon these employees. +Having first of all called the +attention of the large group of men to the +creative work of Alexander Hamilton, the +first Secretary of the Treasury, who struck, +as Daniel Webster said, "the dry rock of +national credit and abundant streams of +revenue gushed forth," I asked these men +whether there had been in one hundred and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span> +twenty-five years any forward movement in +finance that was comparable to the benefits +derived from the national reserve bank law, +under Secretary McAdoo, a law that not only +had prevented a panic in this country during +this war, but had raised more billions within +four years than the total cost of the Government +in the first century of our existence.</p> + +<p>Late that afternoon, on the train, the conductor +sought me out. In the midst of the +discussion he drew out a roll of bills. He +told me that in those mountain towns many +of the ranchers did not buy their tickets at +the stations.</p> + +<p>To use his expression, "They had it in for +the railroads." "They pay me their fare in +cash, and when I give them the receipt they +tear up the receipt and wink at me. I always +feel," he said, "like resenting these +actions, because I know that they are incitements +to petty theft, but now," he said, "I +have my chance. I always tell them," said +the conductor, "that money belongs to +Uncle Sam. He runs this railroad, Uncle +Sam takes this money.</p> + +<p>"With it he will buy guns for the American +boys at the front and build ships to +carry food that will feed these soldiers. I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span> +would rather lose that right arm than take +one penny of money that belongs to Uncle +Sam. This is my job to run this train. I +tell my crew every day that we must make +the coal produce every possible pound of +steam, that every waste must be saved, and +every pound of energy used and that we must +run this train so as to help win this war."</p> + +<p>From morning till night I found that conductor +was preaching that sentiment. His +words were directly traceable to the words +of Secretary McAdoo at El Paso, Texas. +That single speech transformed these men.</p> + +<p>Measured by the results—truth that transforms +life and changes conduct and character—that +was a truly great speech. We must +all hope much from this new sense of devotion +to the interests of Uncle Sam.</p> + + +<h3>5. The German Farmer's Debt to the +United States</h3> + +<p>There are literally thousands of small +German colonies in different parts of this +country. In one far distant State is a community +settled by about two hundred German +families, who took up the land immediately +after the Civil War.</p> + +<p>By some good fortune they settled in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span> +what is now one of the very richest sections +in the United States. Land that they bought +for $1.25 an acre is now worth $250 an acre. +In that community there are two German +churches.</p> + +<p>Both pastors came from Germany, both +were educated in German colleges, both read +German newspapers and both insist upon +carrying on a colloquial German school, +with German teachers, German text-books +and German standards.</p> + +<p>Little pressure was brought to bear upon +these farmers during the First Liberty Loan. +By many devices they succeeded in getting +their boys away before the draft registration. +While it was never proved technically +that they had all pledged themselves not to +oppose Germany, morally this is known to +be the fact.</p> + +<p>October of 1917 came and the Second +Liberty Loan was on. One day all these +farmers received a printed card, saying there +would be a meeting on Monday night, in +connection with the Second Liberty Loan. +"I find you made no subscription whatsoever +to the First Liberty Loan. There are +reasons why I think it best for me to advise +you to attend this meeting."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span></p> + +<p>Every German farmer read that card +several times. Who was this stranger who +was coming into the community? Was he +a Secret Service man? How did he find out +that there had been a secret meeting of the +Germans immediately after war had been declared +against Germany? Each farmer began +to ask himself: "Has any one quoted me?" +Each one decided to attend that meeting.</p> + +<p>The meeting began at precisely seven +o'clock. Only one man who had received +the notice was absent, and his son brought a +message concerning his father's absence. +The stranger arose in his place, but left it +uncertain as to whether he was a Secret +Service man, a banker or a patriot interested +in his country. He began with substantially +these words:</p> + +<p>"Men, you are all German-Americans. +I find that not one of you subscribed to the +First Liberty Loan. You came to this +country poor men. This Government sold +you Government land for from a dollar and +a quarter to two dollars and a half an acre. +But you seem to have forgotten one thing. +Your title deed to your farm rests upon your +loyalty as citizens of the Republic. Whenever +you refuse to support the people of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span> +Republic you have by your own act annulled +the title deed of your land.</p> + +<p>"If you refuse to support your Government +in this war, you are a traitor, and +when this is proved you will be shot. If +secretly you have been sending money to +the Kaiser to buy guns with which to kill +American boys you have forfeited the title +deed to your farm. Your property has become +again the possession of the Government +and people of the United States."</p> + +<p>By this time these farmers had their +mouths open, and their faces became tense +and alarmed. When his words had had +time to sink in, the stranger went on: "I +have here a statement as to the number of +acres in each farm owned by each man in +this room. The first man's name is Heinrich +----; you own 320 acres of land. It +is worth at least $75,000. There is no +mortgage on this farm. Heinrich, I think +you had better buy $2,500 worth of Liberty +Bonds. I am simply advising with you as a +friend. I have made out an application for +you, and all you have to do is to sign it.</p> + +<p>"My advice to every one of you is that +you buy from three to five per cent, of the +value of your farm. I want to say incidentally<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span> +that I trust that there will never again +be held a secret meeting of the Germans in +this room to discuss the best way to avoid +supporting the United States Government in +this war against Germany, and how you can +best help the Kaiser."</p> + +<p>That little sentence worked like magic. +Every farmer in the room rose to his feet in +his anxiety to rush forward to the table. +Men literally struggled to see who should +sign up first. Their enthusiasm for the +United States Government was as boundless +as it was sudden in its manifestation.</p> + +<p>Remember that there were only two hundred +farmers in the room. And yet there +are the best of reasons for believing that the +men in that room bought that night nearly +$200,000 worth of Liberty Bonds.</p> + + +<h3>6. "Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth" Is +an Ungrateful Immigrant</h3> + +<p>One of the things that no patriot can ever +understand is the ingratitude of the Germans +who fled from the Fatherland to escape German +militarism and autocracy.</p> + +<p>Lecturing in a Western State, I met a +banker who had returned from a schoolhouse +in a rural district where he had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> +talking about the Liberty Bonds to a German +audience. One old German refused to +attend this meeting. He was very bitter in +his attacks upon our Government. He had +made no subscription to the first two Liberty +Loans; he had refused to help in the campaign +for the Red Cross Fund; he insisted +that he paid his taxes and that was all that +the Government had any right to demand +from him.</p> + +<p>He went one step further: The old man +said that he had not read a single American +newspaper since the war began, and that +nothing but a German newspaper should +cross his threshold until the war ended. +Not until that banker descended upon this +pro-German with the indignation of an outraged +patriot did the rich old farmer capitulate.</p> + +<p>The story of that German is typical. He +came to this country about 1859. When the +homestead act was passed he received from +the United States one hundred and sixty +acres of land in the very centre of one of +the richest States in this Union, and his one +hundred and sixty acre farm is now worth +about $100,000.</p> + +<p>When he ran away from Germany he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> +was receiving twenty cents a day. He rose +at daybreak, cleaned stables, milked cows, +toiled in the field, began his milking after +dark, worked sixteen hours a day, had nothing +to eat except what could not be sold by +his employer. He was a German plebeian, +with no chance ever to improve his condition. +He was ignorant, stupid, a mere beast +of burden.</p> + +<p>So the German boy slipped across the line +into Holland, came steerage to this country, +slept among the rats of the ship, but the +people of the United States welcomed that +miserable refugee. The American school, +without any charge, gave him four months' +instruction every winter until he was twenty. +The American people gave him a farm as +a free gift. This Republic educated his children, +his grandchildren and enriched them +with land, office, honours and wealth. Once +he hated autocracy and militarism in the +Fatherland—but in 1918 he loved them.</p> + +<p>No sooner did the Kaiser invade Belgium +and commit rape upon that land than this +German farmer passed through a revulsion. +Whatever the Kaiser did was right. If +Germany did a thing it was proper. Germany +had a right to break her solemn<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> +treaties; Germany had a right to sink the +<i>Lusitania</i>; if Germany was out of iron ore +she had a right to invade France and steal +her iron mines. What had been crimes suddenly +became virtues.</p> + +<p>Fleeing from the German tyrant in 1859, +in 1918 the old farmer turned upon the +United States that had befriended him.</p> + +<p>"If I have to make my choice, I choose +the Kaiser."</p> + +<p>Mentally, it seems absurd. Morally, his +was a monstrous position. But blood was +thicker than water. Gratitude had no place +in his heart.</p> + +<p>This old German regarded the gift of his +farm by our people as a sign of weakness. +The Republic gave him a homestead because +he was a superior man. He actually had a +belief that Germany would soon overrun the +world; that the Kaiser would soon be enthroned +in Washington; that some German +in Iowa would supersede the Government in +Des Moines, and he was simply getting ready, +having made friends with the Kaiser's Government, +to receive reward when the United +States became a German colony.</p> + +<p>Who can explain the obsession?</p> + +<p>It is clear that the German-Americans had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span> +been drilled for forty years through their +German newspapers in these ideas. Little +by little they have been alienated from the +institutions of the Republic. Slowly they +have been led to believe that Berlin is soon +to be a world capital and Kaiser Wilhelm +the world emperor, while only Germans +shall be allowed in this country to hold +office or land, while all Americans become +tenants and servitors thereto.</p> + +<p>Plainly this is what Siebert meant in his +book, published five years ago in Berlin:</p> + +<p>"When we have reached our goal Germany +must see to it that no race save the +German race can have a title deed in land +or carry weapons, just as in the first world +empire no one but a Roman was allowed to +own land or have a sword or spear."</p> + + +<h3>7. In Praise of Our Secret Service</h3> + +<p>Of necessity our Secret Service work is +carried on in silence and without blare of +trumpets. The achievements of the Department +of Justice cannot be proclaimed from +the housetops. Everybody knows something +about the crimes committed by the +German agents. These spies, loyal with +their lips, have in their hearts plotted innumerable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> +crimes against our Government. +They have dynamited our factories and +warehouses; they have burned shops and +planted bombs on ships; they have thrown +trains from the track; they have poisoned +the horses and mules upon the transports en +route to France; they have fouled the +springs of knowledge through their hired +reporters; with all the cunning developed by +long practice, they have spread their insidious +and perilous influences into the remotest +regions of the land. But over against these +spies and secret agents have stood the +United States Secret Service men, and with +everything in favour of the German plotter, +our defenders have beaten the German at +his own game.</p> + +<p>War was declared against Germany on +April 6, 1917. One Sunday night two or +three weeks later a large company of German-Americans +belonging to the secret German +league met in their accustomed place of +assembly. There were several hundred Germans +present, but among them were three +Secret Service men. The German lawyer +who opened the meeting was very bitter. +Having made certain that only German +sympathizers were present, he went on to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> +say that the occasion of this war could be +traced to Wall Street. Certain rich bankers +and American plutocrats had loaned perhaps +a billion dollars to England. Since the war +was going against England, these rich men +were afraid that they would lose their investment. +In their emergency they forced war +upon Congress. The speech was clever, +specious, cunning, shrewdly calculated to stir +up passion. And the speech was applauded +to the echo. The second speaker made a no +less skillful appeal to the prejudices of the +members of the secret German-American +league. Since the war was a money war, +originated by Wall Street, the Government +could be defeated as to its plans only by +money. Therefore, every member of the +league must make his contribution; no one +present but must give at least ten dollars. +And, he added, in view of the fact that it +was Sunday night and that some might be +without money, and since no checks could be +accepted, there were several German bankers +present, who would be glad to advance +money to the members who wished to make +cash contributions. The Germans had provided +in advance against every possible +emergency.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></p> + +<p>Then came the opportunity for the Secret +Service men. The first one arose and began +with an apology for a German brogue that +in reality he was assuming. He spared no +words in praising the first two speakers. +"What a wonderful man was the Kaiser! +What victories von Hindenburg had +achieved! The Fatherland was standing +with back against the wall. How wicked a +nation was France, and Poland! What a +black heart England had!" He pictured +Germany as a lamb with fleece as white as +snow, and a huge Belgian wolf jumping at +the lamb's tender throat. "What an ambitious +man was President Wilson. How +eagerly had Congress waited until Germany +was weak, and then rushed in to grab the +fruits of war!" When this man sat down +his hearers were in a state of rapturous upheaval. +But scarcely had his voice ceased +echoing in the air when the second Secret +Service man arose. Having complimented +the first two speeches by the German plotters, +he said that he thought he represented +the members in expressing the judgment that +the third speaker had made a speech that +was unrivalled in its statement as to the duty +of the members toward the Kaiser and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> +beloved Fatherland. The second Secret +Service man, therefore, moved that it be the +sense of the meeting that the member who +had just spoken be made secretary of the +meeting, be custodian of the funds just contributed. +In five minutes he had all the +secrets of the meeting safely lodged in the +hands of the first Secret Service man. At +this point the third representative of the +Government arose and nominated the second +Secret Service speaker, who had just taken +his seat, as teller to count the funds, and in +recognition of this man's gifts the teller immediately +afterwards appointed the third +Secret Service man assistant teller. During +the next three hours, in the secrecy of their +own meeting, over twenty prosperous and +influential Germans committed themselves +against this Government.</p> + +<p>About midnight the secretary and the two +tellers turned over to the two Germans who +had made the two big speeches at the opening +of the meeting the entire collection, +which amounted to thousands of dollars. +But at half-past twelve, as these two Germans +were entering their hotel, four Secret +Service men tapped them on the shoulder +and promptly relieved them of the aforementioned<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> +thousands. One of these men is +now working out his sentence in a Southern +penitentiary and the other in a Western +penitentiary. Their sentences were for +twenty-eight years. The other men who +defended Germany and attacked the United +States are serving terms—some long and +some short. It is a proverb that the wicked +flee when no man pursueth. But Dr. Parkhurst +coined a striking sentence when he +added: "The wicked man makes better +time in fleeing when the righteous Secret +Service man pursues him with a sharp stick."</p> + + +<p class="hd4">Printed in the United States of America</p> + + +<div class="trans1"><b>Transcriber's Note:</b><br /> +Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.</div> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BLOT ON THE KAISER'S 'SCUTCHEON***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 22821-h.txt or 22821-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/2/8/2/22821">http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/8/2/22821</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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