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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Buddha, by Paul Carus
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Buddha
+       A Drama in Five Acts and Four Interludes
+
+Author: Paul Carus
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2007 [EBook #22782]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BUDDHA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Sankar Viswanathan,
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                         Transcriber's Note:
+
+   The spelling and accents of Sanskrit names is not consistent in
+   the book. The Table of Contents is not part of the original book.
+
+
+
+                              THE BUDDHA
+
+                       A DRAMA IN FIVE ACTS AND
+
+                           FOUR INTERLUDES
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                              PAUL CARUS
+
+
+
+                               CHICAGO
+
+                    THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.
+
+                          LONDON: 149 Strand
+
+                                 1913
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS
+
+
+          DIRECTIONS TO THE STAGE MANAGER.
+
+          CAST OF CHARACTERS.
+
+          GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS.
+
+          ACT I.
+
+          ACT II.
+
+          ACT III.
+
+          ACT IV.
+
+          ACT V.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+DIRECTIONS TO THE STAGE MANAGER.
+
+
+The scenery can be made very attractive by both historical accuracy
+and a display of Oriental luxury, but the drama may easily be
+performed with simple means at a small cost without losing its
+dramatic effect. Some of the changes, however, should be very rapid.
+The interludes can be replaced by lantern slide pictures, or may be
+omitted.
+
+If the interludes are retained there need not be any intermission in
+the whole drama.
+
+The music for the Buddha's Hymn of Victory, pages 5 and 39 (see _The
+Open Court_, XIX, 49); the dirge on page 19, (_Open Court_, XIX, 567);
+Yasodhara's Song, page 37 (_Open Court_, XVIII, 625); and the
+Doxology, page 63 and at the end (_Open Court_, XVIII, 627), may be
+found in a collection entitled _Buddhist Hymns_ (Chicago, Open Court
+Publishing Co., 1911).
+
+COPYRIGHT BY
+
+THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.
+
+1913
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CAST OF CHARACTERS.
+
+_All vowels to be pronounced as in Italian._
+
+
+Siddháttha Gótama, Prince of the Sakyas, later on the Buddha      _B_
+
+Suddhodana, King of the Sakyas, father of Siddháttha              _S_
+
+Pajapati, Queen of the Sakyas, aunt and stepmother of
+  Siddháttha                                                      _P_
+
+Princess Yasodhara, Siddháttha's wife                             _Y_
+
+Rahula, Yasodhara's son                                           _R_
+
+Devadatta, brother of Yasodhara                                   _Dd_
+
+Kala Udayin, a gardener's son                                     _K_
+
+Gopa, Yasodhara's maid                                            _G_
+
+Visakha, a Brahman, Prime Minister of Suddhodana                  _V_
+
+Devala, a Sakya Captain                                           _D_
+
+Bimbisara, King of Magadha                                        _Bb_
+
+Ambapali, King Bimbisara's favorite                               _Ap_
+
+Nagadeva, Prime Minister of Mágadha, leader of an embassy         _N_
+
+General Siha, in the service of King Bimbisara                    _GS_
+
+Jeta, Prince of Northern Kosala                                   _J_
+
+Anatha Pindika, a wealthy man of Savattha                         _A_
+
+Mara, the Evil One                                                _M_
+
+Channa, Prince Siddháttha's groom                                 _Ch_
+
+Master of Ceremonies at Magadha                                   _Mc_
+
+General Siha's Captain                                            _C_
+
+A Brahman Priest                                                  _Pr_
+
+A Farmer                                                          _F_
+
+Servant                                                           _St_
+
+Ministers, Officers, Soldiers, Trumpeters, Villagers, A Shepherd.
+  Singers: Mara's Daughters, Angels, Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS.
+
+
+Buddha, the Enlightened One, the Saviour.
+
+Bodhi, enlightenment or wisdom.
+
+Bodhisatta, a seeker of the bodhi, one who endeavors to become a
+Buddha.
+
+Bodhi tree, the tree under which Buddha acquires enlightenment.
+
+Muni, thinker or sage.
+
+Sakyamuni, the Sage of the Sakyas, the Buddha.
+
+Tathagata, a title of Buddha, which probably means "The Perfect
+One," or "he who has reached completion."
+
+Nirvana (in Pali, "Nibbana") eternal bliss.
+
+Kapilavatthu, capital of the Sakyas.
+
+Kosala, an Indian state divided into Northern and Southern Kosala.
+
+Savátthi, capital of Northern Kosala.
+
+Jetavana, the pleasure garden of Prince Jeta at Savátthi.
+
+Mágadha, a large kingdom in the Ganges Valley.
+
+Rajagáha, capital of Magadha.
+
+Uruvela, a place near Benares.
+
+Arada and U'draka, two philosophers.
+
+Licchávi, a princely house of Vesali.
+
+Nirgrántha (lit. "liberated from bonds"), a name adopted by the
+adherents of the Jaina sect.
+
+Indra, in the time of Buddha worshiped by the people as the most
+powerful god.
+
+Issara, the Lord, a name of God Indra.
+
+Yama, the god of death.
+
+Káli, a Brahman goddess, called also Durga.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+FIRST SCENE.
+
+[A tropical garden in Kapilavatthu, in the background mountains, at a
+distance the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas. On the right near the
+front a marble bench surrounded with bushes. Further back the palace
+entrance of the Raja's residence. Above the entrance a balcony. On the
+left a fortified gate with a guard house; all built luxuriously in
+antique Indian style.]
+
+
+    _Present_: SUDDHODANA, _the king_ (_S_); PAJAPATI, _the
+    queen_ (_P_), _and the minister of state_ VISAKHA (_V_).
+
+_S._ My son Siddhattha truly loves his wife,
+And since their wedlock has been blessed by this
+Sweet, promising, this hale and healthy child,
+His melancholy will give way to joy,
+And we reclaim his noble energies
+To do good service for our race and state.
+New int'rests and new duties give new courage
+And thus this babe will prove his father's saviour
+For he will tie his soul to life again.
+
+_P._ I fear his grief lies deeper than you think.
+
+_S._ What sayest thou, my trusty counselor?
+
+_V._ This is the last hope which I have for him,
+I followed your advice and tried all means
+To cure Siddhattha of his pensive mood.
+I taught him all that will appeal to man:
+The sports of youth, the joy of poetry
+And art, the grandeur of our ancient lore,
+The pleasures e'en of wanton sense; but naught
+Would satisfy the yearnings of his heart.
+
+_S._ Yet for religion he shows interest:
+He ponders on the problems of the world.
+
+_V._ Indeed he ponders on life's meaning much,
+Investigates the origin of things
+But irreligious are his ways of thought.
+He shows no reverence for Issara,
+And Indra is to him a fairy tale.
+He grudgeth to the gods a sacrifice
+And sheddeth tears at immolated lambs.
+Oh no! he's not religious. If he were,
+His ills could easily be cured by faith,
+By confidence in Issara, the Lord.
+
+_S._ What then is your opinion of the case?
+
+_V._ Siddhattha is a youth of rarest worth,
+And he surpasseth men in every virtue
+Except in one.--He is too independent:
+He recognizeth no authority,
+Neither of men nor gods. He suffereth
+[_More and more impressively_]
+From the incurable disease of thought.
+
+_S._ Cure thought with thought, teach him philosophy,
+Show him the purpose of our holy writ.
+Instruct him in the meaning of the Vedas,
+Reveal to him their esoteric sense.
+
+_V._ My lord, I did, but he is critical,
+He makes objections and will not believe.
+He raises questions which I cannot answer,
+And his conclusions are most dangerous.
+
+_P._ It seems to me that you exaggerate;
+Siddhattha is not dangerous. He is
+As gentle as my sister was, his mother,
+And almost overkind to every one.
+
+_V._ I know, my gracious lady, but e'en kindness
+May harmful be, if it is out of place.
+
+_S._ I see no danger in his gentle nature.
+
+_V._ But he lacks strength, decision, warlike spirit.
+
+_S._ That cometh with maturer years.
+
+_V._                                 I doubt it:
+Your son, my Lord, not only hath no faith
+In holy writ, neither does he believe
+In caste-distinction, and he would upset
+The sanctioned order of our institutions.
+He would abolish sacrifice and holdeth
+The Brahman ritual in deep contempt.
+
+_S._ Your words alarm me.
+
+_V._                      Rightly so; I fear
+That he will stir the people to rebellion;
+But since a child is born to him, his mind
+May turn from dreams to practical affairs.
+There are some men who care not for themselves,
+Who scorn high caste, position, wealth and honor,
+So far as they themselves may be concerned,
+But they are anxious for their children's fortune,
+And so Siddhattha soon may change his views.
+
+_S._ Let us be patient for a while yet longer.
+Keep everything unpleasant out of sight,
+Invite him merry company. Remove
+His gloomy cousin Devadatta. He tries
+To reach a state of bliss by fasts,
+His very play is penance and contrition.
+
+_P._ Ananda is a better boon companion,
+He is not so morose as Devadatta.
+
+_S._ Neither is he the right friend for my son.
+I grant he has a loving disposition,
+But he is pensive too. Surround Siddhattha
+With lads such as the gardner's jolly son,
+Kala Udayin. Like a lark he warbles!
+Would there were more like him. He jokes and laughs
+And never makes a sullen face. But tell me
+How is to-day Kala Udayin's father?
+
+_V._ His sickness turns from bad to worse. I fear
+He cannot live.
+
+_S._ [_with concern_] Have him removed from here;
+Siddhattha likes him much and if he knew
+Udayin's sorry fate, it might undo
+All good effects of joyful fatherhood.
+
+_V._ The best will be to move him in the night.
+
+_S._ Move him by night, and do it soon.--But hush,
+Yasodhara is coming with her babe.
+
+    YASODHARA (_Y_) _and two attendant maids, one carries an
+    umbrella, shading the Princess; the other,_ GOPA (_G_),
+    _carries the infant_.
+
+_P._ [_meets her and kisses her._]
+Welcome, thou sweetest flower of our garden,
+Thou ray of sunshine in Siddhattha's life.
+
+_S._ My dearest daughter! how is Rahula?
+
+_Y._ My royal father, Rahula is growing,
+And he increases daily in his weight;
+To-day he smiled at me most cunningly.
+I'll lay him down, for he is fast asleep.
+
+    _All enter the palace. The stage remains empty a moment.
+    Soft, serious music (Buddha's "Hymn of Victory") is heard._
+
+
+SECOND SCENE.
+
+
+    SIDDHATTHA (_B_) _and_ KALA UDAYIN (_K_) _enter_.
+
+_K._ My sweet Prince, when you are king you must appoint me court
+jester. Will you, my good Lord? We two are good contrasts: You full of
+dignity upon a royal throne, a golden crown upon your head, the
+scepter in your hand, and I dressed in motley with cap and bells.
+Heigh ho! That will be jolly. And after all we are so much alike!
+
+_B._ A royal crown shall never grace my head.
+
+_K._ And why should it not, sweet Prince?
+
+_B._ I have a higher aim, a greater mission.
+What is a kingdom? What are wealth and power?
+What crown and scepter? They are transient things,
+I yearn for the Immortal state, Nirvana.
+
+_K._ Then wilt thou be a Buddha? Oh, even then will I follow thee.
+
+    _He kneels down with clasped hands._
+
+    Wilt thou a holy Buddha be,
+    O keep me in thy company
+    Though I'm a jester. I'll be good.
+    Let me attain beatitude.
+
+_B._ Rise Kala, rise, I am a mortal man,
+I'm not omniscient, nor have I yet
+Attained the goal of goals, enlightenment.--
+Tell me, why dost thou think we are alike?
+
+_K._ My Lord, you have no ambition to be a king; you think the world
+is full of vanity, and you consider that life and its glory will pass
+away. That is exactly what I think. I agree with you. Only, you are of
+a serious disposition and take the matter to heart, while I think it
+is great fun. What is the use of thinking so much. We are all like
+bubbles: we float in the air, and then the bubble bursts and this life
+is over. I am now a poor boy. I fear no change. In a future
+incarnation I may be born as the son of a king, like you. And think
+of it, after a few million years, this whole world, this big bulky
+stupid institution, this home of so many villains, and a couple of
+good ones like us two among them, the theater of rascalities, of
+vanities, of follies, will be scattered to the winds, as if it had
+never existed. Be merry, my Prince, so long as the comedy lasts.
+
+    DEVADATTA (_Dd._) _appears in the background.
+    His cheeks are sunken and his face is gloomy.
+    His eye has a fanatic expression._
+
+_B._ Consider, it may prove a tragedy.
+
+_K._ Let it be what it may be. To me it will be what I think it is. It
+is a huge joke.
+
+_B._ But who will laugh at it, my friend?
+
+_K._                                     I will.
+
+_B._ Kala, the time will come when thou wilt weep.
+
+_K._ Well then? And if I weep I shall shed tears.
+
+    Tears are a sweet relief
+    In anguish pain and grief.
+    I'll make the best of all,
+    Whatever may befall.
+
+_B._ Thy prattle seemeth foolish, but it hideth
+A deep philosophy.
+
+_K._              Why then, good Lord,
+Why wilt thou not its merry lesson learn?
+
+_B._ Good Kala listen, and thou'lt understand:
+There is a difference between our aims:
+Thou clingest to this world of transiency,
+But I seek the Etern. Thou seest not
+The misery of life, for thou art happy--
+Happy at least at present, though the next
+Moment may find thee writhing in lament.
+I seek a place of refuge whence I can
+Extend my hand to help those in distress.
+I will attain the state of Buddhahood
+To bring deliverance to all mankind.
+
+_Dd._ Why do you waste your time, Siddhattha, with this frivolous lad?
+What profit can there be in gossip such as you two carry on?
+
+_K._ You always scold, you hollow-eyed sour face! You always moralize.
+Even your good brother-in-law is too worldly for you.
+
+_Dd._ I did not speak to you, I addressed myself to Siddhattha.
+
+_B._ Udayin has a heart, a human heart,
+And all my sympathy goes out to him.
+
+_Dd._ If you intend to lead a religious life and go into homelessness,
+you had better devote yourself to fasts and contemplations.
+
+_K._ You do not talk to me, but I will talk to you, and I will tell
+you that in all your religious exercises you think of yourself, while
+Siddhattha thinks of others. I wish you would go into homelessness.
+Nobody would miss you here.
+
+    _Addressing himself to_ SIDDHATTHA.
+
+But, good my Lord, you must not go into homelessness, because you will
+do more harm than good.
+
+_B._ How can that be, my good Kala Udayin?
+
+_K._ There comes your noble wife, Yasodhara.
+
+    YASODHARA _comes, her maids with umbrellas keep at a
+    respectful distance_.
+
+_Y._ Come see our boy, he is a lovely child;
+He just woke up. He maketh you forget,
+The sad thoughts of your heart on world and life,
+For he, the darling babe, is life himself.
+
+    KALA _flirts with_ GOPA, _one of_ YASODHARA'S _maids_.
+
+_B._ I'll follow thee at once.
+
+_Y._ [_Addressing Devadatta_]
+And brother, will you come along?
+
+_Dd._                               Not I.
+This child is but the beginning of new misery. It continues the old
+error in the eternal round on the wheel of life.
+
+    _She goes into the house._ DEVADATTA _withdraws into the
+    garden_.
+
+_B._            Now Kala speak.
+
+_K._ O Prince Siddhattha, do not go into homelessness, do not leave
+us. I cannot live without you. You are my comfort, my teacher, my
+guide. I do not follow your instructions, but I love to hear them. Oh
+I could not live without you. Do not go, sweet Prince. Think of your
+wife, your dear good lovely wife, it will break her heart. Think of
+your child. Do not go, noble Prince. Let somebody else become the
+saviour of the world. Somebody else can just as well become the
+deliverer and the Buddha. I am sure there are many who would like to
+fill that place, and somebody can do it who has a less comfortable
+home to leave, who has a less lovely wife, who is not heir to a
+kingdom, and who has not such a sweet promising little boy as you
+have. I cannot live without you.
+
+_B._ Wouldst thou go with me?
+
+_K._ [_kneels_]                       Yes my Lord, I would.
+Take me along and I will cheer you up.
+
+_B._ Wouldst thou go begging food from house to house?
+With bowl in hand, a homeless mendicant?
+
+_K._ No sir, that would not suit me.
+
+_B._ Wouldst thou by night sleep under forest trees?
+
+_K._ No sir, I would catch cold. That's not for me. [_Rises_] If you
+needs must go, sir, you had better go alone. That life is not for me.
+I will go and hear the nightingale.
+
+    SIDDHATTHA _follows the Princess into the palace_.
+
+_K._    A Buddha's life
+        Is not for every one.
+        He has no wife
+        No pleasure and no fun.
+        He cannot laugh,
+        He cannot cry;
+        He cannot love
+        He cannot sigh.
+        He's always preaching, preaching.
+        He's always teaching, teaching.
+        He wonders at time's transiency
+        And ponders on man's misery,
+        And findeth his salvation
+        In dreary resignation.
+        That life I see
+        Is not for me:
+        'Twould be ill spent;
+        I would not find enlightenment.
+        I lift not the world's woe
+        And in my quest for truth would fail
+        [_Muses a moment._]
+        So I had better go
+        And listen to the nightingale.
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN exit._
+
+         [During the last scene twilight has gradually set in.]
+
+
+THIRD SCENE.
+
+[The scene changes by open curtain. A veil comes down, and when its
+goes up again we see the bed chamber of Siddhattha and Yasodhara dimly
+lit by tapers.]
+
+
+    _YASODHARA (Y) on the bed with babe in arms, two maids in
+    waiting. SIDDHATTHA (B) comes in. A halo of light (not too
+    strong) surrounds his head. The princess rises, lays the babe
+    down and advances toward her husband._
+
+_Y._ O good my Lord, my Prince, my Husband!
+
+    _A pause. She changes her voice as if ashamed of her show of
+    feeling. With a matter-of-fact intonation._
+
+Rahula fell asleep again.
+
+_B._ Why art thou sad, my good Yasodhara?
+I see a tear that glitters in thine eye.
+
+_Y._ An unspeakable melancholy steals over my soul when
+I hear you speak of your religious longings.
+
+_B._ Wouldest thou not rejoice if I fulfilled
+My mission; if I reached the highest goal?
+
+_Y._ Oh! Siddhattha! you do not love me.
+
+_B._ My heart embraces all the world--and thee.
+
+_Y._ If you loved me truly, there would not be much room for all the
+world. You think of the world all day long, and have not a minute's
+time for your wife.
+
+_B._ I have, my dear!
+
+_Y._ My noble Husband!
+
+_B._ Speak!
+
+_Y._ Scarcely do I dare to call you by that name. You are kind and
+gentle, but for a husband you are too lofty, too distant in your
+dignity. It may be wrong in me, it may be sinful, but I wish you were
+less lofty and more loving.
+
+_B._ My dearest "Wife," I call thee so on purpose--
+My dearest "Wife," thou dost not understand:
+The misery and ills of all the world
+Weigh heavy on my heart. I'll find no peace
+Until at last a remedy be found.
+
+_Y._ Why dost thou trouble about others? Think of thy son, thy
+sweetest Rahula, and if thou lovest me a little only, think of me.
+
+_B._ I think of thee, my loving Wife, but when
+I think of thee I think of all--of all
+The loving wives, the happy trembling mothers
+All over in the world. Happy they are,
+But trembling for their babes. Oh! bear in mind,
+We all are in the net of sorrow caught.
+This world is full of pain, disease and death;
+And even death brings no relief. Because
+The wheel of life rolls on. The ills continue
+In births that constantly repeat themselves.
+
+_Y._ Oh! do not speak of it my Lord, it makes me sad. Why do you think
+of misery, while here we are surrounded by wealth and comfort, and
+even the prospects of our future are most auspicious. Why borrow
+trouble before it comes?
+
+_B._ My dear Yasodhara, change is the law
+Of being. Now we prosper, but the wheel
+Goes round and brings the high into the dust.
+
+_Y._ You suffer from bad dreams;
+
+_B._           Listen to me.
+
+    _They sit down._
+
+In this luxurious palace and these gardens,
+Surrounding it, was I brought up with care.
+I saw naught but the fair, the beautiful,
+The pleasant side of life.
+
+_Y._            I know, Siddhattha--
+I know it very well.
+
+_B._          You know, my father
+Has kept me ignorant of evil things.
+I might have thought that such is life throughout,
+But I began to doubt and asked for leave
+To see the world outside these palace walls.
+Not without difficulty did I gain
+Permission, and with Channa in a chariot
+I drove away--when suddenly before me
+I saw a sight I'd never seen before.
+There was a man with wrinkled face, bleared eyes,
+And stooping gait, a sight most pitiable.
+
+    _YASODHARA is much moved._
+
+While I was horror-struck, Channa passed by
+Indifferent, for _he_ had seen such men.
+Too well he knew the common fate of all;
+But I, the first time in my life, did learn
+That, _if_ we but live long enough, we all
+Shall be such miserable wretched dotards.
+
+_Y._ Too sudden came this saddening truth to you.
+
+_B._ Channa sped on his horses out of town,
+But there again! what an ungainly sight!
+A man lay on the road-side, weak and helpless,
+With trembling frame and feverish cramps.
+I shut mine eyes to so much racking pain,
+Still I could hear his groaning and his moaning.
+"Oh, Channa," said I to the charioteer:
+"Why does this happen? How deserves this man
+The wretchedness of his great agonies?"
+"How do I know?" said Channa, "for we all
+Are subject to distemper and disease.
+Sometimes the best are stricken--and must die!"
+"Must die?" cried I, "What does that word portend?"
+For, you must know, I never heard of death.
+My father had forbidden, at his court
+To speak to me of anything unpleasant.
+"Yea, die!" said Channa, "Look around and see!"
+Along the road a funeral procession
+Moved slowly, solemnly and mournfully
+And on the bier a corpse, stark, stiff and cold.
+
+_Y._ Do not be troubled, death is still far off.
+
+_B._ Oh do not feel secure, for the three evils
+Surround us constantly and everywhere,
+And even now death hovers o'er our house.
+When I was born my mother went to heaven,
+Which means, she died when she gave life to me.
+
+_Y._ My Lord don't think of evils that are past.
+
+_B._ The world's impermanence is still the same,
+And all material things are conformations
+Subject to pain, decay and dissolution.
+Yet unconcerned in blessed carelessness
+Man hunteth after pleasure. Transiency
+Has set its mark on life, and there is none
+Who can escape its curse. There is no mortal
+Who's always happy. Misery surprises
+The luckiest with unexpected terror.
+Then, in addition, unseen powers breed
+Most heinous maladies and fever heat.
+E'en if we were exceptions, thou must grant
+That finally we too will meet our doom.
+The ghastly specter Death, the stern king Yama,
+Awaiteth all of us. Such is our fate!
+
+_Y._ O put away these gloomy thoughts, and think
+Of life and love, and of thy lovely child.
+
+_B._ Could we be truly happy while the world
+Is filled with misery? Mine eyes are opened;
+I see how death his gruesome revel holds.
+He owns the world and sways its destinies.
+One creature ruthlessly preys on the other,
+And man, the cleverest, preys on them all.
+Nor is he free, for man preys upon man!
+Nowhere is peace, and everywhere is war;
+Life's mighty problem must be solved at last.--
+I have a mission to fulfil.
+
+_Y._                   And me
+Wouldst sacrifice for a philosophy,
+For the idea of an idle quest!
+
+_B._ 'Tis not for me to ask whether my quest
+Be vain: for me 'tis to obey the call.
+
+_Y._ [_with passionate outburst_] Siddhattha, O my Lord, my husband,
+what wilt thou do? Dost thou forget the promise made me on our wedding
+day?
+
+_B_. Yasodhara, a higher duty calls.
+The time will come, and it is close at hand,
+When I shall wander into homelessness.
+I'll leave this palace and its splendid gardens
+I'll leave the pleasures of this world behind
+To go in quest of Truth, of saving Truth.
+
+    _YASODHARA sinks on her knees before him and clasps his
+    knees._
+
+_Y._ And me, my Lord, thy quest will make a widow!
+Oh, stay, and build thee here a happy home.
+
+_B._ My dear Yasodhara, it cannot be.
+
+    _The Prince stands lost in thought. Rahula is restless.
+    YASODHARA rises and turns toward the child._
+
+_Y_. He wakes again. I come, my babe, I come.
+
+[The veil comes down again, and when it rises it shows the garden
+before the palace as in the first scene, but it is night and all is
+wrapped in darkness.]
+
+
+FOURTH SCENE.
+
+
+_King SUDDHODANA (S) and his minister VISAKHA (V) come out of the
+entrance._ _Later on Captain DEVALA (D) and soldiers._
+
+_S._ Unfortunate, most unfortunate, that Udayin died. Siddhattha will
+miss the gardener and will ask for him.
+
+_V._ The Prince loves flowers, and he knows them all by name; he loves
+trees and shrubs, and praises them for yielding fruit and grain for
+feeding us without the need of shedding blood.
+
+_S._ Have the body removed so long as it is dark.
+
+_V_. The moon is full to-day and must rise in a little while.
+
+_S._ Double the guards at the gate. I am afraid my son will flee. It
+would be a disgrace on my house to have him become a mendicant. The
+kings of Kosala, of Magadha, and all the others look with envy on our
+sturdy people; they dislike our free institutions and our warlike
+spirit. They would scoff at us if a Sakya prince had become a monk.
+But if Siddhattha does flee, I swear by Lord Indra that I shall disown
+him; I will no longer recognize him as my son. I will disinherit him
+and make Rahula my heir apparent.
+
+    _VISAKHA looks at SUDDHODANA in amazement._
+
+_S_. I am serious and I will do it. I swore an oath, and Issara will
+help me to keep it. Now go to the captain of the guards and do as I
+bid you.
+
+    _Exit. The Minister alone._
+
+_V._ Oh! What a chance for me! Siddhattha will flee, if he be not
+prevented; he will be disinherited. Rahula is a babe, and it will take
+twenty years before he grows up to manhood.--[_He muses._] I may
+proceed on different lines, and one of them must certainly lead to
+success. I may marry the Princess and become the stepfather of the
+heir apparent, his guardian, the man who has him in his power--Hm! Hm!
+I need not plan too far ahead. And if that plan did not work, the King
+of Magadha would make me raja of the Sakyas, if I would recognize him
+as my liege.
+
+    _The full moon rises and the scene becomes gradually
+    brighter. VISAKHA knocks at the gate._
+
+Who is on guard?
+
+    _Officer comes out._
+
+_D._ I am, my Lord, 'tis Captain Devala.
+
+_V._ 'Tis well. King Suddhodana requests you to double your guard
+to-night, for he has reasons. Further he wants you to remove the
+corpse of Udayin, the gardener who died to-day of an infectious
+disease. Be on your guard, for where a dead body lies there are
+ghosts--and [_in a half whisper_] when you see demons or gods, keep
+yourselves, you and your men, locked up in the guard house, and the
+spook will pass without harm.
+
+_D._ Your order shall be punctiliously obeyed.
+
+    _Pays his military salute and returns to the guard house._
+
+_V._ That settles the guard, and should Siddhattha flee he will find
+no obstacle.
+
+    _Two men come out of the guard house and enter the palace
+    with a bier. KALA UDAYIN comes back from the garden. VISAKHA
+    retires into the background._
+
+_K._ The nightingale is a sweet bird, but I like the lark better. The
+nightingale is more artistic, but his song is melancholy, he is so
+sentimental! The lark has a mere twitter like my own song, I like the
+lark better. How beautiful is this summer night; How glorious is the
+moon; how fragrant are the roses in the garden! It is a most
+auspicious night, and all breathes happiness.
+
+    _VISAKHA from his hiding place watches KALA._
+
+_V._ He comes in time, his presence will prosper my plans.
+
+[Kala is lost in thought. Music, from Beethoven's Seventh Symphony,
+somber and as if coming from a distance, is heard.]
+
+_K._ [_while the music plays_] What a strange presentiment is stealing
+over my soul. Perhaps I was too happy! What does Siddhattha say?
+
+    "All conformations always are transient,[A]
+    Harrassed by sorrow, lacking a self."
+
+[Footnote A: The quoted lines run in the same rhythm as the melody and
+should be pronounced accordingly. See _Buddhist Hymns_, p. 22.]
+
+    _The men come with the corpse on the bier. KALA stops them._
+
+_K._ What do you carry? Who is this? [_he shrieks_] My father! [_The
+carriers set the corpse down and Kala sinks down by the bier._] Oh, my
+father! my dearest father! How did you die? Why did you leave me? Oh,
+my father! [_he sobs_].
+
+    _The moon sinks behind a cloud._
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA comes._
+
+_B._ What may the trouble be? I heard a shriek.
+
+    _KALA raises himself half way up. The scene is bright again._
+
+_K._ Oh, my Prince! See here! My father is dead! Now I know the truth
+as well as you. Now I feel the pain. The time has come for me to
+lament. I was so happy and I would not believe you.--Oh ye who are
+happy, think in the hour of happiness that all is subject to
+suffering, and the hour of suffering will come to you too. Nay more
+than that, the hour of death will come; it has come to my father, it
+will come to you and to me, and then my caroling will stop forever.
+Oh, my poor father!
+
+_B._ How rarely is thy advent welcome, Death,
+E'en this poor gardener who a servant was
+His livelong days, leaves in our hearts a gap.
+His son lamenteth him, and I not less;
+He was my loving friend; my educator,
+He had me on his knees so many a time,
+To tell me how the flowers will grow and blow,
+And how they prosper after rainy days.
+May gentle lilies from thy ashes spring,
+Decked with the purity of thine own heart,
+And with their fragrance give the same delight
+That in thy present life thou gavest us.
+
+    _The carriers lift up the body and carry it out._
+
+Oh, fare thee well, thou good and worthy friend,
+Oh, fare thee well, but thy departure is
+To me a token that my time has come.
+
+    _Turning to KALA who all the while was lying prostrate
+    weeping._
+
+Weep not, companion of my childhood days,
+But bear in mind the courage of thy mirth.
+Remember all the virtues of thy father
+And let them live again in thine own heart.
+Thou must not yield to weakness and lamenting,
+Tend to life's duties: Go and call me Channa,
+Bid him to saddle Kanthaka, my steed,
+And let him ready be for a night's ride.
+
+    _KALA exit. SIDDHATTHA alone._
+
+The hour has come! and now my last farewell
+To thee my wife and Rahula my son.
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA makes a few steps and halts._
+
+This is the greatest sacrifice I bring:
+I leave behind a crown without regret;
+I leave the luxury of wealth and power;
+I care for them as though they were but ashes
+But I must also leave my wife and child:
+Here I must prove the courage of my heart.
+
+    _Enters the house._
+
+
+FIFTH SCENE.
+
+[The veil of clouds comes down, and when it rises we see Yasodhara's
+bedroom again.]
+
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA (B) enters. YASODHARA (Y) sleeps with the babe in
+    her arms._
+
+_B._ Here lie the rarest treasures of this life,
+My noble wife, my dear boy Rahula.
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA approaches the bed._
+
+Your sleep is sweet in your sweet innocence,
+And I will not disturb your blissful rest.
+I will go out in search for saving Truth
+And shall not come again unless 't be found
+Farewell my wife and Rahula my son.
+Must I be gone? Is this, in sooth, my duty?
+
+    _He goes toward the door. There he stops._
+
+Perchance on their account I ought to stay.
+But no! my father can take care of them.
+It is my tender heart that makes me weak.
+This is the greatest sacrifice I bring.
+
+
+SIXTH SCENE
+
+[Change of scene, as rapid as before. The garden before the palace]
+
+
+    _CHANNA (Ch.) enters with a horse._
+
+_Channa._ My Prince, here is your steed!
+
+    _MARA (M), a superhuman figure, gaudily dressed, hovering in
+    the air, suddenly appears and addresses SIDDHATTHA (B)._
+
+_M._ It is a shame to leave your wife and child.
+
+_B._ [_Addressing the vision in the air._]
+Mara, thou here? thou wicked one, thou tempter!
+
+_K._ Oh do not leave us Prince. Think of the wrong you do.
+You wrong your royal father, you wrong your wife, you wrong your child.
+
+_B._ What sayest thou? Thou sayest I do wrong?
+The same rebuke is echoed in my heart;
+It is so sweet, so loving, so alluring!
+And shall I listen to its tender voice?
+How pleasant would it be to stay at home,
+And to enjoy my wife's love and my child's!
+Is that my duty? Say, is that my duty?
+
+_K._ Surely my Lord, your duties lie at home.
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA wavers as if in doubt. He stands pondering for a
+    moment._
+
+_B._ Who will instruct me where my duty lies?
+
+_M._ I will instruct thee, I will guide thee right.
+
+_K._ How can you doubt, my Prince? And can you not
+Search for the truth here in this pleasant garden?
+There're spots enough where you can think and ponder,
+And meditate among the fragrant flowers.
+
+_B._ Here I shall never reach my goal.
+
+_K._             Stay here.
+A kingdom is your sure inheritance,
+While Buddahood is but a doubtful prize.
+
+_B._ And shall the world wait for another Buddha?
+So many millions clamor for the truth!
+
+    _With determination._
+
+I hear the call and naught shall hold me back.
+I see my duty and I will obey.
+
+_M._ Wilt thou not stay, my noble Prince Siddhattha?
+The wheel of empire turns, and thee I shall
+Make king of kings to rule the whole broad earth.
+Think of the good which thou wilt do as king!
+And then as king of kings thy mighty power
+Will spread the good religion o'er the world.
+
+_B._ I know thee Mara, tempter, Evil One,
+Prince of this world, I know thy voice, thy meaning.
+The gifts thou offerest are transient treasures,
+And thy dominion is mere vanity.
+I go to found a kingdom in the realm
+Of the immortal state which lasts for aye.
+Thou hinderest and dost not help the truth.
+
+_K._ Thou speakest to the empty air, my Prince,
+For I see no one whom thou thus addressest.
+
+    _CHANNA helps SIDDHATTHA to mount, and while the gate opens
+    leads the horse out of the gate, and KALA enters into the
+    palace. VISAKHA is coming to the front._
+
+_V._ He is gone. He has made room for me. The time will come when this
+kingdom will be mine.
+
+_Y._ [_from the balcony_] Siddhattha! Siddhattha! Where are you? He is
+gone! He has departed into homelessness! [_She faints._]
+
+    [CURTAIN]
+
+
+_FIRST INTERLUDE._
+
+_Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music, as an introduction
+to Act II._
+
+
+1. BEGGING FOOD.
+
+A scene of the Prince's life as a mendicant friar.
+
+A Hindu village, Siddhattha stands bowl in hand before a hut; a woman
+dishes some rice from a kettle into his bowl; villagers, including
+children, stand around gazing at him,--a few with clasped hands.
+
+2. THE KING GREETS THE MENDICANT.
+
+Tradition tells that King Bimbisara, hearing of the noble monk, went
+out to see him and offered him to take part in the government. This
+being refused, the King requested him to visit Rajagaha, the royal
+residence, as soon as Siddhattha had become a Buddha.
+
+Siddhattha is seated under a tree near a brook; the king stands before
+him, surrounded by his retinue.
+
+3 PREACHING TO THE VILLAGERS.
+
+Under the tree in the market place of a Hindu village The Buddha is
+seated in the attitude of a preacher. The villagers stand or squat
+around intently listening.
+
+4. SAVED FROM STARVATION
+
+In company with other monks, Siddhattha sought for a while
+enlightenment by self-mortification.
+
+Being exhausted by severe fasts, the mendicant faints, and Nanda, the
+shepherd's daughter, passing by, refreshes him with rice milk. His
+five disciples at a distance fear that he has given up his quest for
+truth.
+
+
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+FIRST SCENE
+
+[Seven years have elapsed since the first act. A room in the royal
+palace at Magadha]
+
+
+    _Present: NAGADEVA (N), the prime minister, GENERAL SIHA
+    (GS), commander-in-chief of the Magadha forces. Later on the
+    MASTER OF CEREMONIES (MC), KING BIMBISARA (Bb.), a trumpeter
+    and a small body guard._
+
+_N._ It is a joy to serve this mighty king
+Whose power extendeth over many lands.
+In peace he ruleth wisely, and his subjects
+Obey him willingly for he is just.
+In war he swoops upon his enemies
+As doth a hawk upon a helpless chicken,
+Quick in attack, lucky in every fight.
+Indeed he earned his name deservedly,
+The warlike Bimbisara.
+
+_GS._            At his side
+I fought with him in many a doubtful battle
+With all the odds against us, but his daring,
+Joined to a rare instinctive foresight
+By which he could anticipate all dangers,
+Would win the day and ne'er was he defeated!
+In this our latest war he took great risks,
+Might have been taken by his foes, and would
+Have lost his liberty, his throne, his life;
+But venturing much he won, and by exposing
+His own high person in the brunt of battle
+He stirred the courage of his followers
+To do great deeds of valor.
+
+    _MASTER OF CEREMONIES enters with a trumpeter._
+
+_MC._           Noble lords,
+Mis majesty, our royal lord, is coming
+To meet you here in private council.
+
+    _Trumpeter blows a signal._
+
+_GS._ Hail the victorious, warlike Bimbisara!
+
+    _Both kneel as the king enters preceded and followed by a
+    small body guard._
+
+_Bb._ Be greeted noble lords.
+
+_N._ We wish you joy and the continuance of your good fortune.
+
+_Bb._ I have a matter to bespeak with you,
+Far-reaching weighty plans of great importance.
+I wish to be alone with you.
+
+    _Turning to the captain of his body guards._
+
+Captain, have this room guarded by your soldiers.
+The gong shall call you when I need your service.
+
+    _The soldiers march out of the room._
+
+Be seated, my good lords.
+You helped me gain a wondrous victory
+Which proves I have the favor of the gods.
+I probed your skill, your courage and your faith
+And found you both most able and most trusty.
+Therefore you are to me much more than vassals
+And servants of the state; you are my helpers,
+Indeed my friends and nearest to my heart.
+A king needs friends who share his secret thoughts,
+Who stand by him in all vicissitudes,
+Who bear with him responsibilities,
+And above all, who frankly speak the truth.
+I ask you, will you be such friends to me?
+
+_GS._ I will with all my heart.
+
+_N._            And I not less.
+
+_Bb._ I, my dear friends, I promise you in turn
+That I shall not resent your words of truth
+If spoken in good faith with best intentions.
+I may not always follow your advice,
+But you are free to say whate'er you please,
+Whate'er you may deem best for me to know,
+Whate'er will benefit the empire and my people.
+Now listen what I have to say to you.
+I will reveal to you my inmost heart:
+This is an age of greatest expectations;
+Riches accumulate in our cities,
+Commerce and trade are flourishing, and
+Our caravans exchange our native goods
+For gold and precious produce from abroad.
+What India needs is unity of rule.
+The valley of the holy Ganges should
+Be governed by one king, a king of kings.
+There should no longer be a rivalry,
+A clash of interests between the states,
+And all the princes should obey the rule
+Of the one man who guides and guards the whole.
+This therefore is my plan: you Nagadeva
+Must gain the favor of our neighbor kings,
+So as to make them recognize our sway.
+If voluntarily they will submit,
+They shall be welcome as our worthy vassals.
+If they resist (_turning to Siha_) my gallant general
+You must reduce them to subjection.
+A treaty with the rajas in the east,
+In southern and in northern Kosala,
+Speedeth my plans, the Sakyas only
+Defy our sovereign will, and keep aloof.
+If they yield not, their power must be broken!
+There is a task for you and for my army.
+
+_N._ Permit, my noble king, that I advise you.
+I know the Sakya minister of state,
+And he is willing to betray his master.
+The Sakya prince, the only son and heir,
+Siddhattha Gotama he's called by name,
+Went into homelessness and has turned monk,
+Leaving behind his wife and a small son.
+The minister aspireth to the throne,
+And if we help him in his plans, he will
+Acknowledge you as sovereign over him.
+And that will save your army blood and trouble.
+
+_Bb._ What is his name.
+
+_N._          Visakha, noble King.
+
+_Bb._ I wish to see him. Let him visit you
+And as by accident I want to meet him.
+
+_GS._ Allow me, mighty King, a word of warning.
+
+_Bb._ Speak freely.
+
+_GS._
+
+    _With unconcealed indignation, almost entreatingly._
+
+                   Do not listen to a traitor.
+Send me with all the army of the kingdom,
+Bid me lead captive all the Sakyas; do it
+In open fight but not by treachery.
+My King, avoid alliance with Visakha,
+His very breath contaminates. He lowers
+Ourselves to his low level.
+
+_Bb._            Thank you Siha.
+I will be slow. [_Pondering_] But it is too important!
+
+    _Argues with himself._
+
+May I not listen to a traitor's words,
+Nor hear him,--profit by his information?
+
+_GS._ Oh do it not!
+
+_Bb._         Siha, thou art a soldier.
+I honor thee, thou speakest like a soldier,
+But think how much diplomacy will help,
+How many lives and property it saves.
+Without the brutal means of war it will
+Better accomplish all our ends; it spares
+The enemy as well. A prosperous country
+Will serve me better than a city sacked
+And villages destroyed by fire.
+
+_GS._ Pardon, my liege, I do not trust a traitor.
+
+_Bb._ I will be on my guard, but I shall see him,
+'T shall be by way of reconnoitering.
+You in the meantime keep the army ready,
+For one way or another I must conquer
+The Sakya king and make him do my bidding.
+
+    _The King rises indicating that his two counselors are
+    dismissed. They rise also._
+
+The world is growing wider every day
+And our souls broaden with the general progress.
+A new era dawns upon us. Let us all
+Help to mature the fruitage of the times.
+
+
+SECOND SCENE
+
+[The garden before the palace of King SUDDHODANA as in Act I]
+
+
+    _Presents YASODHARA (Y) with her maid GOPA (G) and RAHULA
+    (R)._
+
+_Y._ Repeat that verse once more and then we will stop our lesson.
+
+_R._   With goodness meet an evil deed,
+       With loving kindness conquer wrath,
+       With generosity quench greed,
+       And lies by walking on truth's path.
+
+_Y._ Now you can run about in the garden or play with the Captain's
+son.
+
+_R._ Mother, I do not believe that goodness always works in this life.
+
+_Y._ Why do you think so?
+
+_R._ Because there are very bad boys, so bad that only a whipping will
+cure them.
+
+_Y._ Rahula!
+
+_R._ Truly, mother, truly. Even the gardener says so.
+
+_Y._ You must set the bad boys a good example.
+
+_R._ No use, mother; they remain bad. I have tried it.
+
+_Y._ You must have patience.
+
+_R._ No use, mother; and the gardener says, A viper remains a viper.
+
+_Y._ Even poisonous reptiles can be tamed.
+
+_R._ Yes, but the gardener first pulls their fangs. Would you like me
+to play with a viper?
+
+_Y._ No, my boy.
+
+    _Excitement at the gate. KALA enters and soldiers of the
+    guard surround him._
+
+_R._ What is going on?--O Mother! Kala Udayin is back!
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN (K) appears among the guards.
+    RAHULA runs to the gate._
+
+_R._ Kala! Welcome home! Shake hands!
+
+_K._ Be heartily greeted, my boy.
+
+_R._ Did you see father?
+
+_K._ I did, Rahula.
+
+_R._ Tell me all.
+
+_K._ I will tell mother.
+
+_R._ Come to mother. She has been expecting you for many days.
+
+    _KALA kneels to the Princess._
+
+_Y._ Gopa, take his bundle. [_The maid takes his bundle and carries it
+into the house._] What news do you bring of Prince Siddhattha?
+
+_K._ I followed the Prince from place to place and saw him last near
+Benares in the forest of Uruvela.
+
+_Y._ How is his health, and will he come back?
+
+_K._ His health is probably good, but he does not think of coming
+back--not yet. O my dear lady! If you could see him! he is as thin as
+a skeleton. I could count all his ribs.
+
+_R._ What is the trouble with father.
+
+_K._ He is fasting. He lives on a hempcorn a day; think of it, one
+little hempcorn a day!
+
+_Y._ Oh, he will die! My poor husband. I must follow him and attend to
+his wants. He needs his wife's loving care. I will leave my home and
+follow him.
+
+_K._ Could you help him, princess? He might not like it, and the monks
+abhor women. Moreover, I was told that he takes food again, every
+morning a cup of rice milk. The day I left he looked better. Still, he
+was pretty pale.
+
+_Y._ Tell me all you know of him.
+
+_K._ I went first to Rajagaha, and there I heard wondrous tales about
+the noble monk Gotama. All the people knew about him, they called him
+a "sage" or "muni" and the "Bodhisatta."
+
+_R._ What does that mean, Kala?
+
+_K._ Bodhisatta is the man who seeks the bodhi--and the bodhi is
+enlightenment or Buddhahood.
+
+_Y._ What did the people of Rajagaha say?
+
+_K._ When Prince Siddhattha came to Rajagaha, he created a great
+excitement in the city. Never had been seen a mendicant of such noble
+appearance, and crowds flocked to him. They thought he was a Buddha
+and greeted him as a Buddha; but he said to them "I am not a Buddha;
+I am a Bodhisatta, I seek Buddhahood, and I am determined to find it."
+
+_Y._ Did you meet people who saw him?
+
+_K._ Indeed, I did. They say he looked like a god. The news spread all
+over the capital, and King Bimbisara himself went out with his
+ministers to see the Bodhisatta. King Bimbisara came to the place
+where the stranger stayed--under a forest tree near a brook--and
+greeted him most respectfully saying, "Great monk, remain here with me
+in Rajagaha; I see that you are wise and worthy. Live with me at the
+royal palace. Be my adviser and counselor. You are not made for a
+mendicant. Your hands are fit to hold the reins of empire. Stay here,
+I beg you, and you shall not lack honor and rank." "Nay," replied
+Siddhattha, "let me go my way in quest of enlightenment. I am bent on
+solving the problem of existence, and I will become a Buddha." Said
+the King, "Hear then, great monk. Go in quest of enlightenment, and
+when you have found it come back to Rajagaha."
+
+_Y._ Is King Bimbisara so religious?
+
+_K._ King Bimbisara is ambitious. As is well known, he is a warrior
+and a conqueror; but that is not all. He wants to be the greatest
+monarch of all ages and he would have all the great events happen
+under his rule. This is what he said to the Bodhisatta: "When I was a
+youth I uttered five wishes, and they were these: I prayed, May I be
+crowned King. This wish has been fulfilled. Then I wished, May the
+holy Buddha, the Blessed One, appear on earth while I am King, and may
+he come to my kingdom. This was my second wish, and while I gaze upon
+you I know that it will be fulfilled. Further I wished, May I see the
+blessed Buddha and pay my respects to him. This was my third wish. My
+fourth wish was, May the Blessed One preach the doctrine to me, and my
+fifth and greatest wish was this, May I understand the doctrine. I beg
+you, therefore, great monk, when you have become a Buddha come back
+and preach the doctrine to me and accept me as your disciple."
+
+_Y._ And whither did Siddhattha go from Rajagaha?
+
+_K._ He visited the great philosophers Arada and Udraka, but he found
+no satisfaction in their theories. So he went on to Uruvela where the
+ascetics live. I followed the Bodhisatta and learned that he stayed
+with five disciples in the forest. I found shelter near by in the
+cottage of the chief shepherd, a good old man with a pretty daughter,
+Nanda. There I watched Siddhattha and his disciples from a distance.
+He was the youngest but the wisest of them, and they reverenced him as
+master. He outdid them all in fasting. One day Nanda, the shepherd's
+daughter, saw him faint, and he might have died from exhaustion right
+on the spot if Nanda had not given him rice milk to drink.
+
+_Y._ O good Kala, what shall I do? What shall I do? Here I sit at
+home, a poor, helpless woman, unable to assist him or to take care of
+him! O Kala, advise me, what can I do?
+
+    _KING SUDDHODANA (S) and VISAKHA (V) come out of the palace.
+    The Princess retires into the palace. GOPA hides behind the
+    bushes._
+
+_S._ I am glad to see you back. Have you seen my son?
+
+_K._ I have sire.
+
+_S._ Where did you find him?
+
+_K._ At Uruvela, the place of mortification where saints try to see
+visions and reach a state of bliss.
+
+_V._ And has Siddhattha succeeded?
+
+_K._ It does not seem so; he is starving himself to death.
+
+_V._ Is he dying?
+
+_K._ Not exactly, but I do not see how he can live--on that diet.
+
+_S._ Oh, Visakha, how have I been deprived of my son through a whim!
+
+    _Both return into the palace. VISAKHA comes back._
+
+_V._ It seems that Siddhattha is ruining himself.
+
+_K._ At the rate he is going now, he won't stand it long. He may not
+live another month. It is pitiable. You should have seen him. That
+beautiful young man looks like a consumptive in his last stage. I did
+not dare to tell what I thought. The Princess would not have borne
+the sad news.
+
+_V._ Too bad. It looks pretty hopeless.
+
+_K._ I do not see how the Prince can survive.
+
+_V._ What is the idea of these fasts?
+
+_K._ These pious recluses believe that the self is imprisoned in the
+body and that the senses are the prison gates. They want to liberate
+the soul, and many of them behold visions, but Siddhattha seems to
+doubt whether the saints of Uruvela proceed on the right track. Indeed
+he denies the very existence of the self.
+
+_V._ I know he does. His views should be branded as purely human
+wisdom. As the senses are finger touch, eye touch, ear touch, nose and
+tongue touch, so the mind is to him mere thought touch. He claimed
+that the mind originates through a co-operation of the senses.
+
+_K._ His disciples begin to break away from him.
+
+_V._ That is right. They ought to have done so long ago. I always said
+that Siddhattha is an unbeliever. He spurns faith and relies too much
+on his own observation and reasoning. He will never find
+enlightenment. He is too negative, too nihilistic, and his quest of
+Buddhahood will end in a lamentable failure.
+
+_K._ It would be a pity, sir. He is certainly in earnest to find the
+truth--the real truth, not what the priests say nor the Vedas declare,
+but the truth, provable truth.
+
+_V._ Yes that is his fault. When the king speaks with you tell him
+all, explain the hopelessness of his situation. The king ought to know
+the facts.
+
+    _VISAKHA retires into the palace._
+
+_K._ [_Calls in a low voice_] Gopa, Gopa!
+
+    [_GOPA appears from behind the bush._]
+
+_K._ [_Aside_] I knew she would not be far.
+
+_G._ What do you want?
+
+_K._ I want to have a talk with you.
+
+_G._ Well?
+
+_K._ Let us set our marriage day.
+
+_G._ I do not care to marry you--just yet.
+
+_K._ I want a kiss, Gopa.
+
+_G._ You shan't have it!
+
+_K._ I will leave Kapilavatthu and go back to the Bodhisatta.
+
+_G._ He will tell you that a youth must not kiss a girl.
+
+_K._ That rule holds only for monks.
+
+_G._ Go and turn monk. Then it applies to you.
+
+_K._ The world would die out if everybody turned monk.
+
+_G._ First, you are not everybody, and secondly, would it not be a
+blessing if the whole world would try to be sanctified?
+
+_K._ Pshaw! Mankind consists of different castes and professions, of
+soldiers and merchants, of peasants and artisans and teachers. Mankind
+is like a body with various limbs, a head and hands, feet and chest
+and neck. A man who were head only could not live, and if mankind
+consisted of Buddhas only we would starve. We need a Buddha, but there
+must also be householders. Now quick give me a kiss.
+
+    _She pouts._
+
+_K._ If you do not kiss me I shall go back to the forest of Uruvela.
+Nanda, the shepherd's daughter, is a very pretty girl. She is as
+pretty as you are. She is,--well, her cheeks are rosier than yours.
+She is a little taller, and she is so graceful when she milks the
+kine. The shepherd needs a helper. I am sure he would like to have a
+son-in-law.
+
+    _RAHULA enters._
+
+_R._ Gopa! Mother wants you.
+
+_G._ [_Kisses K. quickly_] Here is a kiss, but you must forget Nanda.
+[_Runs away._]
+
+_K._ Stay a moment longer!
+
+_G._ I have no time. [_Exit._]
+
+_K._ I knew she would come around,--and she is much prettier than
+Nanda. Nanda is a buxom country lass, a pleasant girl, but Gopa is as
+proper as a princess. [_He continues with unction._] Bodhisatta longs
+for the blessed state of Nirvana, and when he has found it, he will be
+calm and without passion. He will walk on earth as a god among men. No
+emotion will disturb the peace of his mind, and the happiness of the
+great Brahma will be as nothing in comparison to the infinite bliss of
+his Buddhahood. [_With a lighter tone_]: I adore him, but I do not
+envy him. I do not long for the happiness of a god. I am a man with
+human faults and human yearnings. I am satisfied with the happiness
+and the sufferings of a man. Since I am assured of Gopa's love, I care
+not for Nirvana. I think that this world is good enough for me.
+
+_V._ [_Looks around like a spy._]
+How peaceful lies this palace, yet I see
+The war clouds lour upon its roofs.
+The storm will break with sudden vehemence upon
+These harmless unsuspecting people. Woe to them,
+Their doom is certain. Desperate resistance
+Succumbs before the overwhelming forces
+Of Bimbisara.--And what will become
+Of poor Yasodhara?--I like her well.
+I might still save her from her people's ruin.
+A princess, sweet and noble, and herself
+Descended from an ancient royal house. But
+I hate that little youngster Rahula.
+Whate'er betide, my deep-laid schemes will speed
+And I shall profit by my master's doom.
+
+    [Music: Chopin's Nocturno. Opus 37, No. 2.]
+
+    [CURTAIN]
+
+
+THIRD SCENE.
+
+[Darkness covers the scene. Distant thunder and lightning. Gradually
+it grows light again and the scene of YASODHARA'S bedroom becomes
+visible. All luxury has been removed; she sleeps on a mat on the
+floor, RAHULA in bed.]
+
+
+_R._ Mother! Mother!
+
+_Y._ Sleep my boy, it is almost midnight.
+
+_R._ Take me up, Mother.
+
+    _YASODHARA picks RAHULA up._
+
+_R._ Why do you sleep on the floor, Mother?
+
+_Y._ Because father does so. Let me lay you down on your couch, you
+must sleep.
+
+_R._ Tell me more of father.
+
+_Y._ I will to-morrow.
+
+_R._ Tell me now. Is father a king?
+
+_Y._ No, my son. But he is going to found a kingdom.
+
+_R._ Will he be king of it?
+
+_Y._ I do not know, my boy, but his kingdom will not be like other
+kingdoms. It will be the kingdom of truth--a spiritual kingdom, a
+kingdom of righteousness.
+
+_R._ Is father rich?
+
+_Y._ He scorns riches.
+
+_R._ Why does he?
+
+_Y._ He seeks other riches, the riches of religion, of the mind, of
+spirit.
+
+_R._ Did he find them?
+
+_Y._ I believe he did.
+
+_R._ He sends you news through Kala Udayin.
+
+_Y._ No, Rahula, I send Kala Udayin out to watch him and when Kala
+comes back he tells me what he saw and heard. Kala does not speak to
+father.
+
+_R._ Why does Kala not speak to father?
+
+_Y._ Grandfather forbade him. When we sent out Devadatta and Ananda,
+they became attached to the life of a hermit. They joined father and
+did not come back; but Kala will not turn monk.
+
+_R._ But this time he will speak to father.
+
+_Y._ How do you know?
+
+_R._ I heard grandfather bid him to.
+
+_Y._ What did he bid him?
+
+_R._ He bade Kala that he should tell father to visit us.
+
+    _She can scarcely conceal her joy._
+
+_Y._ You heard grandfather say so?
+
+_R._ I did, mother; grandfather said that he became old, and before he
+died he wanted to see his son again.
+
+_Y._ Why! did he really say so?
+
+_R._ He did.
+
+_Y._ Oh you darling son, then you will see him, too.
+
+_R._ People say that he will be a Buddha.
+
+_Y._ Yes, my son, some say he will be a Buddha and others doubt it.
+
+_R._ Mother, what is a Buddha?
+
+_Y._ A Buddha is a man who has found the truth.
+
+_R._ How does a man find the truth?
+
+_Y._ By enlightenment. He must find out the cause of evil.
+
+_R._ Why must he find out the cause of evil?
+
+_Y._ He teaches the people how to avoid evil.
+
+_R._ Has father found the cause of evil?
+
+_Y._ Kala Udayin says he has.
+
+_R._ What is the cause of evil?
+
+_Y._ Father says that selfishness is the cause of evil and selfishness
+comes from the belief in self.
+
+_R._ Self?
+
+_Y._ Yes, self! Man, as a rule, believes that he is a self.
+
+_R._ What? A self?
+
+_Y._ Yes, a being by himself, who lives only for himself, and the
+thought of self makes him selfish; and selfishness begets all evils.
+
+_R._ [_with a childlike serious conviction_] I believe it, mother.
+
+_Y_. Father says there is no self, that self is an illusion.
+
+_R._ What does that mean?
+
+_Y._ It means that we are not separate beings. I think a thought and
+speak it out and you hear it. I believe in that thought and so do you.
+Whose is it then, yours or mine?
+
+_R._ It belongs to both.
+
+_Y._ But where does the thought come from? If it is true it belongs to
+the truth, and it was true before I thought it.
+
+_R._ Yes, mother.
+
+_Y._ And if it was wrong, it is evil, and it was evil before we
+thought it.
+
+_R._ Yes, mother.
+
+_Y._ And so are all our thoughts, but almost everybody assumes that
+his self thinks these thoughts and invents them; and that is an
+illusion.
+
+_R._ I see.
+
+_Y._ [_to herself_] His eyes close. He is tired. [TO RAHULA] Now go to
+sleep again, Rahula, and dream of your father. I will sing you one of
+father's songs.
+
+    _YASODHARA lays RAHULA down in the high bed and sings:_
+
+    By ourselves is evil done,
+    By ourselves we pain endure.
+    By ourselves we cease from wrong,
+    By ourselves become we pure.
+    No one saves us but ourselves,
+    No one can and no one may.
+    We ourselves must walk the path,
+    Buddhas merely teach the way.
+
+    _The boy sleeps. Then YASODHARA herself lies down on the mat
+    on the floor. Above her appears the vision of her dream.
+    Under the Bodhi tree in a forest landscape SIDDHATTHA sits.
+    He is surrounded by a halo of light. MARA approaches to tempt
+    him._
+
+_M._ Thou art ahungered, worthy Sakyamuni,
+Ahungered art thou from continued fasts,
+And thou wilt starve unless thou take and eat.
+I bring delicious food, take, eat and live.
+
+_B._ I shall not eat until my quest be done.
+Much better 'tis to die in glorious battle
+Than flee and lead a coward's life, defeated.
+I shall not eat, O Mara, take thee hence.
+
+_M._ Wilt thou not listen to my good advice?
+
+_B._ The tempter always calls his councils good,
+But pleasures which he promises are evil.
+
+_M._ I will not suffer thee to stay, Siddhattha,
+And shall disturb thy daring quest of truth.
+I'll split the Bodhi tree by lightning
+And frighten thee away with rumbling thunder.
+
+    _All is wrapped in darkness, except SIDDHATTHA and the Bohdi
+    tree. Thunder and lightning. After a while the noise abates.
+    It grows light again. MARA'S daughters appear._
+
+_M._ Go forth my daughters, tempt the holy man,
+And lure him from the seat of Buddahood.
+
+    _Three graceful women, MARA'S daughters, sing in a low
+    enticing voice._
+
+[Melody: The Mermaids' Song from Weber's Oberon.]
+
+Sweetest on earth 'tis in pleasure to live,
+Love thou must ask for, and love thou must give.
+Pain we can soothe and assuage every smart,
+Yea, we will grant thee the wish of thy heart.
+Power bestow we, enjoyment and mirth,
+Health and wealth also, and all that has worth.
+Lo, of life's happiness naught shalt thou miss,
+Satisfied longings are greatest of bliss.
+
+    _While they sing they circle around the Bodhi tree and pose
+    in graceful attitudes._
+
+[Siddhattha does not mind Mara's daughters. They withdraw, and
+grotesque monsters appear in threatening attitudes, exhibiting a
+savage war dance, always approaching the tree and turning their
+weapons against the Sakyamuni, but as soon as they approach the halo
+they droop, unable to hurt him. Lotus flowers rain down. Sakyamuni
+raises his right hand. A flash of lightning and a sudden clap of
+thunder. The spook vanishes in darkness while the Buddha under the
+Bodhi tree alone remains visible in a halo of light. The forest
+landscape reappears in full light as before.]
+
+_B._ The wheel of life turns round through birth and death,
+Its twelve-linked chain of causes takes its start
+In ignorance and ends in suffering.
+The truth is found, the fourfold noble truth;
+All life is sorrow, sorrow's cause is lust,
+But from our sorrow we can escape
+If we abandon lust and thought of self.
+The eightfold noble path of righteousness
+Delivers from all evil: it will bring
+Sweet peace of mind and leadeth to Nirvana.
+
+    [With music accompaniment]
+
+    Through many births I sought in vain
+    The builder of this house of pain.
+    Now, builder, thee I plainly see!
+    This is the last abode for me.
+    Thy gable's yoke, thy rafters broke,
+    My heart has peace; all lust will cease.
+
+[The following words fit exactly the music of Haydn's Chorus with Soli
+No. 13[B] in The Creation, and the spirit of the composition is very
+appropriate for this scene]
+
+[Footnote B: Peters' Edition, pp 44-55 "Die Himmel erzahlen, etc." In
+a few places where the fugas set in, the words "The wicked Mara's
+host" should read "The wicked one's,--the wicked Mara's host," etc.]
+
+    _Chorus of Angels._
+
+    Behold the great muni,
+    His heart unmoved by hatred,
+    The wicked Mara's host
+    'Gainst him did not prevail.
+
+    _Trio of BRAHMA VISHNU SHIVA._
+
+    Victorious Buddha
+    Thou art wise and pure,
+    The darkness is gone
+    And enlightenment gained.
+
+    _Chorus of Angels as above._
+
+    Proclaim the truth
+    To all the world.
+    Truth will bring salvation.
+    Glory to the truth!
+
+    _Chorus of Angels as above._
+
+[Lotus flowers rain down thicker and thicker, clouds cover the scene,
+but the Buddha under the Bodhi tree remains still dimly but
+sufficiently visible.]
+
+    _YASODHARA wakes up. She rises and lights a candle from a
+    rush lamp. She kneels with clasped hands before the vision of
+    the BUDDHA._
+
+_Y._ Oh Siddhattha, my Lord and Husband, no longer my Husband, but the
+Buddha. In thee I take my refuge. In thee and thy word, I believe. Thy
+doctrine shall guide me. Accept me as thy faithful disciple, a
+disciple of the Buddha, my Lord, the Tathagata, the great thinker, the
+Saviour of mankind.
+
+    [CURTAIN.]
+
+
+_SECOND INTERLUDE_.
+
+_Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music to introduce the
+Third Act._
+
+
+1. THE FOUNDATION OF THE KINGDOM OF RIGHTEOUSNESS.
+
+Buddha preaches to his five disciples the way of salvation, which
+speech, preserved in a special book, is frequently compared to
+Christ's Sermon on the Mount.
+
+Buddha stands with raised hand, while five monks stand or sit or squat
+around him in devout attitude.
+
+2. ENTERING THE CAPITAL.
+
+When Buddha came to Rajagaha, the people met him on the way and
+accompanied him into the city in triumphal procession which is
+analogous to Christ's entry into Jerusalem.
+
+The Buddha with bowl in one hand and staff in the other is followed by
+yellow-robed monks. The people strew flowers, carry palm branches and
+wave kerchiefs.
+
+3. THE COURTESAN.
+
+Ambapali, the Buddhist Mary Magdalen, came to Buddha, worshiping him
+and invited him to take his meal at her home. To the astonishment of
+several moralists, he accepted and honored the penitent sinner.
+
+A beautifully dressed woman with clasped hands kneels before Buddha, a
+maid in attendance behind her. Some well dressed people of high caste
+watch the scene with an expression of indignation.
+
+4. THE PHILANTHROPIST.
+
+The wealthiest man of Savatthi invites the Buddha to his home and
+offers to build a resthouse for the Buddha and his brotherhood.
+
+Anatha Pindika kneels before the Buddha, holding in one hand the
+picture and plan of a building. Buddha indicates by his lowered hand
+acceptance of the gift. Buddha attended by two monks, Anatha Pindika
+accompanied by the architect.
+
+5. PRINCE JETA.
+
+It is told that the most beautiful spot in Savatthi was the royal park
+of Prince Jeta, which Anatha Pindika wanted to buy for the brotherhood
+of Buddha. The owner was unwilling to sell and made the exorbitant
+demand to have the whole ground covered with gold as its price. But
+Anatha Pindika had the gold carried to the garden and paid the price.
+
+The scene is laid in the garden. Anatha Pindika with bags of gold
+stands in commanding attitude. His servants spread the coins while
+Prince Jeta throws up his hands in astonishment.
+
+(Anatha Pindika is not the real name of the founder of the Jetavana.
+The name means, "[He who gives to] the indigent, alms.")
+
+
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+FIRST SCENE
+
+[A Brahman temple with a statue of Durga; before the idol an altar. In
+the background a landscape with farms and a sheep-fold.]
+
+
+    _Enter from the right GENERAL SIHA (GS.) with a CAPTAIN (C)
+    and some soldiers._
+
+_GS._ Pitch the tents on the slope of yonder hill where that farmhouse
+stands.
+
+_C._ It shall be done, my general.
+
+_GS._ What crowd is gathered there with flags and flowers?
+
+_C._ It is the farmer's family led by the village priest, and
+neighbors flock around to swell their number.
+
+_GS._ The priest handles a big knife that flashes in the sun. I see
+his hands are stained with gore. They seem to celebrate a feast in
+honor of a god.
+
+_C._ The villagers inform me that the occasion of it is sad. One of
+the farmer's children died of late, and others being sick the father
+invokes the goddess Kali to preserve the rest of his family. They are
+arrayed for a procession and having offered a young sheep at the altar
+of the homestead they have started out. See how the crowd are wending
+their way hither to the temple.
+
+    _GENERAL SIHA looks around and contemplates the scenery, then
+    turns to the CAPTAIN._
+
+_GS._ Now pitch the tents before the sun goes down.
+
+    _In the meantime, the BUDDHA enters with two disciples. They
+    sit down under a tree. The Captain bows to them reverently
+    and leaves the stage._
+
+_GS._ Greetings to you, holy monks.
+
+_B._ Peace be with thee, and may thy sword ne'er reek with blood.
+
+_GS._ I draw the sword for my king, for my country and for the
+restoration of order where enemies or rebels have disturbed it.
+
+_B._ Thou lookst courageous and thy very words
+Possess a ring of simple honesty.
+
+_GS._ I serve a mighty king who means to do the right. He prefers to
+establish his rule by treaty and spares an enemy who sues for peace.
+
+_B._ Thou speakst of Bimbisara, King of Magadha?
+
+_GS._ Indeed I speak of the great Bimbisara, and he is born to sway
+the world. My sympathy and my allegiance go with him. I am Siha, his
+general.
+
+_B._ Thy name is known throughout the Indian lands.
+
+_GS._ When I chose my profession I prayed to the gods that they would
+never let it be my lot to fight for any unjust cause.
+
+_B._ Let this thy prayer be a sacred vow
+Which thou wilt keep inviolate. Our fate,
+Or say the gods, create conditions; but thou
+Thyself must act. Thou art responsible,
+Thou shapest thine own life, and not the gods.
+
+_GS._ Thy words please me! What is thy doctrine, venerable monk?
+
+_B._ I teach the middle way between extremes.
+Neither mortifications of the body
+Nor self-indulgence should be practised.
+We must make up our minds and walk
+On the eightfold noble path of righteousness.
+
+_GS._ Who art thou, wondrous monk? Thy doctrine is so plain, and so
+convincing that I grant thou speakest truth. The people ought to know
+thee and accept thy creed. Who art thou?
+
+_B._ Born of the Sakya race, they call me Sakyamuni.
+
+_GS._ Blessed be this day on which I meet the greatest man of our age.
+I heard of thee from the Nirgranthas, thine own enemies, the rival
+sect of thy new order, and they say that thou deniest the soul, thou
+teachest extinction, thou leadest man to non-existence, and that
+Nirvana is with thee an empty naught--annihilation.--Is that true?
+
+_B._ I teach extinction, noble general,
+Of hatred, greed, and lust, but I insist
+On doing what is right and just and good;
+On doing resolutely what we do,
+On searching for the truth, on setting up
+Its lamp and following its holy light.
+Nirvana is attained when passions are
+Extinct and when the heart is blessed with peace.
+
+_GS._ Thou art more than a mortal, holy man. Auspicious
+is this day on which I've met thee. The people call
+thee Buddha, perhaps rightly so! A feeling of deep
+reverence comes over me and the truth dawns on
+me. Truly thou art the teacher of the world. If
+thy doctrine impressed the people a new era would
+begin, an era in which mankind would be wiser and
+nobler, happier and better.
+
+[Barbaric music is heard behind the stage, the drum being prominent.]
+
+_Voices behind the stage:_ Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+
+_GS._ Behold how wretched are these people in their ignorance.
+
+_B._ They must be taught and they will learn the truth.
+
+[The procession enters. A small band of musicians comes with primitive
+instruments, among them drums. They are followed first by dancers,
+then by a priest (_Pr._) flourishing in his bloody hand a large knife.
+By his side walks a shepherd carrying a lamb. Behind them the farmer's
+(_F._) family and other people]
+
+_GS._ What horrible sounds! And the crowd behave like madmen.
+
+_Pr._ Maha Kali!
+
+_Crowd._ Kali Ma!
+
+_Pr._ Goddess of the black countenance! Great Black Mother!
+
+_Crowd._ Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+
+[The priest steps to the altar; the crowd kneels in a large circle. At
+the priest's signal the farmer approaches the altar and kneels. His
+behavior betrays superstitious timidity and great awkwardness. The
+shepherd exhibits the lamb first to the priest and then to the dancers
+who in fantastic dancing step advance and retreat while the music
+plays. Finally the lamb is placed on the altar.]
+
+_Pr._ Have Mercy on us! Slay the demon of disease.
+Keep away Yama the horrible one, the god of Death.
+
+_Crowd._ Kali Ma, have mercy on us!
+
+_Pr._ Thou art Parvati, the wife of Siva. Thou hast conquered the
+    giant Durga, the evil one, and now thyself art called the goddess
+    Durga.
+Thou art Mahishamardini, the slayer of Mahisha.
+Thou art Kalaratri, Nightly Darkness, abyss of all mysteries.
+Thou art Jagaddhatri, mother of the world.
+Thou art Jagadgauri, renowned throughout the  world.
+Thou art Katyayina, refulgent with a thousand suns.
+Thou art Singhavahini, seated on a lion thou wonest victory over
+    Raktavija, leader of the giants' army.
+Great Mother of Life, accept our offering, the blood of this lamb.
+
+_Crowd._ Maha Kali, accept our offering!
+Kali Ma, accept our offering!
+Kali Durga, great Goddess, accept our offering!
+
+    _The priest turns toward the lamb and raises his knife.
+    BUDDHA steps to the altar and places his hand gently upon the
+    priest's arm._
+
+_B._ Hold!
+
+_Pr._     Meddler!
+
+_B._        Pause before thou sheddest blood.
+
+_Pr._ How dar'st thou rudely interfere, strange monk,
+With our most sacred sacrifice? This lamb
+Is offered to the goddess. Thou disturbest
+Our holy ritual.
+
+    _He lifts his knife against BUDDHA, but SIHA draws his sword
+    and knocks the knife out of the priest's hand._
+
+_GS._       Keep peace, bold priest!
+
+_Pr._ The vengeance of the gods will be upon you.
+
+_B._ If there be gods they must be potent, noble,
+And great and holy; and if the gods are holy,
+They do not need the offering of a victim,
+They do not want the life of this poor trembling lamb.
+
+_Pr._ The gods are kind; they take the lamb in place of this poor
+stricken man. We must do penance for his sins, for the sins of his
+wife, for the sins of his children.
+
+_Farmer._ I crave forgiveness for the sins for which my dear good
+child has had to die.
+
+_Pr._ His sins are great and nothing can wash them away but blood.
+
+_B._ Herein thou errest, priest. Blood does not cleanse.
+It washes not away the stain of sin;
+The slaughter of a victim heaps but guilt
+On guilt, and does not right a wrong. Rise,
+Rise, my good friend. Take comfort!
+
+    _The farmer rises._
+
+                     Be a man.
+
+    _The others rise gradually._
+
+_F._ What shall I do, good master?
+
+_B._ Right all the wrongs thou didst and sin no more.
+
+_Pr._ This lamb was given to the goddess. It is mine.
+
+_GS._ Are you the steward of the goddess' property?
+
+    _SIHA steps close to the priest who retires step by step and
+    finally hurries off the stage._
+
+Come, shepherd, take the frightened lambkin up
+And bear it to its mother in the fold.
+
+[The shepherd takes up the lamb and stands ready to carry it away. The
+musicians slink away. The lambbearers and the people walk off in
+procession, followed by the Buddha with his disciples. General Siha
+remains alone on the stage. A trumpet call at a short distance and
+another one close by.]
+
+_GS._ What does that signal mean?
+
+    _An officer accompanied by a trumpeter enters. A third
+    trumpet call on the stage. The officer delivers a letter._
+
+_Officer._ A dispatch from his majesty Bimbisara to his faithful and
+most noble general, Siha.
+
+_GS._   _Breaks the seal and reads to himself._
+
+"The Sakyas are a stubborn little nation. Their institutions are free;
+their laws differ from those of the other surrounding states. These
+people are a source of discontent and revolution, and are a sore in my
+eye. Therefore, the Sakyas must be crushed, even if they sue for
+peace. Keep the army near the border and be ready for a sudden
+attack."
+
+    _With an expression of grief._
+
+War is unavoidable and I am to be the means by which the Sakyas will
+be wiped off the earth. It is my duty, for the King commands it. A
+soldier should not argue, he obeys.
+
+    _Draws his sword and looks at it._
+
+This sword is consecrated to the service of my king.
+Never have I drawn it except in honest fight.
+
+    _Lost in contemplation._
+
+Is Sakyamuni the Buddha?--Is he truly the Buddha?
+Buddhas are wise; Buddhas are omniscient; Buddhas foresee the
+    future.--
+Is Sakyamuni truly the Buddha?--I believe he is.
+And if he is the Buddha, is it right to wage a war against his
+    people?--What shall I do?
+Oh, ye gods, teach me my duty!
+Oh, ye gods, may it not be my lot to fight for an unrighteous cause!
+Cursed be the sword that sheds innocent blood.
+
+
+SECOND SCENE.
+
+                  [Bimbisara's court at Rajagaha]
+
+
+    _Present: KING BIMBISARA (Bb.), VISAKHA (V), and NAGADEVA
+    (N)._
+
+_V._ The Sakyas will make a hard fight, great King, and the war will
+cost blood. These northern settlers are taller and stronger than other
+races and possess the courage of the inhabitants of their former
+frigid homes. It would be easier to take possession of their state if
+I married Princess Yasodhara and gradually assumed the government
+under your protection. Your mighty friendship would support me on the
+throne and you could rule through me.
+
+_Bb._ That sounds acceptable, but in the meantime, I prepare for war.
+
+_V._ Even in war I shall be of service to you. I can lead your army
+where it will not meet with resistance, and I know the names of those
+who are dissatisfied. Many could be induced to join your forces; and I
+can betray the very person of the raja into your hands.
+
+_Bb._   _Nodding kindly to VISAKHA, then turning to
+NAGADEVA._
+
+Is our kingdom in readiness?
+
+_N._ Great King, it is. General Siha stands in the field with a strong
+force ready to strike. There are another fifty thousand within call to
+make a sudden dash upon any of our neighbors should they dare come to
+the aid of Sakya. Our treasury is well filled, and the people of
+Magadha are prosperous. We could stand even a protracted war far
+better than any other state in India.
+
+_Bb._ The time seems favorable; the risk is small, and the spoil will
+be great. Convene my generals in the assembly hall.
+
+    _They bow low and pass out. AMBAPALI (Ap.) enters._
+
+_Ap._ Are they gone, my Lord, and what did you decide?
+
+_Bb._ I propose to go to war.
+
+_Ap._ You are rightly called "the Warlike."
+
+_Bb._ I want to round off my kingdom and expand my power northward
+until it reaches the Himalayas.
+
+_Ap._ The gods will speed you and the blessings of the saints shall be
+upon your people.
+
+    _Servant enters._
+
+_St._ There is a holy man who wants to see your Highness. His name is
+Devadatta.
+
+_Bb._ Show him in.
+
+    _Servant exit._
+
+_Ap._ Is he not one of the disciples of the Buddha?
+
+_Bb._ I believe he is.
+
+    _AMBAPALI retires._
+
+    _DEVADATTA enters._
+
+_Dd._ Hail, great King! Protector of religion and victor of many
+battles!
+
+_Bb._ What brings you to my presence? I always rejoice to see holy
+men. Their coming is auspicious, and I am happy to be of service to
+them.
+
+_Dd._ Great King, I implore your assistance for the brotherhood which
+I have founded. We need your royal support and the holiness of our
+lives will surround you as a halo with heavenly protection.
+
+_Bb._ Are you not a disciple of Gotama, who is called the Buddha?
+
+_Dd._ No longer, mighty King, I was his disciple so long as I believed
+in him; but he is not holy. I have abandoned him. He is not austere;
+his disciples do not practise self-mortifications, and he speaks
+kindly and dines with sinners. My disciples do not dress in worldly
+garments; they would not accept the invitation of women; they would
+not touch animal food. He who calls himself the Buddha is unworthy of
+that high title; he is a pretender who has not reached the highest
+goal. My rules are much more strict than his, and my brotherhood alone
+is holy.
+
+_Bb._ Holiness is a mighty thing.
+
+_Dd._ Yea, and our vows will shield your government, your throne, your
+army and your people against any misfortune.
+
+_Bb._ I shall send my treasurer to investigate and will do what is
+right.
+
+_Dd._ Maharaja, be assured of my deepest gratitude.
+
+    _Bows low, exit._
+
+_Ap._ [_re-enters, excited_] My royal friend, do not trust that man
+[_pointing toward the door where DEVADATTA went out_]. He is false. He
+may be holy, but he is treacherous. He may be virtuous; he may shun
+joy and the blessings of life, he may practise all penances, he may
+torture and mortify his body. But there is no true goodwill in him.
+His holiness is egotistic, and his religion is hypocrisy. Support his
+brotherhood with money or gifts as you see fit, but do not believe
+what he says about the Buddha.
+
+_Bb._ [_With an inquiring look_] Why?
+
+_Ap._ I know what he meant when he scoffed at him. When the Buddha
+stayed at Vesali, I invited that noblest of all monks to take his meal
+with me. I am not holy; I am a worldly woman; I am not a saint; but I
+have a warm heart, I feel for others and I want to do what is right.
+When I heard that the Buddha stayed in the mango grove, I thought to
+myself, I will go and see him. If he is truly all-wise, he will judge
+my heart and he will judge me in mercy. He will know my needs and will
+not refuse me. I went to the mango grove and he looked upon me with
+compassion; he accepted my invitation in the presence of witnesses,
+openly, fearlessly, and in kindness. There were the proud Licchavi
+princes, and close to him stood the envious Devadatta. How they
+scowled; how they condemned the great and kindly saint! How they
+whispered, "Shame on him!" and I saw how they despised me--yet they
+did not dare to speak out or to censure him publicly. Then, my
+gracious King, I knew that he was truly the Lord Buddha, the Allwise.
+
+_Bb._ My dear friend, I accept every word you say as true. I know the
+goodness of your heart, I know your worth, your loving kindness, and
+if you were of royal birth you would be worthy to wear a crown. The
+Buddha did not demean himself when he honored you.
+
+_Ap._ Allow me one question. Did the Buddha ever beg you to support
+his brotherhood?
+
+_Bb._ No, he did not; but I will give him all the assistance he may
+need.
+
+_Ap._ Did he ever offer you the support of his vows, or did he ever
+praise the efficacy of his holiness?
+
+_Bb._ He never did.
+
+_Ap._ Neither does he stand in need of self-recommendation, for his
+very presence is a blessing, because he spreads goodwill and
+kindliness, and the people who hear him are ashamed of doing anything
+unrighteous. Devadatta extends to you the promise, if you but support
+his disciples, of an unconditional protection through his holiness.
+The Buddha's protection is not so cheaply earned. I heard him say that
+every one must protect himself by his own righteousness, and no
+prayer, no sacrifice, no religious devotion, nor even penance or fasts
+could protect a man from the wrongs which he does.
+
+_Bb._ The Buddha's presence would be more auspicious than ten
+Devadattas.
+
+_Ap._ Oh, most assuredly! And what a contempt I have for the virtuous
+indignation of men who, overmoral themselves, judge haughtily of
+others; yet, if you look into their souls you discover that they are
+heartless and self-seeking villains.
+
+_Bb._ Your judgment is well grounded.
+
+_Ap._ The Buddha alone possesses greatness, and the Buddha does not
+seek honor, but the people adore him.
+
+_Bb._ Rajagaha must become the center of India. I will send for the
+Buddha and invite him to visit me. His sojourn here will make the
+kingdom of Magadha more famous than conquests and victories.
+
+    _The servant enters._
+
+_St._ Mighty King, the prime minister Nagadeva.
+
+_Bb._ He is welcome. Fare thee well, sweet heart; affairs of state
+call me.
+
+_N._ Mighty King, the generals are assembled. They hail thee as their
+war lord, and are anxious for laurels, for glory, for booty!
+
+    [TRUMPETS, CURTAIN.]
+
+
+_THIRD INTERLUDE._
+
+_Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music._
+
+
+1. SENDING OUT THE DISCIPLES.
+
+The Buddha called his disciples together, and having ordained them,
+bade them spread the Gospel, with these words translated from the
+Buddhist Canon:
+
+"Go ye now, O disciples, and wander forth for the benefit of the many,
+for the welfare of mankind, out of compassion for the world. Preach
+the doctrine which is glorious in the beginning, glorious in the
+middle, and glorious in the end, in the spirit as well as in the
+letter. There are beings whose eyes are scarcely covered with dust,
+but if the doctrine is not preached to them they cannot attain
+salvation. Proclaim to them a life of holiness. They will understand
+the doctrine and accept it."
+
+The Pali expression _kalyamo dhamma_ is here translated "glorious
+doctrine." The dictionary defines the first word as "excellent,
+beautiful, glorious." This closely corresponds to the Christian term,
+which, as derived from the Greek, reads "evangel" and in its Saxon
+equivalent "gospel" or "good tidings."
+
+2. THE RICH YOUTH.
+
+Yasa, the son of a wealthy nobleman of Benares, came by night to the
+Blessed One and exclaimed: "What misery!" But the Buddha answered,
+"There is no misery for him who has entered the Path."
+
+Yasa, richly dressed, with an expression of distress, before the
+Buddha who comforts him. The scene is framed in darkness, the two
+figures being lit up by a torch.
+
+3. A CHILD'S OFFERING.
+
+Old frescoes in the Ajanta Caves show a mother sending a gift through
+her child. It looks as if they were Buddhist illustrations of Christ's
+injunction, "Suffer little children to come unto me."
+
+
+
+
+ACT IV.
+
+FIRST SCENE
+
+[A room in the Jetavana. The wheel of the law pictured on one side and
+the wheel of becoming on the other. Otherwise swastikas and lotus
+flowers serve as ornaments. A large opening exhibits a view into a
+garden with running water. On the right side there is a platform with
+low seats, on the other there is a low table with a divan, on which
+Anatha Pindika is seated, looking over palmleaf manuscripts.]
+
+
+    _Present: ANATHA PINDIKA (A); Servant (St.); PRINCE JETA (J);
+    later on KALA UDAYIN (K) and the BUDDHA (B)._
+
+    _A servant enters._
+
+_St._ His Highness the Prince Jeta.
+
+_A._ Show him in.
+
+    _JETA enters. A. rises to meet him with bows._
+
+You are most welcome, my Prince.
+
+_J._ I have come from my brother, the King, to express to you his
+thanks for having bought my pleasure grounds for the noble and great
+purpose of affording a worthy resthouse to the Buddha and his
+brotherhood.
+
+_A._ Kindly tender my gratitude to your royal brother for his gracious
+message.
+
+_J._ I hear that King Bimbisara has sent an embassy to the Buddha to
+induce him to come back to Rajagaha. Has the Buddha received these
+men?
+
+_A._ Not yet. He will see them this morning.
+
+_J._ We ought to keep him here. He is a wonderful man, and I consider
+our city fortunate to have him reside with us. What astonishes me is
+his way of conquering the hearts of all men, even of his opponents,
+and he is so sensible.
+
+_A._ What do you mean?
+
+_J._ I am not a religious man; I am too worldly, but him I would
+follow.
+
+_A._ Why?
+
+_J._ He is perhaps the only religious reformer who does not go to
+extremes. He rejects on the one hand austerities, self-mortifications,
+penances, and severe fasts as useless, and on the other hand, he would
+not allow his followers to indulge in pleasures; but he insists most
+sensibly on keeping between the two extremes and proclaims the middle
+path of leading a righteous life. There is nothing absurd about him.
+Think of Devadatta. He insists that the monks should dress in rags
+picked up in cemeteries. The Buddha appeals to common sense, and
+therefore I say, he is a wonderful man.
+
+_A._ He is more than a man; he is enlightenment incarnate.
+
+A stream of blessings goes out from him.
+
+_J._ He has grown into an international power, and kings do well not
+to ignore his influence.
+
+_A._ I think so myself, and I am so glad that his influence is always
+for good, never for evil, and his ways are so marvelously gentle.
+
+_J._ Indeed that is a blessing. If he were not so absolutely
+indifferent to his own affairs he might become positively dangerous.
+His lay disciples count in thousands of thousands. The farmers in the
+country, the merchants in the towns, the lawyers, the artisans, and
+even the soldiers believe in him. Lately General Siha became a lay
+member of the Buddha's brotherhood, and many other prominent officers
+followed his example.
+
+_A._ He would never have gained this influence if he were not truly
+the Buddha.
+
+_J._ I want to tell you that a war is threatening, but please do not
+speak of it, it is a deep secret. A spy in the secret service of my
+royal brother has found out that King Bimbisara intends to fall upon
+the Sakyas and deprive them of their independence. The Brahman
+Visakha, minister of state, has turned traitor and promises to deliver
+his country into the hands of King Bimbisara on the condition that he
+be made Raja in Suddhodana's place.
+
+_A._ The country of the Sakyas is but small, and their independence
+will not last long; it is a mere question of time.
+
+_J._ But consider that the Buddha hails from Kapilavatthu. He is the
+son of Suddhodana, the Sakya raja.
+
+_A._ Indeed he is and may I be permitted to inform him of the danger
+that threatens his father's house?
+
+_J._ I give you full liberty, for he will use discretion and not
+betray his informant. I deem Bimbisara's plan dangerous to himself. A
+war with the Sakyas may cost Bimbisara his throne, for the people of
+Rajagaha believe in the Buddha, and I learn that even now the war
+rumors have made them restless.
+
+    _Servant (St.) enters._
+
+_St._ Here is a man with the name Kala Udayin, who has a message for
+the Blessed One.
+
+_A._ Show him in.
+
+_J._ I leave you now and hope that you will keep the Buddha as long as
+possible in Savatthi.
+
+    _Exit._
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN enters and bows to ANATHA PINDIKA._
+
+_A._ You want to see the Blessed One? I will call him.
+
+    _ANATHA PINDIKA exit._
+
+_K._ [_Alone_] This is the place where Prince Siddhattha lives! Indeed
+a most delightful spot and more pleasant than many a royal palace. And
+how the people speak of him! They call him the Blessed One, the
+Buddha, the Tathagata, the Sakyamuni, the great Sage. The wealthiest
+man of Kosala has bought these extensive and most beautiful grounds
+and presented them to the brotherhood of his disciples, so that the
+Buddha would stay here from time to time, and that the people of the
+city would have him for their guest.
+
+    _BUDDHA accompanied by ANATHA PINDIKA comes in. He is
+    followed by two disciples. The BUDDHA sits down on the seat
+    on the platform, having on either hand one of his disciples.
+    ANATHA PINDIKA stands below with clasped hands._
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN sinks to his knees with clasped hands._
+
+_B._ My friend, what brings you here?
+
+_K._ A message from your royal father: He bade me tell you that he is
+growing old, and before he dies, he wants to see his son once more.
+Would you deign to accept his invitation?
+
+_B._ Tell me, my friend, how is my father? Is old age truly telling on
+him?
+
+_K._ Not yet so visibly, but he worries much.
+
+_B._ And how is Rahula? He is now seven years old and must be quite a
+boy.
+
+_K._ He is, my Lord; and how he talks of his father. He knows
+everything you are doing.
+
+_B._ Who tells him?
+
+_K._ His mother does.
+
+_B._ And tell me how the princess fares?
+
+_K._ She imposes upon herself the observances which the mendicant
+friars keep. She will have no preference over him who once was her
+husband. She sleeps on the floor, she does no longer use unguents or
+perfumes. She wears a simple yellow robe and observes the regulation
+of the brotherhood in taking food.
+
+    _The BUDDHA nods and with a distant look sits a few moments
+    in silence._
+
+_B._ And she is a good mother?
+
+_K._ There could be no better.
+
+_St._ [_announces_] An embassy of the most potent King of Magadha, the
+great Bimbisara.
+
+_B._ [_Addressing himself to the servant_] Let them come in, [_turning
+to K._] Kala Udayin, bring my father greetings, and say that I shall
+come.
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN exit._
+
+    _A number of men, the embassy of King BIMBISARA, led by
+    NAGADEVA, most gorgeously dressed, file in. They let
+    themselves down on one knee, clasp their hands and rise
+    again._
+
+_N._ Most gracious Lord, all-wise and blessed Buddha,
+Our noble sov'reign bids me tender you
+His most respectful greetings, and he hopes
+That you return and visit Rajagaha,
+For he is very anxious to be honored
+By your auspicious presence in his kingdom.
+
+_B._ My Lords, express to your most mighty King
+That the Tathagata can not accept
+This friendly invitation, for he will
+Start for his home, the country of the Sakyas,
+To see his aged father and his kin.
+If war or other ills befall his people,
+He wants to live, if need be, die with them.
+
+_N._ Lord Buddha, speak a word of truth to us,
+For I'm aware thou art omniscient.
+Our royal master wants to hear from thee.
+
+_B._ All bodily existence passeth by
+For it is compound and will be dissolved;
+But there is Law; it is the Uncreate,
+It is th' Etern, which is without beginning
+And without end. That must our refuge be.
+He who relies on the Impermanent,
+And, being strong, attempts to crush the weak,
+Will soon break down. This is the law of deeds,
+For as we sow, such will our harvest be.
+Rely on Truth, the Uncreate, th' Etern,
+Be guided by the rule of Righteousness.
+This is my message to the King, your Lord,
+And may he be advised to rule his country
+With love of peace, with goodness, and with wisdom.
+My blessing be on him and on his people.
+
+    _They kneel, clasp their hands, circumambulate the BUDDHA and
+    file out._
+
+    _JETA returns in excitement._
+
+_J._ The war is on! King Bimbisara's army
+Is building bridges to attack the Sakyas.
+
+    [CURTAIN. Trumpet signals, military music.]
+
+
+_FOURTH INTERLUDE._
+
+_Living Pictures Accompanied by Appropriate Music._
+
+
+1. KING BIMBISARA ON THE ROYAL ELEPHANT.
+
+The king is seated under a canopy, together with his minister and
+field marshal. On the head of the elephant, the driver; and retinue on
+either side.
+
+2. THE WANDERER.
+
+The Buddha was in the habit of wandering through the country from
+place to place.
+
+The picture shows him with a staff in his right hand and a bowl in his
+left in an Indian landscape.
+
+3. KING BIMBISARA IN CAMP.
+
+Standing before the royal tent he addresses his generals.
+
+
+
+
+ACT V.
+
+FIRST SCENE.
+
+[Reception hall of the Raja Suddhodana; Indian pompous style; columns
+and beyond an outlook into a tropical palm-garden. Seats scattered
+through the room. On the left a compartment, open toward the audience,
+is separated from the main room by hanging carpets.]
+
+
+    _Near the right side SUDDHODANA is seated with PAJAPATI and
+    YASODHARA. RAHULA in the background (viz., in the garden) in
+    the care of a nurse._
+
+_S._ The time is troublesome, and it appears that war is imminent.
+
+_P._   Oh do not fret;
+Visakha is a cunning diplomat:
+I hope he'll be successful, and he will
+Persuade King Bimbisara to keep peace.
+
+_S._ I do hope too, but hope against conviction.
+
+    _VISAKHA and DEVALA enter._
+
+There come the Brahman and the gallant Captain.
+
+_V._ [Kneeling on one foot to the King] Hail Maharaja!
+
+_D._ Hail, my gracious King.
+
+_S._ Welcome my worthy messengers!
+
+    _They kneel to PAJAPATI._
+
+_P._ Be welcome.
+
+_S._ Tell me at once, how did your mission speed?
+
+_V._ There is a subtle influence against you
+At Bimbisara's court; there is a party
+Bound to have war, and they will have it too,
+Unless we meet them by diplomacy.
+Leave it to me, and I'll preserve the peace.
+
+_S._ Had not my son turned mendicant, how useful
+Could he at present be! I need a general,
+A trusty man of youthful strength and courage
+To take the helm and lead the ship of state
+Through storm and danger, for our foes are strong.
+
+_V._ Great Raja, I am privy to your grief,
+I know the hope you'd set upon Siddhattha.
+What brilliant gifts the boy inherited,
+From you, his royal father, and how he,
+Forgetful of his filial duty, left you,
+And his fair wife and child, to turn a beggar.
+
+_S._ All this is true, remind me not of it,
+'Tis a disgrace to our most royal house,
+And all the Rajas in the Indian land,
+Will point to us and mock the Sakya tribe.
+
+    _RAHULA comes in with childlike joy and brings his mother a
+    rose._
+
+_R._ Here, mother, is a rose. I picked it from the bush where the
+nightingale sings. I thought, if father had been here, he would have
+brought the rose to you. He loves the flowers and so do you.
+
+_Y._ My darling!
+
+_S._ [_with a touch of anger_] Yasodhara, I wish you would not speak
+to him too much of his father.
+
+_R._ Why should mother not mention father? I love him and I should
+know all about him. I want to join the Buddha's brotherhood.
+
+_S._ Do you love him more than your grandfather?
+
+_R._ I love my grandfather too, I love mother, and you, dear
+grandmother [_turning to PAJAPATI_]. You are always so kind to me. I
+love you all. But father I love in a different manner. I love him as
+Buddha. I clasp my hands to him as to a god; and so do you mother, do
+you not?
+
+_Y._ [_Puts her hand on Rahula's mouth_] Hush! I thank you for the
+rose, my child; now run away and bring another rose to grandfather,
+and one for your grandmother Pajapati.
+
+_R._ Yes mother, and one I keep for father when he comes.
+
+    _Runs off._
+
+_V._ Your grandson needs a father, Maha Raja!
+
+And let me tender you my humble service.
+I see Yasodhara, the noble princess,
+Pine patiently away and spend in mourning
+Her life's best years of youth and happiness.
+She has been cruelly deserted, has
+Been widowed by Siddhattha for a whim.
+Give her to me in marriage, and I'll prove
+A better father than that runaway,
+A better father to your little grandson,
+A better husband to his widowed wife.
+
+_S._ You are at liberty to ask my daughter.
+
+_V._ Fair Princess, cease to mourn, and grant my suit.
+Thou shalt see better days than heretofore.
+
+_Y._ I pledged my troth to Gotama Siddhattha,
+And I shall never break my faith to him.
+
+_V._ Siddhattha is no more, he has turned monk
+And you are free, you are Siddhattha's widow.
+
+_S._ My daughter, do not think that I oppose
+Visakha's suit, for on the contrary
+I do support it, and I wish you would
+Accept him as a husband, for I need
+Alliance with a brave and trusty man.
+
+_V._ Princess Yasodhara, here is my hand,
+Do not refuse me.
+
+_Y._ Brahman, spare your words.
+
+_V._ The time will come when you will sore regret.
+O King, compel her to obey; make use
+Of your good right as master of this house,
+For I alone can save the Sakya state.
+
+_P._ O worthy Brahman, do not threaten us.
+
+_V._ Decide, O Maharaja; thou art Lord!
+Thy bidding must be done. Shall women rule,
+Or art thou master still in thine own home?
+
+_S._ I am master here; but not a tyrant;
+Among our people master means a leader.
+The Sakya yeomen justly pride themselves
+On their free institutions. I'm the first
+Among them, not an autocrat nor despot;
+I serve them as adviser, guide and father;
+Shall I who never would infringe upon
+The right of any poorest peasant woman,
+Compel a princess of the royal house
+To marry 'gainst her will? No sir, not I.
+I wished the Princess to accept your suit,
+But I shall never say, She must be yours.
+
+_V._ King of the Sakyas, you forget yourself,
+I am a Brahman and of noble birth.
+I served you faithfully for many years,
+But now I quit your service, for I know
+That Bimbisara, King of Magadha,
+The mightiest of Indian rulers,
+Will welcome me as friend and counselor.
+
+    _He bows to the KING and PAJAPATI, and leaves. For a moment
+    they are all silent._
+
+_S._ I fear me that means war.
+
+_D._ Indeed it does.
+
+If you remember, King, Visakha said
+There was a subtle influence against you
+At Bimbisara's court. It dawns on me
+That he, Visakha, is the cause of it.
+I saw him whisper with a courtier, then
+He spoke in secret with a general,
+And with the King too he was closeted.
+The hypocrite has thrown away his mask,
+And since he spoke out boldly, I know now
+That he has been intriguing all the time.
+
+_S._ He thinks I hate my son, but I do not.
+I'm only angry, I am disappointed,
+Because he did not heed my dearest wish.
+I love him still and I invited him
+To visit his old home and me, his father.
+I sent Udayin with a kindly greeting.
+Oh, I'd forgive him all, and e'en his flight,
+Had only he not turned a mendicant.
+It hurts my pride to see a Sakya prince,
+And mine own son, go round from house to house
+With bowl in hand to beg his daily food.
+
+    _RAHULA comes in excited._
+
+_R._ Grandfather, here is your rose, and grandma, here is yours. And
+oh! did you hear the news?
+
+_Y._ What is it, boy? Why are you so excited?
+
+_P._ Who told you any news?
+
+_R._ The guards at the gate. They say that my father has come. All the
+people rush out of their houses and greet him with clasped hands.
+They strew flowers on the road and hail him as the Buddha!
+
+_Y._ [_rises_] Why, is it possible?
+
+    _Wants to retire._
+
+_S._ Stay here. Kala Udayin comes.
+
+    _KALA enter and kneels._
+
+_K._ I bow in humble reverence before the King. And my respectful
+salutations to all the members of the royal house [_turning to GOPA_]
+and to you.
+
+_S._ Bring you good news, Udayin?
+
+_K._ Your noble son, my King, is coming.
+
+_S._ Where did you find him?
+
+_K._ At the Jetavana at Savatthi.
+
+_S._ What kind of a place is that?
+
+_K._ It is the most wonderful pleasure park I ever saw. O King, your
+garden here is a paltry affair in comparison with the Jetavana.
+
+_S._ There he lives in luxury?
+
+_K._ Oh no Sir. Not at all. He could live in luxury, if he wanted to,
+but he leads a simple life, as simple as the humblest servant in your
+home, and when he wanders through the country after the rainy season
+he lives like any mendicant friar. He overtook me on my way, and when
+he came hither to Kapilavatthu, his home, he did as usual. Last night
+he slept in the forest, and this morning he went from house to house
+with bowl in hand, begging his food, and he spoke a blessing wherever
+people greeted him kindly, or gave him to eat.
+
+_S._ Oh my son, my son! Why didst thou not go straight to the palace
+where thy father has food enough for thee and all thy disciples!
+
+_K._ He always follows the rule of the mendicants.
+
+_S._ Oh my son! Why dost thou shame thy father in his own home?
+
+_K._ The Blessed One deems it no shame to beg. He is as modest as a
+pauper and shows no pride, but wherever he comes, he is greeted like a
+king, nay like a king of kings, and the wealthiest and most powerful
+rulers come to do him reverence.
+
+_S._ And he is here, this wonderful man? And he is my son Siddhattha?
+
+_K._ Yes, he is here, and it is your son, but no longer Siddhattha,
+the Sakya prince, but Sakya muni, the sage of the Sakyas, the Buddha,
+the Blessed One. When I spoke to him and gave him your message, he
+inquired for you and the Queen Pajapati [_YASODHARA rises_] and for
+you, most honored Princess and for Rahula. Yes, he inquired for you
+and how Rahula had grown.
+
+_Y._ Did he speak kindly of us?
+
+_K._ He always speaks kindly, and he is always calm.
+
+    [Music a song, Buddhist Doxology, at a distance]
+
+_K._ O listen to the music. Here he comes, the glorious Buddha. He
+must be at the gate.
+
+_Y._ [_rises again and withdraws._] I must be gone.
+
+_P._ O stay, Yasodhara.
+
+_Y._ No, I will hide me from his very sight; and if I am to him of any
+value, he will ask for me.
+
+_S._ Stay, Yasodhara.
+
+_Y._ He fled from me because I was a hindrance
+In his great quest, and he may shun me still.
+
+_S._ Stay none the less.
+
+_P._ Nay, let her withdraw; she is in tears and would break down.
+
+    _YASODHARA and PAJAPATI withdraw to the partition behind the
+    curtains._
+
+_S._ You say, that my son is greeted even by kings with clasped hands?
+
+_K._ Yea, even kings kneel to him.
+
+_S._ I shall do nothing of the kind. He is my son, my disobedient son,
+and I am still his father.
+
+    _PAJAPATI returns._
+
+    _The procession of the BUDDHA comes. Two monks precede and
+    stand at either side of the BUDDHA. Accompanying monks and
+    other public come into the garden, crowding up to the
+    columns. They all kneel with clasped hands, except
+    SUDDHODANA._
+
+_B._ My blessing to this house, to you, O King,
+And also to the Queen Pajapati,
+My dear good aunt and loving foster mother.
+
+_S._ At last thou comest back, my wayward son,
+But why didst shame me? Why didst thou go begging
+Here in my capital? Thou art descended
+From ancestors who are a royal race.
+
+_B._ My ancestors are Buddhas of past ages,
+Their thinking has descended unto me,
+Their habits and their rules of life I follow,
+And not the regulations of a court.
+
+    _The people rise to their feet again; KALA joins GOPA._
+
+_S._ Tell me, what are the rules of former Buddhas?
+
+_B._ They greet you with a stanza in return
+For any food or hospitality.
+
+_S._ I shall be glad to hear what you will say.
+
+_B._ Awake from sleep, dispel the dream;
+          Before the truth's bright ray
+          Things truly are not what they seem
+          But truth points out the way.
+          Truth, truth alone will bring you bliss,
+          In the next life and e'en in this.
+
+    _RAHULA brings a rose to BUDDHA._
+
+_R._ Here, father, is a rose I saved for you
+On the big bush where nests the nightingale.
+
+_B._ And this is Rahula! How you have grown!
+Where is your mother?
+
+_S._          Yasodhara was here,
+But would not stay. On hearing that you came
+She left the room and said that if at all
+You cared for her, you would not fail to ask.
+
+_B._ But I want to see her, lead me to the place.
+
+    _BUDDHA hands his bowl to the King, PAJAPATI rises and leads
+    the way. At a distance a flourish of trumpets._
+
+_D._ What military signals do I hear?
+
+_S._ Go, Captain Devala, see what it means.
+
+    _DEVALA exit. SUDDHODANA hands the bowl to one of the
+    disciples._
+
+_B._ Ye two disciples shall attend the meeting.
+Above all passion has the Buddha risen,
+But he will comfort her who loves him dearly.
+The Princess' heart is filled with deepest grief,
+And in no wise shall any one rebuke her
+In whatsoever way she greeteth him.
+
+    _PAJAPATI opens the curtain leading to the apartment where
+    YASODHARA sits. BUDDHA, PAJAPATI and SUDDHODANA enter.
+    YASODHARA sinks down before him and holds his feet, weeping.
+    The flourish of trumpets is repeated._
+
+_S._ [_Grows restless, turns to PAJAPATI_] These warlike trumpets
+                have a foreign sound
+And may forbode the enemy's attack.
+
+    _He leaves the apartment where YASODHARA is and re-enters the
+    hall, going toward the entrance in the background between the
+    columns._
+
+_B._ Yasodhara, I bring thee happy tidings,
+Deliverance is found, let go thy grief.
+
+    _YASODHARA looking up to BUDDHA with deep emotion._
+
+_Y._ Oh Lord, how did I long for your return,
+But in your eyes I have become as naught.
+
+_B._ My faithful helpmate and my former wife,
+Thou hast been dear to me, dear art thou still,
+But truth is dearer, and to truth I cling,
+While on my quest of truth in former lives,
+And also now in this existence, thou
+With voluntary sacrifice hast aided me,
+Imagine not that thou a hindrance art
+To me or to my work and holy mission.
+Next to my sainted mother thou art blessed
+Among the women of this world. Rejoice
+And let grief pass from thy suffering soul.
+
+_Y._ [_In a kneeling posture_] Grant me a boon, my Lord, a precious
+boon.
+
+_R._ Yea, father, grant the boon that mother wants.
+
+_B._ Speak, Princess, and I listen to thy word.
+I know thy heart, Yasodhara; I know
+That naught but worthy thoughts dwell in thy mind.
+
+_Y._ Grant me to help thee in thy noble mission.
+I want to join the band of thy disciples.
+
+    _She pauses and the BUDDHA hesitates to answer._
+
+         I shall be happy if I do thy work.
+
+_B._ Dost thou not know this boon is but a burden?
+
+_Y._ The heavier it be, my Lord, the more I welcome it.
+
+_R._         Oh grant the boon!
+
+_B._                            Not yet
+Yasodhara, have women been admitted;
+But I foresee the time will come.
+
+_Y._                           My Lord
+The time is here if thou but grant the boon.
+
+    _The BUDDHA places his right hand in blessing upon
+    YASODHARA'S head._
+
+_B._ So let it be, and so thy boon be granted;
+I may not hinder thee if thou insistest.
+
+    _As PAJAPATI helps YASODHARA to rise, a third flourish of
+    trumpets is heard, this time near by and loud. DEVALA returns
+    in great excitement and addresses SUDDHODANA._
+
+_D._ My noble liege, an embassy is coming
+From Bimbisara, King of Magadha.
+They are the kingdom's highest ministers,
+And sullen do they look and their retainers.
+
+_S._ 'Tis most unfortunate, but let them in.
+
+_D._ There's more to be announced.
+
+_S._                              You look excited.
+
+_D._ It is but the beginning of the end:
+Our scouts are captured, one of them escaped.
+
+    _He hesitates._
+
+_S._ Well, Devala?
+
+_D._              He carries evil news.
+
+_S._ [_With great anxiety_] By Issara! Speak, man! Don't hesitate.
+
+    _DEVALA covers his eyes with his hands and sobs._
+
+_S._ Tell me the worst. Tell me the worst at once.
+
+_D._ O that I had no tongue to tell the tidings.
+
+_S._ I will be brave, speak freely! Be a man!
+
+    _In the meantime the BUDDHA together with the others has
+    entered the main hall._
+
+_D._ Our cause is lost. We are surrounded,
+Three bridges have been built and General Siha
+Stands ready with an overwhelming army
+To crush us.
+
+_S._      Once I had a son! But he
+Alas! turned mendicant and fails me now!
+In him no drop of warrior blood is left,
+No spark of honor gloweth in his heart
+And our ancestral pride goes down in shame.
+
+_B._ Transient, my noble father, are all things.
+All kingdoms finally must pass away,
+But if thou tak'st thy refuge in the truth,
+Thou wilt be free from all vicissitudes.
+The kingdom of the truth alone endures.
+
+_S._ [_With indignation._] Siddhattha, spare thy monkish rant,
+Far better than thy cowardly submission,
+Far nobler and befitting it would be,
+To draw the sword and die a hero's death.
+
+    _The embassy in solemn procession files in as before at the
+    Jetavana. The BUDDHA withdraws and is not noticed by the
+    embassy. Prime Minister NAGADEVA (N) addresses King
+    SUDDHODANA._
+
+_N._ Oh Maharaja, listen to our message!
+
+The ruler of the mighty Magadha,
+King Bimbisara, sends you kindly greetings.
+He wants you to entreat the Blessed One,
+The holy Buddha, who now stays with you,
+Who, as he learneth, is your noble son,
+To come to Rajagaha on a visit.
+There have been rumors of intended war,
+And armies are maneuvering nearby,
+But be assured, our noble King means peace.
+He would not draw the sword against your state,
+Nor wage a war against the Buddha's father.
+
+    _SUDDHODANA'S eye searches for the BUDDHA who has been
+    standing behind a column and now steps forward._
+
+_S._ Oh noble son, oh blessed, highest Buddha,
+Thou art indeed a King of Kings on earth!
+
+    _He kneels down. All members of the embassy do the same._
+
+No crown thou wear'st, no scepter's in thy hand,
+Thou needest neither lance, nor sword nor shield,
+And yet thou rulest, with mere word and thought,
+Thou sway'st the destinies of all the world,
+I did not know thy power and thy great worth;
+But now I bow me down in humble faith,
+And I take refuge in the truth thou preachest.
+Henceforth I will devote myself to spread
+The kingdom of good will and righteousness.
+
+    [Music Buddhist Doxology]
+
+    [CURTAIN]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Buddha, by Paul Carus
+
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Buddha, by Paul Carus
+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Buddha, by Paul Carus
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Buddha
+       A Drama in Five Acts and Four Interludes
+
+Author: Paul Carus
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2007 [EBook #22782]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BUDDHA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Sankar Viswanathan,
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="tr"><p class="center">Transcriber's Note:</p>
+<p class="center">The spelling, accents, and diacritical marks of Sanskrit names is not
+        consistent in the book. The Table of Contents is not part of
+        the original book.</p></div>
+
+
+<h1>THE BUDDHA</h1>
+
+<h2>A DRAMA IN FIVE ACTS AND<br />
+FOUR INTERLUDES</h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>BY</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>PAUL CARUS</h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHICAGO</h3>
+<h3>THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.</h3>
+<h3>LONDON: 149 Strand</h3>
+<h3>1913</h3>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CONTENTS
+</h2>
+<table summary="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#DIRECTIONS_TO_THE_STAGE_MANAGER"><b>DIRECTIONS TO THE STAGE MANAGER.</b></a></td>
+    <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#CAST_OF_CHARACTERS"><b>CAST OF CHARACTERS.</b></a></td>
+    <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#GLOSSARY_OF_FOREIGN_TERMS"><b>GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS.</b></a></td>
+    <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#ACT_I"><b>ACT I.</b></a></td>
+    <td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#ACT_II"><b>ACT II.</b></a></td>
+    <td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#ACT_III"><b>ACT III.</b></a></td>
+    <td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#ACT_IV"><b>ACT IV.</b></a></td>
+    <td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a href="#ACT_V"><b>ACT V.</b></a></td>
+    <td class="tocpg"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="DIRECTIONS_TO_THE_STAGE_MANAGER" id="DIRECTIONS_TO_THE_STAGE_MANAGER"></a>DIRECTIONS TO THE STAGE MANAGER.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The scenery can be made very attractive by both historical accuracy
+and a display of Oriental luxury, but the drama may easily be
+performed with simple means at a small cost without losing its
+dramatic effect. Some of the changes, however, should be very rapid.
+The interludes can be replaced by lantern slide pictures, or may be
+omitted.</p>
+
+<p>If the interludes are retained there need not be any intermission in
+the whole drama.</p>
+
+<p>The music for the Buddha's Hymn of Victory, pages 5 and 39 (see <i>The
+Open Court</i>, XIX, 49); the dirge on page 19, (<i>Open Court</i>, XIX, 567);
+Yas&#333;dhara's Song, page 37 (<i>Open Court</i>, XVIII, 625); and the
+Doxology, page 63 and at the end (<i>Open Court</i>, XVIII, 627), may be
+found in a collection entitled <i>Buddhist Hymns</i> (Chicago, Open Court
+Publishing Co., 1911).</p>
+
+<h4>COPYRIGHT BY</h4>
+<h3>THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.</h3>
+<h3>1913</h3>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CAST_OF_CHARACTERS" id="CAST_OF_CHARACTERS"></a>CAST OF CHARACTERS.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><i>All vowels to be pronounced as in Italian.</i></p>
+<table summary="Cast of Characters" class="tb1">
+  <tr>
+    <td>Siddh&aacute;ttha G&oacute;tama, Prince of the Sakyas, later on the Buddha</td>
+    <td><i>B</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Suddh&#333;dana, King of the Sakyas, father of Siddh&aacute;ttha</td>
+    <td><i>S</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Paj&#257;pati, Queen of the Sakyas, aunt and stepmother of Siddh&aacute;ttha</td>
+    <td><i>P</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Princess Yas&#333;dhara, Siddh&aacute;ttha's wife</td>
+    <td><i>Y</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>R&#257;hula, Yas&#333;dhara's son</td>
+    <td><i>R</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Devadatta, brother of Yas&#333;dhara</td>
+    <td><i>Dd</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>K&#257;la Ud&#257;yin, a gardener's son</td>
+    <td><i>K</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gopa, Yas&#333;dhara's maid</td>
+    <td><i>G</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Vis&#257;kha, a Brahman, Prime Minister of Suddh&#333;dana</td>
+    <td><i>V</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>D&#275;vala, a Sakya Captain</td>
+    <td><i>D</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bimbisara, King of Magadha</td>
+    <td><i>Bb</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ambapali, King Bimbisara's favorite</td>
+    <td><i>Ap</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>N&#257;gad&#275;va, Prime Minister of M&aacute;gadha, leader of an embassy</td>
+    <td><i>N</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>General Siha, in the service of King Bimbisara</td>
+    <td><i>GS</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>J&#275;ta, Prince of Northern Kosala</td>
+    <td><i>J</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>An&#257;tha Pindika, a wealthy man of S&#257;vattha</td>
+    <td><i>A</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M&#257;ra, the Evil One</td>
+    <td><i>M</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Channa, Prince Siddh&aacute;ttha's groom</td>
+    <td><i>Ch</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Master of Ceremonies at Magadha</td>
+    <td><i>Mc</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>General Siha's Captain</td>
+    <td><i>C</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A Brahman Priest</td>
+    <td><i>Pr</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A Farmer</td>
+    <td><i>F</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Servant</td>
+    <td><i>St</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="2">Ministers, Officers, Soldiers, Trumpeters, Villagers, A Shepherd.
+Singers: M&#257;ra's Daughters, Angels, Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva.</td>
+
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="GLOSSARY_OF_FOREIGN_TERMS" id="GLOSSARY_OF_FOREIGN_TERMS"></a>GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+Buddha, the Enlightened One, the Saviour.<br />
+<br />
+Bodhi, enlightenment or wisdom.<br />
+<br />
+Bodhisatta, a seeker of the bodhi, one who endeavors to become a Buddha.<br />
+<br />
+Bodhi tree, the tree under which Buddha acquires enlightenment.<br />
+<br />
+Muni, thinker or sage.<br />
+<br />
+Sakyamuni, the Sage of the Sakyas, the Buddha.<br />
+<br />
+Tath&#257;gata, a title of Buddha, which probably means "The Perfect One," or "he who has reached completion."<br />
+<br />
+Nirv&#257;na (in Pali, "Nibbana") eternal bliss.<br />
+<br />
+Kapilavatthu, capital of the Sakyas.<br />
+<br />
+K&#333;sala, an Indian state divided into Northern and Southern K&#333;sala.<br />
+<br />
+S&#257;v&aacute;tthi, capital of Northern K&#333;sala.<br />
+<br />
+J&#275;tavana, the pleasure garden of Prince J&#275;ta at S&#257;v&aacute;tthi.<br />
+<br />
+M&aacute;gadha, a large kingdom in the Ganges Valley.<br />
+<br />
+R&#257;jag&aacute;ha, capital of Magadha.<br />
+<br />
+Uruv&#275;la, a place near Benares.<br />
+<br />
+Ar&#257;da and U'draka, two philosophers.<br />
+<br />
+Licch&aacute;vi, a princely house of Vesali.<br />
+<br />
+Nirgr&aacute;ntha (lit. "liberated from bonds"), a name adopted by the adherents of the Jaina sect.<br />
+<br />
+Indra, in the time of Buddha worshiped by the people as the most powerful god.<br />
+<br />
+Issara, the Lord, a name of God Indra.<br />
+<br />
+Yama, the god of death.<br />
+<br />
+K&aacute;li, a Brahman goddess, called also Durga.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ACT_I" id="ACT_I"></a>ACT I.</h2>
+
+
+<h2>FIRST SCENE.</h2>
+<p>[A tropical garden in Kapilavatthu, in the background mountains, at a
+distance the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas. On the right near the
+front a marble bench surrounded with bushes. Further back the palace
+entrance of the Raja's residence. Above the entrance a balcony. On the
+left a fortified gate with a guard house; all built luxuriously in
+antique Indian style.]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Present</i>: <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span>, <i>the king</i> (<i>S</i>); <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span>, <i>the
+queen</i> (<i>P</i>), <i>and the minister of state</i> <span class="smcap">Visakha</span> (<i>V</i>).</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>S.</i> My son Siddhattha truly loves his wife,<br />
+And since their wedlock has been blessed by this<br />
+Sweet, promising, this hale and healthy child,<br />
+His melancholy will give way to joy,<br />
+And we reclaim his noble energies<br />
+To do good service for our race and state.<br />
+New int'rests and new duties give new courage<br />
+And thus this babe will prove his father's saviour<br />
+For he will tie his soul to life again.<br />
+<br />
+<i>P.</i> I fear his grief lies deeper than you think.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> What sayest thou, my trusty counselor?<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> This is the last hope which I have for him,<br />
+I followed your advice and tried all means<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span>To cure Siddhattha of his pensive mood.<br />
+I taught him all that will appeal to man:<br />
+The sports of youth, the joy of poetry<br />
+And art, the grandeur of our ancient lore,<br />
+The pleasures e'en of wanton sense; but naught<br />
+Would satisfy the yearnings of his heart.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Yet for religion he shows interest:<br />
+He ponders on the problems of the world.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> Indeed he ponders on life's meaning much,<br />
+Investigates the origin of things<br />
+But irreligious are his ways of thought.<br />
+He shows no reverence for Issara,<br />
+And Indra is to him a fairy tale.<br />
+He grudgeth to the gods a sacrifice<br />
+And sheddeth tears at immolated lambs.<br />
+Oh no! he's not religious. If he were,<br />
+His ills could easily be cured by faith,<br />
+By confidence in Issara, the Lord.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> What then is your opinion of the case?<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> Siddhattha is a youth of rarest worth,<br />
+And he surpasseth men in every virtue<br />
+Except in one.&mdash;He is too independent:<br />
+He recognizeth no authority,<br />
+Neither of men nor gods. He suffereth<br />
+[<i>More and more impressively</i>]<br />
+From the incurable disease of thought.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Cure thought with thought, teach him philosophy,<br />
+Show him the purpose of our holy writ.<br />
+Instruct him in the meaning of the Vedas,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>Reveal to him their esoteric sense.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> My lord, I did, but he is critical,<br />
+He makes objections and will not believe.<br />
+He raises questions which I cannot answer,<br />
+And his conclusions are most dangerous.<br />
+<br />
+<i>P.</i> It seems to me that you exaggerate;<br />
+Siddhattha is not dangerous. He is<br />
+As gentle as my sister was, his mother,<br />
+And almost overkind to every one.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> I know, my gracious lady, but e'en kindness<br />
+May harmful be, if it is out of place.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> I see no danger in his gentle nature.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> But he lacks strength, decision, warlike spirit.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> That cometh with maturer years.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i><span class="f2">I doubt it:</span><br />
+Your son, my Lord, not only hath no faith<br />
+In holy writ, neither does he believe<br />
+In caste-distinction, and he would upset<br />
+The sanctioned order of our institutions.<br />
+He would abolish sacrifice and holdeth<br />
+The Brahman ritual in deep contempt.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Your words alarm me.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i><span class="f3">Rightly so; I fear</span><br />
+That he will stir the people to rebellion;<br />
+But since a child is born to him, his mind<br />
+May turn from dreams to practical affairs.<br />
+There are some men who care not for themselves,<br />
+Who scorn high caste, position, wealth and honor,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>So far as they themselves may be concerned,<br />
+But they are anxious for their children's fortune,<br />
+And so Siddhattha soon may change his views.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Let us be patient for a while yet longer.<br />
+Keep everything unpleasant out of sight,<br />
+Invite him merry company. Remove<br />
+His gloomy cousin Devadatta. He tries<br />
+To reach a state of bliss by fasts,<br />
+His very play is penance and contrition.<br />
+<br />
+<i>P.</i> Ananda is a better boon companion,<br />
+He is not so morose as Devadatta.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Neither is he the right friend for my son.<br />
+I grant he has a loving disposition,<br />
+But he is pensive too. Surround Siddhattha<br />
+With lads such as the gardner's jolly son,<br />
+Kala Udayin. Like a lark he warbles!<br />
+Would there were more like him. He jokes and laughs<br />
+And never makes a sullen face. But tell me<br />
+How is to-day Kala Udayin's father?<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> His sickness turns from bad to worse. I fear<br />
+He cannot live.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> [<i>with concern</i>] Have him removed from here;<br />
+Siddhattha likes him much and if he knew<br />
+Udayin's sorry fate, it might undo<br />
+All good effects of joyful fatherhood.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> The best will be to move him in the night.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Move him by night, and do it soon.&mdash;But hush,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>Yasodhara is coming with her babe.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> (<i>Y</i>) <i>and two attendant maids, one carries an
+umbrella, shading the Princess; the other,</i> <span class="smcap">Gopa</span> (<i>G</i>),
+<i>carries the infant</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>P.</i> [<i>meets her and kisses her.</i>]<br />
+Welcome, thou sweetest flower of our garden,<br />
+Thou ray of sunshine in Siddhattha's life.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> My dearest daughter! how is Rahula?<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> My royal father, Rahula is growing,<br />
+And he increases daily in his weight;<br />
+To-day he smiled at me most cunningly.<br />
+I'll lay him down, for he is fast asleep.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>All enter the palace. The stage remains empty a moment.
+Soft, serious music (Buddha's "Hymn of Victory") is heard.</i></p></div>
+
+
+<h2>SECOND SCENE.</h2>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> (<i>B</i>) <i>and</i> <span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> (<i>K</i>) <i>enter</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>K.</i> My sweet Prince, when you are king you must appoint me court
+jester. Will you, my good Lord? We two are good contrasts: You full of
+dignity upon a royal throne, a golden crown upon your head, the
+scepter in your hand, and I dressed in motley with cap and bells.
+Heigh ho! That will be jolly. And after all we are so much alike!</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> A royal crown shall never grace my head.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> And why should it not, sweet Prince?</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> I have a higher aim, a greater mission.<br />
+What is a kingdom? What are wealth and power?<br />
+What crown and scepter? They are transient things,<br />
+I yearn for the Immortal state, Nirvana.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Then wilt thou be a Buddha? Oh, even then will I follow thee.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He kneels down with clasped hands.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wilt thou a holy Buddha be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O keep me in thy company<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though I'm a jester. I'll be good.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Let me attain beatitude.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Rise Kala, rise, I am a mortal man,<br />
+I'm not omniscient, nor have I yet<br />
+Attained the goal of goals, enlightenment.&mdash;<br />
+Tell me, why dost thou think we are alike?<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> My Lord, you have no ambition to be a king; you think the world
+is full of vanity, and you consider that life and its glory will pass
+away. That is exactly what I think. I agree with you. Only, you are of
+a serious disposition and take the matter to heart, while I think it
+is great fun. What is the use of thinking so much. We are all like
+bubbles: we float in the air, and then the bubble bursts and this life
+is over. I am now a poor boy. I fear no change. In a future
+incarnation I may be born as the son of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> king, like you. And think
+of it, after a few million years, this whole world, this big bulky
+stupid institution, this home of so many villains, and a couple of
+good ones like us two among them, the theater of rascalities, of
+vanities, of follies, will be scattered to the winds, as if it had
+never existed. Be merry, my Prince, so long as the comedy lasts.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Devadatta</span> (<i>Dd.</i>) <i>appears in the background.
+His cheeks are sunken and his face is gloomy.
+His eye has a fanatic expression.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Consider, it may prove a tragedy.<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i> Let it be what it may be. To me it will be what I think it is. It<br />
+is a huge joke.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> But who will laugh at it, my friend?<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i><span class="f2">I will.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Kala, the time will come when thou wilt weep.<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i> Well then? And if I weep I shall shed tears.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Tears are a sweet relief<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In anguish pain and grief.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'll make the best of all,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whatever may befall.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Thy prattle seemeth foolish, but it hideth<br />
+A deep philosophy.<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i><span class="f3">Why then, good Lord,</span><br />
+Why wilt thou not its merry lesson learn?<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Good Kala listen, and thou'lt understand:<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>There is a difference between our aims:<br />
+Thou clingest to this world of transiency,<br />
+But I seek the Etern. Thou seest not<br />
+The misery of life, for thou art happy&mdash;<br />
+Happy at least at present, though the next<br />
+Moment may find thee writhing in lament.<br />
+I seek a place of refuge whence I can<br />
+Extend my hand to help those in distress.<br />
+I will attain the state of Buddhahood<br />
+To bring deliverance to all mankind.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> Why do you waste your time, Siddhattha, with this frivolous lad?
+What profit can there be in gossip such as you two carry on?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> You always scold, you hollow-eyed sour face! You always moralize.
+Even your good brother-in-law is too worldly for you.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> I did not speak to you, I addressed myself to Siddhattha.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Udayin has a heart, a human heart,<br />
+And all my sympathy goes out to him.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> If you intend to lead a religious life and go into homelessness,
+you had better devote yourself to fasts and contemplations.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p><p><i>K.</i> You do not talk to me, but I will talk to you, and I will tell
+you that in all your religious exercises you think of yourself, while
+Siddhattha thinks of others. I wish you would go into homelessness.
+Nobody would miss you here.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Addressing himself to</i> <span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span>.</p></div>
+
+<p>But, good my Lord, you must not go into homelessness, because you will
+do more harm than good.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> How can that be, my good Kala Udayin?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> There comes your noble wife, Yasodhara.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> <i>comes, her maids with umbrellas keep at a
+respectful distance</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>Y.</i> Come see our boy, he is a lovely child;<br />
+He just woke up. He maketh you forget,<br />
+The sad thoughts of your heart on world and life,<br />
+For he, the darling babe, is life himself.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Kala</span> <i>flirts with</i> <span class="smcap">Gopa</span>, <i>one of</i> <span class="smcap">Yasodhara's</span> <i>maids</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> I'll follow thee at once.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> [<i>Addressing Devadatta</i>]<br />
+And brother, will you come along?<br />
+<br />
+<i>Dd.</i><span class="f2">Not I.</span><br />
+This child is but the beginning of new misery. It continues the old<br />
+error in the eternal round on the wheel of life.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>She goes into the house.</i> <span class="smcap">Devadatta</span> <i>withdraws into the
+garden</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i><span class="f3">Now Kala speak.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> O Prince Siddhattha, do not go into homelessness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> do not leave
+us. I cannot live without you. You are my comfort, my teacher, my
+guide. I do not follow your instructions, but I love to hear them. Oh
+I could not live without you. Do not go, sweet Prince. Think of your
+wife, your dear good lovely wife, it will break her heart. Think of
+your child. Do not go, noble Prince. Let somebody else become the
+saviour of the world. Somebody else can just as well become the
+deliverer and the Buddha. I am sure there are many who would like to
+fill that place, and somebody can do it who has a less comfortable
+home to leave, who has a less lovely wife, who is not heir to a
+kingdom, and who has not such a sweet promising little boy as you
+have. I cannot live without you.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Wouldst thou go with me?<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i> [<i>kneels</i>]<span class="f3">Yes my Lord, I would.</span><br />
+Take me along and I will cheer you up.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Wouldst thou go begging food from house to house?<br />
+With bowl in hand, a homeless mendicant?<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i> No sir, that would not suit me.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Wouldst thou by night sleep under forest trees?<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> No sir, I would catch cold. That's not for me. [<i>Rises</i>] If you
+needs must go, sir, you had better go alone. That life is not for me.
+I will go and hear the nightingale.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> <i>follows the Princess into the palace</i>.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>K.</i></p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A Buddha's life<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is not for every one.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He has no wife<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No pleasure and no fun.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He cannot laugh,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He cannot cry;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He cannot love<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He cannot sigh.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He's always preaching, preaching.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He's always teaching, teaching.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He wonders at time's transiency<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And ponders on man's misery,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And findeth his salvation<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In dreary resignation.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That life I see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is not for me:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Twould be ill spent;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I would not find enlightenment.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I lift not the world's woe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in my quest for truth would fail<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">[<i>Muses a moment.</i>]<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So I had better go<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And listen to the nightingale.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> exit.</i></p></div>
+
+<p class="center">[During the last scene twilight has gradually set in.]</p>
+
+
+<h2>THIRD SCENE.</h2>
+<p>[The scene changes by open curtain. A veil comes down, and when its
+goes up again we see the bed chamber of Siddhattha and Yasodhara dimly
+lit by tapers.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> (Y) on the bed with babe in arms, two maids in
+waiting. <span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> (B) comes in. A halo of light (not too
+strong) surrounds his head. The princess rises, lays the babe
+down and advances toward her husband.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> O good my Lord, my Prince, my Husband!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>A pause. She changes her voice as if ashamed of her show of
+feeling. With a matter-of-fact intonation.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>Rahula fell asleep again.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Why art thou sad, my good Yasodhara?<br />
+I see a tear that glitters in thine eye.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> An unspeakable melancholy steals over my soul when
+I hear you speak of your religious longings.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Wouldest thou not rejoice if I fulfilled<br />
+My mission; if I reached the highest goal?<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Oh! Siddhattha! you do not love me.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> My heart embraces all the world&mdash;and thee.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> If you loved me truly, there would not be much room for all the
+world. You think of the world all day long, and have not a minute's
+time for your wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> I have, my dear!</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> My noble Husband!</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Speak!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Scarcely do I dare to call you by that name. You are kind and
+gentle, but for a husband you are too lofty, too distant in your
+dignity. It may be wrong in me, it may be sinful, but I wish you were
+less lofty and more loving.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> My dearest "Wife," I call thee so on purpose&mdash;<br />
+My dearest "Wife," thou dost not understand:<br />
+The misery and ills of all the world<br />
+Weigh heavy on my heart. I'll find no peace<br />
+Until at last a remedy be found.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Why dost thou trouble about others? Think of thy son, thy
+sweetest Rahula, and if thou lovest me a little only, think of me.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> I think of thee, my loving Wife, but when<br />
+I think of thee I think of all&mdash;of all<br />
+The loving wives, the happy trembling mothers<br />
+All over in the world. Happy they are,<br />
+But trembling for their babes. Oh! bear in mind,<br />
+We all are in the net of sorrow caught.<br />
+This world is full of pain, disease and death;<br />
+And even death brings no relief. Because<br />
+The wheel of life rolls on. The ills continue<br />
+In births that constantly repeat themselves.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Oh! do not speak of it my Lord, it makes me sad. Why do you think
+of misery, while here we are surrounded by wealth and comfort, and
+even the prospects of our future are most auspicious. Why borrow
+trouble before it comes?</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> My dear Yasodhara, change is the law<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>Of being. Now we prosper, but the wheel<br />
+Goes round and brings the high into the dust.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> You suffer from bad dreams;<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i><span class="f2">Listen to me.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>They sit down.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+In this luxurious palace and these gardens,<br />
+Surrounding it, was I brought up with care.<br />
+I saw naught but the fair, the beautiful,<br />
+The pleasant side of life.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i><span class="f2">I know, Siddhattha&mdash;</span><br />
+I know it very well.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i><span class="f3">You know, my father</span><br />
+Has kept me ignorant of evil things.<br />
+I might have thought that such is life throughout,<br />
+But I began to doubt and asked for leave<br />
+To see the world outside these palace walls.<br />
+Not without difficulty did I gain<br />
+Permission, and with Channa in a chariot<br />
+I drove away&mdash;when suddenly before me<br />
+I saw a sight I'd never seen before.<br />
+There was a man with wrinkled face, bleared eyes,<br />
+And stooping gait, a sight most pitiable.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> is much moved.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+While I was horror-struck, Channa passed by<br />
+Indifferent, for <i>he</i> had seen such men.<br />
+Too well he knew the common fate of all;<br />
+But I, the first time in my life, did learn<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>That, <i>if</i> we but live long enough, we all<br />
+Shall be such miserable wretched dotards.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> Too sudden came this saddening truth to you.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Channa sped on his horses out of town,<br />
+But there again! what an ungainly sight!<br />
+A man lay on the road-side, weak and helpless,<br />
+With trembling frame and feverish cramps.<br />
+I shut mine eyes to so much racking pain,<br />
+Still I could hear his groaning and his moaning.<br />
+"Oh, Channa," said I to the charioteer:<br />
+"Why does this happen? How deserves this man<br />
+The wretchedness of his great agonies?"<br />
+"How do I know?" said Channa, "for we all<br />
+Are subject to distemper and disease.<br />
+Sometimes the best are stricken&mdash;and must die!"<br />
+"Must die?" cried I, "What does that word portend?"<br />
+For, you must know, I never heard of death.<br />
+My father had forbidden, at his court<br />
+To speak to me of anything unpleasant.<br />
+"Yea, die!" said Channa, "Look around and see!"<br />
+Along the road a funeral procession<br />
+Moved slowly, solemnly and mournfully<br />
+And on the bier a corpse, stark, stiff and cold.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> Do not be troubled, death is still far off.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Oh do not feel secure, for the three evils<br />
+Surround us constantly and everywhere,<br />
+And even now death hovers o'er our house.<br />
+When I was born my mother went to heaven,<br />
+Which means, she died when she gave life to me.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span><br />
+<i>Y.</i> My Lord don't think of evils that are past.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> The world's impermanence is still the same,<br />
+And all material things are conformations<br />
+Subject to pain, decay and dissolution.<br />
+Yet unconcerned in blessed carelessness<br />
+Man hunteth after pleasure. Transiency<br />
+Has set its mark on life, and there is none<br />
+Who can escape its curse. There is no mortal<br />
+Who's always happy. Misery surprises<br />
+The luckiest with unexpected terror.<br />
+Then, in addition, unseen powers breed<br />
+Most heinous maladies and fever heat.<br />
+E'en if we were exceptions, thou must grant<br />
+That finally we too will meet our doom.<br />
+The ghastly specter Death, the stern king Yama,<br />
+Awaiteth all of us. Such is our fate!<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> O put away these gloomy thoughts, and think<br />
+Of life and love, and of thy lovely child.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Could we be truly happy while the world<br />
+Is filled with misery? Mine eyes are opened;<br />
+I see how death his gruesome revel holds.<br />
+He owns the world and sways its destinies.<br />
+One creature ruthlessly preys on the other,<br />
+And man, the cleverest, preys on them all.<br />
+Nor is he free, for man preys upon man!<br />
+Nowhere is peace, and everywhere is war;<br />
+Life's mighty problem must be solved at last.&mdash;<br />
+I have a mission to fulfil.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i><span class="f3">And me</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>Wouldst sacrifice for a philosophy,<br />
+For the idea of an idle quest!<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> 'Tis not for me to ask whether my quest<br />
+Be vain: for me 'tis to obey the call.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> [<i>with passionate outburst</i>] Siddhattha, O my Lord, my husband,
+what wilt thou do? Dost thou forget the promise made me on our wedding
+day?</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B</i>. Yasodhara, a higher duty calls.<br />
+The time will come, and it is close at hand,<br />
+When I shall wander into homelessness.<br />
+I'll leave this palace and its splendid gardens<br />
+I'll leave the pleasures of this world behind<br />
+To go in quest of Truth, of saving Truth.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> sinks on her knees before him and clasps his
+knees.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>Y.</i> And me, my Lord, thy quest will make a widow!<br />
+Oh, stay, and build thee here a happy home.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> My dear Yasodhara, it cannot be.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The Prince stands lost in thought. Rahula is restless.
+<span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> rises and turns toward the child.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>Y</i>. He wakes again. I come, my babe, I come.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[The veil comes down again, and when it rises it shows the garden
+before the palace as in the first scene, but it is night and all is
+wrapped in darkness.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h2>FOURTH SCENE.</h2>
+<p><i>King <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span> (S) and his minister <span class="smcap">Visakha</span> (V) come out of the
+entrance.</i> <i>Later on Captain <span class="smcap">Devala</span> (D) and soldiers.</i></p>
+
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Unfortunate, most unfortunate, that Udayin died. Siddhattha will
+miss the gardener and will ask for him.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> The Prince loves flowers, and he knows them all by name; he loves
+trees and shrubs, and praises them for yielding fruit and grain for
+feeding us without the need of shedding blood.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Have the body removed so long as it is dark.</p>
+
+<p><i>V</i>. The moon is full to-day and must rise in a little while.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Double the guards at the gate. I am afraid my son will flee. It
+would be a disgrace on my house to have him become a mendicant. The
+kings of Kosala, of Magadha, and all the others look with envy on our
+sturdy people; they dislike our free institutions and our warlike
+spirit. They would scoff at us if a Sakya prince had become a monk.
+But if Siddhattha does flee, I swear by Lord Indra that I shall disown
+him; I will no longer recognize him as my son. I will disinherit him
+and make Rahula my heir apparent.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"><i><span class="smcap">Visakha</span> looks at <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span> in amazement.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>S</i>. I am serious and I will do it. I swore an oath, and Issara will
+help me to keep it. Now go to the captain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> of the guards and do as I
+bid you.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Exit. The Minister alone.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> Oh! What a chance for me! Siddhattha will flee, if he be not
+prevented; he will be disinherited. Rahula is a babe, and it will take
+twenty years before he grows up to manhood.&mdash;[<i>He muses.</i>] I may
+proceed on different lines, and one of them must certainly lead to
+success. I may marry the Princess and become the stepfather of the
+heir apparent, his guardian, the man who has him in his power&mdash;Hm! Hm!
+I need not plan too far ahead. And if that plan did not work, the King
+of Magadha would make me raja of the Sakyas, if I would recognize him
+as my liege.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The full moon rises and the scene becomes gradually
+brighter. <span class="smcap">Visakha</span> knocks at the gate.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>Who is on guard?</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Officer comes out.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>D.</i> I am, my Lord, 'tis Captain Devala.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> 'Tis well. King Suddhodana requests you to double your guard
+to-night, for he has reasons. Further he wants you to remove the
+corpse of Udayin, the gardener who died to-day of an infectious
+disease. Be on your guard, for where a dead body lies there are
+ghosts&mdash;and [<i>in a half whisper</i>] when you see demons or gods, keep
+yourselves, you and your men, locked<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> up in the guard house, and the
+spook will pass without harm.</p>
+
+<p><i>D.</i> Your order shall be punctiliously obeyed.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Pays his military salute and returns to the guard house.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> That settles the guard, and should Siddhattha flee he will find
+no obstacle.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Two men come out of the guard house and enter the palace
+with a bier. <span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> comes back from the garden. <span class="smcap">Visakha</span>
+retires into the background.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> The nightingale is a sweet bird, but I like the lark better. The
+nightingale is more artistic, but his song is melancholy, he is so
+sentimental! The lark has a mere twitter like my own song, I like the
+lark better. How beautiful is this summer night; How glorious is the
+moon; how fragrant are the roses in the garden! It is a most
+auspicious night, and all breathes happiness.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Visakha</span> from his hiding place watches <span class="smcap">Kala</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> He comes in time, his presence will prosper my plans.</p>
+
+<p>[Kala is lost in thought. Music, from Beethoven's Seventh Symphony,
+somber and as if coming from a distance, is heard.]</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p><p><i>K.</i> [<i>while the music plays</i>] What a strange presentiment is stealing
+over my soul. Perhaps I was too happy! What does Siddhattha say?</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"All conformations always are transient,<a name="FNanchor_A" id="FNanchor_A"></a><a href="#Footnote_A" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Harrassed by sorrow, lacking a self."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A" id="Footnote_A"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> The quoted lines run in the same rhythm as the melody and
+should be pronounced accordingly. See <i>Buddhist Hymns</i>, p. 22.</p></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The men come with the corpse on the bier. <span class="smcap">Kala</span> stops them.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> What do you carry? Who is this? [<i>he shrieks</i>] My father! [<i>The
+carriers set the corpse down and Kala sinks down by the bier.</i>] Oh, my
+father! my dearest father! How did you die? Why did you leave me? Oh,
+my father! [<i>he sobs</i>].</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The moon sinks behind a cloud.</i></p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> comes.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> What may the trouble be? I heard a shriek.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Kala</span> raises himself half way up. The scene is bright again.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Oh, my Prince! See here! My father is dead! Now I know the truth
+as well as you. Now I feel the pain. The time has come for me to
+lament. I was so happy and I would not believe you.&mdash;Oh ye who are
+happy, think in the hour of happiness that all is subject to
+suffering, and the hour of suffering will come to you too. Nay more
+than that, the hour of death will come; it has come to my father, it
+will come to you and to me, and then my caroling will stop forever.
+Oh, my poor father!</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> How rarely is thy advent welcome, Death,<br />
+E'en this poor gardener who a servant was<br />
+His livelong days, leaves in our hearts a gap.<br />
+His son lamenteth him, and I not less;<br />
+He was my loving friend; my educator,<br />
+He had me on his knees so many a time,<br />
+To tell me how the flowers will grow and blow,<br />
+And how they prosper after rainy days.<br />
+May gentle lilies from thy ashes spring,<br />
+Decked with the purity of thine own heart,<br />
+And with their fragrance give the same delight<br />
+That in thy present life thou gavest us.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The carriers lift up the body and carry it out.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Oh, fare thee well, thou good and worthy friend,<br />
+Oh, fare thee well, but thy departure is<br />
+To me a token that my time has come.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Turning to <span class="smcap">Kala</span> who all the while was lying prostrate
+weeping.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Weep not, companion of my childhood days,<br />
+But bear in mind the courage of thy mirth.<br />
+Remember all the virtues of thy father<br />
+And let them live again in thine own heart.<br />
+Thou must not yield to weakness and lamenting,<br />
+Tend to life's duties: Go and call me Channa,<br />
+Bid him to saddle Kanthaka, my steed,<br />
+And let him ready be for a night's ride.<br />
+</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Kala</span> exit. <span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> alone.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+The hour has come! and now my last farewell<br />
+To thee my wife and Rahula my son.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> makes a few steps and halts.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+This is the greatest sacrifice I bring:<br />
+I leave behind a crown without regret;<br />
+I leave the luxury of wealth and power;<br />
+I care for them as though they were but ashes<br />
+But I must also leave my wife and child:<br />
+Here I must prove the courage of my heart.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Enters the house.</i></p></div>
+
+
+<h2>FIFTH SCENE.</h2>
+<p>[The veil of clouds comes down, and when it rises we see Yasodhara's
+bedroom again.]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> (B) enters. <span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> (Y) sleeps with the babe in
+her arms.</i></p></div>
+
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Here lie the rarest treasures of this life,<br />
+My noble wife, my dear boy Rahula.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> approaches the bed.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Your sleep is sweet in your sweet innocence,<br />
+And I will not disturb your blissful rest.<br />
+I will go out in search for saving Truth<br />
+And shall not come again unless 't be found<br />
+Farewell my wife and Rahula my son.<br />
+Must I be gone? Is this, in sooth, my duty?<br />
+</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He goes toward the door. There he stops.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Perchance on their account I ought to stay.<br />
+But no! my father can take care of them.<br />
+It is my tender heart that makes me weak.<br />
+This is the greatest sacrifice I bring.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<h2>SIXTH SCENE</h2>
+<p>[Change of scene, as rapid as before. The garden before the palace]</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Channa</span> (Ch.) enters with a horse.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Channa.</i> My Prince, here is your steed!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Mara</span> (M), a superhuman figure, gaudily dressed, hovering in
+the air, suddenly appears and addresses <span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> (B).</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>M.</i> It is a shame to leave your wife and child.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> [<i>Addressing the vision in the air.</i>]<br />
+Mara, thou here? thou wicked one, thou tempter!<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i> Oh do not leave us Prince. Think of the wrong you do.<br />
+You wrong your royal father, you wrong your wife, you wrong your child.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> What sayest thou? Thou sayest I do wrong?<br />
+The same rebuke is echoed in my heart;<br />
+It is so sweet, so loving, so alluring!<br />
+And shall I listen to its tender voice?<br />
+How pleasant would it be to stay at home,<br />
+And to enjoy my wife's love and my child's!<br />
+Is that my duty? Say, is that my duty?<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span><br />
+<i>K.</i> Surely my Lord, your duties lie at home.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> wavers as if in doubt. He stands pondering for a
+moment.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Who will instruct me where my duty lies?<br />
+<br />
+<i>M.</i> I will instruct thee, I will guide thee right.<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i> How can you doubt, my Prince? And can you not<br />
+Search for the truth here in this pleasant garden?<br />
+There're spots enough where you can think and ponder,<br />
+And meditate among the fragrant flowers.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Here I shall never reach my goal.<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i><span class="f3">Stay here.</span><br />
+A kingdom is your sure inheritance,<br />
+While Buddahood is but a doubtful prize.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> And shall the world wait for another Buddha?<br />
+So many millions clamor for the truth!<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>With determination.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+I hear the call and naught shall hold me back.<br />
+I see my duty and I will obey.<br />
+<br />
+<i>M.</i> Wilt thou not stay, my noble Prince Siddhattha?<br />
+The wheel of empire turns, and thee I shall<br />
+Make king of kings to rule the whole broad earth.<br />
+Think of the good which thou wilt do as king!<br />
+And then as king of kings thy mighty power<br />
+Will spread the good religion o'er the world.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> I know thee Mara, tempter, Evil One,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>Prince of this world, I know thy voice, thy meaning.<br />
+The gifts thou offerest are transient treasures,<br />
+And thy dominion is mere vanity.<br />
+I go to found a kingdom in the realm<br />
+Of the immortal state which lasts for aye.<br />
+Thou hinderest and dost not help the truth.<br />
+<br />
+<i>K.</i> Thou speakest to the empty air, my Prince,<br />
+For I see no one whom thou thus addressest.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Channa</span> helps <span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> to mount, and while the gate opens
+leads the horse out of the gate, and <span class="smcap">Kala</span> enters into the
+palace. <span class="smcap">Visakha</span> is coming to the front.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> He is gone. He has made room for me. The time will come when this
+kingdom will be mine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> [<i>from the balcony</i>] Siddhattha! Siddhattha! Where are you? He is
+gone! He has departed into homelessness! [<i>She faints.</i>]</p>
+
+<p class="center">[<span class="smcap">Curtain</span>]</p>
+
+
+<h2><i>FIRST INTERLUDE.</i></h2>
+<p><i>Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music, as an introduction
+to Act II.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Begging Food.</span></p>
+
+<p>A scene of the Prince's life as a mendicant friar.</p>
+
+<p>A Hindu village, Siddhattha stands bowl in hand before a hut; a woman
+dishes some rice from a kettle into his bowl; villagers, including
+children, stand around gazing at him,&mdash;a few with clasped hands.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">The King Greets the Mendicant.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></span></p>
+
+<p>Tradition tells that King Bimbisara, hearing of the noble monk, went
+out to see him and offered him to take part in the government. This
+being refused, the King requested him to visit Rajagaha, the royal
+residence, as soon as Siddhattha had become a Buddha.</p>
+
+<p>Siddhattha is seated under a tree near a brook; the king stands before
+him, surrounded by his retinue.</p>
+
+<p>3 <span class="smcap">Preaching to the Villagers.</span></p>
+
+<p>Under the tree in the market place of a Hindu village The Buddha is
+seated in the attitude of a preacher. The villagers stand or squat
+around intently listening.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">Saved from Starvation</span></p>
+
+<p>In company with other monks, Siddhattha sought for a while
+enlightenment by self-mortification.</p>
+
+<p>Being exhausted by severe fasts, the mendicant faints, and Nanda, the
+shepherd's daughter, passing by, refreshes him with rice milk. His
+five disciples at a distance fear that he has given up his quest for
+truth.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ACT_II" id="ACT_II"></a>ACT II.</h2>
+
+<h2>FIRST SCENE</h2>
+<p>[Seven years have elapsed since the first act. A room in the royal
+palace at Magadha]</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Present: <span class="smcap">Nagadeva</span> (N), the prime minister, <span class="smcap">General Siha</span>
+(GS), commander-in-chief of the Magadha forces. Later on the
+<span class="smcap">Master of Ceremonies</span> (MC), <span class="smcap">King Bimbisara</span> (Bb.), a trumpeter
+and a small body guard.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>N.</i> It is a joy to serve this mighty king<br />
+Whose power extendeth over many lands.<br />
+In peace he ruleth wisely, and his subjects<br />
+Obey him willingly for he is just.<br />
+In war he swoops upon his enemies<br />
+As doth a hawk upon a helpless chicken,<br />
+Quick in attack, lucky in every fight.<br />
+Indeed he earned his name deservedly,<br />
+The warlike Bimbisara.<br />
+<br />
+<i>GS.</i><span class="f3">At his side</span><br />
+I fought with him in many a doubtful battle<br />
+With all the odds against us, but his daring,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>Joined to a rare instinctive foresight<br />
+By which he could anticipate all dangers,<br />
+Would win the day and ne'er was he defeated!<br />
+In this our latest war he took great risks,<br />
+Might have been taken by his foes, and would<br />
+Have lost his liberty, his throne, his life;<br />
+But venturing much he won, and by exposing<br />
+His own high person in the brunt of battle<br />
+He stirred the courage of his followers<br />
+To do great deeds of valor.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Master of Ceremonies</span> enters with a trumpeter.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>MC.</i><span class="f3">Noble lords,</span><br />
+Mis majesty, our royal lord, is coming<br />
+To meet you here in private council.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Trumpeter blows a signal.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Hail the victorious, warlike Bimbisara!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Both kneel as the king enters preceded and followed by a
+small body guard.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> Be greeted noble lords.</p>
+
+<p><i>N.</i> We wish you joy and the continuance of your good fortune.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Bb.</i> I have a matter to bespeak with you,<br />
+Far-reaching weighty plans of great importance.<br />
+I wish to be alone with you.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Turning to the captain of his body guards.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Captain, have this room guarded by your soldiers.<br />
+The gong shall call you when I need your service.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The soldiers march out of the room.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Be seated, my good lords.<br />
+You helped me gain a wondrous victory<br />
+Which proves I have the favor of the gods.<br />
+I probed your skill, your courage and your faith<br />
+And found you both most able and most trusty.<br />
+Therefore you are to me much more than vassals<br />
+And servants of the state; you are my helpers,<br />
+Indeed my friends and nearest to my heart.<br />
+A king needs friends who share his secret thoughts,<br />
+Who stand by him in all vicissitudes,<br />
+Who bear with him responsibilities,<br />
+And above all, who frankly speak the truth.<br />
+I ask you, will you be such friends to me?<br />
+<br />
+<i>GS.</i> I will with all my heart.<br />
+<br />
+<i>N.</i><span class="f3">And I not less.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>Bb.</i> I, my dear friends, I promise you in turn<br />
+That I shall not resent your words of truth<br />
+If spoken in good faith with best intentions.<br />
+I may not always follow your advice,<br />
+But you are free to say whate'er you please,<br />
+Whate'er you may deem best for me to know,<br />
+Whate'er will benefit the empire and my people.<br />
+Now listen what I have to say to you.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>I will reveal to you my inmost heart:<br />
+This is an age of greatest expectations;<br />
+Riches accumulate in our cities,<br />
+Commerce and trade are flourishing, and<br />
+Our caravans exchange our native goods<br />
+For gold and precious produce from abroad.<br />
+What India needs is unity of rule.<br />
+The valley of the holy Ganges should<br />
+Be governed by one king, a king of kings.<br />
+There should no longer be a rivalry,<br />
+A clash of interests between the states,<br />
+And all the princes should obey the rule<br />
+Of the one man who guides and guards the whole.<br />
+This therefore is my plan: you Nagadeva<br />
+Must gain the favor of our neighbor kings,<br />
+So as to make them recognize our sway.<br />
+If voluntarily they will submit,<br />
+They shall be welcome as our worthy vassals.<br />
+If they resist (<i>turning to Siha</i>) my gallant general<br />
+You must reduce them to subjection.<br />
+A treaty with the rajas in the east,<br />
+In southern and in northern Kosala,<br />
+Speedeth my plans, the Sakyas only<br />
+Defy our sovereign will, and keep aloof.<br />
+If they yield not, their power must be broken!<br />
+There is a task for you and for my army.<br />
+<br />
+<i>N.</i> Permit, my noble king, that I advise you.<br />
+I know the Sakya minister of state,<br />
+And he is willing to betray his master.<br />
+The Sakya prince, the only son and heir,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>Siddhattha Gotama he's called by name,<br />
+Went into homelessness and has turned monk,<br />
+Leaving behind his wife and a small son.<br />
+The minister aspireth to the throne,<br />
+And if we help him in his plans, he will<br />
+Acknowledge you as sovereign over him.<br />
+And that will save your army blood and trouble.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Bb.</i> What is his name.<br />
+<br />
+<i>N.</i><span class="f2">Visakha, noble King.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>Bb.</i> I wish to see him. Let him visit you<br />
+And as by accident I want to meet him.<br />
+<br />
+<i>GS.</i> Allow me, mighty King, a word of warning.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Bb.</i> Speak freely.<br />
+<br />
+<i>GS.</i><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>With unconcealed indignation, almost entreatingly.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="f3">Do not listen to a traitor.</span><br />
+Send me with all the army of the kingdom,<br />
+Bid me lead captive all the Sakyas; do it<br />
+In open fight but not by treachery.<br />
+My King, avoid alliance with Visakha,<br />
+His very breath contaminates. He lowers<br />
+Ourselves to his low level.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Bb.</i><span class="f3">Thank you Siha.</span><br />
+I will be slow. [<i>Pondering</i>] But it is too important!<br />
+</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Argues with himself.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+May I not listen to a traitor's words,<br />
+Nor hear him,&mdash;profit by his information?<br />
+<br />
+<i>GS.</i> Oh do it not!<br />
+<br />
+<i>Bb.</i><span class="f3">Siha, thou art a soldier.</span><br />
+I honor thee, thou speakest like a soldier,<br />
+But think how much diplomacy will help,<br />
+How many lives and property it saves.<br />
+Without the brutal means of war it will<br />
+Better accomplish all our ends; it spares<br />
+The enemy as well. A prosperous country<br />
+Will serve me better than a city sacked<br />
+And villages destroyed by fire.<br />
+<br />
+<i>GS.</i> Pardon, my liege, I do not trust a traitor.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Bb.</i> I will be on my guard, but I shall see him,<br />
+'T shall be by way of reconnoitering.<br />
+You in the meantime keep the army ready,<br />
+For one way or another I must conquer<br />
+The Sakya king and make him do my bidding.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The King rises indicating that his two counselors are
+dismissed. They rise also.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+The world is growing wider every day<br />
+And our souls broaden with the general progress.<br />
+A new era dawns upon us. Let us all<br />
+Help to mature the fruitage of the times.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<h2>SECOND SCENE</h2>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p><p>[The garden before the palace of King <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span> as in Act I]</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Presents <span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> (Y) with her maid <span class="smcap">Gopa</span> (G) and <span class="smcap">Rahula</span>
+(R).</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Repeat that verse once more and then we will stop our lesson.</p>
+<p><i>R.</i></p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">With goodness meet an evil deed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With loving kindness conquer wrath,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With generosity quench greed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lies by walking on truth's path.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Now you can run about in the garden or play with the Captain's
+son.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Mother, I do not believe that goodness always works in this life.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Why do you think so?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Because there are very bad boys, so bad that only a whipping will
+cure them.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Rahula!</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Truly, mother, truly. Even the gardener says so.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> You must set the bad boys a good example.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> No use, mother; they remain bad. I have tried it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> You must have patience.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> No use, mother; and the gardener says, A viper remains a viper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Even poisonous reptiles can be tamed.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Yes, but the gardener first pulls their fangs. Would you like me
+to play with a viper?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> No, my boy.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Excitement at the gate. <span class="smcap">Kala</span> enters and soldiers of the
+guard surround him.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> What is going on?&mdash;O Mother! Kala Udayin is back!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> (K) appears among the guards.
+<span class="smcap">Rahula</span> runs to the gate.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Kala! Welcome home! Shake hands!</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Be heartily greeted, my boy.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Did you see father?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I did, Rahula.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Tell me all.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I will tell mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Come to mother. She has been expecting you for many days.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Kala</span> kneels to the Princess.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Gopa, take his bundle. [<i>The maid takes his bundle and carries it
+into the house.</i>] What news do you bring of Prince Siddhattha?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I followed the Prince from place to place and saw him last near
+Benares in the forest of Uruvela.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> How is his health, and will he come back?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> His health is probably good, but he does not think of coming
+back&mdash;not yet. O my dear lady! If you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> could see him! he is as thin as
+a skeleton. I could count all his ribs.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> What is the trouble with father.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> He is fasting. He lives on a hempcorn a day; think of it, one
+little hempcorn a day!</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Oh, he will die! My poor husband. I must follow him and attend to
+his wants. He needs his wife's loving care. I will leave my home and
+follow him.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Could you help him, princess? He might not like it, and the monks
+abhor women. Moreover, I was told that he takes food again, every
+morning a cup of rice milk. The day I left he looked better. Still, he
+was pretty pale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Tell me all you know of him.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I went first to Rajagaha, and there I heard wondrous tales about
+the noble monk Gotama. All the people knew about him, they called him
+a "sage" or "muni" and the "Bodhisatta."</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> What does that mean, Kala?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Bodhisatta is the man who seeks the bodhi&mdash;and the bodhi is
+enlightenment or Buddhahood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> What did the people of Rajagaha say?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> When Prince Siddhattha came to Rajagaha, he created a great
+excitement in the city. Never had been seen a mendicant of such noble
+appearance, and crowds flocked to him. They thought he was a Buddha
+and greeted him as a Buddha; but he said<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> to them "I am not a Buddha;
+I am a Bodhisatta, I seek Buddhahood, and I am determined to find it."</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Did you meet people who saw him?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Indeed, I did. They say he looked like a god. The news spread all
+over the capital, and King Bimbisara himself went out with his
+ministers to see the Bodhisatta. King Bimbisara came to the place
+where the stranger stayed&mdash;under a forest tree near a brook&mdash;and
+greeted him most respectfully saying, "Great monk, remain here with me
+in Rajagaha; I see that you are wise and worthy. Live with me at the
+royal palace. Be my adviser and counselor. You are not made for a
+mendicant. Your hands are fit to hold the reins of empire. Stay here,
+I beg you, and you shall not lack honor and rank." "Nay," replied
+Siddhattha, "let me go my way in quest of enlightenment. I am bent on
+solving the problem of existence, and I will become a Buddha." Said
+the King, "Hear then, great monk. Go in quest of enlightenment, and
+when you have found it come back to Rajagaha."</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Is King Bimbisara so religious?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> King Bimbisara is ambitious. As is well known, he is a warrior
+and a conqueror; but that is not all. He wants to be the greatest
+monarch of all ages and he would have all the great events happen
+under his rule. This is what he said to the Bodhisatta: "When I was a
+youth I uttered five wishes, and they were these: I prayed, May I be
+crowned King. This wish has been fulfilled. Then I wished, May the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+holy Buddha, the Blessed One, appear on earth while I am King, and may
+he come to my kingdom. This was my second wish, and while I gaze upon
+you I know that it will be fulfilled. Further I wished, May I see the
+blessed Buddha and pay my respects to him. This was my third wish. My
+fourth wish was, May the Blessed One preach the doctrine to me, and my
+fifth and greatest wish was this, May I understand the doctrine. I beg
+you, therefore, great monk, when you have become a Buddha come back
+and preach the doctrine to me and accept me as your disciple."</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> And whither did Siddhattha go from Rajagaha?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> He visited the great philosophers Arada and Udraka, but he found
+no satisfaction in their theories. So he went on to Uruvela where the
+ascetics live. I followed the Bodhisatta and learned that he stayed
+with five disciples in the forest. I found shelter near by in the
+cottage of the chief shepherd, a good old man with a pretty daughter,
+Nanda. There I watched Siddhattha and his disciples from a distance.
+He was the youngest but the wisest of them, and they reverenced him as
+master. He outdid them all in fasting. One day Nanda, the shepherd's
+daughter, saw him faint, and he might have died from exhaustion right
+on the spot if Nanda had not given him rice milk to drink.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> O good Kala, what shall I do? What shall I do? Here I sit at
+home, a poor, helpless woman, unable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> to assist him or to take care of
+him! O Kala, advise me, what can I do?</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">King Suddhodana</span> (S) and <span class="smcap">Visakha</span> (V) come out of the palace.
+The Princess retires into the palace. <span class="smcap">Gopa</span> hides behind the
+bushes.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> I am glad to see you back. Have you seen my son?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I have sire.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Where did you find him?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> At Uruvela, the place of mortification where saints try to see
+visions and reach a state of bliss.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> And has Siddhattha succeeded?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> It does not seem so; he is starving himself to death.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> Is he dying?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Not exactly, but I do not see how he can live&mdash;on that diet.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Oh, Visakha, how have I been deprived of my son through a whim!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Both return into the palace. <span class="smcap">Visakha</span> comes back.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> It seems that Siddhattha is ruining himself.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> At the rate he is going now, he won't stand it long. He may not
+live another month. It is pitiable. You should have seen him. That
+beautiful young man looks like a consumptive in his last stage. I did
+not dare to tell what I thought. The Princess would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> not have borne
+the sad news.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> Too bad. It looks pretty hopeless.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I do not see how the Prince can survive.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> What is the idea of these fasts?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> These pious recluses believe that the self is imprisoned in the
+body and that the senses are the prison gates. They want to liberate
+the soul, and many of them behold visions, but Siddhattha seems to
+doubt whether the saints of Uruvela proceed on the right track. Indeed
+he denies the very existence of the self.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> I know he does. His views should be branded as purely human
+wisdom. As the senses are finger touch, eye touch, ear touch, nose and
+tongue touch, so the mind is to him mere thought touch. He claimed
+that the mind originates through a co-operation of the senses.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> His disciples begin to break away from him.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> That is right. They ought to have done so long ago. I always said
+that Siddhattha is an unbeliever. He spurns faith and relies too much
+on his own observation and reasoning. He will never find
+enlightenment. He is too negative, too nihilistic, and his quest of
+Buddhahood will end in a lamentable failure.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> It would be a pity, sir. He is certainly in earnest to find the
+truth&mdash;the real truth, not what the priests say nor the Vedas declare,
+but the truth, provable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> truth.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> Yes that is his fault. When the king speaks with you tell him
+all, explain the hopelessness of his situation. The king ought to know
+the facts.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Visakha</span> retires into the palace.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> [<i>Calls in a low voice</i>] Gopa, Gopa!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[<i><span class="smcap">Gopa</span> appears from behind the bush.</i>]</p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> [<i>Aside</i>] I knew she would not be far.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> What do you want?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I want to have a talk with you.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> Well?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Let us set our marriage day.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> I do not care to marry you&mdash;just yet.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I want a kiss, Gopa.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> You shan't have it!</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I will leave Kapilavatthu and go back to the Bodhisatta.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> He will tell you that a youth must not kiss a girl.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> That rule holds only for monks.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> Go and turn monk. Then it applies to you.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> The world would die out if everybody turned monk.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> First, you are not everybody, and secondly, would it not be a
+blessing if the whole world would try to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> be sanctified?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Pshaw! Mankind consists of different castes and professions, of
+soldiers and merchants, of peasants and artisans and teachers. Mankind
+is like a body with various limbs, a head and hands, feet and chest
+and neck. A man who were head only could not live, and if mankind
+consisted of Buddhas only we would starve. We need a Buddha, but there
+must also be householders. Now quick give me a kiss.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>She pouts.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> If you do not kiss me I shall go back to the forest of Uruvela.
+Nanda, the shepherd's daughter, is a very pretty girl. She is as
+pretty as you are. She is,&mdash;well, her cheeks are rosier than yours.
+She is a little taller, and she is so graceful when she milks the
+kine. The shepherd needs a helper. I am sure he would like to have a
+son-in-law.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Rahula</span> enters.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Gopa! Mother wants you.</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> [<i>Kisses K. quickly</i>] Here is a kiss, but you must forget Nanda.
+[<i>Runs away.</i>]</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Stay a moment longer!</p>
+
+<p><i>G.</i> I have no time. [<i>Exit.</i>]</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I knew she would come around,&mdash;and she is much prettier than
+Nanda. Nanda is a buxom country lass, a pleasant girl, but Gopa is as
+proper as a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> princess. [<i>He continues with unction.</i>] Bodhisatta longs
+for the blessed state of Nirvana, and when he has found it, he will be
+calm and without passion. He will walk on earth as a god among men. No
+emotion will disturb the peace of his mind, and the happiness of the
+great Brahma will be as nothing in comparison to the infinite bliss of
+his Buddhahood. [<i>With a lighter tone</i>]: I adore him, but I do not
+envy him. I do not long for the happiness of a god. I am a man with
+human faults and human yearnings. I am satisfied with the happiness
+and the sufferings of a man. Since I am assured of Gopa's love, I care
+not for Nirvana. I think that this world is good enough for me.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>V.</i> [<i>Looks around like a spy.</i>]<br />
+How peaceful lies this palace, yet I see<br />
+The war clouds lour upon its roofs.<br />
+The storm will break with sudden vehemence upon<br />
+These harmless unsuspecting people. Woe to them,<br />
+Their doom is certain. Desperate resistance<br />
+Succumbs before the overwhelming forces<br />
+Of Bimbisara.&mdash;And what will become<br />
+Of poor Yasodhara?&mdash;I like her well.<br />
+I might still save her from her people's ruin.<br />
+A princess, sweet and noble, and herself<br />
+Descended from an ancient royal house. But<br />
+I hate that little youngster Rahula.<br />
+Whate'er betide, my deep-laid schemes will speed<br />
+And I shall profit by my master's doom.<br />
+</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[Music: Chopin's Nocturno. Opus 37, No. 2.]</p></div>
+
+<p class="center">[<span class="smcap">Curtain</span>]</p>
+
+
+<h2>THIRD SCENE.</h2>
+<p>[Darkness covers the scene. Distant thunder and lightning. Gradually
+it grows light again and the scene of <span class="smcap">Yasodhara's</span> bedroom becomes
+visible. All luxury has been removed; she sleeps on a mat on the
+floor, <span class="smcap">Rahula</span> in bed.]</p>
+
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Mother! Mother!</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Sleep my boy, it is almost midnight.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Take me up, Mother.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> picks <span class="smcap">Rahula</span> up.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Why do you sleep on the floor, Mother?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Because father does so. Let me lay you down on your couch, you
+must sleep.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Tell me more of father.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> I will to-morrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Tell me now. Is father a king?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> No, my son. But he is going to found a kingdom.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Will he be king of it?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> I do not know, my boy, but his kingdom will not be like other
+kingdoms. It will be the kingdom of truth&mdash;a spiritual kingdom, a
+kingdom of righteousness.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Is father rich?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> He scorns riches.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Why does he?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> He seeks other riches, the riches of religion, of the mind, of
+spirit.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Did he find them?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> I believe he did.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> He sends you news through Kala Udayin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> No, Rahula, I send Kala Udayin out to watch him and when Kala
+comes back he tells me what he saw and heard. Kala does not speak to
+father.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Why does Kala not speak to father?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Grandfather forbade him. When we sent out Devadatta and Ananda,
+they became attached to the life of a hermit. They joined father and
+did not come back; but Kala will not turn monk.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> But this time he will speak to father.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> How do you know?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> I heard grandfather bid him to.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> What did he bid him?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> He bade Kala that he should tell father to visit us.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>She can scarcely conceal her joy.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> You heard grandfather say so?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> I did, mother; grandfather said that he became old, and before he
+died he wanted to see his son again.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Why! did he really say so?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> He did.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Oh you darling son, then you will see him, too.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> People say that he will be a Buddha.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Yes, my son, some say he will be a Buddha and others doubt it.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Mother, what is a Buddha?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> A Buddha is a man who has found the truth.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> How does a man find the truth?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> By enlightenment. He must find out the cause of evil.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Why must he find out the cause of evil?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> He teaches the people how to avoid evil.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Has father found the cause of evil?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Kala Udayin says he has.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> What is the cause of evil?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Father says that selfishness is the cause of evil and selfishness
+comes from the belief in self.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Self?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Yes, self! Man, as a rule, believes that he is a self.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> What? A self?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Yes, a being by himself, who lives only for himself, and the
+thought of self makes him selfish; and selfishness begets all evils.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> [<i>with a childlike serious conviction</i>] I believe it, mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y</i>. Father says there is no self, that self is an illusion.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> What does that mean?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> It means that we are not separate beings. I think<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> a thought and
+speak it out and you hear it. I believe in that thought and so do you.
+Whose is it then, yours or mine?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> It belongs to both.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> But where does the thought come from? If it is true it belongs to
+the truth, and it was true before I thought it.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Yes, mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> And if it was wrong, it is evil, and it was evil before we
+thought it.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Yes, mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> And so are all our thoughts, but almost everybody assumes that
+his self thinks these thoughts and invents them; and that is an
+illusion.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> I see.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> [<i>to herself</i>] His eyes close. He is tired. [<span class="smcap">to Rahula</span>] Now go to
+sleep again, Rahula, and dream of your father. I will sing you one of
+father's songs.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> lays <span class="smcap">Rahula</span> down in the high bed and sings:</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">By ourselves is evil done,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By ourselves we pain endure.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By ourselves we cease from wrong,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By ourselves become we pure.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No one saves us but ourselves,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No one can and no one may.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span><span class="i0">We ourselves must walk the path,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Buddhas merely teach the way.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The boy sleeps. Then <span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> herself lies down on the mat
+on the floor. Above her appears the vision of her dream.
+Under the Bodhi tree in a forest landscape <span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> sits.
+He is surrounded by a halo of light. <span class="smcap">Mara</span> approaches to tempt
+him.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>M.</i> Thou art ahungered, worthy Sakyamuni,<br />
+Ahungered art thou from continued fasts,<br />
+And thou wilt starve unless thou take and eat.<br />
+I bring delicious food, take, eat and live.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> I shall not eat until my quest be done.<br />
+Much better 'tis to die in glorious battle<br />
+Than flee and lead a coward's life, defeated.<br />
+I shall not eat, O Mara, take thee hence.<br />
+<br />
+<i>M.</i> Wilt thou not listen to my good advice?<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> The tempter always calls his councils good,<br />
+But pleasures which he promises are evil.<br />
+<br />
+<i>M.</i> I will not suffer thee to stay, Siddhattha,<br />
+And shall disturb thy daring quest of truth.<br />
+I'll split the Bodhi tree by lightning<br />
+And frighten thee away with rumbling thunder.<br />
+</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>All is wrapped in darkness, except <span class="smcap">Siddhattha</span> and the Bohdi
+tree. Thunder and lightning. After a while the noise abates.
+It grows light again. <span class="smcap">Mara's</span> daughters appear.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>M.</i> Go forth my daughters, tempt the holy man,<br />
+And lure him from the seat of Buddahood.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Three graceful women, <span class="smcap">Mara's</span> daughters, sing in a low
+enticing voice.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>[Melody: The Mermaids' Song from Weber's Oberon.]</p>
+
+<p>
+Sweetest on earth 'tis in pleasure to live,<br />
+Love thou must ask for, and love thou must give.<br />
+Pain we can soothe and assuage every smart,<br />
+Yea, we will grant thee the wish of thy heart.<br />
+Power bestow we, enjoyment and mirth,<br />
+Health and wealth also, and all that has worth.<br />
+Lo, of life's happiness naught shalt thou miss,<br />
+Satisfied longings are greatest of bliss.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>While they sing they circle around the Bodhi tree and pose
+in graceful attitudes.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>[Siddhattha does not mind Mara's daughters. They withdraw, and
+grotesque monsters appear in threatening attitudes, exhibiting a
+savage war dance, always approaching the tree and turning their
+weapons against the Sakyamuni, but as soon as they approach the halo
+they droop, unable to hurt him. Lotus flowers rain down. Sakyamuni
+raises his right hand. A flash of lightning and a sudden clap of
+thunder. The spook vanishes in darkness while the Buddha under the
+Bodhi tree alone remains visible in a halo of light. The forest
+landscape reappears in full light as before.]</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> The wheel of life turns round through birth and death,<br />
+Its twelve-linked chain of causes takes its start<br />
+In ignorance and ends in suffering.<br />
+The truth is found, the fourfold noble truth;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>All life is sorrow, sorrow's cause is lust,<br />
+But from our sorrow we can escape<br />
+If we abandon lust and thought of self.<br />
+The eightfold noble path of righteousness<br />
+Delivers from all evil: it will bring<br />
+Sweet peace of mind and leadeth to Nirvana.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[With music accompaniment]</p></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Through many births I sought in vain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The builder of this house of pain.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now, builder, thee I plainly see!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This is the last abode for me.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy gable's yoke, thy rafters broke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My heart has peace; all lust will cease.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>[The following words fit exactly the music of Haydn's Chorus with Soli
+No. 13<a name="FNanchor_B" id="FNanchor_B"></a><a href="#Footnote_B" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> in The Creation, and the spirit of the composition is very
+appropriate for this scene]</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B" id="Footnote_B"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Peters' Edition, pp 44-55 "Die Himmel erzahlen, etc." In
+a few places where the fugas set in, the words "The wicked Mara's
+host" should read "The wicked one's,&mdash;the wicked Mara's host," etc.</p></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Chorus of Angels.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Behold the great muni,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His heart unmoved by hatred,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wicked Mara's host<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Gainst him did not prevail.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Trio of <span class="smcap">Brahma Vishnu Shiva</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Victorious Buddha<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou art wise and pure,<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span><span class="i0">The darkness is gone<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And enlightenment gained.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Chorus of Angels as above.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Proclaim the truth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To all the world.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Truth will bring salvation.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glory to the truth!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Chorus of Angels as above.</i></p></div>
+
+
+<p>[Lotus flowers rain down thicker and thicker, clouds cover the scene,
+but the Buddha under the Bodhi tree remains still dimly but
+sufficiently visible.]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> wakes up. She rises and lights a candle from a
+rush lamp. She kneels with clasped hands before the vision of
+the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Oh Siddhattha, my Lord and Husband, no longer my Husband, but the
+Buddha. In thee I take my refuge. In thee and thy word, I believe. Thy
+doctrine shall guide me. Accept me as thy faithful disciple, a
+disciple of the Buddha, my Lord, the Tathagata, the great thinker, the
+Saviour of mankind.</p>
+
+<p class="center">[<span class="smcap">Curtain.</span>]</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><i>SECOND INTERLUDE</i>.</h2>
+<p><i>Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music to introduce the
+Third Act.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">The Foundation of the Kingdom of Righteousness</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Buddha preaches to his five disciples the way of salvation, which
+speech, preserved in a special book, is frequently compared to
+Christ's Sermon on the Mount.</p>
+
+<p>Buddha stands with raised hand, while five monks stand or sit or squat
+around him in devout attitude.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">Entering the Capital</span>.</p>
+
+<p>When Buddha came to Rajagaha, the people met him on the way and
+accompanied him into the city in triumphal procession which is
+analogous to Christ's entry into Jerusalem.</p>
+
+<p>The Buddha with bowl in one hand and staff in the other is followed by
+yellow-robed monks. The people strew flowers, carry palm branches and
+wave kerchiefs.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">The Courtesan</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Ambapali, the Buddhist Mary Magdalen, came to Buddha, worshiping him
+and invited him to take his meal at her home. To the astonishment of
+several moralists, he accepted and honored the penitent sinner.</p>
+
+<p>A beautifully dressed woman with clasped hands kneels before Buddha, a
+maid in attendance behind her. Some well dressed people of high caste
+watch the scene with an expression of indignation.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="smcap">The Philanthropist</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The wealthiest man of Savatthi invites the Buddha to his home and
+offers to build a resthouse for the Buddha and his brotherhood.</p>
+
+<p>Anatha Pindika kneels before the Buddha, holding in one hand the
+picture and plan of a building. Buddha indicates by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> his lowered hand
+acceptance of the gift. Buddha attended by two monks, Anatha Pindika
+accompanied by the architect.</p>
+
+<p>5. <span class="smcap">Prince Jeta</span>.</p>
+
+<p>It is told that the most beautiful spot in Savatthi was the royal park
+of Prince Jeta, which Anatha Pindika wanted to buy for the brotherhood
+of Buddha. The owner was unwilling to sell and made the exorbitant
+demand to have the whole ground covered with gold as its price. But
+Anatha Pindika had the gold carried to the garden and paid the price.</p>
+
+<p>The scene is laid in the garden. Anatha Pindika with bags of gold
+stands in commanding attitude. His servants spread the coins while
+Prince Jeta throws up his hands in astonishment.</p>
+
+<p>(Anatha Pindika is not the real name of the founder of the Jetavana.
+The name means, "[He who gives to] the indigent, alms.")</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ACT_III" id="ACT_III"></a>ACT III.</h2>
+
+
+<h2>FIRST SCENE</h2>
+<p>[A Brahman temple with a statue of Durga; before the idol an altar. In
+the background a landscape with farms and a sheep-fold.]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Enter from the right <span class="smcap">General Siha</span> (GS.) with a <span class="smcap">Captain</span> (C)
+and some soldiers.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Pitch the tents on the slope of yonder hill where that farmhouse
+stands.</p>
+
+<p><i>C.</i> It shall be done, my general.</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> What crowd is gathered there with flags and flowers?</p>
+
+<p><i>C.</i> It is the farmer's family led by the village priest, and
+neighbors flock around to swell their number.</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> The priest handles a big knife that flashes in the sun. I see
+his hands are stained with gore. They seem to celebrate a feast in
+honor of a god.</p>
+
+<p><i>C.</i> The villagers inform me that the occasion of it is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> sad. One of
+the farmer's children died of late, and others being sick the father
+invokes the goddess Kali to preserve the rest of his family. They are
+arrayed for a procession and having offered a young sheep at the altar
+of the homestead they have started out. See how the crowd are wending
+their way hither to the temple.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">General Siha</span> looks around and contemplates the scenery, then
+turns to the <span class="smcap">Captain</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Now pitch the tents before the sun goes down.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>In the meantime, the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> enters with two disciples. They
+sit down under a tree. The <b>Captain</b> bows to them reverently
+and leaves the stage.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Greetings to you, holy monks.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Peace be with thee, and may thy sword ne'er reek with blood.</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> I draw the sword for my king, for my country and for the
+restoration of order where enemies or rebels have disturbed it.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Thou lookst courageous and thy very words<br />
+Possess a ring of simple honesty.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> I serve a mighty king who means to do the right. He prefers to
+establish his rule by treaty and spares an enemy who sues for peace.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Thou speakst of Bimbisara, King of Magadha?</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Indeed I speak of the great Bimbisara, and he is born to sway
+the world. My sympathy and my allegiance go with him. I am Siha, his
+general.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Thy name is known throughout the Indian lands.</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> When I chose my profession I prayed to the gods that they would
+never let it be my lot to fight for any unjust cause.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Let this thy prayer be a sacred vow<br />
+Which thou wilt keep inviolate. Our fate,<br />
+Or say the gods, create conditions; but thou<br />
+Thyself must act. Thou art responsible,<br />
+Thou shapest thine own life, and not the gods.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Thy words please me! What is thy doctrine, venerable monk?</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> I teach the middle way between extremes.<br />
+Neither mortifications of the body<br />
+Nor self-indulgence should be practised.<br />
+We must make up our minds and walk<br />
+On the eightfold noble path of righteousness.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Who art thou, wondrous monk? Thy doctrine is so plain, and so
+convincing that I grant thou speakest truth. The people ought to know
+thee and accept thy creed. Who art thou?</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Born of the Sakya race, they call me Sakyamuni.</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Blessed be this day on which I meet the greatest man of our age.
+I heard of thee from the Nirgran<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>thas, thine own enemies, the rival
+sect of thy new order, and they say that thou deniest the soul, thou
+teachest extinction, thou leadest man to non-existence, and that
+Nirvana is with thee an empty naught&mdash;annihilation.&mdash;Is that true?</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> I teach extinction, noble general,<br />
+Of hatred, greed, and lust, but I insist<br />
+On doing what is right and just and good;<br />
+On doing resolutely what we do,<br />
+On searching for the truth, on setting up<br />
+Its lamp and following its holy light.<br />
+Nirvana is attained when passions are<br />
+Extinct and when the heart is blessed with peace.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Thou art more than a mortal, holy man. Auspicious
+is this day on which I've met thee. The people call
+thee Buddha, perhaps rightly so! A feeling of deep
+reverence comes over me and the truth dawns on
+me. Truly thou art the teacher of the world. If
+thy doctrine impressed the people a new era would
+begin, an era in which mankind would be wiser and
+nobler, happier and better.</p>
+
+<p>[Barbaric music is heard behind the stage, the drum being prominent.]</p>
+
+<p><i>Voices behind the stage:</i> Maha Kali! Kali Ma!</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Behold how wretched are these people in their ignorance.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> They must be taught and they will learn the truth.</p>
+
+<p>[The procession enters. A small band of musicians comes with primitive
+instruments, among them drums. They are fol<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>lowed first by dancers,
+then by a priest (<i>Pr.</i>) flourishing in his bloody hand a large knife.
+By his side walks a shepherd carrying a lamb. Behind them the farmer's
+(<i>F.</i>) family and other people]</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> What horrible sounds! And the crowd behave like madmen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pr.</i> Maha Kali!</p>
+
+<p><i>Crowd.</i> Kali Ma!</p>
+
+<p><i>Pr.</i> Goddess of the black countenance! Great Black Mother!</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Crowd.</i> Maha Kali! Kali Ma!<br />
+Maha Kali! Kali Ma!<br />
+Maha Kali! Kali Ma!<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[The priest steps to the altar; the crowd kneels in a large circle. At
+the priest's signal the farmer approaches the altar and kneels. His
+behavior betrays superstitious timidity and great awkwardness. The
+shepherd exhibits the lamb first to the priest and then to the dancers
+who in fantastic dancing step advance and retreat while the music
+plays. Finally the lamb is placed on the altar.]</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Pr.</i> Have Mercy on us! Slay the demon of disease.<br />
+Keep away Yama the horrible one, the god of Death.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Crowd.</i> Kali Ma, have mercy on us!</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Pr.</i> Thou art Parvati, the wife of Siva. Thou hast conquered the giant Durga, the evil one, and now thyself art called the goddess Durga.<br />
+Thou art Mahishamardini, the slayer of Mahisha.<br />
+Thou art Kalaratri, Nightly Darkness, abyss of all mysteries.<br />
+Thou art Jagaddhatri, mother of the world.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>Thou art Jagadgauri, renowned throughout the  world.<br />
+Thou art Katyayina, refulgent with a thousand suns.<br />
+Thou art Singhavahini, seated on a lion thou wonest victory over Raktavija, leader of the giants' army.<br />
+Great Mother of Life, accept our offering, the blood of this lamb.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Crowd.</i> Maha Kali, accept our offering!<br />
+Kali Ma, accept our offering!<br />
+Kali Durga, great Goddess, accept our offering!<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The priest turns toward the lamb and raises his knife.
+<span class="smcap">Buddha</span> steps to the altar and places his hand gently upon the
+priest's arm.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hold!<br />
+<br />
+<i>Pr.</i><span class="f3">Meddler!</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i><span class="f2">Pause before thou sheddest blood.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>Pr.</i> How dar'st thou rudely interfere, strange monk,<br />
+With our most sacred sacrifice? This lamb<br />
+Is offered to the goddess. Thou disturbest<br />
+Our holy ritual.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He lifts his knife against <span class="smcap">Buddha</span>, but <span class="smcap">Siha</span> draws his sword
+and knocks the knife out of the priest's hand.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>GS.</i><span class="f3">Keep peace, bold priest!</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>Pr.</i> The vengeance of the gods will be upon you.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span><br />
+<i>B.</i> If there be gods they must be potent, noble,<br />
+And great and holy; and if the gods are holy,<br />
+They do not need the offering of a victim,<br />
+They do not want the life of this poor trembling lamb.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Pr.</i> The gods are kind; they take the lamb in place of this poor
+stricken man. We must do penance for his sins, for the sins of his
+wife, for the sins of his children.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farmer.</i> I crave forgiveness for the sins for which my dear good
+child has had to die.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pr.</i> His sins are great and nothing can wash them away but blood.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Herein thou errest, priest. Blood does not cleanse.<br />
+It washes not away the stain of sin;<br />
+The slaughter of a victim heaps but guilt<br />
+On guilt, and does not right a wrong. Rise,<br />
+Rise, my good friend. Take comfort!<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The farmer rises.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="f2">Be a man.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The others rise gradually.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>F.</i> What shall I do, good master?</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Right all the wrongs thou didst and sin no more.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pr.</i> This lamb was given to the goddess. It is mine.</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> Are you the steward of the goddess' property?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Siha</span> steps close to the priest who retires step by step and
+finally hurries off the stage.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Come, shepherd, take the frightened lambkin up<br />
+And bear it to its mother in the fold.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[The shepherd takes up the lamb and stands ready to carry it away. The
+musicians slink away. The lambbearers and the people walk off in
+procession, followed by the Buddha with his disciples. General Siha
+remains alone on the stage. A trumpet call at a short distance and
+another one close by.]</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i> What does that signal mean?</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>An officer accompanied by a trumpeter enters. A third
+trumpet call on the stage. The officer delivers a letter.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Officer.</i> A dispatch from his majesty Bimbisara to his faithful and
+most noble general, Siha.</p>
+
+<p><i>GS.</i>   <i>Breaks the seal and reads to himself.</i></p>
+
+<p>"The Sakyas are a stubborn little nation. Their institutions are free;
+their laws differ from those of the other surrounding states. These
+people are a source of discontent and revolution, and are a sore in my
+eye. Therefore, the Sakyas must be crushed, even if they sue for
+peace. Keep the army near the border and be ready for a sudden
+attack."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>With an expression of grief.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>War is unavoidable and I am to be the means by which the Sakyas will
+be wiped off the earth. It is my duty, for the King commands it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> A
+soldier should not argue, he obeys.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Draws his sword and looks at it.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+This sword is consecrated to the service of my king.<br />
+Never have I drawn it except in honest fight.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Lost in contemplation.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+Is Sakyamuni the Buddha?&mdash;Is he truly the Buddha?<br />
+Buddhas are wise; Buddhas are omniscient; Buddhas foresee the future.&mdash;<br />
+Is Sakyamuni truly the Buddha?&mdash;I believe he is.<br />
+And if he is the Buddha, is it right to wage a war against his people?&mdash;What shall I do?<br />
+Oh, ye gods, teach me my duty!<br />
+Oh, ye gods, may it not be my lot to fight for an unrighteous cause!<br />
+Cursed be the sword that sheds innocent blood.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<h2>SECOND SCENE.</h2>
+<p class="center">[Bimbisara's court at Rajagaha]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Present: <span class="smcap">King Bimbisara</span> (Bb.), <span class="smcap">Visakha</span> (V), and <span class="smcap">Nagadeva</span>
+(N).</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> The Sakyas will make a hard fight, great King, and the war will
+cost blood. These northern settlers are taller and stronger than other
+races and possess the courage of the inhabitants of their former
+frigid homes. It would be easier to take possession of their state if
+I married Princess Yasodhara and gradually<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> assumed the government
+under your protection. Your mighty friendship would support me on the
+throne and you could rule through me.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> That sounds acceptable, but in the meantime, I prepare for war.</p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> Even in war I shall be of service to you. I can lead your army
+where it will not meet with resistance, and I know the names of those
+who are dissatisfied. Many could be induced to join your forces; and I
+can betray the very person of the raja into your hands.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i>   <i>Nodding kindly to <span class="smcap">Visakha</span>, then turning to
+<span class="smcap">Nagadeva</span>.</i></p>
+
+<p>Is our kingdom in readiness?</p>
+
+<p><i>N.</i> Great King, it is. General Siha stands in the field with a strong
+force ready to strike. There are another fifty thousand within call to
+make a sudden dash upon any of our neighbors should they dare come to
+the aid of Sakya. Our treasury is well filled, and the people of
+Magadha are prosperous. We could stand even a protracted war far
+better than any other state in India.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> The time seems favorable; the risk is small, and the spoil will
+be great. Convene my generals in the assembly hall.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>They bow low and pass out. <span class="smcap">Ambapali</span> (Ap.) enters.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> Are they gone, my Lord, and what did you decide?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> I propose to go to war.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> You are rightly called "the Warlike."</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> I want to round off my kingdom and expand my power northward
+until it reaches the Himalayas.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> The gods will speed you and the blessings of the saints shall be
+upon your people.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Servant enters.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>St.</i> There is a holy man who wants to see your Highness. His name is
+Devadatta.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> Show him in.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Servant exit.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> Is he not one of the disciples of the Buddha?</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> I believe he is.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Ambapali</span> retires.</i></p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">Devadatta</span> enters.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> Hail, great King! Protector of religion and victor of many
+battles!</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> What brings you to my presence? I always rejoice to see holy
+men. Their coming is auspicious, and I am happy to be of service to
+them.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> Great King, I implore your assistance for the brotherhood which
+I have founded. We need your royal support and the holiness of our
+lives will surround you as a halo with heavenly protection.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> Are you not a disciple of Gotama, who is called the Buddha?</p>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> No longer, mighty King, I was his disciple so long as I believed
+in him; but he is not holy. I have abandoned him. He is not austere;
+his disciples do not practise self-mortifications, and he speaks
+kindly and dines with sinners. My disciples do not dress in worldly
+garments; they would not accept the invitation of women; they would
+not touch animal food. He who calls himself the Buddha is unworthy of
+that high title; he is a pretender who has not reached the highest
+goal. My rules are much more strict than his, and my brotherhood alone
+is holy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> Holiness is a mighty thing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> Yea, and our vows will shield your government, your throne, your
+army and your people against any misfortune.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> I shall send my treasurer to investigate and will do what is
+right.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dd.</i> Maharaja, be assured of my deepest gratitude.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Bows low, exit.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> [<i>re-enters, excited</i>] My royal friend, do not trust that man
+[<i>pointing toward the door where <span class="smcap">Devadatta</span> went out</i>]. He is false. He
+may be holy, but he is treacherous. He may be virtuous; he may shun
+joy and the blessings of life, he may practise all penances, he may
+torture and mortify his body. But there is no true goodwill in him.
+His holiness is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> egotistic, and his religion is hypocrisy. Support his
+brotherhood with money or gifts as you see fit, but do not believe
+what he says about the Buddha.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> [<i>With an inquiring look</i>] Why?</p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> I know what he meant when he scoffed at him. When the Buddha
+stayed at Vesali, I invited that noblest of all monks to take his meal
+with me. I am not holy; I am a worldly woman; I am not a saint; but I
+have a warm heart, I feel for others and I want to do what is right.
+When I heard that the Buddha stayed in the mango grove, I thought to
+myself, I will go and see him. If he is truly all-wise, he will judge
+my heart and he will judge me in mercy. He will know my needs and will
+not refuse me. I went to the mango grove and he looked upon me with
+compassion; he accepted my invitation in the presence of witnesses,
+openly, fearlessly, and in kindness. There were the proud Licchavi
+princes, and close to him stood the envious Devadatta. How they
+scowled; how they condemned the great and kindly saint! How they
+whispered, "Shame on him!" and I saw how they despised me&mdash;yet they
+did not dare to speak out or to censure him publicly. Then, my
+gracious King, I knew that he was truly the Lord Buddha, the Allwise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> My dear friend, I accept every word you say as true. I know the
+goodness of your heart, I know your worth, your loving kindness, and
+if you were of royal birth you would be worthy to wear a crown. The
+Buddha did not demean himself when he honored<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> you.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> Allow me one question. Did the Buddha ever beg you to support
+his brotherhood?</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> No, he did not; but I will give him all the assistance he may
+need.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> Did he ever offer you the support of his vows, or did he ever
+praise the efficacy of his holiness?</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> He never did.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> Neither does he stand in need of self-recommendation, for his
+very presence is a blessing, because he spreads goodwill and
+kindliness, and the people who hear him are ashamed of doing anything
+unrighteous. Devadatta extends to you the promise, if you but support
+his disciples, of an unconditional protection through his holiness.
+The Buddha's protection is not so cheaply earned. I heard him say that
+every one must protect himself by his own righteousness, and no
+prayer, no sacrifice, no religious devotion, nor even penance or fasts
+could protect a man from the wrongs which he does.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> The Buddha's presence would be more auspicious than ten
+Devadattas.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> Oh, most assuredly! And what a contempt I have for the virtuous
+indignation of men who, overmoral themselves, judge haughtily of
+others; yet, if you look into their souls you discover that they are
+heartless and self-seeking villains.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> Your judgment is well grounded.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Ap.</i> The Buddha alone possesses greatness, and the Buddha does not
+seek honor, but the people adore him.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> Rajagaha must become the center of India. I will send for the
+Buddha and invite him to visit me. His sojourn here will make the
+kingdom of Magadha more famous than conquests and victories.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The servant enters.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>St.</i> Mighty King, the prime minister Nagadeva.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bb.</i> He is welcome. Fare thee well, sweet heart; affairs of state
+call me.</p>
+
+<p><i>N.</i> Mighty King, the generals are assembled. They hail thee as their
+war lord, and are anxious for laurels, for glory, for booty!</p>
+
+<p class="center">[<span class="smcap">Trumpets, Curtain.</span>]</p>
+
+
+<h2><i>THIRD INTERLUDE.</i></h2>
+<p class="center"><i>Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">Sending Out the Disciples.</span></p>
+
+<p>The Buddha called his disciples together, and having ordained them,
+bade them spread the Gospel, with these words translated from the
+Buddhist Canon:</p>
+
+<p>"Go ye now, O disciples, and wander forth for the benefit of the many,
+for the welfare of mankind, out of compassion for the world. Preach
+the doctrine which is glorious in the beginning, glorious in the
+middle, and glorious in the end, in the spirit as well as in the
+letter. There are beings whose eyes are scarcely covered with dust,
+but if the doctrine is not preached to them they cannot attain
+salvation. Proclaim to them a life of holiness. They will understand
+the doctrine and accept it."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Pali expression <i>kalyamo dhamma</i> is here translated "glorious
+doctrine." The dictionary defines the first word as "excellent,
+beautiful, glorious." This closely corresponds to the Christian term,
+which, as derived from the Greek, reads "evangel" and in its Saxon
+equivalent "gospel" or "good tidings."</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">The Rich Youth</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Yasa, the son of a wealthy nobleman of Benares, came by night to the
+Blessed One and exclaimed: "What misery!" But the Buddha answered,
+"There is no misery for him who has entered the Path."</p>
+
+<p>Yasa, richly dressed, with an expression of distress, before the
+Buddha who comforts him. The scene is framed in darkness, the two
+figures being lit up by a torch.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">A Child's Offering.</span></p>
+
+<p>Old frescoes in the Ajanta Caves show a mother sending a gift through
+her child. It looks as if they were Buddhist illustrations of Christ's
+injunction, "Suffer little children to come unto me."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ACT_IV" id="ACT_IV"></a>ACT IV.</h2>
+
+
+<h2>FIRST SCENE</h2>
+<p>[A room in the Jetavana. The wheel of the law pictured on one side and
+the wheel of becoming on the other. Otherwise swastikas and lotus
+flowers serve as ornaments. A large opening exhibits a view into a
+garden with running water. On the right side there is a platform with
+low seats, on the other there is a low table with a divan, on which
+Anatha Pindika is seated, looking over palmleaf manuscripts.]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Present: <span class="smcap">Anatha Pindika</span> (A); Servant (St.); <span class="smcap">Prince Jeta</span> (J);
+later on <span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> (K) and the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> (B).</i></p>
+
+<p><i>A servant enters.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>St.</i> His Highness the Prince Jeta.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Show him in.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Jeta</span> enters. A. rises to meet him with bows.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>You are most welcome, my Prince.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> I have come from my brother, the King, to express to you his
+thanks for having bought my pleasure grounds for the noble and great
+purpose of affording a worthy resthouse to the Buddha and his
+brotherhood.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Kindly tender my gratitude to your royal brother for his gracious
+message.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> I hear that King Bimbisara has sent an embassy to the Buddha to
+induce him to come back to Rajagaha. Has the Buddha received these
+men?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Not yet. He will see them this morning.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> We ought to keep him here. He is a wonderful man, and I consider
+our city fortunate to have him reside with us. What astonishes me is
+his way of conquering the hearts of all men, even of his opponents,
+and he is so sensible.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> What do you mean?</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> I am not a religious man; I am too worldly, but him I would
+follow.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Why?</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> He is perhaps the only religious reformer who does not go to
+extremes. He rejects on the one hand austerities, self-mortifications,
+penances, and severe fasts as useless, and on the other hand, he would
+not allow his followers to indulge in pleasures; but he insists most
+sensibly on keeping between the two extremes and proclaims the middle
+path of leading a righteous life. There is nothing absurd about him.
+Think of Devadatta. He insists that the monks should dress in rags
+picked up in cemeteries. The Buddha appeals to common sense, and
+therefore I say, he is a wonderful man.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> He is more than a man; he is enlightenment incarnate.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A stream of blessings goes out from him.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> He has grown into an international power, and kings do well not
+to ignore his influence.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> I think so myself, and I am so glad that his influence is always
+for good, never for evil, and his ways are so marvelously gentle.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> Indeed that is a blessing. If he were not so absolutely
+indifferent to his own affairs he might become positively dangerous.
+His lay disciples count in thousands of thousands. The farmers in the
+country, the merchants in the towns, the lawyers, the artisans, and
+even the soldiers believe in him. Lately General Siha became a lay
+member of the Buddha's brotherhood, and many other prominent officers
+followed his example.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> He would never have gained this influence if he were not truly
+the Buddha.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> I want to tell you that a war is threatening, but please do not
+speak of it, it is a deep secret. A spy in the secret service of my
+royal brother has found out that King Bimbisara intends to fall upon
+the Sakyas and deprive them of their independence. The Brahman
+Visakha, minister of state, has turned traitor and promises to deliver
+his country into the hands of King Bimbisara on the condition that he
+be made Raja in Suddhodana's place.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> The country of the Sakyas is but small, and their independence
+will not last long; it is a mere question<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> of time.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> But consider that the Buddha hails from Kapilavatthu. He is the
+son of Suddhodana, the Sakya raja.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Indeed he is and may I be permitted to inform him of the danger
+that threatens his father's house?</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> I give you full liberty, for he will use discretion and not
+betray his informant. I deem Bimbisara's plan dangerous to himself. A
+war with the Sakyas may cost Bimbisara his throne, for the people of
+Rajagaha believe in the Buddha, and I learn that even now the war
+rumors have made them restless.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Servant (St.) enters.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>St.</i> Here is a man with the name Kala Udayin, who has a message for
+the Blessed One.</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> Show him in.</p>
+
+<p><i>J.</i> I leave you now and hope that you will keep the Buddha as long as
+possible in Savatthi.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Exit.</i></p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> enters and bows to <span class="smcap">Anatha Pindika</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>A.</i> You want to see the Blessed One? I will call him.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Anatha Pindika</span> exit.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> [<i>Alone</i>] This is the place where Prince Siddhattha lives! Indeed
+a most delightful spot and more pleasant than many a royal palace. And
+how the people speak<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> of him! They call him the Blessed One, the
+Buddha, the Tathagata, the Sakyamuni, the great Sage. The wealthiest
+man of Kosala has bought these extensive and most beautiful grounds
+and presented them to the brotherhood of his disciples, so that the
+Buddha would stay here from time to time, and that the people of the
+city would have him for their guest.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Buddha</span> accompanied by <span class="smcap">Anatha Pindika</span> comes in. He is
+followed by two disciples. The <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> sits down on the seat
+on the platform, having on either hand one of his disciples.
+<span class="smcap">Anatha Pindika</span> stands below with clasped hands.</i></p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> sinks to his knees with clasped hands.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> My friend, what brings you here?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> A message from your royal father: He bade me tell you that he is
+growing old, and before he dies, he wants to see his son once more.
+Would you deign to accept his invitation?</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Tell me, my friend, how is my father? Is old age truly telling on
+him?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Not yet so visibly, but he worries much.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> And how is Rahula? He is now seven years old and must be quite a
+boy.</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> He is, my Lord; and how he talks of his father. He knows
+everything you are doing.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> Who tells him?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> His mother does.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> And tell me how the princess fares?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> She imposes upon herself the observances which the mendicant
+friars keep. She will have no preference over him who once was her
+husband. She sleeps on the floor, she does no longer use unguents or
+perfumes. She wears a simple yellow robe and observes the regulation
+of the brotherhood in taking food.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> nods and with a distant look sits a few moments
+in silence.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> And she is a good mother?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> There could be no better.</p>
+
+<p><i>St.</i> [<i>announces</i>] An embassy of the most potent King of Magadha, the
+great Bimbisara.</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> [<i>Addressing himself to the servant</i>] Let them come in, [<i>turning
+to K.</i>] Kala Udayin, bring my father greetings, and say that I shall
+come.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Kala Udayin</span> exit.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>A number of men, the embassy of King <span class="smcap">Bimbisara</span>, led by
+<span class="smcap">Nagadeva</span>, most gorgeously dressed, file in. They let
+themselves down on one knee, clasp their hands and rise
+again.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>N.</i> Most gracious Lord, all-wise and blessed Buddha,<br />
+Our noble sov'reign bids me tender you<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>His most respectful greetings, and he hopes<br />
+That you return and visit Rajagaha,<br />
+For he is very anxious to be honored<br />
+By your auspicious presence in his kingdom.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> My Lords, express to your most mighty King<br />
+That the Tathagata can not accept<br />
+This friendly invitation, for he will<br />
+Start for his home, the country of the Sakyas,<br />
+To see his aged father and his kin.<br />
+If war or other ills befall his people,<br />
+He wants to live, if need be, die with them.<br />
+<br />
+<i>N.</i> Lord Buddha, speak a word of truth to us,<br />
+For I'm aware thou art omniscient.<br />
+Our royal master wants to hear from thee.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> All bodily existence passeth by<br />
+For it is compound and will be dissolved;<br />
+But there is Law; it is the Uncreate,<br />
+It is th' Etern, which is without beginning<br />
+And without end. That must our refuge be.<br />
+He who relies on the Impermanent,<br />
+And, being strong, attempts to crush the weak,<br />
+Will soon break down. This is the law of deeds,<br />
+For as we sow, such will our harvest be.<br />
+Rely on Truth, the Uncreate, th' Etern,<br />
+Be guided by the rule of Righteousness.<br />
+This is my message to the King, your Lord,<br />
+And may he be advised to rule his country<br />
+With love of peace, with goodness, and with wisdom.<br />
+My blessing be on him and on his people.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>They kneel, clasp their hands, circumambulate the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> and
+file out.</i></p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">Jeta</span> returns in excitement.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>J.</i> The war is on! King Bimbisara's army<br />
+Is building bridges to attack the Sakyas.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="center">[<span class="smcap">Curtain</span>. Trumpet signals, military music.]</p>
+
+
+<h2><i>FOURTH INTERLUDE.</i></h2>
+<p class="center"><i>Living Pictures Accompanied by Appropriate Music.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. <span class="smcap">King Bimbisara on the Royal Elephant.</span></p>
+
+<p>The king is seated under a canopy, together with his minister and
+field marshal. On the head of the elephant, the driver; and retinue on
+either side.</p>
+
+<p>2. <span class="smcap">The Wanderer</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The Buddha was in the habit of wandering through the country from
+place to place.</p>
+
+<p>The picture shows him with a staff in his right hand and a bowl in his
+left in an Indian landscape.</p>
+
+<p>3. <span class="smcap">King Bimbisara in Camp</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Standing before the royal tent he addresses his generals.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ACT_V" id="ACT_V"></a>ACT V.</h2>
+
+
+<h2>FIRST SCENE.</h2>
+<p>[Reception hall of the Raja Suddhodana; Indian pompous style; columns
+and beyond an outlook into a tropical palm-garden. Seats scattered
+through the room. On the left a compartment, open toward the audience,
+is separated from the main room by hanging carpets.]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Near the right side <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span> is seated with <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span> and
+<span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span>. <span class="smcap">Rahula</span> in the background (viz., in the garden) in
+the care of a nurse.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> The time is troublesome, and it appears that war is imminent.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>P.</i><span class="f3">Oh do not fret;</span><br />
+Visakha is a cunning diplomat:<br />
+I hope he'll be successful, and he will<br />
+Persuade King Bimbisara to keep peace.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> I do hope too, but hope against conviction.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Visakha</span> and <span class="smcap">Devala</span> enter.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+There come the Brahman and the gallant Captain.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> [Kneeling on one foot to the King] Hail Maharaja!<br />
+<br />
+<i>D.</i> Hail, my gracious King.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Welcome my worthy messengers!<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>They kneel to <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>P.</i> Be welcome.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Tell me at once, how did your mission speed?<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> There is a subtle influence against you<br />
+At Bimbisara's court; there is a party<br />
+Bound to have war, and they will have it too,<br />
+Unless we meet them by diplomacy.<br />
+Leave it to me, and I'll preserve the peace.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> Had not my son turned mendicant, how useful<br />
+Could he at present be! I need a general,<br />
+A trusty man of youthful strength and courage<br />
+To take the helm and lead the ship of state<br />
+Through storm and danger, for our foes are strong.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> Great Raja, I am privy to your grief,<br />
+I know the hope you'd set upon Siddhattha.<br />
+What brilliant gifts the boy inherited,<br />
+From you, his royal father, and how he,<br />
+Forgetful of his filial duty, left you,<br />
+And his fair wife and child, to turn a beggar.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> All this is true, remind me not of it,<br />
+'Tis a disgrace to our most royal house,<br />
+And all the Rajas in the Indian land,<br />
+Will point to us and mock the Sakya tribe.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Rahula</span> comes in with childlike joy and brings his mother a
+rose.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Here, mother, is a rose. I picked it from the bush where the
+nightingale sings. I thought, if father had been here, he would have
+brought the rose to you. He loves the flowers and so do you.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> My darling!</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> [<i>with a touch of anger</i>] Yasodhara, I wish you would not speak
+to him too much of his father.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Why should mother not mention father? I love him and I should
+know all about him. I want to join the Buddha's brotherhood.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Do you love him more than your grandfather?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> I love my grandfather too, I love mother, and you, dear
+grandmother [<i>turning to <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span></i>]. You are always so kind to me. I
+love you all. But father I love in a different manner. I love him as
+Buddha. I clasp my hands to him as to a god; and so do you mother, do
+you not?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> [<i>Puts her hand on Rahula's mouth</i>] Hush! I thank you for the
+rose, my child; now run away and bring another rose to grandfather,
+and one for your grandmother Pajapati.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Yes mother, and one I keep for father when he comes.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Runs off.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>V.</i> Your grandson needs a father, Maha Raja!<br />
+And let me tender you my humble service.<br />
+I see Yasodhara, the noble princess,<br />
+Pine patiently away and spend in mourning<br />
+Her life's best years of youth and happiness.<br />
+She has been cruelly deserted, has<br />
+Been widowed by Siddhattha for a whim.<br />
+Give her to me in marriage, and I'll prove<br />
+A better father than that runaway,<br />
+A better father to your little grandson,<br />
+A better husband to his widowed wife.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> You are at liberty to ask my daughter.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> Fair Princess, cease to mourn, and grant my suit.<br />
+Thou shalt see better days than heretofore.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> I pledged my troth to Gotama Siddhattha,<br />
+And I shall never break my faith to him.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> Siddhattha is no more, he has turned monk<br />
+And you are free, you are Siddhattha's widow.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> My daughter, do not think that I oppose<br />
+Visakha's suit, for on the contrary<br />
+I do support it, and I wish you would<br />
+Accept him as a husband, for I need<br />
+Alliance with a brave and trusty man.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> Princess Yasodhara, here is my hand,<br />
+Do not refuse me.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> Brahman, spare your words.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> The time will come when you will sore regret.<br />
+O King, compel her to obey; make use<br />
+Of your good right as master of this house,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>For I alone can save the Sakya state.<br />
+<br />
+<i>P.</i> O worthy Brahman, do not threaten us.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> Decide, O Maharaja; thou art Lord!<br />
+Thy bidding must be done. Shall women rule,<br />
+Or art thou master still in thine own home?<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> I am master here; but not a tyrant;<br />
+Among our people master means a leader.<br />
+The Sakya yeomen justly pride themselves<br />
+On their free institutions. I'm the first<br />
+Among them, not an autocrat nor despot;<br />
+I serve them as adviser, guide and father;<br />
+Shall I who never would infringe upon<br />
+The right of any poorest peasant woman,<br />
+Compel a princess of the royal house<br />
+To marry 'gainst her will? No sir, not I.<br />
+I wished the Princess to accept your suit,<br />
+But I shall never say, She must be yours.<br />
+<br />
+<i>V.</i> King of the Sakyas, you forget yourself,<br />
+I am a Brahman and of noble birth.<br />
+I served you faithfully for many years,<br />
+But now I quit your service, for I know<br />
+That Bimbisara, King of Magadha,<br />
+The mightiest of Indian rulers,<br />
+Will welcome me as friend and counselor.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He bows to the <span class="smcap">King</span> and <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span>, and leaves. For a moment
+they are all silent.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> I fear me that means war.</p>
+
+<p><i>D.</i> Indeed it does.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>
+If you remember, King, Visakha said<br />
+There was a subtle influence against you<br />
+At Bimbisara's court. It dawns on me<br />
+That he, Visakha, is the cause of it.<br />
+I saw him whisper with a courtier, then<br />
+He spoke in secret with a general,<br />
+And with the King too he was closeted.<br />
+The hypocrite has thrown away his mask,<br />
+And since he spoke out boldly, I know now<br />
+That he has been intriguing all the time.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> He thinks I hate my son, but I do not.<br />
+I'm only angry, I am disappointed,<br />
+Because he did not heed my dearest wish.<br />
+I love him still and I invited him<br />
+To visit his old home and me, his father.<br />
+I sent Udayin with a kindly greeting.<br />
+Oh, I'd forgive him all, and e'en his flight,<br />
+Had only he not turned a mendicant.<br />
+It hurts my pride to see a Sakya prince,<br />
+And mine own son, go round from house to house<br />
+With bowl in hand to beg his daily food.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Rahula</span> comes in excited.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Grandfather, here is your rose, and grandma, here is yours. And
+oh! did you hear the news?</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> What is it, boy? Why are you so excited?</p>
+
+<p><i>P.</i> Who told you any news?</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> The guards at the gate. They say that my father has come. All the
+people rush out of their houses and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> greet him with clasped hands.
+They strew flowers on the road and hail him as the Buddha!</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> [<i>rises</i>] Why, is it possible?</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Wants to retire.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Stay here. Kala Udayin comes.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Kala</span> enter and kneels.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> I bow in humble reverence before the King. And my respectful
+salutations to all the members of the royal house [<i>turning to <span class="smcap">Gopa</span></i>]
+and to you.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Bring you good news, Udayin?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Your noble son, my King, is coming.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Where did you find him?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> At the Jetavana at Savatthi.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> What kind of a place is that?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> It is the most wonderful pleasure park I ever saw. O King, your
+garden here is a paltry affair in comparison with the Jetavana.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> There he lives in luxury?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Oh no Sir. Not at all. He could live in luxury, if he wanted to,
+but he leads a simple life, as simple as the humblest servant in your
+home, and when he wanders through the country after the rainy season
+he lives like any mendicant friar. He overtook me on my way, and when
+he came hither to Kapilavatthu, his home, he did as usual. Last night
+he slept in the forest, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> this morning he went from house to house
+with bowl in hand, begging his food, and he spoke a blessing wherever
+people greeted him kindly, or gave him to eat.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Oh my son, my son! Why didst thou not go straight to the palace
+where thy father has food enough for thee and all thy disciples!</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> He always follows the rule of the mendicants.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Oh my son! Why dost thou shame thy father in his own home?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> The Blessed One deems it no shame to beg. He is as modest as a
+pauper and shows no pride, but wherever he comes, he is greeted like a
+king, nay like a king of kings, and the wealthiest and most powerful
+rulers come to do him reverence.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> And he is here, this wonderful man? And he is my son Siddhattha?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Yes, he is here, and it is your son, but no longer Siddhattha,
+the Sakya prince, but Sakya muni, the sage of the Sakyas, the Buddha,
+the Blessed One. When I spoke to him and gave him your message, he
+inquired for you and the Queen Pajapati [<i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> rises</i>] and for
+you, most honored Princess and for Rahula. Yes, he inquired for you
+and how Rahula had grown.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> Did he speak kindly of us?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> He always speaks kindly, and he is always calm.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[Music a song, Buddhist Doxology, at a distance]</p></div>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> O listen to the music. Here he comes, the glorious Buddha. He
+must be at the gate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> [<i>rises again and withdraws.</i>] I must be gone.</p>
+
+<p><i>P.</i> O stay, Yasodhara.</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> No, I will hide me from his very sight; and if I am to him of any
+value, he will ask for me.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Stay, Yasodhara.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Y.</i> He fled from me because I was a hindrance<br />
+In his great quest, and he may shun me still.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Stay none the less.</p>
+
+<p><i>P.</i> Nay, let her withdraw; she is in tears and would break down.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> and <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span> withdraw to the partition behind the
+curtains.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> You say, that my son is greeted even by kings with clasped hands?</p>
+
+<p><i>K.</i> Yea, even kings kneel to him.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> I shall do nothing of the kind. He is my son, my disobedient son,
+and I am still his father.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Pajapati</span> returns.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>The procession of the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> comes. Two monks precede and
+stand at either side of the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span>. Accompanying monks and
+other public come into the garden, crowding up to the
+columns. They all kneel with clasped hands, except
+<span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> My blessing to this house, to you, O King,<br />
+And also to the Queen Pajapati,<br />
+My dear good aunt and loving foster mother.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> At last thou comest back, my wayward son,<br />
+But why didst shame me? Why didst thou go begging<br />
+Here in my capital? Thou art descended<br />
+From ancestors who are a royal race.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> My ancestors are Buddhas of past ages,<br />
+Their thinking has descended unto me,<br />
+Their habits and their rules of life I follow,<br />
+And not the regulations of a court.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The people rise to their feet again; <span class="smcap">Kala</span> joins <span class="smcap">Gopa</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Tell me, what are the rules of former Buddhas?</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> They greet you with a stanza in return<br />
+For any food or hospitality.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> I shall be glad to hear what you will say.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i></p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Awake from sleep, dispel the dream;</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Before the truth's bright ray</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Things truly are not what they seem</span><br />
+<span class="i0">But truth points out the way.</span><br />
+<span class="i0">Truth, truth alone will bring you bliss,</span><br />
+<span class="i0">In the next life and e'en in this.</span><br />
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Rahula</span> brings a rose to <span class="smcap">Buddha</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>R.</i> Here, father, is a rose I saved for you<br />
+On the big bush where nests the nightingale.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> And this is Rahula! How you have grown!<br />
+Where is your mother?<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i><span class="f3">Yasodhara was here,</span><br />
+But would not stay. On hearing that you came<br />
+She left the room and said that if at all<br />
+You cared for her, you would not fail to ask.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>B.</i> But I want to see her, lead me to the place.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Buddha</span> hands his bowl to the King, <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span> rises and leads
+the way. At a distance a flourish of trumpets.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>D.</i> What military signals do I hear?</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Go, Captain Devala, see what it means.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Devala</span> exit. <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span> hands the bowl to one of the
+disciples.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Ye two disciples shall attend the meeting.<br />
+Above all passion has the Buddha risen,<br />
+But he will comfort her who loves him dearly.<br />
+The Princess' heart is filled with deepest grief,<br />
+And in no wise shall any one rebuke her<br />
+In whatsoever way she greeteth him.<br />
+</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Pajapati</span> opens the curtain leading to the apartment where
+<span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> sits. <span class="smcap">Buddha, Pajapati</span> and <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span> enter.
+<span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> sinks down before him and holds his feet, weeping.
+The flourish of trumpets is repeated.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>S.</i> [<i>Grows restless, turns to <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span></i>] These warlike trumpets have a foreign sound<br />
+And may forbode the enemy's attack.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He leaves the apartment where <span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> is and re-enters the
+hall, going toward the entrance in the background between the
+columns.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Yasodhara, I bring thee happy tidings,<br />
+Deliverance is found, let go thy grief.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> looking up to <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> with deep emotion.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>Y.</i> Oh Lord, how did I long for your return,<br />
+But in your eyes I have become as naught.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> My faithful helpmate and my former wife,<br />
+Thou hast been dear to me, dear art thou still,<br />
+But truth is dearer, and to truth I cling,<br />
+While on my quest of truth in former lives,<br />
+And also now in this existence, thou<br />
+With voluntary sacrifice hast aided me,<br />
+Imagine not that thou a hindrance art<br />
+To me or to my work and holy mission.<br />
+Next to my sainted mother thou art blessed<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>Among the women of this world. Rejoice<br />
+And let grief pass from thy suffering soul.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Y.</i> [<i>In a kneeling posture</i>] Grant me a boon, my Lord, a precious
+boon.</p>
+
+<p><i>R.</i> Yea, father, grant the boon that mother wants.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> Speak, Princess, and I listen to thy word.<br />
+I know thy heart, Yasodhara; I know<br />
+That naught but worthy thoughts dwell in thy mind.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> Grant me to help thee in thy noble mission.<br />
+I want to join the band of thy disciples.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>She pauses and the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> hesitates to answer.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="f3">I shall be happy if I do thy work.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Dost thou not know this boon is but a burden?<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i> The heavier it be, my Lord, the more I welcome it.<br />
+<br />
+<i>R.</i><span class="f3">Oh grant the boon!</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i><span class="f2">Not yet</span><br />
+Yasodhara, have women been admitted;<br />
+But I foresee the time will come.<br />
+<br />
+<i>Y.</i><span class="f2">My Lord</span><br />
+The time is here if thou but grant the boon.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> places his right hand in blessing upon
+<span class="smcap">Yasodhara's</span> head.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>B.</i> So let it be, and so thy boon be granted;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>I may not hinder thee if thou insistest.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>As <span class="smcap">Pajapati</span> helps <span class="smcap">Yasodhara</span> to rise, a third flourish of
+trumpets is heard, this time near by and loud. <span class="smcap">Devala</span> returns
+in great excitement and addresses <span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span>.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>D.</i> My noble liege, an embassy is coming<br />
+From Bimbisara, King of Magadha.<br />
+They are the kingdom's highest ministers,<br />
+And sullen do they look and their retainers.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> 'Tis most unfortunate, but let them in.<br />
+<br />
+<i>D.</i> There's more to be announced.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i><span class="f2">You look excited.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>D.</i> It is but the beginning of the end:<br />
+Our scouts are captured, one of them escaped.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He hesitates.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>S.</i> Well, Devala?<br />
+<br />
+<i>D.</i><span class="f3">He carries evil news.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> [<i>With great anxiety</i>] By Issara! Speak, man! Don't hesitate.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Devala</span> covers his eyes with his hands and sobs.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> Tell me the worst. Tell me the worst at once.</p>
+
+<p><i>D.</i> O that I had no tongue to tell the tidings.</p>
+
+<p><i>S.</i> I will be brave, speak freely! Be a man!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>In the meantime the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> together with the others has
+entered the main hall.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>D.</i> Our cause is lost. We are surrounded,<br />
+Three bridges have been built and General Siha<br />
+Stands ready with an overwhelming army<br />
+To crush us.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i><span class="f3">Once I had a son! But he</span><br />
+Alas! turned mendicant and fails me now!<br />
+In him no drop of warrior blood is left,<br />
+No spark of honor gloweth in his heart<br />
+And our ancestral pride goes down in shame.<br />
+<br />
+<i>B.</i> Transient, my noble father, are all things.<br />
+All kingdoms finally must pass away,<br />
+But if thou tak'st thy refuge in the truth,<br />
+Thou wilt be free from all vicissitudes.<br />
+The kingdom of the truth alone endures.<br />
+<br />
+<i>S.</i> [<i>With indignation.</i>] Siddhattha, spare thy monkish rant,<br />
+Far better than thy cowardly submission,<br />
+Far nobler and befitting it would be,<br />
+To draw the sword and die a hero's death.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The embassy in solemn procession files in as before at the
+Jetavana. The <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> withdraws and is not noticed by the
+embassy. Prime Minister <span class="smcap">Nagadeva</span> (N) addresses King
+<span class="smcap">Suddhodana</span>.</i></p></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>N.</i> Oh Maharaja, listen to our message!<br />
+The ruler of the mighty Magadha,<br />
+King Bimbisara, sends you kindly greetings.<br />
+He wants you to entreat the Blessed One,<br />
+The holy Buddha, who now stays with you,<br />
+Who, as he learneth, is your noble son,<br />
+To come to Rajagaha on a visit.<br />
+There have been rumors of intended war,<br />
+And armies are maneuvering nearby,<br />
+But be assured, our noble King means peace.<br />
+He would not draw the sword against your state,<br />
+Nor wage a war against the Buddha's father.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Suddhodana's</span> eye searches for the <span class="smcap">Buddha</span> who has been
+standing behind a column and now steps forward.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+<i>S.</i> Oh noble son, oh blessed, highest Buddha,<br />
+Thou art indeed a King of Kings on earth!<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He kneels down. All members of the embassy do the same.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>
+No crown thou wear'st, no scepter's in thy hand,<br />
+Thou needest neither lance, nor sword nor shield,<br />
+And yet thou rulest, with mere word and thought,<br />
+Thou sway'st the destinies of all the world,<br />
+I did not know thy power and thy great worth;<br />
+But now I bow me down in humble faith,<br />
+And I take refuge in the truth thou preachest.<br />
+Henceforth I will devote myself to spread<br />
+The kingdom of good will and righteousness.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="center">[Music Buddhist Doxology]</p>
+
+<p class="center">[<span class="smcap">Curtain</span>]</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Buddha, by Paul Carus
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@@ -0,0 +1,3666 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Buddha, by Paul Carus
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Buddha
+       A Drama in Five Acts and Four Interludes
+
+Author: Paul Carus
+
+Release Date: September 27, 2007 [EBook #22782]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BUDDHA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Sankar Viswanathan,
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                         Transcriber's Note:
+
+   The spelling and accents of Sanskrit names is not consistent in
+   the book. The Table of Contents is not part of the original book.
+
+
+
+                              THE BUDDHA
+
+                       A DRAMA IN FIVE ACTS AND
+
+                           FOUR INTERLUDES
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                              PAUL CARUS
+
+
+
+                               CHICAGO
+
+                    THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.
+
+                          LONDON: 149 Strand
+
+                                 1913
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS
+
+
+          DIRECTIONS TO THE STAGE MANAGER.
+
+          CAST OF CHARACTERS.
+
+          GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS.
+
+          ACT I.
+
+          ACT II.
+
+          ACT III.
+
+          ACT IV.
+
+          ACT V.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+DIRECTIONS TO THE STAGE MANAGER.
+
+
+The scenery can be made very attractive by both historical accuracy
+and a display of Oriental luxury, but the drama may easily be
+performed with simple means at a small cost without losing its
+dramatic effect. Some of the changes, however, should be very rapid.
+The interludes can be replaced by lantern slide pictures, or may be
+omitted.
+
+If the interludes are retained there need not be any intermission in
+the whole drama.
+
+The music for the Buddha's Hymn of Victory, pages 5 and 39 (see _The
+Open Court_, XIX, 49); the dirge on page 19, (_Open Court_, XIX, 567);
+Yasodhara's Song, page 37 (_Open Court_, XVIII, 625); and the
+Doxology, page 63 and at the end (_Open Court_, XVIII, 627), may be
+found in a collection entitled _Buddhist Hymns_ (Chicago, Open Court
+Publishing Co., 1911).
+
+COPYRIGHT BY
+
+THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.
+
+1913
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CAST OF CHARACTERS.
+
+_All vowels to be pronounced as in Italian._
+
+
+Siddhattha Gotama, Prince of the Sakyas, later on the Buddha      _B_
+
+Suddhodana, King of the Sakyas, father of Siddhattha              _S_
+
+Pajapati, Queen of the Sakyas, aunt and stepmother of
+  Siddhattha                                                      _P_
+
+Princess Yasodhara, Siddhattha's wife                             _Y_
+
+Rahula, Yasodhara's son                                           _R_
+
+Devadatta, brother of Yasodhara                                   _Dd_
+
+Kala Udayin, a gardener's son                                     _K_
+
+Gopa, Yasodhara's maid                                            _G_
+
+Visakha, a Brahman, Prime Minister of Suddhodana                  _V_
+
+Devala, a Sakya Captain                                           _D_
+
+Bimbisara, King of Magadha                                        _Bb_
+
+Ambapali, King Bimbisara's favorite                               _Ap_
+
+Nagadeva, Prime Minister of Magadha, leader of an embassy         _N_
+
+General Siha, in the service of King Bimbisara                    _GS_
+
+Jeta, Prince of Northern Kosala                                   _J_
+
+Anatha Pindika, a wealthy man of Savattha                         _A_
+
+Mara, the Evil One                                                _M_
+
+Channa, Prince Siddhattha's groom                                 _Ch_
+
+Master of Ceremonies at Magadha                                   _Mc_
+
+General Siha's Captain                                            _C_
+
+A Brahman Priest                                                  _Pr_
+
+A Farmer                                                          _F_
+
+Servant                                                           _St_
+
+Ministers, Officers, Soldiers, Trumpeters, Villagers, A Shepherd.
+  Singers: Mara's Daughters, Angels, Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS.
+
+
+Buddha, the Enlightened One, the Saviour.
+
+Bodhi, enlightenment or wisdom.
+
+Bodhisatta, a seeker of the bodhi, one who endeavors to become a
+Buddha.
+
+Bodhi tree, the tree under which Buddha acquires enlightenment.
+
+Muni, thinker or sage.
+
+Sakyamuni, the Sage of the Sakyas, the Buddha.
+
+Tathagata, a title of Buddha, which probably means "The Perfect
+One," or "he who has reached completion."
+
+Nirvana (in Pali, "Nibbana") eternal bliss.
+
+Kapilavatthu, capital of the Sakyas.
+
+Kosala, an Indian state divided into Northern and Southern Kosala.
+
+Savatthi, capital of Northern Kosala.
+
+Jetavana, the pleasure garden of Prince Jeta at Savatthi.
+
+Magadha, a large kingdom in the Ganges Valley.
+
+Rajagaha, capital of Magadha.
+
+Uruvela, a place near Benares.
+
+Arada and U'draka, two philosophers.
+
+Licchavi, a princely house of Vesali.
+
+Nirgrantha (lit. "liberated from bonds"), a name adopted by the
+adherents of the Jaina sect.
+
+Indra, in the time of Buddha worshiped by the people as the most
+powerful god.
+
+Issara, the Lord, a name of God Indra.
+
+Yama, the god of death.
+
+Kali, a Brahman goddess, called also Durga.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+FIRST SCENE.
+
+[A tropical garden in Kapilavatthu, in the background mountains, at a
+distance the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas. On the right near the
+front a marble bench surrounded with bushes. Further back the palace
+entrance of the Raja's residence. Above the entrance a balcony. On the
+left a fortified gate with a guard house; all built luxuriously in
+antique Indian style.]
+
+
+    _Present_: SUDDHODANA, _the king_ (_S_); PAJAPATI, _the
+    queen_ (_P_), _and the minister of state_ VISAKHA (_V_).
+
+_S._ My son Siddhattha truly loves his wife,
+And since their wedlock has been blessed by this
+Sweet, promising, this hale and healthy child,
+His melancholy will give way to joy,
+And we reclaim his noble energies
+To do good service for our race and state.
+New int'rests and new duties give new courage
+And thus this babe will prove his father's saviour
+For he will tie his soul to life again.
+
+_P._ I fear his grief lies deeper than you think.
+
+_S._ What sayest thou, my trusty counselor?
+
+_V._ This is the last hope which I have for him,
+I followed your advice and tried all means
+To cure Siddhattha of his pensive mood.
+I taught him all that will appeal to man:
+The sports of youth, the joy of poetry
+And art, the grandeur of our ancient lore,
+The pleasures e'en of wanton sense; but naught
+Would satisfy the yearnings of his heart.
+
+_S._ Yet for religion he shows interest:
+He ponders on the problems of the world.
+
+_V._ Indeed he ponders on life's meaning much,
+Investigates the origin of things
+But irreligious are his ways of thought.
+He shows no reverence for Issara,
+And Indra is to him a fairy tale.
+He grudgeth to the gods a sacrifice
+And sheddeth tears at immolated lambs.
+Oh no! he's not religious. If he were,
+His ills could easily be cured by faith,
+By confidence in Issara, the Lord.
+
+_S._ What then is your opinion of the case?
+
+_V._ Siddhattha is a youth of rarest worth,
+And he surpasseth men in every virtue
+Except in one.--He is too independent:
+He recognizeth no authority,
+Neither of men nor gods. He suffereth
+[_More and more impressively_]
+From the incurable disease of thought.
+
+_S._ Cure thought with thought, teach him philosophy,
+Show him the purpose of our holy writ.
+Instruct him in the meaning of the Vedas,
+Reveal to him their esoteric sense.
+
+_V._ My lord, I did, but he is critical,
+He makes objections and will not believe.
+He raises questions which I cannot answer,
+And his conclusions are most dangerous.
+
+_P._ It seems to me that you exaggerate;
+Siddhattha is not dangerous. He is
+As gentle as my sister was, his mother,
+And almost overkind to every one.
+
+_V._ I know, my gracious lady, but e'en kindness
+May harmful be, if it is out of place.
+
+_S._ I see no danger in his gentle nature.
+
+_V._ But he lacks strength, decision, warlike spirit.
+
+_S._ That cometh with maturer years.
+
+_V._                                 I doubt it:
+Your son, my Lord, not only hath no faith
+In holy writ, neither does he believe
+In caste-distinction, and he would upset
+The sanctioned order of our institutions.
+He would abolish sacrifice and holdeth
+The Brahman ritual in deep contempt.
+
+_S._ Your words alarm me.
+
+_V._                      Rightly so; I fear
+That he will stir the people to rebellion;
+But since a child is born to him, his mind
+May turn from dreams to practical affairs.
+There are some men who care not for themselves,
+Who scorn high caste, position, wealth and honor,
+So far as they themselves may be concerned,
+But they are anxious for their children's fortune,
+And so Siddhattha soon may change his views.
+
+_S._ Let us be patient for a while yet longer.
+Keep everything unpleasant out of sight,
+Invite him merry company. Remove
+His gloomy cousin Devadatta. He tries
+To reach a state of bliss by fasts,
+His very play is penance and contrition.
+
+_P._ Ananda is a better boon companion,
+He is not so morose as Devadatta.
+
+_S._ Neither is he the right friend for my son.
+I grant he has a loving disposition,
+But he is pensive too. Surround Siddhattha
+With lads such as the gardner's jolly son,
+Kala Udayin. Like a lark he warbles!
+Would there were more like him. He jokes and laughs
+And never makes a sullen face. But tell me
+How is to-day Kala Udayin's father?
+
+_V._ His sickness turns from bad to worse. I fear
+He cannot live.
+
+_S._ [_with concern_] Have him removed from here;
+Siddhattha likes him much and if he knew
+Udayin's sorry fate, it might undo
+All good effects of joyful fatherhood.
+
+_V._ The best will be to move him in the night.
+
+_S._ Move him by night, and do it soon.--But hush,
+Yasodhara is coming with her babe.
+
+    YASODHARA (_Y_) _and two attendant maids, one carries an
+    umbrella, shading the Princess; the other,_ GOPA (_G_),
+    _carries the infant_.
+
+_P._ [_meets her and kisses her._]
+Welcome, thou sweetest flower of our garden,
+Thou ray of sunshine in Siddhattha's life.
+
+_S._ My dearest daughter! how is Rahula?
+
+_Y._ My royal father, Rahula is growing,
+And he increases daily in his weight;
+To-day he smiled at me most cunningly.
+I'll lay him down, for he is fast asleep.
+
+    _All enter the palace. The stage remains empty a moment.
+    Soft, serious music (Buddha's "Hymn of Victory") is heard._
+
+
+SECOND SCENE.
+
+
+    SIDDHATTHA (_B_) _and_ KALA UDAYIN (_K_) _enter_.
+
+_K._ My sweet Prince, when you are king you must appoint me court
+jester. Will you, my good Lord? We two are good contrasts: You full of
+dignity upon a royal throne, a golden crown upon your head, the
+scepter in your hand, and I dressed in motley with cap and bells.
+Heigh ho! That will be jolly. And after all we are so much alike!
+
+_B._ A royal crown shall never grace my head.
+
+_K._ And why should it not, sweet Prince?
+
+_B._ I have a higher aim, a greater mission.
+What is a kingdom? What are wealth and power?
+What crown and scepter? They are transient things,
+I yearn for the Immortal state, Nirvana.
+
+_K._ Then wilt thou be a Buddha? Oh, even then will I follow thee.
+
+    _He kneels down with clasped hands._
+
+    Wilt thou a holy Buddha be,
+    O keep me in thy company
+    Though I'm a jester. I'll be good.
+    Let me attain beatitude.
+
+_B._ Rise Kala, rise, I am a mortal man,
+I'm not omniscient, nor have I yet
+Attained the goal of goals, enlightenment.--
+Tell me, why dost thou think we are alike?
+
+_K._ My Lord, you have no ambition to be a king; you think the world
+is full of vanity, and you consider that life and its glory will pass
+away. That is exactly what I think. I agree with you. Only, you are of
+a serious disposition and take the matter to heart, while I think it
+is great fun. What is the use of thinking so much. We are all like
+bubbles: we float in the air, and then the bubble bursts and this life
+is over. I am now a poor boy. I fear no change. In a future
+incarnation I may be born as the son of a king, like you. And think
+of it, after a few million years, this whole world, this big bulky
+stupid institution, this home of so many villains, and a couple of
+good ones like us two among them, the theater of rascalities, of
+vanities, of follies, will be scattered to the winds, as if it had
+never existed. Be merry, my Prince, so long as the comedy lasts.
+
+    DEVADATTA (_Dd._) _appears in the background.
+    His cheeks are sunken and his face is gloomy.
+    His eye has a fanatic expression._
+
+_B._ Consider, it may prove a tragedy.
+
+_K._ Let it be what it may be. To me it will be what I think it is. It
+is a huge joke.
+
+_B._ But who will laugh at it, my friend?
+
+_K._                                     I will.
+
+_B._ Kala, the time will come when thou wilt weep.
+
+_K._ Well then? And if I weep I shall shed tears.
+
+    Tears are a sweet relief
+    In anguish pain and grief.
+    I'll make the best of all,
+    Whatever may befall.
+
+_B._ Thy prattle seemeth foolish, but it hideth
+A deep philosophy.
+
+_K._              Why then, good Lord,
+Why wilt thou not its merry lesson learn?
+
+_B._ Good Kala listen, and thou'lt understand:
+There is a difference between our aims:
+Thou clingest to this world of transiency,
+But I seek the Etern. Thou seest not
+The misery of life, for thou art happy--
+Happy at least at present, though the next
+Moment may find thee writhing in lament.
+I seek a place of refuge whence I can
+Extend my hand to help those in distress.
+I will attain the state of Buddhahood
+To bring deliverance to all mankind.
+
+_Dd._ Why do you waste your time, Siddhattha, with this frivolous lad?
+What profit can there be in gossip such as you two carry on?
+
+_K._ You always scold, you hollow-eyed sour face! You always moralize.
+Even your good brother-in-law is too worldly for you.
+
+_Dd._ I did not speak to you, I addressed myself to Siddhattha.
+
+_B._ Udayin has a heart, a human heart,
+And all my sympathy goes out to him.
+
+_Dd._ If you intend to lead a religious life and go into homelessness,
+you had better devote yourself to fasts and contemplations.
+
+_K._ You do not talk to me, but I will talk to you, and I will tell
+you that in all your religious exercises you think of yourself, while
+Siddhattha thinks of others. I wish you would go into homelessness.
+Nobody would miss you here.
+
+    _Addressing himself to_ SIDDHATTHA.
+
+But, good my Lord, you must not go into homelessness, because you will
+do more harm than good.
+
+_B._ How can that be, my good Kala Udayin?
+
+_K._ There comes your noble wife, Yasodhara.
+
+    YASODHARA _comes, her maids with umbrellas keep at a
+    respectful distance_.
+
+_Y._ Come see our boy, he is a lovely child;
+He just woke up. He maketh you forget,
+The sad thoughts of your heart on world and life,
+For he, the darling babe, is life himself.
+
+    KALA _flirts with_ GOPA, _one of_ YASODHARA'S _maids_.
+
+_B._ I'll follow thee at once.
+
+_Y._ [_Addressing Devadatta_]
+And brother, will you come along?
+
+_Dd._                               Not I.
+This child is but the beginning of new misery. It continues the old
+error in the eternal round on the wheel of life.
+
+    _She goes into the house._ DEVADATTA _withdraws into the
+    garden_.
+
+_B._            Now Kala speak.
+
+_K._ O Prince Siddhattha, do not go into homelessness, do not leave
+us. I cannot live without you. You are my comfort, my teacher, my
+guide. I do not follow your instructions, but I love to hear them. Oh
+I could not live without you. Do not go, sweet Prince. Think of your
+wife, your dear good lovely wife, it will break her heart. Think of
+your child. Do not go, noble Prince. Let somebody else become the
+saviour of the world. Somebody else can just as well become the
+deliverer and the Buddha. I am sure there are many who would like to
+fill that place, and somebody can do it who has a less comfortable
+home to leave, who has a less lovely wife, who is not heir to a
+kingdom, and who has not such a sweet promising little boy as you
+have. I cannot live without you.
+
+_B._ Wouldst thou go with me?
+
+_K._ [_kneels_]                       Yes my Lord, I would.
+Take me along and I will cheer you up.
+
+_B._ Wouldst thou go begging food from house to house?
+With bowl in hand, a homeless mendicant?
+
+_K._ No sir, that would not suit me.
+
+_B._ Wouldst thou by night sleep under forest trees?
+
+_K._ No sir, I would catch cold. That's not for me. [_Rises_] If you
+needs must go, sir, you had better go alone. That life is not for me.
+I will go and hear the nightingale.
+
+    SIDDHATTHA _follows the Princess into the palace_.
+
+_K._    A Buddha's life
+        Is not for every one.
+        He has no wife
+        No pleasure and no fun.
+        He cannot laugh,
+        He cannot cry;
+        He cannot love
+        He cannot sigh.
+        He's always preaching, preaching.
+        He's always teaching, teaching.
+        He wonders at time's transiency
+        And ponders on man's misery,
+        And findeth his salvation
+        In dreary resignation.
+        That life I see
+        Is not for me:
+        'Twould be ill spent;
+        I would not find enlightenment.
+        I lift not the world's woe
+        And in my quest for truth would fail
+        [_Muses a moment._]
+        So I had better go
+        And listen to the nightingale.
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN exit._
+
+         [During the last scene twilight has gradually set in.]
+
+
+THIRD SCENE.
+
+[The scene changes by open curtain. A veil comes down, and when its
+goes up again we see the bed chamber of Siddhattha and Yasodhara dimly
+lit by tapers.]
+
+
+    _YASODHARA (Y) on the bed with babe in arms, two maids in
+    waiting. SIDDHATTHA (B) comes in. A halo of light (not too
+    strong) surrounds his head. The princess rises, lays the babe
+    down and advances toward her husband._
+
+_Y._ O good my Lord, my Prince, my Husband!
+
+    _A pause. She changes her voice as if ashamed of her show of
+    feeling. With a matter-of-fact intonation._
+
+Rahula fell asleep again.
+
+_B._ Why art thou sad, my good Yasodhara?
+I see a tear that glitters in thine eye.
+
+_Y._ An unspeakable melancholy steals over my soul when
+I hear you speak of your religious longings.
+
+_B._ Wouldest thou not rejoice if I fulfilled
+My mission; if I reached the highest goal?
+
+_Y._ Oh! Siddhattha! you do not love me.
+
+_B._ My heart embraces all the world--and thee.
+
+_Y._ If you loved me truly, there would not be much room for all the
+world. You think of the world all day long, and have not a minute's
+time for your wife.
+
+_B._ I have, my dear!
+
+_Y._ My noble Husband!
+
+_B._ Speak!
+
+_Y._ Scarcely do I dare to call you by that name. You are kind and
+gentle, but for a husband you are too lofty, too distant in your
+dignity. It may be wrong in me, it may be sinful, but I wish you were
+less lofty and more loving.
+
+_B._ My dearest "Wife," I call thee so on purpose--
+My dearest "Wife," thou dost not understand:
+The misery and ills of all the world
+Weigh heavy on my heart. I'll find no peace
+Until at last a remedy be found.
+
+_Y._ Why dost thou trouble about others? Think of thy son, thy
+sweetest Rahula, and if thou lovest me a little only, think of me.
+
+_B._ I think of thee, my loving Wife, but when
+I think of thee I think of all--of all
+The loving wives, the happy trembling mothers
+All over in the world. Happy they are,
+But trembling for their babes. Oh! bear in mind,
+We all are in the net of sorrow caught.
+This world is full of pain, disease and death;
+And even death brings no relief. Because
+The wheel of life rolls on. The ills continue
+In births that constantly repeat themselves.
+
+_Y._ Oh! do not speak of it my Lord, it makes me sad. Why do you think
+of misery, while here we are surrounded by wealth and comfort, and
+even the prospects of our future are most auspicious. Why borrow
+trouble before it comes?
+
+_B._ My dear Yasodhara, change is the law
+Of being. Now we prosper, but the wheel
+Goes round and brings the high into the dust.
+
+_Y._ You suffer from bad dreams;
+
+_B._           Listen to me.
+
+    _They sit down._
+
+In this luxurious palace and these gardens,
+Surrounding it, was I brought up with care.
+I saw naught but the fair, the beautiful,
+The pleasant side of life.
+
+_Y._            I know, Siddhattha--
+I know it very well.
+
+_B._          You know, my father
+Has kept me ignorant of evil things.
+I might have thought that such is life throughout,
+But I began to doubt and asked for leave
+To see the world outside these palace walls.
+Not without difficulty did I gain
+Permission, and with Channa in a chariot
+I drove away--when suddenly before me
+I saw a sight I'd never seen before.
+There was a man with wrinkled face, bleared eyes,
+And stooping gait, a sight most pitiable.
+
+    _YASODHARA is much moved._
+
+While I was horror-struck, Channa passed by
+Indifferent, for _he_ had seen such men.
+Too well he knew the common fate of all;
+But I, the first time in my life, did learn
+That, _if_ we but live long enough, we all
+Shall be such miserable wretched dotards.
+
+_Y._ Too sudden came this saddening truth to you.
+
+_B._ Channa sped on his horses out of town,
+But there again! what an ungainly sight!
+A man lay on the road-side, weak and helpless,
+With trembling frame and feverish cramps.
+I shut mine eyes to so much racking pain,
+Still I could hear his groaning and his moaning.
+"Oh, Channa," said I to the charioteer:
+"Why does this happen? How deserves this man
+The wretchedness of his great agonies?"
+"How do I know?" said Channa, "for we all
+Are subject to distemper and disease.
+Sometimes the best are stricken--and must die!"
+"Must die?" cried I, "What does that word portend?"
+For, you must know, I never heard of death.
+My father had forbidden, at his court
+To speak to me of anything unpleasant.
+"Yea, die!" said Channa, "Look around and see!"
+Along the road a funeral procession
+Moved slowly, solemnly and mournfully
+And on the bier a corpse, stark, stiff and cold.
+
+_Y._ Do not be troubled, death is still far off.
+
+_B._ Oh do not feel secure, for the three evils
+Surround us constantly and everywhere,
+And even now death hovers o'er our house.
+When I was born my mother went to heaven,
+Which means, she died when she gave life to me.
+
+_Y._ My Lord don't think of evils that are past.
+
+_B._ The world's impermanence is still the same,
+And all material things are conformations
+Subject to pain, decay and dissolution.
+Yet unconcerned in blessed carelessness
+Man hunteth after pleasure. Transiency
+Has set its mark on life, and there is none
+Who can escape its curse. There is no mortal
+Who's always happy. Misery surprises
+The luckiest with unexpected terror.
+Then, in addition, unseen powers breed
+Most heinous maladies and fever heat.
+E'en if we were exceptions, thou must grant
+That finally we too will meet our doom.
+The ghastly specter Death, the stern king Yama,
+Awaiteth all of us. Such is our fate!
+
+_Y._ O put away these gloomy thoughts, and think
+Of life and love, and of thy lovely child.
+
+_B._ Could we be truly happy while the world
+Is filled with misery? Mine eyes are opened;
+I see how death his gruesome revel holds.
+He owns the world and sways its destinies.
+One creature ruthlessly preys on the other,
+And man, the cleverest, preys on them all.
+Nor is he free, for man preys upon man!
+Nowhere is peace, and everywhere is war;
+Life's mighty problem must be solved at last.--
+I have a mission to fulfil.
+
+_Y._                   And me
+Wouldst sacrifice for a philosophy,
+For the idea of an idle quest!
+
+_B._ 'Tis not for me to ask whether my quest
+Be vain: for me 'tis to obey the call.
+
+_Y._ [_with passionate outburst_] Siddhattha, O my Lord, my husband,
+what wilt thou do? Dost thou forget the promise made me on our wedding
+day?
+
+_B_. Yasodhara, a higher duty calls.
+The time will come, and it is close at hand,
+When I shall wander into homelessness.
+I'll leave this palace and its splendid gardens
+I'll leave the pleasures of this world behind
+To go in quest of Truth, of saving Truth.
+
+    _YASODHARA sinks on her knees before him and clasps his
+    knees._
+
+_Y._ And me, my Lord, thy quest will make a widow!
+Oh, stay, and build thee here a happy home.
+
+_B._ My dear Yasodhara, it cannot be.
+
+    _The Prince stands lost in thought. Rahula is restless.
+    YASODHARA rises and turns toward the child._
+
+_Y_. He wakes again. I come, my babe, I come.
+
+[The veil comes down again, and when it rises it shows the garden
+before the palace as in the first scene, but it is night and all is
+wrapped in darkness.]
+
+
+FOURTH SCENE.
+
+
+_King SUDDHODANA (S) and his minister VISAKHA (V) come out of the
+entrance._ _Later on Captain DEVALA (D) and soldiers._
+
+_S._ Unfortunate, most unfortunate, that Udayin died. Siddhattha will
+miss the gardener and will ask for him.
+
+_V._ The Prince loves flowers, and he knows them all by name; he loves
+trees and shrubs, and praises them for yielding fruit and grain for
+feeding us without the need of shedding blood.
+
+_S._ Have the body removed so long as it is dark.
+
+_V_. The moon is full to-day and must rise in a little while.
+
+_S._ Double the guards at the gate. I am afraid my son will flee. It
+would be a disgrace on my house to have him become a mendicant. The
+kings of Kosala, of Magadha, and all the others look with envy on our
+sturdy people; they dislike our free institutions and our warlike
+spirit. They would scoff at us if a Sakya prince had become a monk.
+But if Siddhattha does flee, I swear by Lord Indra that I shall disown
+him; I will no longer recognize him as my son. I will disinherit him
+and make Rahula my heir apparent.
+
+    _VISAKHA looks at SUDDHODANA in amazement._
+
+_S_. I am serious and I will do it. I swore an oath, and Issara will
+help me to keep it. Now go to the captain of the guards and do as I
+bid you.
+
+    _Exit. The Minister alone._
+
+_V._ Oh! What a chance for me! Siddhattha will flee, if he be not
+prevented; he will be disinherited. Rahula is a babe, and it will take
+twenty years before he grows up to manhood.--[_He muses._] I may
+proceed on different lines, and one of them must certainly lead to
+success. I may marry the Princess and become the stepfather of the
+heir apparent, his guardian, the man who has him in his power--Hm! Hm!
+I need not plan too far ahead. And if that plan did not work, the King
+of Magadha would make me raja of the Sakyas, if I would recognize him
+as my liege.
+
+    _The full moon rises and the scene becomes gradually
+    brighter. VISAKHA knocks at the gate._
+
+Who is on guard?
+
+    _Officer comes out._
+
+_D._ I am, my Lord, 'tis Captain Devala.
+
+_V._ 'Tis well. King Suddhodana requests you to double your guard
+to-night, for he has reasons. Further he wants you to remove the
+corpse of Udayin, the gardener who died to-day of an infectious
+disease. Be on your guard, for where a dead body lies there are
+ghosts--and [_in a half whisper_] when you see demons or gods, keep
+yourselves, you and your men, locked up in the guard house, and the
+spook will pass without harm.
+
+_D._ Your order shall be punctiliously obeyed.
+
+    _Pays his military salute and returns to the guard house._
+
+_V._ That settles the guard, and should Siddhattha flee he will find
+no obstacle.
+
+    _Two men come out of the guard house and enter the palace
+    with a bier. KALA UDAYIN comes back from the garden. VISAKHA
+    retires into the background._
+
+_K._ The nightingale is a sweet bird, but I like the lark better. The
+nightingale is more artistic, but his song is melancholy, he is so
+sentimental! The lark has a mere twitter like my own song, I like the
+lark better. How beautiful is this summer night; How glorious is the
+moon; how fragrant are the roses in the garden! It is a most
+auspicious night, and all breathes happiness.
+
+    _VISAKHA from his hiding place watches KALA._
+
+_V._ He comes in time, his presence will prosper my plans.
+
+[Kala is lost in thought. Music, from Beethoven's Seventh Symphony,
+somber and as if coming from a distance, is heard.]
+
+_K._ [_while the music plays_] What a strange presentiment is stealing
+over my soul. Perhaps I was too happy! What does Siddhattha say?
+
+    "All conformations always are transient,[A]
+    Harrassed by sorrow, lacking a self."
+
+[Footnote A: The quoted lines run in the same rhythm as the melody and
+should be pronounced accordingly. See _Buddhist Hymns_, p. 22.]
+
+    _The men come with the corpse on the bier. KALA stops them._
+
+_K._ What do you carry? Who is this? [_he shrieks_] My father! [_The
+carriers set the corpse down and Kala sinks down by the bier._] Oh, my
+father! my dearest father! How did you die? Why did you leave me? Oh,
+my father! [_he sobs_].
+
+    _The moon sinks behind a cloud._
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA comes._
+
+_B._ What may the trouble be? I heard a shriek.
+
+    _KALA raises himself half way up. The scene is bright again._
+
+_K._ Oh, my Prince! See here! My father is dead! Now I know the truth
+as well as you. Now I feel the pain. The time has come for me to
+lament. I was so happy and I would not believe you.--Oh ye who are
+happy, think in the hour of happiness that all is subject to
+suffering, and the hour of suffering will come to you too. Nay more
+than that, the hour of death will come; it has come to my father, it
+will come to you and to me, and then my caroling will stop forever.
+Oh, my poor father!
+
+_B._ How rarely is thy advent welcome, Death,
+E'en this poor gardener who a servant was
+His livelong days, leaves in our hearts a gap.
+His son lamenteth him, and I not less;
+He was my loving friend; my educator,
+He had me on his knees so many a time,
+To tell me how the flowers will grow and blow,
+And how they prosper after rainy days.
+May gentle lilies from thy ashes spring,
+Decked with the purity of thine own heart,
+And with their fragrance give the same delight
+That in thy present life thou gavest us.
+
+    _The carriers lift up the body and carry it out._
+
+Oh, fare thee well, thou good and worthy friend,
+Oh, fare thee well, but thy departure is
+To me a token that my time has come.
+
+    _Turning to KALA who all the while was lying prostrate
+    weeping._
+
+Weep not, companion of my childhood days,
+But bear in mind the courage of thy mirth.
+Remember all the virtues of thy father
+And let them live again in thine own heart.
+Thou must not yield to weakness and lamenting,
+Tend to life's duties: Go and call me Channa,
+Bid him to saddle Kanthaka, my steed,
+And let him ready be for a night's ride.
+
+    _KALA exit. SIDDHATTHA alone._
+
+The hour has come! and now my last farewell
+To thee my wife and Rahula my son.
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA makes a few steps and halts._
+
+This is the greatest sacrifice I bring:
+I leave behind a crown without regret;
+I leave the luxury of wealth and power;
+I care for them as though they were but ashes
+But I must also leave my wife and child:
+Here I must prove the courage of my heart.
+
+    _Enters the house._
+
+
+FIFTH SCENE.
+
+[The veil of clouds comes down, and when it rises we see Yasodhara's
+bedroom again.]
+
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA (B) enters. YASODHARA (Y) sleeps with the babe in
+    her arms._
+
+_B._ Here lie the rarest treasures of this life,
+My noble wife, my dear boy Rahula.
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA approaches the bed._
+
+Your sleep is sweet in your sweet innocence,
+And I will not disturb your blissful rest.
+I will go out in search for saving Truth
+And shall not come again unless 't be found
+Farewell my wife and Rahula my son.
+Must I be gone? Is this, in sooth, my duty?
+
+    _He goes toward the door. There he stops._
+
+Perchance on their account I ought to stay.
+But no! my father can take care of them.
+It is my tender heart that makes me weak.
+This is the greatest sacrifice I bring.
+
+
+SIXTH SCENE
+
+[Change of scene, as rapid as before. The garden before the palace]
+
+
+    _CHANNA (Ch.) enters with a horse._
+
+_Channa._ My Prince, here is your steed!
+
+    _MARA (M), a superhuman figure, gaudily dressed, hovering in
+    the air, suddenly appears and addresses SIDDHATTHA (B)._
+
+_M._ It is a shame to leave your wife and child.
+
+_B._ [_Addressing the vision in the air._]
+Mara, thou here? thou wicked one, thou tempter!
+
+_K._ Oh do not leave us Prince. Think of the wrong you do.
+You wrong your royal father, you wrong your wife, you wrong your child.
+
+_B._ What sayest thou? Thou sayest I do wrong?
+The same rebuke is echoed in my heart;
+It is so sweet, so loving, so alluring!
+And shall I listen to its tender voice?
+How pleasant would it be to stay at home,
+And to enjoy my wife's love and my child's!
+Is that my duty? Say, is that my duty?
+
+_K._ Surely my Lord, your duties lie at home.
+
+    _SIDDHATTHA wavers as if in doubt. He stands pondering for a
+    moment._
+
+_B._ Who will instruct me where my duty lies?
+
+_M._ I will instruct thee, I will guide thee right.
+
+_K._ How can you doubt, my Prince? And can you not
+Search for the truth here in this pleasant garden?
+There're spots enough where you can think and ponder,
+And meditate among the fragrant flowers.
+
+_B._ Here I shall never reach my goal.
+
+_K._             Stay here.
+A kingdom is your sure inheritance,
+While Buddahood is but a doubtful prize.
+
+_B._ And shall the world wait for another Buddha?
+So many millions clamor for the truth!
+
+    _With determination._
+
+I hear the call and naught shall hold me back.
+I see my duty and I will obey.
+
+_M._ Wilt thou not stay, my noble Prince Siddhattha?
+The wheel of empire turns, and thee I shall
+Make king of kings to rule the whole broad earth.
+Think of the good which thou wilt do as king!
+And then as king of kings thy mighty power
+Will spread the good religion o'er the world.
+
+_B._ I know thee Mara, tempter, Evil One,
+Prince of this world, I know thy voice, thy meaning.
+The gifts thou offerest are transient treasures,
+And thy dominion is mere vanity.
+I go to found a kingdom in the realm
+Of the immortal state which lasts for aye.
+Thou hinderest and dost not help the truth.
+
+_K._ Thou speakest to the empty air, my Prince,
+For I see no one whom thou thus addressest.
+
+    _CHANNA helps SIDDHATTHA to mount, and while the gate opens
+    leads the horse out of the gate, and KALA enters into the
+    palace. VISAKHA is coming to the front._
+
+_V._ He is gone. He has made room for me. The time will come when this
+kingdom will be mine.
+
+_Y._ [_from the balcony_] Siddhattha! Siddhattha! Where are you? He is
+gone! He has departed into homelessness! [_She faints._]
+
+    [CURTAIN]
+
+
+_FIRST INTERLUDE._
+
+_Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music, as an introduction
+to Act II._
+
+
+1. BEGGING FOOD.
+
+A scene of the Prince's life as a mendicant friar.
+
+A Hindu village, Siddhattha stands bowl in hand before a hut; a woman
+dishes some rice from a kettle into his bowl; villagers, including
+children, stand around gazing at him,--a few with clasped hands.
+
+2. THE KING GREETS THE MENDICANT.
+
+Tradition tells that King Bimbisara, hearing of the noble monk, went
+out to see him and offered him to take part in the government. This
+being refused, the King requested him to visit Rajagaha, the royal
+residence, as soon as Siddhattha had become a Buddha.
+
+Siddhattha is seated under a tree near a brook; the king stands before
+him, surrounded by his retinue.
+
+3 PREACHING TO THE VILLAGERS.
+
+Under the tree in the market place of a Hindu village The Buddha is
+seated in the attitude of a preacher. The villagers stand or squat
+around intently listening.
+
+4. SAVED FROM STARVATION
+
+In company with other monks, Siddhattha sought for a while
+enlightenment by self-mortification.
+
+Being exhausted by severe fasts, the mendicant faints, and Nanda, the
+shepherd's daughter, passing by, refreshes him with rice milk. His
+five disciples at a distance fear that he has given up his quest for
+truth.
+
+
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+FIRST SCENE
+
+[Seven years have elapsed since the first act. A room in the royal
+palace at Magadha]
+
+
+    _Present: NAGADEVA (N), the prime minister, GENERAL SIHA
+    (GS), commander-in-chief of the Magadha forces. Later on the
+    MASTER OF CEREMONIES (MC), KING BIMBISARA (Bb.), a trumpeter
+    and a small body guard._
+
+_N._ It is a joy to serve this mighty king
+Whose power extendeth over many lands.
+In peace he ruleth wisely, and his subjects
+Obey him willingly for he is just.
+In war he swoops upon his enemies
+As doth a hawk upon a helpless chicken,
+Quick in attack, lucky in every fight.
+Indeed he earned his name deservedly,
+The warlike Bimbisara.
+
+_GS._            At his side
+I fought with him in many a doubtful battle
+With all the odds against us, but his daring,
+Joined to a rare instinctive foresight
+By which he could anticipate all dangers,
+Would win the day and ne'er was he defeated!
+In this our latest war he took great risks,
+Might have been taken by his foes, and would
+Have lost his liberty, his throne, his life;
+But venturing much he won, and by exposing
+His own high person in the brunt of battle
+He stirred the courage of his followers
+To do great deeds of valor.
+
+    _MASTER OF CEREMONIES enters with a trumpeter._
+
+_MC._           Noble lords,
+Mis majesty, our royal lord, is coming
+To meet you here in private council.
+
+    _Trumpeter blows a signal._
+
+_GS._ Hail the victorious, warlike Bimbisara!
+
+    _Both kneel as the king enters preceded and followed by a
+    small body guard._
+
+_Bb._ Be greeted noble lords.
+
+_N._ We wish you joy and the continuance of your good fortune.
+
+_Bb._ I have a matter to bespeak with you,
+Far-reaching weighty plans of great importance.
+I wish to be alone with you.
+
+    _Turning to the captain of his body guards._
+
+Captain, have this room guarded by your soldiers.
+The gong shall call you when I need your service.
+
+    _The soldiers march out of the room._
+
+Be seated, my good lords.
+You helped me gain a wondrous victory
+Which proves I have the favor of the gods.
+I probed your skill, your courage and your faith
+And found you both most able and most trusty.
+Therefore you are to me much more than vassals
+And servants of the state; you are my helpers,
+Indeed my friends and nearest to my heart.
+A king needs friends who share his secret thoughts,
+Who stand by him in all vicissitudes,
+Who bear with him responsibilities,
+And above all, who frankly speak the truth.
+I ask you, will you be such friends to me?
+
+_GS._ I will with all my heart.
+
+_N._            And I not less.
+
+_Bb._ I, my dear friends, I promise you in turn
+That I shall not resent your words of truth
+If spoken in good faith with best intentions.
+I may not always follow your advice,
+But you are free to say whate'er you please,
+Whate'er you may deem best for me to know,
+Whate'er will benefit the empire and my people.
+Now listen what I have to say to you.
+I will reveal to you my inmost heart:
+This is an age of greatest expectations;
+Riches accumulate in our cities,
+Commerce and trade are flourishing, and
+Our caravans exchange our native goods
+For gold and precious produce from abroad.
+What India needs is unity of rule.
+The valley of the holy Ganges should
+Be governed by one king, a king of kings.
+There should no longer be a rivalry,
+A clash of interests between the states,
+And all the princes should obey the rule
+Of the one man who guides and guards the whole.
+This therefore is my plan: you Nagadeva
+Must gain the favor of our neighbor kings,
+So as to make them recognize our sway.
+If voluntarily they will submit,
+They shall be welcome as our worthy vassals.
+If they resist (_turning to Siha_) my gallant general
+You must reduce them to subjection.
+A treaty with the rajas in the east,
+In southern and in northern Kosala,
+Speedeth my plans, the Sakyas only
+Defy our sovereign will, and keep aloof.
+If they yield not, their power must be broken!
+There is a task for you and for my army.
+
+_N._ Permit, my noble king, that I advise you.
+I know the Sakya minister of state,
+And he is willing to betray his master.
+The Sakya prince, the only son and heir,
+Siddhattha Gotama he's called by name,
+Went into homelessness and has turned monk,
+Leaving behind his wife and a small son.
+The minister aspireth to the throne,
+And if we help him in his plans, he will
+Acknowledge you as sovereign over him.
+And that will save your army blood and trouble.
+
+_Bb._ What is his name.
+
+_N._          Visakha, noble King.
+
+_Bb._ I wish to see him. Let him visit you
+And as by accident I want to meet him.
+
+_GS._ Allow me, mighty King, a word of warning.
+
+_Bb._ Speak freely.
+
+_GS._
+
+    _With unconcealed indignation, almost entreatingly._
+
+                   Do not listen to a traitor.
+Send me with all the army of the kingdom,
+Bid me lead captive all the Sakyas; do it
+In open fight but not by treachery.
+My King, avoid alliance with Visakha,
+His very breath contaminates. He lowers
+Ourselves to his low level.
+
+_Bb._            Thank you Siha.
+I will be slow. [_Pondering_] But it is too important!
+
+    _Argues with himself._
+
+May I not listen to a traitor's words,
+Nor hear him,--profit by his information?
+
+_GS._ Oh do it not!
+
+_Bb._         Siha, thou art a soldier.
+I honor thee, thou speakest like a soldier,
+But think how much diplomacy will help,
+How many lives and property it saves.
+Without the brutal means of war it will
+Better accomplish all our ends; it spares
+The enemy as well. A prosperous country
+Will serve me better than a city sacked
+And villages destroyed by fire.
+
+_GS._ Pardon, my liege, I do not trust a traitor.
+
+_Bb._ I will be on my guard, but I shall see him,
+'T shall be by way of reconnoitering.
+You in the meantime keep the army ready,
+For one way or another I must conquer
+The Sakya king and make him do my bidding.
+
+    _The King rises indicating that his two counselors are
+    dismissed. They rise also._
+
+The world is growing wider every day
+And our souls broaden with the general progress.
+A new era dawns upon us. Let us all
+Help to mature the fruitage of the times.
+
+
+SECOND SCENE
+
+[The garden before the palace of King SUDDHODANA as in Act I]
+
+
+    _Presents YASODHARA (Y) with her maid GOPA (G) and RAHULA
+    (R)._
+
+_Y._ Repeat that verse once more and then we will stop our lesson.
+
+_R._   With goodness meet an evil deed,
+       With loving kindness conquer wrath,
+       With generosity quench greed,
+       And lies by walking on truth's path.
+
+_Y._ Now you can run about in the garden or play with the Captain's
+son.
+
+_R._ Mother, I do not believe that goodness always works in this life.
+
+_Y._ Why do you think so?
+
+_R._ Because there are very bad boys, so bad that only a whipping will
+cure them.
+
+_Y._ Rahula!
+
+_R._ Truly, mother, truly. Even the gardener says so.
+
+_Y._ You must set the bad boys a good example.
+
+_R._ No use, mother; they remain bad. I have tried it.
+
+_Y._ You must have patience.
+
+_R._ No use, mother; and the gardener says, A viper remains a viper.
+
+_Y._ Even poisonous reptiles can be tamed.
+
+_R._ Yes, but the gardener first pulls their fangs. Would you like me
+to play with a viper?
+
+_Y._ No, my boy.
+
+    _Excitement at the gate. KALA enters and soldiers of the
+    guard surround him._
+
+_R._ What is going on?--O Mother! Kala Udayin is back!
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN (K) appears among the guards.
+    RAHULA runs to the gate._
+
+_R._ Kala! Welcome home! Shake hands!
+
+_K._ Be heartily greeted, my boy.
+
+_R._ Did you see father?
+
+_K._ I did, Rahula.
+
+_R._ Tell me all.
+
+_K._ I will tell mother.
+
+_R._ Come to mother. She has been expecting you for many days.
+
+    _KALA kneels to the Princess._
+
+_Y._ Gopa, take his bundle. [_The maid takes his bundle and carries it
+into the house._] What news do you bring of Prince Siddhattha?
+
+_K._ I followed the Prince from place to place and saw him last near
+Benares in the forest of Uruvela.
+
+_Y._ How is his health, and will he come back?
+
+_K._ His health is probably good, but he does not think of coming
+back--not yet. O my dear lady! If you could see him! he is as thin as
+a skeleton. I could count all his ribs.
+
+_R._ What is the trouble with father.
+
+_K._ He is fasting. He lives on a hempcorn a day; think of it, one
+little hempcorn a day!
+
+_Y._ Oh, he will die! My poor husband. I must follow him and attend to
+his wants. He needs his wife's loving care. I will leave my home and
+follow him.
+
+_K._ Could you help him, princess? He might not like it, and the monks
+abhor women. Moreover, I was told that he takes food again, every
+morning a cup of rice milk. The day I left he looked better. Still, he
+was pretty pale.
+
+_Y._ Tell me all you know of him.
+
+_K._ I went first to Rajagaha, and there I heard wondrous tales about
+the noble monk Gotama. All the people knew about him, they called him
+a "sage" or "muni" and the "Bodhisatta."
+
+_R._ What does that mean, Kala?
+
+_K._ Bodhisatta is the man who seeks the bodhi--and the bodhi is
+enlightenment or Buddhahood.
+
+_Y._ What did the people of Rajagaha say?
+
+_K._ When Prince Siddhattha came to Rajagaha, he created a great
+excitement in the city. Never had been seen a mendicant of such noble
+appearance, and crowds flocked to him. They thought he was a Buddha
+and greeted him as a Buddha; but he said to them "I am not a Buddha;
+I am a Bodhisatta, I seek Buddhahood, and I am determined to find it."
+
+_Y._ Did you meet people who saw him?
+
+_K._ Indeed, I did. They say he looked like a god. The news spread all
+over the capital, and King Bimbisara himself went out with his
+ministers to see the Bodhisatta. King Bimbisara came to the place
+where the stranger stayed--under a forest tree near a brook--and
+greeted him most respectfully saying, "Great monk, remain here with me
+in Rajagaha; I see that you are wise and worthy. Live with me at the
+royal palace. Be my adviser and counselor. You are not made for a
+mendicant. Your hands are fit to hold the reins of empire. Stay here,
+I beg you, and you shall not lack honor and rank." "Nay," replied
+Siddhattha, "let me go my way in quest of enlightenment. I am bent on
+solving the problem of existence, and I will become a Buddha." Said
+the King, "Hear then, great monk. Go in quest of enlightenment, and
+when you have found it come back to Rajagaha."
+
+_Y._ Is King Bimbisara so religious?
+
+_K._ King Bimbisara is ambitious. As is well known, he is a warrior
+and a conqueror; but that is not all. He wants to be the greatest
+monarch of all ages and he would have all the great events happen
+under his rule. This is what he said to the Bodhisatta: "When I was a
+youth I uttered five wishes, and they were these: I prayed, May I be
+crowned King. This wish has been fulfilled. Then I wished, May the
+holy Buddha, the Blessed One, appear on earth while I am King, and may
+he come to my kingdom. This was my second wish, and while I gaze upon
+you I know that it will be fulfilled. Further I wished, May I see the
+blessed Buddha and pay my respects to him. This was my third wish. My
+fourth wish was, May the Blessed One preach the doctrine to me, and my
+fifth and greatest wish was this, May I understand the doctrine. I beg
+you, therefore, great monk, when you have become a Buddha come back
+and preach the doctrine to me and accept me as your disciple."
+
+_Y._ And whither did Siddhattha go from Rajagaha?
+
+_K._ He visited the great philosophers Arada and Udraka, but he found
+no satisfaction in their theories. So he went on to Uruvela where the
+ascetics live. I followed the Bodhisatta and learned that he stayed
+with five disciples in the forest. I found shelter near by in the
+cottage of the chief shepherd, a good old man with a pretty daughter,
+Nanda. There I watched Siddhattha and his disciples from a distance.
+He was the youngest but the wisest of them, and they reverenced him as
+master. He outdid them all in fasting. One day Nanda, the shepherd's
+daughter, saw him faint, and he might have died from exhaustion right
+on the spot if Nanda had not given him rice milk to drink.
+
+_Y._ O good Kala, what shall I do? What shall I do? Here I sit at
+home, a poor, helpless woman, unable to assist him or to take care of
+him! O Kala, advise me, what can I do?
+
+    _KING SUDDHODANA (S) and VISAKHA (V) come out of the palace.
+    The Princess retires into the palace. GOPA hides behind the
+    bushes._
+
+_S._ I am glad to see you back. Have you seen my son?
+
+_K._ I have sire.
+
+_S._ Where did you find him?
+
+_K._ At Uruvela, the place of mortification where saints try to see
+visions and reach a state of bliss.
+
+_V._ And has Siddhattha succeeded?
+
+_K._ It does not seem so; he is starving himself to death.
+
+_V._ Is he dying?
+
+_K._ Not exactly, but I do not see how he can live--on that diet.
+
+_S._ Oh, Visakha, how have I been deprived of my son through a whim!
+
+    _Both return into the palace. VISAKHA comes back._
+
+_V._ It seems that Siddhattha is ruining himself.
+
+_K._ At the rate he is going now, he won't stand it long. He may not
+live another month. It is pitiable. You should have seen him. That
+beautiful young man looks like a consumptive in his last stage. I did
+not dare to tell what I thought. The Princess would not have borne
+the sad news.
+
+_V._ Too bad. It looks pretty hopeless.
+
+_K._ I do not see how the Prince can survive.
+
+_V._ What is the idea of these fasts?
+
+_K._ These pious recluses believe that the self is imprisoned in the
+body and that the senses are the prison gates. They want to liberate
+the soul, and many of them behold visions, but Siddhattha seems to
+doubt whether the saints of Uruvela proceed on the right track. Indeed
+he denies the very existence of the self.
+
+_V._ I know he does. His views should be branded as purely human
+wisdom. As the senses are finger touch, eye touch, ear touch, nose and
+tongue touch, so the mind is to him mere thought touch. He claimed
+that the mind originates through a co-operation of the senses.
+
+_K._ His disciples begin to break away from him.
+
+_V._ That is right. They ought to have done so long ago. I always said
+that Siddhattha is an unbeliever. He spurns faith and relies too much
+on his own observation and reasoning. He will never find
+enlightenment. He is too negative, too nihilistic, and his quest of
+Buddhahood will end in a lamentable failure.
+
+_K._ It would be a pity, sir. He is certainly in earnest to find the
+truth--the real truth, not what the priests say nor the Vedas declare,
+but the truth, provable truth.
+
+_V._ Yes that is his fault. When the king speaks with you tell him
+all, explain the hopelessness of his situation. The king ought to know
+the facts.
+
+    _VISAKHA retires into the palace._
+
+_K._ [_Calls in a low voice_] Gopa, Gopa!
+
+    [_GOPA appears from behind the bush._]
+
+_K._ [_Aside_] I knew she would not be far.
+
+_G._ What do you want?
+
+_K._ I want to have a talk with you.
+
+_G._ Well?
+
+_K._ Let us set our marriage day.
+
+_G._ I do not care to marry you--just yet.
+
+_K._ I want a kiss, Gopa.
+
+_G._ You shan't have it!
+
+_K._ I will leave Kapilavatthu and go back to the Bodhisatta.
+
+_G._ He will tell you that a youth must not kiss a girl.
+
+_K._ That rule holds only for monks.
+
+_G._ Go and turn monk. Then it applies to you.
+
+_K._ The world would die out if everybody turned monk.
+
+_G._ First, you are not everybody, and secondly, would it not be a
+blessing if the whole world would try to be sanctified?
+
+_K._ Pshaw! Mankind consists of different castes and professions, of
+soldiers and merchants, of peasants and artisans and teachers. Mankind
+is like a body with various limbs, a head and hands, feet and chest
+and neck. A man who were head only could not live, and if mankind
+consisted of Buddhas only we would starve. We need a Buddha, but there
+must also be householders. Now quick give me a kiss.
+
+    _She pouts._
+
+_K._ If you do not kiss me I shall go back to the forest of Uruvela.
+Nanda, the shepherd's daughter, is a very pretty girl. She is as
+pretty as you are. She is,--well, her cheeks are rosier than yours.
+She is a little taller, and she is so graceful when she milks the
+kine. The shepherd needs a helper. I am sure he would like to have a
+son-in-law.
+
+    _RAHULA enters._
+
+_R._ Gopa! Mother wants you.
+
+_G._ [_Kisses K. quickly_] Here is a kiss, but you must forget Nanda.
+[_Runs away._]
+
+_K._ Stay a moment longer!
+
+_G._ I have no time. [_Exit._]
+
+_K._ I knew she would come around,--and she is much prettier than
+Nanda. Nanda is a buxom country lass, a pleasant girl, but Gopa is as
+proper as a princess. [_He continues with unction._] Bodhisatta longs
+for the blessed state of Nirvana, and when he has found it, he will be
+calm and without passion. He will walk on earth as a god among men. No
+emotion will disturb the peace of his mind, and the happiness of the
+great Brahma will be as nothing in comparison to the infinite bliss of
+his Buddhahood. [_With a lighter tone_]: I adore him, but I do not
+envy him. I do not long for the happiness of a god. I am a man with
+human faults and human yearnings. I am satisfied with the happiness
+and the sufferings of a man. Since I am assured of Gopa's love, I care
+not for Nirvana. I think that this world is good enough for me.
+
+_V._ [_Looks around like a spy._]
+How peaceful lies this palace, yet I see
+The war clouds lour upon its roofs.
+The storm will break with sudden vehemence upon
+These harmless unsuspecting people. Woe to them,
+Their doom is certain. Desperate resistance
+Succumbs before the overwhelming forces
+Of Bimbisara.--And what will become
+Of poor Yasodhara?--I like her well.
+I might still save her from her people's ruin.
+A princess, sweet and noble, and herself
+Descended from an ancient royal house. But
+I hate that little youngster Rahula.
+Whate'er betide, my deep-laid schemes will speed
+And I shall profit by my master's doom.
+
+    [Music: Chopin's Nocturno. Opus 37, No. 2.]
+
+    [CURTAIN]
+
+
+THIRD SCENE.
+
+[Darkness covers the scene. Distant thunder and lightning. Gradually
+it grows light again and the scene of YASODHARA'S bedroom becomes
+visible. All luxury has been removed; she sleeps on a mat on the
+floor, RAHULA in bed.]
+
+
+_R._ Mother! Mother!
+
+_Y._ Sleep my boy, it is almost midnight.
+
+_R._ Take me up, Mother.
+
+    _YASODHARA picks RAHULA up._
+
+_R._ Why do you sleep on the floor, Mother?
+
+_Y._ Because father does so. Let me lay you down on your couch, you
+must sleep.
+
+_R._ Tell me more of father.
+
+_Y._ I will to-morrow.
+
+_R._ Tell me now. Is father a king?
+
+_Y._ No, my son. But he is going to found a kingdom.
+
+_R._ Will he be king of it?
+
+_Y._ I do not know, my boy, but his kingdom will not be like other
+kingdoms. It will be the kingdom of truth--a spiritual kingdom, a
+kingdom of righteousness.
+
+_R._ Is father rich?
+
+_Y._ He scorns riches.
+
+_R._ Why does he?
+
+_Y._ He seeks other riches, the riches of religion, of the mind, of
+spirit.
+
+_R._ Did he find them?
+
+_Y._ I believe he did.
+
+_R._ He sends you news through Kala Udayin.
+
+_Y._ No, Rahula, I send Kala Udayin out to watch him and when Kala
+comes back he tells me what he saw and heard. Kala does not speak to
+father.
+
+_R._ Why does Kala not speak to father?
+
+_Y._ Grandfather forbade him. When we sent out Devadatta and Ananda,
+they became attached to the life of a hermit. They joined father and
+did not come back; but Kala will not turn monk.
+
+_R._ But this time he will speak to father.
+
+_Y._ How do you know?
+
+_R._ I heard grandfather bid him to.
+
+_Y._ What did he bid him?
+
+_R._ He bade Kala that he should tell father to visit us.
+
+    _She can scarcely conceal her joy._
+
+_Y._ You heard grandfather say so?
+
+_R._ I did, mother; grandfather said that he became old, and before he
+died he wanted to see his son again.
+
+_Y._ Why! did he really say so?
+
+_R._ He did.
+
+_Y._ Oh you darling son, then you will see him, too.
+
+_R._ People say that he will be a Buddha.
+
+_Y._ Yes, my son, some say he will be a Buddha and others doubt it.
+
+_R._ Mother, what is a Buddha?
+
+_Y._ A Buddha is a man who has found the truth.
+
+_R._ How does a man find the truth?
+
+_Y._ By enlightenment. He must find out the cause of evil.
+
+_R._ Why must he find out the cause of evil?
+
+_Y._ He teaches the people how to avoid evil.
+
+_R._ Has father found the cause of evil?
+
+_Y._ Kala Udayin says he has.
+
+_R._ What is the cause of evil?
+
+_Y._ Father says that selfishness is the cause of evil and selfishness
+comes from the belief in self.
+
+_R._ Self?
+
+_Y._ Yes, self! Man, as a rule, believes that he is a self.
+
+_R._ What? A self?
+
+_Y._ Yes, a being by himself, who lives only for himself, and the
+thought of self makes him selfish; and selfishness begets all evils.
+
+_R._ [_with a childlike serious conviction_] I believe it, mother.
+
+_Y_. Father says there is no self, that self is an illusion.
+
+_R._ What does that mean?
+
+_Y._ It means that we are not separate beings. I think a thought and
+speak it out and you hear it. I believe in that thought and so do you.
+Whose is it then, yours or mine?
+
+_R._ It belongs to both.
+
+_Y._ But where does the thought come from? If it is true it belongs to
+the truth, and it was true before I thought it.
+
+_R._ Yes, mother.
+
+_Y._ And if it was wrong, it is evil, and it was evil before we
+thought it.
+
+_R._ Yes, mother.
+
+_Y._ And so are all our thoughts, but almost everybody assumes that
+his self thinks these thoughts and invents them; and that is an
+illusion.
+
+_R._ I see.
+
+_Y._ [_to herself_] His eyes close. He is tired. [TO RAHULA] Now go to
+sleep again, Rahula, and dream of your father. I will sing you one of
+father's songs.
+
+    _YASODHARA lays RAHULA down in the high bed and sings:_
+
+    By ourselves is evil done,
+    By ourselves we pain endure.
+    By ourselves we cease from wrong,
+    By ourselves become we pure.
+    No one saves us but ourselves,
+    No one can and no one may.
+    We ourselves must walk the path,
+    Buddhas merely teach the way.
+
+    _The boy sleeps. Then YASODHARA herself lies down on the mat
+    on the floor. Above her appears the vision of her dream.
+    Under the Bodhi tree in a forest landscape SIDDHATTHA sits.
+    He is surrounded by a halo of light. MARA approaches to tempt
+    him._
+
+_M._ Thou art ahungered, worthy Sakyamuni,
+Ahungered art thou from continued fasts,
+And thou wilt starve unless thou take and eat.
+I bring delicious food, take, eat and live.
+
+_B._ I shall not eat until my quest be done.
+Much better 'tis to die in glorious battle
+Than flee and lead a coward's life, defeated.
+I shall not eat, O Mara, take thee hence.
+
+_M._ Wilt thou not listen to my good advice?
+
+_B._ The tempter always calls his councils good,
+But pleasures which he promises are evil.
+
+_M._ I will not suffer thee to stay, Siddhattha,
+And shall disturb thy daring quest of truth.
+I'll split the Bodhi tree by lightning
+And frighten thee away with rumbling thunder.
+
+    _All is wrapped in darkness, except SIDDHATTHA and the Bohdi
+    tree. Thunder and lightning. After a while the noise abates.
+    It grows light again. MARA'S daughters appear._
+
+_M._ Go forth my daughters, tempt the holy man,
+And lure him from the seat of Buddahood.
+
+    _Three graceful women, MARA'S daughters, sing in a low
+    enticing voice._
+
+[Melody: The Mermaids' Song from Weber's Oberon.]
+
+Sweetest on earth 'tis in pleasure to live,
+Love thou must ask for, and love thou must give.
+Pain we can soothe and assuage every smart,
+Yea, we will grant thee the wish of thy heart.
+Power bestow we, enjoyment and mirth,
+Health and wealth also, and all that has worth.
+Lo, of life's happiness naught shalt thou miss,
+Satisfied longings are greatest of bliss.
+
+    _While they sing they circle around the Bodhi tree and pose
+    in graceful attitudes._
+
+[Siddhattha does not mind Mara's daughters. They withdraw, and
+grotesque monsters appear in threatening attitudes, exhibiting a
+savage war dance, always approaching the tree and turning their
+weapons against the Sakyamuni, but as soon as they approach the halo
+they droop, unable to hurt him. Lotus flowers rain down. Sakyamuni
+raises his right hand. A flash of lightning and a sudden clap of
+thunder. The spook vanishes in darkness while the Buddha under the
+Bodhi tree alone remains visible in a halo of light. The forest
+landscape reappears in full light as before.]
+
+_B._ The wheel of life turns round through birth and death,
+Its twelve-linked chain of causes takes its start
+In ignorance and ends in suffering.
+The truth is found, the fourfold noble truth;
+All life is sorrow, sorrow's cause is lust,
+But from our sorrow we can escape
+If we abandon lust and thought of self.
+The eightfold noble path of righteousness
+Delivers from all evil: it will bring
+Sweet peace of mind and leadeth to Nirvana.
+
+    [With music accompaniment]
+
+    Through many births I sought in vain
+    The builder of this house of pain.
+    Now, builder, thee I plainly see!
+    This is the last abode for me.
+    Thy gable's yoke, thy rafters broke,
+    My heart has peace; all lust will cease.
+
+[The following words fit exactly the music of Haydn's Chorus with Soli
+No. 13[B] in The Creation, and the spirit of the composition is very
+appropriate for this scene]
+
+[Footnote B: Peters' Edition, pp 44-55 "Die Himmel erzahlen, etc." In
+a few places where the fugas set in, the words "The wicked Mara's
+host" should read "The wicked one's,--the wicked Mara's host," etc.]
+
+    _Chorus of Angels._
+
+    Behold the great muni,
+    His heart unmoved by hatred,
+    The wicked Mara's host
+    'Gainst him did not prevail.
+
+    _Trio of BRAHMA VISHNU SHIVA._
+
+    Victorious Buddha
+    Thou art wise and pure,
+    The darkness is gone
+    And enlightenment gained.
+
+    _Chorus of Angels as above._
+
+    Proclaim the truth
+    To all the world.
+    Truth will bring salvation.
+    Glory to the truth!
+
+    _Chorus of Angels as above._
+
+[Lotus flowers rain down thicker and thicker, clouds cover the scene,
+but the Buddha under the Bodhi tree remains still dimly but
+sufficiently visible.]
+
+    _YASODHARA wakes up. She rises and lights a candle from a
+    rush lamp. She kneels with clasped hands before the vision of
+    the BUDDHA._
+
+_Y._ Oh Siddhattha, my Lord and Husband, no longer my Husband, but the
+Buddha. In thee I take my refuge. In thee and thy word, I believe. Thy
+doctrine shall guide me. Accept me as thy faithful disciple, a
+disciple of the Buddha, my Lord, the Tathagata, the great thinker, the
+Saviour of mankind.
+
+    [CURTAIN.]
+
+
+_SECOND INTERLUDE_.
+
+_Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music to introduce the
+Third Act._
+
+
+1. THE FOUNDATION OF THE KINGDOM OF RIGHTEOUSNESS.
+
+Buddha preaches to his five disciples the way of salvation, which
+speech, preserved in a special book, is frequently compared to
+Christ's Sermon on the Mount.
+
+Buddha stands with raised hand, while five monks stand or sit or squat
+around him in devout attitude.
+
+2. ENTERING THE CAPITAL.
+
+When Buddha came to Rajagaha, the people met him on the way and
+accompanied him into the city in triumphal procession which is
+analogous to Christ's entry into Jerusalem.
+
+The Buddha with bowl in one hand and staff in the other is followed by
+yellow-robed monks. The people strew flowers, carry palm branches and
+wave kerchiefs.
+
+3. THE COURTESAN.
+
+Ambapali, the Buddhist Mary Magdalen, came to Buddha, worshiping him
+and invited him to take his meal at her home. To the astonishment of
+several moralists, he accepted and honored the penitent sinner.
+
+A beautifully dressed woman with clasped hands kneels before Buddha, a
+maid in attendance behind her. Some well dressed people of high caste
+watch the scene with an expression of indignation.
+
+4. THE PHILANTHROPIST.
+
+The wealthiest man of Savatthi invites the Buddha to his home and
+offers to build a resthouse for the Buddha and his brotherhood.
+
+Anatha Pindika kneels before the Buddha, holding in one hand the
+picture and plan of a building. Buddha indicates by his lowered hand
+acceptance of the gift. Buddha attended by two monks, Anatha Pindika
+accompanied by the architect.
+
+5. PRINCE JETA.
+
+It is told that the most beautiful spot in Savatthi was the royal park
+of Prince Jeta, which Anatha Pindika wanted to buy for the brotherhood
+of Buddha. The owner was unwilling to sell and made the exorbitant
+demand to have the whole ground covered with gold as its price. But
+Anatha Pindika had the gold carried to the garden and paid the price.
+
+The scene is laid in the garden. Anatha Pindika with bags of gold
+stands in commanding attitude. His servants spread the coins while
+Prince Jeta throws up his hands in astonishment.
+
+(Anatha Pindika is not the real name of the founder of the Jetavana.
+The name means, "[He who gives to] the indigent, alms.")
+
+
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+FIRST SCENE
+
+[A Brahman temple with a statue of Durga; before the idol an altar. In
+the background a landscape with farms and a sheep-fold.]
+
+
+    _Enter from the right GENERAL SIHA (GS.) with a CAPTAIN (C)
+    and some soldiers._
+
+_GS._ Pitch the tents on the slope of yonder hill where that farmhouse
+stands.
+
+_C._ It shall be done, my general.
+
+_GS._ What crowd is gathered there with flags and flowers?
+
+_C._ It is the farmer's family led by the village priest, and
+neighbors flock around to swell their number.
+
+_GS._ The priest handles a big knife that flashes in the sun. I see
+his hands are stained with gore. They seem to celebrate a feast in
+honor of a god.
+
+_C._ The villagers inform me that the occasion of it is sad. One of
+the farmer's children died of late, and others being sick the father
+invokes the goddess Kali to preserve the rest of his family. They are
+arrayed for a procession and having offered a young sheep at the altar
+of the homestead they have started out. See how the crowd are wending
+their way hither to the temple.
+
+    _GENERAL SIHA looks around and contemplates the scenery, then
+    turns to the CAPTAIN._
+
+_GS._ Now pitch the tents before the sun goes down.
+
+    _In the meantime, the BUDDHA enters with two disciples. They
+    sit down under a tree. The Captain bows to them reverently
+    and leaves the stage._
+
+_GS._ Greetings to you, holy monks.
+
+_B._ Peace be with thee, and may thy sword ne'er reek with blood.
+
+_GS._ I draw the sword for my king, for my country and for the
+restoration of order where enemies or rebels have disturbed it.
+
+_B._ Thou lookst courageous and thy very words
+Possess a ring of simple honesty.
+
+_GS._ I serve a mighty king who means to do the right. He prefers to
+establish his rule by treaty and spares an enemy who sues for peace.
+
+_B._ Thou speakst of Bimbisara, King of Magadha?
+
+_GS._ Indeed I speak of the great Bimbisara, and he is born to sway
+the world. My sympathy and my allegiance go with him. I am Siha, his
+general.
+
+_B._ Thy name is known throughout the Indian lands.
+
+_GS._ When I chose my profession I prayed to the gods that they would
+never let it be my lot to fight for any unjust cause.
+
+_B._ Let this thy prayer be a sacred vow
+Which thou wilt keep inviolate. Our fate,
+Or say the gods, create conditions; but thou
+Thyself must act. Thou art responsible,
+Thou shapest thine own life, and not the gods.
+
+_GS._ Thy words please me! What is thy doctrine, venerable monk?
+
+_B._ I teach the middle way between extremes.
+Neither mortifications of the body
+Nor self-indulgence should be practised.
+We must make up our minds and walk
+On the eightfold noble path of righteousness.
+
+_GS._ Who art thou, wondrous monk? Thy doctrine is so plain, and so
+convincing that I grant thou speakest truth. The people ought to know
+thee and accept thy creed. Who art thou?
+
+_B._ Born of the Sakya race, they call me Sakyamuni.
+
+_GS._ Blessed be this day on which I meet the greatest man of our age.
+I heard of thee from the Nirgranthas, thine own enemies, the rival
+sect of thy new order, and they say that thou deniest the soul, thou
+teachest extinction, thou leadest man to non-existence, and that
+Nirvana is with thee an empty naught--annihilation.--Is that true?
+
+_B._ I teach extinction, noble general,
+Of hatred, greed, and lust, but I insist
+On doing what is right and just and good;
+On doing resolutely what we do,
+On searching for the truth, on setting up
+Its lamp and following its holy light.
+Nirvana is attained when passions are
+Extinct and when the heart is blessed with peace.
+
+_GS._ Thou art more than a mortal, holy man. Auspicious
+is this day on which I've met thee. The people call
+thee Buddha, perhaps rightly so! A feeling of deep
+reverence comes over me and the truth dawns on
+me. Truly thou art the teacher of the world. If
+thy doctrine impressed the people a new era would
+begin, an era in which mankind would be wiser and
+nobler, happier and better.
+
+[Barbaric music is heard behind the stage, the drum being prominent.]
+
+_Voices behind the stage:_ Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+
+_GS._ Behold how wretched are these people in their ignorance.
+
+_B._ They must be taught and they will learn the truth.
+
+[The procession enters. A small band of musicians comes with primitive
+instruments, among them drums. They are followed first by dancers,
+then by a priest (_Pr._) flourishing in his bloody hand a large knife.
+By his side walks a shepherd carrying a lamb. Behind them the farmer's
+(_F._) family and other people]
+
+_GS._ What horrible sounds! And the crowd behave like madmen.
+
+_Pr._ Maha Kali!
+
+_Crowd._ Kali Ma!
+
+_Pr._ Goddess of the black countenance! Great Black Mother!
+
+_Crowd._ Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+Maha Kali! Kali Ma!
+
+[The priest steps to the altar; the crowd kneels in a large circle. At
+the priest's signal the farmer approaches the altar and kneels. His
+behavior betrays superstitious timidity and great awkwardness. The
+shepherd exhibits the lamb first to the priest and then to the dancers
+who in fantastic dancing step advance and retreat while the music
+plays. Finally the lamb is placed on the altar.]
+
+_Pr._ Have Mercy on us! Slay the demon of disease.
+Keep away Yama the horrible one, the god of Death.
+
+_Crowd._ Kali Ma, have mercy on us!
+
+_Pr._ Thou art Parvati, the wife of Siva. Thou hast conquered the
+    giant Durga, the evil one, and now thyself art called the goddess
+    Durga.
+Thou art Mahishamardini, the slayer of Mahisha.
+Thou art Kalaratri, Nightly Darkness, abyss of all mysteries.
+Thou art Jagaddhatri, mother of the world.
+Thou art Jagadgauri, renowned throughout the  world.
+Thou art Katyayina, refulgent with a thousand suns.
+Thou art Singhavahini, seated on a lion thou wonest victory over
+    Raktavija, leader of the giants' army.
+Great Mother of Life, accept our offering, the blood of this lamb.
+
+_Crowd._ Maha Kali, accept our offering!
+Kali Ma, accept our offering!
+Kali Durga, great Goddess, accept our offering!
+
+    _The priest turns toward the lamb and raises his knife.
+    BUDDHA steps to the altar and places his hand gently upon the
+    priest's arm._
+
+_B._ Hold!
+
+_Pr._     Meddler!
+
+_B._        Pause before thou sheddest blood.
+
+_Pr._ How dar'st thou rudely interfere, strange monk,
+With our most sacred sacrifice? This lamb
+Is offered to the goddess. Thou disturbest
+Our holy ritual.
+
+    _He lifts his knife against BUDDHA, but SIHA draws his sword
+    and knocks the knife out of the priest's hand._
+
+_GS._       Keep peace, bold priest!
+
+_Pr._ The vengeance of the gods will be upon you.
+
+_B._ If there be gods they must be potent, noble,
+And great and holy; and if the gods are holy,
+They do not need the offering of a victim,
+They do not want the life of this poor trembling lamb.
+
+_Pr._ The gods are kind; they take the lamb in place of this poor
+stricken man. We must do penance for his sins, for the sins of his
+wife, for the sins of his children.
+
+_Farmer._ I crave forgiveness for the sins for which my dear good
+child has had to die.
+
+_Pr._ His sins are great and nothing can wash them away but blood.
+
+_B._ Herein thou errest, priest. Blood does not cleanse.
+It washes not away the stain of sin;
+The slaughter of a victim heaps but guilt
+On guilt, and does not right a wrong. Rise,
+Rise, my good friend. Take comfort!
+
+    _The farmer rises._
+
+                     Be a man.
+
+    _The others rise gradually._
+
+_F._ What shall I do, good master?
+
+_B._ Right all the wrongs thou didst and sin no more.
+
+_Pr._ This lamb was given to the goddess. It is mine.
+
+_GS._ Are you the steward of the goddess' property?
+
+    _SIHA steps close to the priest who retires step by step and
+    finally hurries off the stage._
+
+Come, shepherd, take the frightened lambkin up
+And bear it to its mother in the fold.
+
+[The shepherd takes up the lamb and stands ready to carry it away. The
+musicians slink away. The lambbearers and the people walk off in
+procession, followed by the Buddha with his disciples. General Siha
+remains alone on the stage. A trumpet call at a short distance and
+another one close by.]
+
+_GS._ What does that signal mean?
+
+    _An officer accompanied by a trumpeter enters. A third
+    trumpet call on the stage. The officer delivers a letter._
+
+_Officer._ A dispatch from his majesty Bimbisara to his faithful and
+most noble general, Siha.
+
+_GS._   _Breaks the seal and reads to himself._
+
+"The Sakyas are a stubborn little nation. Their institutions are free;
+their laws differ from those of the other surrounding states. These
+people are a source of discontent and revolution, and are a sore in my
+eye. Therefore, the Sakyas must be crushed, even if they sue for
+peace. Keep the army near the border and be ready for a sudden
+attack."
+
+    _With an expression of grief._
+
+War is unavoidable and I am to be the means by which the Sakyas will
+be wiped off the earth. It is my duty, for the King commands it. A
+soldier should not argue, he obeys.
+
+    _Draws his sword and looks at it._
+
+This sword is consecrated to the service of my king.
+Never have I drawn it except in honest fight.
+
+    _Lost in contemplation._
+
+Is Sakyamuni the Buddha?--Is he truly the Buddha?
+Buddhas are wise; Buddhas are omniscient; Buddhas foresee the
+    future.--
+Is Sakyamuni truly the Buddha?--I believe he is.
+And if he is the Buddha, is it right to wage a war against his
+    people?--What shall I do?
+Oh, ye gods, teach me my duty!
+Oh, ye gods, may it not be my lot to fight for an unrighteous cause!
+Cursed be the sword that sheds innocent blood.
+
+
+SECOND SCENE.
+
+                  [Bimbisara's court at Rajagaha]
+
+
+    _Present: KING BIMBISARA (Bb.), VISAKHA (V), and NAGADEVA
+    (N)._
+
+_V._ The Sakyas will make a hard fight, great King, and the war will
+cost blood. These northern settlers are taller and stronger than other
+races and possess the courage of the inhabitants of their former
+frigid homes. It would be easier to take possession of their state if
+I married Princess Yasodhara and gradually assumed the government
+under your protection. Your mighty friendship would support me on the
+throne and you could rule through me.
+
+_Bb._ That sounds acceptable, but in the meantime, I prepare for war.
+
+_V._ Even in war I shall be of service to you. I can lead your army
+where it will not meet with resistance, and I know the names of those
+who are dissatisfied. Many could be induced to join your forces; and I
+can betray the very person of the raja into your hands.
+
+_Bb._   _Nodding kindly to VISAKHA, then turning to
+NAGADEVA._
+
+Is our kingdom in readiness?
+
+_N._ Great King, it is. General Siha stands in the field with a strong
+force ready to strike. There are another fifty thousand within call to
+make a sudden dash upon any of our neighbors should they dare come to
+the aid of Sakya. Our treasury is well filled, and the people of
+Magadha are prosperous. We could stand even a protracted war far
+better than any other state in India.
+
+_Bb._ The time seems favorable; the risk is small, and the spoil will
+be great. Convene my generals in the assembly hall.
+
+    _They bow low and pass out. AMBAPALI (Ap.) enters._
+
+_Ap._ Are they gone, my Lord, and what did you decide?
+
+_Bb._ I propose to go to war.
+
+_Ap._ You are rightly called "the Warlike."
+
+_Bb._ I want to round off my kingdom and expand my power northward
+until it reaches the Himalayas.
+
+_Ap._ The gods will speed you and the blessings of the saints shall be
+upon your people.
+
+    _Servant enters._
+
+_St._ There is a holy man who wants to see your Highness. His name is
+Devadatta.
+
+_Bb._ Show him in.
+
+    _Servant exit._
+
+_Ap._ Is he not one of the disciples of the Buddha?
+
+_Bb._ I believe he is.
+
+    _AMBAPALI retires._
+
+    _DEVADATTA enters._
+
+_Dd._ Hail, great King! Protector of religion and victor of many
+battles!
+
+_Bb._ What brings you to my presence? I always rejoice to see holy
+men. Their coming is auspicious, and I am happy to be of service to
+them.
+
+_Dd._ Great King, I implore your assistance for the brotherhood which
+I have founded. We need your royal support and the holiness of our
+lives will surround you as a halo with heavenly protection.
+
+_Bb._ Are you not a disciple of Gotama, who is called the Buddha?
+
+_Dd._ No longer, mighty King, I was his disciple so long as I believed
+in him; but he is not holy. I have abandoned him. He is not austere;
+his disciples do not practise self-mortifications, and he speaks
+kindly and dines with sinners. My disciples do not dress in worldly
+garments; they would not accept the invitation of women; they would
+not touch animal food. He who calls himself the Buddha is unworthy of
+that high title; he is a pretender who has not reached the highest
+goal. My rules are much more strict than his, and my brotherhood alone
+is holy.
+
+_Bb._ Holiness is a mighty thing.
+
+_Dd._ Yea, and our vows will shield your government, your throne, your
+army and your people against any misfortune.
+
+_Bb._ I shall send my treasurer to investigate and will do what is
+right.
+
+_Dd._ Maharaja, be assured of my deepest gratitude.
+
+    _Bows low, exit._
+
+_Ap._ [_re-enters, excited_] My royal friend, do not trust that man
+[_pointing toward the door where DEVADATTA went out_]. He is false. He
+may be holy, but he is treacherous. He may be virtuous; he may shun
+joy and the blessings of life, he may practise all penances, he may
+torture and mortify his body. But there is no true goodwill in him.
+His holiness is egotistic, and his religion is hypocrisy. Support his
+brotherhood with money or gifts as you see fit, but do not believe
+what he says about the Buddha.
+
+_Bb._ [_With an inquiring look_] Why?
+
+_Ap._ I know what he meant when he scoffed at him. When the Buddha
+stayed at Vesali, I invited that noblest of all monks to take his meal
+with me. I am not holy; I am a worldly woman; I am not a saint; but I
+have a warm heart, I feel for others and I want to do what is right.
+When I heard that the Buddha stayed in the mango grove, I thought to
+myself, I will go and see him. If he is truly all-wise, he will judge
+my heart and he will judge me in mercy. He will know my needs and will
+not refuse me. I went to the mango grove and he looked upon me with
+compassion; he accepted my invitation in the presence of witnesses,
+openly, fearlessly, and in kindness. There were the proud Licchavi
+princes, and close to him stood the envious Devadatta. How they
+scowled; how they condemned the great and kindly saint! How they
+whispered, "Shame on him!" and I saw how they despised me--yet they
+did not dare to speak out or to censure him publicly. Then, my
+gracious King, I knew that he was truly the Lord Buddha, the Allwise.
+
+_Bb._ My dear friend, I accept every word you say as true. I know the
+goodness of your heart, I know your worth, your loving kindness, and
+if you were of royal birth you would be worthy to wear a crown. The
+Buddha did not demean himself when he honored you.
+
+_Ap._ Allow me one question. Did the Buddha ever beg you to support
+his brotherhood?
+
+_Bb._ No, he did not; but I will give him all the assistance he may
+need.
+
+_Ap._ Did he ever offer you the support of his vows, or did he ever
+praise the efficacy of his holiness?
+
+_Bb._ He never did.
+
+_Ap._ Neither does he stand in need of self-recommendation, for his
+very presence is a blessing, because he spreads goodwill and
+kindliness, and the people who hear him are ashamed of doing anything
+unrighteous. Devadatta extends to you the promise, if you but support
+his disciples, of an unconditional protection through his holiness.
+The Buddha's protection is not so cheaply earned. I heard him say that
+every one must protect himself by his own righteousness, and no
+prayer, no sacrifice, no religious devotion, nor even penance or fasts
+could protect a man from the wrongs which he does.
+
+_Bb._ The Buddha's presence would be more auspicious than ten
+Devadattas.
+
+_Ap._ Oh, most assuredly! And what a contempt I have for the virtuous
+indignation of men who, overmoral themselves, judge haughtily of
+others; yet, if you look into their souls you discover that they are
+heartless and self-seeking villains.
+
+_Bb._ Your judgment is well grounded.
+
+_Ap._ The Buddha alone possesses greatness, and the Buddha does not
+seek honor, but the people adore him.
+
+_Bb._ Rajagaha must become the center of India. I will send for the
+Buddha and invite him to visit me. His sojourn here will make the
+kingdom of Magadha more famous than conquests and victories.
+
+    _The servant enters._
+
+_St._ Mighty King, the prime minister Nagadeva.
+
+_Bb._ He is welcome. Fare thee well, sweet heart; affairs of state
+call me.
+
+_N._ Mighty King, the generals are assembled. They hail thee as their
+war lord, and are anxious for laurels, for glory, for booty!
+
+    [TRUMPETS, CURTAIN.]
+
+
+_THIRD INTERLUDE._
+
+_Living pictures accompanied by appropriate music._
+
+
+1. SENDING OUT THE DISCIPLES.
+
+The Buddha called his disciples together, and having ordained them,
+bade them spread the Gospel, with these words translated from the
+Buddhist Canon:
+
+"Go ye now, O disciples, and wander forth for the benefit of the many,
+for the welfare of mankind, out of compassion for the world. Preach
+the doctrine which is glorious in the beginning, glorious in the
+middle, and glorious in the end, in the spirit as well as in the
+letter. There are beings whose eyes are scarcely covered with dust,
+but if the doctrine is not preached to them they cannot attain
+salvation. Proclaim to them a life of holiness. They will understand
+the doctrine and accept it."
+
+The Pali expression _kalyamo dhamma_ is here translated "glorious
+doctrine." The dictionary defines the first word as "excellent,
+beautiful, glorious." This closely corresponds to the Christian term,
+which, as derived from the Greek, reads "evangel" and in its Saxon
+equivalent "gospel" or "good tidings."
+
+2. THE RICH YOUTH.
+
+Yasa, the son of a wealthy nobleman of Benares, came by night to the
+Blessed One and exclaimed: "What misery!" But the Buddha answered,
+"There is no misery for him who has entered the Path."
+
+Yasa, richly dressed, with an expression of distress, before the
+Buddha who comforts him. The scene is framed in darkness, the two
+figures being lit up by a torch.
+
+3. A CHILD'S OFFERING.
+
+Old frescoes in the Ajanta Caves show a mother sending a gift through
+her child. It looks as if they were Buddhist illustrations of Christ's
+injunction, "Suffer little children to come unto me."
+
+
+
+
+ACT IV.
+
+FIRST SCENE
+
+[A room in the Jetavana. The wheel of the law pictured on one side and
+the wheel of becoming on the other. Otherwise swastikas and lotus
+flowers serve as ornaments. A large opening exhibits a view into a
+garden with running water. On the right side there is a platform with
+low seats, on the other there is a low table with a divan, on which
+Anatha Pindika is seated, looking over palmleaf manuscripts.]
+
+
+    _Present: ANATHA PINDIKA (A); Servant (St.); PRINCE JETA (J);
+    later on KALA UDAYIN (K) and the BUDDHA (B)._
+
+    _A servant enters._
+
+_St._ His Highness the Prince Jeta.
+
+_A._ Show him in.
+
+    _JETA enters. A. rises to meet him with bows._
+
+You are most welcome, my Prince.
+
+_J._ I have come from my brother, the King, to express to you his
+thanks for having bought my pleasure grounds for the noble and great
+purpose of affording a worthy resthouse to the Buddha and his
+brotherhood.
+
+_A._ Kindly tender my gratitude to your royal brother for his gracious
+message.
+
+_J._ I hear that King Bimbisara has sent an embassy to the Buddha to
+induce him to come back to Rajagaha. Has the Buddha received these
+men?
+
+_A._ Not yet. He will see them this morning.
+
+_J._ We ought to keep him here. He is a wonderful man, and I consider
+our city fortunate to have him reside with us. What astonishes me is
+his way of conquering the hearts of all men, even of his opponents,
+and he is so sensible.
+
+_A._ What do you mean?
+
+_J._ I am not a religious man; I am too worldly, but him I would
+follow.
+
+_A._ Why?
+
+_J._ He is perhaps the only religious reformer who does not go to
+extremes. He rejects on the one hand austerities, self-mortifications,
+penances, and severe fasts as useless, and on the other hand, he would
+not allow his followers to indulge in pleasures; but he insists most
+sensibly on keeping between the two extremes and proclaims the middle
+path of leading a righteous life. There is nothing absurd about him.
+Think of Devadatta. He insists that the monks should dress in rags
+picked up in cemeteries. The Buddha appeals to common sense, and
+therefore I say, he is a wonderful man.
+
+_A._ He is more than a man; he is enlightenment incarnate.
+
+A stream of blessings goes out from him.
+
+_J._ He has grown into an international power, and kings do well not
+to ignore his influence.
+
+_A._ I think so myself, and I am so glad that his influence is always
+for good, never for evil, and his ways are so marvelously gentle.
+
+_J._ Indeed that is a blessing. If he were not so absolutely
+indifferent to his own affairs he might become positively dangerous.
+His lay disciples count in thousands of thousands. The farmers in the
+country, the merchants in the towns, the lawyers, the artisans, and
+even the soldiers believe in him. Lately General Siha became a lay
+member of the Buddha's brotherhood, and many other prominent officers
+followed his example.
+
+_A._ He would never have gained this influence if he were not truly
+the Buddha.
+
+_J._ I want to tell you that a war is threatening, but please do not
+speak of it, it is a deep secret. A spy in the secret service of my
+royal brother has found out that King Bimbisara intends to fall upon
+the Sakyas and deprive them of their independence. The Brahman
+Visakha, minister of state, has turned traitor and promises to deliver
+his country into the hands of King Bimbisara on the condition that he
+be made Raja in Suddhodana's place.
+
+_A._ The country of the Sakyas is but small, and their independence
+will not last long; it is a mere question of time.
+
+_J._ But consider that the Buddha hails from Kapilavatthu. He is the
+son of Suddhodana, the Sakya raja.
+
+_A._ Indeed he is and may I be permitted to inform him of the danger
+that threatens his father's house?
+
+_J._ I give you full liberty, for he will use discretion and not
+betray his informant. I deem Bimbisara's plan dangerous to himself. A
+war with the Sakyas may cost Bimbisara his throne, for the people of
+Rajagaha believe in the Buddha, and I learn that even now the war
+rumors have made them restless.
+
+    _Servant (St.) enters._
+
+_St._ Here is a man with the name Kala Udayin, who has a message for
+the Blessed One.
+
+_A._ Show him in.
+
+_J._ I leave you now and hope that you will keep the Buddha as long as
+possible in Savatthi.
+
+    _Exit._
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN enters and bows to ANATHA PINDIKA._
+
+_A._ You want to see the Blessed One? I will call him.
+
+    _ANATHA PINDIKA exit._
+
+_K._ [_Alone_] This is the place where Prince Siddhattha lives! Indeed
+a most delightful spot and more pleasant than many a royal palace. And
+how the people speak of him! They call him the Blessed One, the
+Buddha, the Tathagata, the Sakyamuni, the great Sage. The wealthiest
+man of Kosala has bought these extensive and most beautiful grounds
+and presented them to the brotherhood of his disciples, so that the
+Buddha would stay here from time to time, and that the people of the
+city would have him for their guest.
+
+    _BUDDHA accompanied by ANATHA PINDIKA comes in. He is
+    followed by two disciples. The BUDDHA sits down on the seat
+    on the platform, having on either hand one of his disciples.
+    ANATHA PINDIKA stands below with clasped hands._
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN sinks to his knees with clasped hands._
+
+_B._ My friend, what brings you here?
+
+_K._ A message from your royal father: He bade me tell you that he is
+growing old, and before he dies, he wants to see his son once more.
+Would you deign to accept his invitation?
+
+_B._ Tell me, my friend, how is my father? Is old age truly telling on
+him?
+
+_K._ Not yet so visibly, but he worries much.
+
+_B._ And how is Rahula? He is now seven years old and must be quite a
+boy.
+
+_K._ He is, my Lord; and how he talks of his father. He knows
+everything you are doing.
+
+_B._ Who tells him?
+
+_K._ His mother does.
+
+_B._ And tell me how the princess fares?
+
+_K._ She imposes upon herself the observances which the mendicant
+friars keep. She will have no preference over him who once was her
+husband. She sleeps on the floor, she does no longer use unguents or
+perfumes. She wears a simple yellow robe and observes the regulation
+of the brotherhood in taking food.
+
+    _The BUDDHA nods and with a distant look sits a few moments
+    in silence._
+
+_B._ And she is a good mother?
+
+_K._ There could be no better.
+
+_St._ [_announces_] An embassy of the most potent King of Magadha, the
+great Bimbisara.
+
+_B._ [_Addressing himself to the servant_] Let them come in, [_turning
+to K._] Kala Udayin, bring my father greetings, and say that I shall
+come.
+
+    _KALA UDAYIN exit._
+
+    _A number of men, the embassy of King BIMBISARA, led by
+    NAGADEVA, most gorgeously dressed, file in. They let
+    themselves down on one knee, clasp their hands and rise
+    again._
+
+_N._ Most gracious Lord, all-wise and blessed Buddha,
+Our noble sov'reign bids me tender you
+His most respectful greetings, and he hopes
+That you return and visit Rajagaha,
+For he is very anxious to be honored
+By your auspicious presence in his kingdom.
+
+_B._ My Lords, express to your most mighty King
+That the Tathagata can not accept
+This friendly invitation, for he will
+Start for his home, the country of the Sakyas,
+To see his aged father and his kin.
+If war or other ills befall his people,
+He wants to live, if need be, die with them.
+
+_N._ Lord Buddha, speak a word of truth to us,
+For I'm aware thou art omniscient.
+Our royal master wants to hear from thee.
+
+_B._ All bodily existence passeth by
+For it is compound and will be dissolved;
+But there is Law; it is the Uncreate,
+It is th' Etern, which is without beginning
+And without end. That must our refuge be.
+He who relies on the Impermanent,
+And, being strong, attempts to crush the weak,
+Will soon break down. This is the law of deeds,
+For as we sow, such will our harvest be.
+Rely on Truth, the Uncreate, th' Etern,
+Be guided by the rule of Righteousness.
+This is my message to the King, your Lord,
+And may he be advised to rule his country
+With love of peace, with goodness, and with wisdom.
+My blessing be on him and on his people.
+
+    _They kneel, clasp their hands, circumambulate the BUDDHA and
+    file out._
+
+    _JETA returns in excitement._
+
+_J._ The war is on! King Bimbisara's army
+Is building bridges to attack the Sakyas.
+
+    [CURTAIN. Trumpet signals, military music.]
+
+
+_FOURTH INTERLUDE._
+
+_Living Pictures Accompanied by Appropriate Music._
+
+
+1. KING BIMBISARA ON THE ROYAL ELEPHANT.
+
+The king is seated under a canopy, together with his minister and
+field marshal. On the head of the elephant, the driver; and retinue on
+either side.
+
+2. THE WANDERER.
+
+The Buddha was in the habit of wandering through the country from
+place to place.
+
+The picture shows him with a staff in his right hand and a bowl in his
+left in an Indian landscape.
+
+3. KING BIMBISARA IN CAMP.
+
+Standing before the royal tent he addresses his generals.
+
+
+
+
+ACT V.
+
+FIRST SCENE.
+
+[Reception hall of the Raja Suddhodana; Indian pompous style; columns
+and beyond an outlook into a tropical palm-garden. Seats scattered
+through the room. On the left a compartment, open toward the audience,
+is separated from the main room by hanging carpets.]
+
+
+    _Near the right side SUDDHODANA is seated with PAJAPATI and
+    YASODHARA. RAHULA in the background (viz., in the garden) in
+    the care of a nurse._
+
+_S._ The time is troublesome, and it appears that war is imminent.
+
+_P._   Oh do not fret;
+Visakha is a cunning diplomat:
+I hope he'll be successful, and he will
+Persuade King Bimbisara to keep peace.
+
+_S._ I do hope too, but hope against conviction.
+
+    _VISAKHA and DEVALA enter._
+
+There come the Brahman and the gallant Captain.
+
+_V._ [Kneeling on one foot to the King] Hail Maharaja!
+
+_D._ Hail, my gracious King.
+
+_S._ Welcome my worthy messengers!
+
+    _They kneel to PAJAPATI._
+
+_P._ Be welcome.
+
+_S._ Tell me at once, how did your mission speed?
+
+_V._ There is a subtle influence against you
+At Bimbisara's court; there is a party
+Bound to have war, and they will have it too,
+Unless we meet them by diplomacy.
+Leave it to me, and I'll preserve the peace.
+
+_S._ Had not my son turned mendicant, how useful
+Could he at present be! I need a general,
+A trusty man of youthful strength and courage
+To take the helm and lead the ship of state
+Through storm and danger, for our foes are strong.
+
+_V._ Great Raja, I am privy to your grief,
+I know the hope you'd set upon Siddhattha.
+What brilliant gifts the boy inherited,
+From you, his royal father, and how he,
+Forgetful of his filial duty, left you,
+And his fair wife and child, to turn a beggar.
+
+_S._ All this is true, remind me not of it,
+'Tis a disgrace to our most royal house,
+And all the Rajas in the Indian land,
+Will point to us and mock the Sakya tribe.
+
+    _RAHULA comes in with childlike joy and brings his mother a
+    rose._
+
+_R._ Here, mother, is a rose. I picked it from the bush where the
+nightingale sings. I thought, if father had been here, he would have
+brought the rose to you. He loves the flowers and so do you.
+
+_Y._ My darling!
+
+_S._ [_with a touch of anger_] Yasodhara, I wish you would not speak
+to him too much of his father.
+
+_R._ Why should mother not mention father? I love him and I should
+know all about him. I want to join the Buddha's brotherhood.
+
+_S._ Do you love him more than your grandfather?
+
+_R._ I love my grandfather too, I love mother, and you, dear
+grandmother [_turning to PAJAPATI_]. You are always so kind to me. I
+love you all. But father I love in a different manner. I love him as
+Buddha. I clasp my hands to him as to a god; and so do you mother, do
+you not?
+
+_Y._ [_Puts her hand on Rahula's mouth_] Hush! I thank you for the
+rose, my child; now run away and bring another rose to grandfather,
+and one for your grandmother Pajapati.
+
+_R._ Yes mother, and one I keep for father when he comes.
+
+    _Runs off._
+
+_V._ Your grandson needs a father, Maha Raja!
+
+And let me tender you my humble service.
+I see Yasodhara, the noble princess,
+Pine patiently away and spend in mourning
+Her life's best years of youth and happiness.
+She has been cruelly deserted, has
+Been widowed by Siddhattha for a whim.
+Give her to me in marriage, and I'll prove
+A better father than that runaway,
+A better father to your little grandson,
+A better husband to his widowed wife.
+
+_S._ You are at liberty to ask my daughter.
+
+_V._ Fair Princess, cease to mourn, and grant my suit.
+Thou shalt see better days than heretofore.
+
+_Y._ I pledged my troth to Gotama Siddhattha,
+And I shall never break my faith to him.
+
+_V._ Siddhattha is no more, he has turned monk
+And you are free, you are Siddhattha's widow.
+
+_S._ My daughter, do not think that I oppose
+Visakha's suit, for on the contrary
+I do support it, and I wish you would
+Accept him as a husband, for I need
+Alliance with a brave and trusty man.
+
+_V._ Princess Yasodhara, here is my hand,
+Do not refuse me.
+
+_Y._ Brahman, spare your words.
+
+_V._ The time will come when you will sore regret.
+O King, compel her to obey; make use
+Of your good right as master of this house,
+For I alone can save the Sakya state.
+
+_P._ O worthy Brahman, do not threaten us.
+
+_V._ Decide, O Maharaja; thou art Lord!
+Thy bidding must be done. Shall women rule,
+Or art thou master still in thine own home?
+
+_S._ I am master here; but not a tyrant;
+Among our people master means a leader.
+The Sakya yeomen justly pride themselves
+On their free institutions. I'm the first
+Among them, not an autocrat nor despot;
+I serve them as adviser, guide and father;
+Shall I who never would infringe upon
+The right of any poorest peasant woman,
+Compel a princess of the royal house
+To marry 'gainst her will? No sir, not I.
+I wished the Princess to accept your suit,
+But I shall never say, She must be yours.
+
+_V._ King of the Sakyas, you forget yourself,
+I am a Brahman and of noble birth.
+I served you faithfully for many years,
+But now I quit your service, for I know
+That Bimbisara, King of Magadha,
+The mightiest of Indian rulers,
+Will welcome me as friend and counselor.
+
+    _He bows to the KING and PAJAPATI, and leaves. For a moment
+    they are all silent._
+
+_S._ I fear me that means war.
+
+_D._ Indeed it does.
+
+If you remember, King, Visakha said
+There was a subtle influence against you
+At Bimbisara's court. It dawns on me
+That he, Visakha, is the cause of it.
+I saw him whisper with a courtier, then
+He spoke in secret with a general,
+And with the King too he was closeted.
+The hypocrite has thrown away his mask,
+And since he spoke out boldly, I know now
+That he has been intriguing all the time.
+
+_S._ He thinks I hate my son, but I do not.
+I'm only angry, I am disappointed,
+Because he did not heed my dearest wish.
+I love him still and I invited him
+To visit his old home and me, his father.
+I sent Udayin with a kindly greeting.
+Oh, I'd forgive him all, and e'en his flight,
+Had only he not turned a mendicant.
+It hurts my pride to see a Sakya prince,
+And mine own son, go round from house to house
+With bowl in hand to beg his daily food.
+
+    _RAHULA comes in excited._
+
+_R._ Grandfather, here is your rose, and grandma, here is yours. And
+oh! did you hear the news?
+
+_Y._ What is it, boy? Why are you so excited?
+
+_P._ Who told you any news?
+
+_R._ The guards at the gate. They say that my father has come. All the
+people rush out of their houses and greet him with clasped hands.
+They strew flowers on the road and hail him as the Buddha!
+
+_Y._ [_rises_] Why, is it possible?
+
+    _Wants to retire._
+
+_S._ Stay here. Kala Udayin comes.
+
+    _KALA enter and kneels._
+
+_K._ I bow in humble reverence before the King. And my respectful
+salutations to all the members of the royal house [_turning to GOPA_]
+and to you.
+
+_S._ Bring you good news, Udayin?
+
+_K._ Your noble son, my King, is coming.
+
+_S._ Where did you find him?
+
+_K._ At the Jetavana at Savatthi.
+
+_S._ What kind of a place is that?
+
+_K._ It is the most wonderful pleasure park I ever saw. O King, your
+garden here is a paltry affair in comparison with the Jetavana.
+
+_S._ There he lives in luxury?
+
+_K._ Oh no Sir. Not at all. He could live in luxury, if he wanted to,
+but he leads a simple life, as simple as the humblest servant in your
+home, and when he wanders through the country after the rainy season
+he lives like any mendicant friar. He overtook me on my way, and when
+he came hither to Kapilavatthu, his home, he did as usual. Last night
+he slept in the forest, and this morning he went from house to house
+with bowl in hand, begging his food, and he spoke a blessing wherever
+people greeted him kindly, or gave him to eat.
+
+_S._ Oh my son, my son! Why didst thou not go straight to the palace
+where thy father has food enough for thee and all thy disciples!
+
+_K._ He always follows the rule of the mendicants.
+
+_S._ Oh my son! Why dost thou shame thy father in his own home?
+
+_K._ The Blessed One deems it no shame to beg. He is as modest as a
+pauper and shows no pride, but wherever he comes, he is greeted like a
+king, nay like a king of kings, and the wealthiest and most powerful
+rulers come to do him reverence.
+
+_S._ And he is here, this wonderful man? And he is my son Siddhattha?
+
+_K._ Yes, he is here, and it is your son, but no longer Siddhattha,
+the Sakya prince, but Sakya muni, the sage of the Sakyas, the Buddha,
+the Blessed One. When I spoke to him and gave him your message, he
+inquired for you and the Queen Pajapati [_YASODHARA rises_] and for
+you, most honored Princess and for Rahula. Yes, he inquired for you
+and how Rahula had grown.
+
+_Y._ Did he speak kindly of us?
+
+_K._ He always speaks kindly, and he is always calm.
+
+    [Music a song, Buddhist Doxology, at a distance]
+
+_K._ O listen to the music. Here he comes, the glorious Buddha. He
+must be at the gate.
+
+_Y._ [_rises again and withdraws._] I must be gone.
+
+_P._ O stay, Yasodhara.
+
+_Y._ No, I will hide me from his very sight; and if I am to him of any
+value, he will ask for me.
+
+_S._ Stay, Yasodhara.
+
+_Y._ He fled from me because I was a hindrance
+In his great quest, and he may shun me still.
+
+_S._ Stay none the less.
+
+_P._ Nay, let her withdraw; she is in tears and would break down.
+
+    _YASODHARA and PAJAPATI withdraw to the partition behind the
+    curtains._
+
+_S._ You say, that my son is greeted even by kings with clasped hands?
+
+_K._ Yea, even kings kneel to him.
+
+_S._ I shall do nothing of the kind. He is my son, my disobedient son,
+and I am still his father.
+
+    _PAJAPATI returns._
+
+    _The procession of the BUDDHA comes. Two monks precede and
+    stand at either side of the BUDDHA. Accompanying monks and
+    other public come into the garden, crowding up to the
+    columns. They all kneel with clasped hands, except
+    SUDDHODANA._
+
+_B._ My blessing to this house, to you, O King,
+And also to the Queen Pajapati,
+My dear good aunt and loving foster mother.
+
+_S._ At last thou comest back, my wayward son,
+But why didst shame me? Why didst thou go begging
+Here in my capital? Thou art descended
+From ancestors who are a royal race.
+
+_B._ My ancestors are Buddhas of past ages,
+Their thinking has descended unto me,
+Their habits and their rules of life I follow,
+And not the regulations of a court.
+
+    _The people rise to their feet again; KALA joins GOPA._
+
+_S._ Tell me, what are the rules of former Buddhas?
+
+_B._ They greet you with a stanza in return
+For any food or hospitality.
+
+_S._ I shall be glad to hear what you will say.
+
+_B._ Awake from sleep, dispel the dream;
+          Before the truth's bright ray
+          Things truly are not what they seem
+          But truth points out the way.
+          Truth, truth alone will bring you bliss,
+          In the next life and e'en in this.
+
+    _RAHULA brings a rose to BUDDHA._
+
+_R._ Here, father, is a rose I saved for you
+On the big bush where nests the nightingale.
+
+_B._ And this is Rahula! How you have grown!
+Where is your mother?
+
+_S._          Yasodhara was here,
+But would not stay. On hearing that you came
+She left the room and said that if at all
+You cared for her, you would not fail to ask.
+
+_B._ But I want to see her, lead me to the place.
+
+    _BUDDHA hands his bowl to the King, PAJAPATI rises and leads
+    the way. At a distance a flourish of trumpets._
+
+_D._ What military signals do I hear?
+
+_S._ Go, Captain Devala, see what it means.
+
+    _DEVALA exit. SUDDHODANA hands the bowl to one of the
+    disciples._
+
+_B._ Ye two disciples shall attend the meeting.
+Above all passion has the Buddha risen,
+But he will comfort her who loves him dearly.
+The Princess' heart is filled with deepest grief,
+And in no wise shall any one rebuke her
+In whatsoever way she greeteth him.
+
+    _PAJAPATI opens the curtain leading to the apartment where
+    YASODHARA sits. BUDDHA, PAJAPATI and SUDDHODANA enter.
+    YASODHARA sinks down before him and holds his feet, weeping.
+    The flourish of trumpets is repeated._
+
+_S._ [_Grows restless, turns to PAJAPATI_] These warlike trumpets
+                have a foreign sound
+And may forbode the enemy's attack.
+
+    _He leaves the apartment where YASODHARA is and re-enters the
+    hall, going toward the entrance in the background between the
+    columns._
+
+_B._ Yasodhara, I bring thee happy tidings,
+Deliverance is found, let go thy grief.
+
+    _YASODHARA looking up to BUDDHA with deep emotion._
+
+_Y._ Oh Lord, how did I long for your return,
+But in your eyes I have become as naught.
+
+_B._ My faithful helpmate and my former wife,
+Thou hast been dear to me, dear art thou still,
+But truth is dearer, and to truth I cling,
+While on my quest of truth in former lives,
+And also now in this existence, thou
+With voluntary sacrifice hast aided me,
+Imagine not that thou a hindrance art
+To me or to my work and holy mission.
+Next to my sainted mother thou art blessed
+Among the women of this world. Rejoice
+And let grief pass from thy suffering soul.
+
+_Y._ [_In a kneeling posture_] Grant me a boon, my Lord, a precious
+boon.
+
+_R._ Yea, father, grant the boon that mother wants.
+
+_B._ Speak, Princess, and I listen to thy word.
+I know thy heart, Yasodhara; I know
+That naught but worthy thoughts dwell in thy mind.
+
+_Y._ Grant me to help thee in thy noble mission.
+I want to join the band of thy disciples.
+
+    _She pauses and the BUDDHA hesitates to answer._
+
+         I shall be happy if I do thy work.
+
+_B._ Dost thou not know this boon is but a burden?
+
+_Y._ The heavier it be, my Lord, the more I welcome it.
+
+_R._         Oh grant the boon!
+
+_B._                            Not yet
+Yasodhara, have women been admitted;
+But I foresee the time will come.
+
+_Y._                           My Lord
+The time is here if thou but grant the boon.
+
+    _The BUDDHA places his right hand in blessing upon
+    YASODHARA'S head._
+
+_B._ So let it be, and so thy boon be granted;
+I may not hinder thee if thou insistest.
+
+    _As PAJAPATI helps YASODHARA to rise, a third flourish of
+    trumpets is heard, this time near by and loud. DEVALA returns
+    in great excitement and addresses SUDDHODANA._
+
+_D._ My noble liege, an embassy is coming
+From Bimbisara, King of Magadha.
+They are the kingdom's highest ministers,
+And sullen do they look and their retainers.
+
+_S._ 'Tis most unfortunate, but let them in.
+
+_D._ There's more to be announced.
+
+_S._                              You look excited.
+
+_D._ It is but the beginning of the end:
+Our scouts are captured, one of them escaped.
+
+    _He hesitates._
+
+_S._ Well, Devala?
+
+_D._              He carries evil news.
+
+_S._ [_With great anxiety_] By Issara! Speak, man! Don't hesitate.
+
+    _DEVALA covers his eyes with his hands and sobs._
+
+_S._ Tell me the worst. Tell me the worst at once.
+
+_D._ O that I had no tongue to tell the tidings.
+
+_S._ I will be brave, speak freely! Be a man!
+
+    _In the meantime the BUDDHA together with the others has
+    entered the main hall._
+
+_D._ Our cause is lost. We are surrounded,
+Three bridges have been built and General Siha
+Stands ready with an overwhelming army
+To crush us.
+
+_S._      Once I had a son! But he
+Alas! turned mendicant and fails me now!
+In him no drop of warrior blood is left,
+No spark of honor gloweth in his heart
+And our ancestral pride goes down in shame.
+
+_B._ Transient, my noble father, are all things.
+All kingdoms finally must pass away,
+But if thou tak'st thy refuge in the truth,
+Thou wilt be free from all vicissitudes.
+The kingdom of the truth alone endures.
+
+_S._ [_With indignation._] Siddhattha, spare thy monkish rant,
+Far better than thy cowardly submission,
+Far nobler and befitting it would be,
+To draw the sword and die a hero's death.
+
+    _The embassy in solemn procession files in as before at the
+    Jetavana. The BUDDHA withdraws and is not noticed by the
+    embassy. Prime Minister NAGADEVA (N) addresses King
+    SUDDHODANA._
+
+_N._ Oh Maharaja, listen to our message!
+
+The ruler of the mighty Magadha,
+King Bimbisara, sends you kindly greetings.
+He wants you to entreat the Blessed One,
+The holy Buddha, who now stays with you,
+Who, as he learneth, is your noble son,
+To come to Rajagaha on a visit.
+There have been rumors of intended war,
+And armies are maneuvering nearby,
+But be assured, our noble King means peace.
+He would not draw the sword against your state,
+Nor wage a war against the Buddha's father.
+
+    _SUDDHODANA'S eye searches for the BUDDHA who has been
+    standing behind a column and now steps forward._
+
+_S._ Oh noble son, oh blessed, highest Buddha,
+Thou art indeed a King of Kings on earth!
+
+    _He kneels down. All members of the embassy do the same._
+
+No crown thou wear'st, no scepter's in thy hand,
+Thou needest neither lance, nor sword nor shield,
+And yet thou rulest, with mere word and thought,
+Thou sway'st the destinies of all the world,
+I did not know thy power and thy great worth;
+But now I bow me down in humble faith,
+And I take refuge in the truth thou preachest.
+Henceforth I will devote myself to spread
+The kingdom of good will and righteousness.
+
+    [Music Buddhist Doxology]
+
+    [CURTAIN]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Buddha, by Paul Carus
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