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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 01:49:24 -0700 |
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diff --git a/22425-8.txt b/22425-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ca806c --- /dev/null +++ b/22425-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1906 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stanford Achievement Test, Ed. 1922, by +Truman L. Kelley and Giles M. Ruch and Lewis M. Terman + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Stanford Achievement Test, Ed. 1922 + Advanced Examination, Form A, for Grades 4-8 + +Author: Truman L. Kelley + Giles M. Ruch + Lewis M. Terman + +Release Date: August 29, 2007 [EBook #22425] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STANFORD ACHIEVEMENT TEST *** + + + + +Produced by Joe, Claire, and Seth Longo + + + + + + + Edition 1922 + + Stanford Achievement Test + + By TRUMAN L. KELLEY, GILES M. RUCH, and LEWIS M. TERMAN + + ADVANCED EXAMINATION: FORM A + + FOR GRADES 4-8 + +=========================================================================== + +Name ................................ Grade .......... Boy or girl ........ + +Age ... When is your next birthday? ....... How old will you be then?...... + +Name of school ................................... Date ................... + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- +| | Score | Subject | Age | +|----------------------------------|-------- Scores | Equivalents | +| 1: Reading: Paragraph Meaning | | | (Subject | +|----------------------------------|-------| | Ages) | +| 2. Reading: Sentence Meaning | | | | +|----------------------------------|-------| | | +| 3. Reading: Word Meaning | | | | +|----------------------------------+-------|---------|-------------------| +| TOTAL READING SCORE | | +|----------------------------------+-------|---------|-------------------| +| 4. Arithmetic: Computation | | | | +|----------------------------------|-------|---------| | +| 5. Arithmetic: Reasoning | | | | +|----------------------------------+-------|---------| | +| TOTAL ARITHMETIC SCORE | | | +|----------------------------------+-------|---------|-------------------| +| 6. Nature Study and Science | | | | +|----------------------------------|-------|---------|-------------------| +| 7. History and Literature | | | | +|----------------------------------|-------|---------|-------------------| +| 8. Language Usage | | | | +|----------------------------------|-------|---------|-------------------| +| 9. Dictation Exercise | | | | +|----------------------------------+-------+---------|-------------------| +| Composite Score (Sum of Subject Scores ÷ 10) | | +|----------------------------------+-------+---------| | +| Educational Age | | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + Note. This page may be torn off and filed as a record. + + +Published by World Book Company, Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York, and 2126 +Prairie Avenue, Chicago + +Copyright 1922 by World Book Company. Copyright in Great Britain. _All +rights reserved._ SAT: ADV. A-3 + +Printed in U. S. A. + + + History Language + Reading Arithmetic Science Literature Usage Spelling + -- -- -- -- -- -- + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 18-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 17-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 16-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 15-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 14-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 13-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 12-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 11-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 10-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 9-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 8-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + 7-| -| -| -| -| -| + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + -- -- -- -- -- -- + History Language + Reading Arithmetic Science Literature Usage Spelling + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 1. READING: PARAGRAPH MEANING + +Sample: Dick and Tom were playing ball in the field. Dick was throwing + the ball and ............. was trying to catch it. + +Write JUST ONE WORD on each dotted line. + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + 1 Fanny has a little red hen. Every day the hen goes to her nest and lays + an egg for Fanny to eat. Then she makes a funny noise to tell Fanny to + come and get the.............. + + 2 A kitten can climb a tree, but a dog cannot. This is very lucky for + Nellie's kitten. Every time Joe's big dog comes along the kitten climbs + a tree and the............. cannot follow. + + 3 Anna had never seen a squirrel in her life, although she had always + wanted to very much. One day when she was playing under a tree she + heard a funny little noise over her head. She looked up, and what do + you think she saw? Up there in the............. was the very thing she + had always wanted to see, a.............. + + 4 John and Joe played one day till they were very hungry; so John went + into the house and asked his mother for something to.............. + When he came out again he had a big apple for himself and another for + .............. + + 5 One day when Jane was sweeping she found a dime on the floor under the + bed. They could not find out whose dime it was, so Jane's mother gave + it to her. Now, every time Jane............. the floor she looks + carefully under the bed for another.............. + + 6 Helen and Kate pulled their sled through the deep snow to the top of the + hill and soon were coasting swiftly down again. They did this over and + over. The............. was so deep that they found it hard work to + drag the............. to the top. + + 7 Once a black raven wanted to have white feathers like a swan. The raven + saw that the swan lived in the water, and thought it was the water that + made the swan's feathers so white. So the............. decided to wash + his feathers every day to see if it would not make them.............. + + 8 Birds' eggs are almost as different from each other as are the birds + themselves. The robin lays four or five blue eggs. The dove lays two + white eggs. The sparrow lays six or eight speckled eggs. If we should + find a nest with four blue eggs in it, we could be pretty sure that it + was the nest of a............. rather than of a............. or dove. + + 9 Once there lived on a mountain near a village an immense giant whose + cruelty kept the people of the village in great terror. However, there + was one person in the village who was not afraid of the giant. This was + a young soldier who carried a magic sword that a fairy had given him. + Once when the............. came down from the............. the + soldier attacked him with his magic............. and killed him. + +10 Once a hen was so foolish as to go to a fox and ask him to look after + her chicks while she went to the barnyard to find some worms for her + chicks. The fox was of course quite willing. The hen was gone a long + time. When she finally returned, she found that the fox had eaten all + her chicks. Since then no............. has employed a as a nurse. + +Turn the page and go right on. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 1, CONTINUED + + +11 When the bear appeared near the hut, Walter was alone. His father had + driven to the village, that morning, several miles away. Fortunately he + had left his gun hanging on the wall loaded and ready for service. + Walter was excited, but he did not hesitate. Quickly seizing the + .......................... he............. the.............. + +12 In a certain village a ton of coal costs just as much as a cord of + wood, but it produces twice as much heat. Therefore the poor families + in this village should be advised to burn............. rather than + .............. + +13 "Come on" called Joe, "let's go for a swim down by Jones' Point, where + the river is deep." "No," said Pete, "let's swim down by Duggan's. + where the water is warmer." "It isn't because the water is warm that + you want to go to............., but because you can't swim," said + .............. + +14 Richard and Miss Cabot quickly found their way alone to the house of + Mr. Smith on Craven Street. Miss Cabot left Richard in the carriage, + walked quickly to the door, and sending up her card by the servant, + requested to see Mr. Smith. The............. soon returned and begged + her to come in. As soon as she had done so. Miss Cabot introduced + herself to Mr.............. and begged him to come out and talk with + ............., who was waiting outside in the carriage. + +15 Joe made up a game which he called "Jac-alack." One person called Jack + must climb a tree and hang by his arms from a low bough. The others + stand behind him and say in unison, "Alas, alack, he fell on his back," + and while they are saying it, one of them hits Jack with a bean bag. If + Jack can see or guess who did it, he may drop down, and the guilty + person takes his place. Otherwise he has to............. there for + another turn and sing out, "Alas, alack, another whack." It is quite a + game and Jack must have strong.............. + +16 It is well established that the bee, which is commonly supposed to be + so industrious, really works only two or three hours a day. The man who + works eight or ten hours a day is therefore far more............. than + the.............. + +17 Boys and girls know my name. And mothers and fathers, too. Big folks + love me. You do, too. The first letters in the first four sentences of + this paragraph spell my name; so write it here.............. + +18 Energy is a measure of the fullness of life and is indispensable for + genius. No energy at all is death. Idiots are feeble and listless. + Nearly all the leaders of mankind have been noted for their remarkable + .............. + +19 Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter, while evergreens, as their + name implies, do not. Therefore, in forests composed of............. + trees the ground is less shaded in winter than is the case in forests + whose trees are.............. + +20 Some historians believe that the spread of anti-slavery feeling among + the people of the North previous to the Civil War was due less to the + moral issue involved than to the fact that they recognized the system + of............. as a menace to the industrial system of free labor. + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 1, CONTINUED + + +21 If I were writing about the rich, I should be inclined to divide them, + according to their attitude toward life, into workers and parasites. + The motto of the worker is, "I owe the world a life," and the motto of + the.................. is, "The.................. owes me a living." + +22 Caution, when not present in excess, is a desirable trait. Often it + saves one from disappointment or failure. Occasionally, however, one + finds a person so extremely.................. that his will is + paralyzed and he is totally unable to set about any new undertaking. + Too much.................. is indeed often.................. than too + little. + +23 A whale is not a fish, even though it does live in water. A fish has no + lungs, is cold-blooded, and absorbs oxygen from the water through its + gills; but a whale is warm-blooded and has a genuine set of lungs. In + consequence, in bodily structure the is.................. like a + shark, which is a true fish, than it is like a horse. + +24 The brook on our farm has many whims. It ripples over bright and shiny + rocks, and falls into a placid little pool so clear that I can see the + pebbles on the bottom and can see myself down there, too. As I look + straight down, it is hard to tell whether what I see is my nose or a + .................., but as I move a little, that which I sec stands + still, so I know it is not..................................... + Farther on the brook forgets the placid pool and tumbles over roots and + rocks. It does, indeed, have many................... + +25 To pant for recognition, to yearn to impress one's personality upon + one's fellow-men, is the essence of ambition. The ambitious person may + think that he merely thirsts to "do something" or "be somebody" but + really what he craves is to figure potently in the minds of others, to + be greatly loved, admired, or feared. To reap a success which no one + .................. does not satisfy the yearnings of the + .................. individual. + +26 Washington was a very silent man. Of no man in the world's history do + we have so few sayings of a personal kind. As for talking about + himself, that was something in which he almost never indulged. Yet it + would be a great error to interpret his.................. as an + indication that he was in any sense cold or unfeeling. + +27 As a rule, it is more economical to remember things by associating them + clearly and vigorously than by going through many repetitions of them. + Thus, a clear understanding of the causes for the Democratic victory in + the national election in 1916 will be.................. effective in + remembering the fact than a dozen.................. of the statement + "Woodrow Wilson was elected in 1916." + +28 Fundamentally, education depends upon the capacity of a person to + profit by past experiences. Past situations modify present and future + adjustments. Education in its broadest sense means acquiring + experiences that serve to.................. existing inherited or + acquired tendencies of behavior. + +29 "Naïve" and "unsophisticated" are frequently confused. The former + suggests a type of behavior which is artless, spontaneous, and free + from the restraints of custom. The latter implies fully as great lack + of knowledge of social usage, and, in addition, conduct which is + primitive and perchance inelegant. Thus, the.................. youth + was the first to enter the car, and his.................. little + sister warmly kissed him in the presence of the king. We may also say + that a country boy is.................. with respect to city life and + customs. + + _Test 1. Number right.......... x 2 = Score.........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 2. READING: SENTENCE MEANING + + +Samples: Can dogs bark? [Yes] No + Does a cat have six legs? Yes [No] + +Read each question and draw a line under the right answer. +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + 1 Is milk white? Yes No 1 + 2 Do we sleep in beds? Yes No 2 + 3 Is the day as dark as night? Yes No 3 + 4 Is green a color? Yes No 4 + 5 Is smoke always yellow? Yes No 5 + + 6 Do men and women dress just alike? Yes No 6 + 7 Do ships sail on the sea? Yes No 7 + 8 Are all chimneys made of brass? Yes No 8 + 9 Are rocks hard? Yes No 9 + 10 Is everybody as huge as a giant? Yes No 10 + + 11 Do pupils always have excellent memories? Yes No 11 + 12 Are brooms used to sweep bedrooms? Yes No 12 + 13 Are machines ever useful? Yes No 13 + 14 Are sugar and salt sold in stores? Yes No 14 + 15 Are geese generally clad in bonnets? Yes No 15 + + 16 Do lambs roar? Yes No 16 + 17 Does crime always bring happiness? Yes No 17 + 18 Does justice sometimes seem cruel? Yes No 18 + 19 Could one cradle hold eighty infants? Yes No 19 + 20 Is a beetle very different from a mole? Yes No 20 + + 21 Does the friendship of a cheerful person make us unhappy? Yes No 21 + 22 Is a dime less than a nickel? Yes No 22 + 23 Is the guilty thief always located? Yes No 23 + 24 Is it ever important to hurry? Yes No 24 + 25 Might a prisoner feel sorrow at the ruin he has caused? Yes No 25 + + 26 Are all antique benches made of bamboo? Yes No 26 + 27 Are battleships dedicated to warfare? Yes No 27 + 28 Can we discern things clearly in a dense fog? Yes No 28 + 29 Might a person suffer confusion during an examination? Yes No 29 + 30 Are marmalade and gruel made of milkweed? Yes No 30 + +31 Could delicious chocolate be served at a festival? Yes No 31 +32 Do all university professors give instruction in science? Yes No 32 +33 Does it take courage to perform a very dangerous task? Yes No 33 +34 Should one always be censured for playing a flute + by the fireplace? Yes No 34 +35 Are homely people always loathed and disliked? Yes No 35 + +36 Is it deemed delightful to suffer a bloody defeat? Yes No 36 +37 Would a man be fortunate if he could flee from a famine? Yes No 37 +38 May careful observation be of considerable help + in decreasing mistakes? Yes No 38 +39 Does speaking with brevity necessarily mean that + one is peevish? Yes No 39 +40 Are chimes ever played in a cathedral? Yes No 40 + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 2, CONTINUED + + +41 Do repealed interruptions sometimes exasperate us? Yes No 41 +42 Should thieves be encouraged by giving them magnificent rewards? + Yes No 42 +43 Are locusts and gnats generally believed to enjoy immortality? Yes No 43 +44 Might an accidental outbreak cause anxiety? Yes No 44 +45 May shortages often be prevented by foresight? Yes No 45 + +46 Is an annual appeal made once a week? Yes No 46 +47 May occasional opposition awaken us to greater endeavor? Yes No 47 +48 Is every earl destined to become a genius or a conqueror? Yes No 48 +49 Might a person show unfeigned enjoyment of a symphony? Yes No 49 +50 Are we irresistibly led to confide in every near-by idler? Yes No 50 + +51 Do any considerable percentage of motorists use headlights? Yes No 51 +52 Does an auctioneer boost prices with earnestness? Yes No 52 +53 Is it advisable to use dynamite as a lubricant? Yes No 53 +54 Is a person in a frenzy likely to make wild gestures? Yes No 54 +55 Should the captain of a yacht consider the weather forecast? Yes No 55 + +56 Would it take a considerable income to provide a sumptuous + wardrobe? Yes No 56 +57 Is it disgraceful to teach a defenseless person decimals? Yes No 57 +58 Is the idea of burial usually attractive? Yes No 58 +59 May allies make exertion to enter into a federation? Yes No 59 +60 Should enthusiastic homage make a man indignant? Yes No 60 + +61 Could the imperious actions of a lordly person become + notorious? Yes No 61 +62 Is all adventurous activity to be deplored? Yes No 62 +63 Should a person be advised to sacrifice a good opportunity? Yes No 63 +64 Is a harmonious alliance sometimes expedient? Yes No 64 +65 Could an eloquent lawmaker do anything heinous? Yes No 65 + +66 Is boric acid a chemical made of graphite? Yes No 66 +67 Are all festivities characterized by extravagance? Yes No 67 +68 May imposition upon others become habitual? Yes No 68 +69 Is a scarecrow a kind of inoffensive imitation? Yes No 69 +70 Does bliss always befall desperate people? Yes No 70 + +71 Could congressional action cause the people to be + dissatisfied? Yes No 71 +72 May seeing a person drunk decrease one's admiration for him? Yes No 72 +73 Could an inexperienced person be jovial and fascinating? Yes No 73 +74 Is one often assaulted by a boon companion? Yes No 74 +75 Ought accursed liars to be suppressed? Yes No 75 + +76 Might an involuntary impulse impel one to be malicious? Yes No 76 +77 Is one necessarily inhospitable who dislikes an obnoxious + guest? Yes No 77 +78 Does extreme audacity sometimes make us stand aghast? Yes No 78 +79 Is humanity subject to joyous emotions? Yes No 79 +80 Might a hysterical person given to rashness be intolerable? Yes No 80 + + _Number right .........._ + _Number wrong .........._ + _Test 2. Score (subtract).........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 3. READING: WORD MEANING + + +Samples: Bread is something to catch drink EAT throw wear + A robin is a BIRD cat dog girl horse +In each sentence draw a line under the word that makes the sentence true. +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + 1 March is the name of a day food month week year 1 + 2 A fat person is always bad blue cold heavy little 2 + 3 A thing that is perfect is always close early hard little right 3 + 4 A farmer often raises bears corn gold paper pictures 4 + 5 Cotton is cool dark heavy soft sweet 5 + + 6 A husband is sometimes a father flower mother sister town 6 + 7 A path is a place to eat dress die live walk 7 + 8 A maiden is a bird boy girt king plant 8 + 9 A lion is blue fine hot strong sweet 9 +10 Islands are land ships soldiers time water 10 + +11 The ocean is fire land paper water wood 11 +12 Rice is a battle beast bell cloud grain. 12 +13 A dove is a bird boat fish horse sheep. 13 +14 To be silent is to be heard loud quick still wild 14 +15 Olives are to burn drink eat ride wear 15 + +16 To crush is to break escape guard hold plant 16 +17 Rapid means long much quick small soft 17 +18 A moment means color form money time place 18 +19 To stitch is to reward sew starve suggest tempt 19 +20 A question is something we answer build eat grow kill 20 + +21 Harbors are for churches cows gardens horses ships 21 +22 To polish is to bribe brighten smite thrive traverse 22 +23 To pronounce is to sail show speak stand watch 23 +24 A physician is a child doctor master noise valley 24 +25 A customer is a person who buys draws fishes hunts sells 25 + +26 To wander is to improve locate roam situate wail 26 +27 To be sober is to be funny grave happy noisy wild 27 +28 An orphan is one who has no + clothing education hair parents teeth 28 +29 To be active is to be + hospitable humorous ignoble indolent sprightly 29 +30 To be wretched is to be proud silent swift unhappy valuable 30 + +31 Independence means blame custom freedom mercy virtue 31 +32 Agriculture refers to + authority appearance defense farming mystery 32 +33 To inquire is to appear ask rest sleep watch 33 +34 A tavern is a companion funeral parcel park hotel 34 +35 To be saucy is to be + affectionate agreeable devoted dignified rude 35 + +36 An argument is a discussion gully gymnasium penance perjury 36 +37 Jealous means + affectionate appeased benevolent envious sympathetic 37 +38 Meek means gaudy gentle mean strength tight 38 +39 Gorgeous means frisky gigantic hereditary magnificent malicious 39 +40 A barge is a kind of animal boat castle fruit vegetable 40 + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 3, CONTINUED + + +41 Situation refers to noise number place pleasure time 41 +42 To plan is to banish bestow design betray defeat 42 +43 Behavior refers to position conduct progress revenge temper 43 +44 A vagabond is a kite lantern nightingale tramp scholar 44 +45 Ambition means + aspiration frivolity lettering remorse slothfulness 45 + +46 A sluggard is ambitious considerate divine earnest lazy 46 +47 Victorious means baffled frustrated triumphant unstable vagrant 47 +48 To mingle is to mislead blend sanction screech scurry 48 +49 To heed is to escape fancy hurry notice prove 49 +50 Dignified means lonely monstrous prominent spiritual stately 50 + +51 An opponent is a delicacy antagonist detective diplomat hostess 51 +52 To prophesy is to assess bemoan cancel disclaim foretell 52 +53 Imperial affairs concern + cities garments kingdoms machines patterns 53 +54 To massacre is to + investigate lament manifest misunderstand slaughter 54 +55 To be prompt is to be + formal frightful hospitable punctual purified 55 + +56 Listless means + indifferent loathsome malicious merciless presumptuous 56 +57 To lament is to flatter humor injure lend mourn 57 +58 A prologue is a kind of + introduction knell prohibition sermon tempest 58 +59 Lifeless means inanimate indefinite infamous undecided untidy 59 +60 An impression is a century compass copy globe pasture 60 + +61 Crafty means accurate proficient slavish submissive wily 61 +62 Liberality means promotion robbery reproof scandal generosity 62 +63 Jubilant means abrupt abject confused triumphant doleful 63 +64 A bulwark is a hospital hotel protection punishment purchase 64 +65 A legacy is an + inheritance inscription levy receptacle regulation 65 + +66 Maintenance means + contention continuance corruption cowardice resource 66 +67 To meditate is to escort gossip ponder transgress withhold 67 +68 Covetous means avaricious bountiful gaudy gray-headed harassed 68 +69 Minimum means the largest least most newest oldest 69 +70 To chastise is to promise publish punish purchase trifle 70 + +71 A sequel is something that + excels follows interrupts precedes yields 71 +72 Ceaseless means + boisterous diminished discontented ended incessant 72 +73 Emphatic means + forcible frantic incurable pernicious reluctant 73 +74 To subvert means to + overturn shorten sling sojourn spurn 74 +75 To be infamous is to be + doubtful polished shameful sorrowful valuable 75 + +76 To be languid is to be + courteous domestic doubtful spiritless jolly 76 +77 An associate is an + adversary ally antagonist emigrant ensign 77 +78 To be Vigilant means to be + aloof betrothed betwixt lawless watchful 78 +79 Decisive means + conclusive dazzled genuine profane prudent 79 +80 A scullion is a grasshopper gymnasium haycock hedgehog servant 80 + +81 Usury has to do with chivalry fiction homage loans manufactures 81 +82 Perspective has to do with + drawing expenses mining religion warfare 82 +83 An insurrection is a + fugitive rebellion publication punishment hermit 83 +84 A reprobate is one who is very + cowardly ugly wealthy wicked youthful 84 +85 Candid means + illegitimate impeccable imperious incisive ingenuous 85 + + _Test 3. Score .........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 4. ARITHMETIC: COMPUTATION + + +Get the answers to these examples as quickly as you can without making +mistakes. + +Look carefully at each example to see what you are to do. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Begin here. + (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) + Add Add Add + 3 + 2 = 3 + 4 = 2 7 13 + 5 4 2 + --- --- ---- + + + (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) + Add Subtract Subtract Add + 17 4 7 16 + 2 2 4 2 × 3 = 53 + ---- --- --- 32 + ---- + + + + (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) + Subtract Subtract Subtract Subtract Multiply + 16 96 13 765 26 + 5 25 5 327 2 + ---- ---- ---- ----- ---- + + + (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) + Multiply Divide Divide Add + 253 684876542 6 ÷ 3 = + 6 ______ ______ 791654220 + ------ 2)6 4)8 587339364 + ----------- + + + (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) + Add Multiply Multiply + 24 6389 4679 ______ + 12 4/5 7 68 2/ 15.8 2 7/8 - 1 = + ------- ------- ------ + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 4, CONTINUED + + + (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) + Subtract _______ +1/4 of 828 = 9 2/5 - 4 1/5 = 79 1 .45/27.90 + 16 3/8 - × 2 = + -------- 7 + + + (31) (32) (33) (34) + Multiply Multiply +3 4/3 ÷ 1 1/2 = 9.72 697 1/2 27 6 + 21.9 18 ---- ÷ --- = + -------- -------- 28 7 + + + (35) (36) + 4.40 + .00044 + 4400 + .04 = 48.76 - 4 3/20 = + + + (37) (38) + 1/2 + 3/4 + 1/6 + 2/3 + 7/8 = 27.34 + 2 1/4 + 89.2 + 4 3/4 = + + + (39) (40) + 3 1/4 × 5 1/2 × 3 1/2 = 1 3/4 + 25.2 + 1 1/5 + 48.961 = + + + (41) (42) (43) (44) + Subtract Add + _______ (4)^3= 8 yd. 1 ft. 3 in. 5 yr. 9 mo. + \/ 45369 6 yd. 3 ft. 9 in. 6 yr. 7 mo. + ------------------ 8 yr. 2 mo. + ------------- + + + (45) (46) (47) + Express as a decimal + Multiply to three places + 67.36 + 2/3 = 4 gals. 3 qts. 1 pt. 29 + 4 ---- = + -------------------- 64 + + + + _Test 4. Number right.......... X 4 = Score.........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 5. ARITHMETIC: REASONING + + +Find all the answers as quickly as you can. + +Write the answers on the dotted lines. + +Use the blank sheets of paper to figure on. + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Begin here. + + 1 How many are 3 eggs and 2 eggs? Answer ........ + 2 Mary is 7 years old. How old will she be in 3 years? Answer ........ + 3 A hen had 9 chicks and 3 of them died. How many + were left? Answer ........ + 4 Milk costs 8 cents a pint and the milkman is going to + raise the price 2 cents. What will it then cost? Answer ........ + 5 If you buy a pencil for 4 cents and pay for it with a + dime, how much change should you get? Answer ........ + + 6 How many dimes are there in a dollar? Answer ........ + 7 How many eggs are there in 7 nests if each nest has + 3 eggs? Answer ........ + 8 How many cents will 8 oranges cost at 3 cents each? Answer ........ + 9 David earned $3.50 in June, $2.25 in July, and $1.50 in + August. How much did he earn in all? Answer ........ +10 Frank bought 3 two-cent postage stamps and 13 one-cent + stamps. How much did he pay for all? Answer ........ + +11 Five girls buy a present costing 25 cents. How many + cents does each pay? Answer ........ +12 If a train goes 60 miles in three hours, how far does + it go in one hour? Answer ........ +13 John has saved $3.75. How many dollars more does he + need to buy a pony which costs $45.75? Answer ........ +14 A man pays the street-car fare for himself and two + friends. If the fare is 7¢, how much change + should he receive from a half dollar? Answer ........ +15 A train which was due at 2 P.M. was 3 1/2 hours + late. When did it arrive? Answer ........ + +16 What is the cost of 10 oranges at 2 for 5 cents? Answer ........ +17 Edward has $1.67 in the bank and takes out 2 quarters, + a dime, and a cent. How much does he have left + in the bank? Answer ........ +18 What is the cost of a 4 3/4-pound roast at 40 cents + a pound? Answer ........ +19 A boy saved 5 cents a day for two weeks, and 10 cents a + day for the next four weeks. How much money does he + then have? Answer ........ +20 A gallon is equal to 231 cubic inches. How many gallons + are there in a tank 6×7×11 inches? Answer ........ + +21 The tax rate in an Eastern city has varied as follows: + 1910, 21¢ on each $100; 1911, 17¢ on each $100; 1912, + 27¢ on each $100; 1913, 26¢ on each $100; 1914, 34¢ on + each $100; 1915, 33¢ on each $100. The highest rate + was how many times as great as the lowest? Answer ........ + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 5, CONTINUED + + +22 Henry was marked 87 in geography the first month, 91 the + second, and 93 the third month. What was his average + grade? Answer ........ +23 If the butcher's scales read one ounce too much on each + weighing, how much is a customer overcharged on a pound + of steak at 48¢ a pound? Answer ........ +24 At $1.00 a bushel for potatoes and $20.00 a car for + freight, how much will a 400-bushel carload of potatoes + cost? Answer ........ +25 Tom has just 4 weeds' vacation and wishes to spend it in + a city which it takes two days to reach by train. How + many days can he spend in the city? Answer ........ + +26 If a fence rail is 10 feet long, how many rails will + it take to reach a mile? Answer ........ +27 Sound travels about 1100 ft. a second. If you see the + flash of a cannon and 12 seconds later the sound reaches + you, how far away is the cannon? Answer ........ +28 A man had $5000, from which he received 6 per cent + income each year. In addition he earned $1500 in + business. What was his total income for the year? Answer ........ +29 Frank and George buy 300 marbles for 50 cents. Frank + pays 35 cents and George 15 cents. How many marbles + should George receive? Answer ........ +30 If a watch gains 20 seconds in 24 hours, what fraction + of a minute will it gain between noon and 6 P.M.? Answer ........ + +31 The heights of 4 boys in a class are 5 feet 10 inches, + 5 feet 9 inches, 5 feet 7 inches, and 5 feet 6 inches. + What is the average height? Answer ........ +32 An article which formerly sold at 12 cents was raised + to 18 cents. What per cent was the price advanced? Answer ........ +33 A broker charges $25 commission on every sale plus + 5 per cent on all over $200. What would be his + commission on a $500 sale? Answer ........ +34 If 72 per cent of potatoes is water, how many pounds + of solid material are there in a ton of potatoes? Answer ........ +35 A man invested $1000 in each of 3 different bonds. The + first paid 8 per cent dividend and the second 6 per + cent, but on the third he lost $5 on each hundred + dollars invested. What was his net yearly gain on the + three investments? Answer ........ + +36 If the circumference of a circle is 12.5664 feet, what + is its diameter? Answer ........ +37 The regular price of a certain piece of linen is $4 per + yard. A remnant 1 1/4 yards long is offered at $2.50. + What per cent reduction is made? Answer ........ +38 A man six feet tall casts a shadow 8 feet long at 9 A.M. + A telephone pole casts a shadow 100 feet long at the + same time. How high is the pole? Answer ........ +39 It costs 43 cents to send a 10-pound parcel post package + from New Orleans to Dallas. What will it cost to send an + 8-pound package if the cost is 3 cents more on the first + pound than on additional pounds? Answer ........ +40 If the hour hand of a clock is 3 inches long and the + minute hand is 4 inches long, how far apart are the tips + of the two hands at 9 A.M.? Answer ........ + + _Test 5. Number right.......... X 4 = Score.........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 6. NATURE STUDY AND SCIENCE + + +Samples: The number of cents in a dollar is 200 [100] 300 + Our rain comes from the [clouds] moon stars + +Draw a line under the word that makes the sentence true. +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +_Begin here._ + + 1 Thanksgiving comes in July January November 1 + 2 The earth is shaped most like a baseball football pear 2 + 3 A sweet-smelling flower is the daisy poppy rose 3 + 4 The month before July is May June August 4 + 5 The axle is a part of an ax typewriter wagon 5 + + 6 Alfalfa is a kind of corn fruit hay 6 + 7 Bacon comes from the cow hog sheep 7 + 8 An animal that builds dams is the alligator beaver turtle 8 + 9 Raisins are dried currants gooseberries grapes 9 +10 London is in England Scotland Wales 10 + +11 The dahlia is a kind of animal flower fruit 11 +12 The tractor is used in farming mining racing 12 +13 Tarts are a kind of drink pastry vegetable 13 +11 Planes are used chiefly by barbers blacksmiths carpenters 14 +15 Rubber is obtained from animals oil trees 15 + +16 The antelope is a kind of deer rabbit wolf 16 +17 The number of quarts in a gallon is 2 4 6 17 +18 A telescope makes things look larger prettier smaller 18 +19 Chop suey is a dish of the Chinese Indians Mexicans 19 +20 A flower that grows from a bulb is the lily marigold poppy 20 + +21 The compass is used chiefly by sailors surgeons tailors 21 +22 Serge is a kind of cloth drink wood 22 +23 The article costing the least is coat gloves overcoat 23 +24 The anvil is used by blacksmiths carpenters printers 24 +25 A food requiring many eggs is "angel food" bread marmalade 25 + +26 Rye is most like beans corn wheat 26 +27 The cotton gin was invented by Arkwright Watt Whitney 27 +28 Beets are useful for making catsup sugar jellies 28 +29 The earth moves completely around the sun in about + 7 days 30 days 365 days 29 +30 The most gold is produced in Alaska New York Tennessee 30 + +31 The lungs take from the air carbon dioxide nitrogen oxygen 31 +32 The tadpole is the young of the fish frog lizard 32 +33 Most of our anthracite coal comes from + Alabama Colorado Pennsylvania 33 +34 Molasses is obtained from grapes honey sugar cane 34 +35 A great clothing-manufacturing state is + Massachusetts Oregon Texas 35 + +36 A food rich in fats is butter eggs tapioca 36 +37 An important meat-packing city is + Chicago New Orleans Seattle 37 +38 Lard comes from butter cattle hogs 38 +39 A food containing considerable oil is + rice potatoes walnuts 39 +40 Linen is made from cotton flax hemp 40 + +41 The United States exports coffee cotton tea 41 +42 A tree that will grow from cuttings is the oak pine willow 42 +43 Organdie is a kind of cloth marmalade musical instrument 43 +44 The common house fly often lays its eggs in + leaves manure water 44 +45 The greatest sugar-exporting country is + Brazil Cuba Mexico 45 + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 6, CONTINUED + + +46 The Leghorn is a kind of cow owl goat 46 +47 The panther is most like the cat dog wolf 47 +48 Electric lights were invented by Edison Marconi Volts 48 +49 The most wool is produced in Australia France Holland 49 +50 Calcutta is a city in China Egypt India 50 + +51 Tapioca is chiefly fat starch sugar 51 +52 The largest state in the Union is California New York Texas 52 +53 The freezing point on the Centigrade thermometer + 0° 32° 100° 53 +54 The tooth's enamel is broken down by + acids carbon dioxide starches 54 +55 Air and gasoline are mixed in the + accelerator carburetor gear-case 55 + +56 A crop which enriches the soil is + clover potatoes tobacco 56 +57 Distance above sea level is known as + altitude latitude longitude 57 +58 The house fly spreads + bubonic plague typhoid yellow fever 58 +59 A very important product of Minneapolis is + automobiles flour meat 59 +60 A food that has much the same food substance as rice is + beans peas potatoes 60 + +61 A gross equals 64 144 500 61 +62 Milk testers were devised by Babcock Bell Edison 62 +63 The coarsest of these threads is No. 40 60 80 63 +64 The differential is a part of an auto bicycle typewriter 64 +65 The largest planet is Jupiter Neptune Saturn 65 + +66 A plant that can be grafted is the apple tree lily potato 66 +67 The normal temperature of the human body is about + 60° 98° 12° 67 +68 Alcohol is made from gasoline grains oils 68 +69 An avalanche causes destruction by burning sliding spouting 69 +70 Most automobiles are manufactured in + Michigan New York Iowa 70 + +71 The Nile is in Africa Asia Europe 71 +72 A country that imports nearly half its food is + England France Germany 72 +73 Bronchitis resembles most dyspepsia headaches sore throat 73 +74 A common ingredient of matches is calcium iodine phosphorus 74 +75 A body that shines by reflected light is the + moon North Star sun 75 + +76 Monsoons are a kind of plain plateau storm 76 +77 The days are longest in March July October 77 +73 The largest amount of corn is shipped from + Denver Omaha Pittsburgh 78 +79 Tokyo is a city of China India Japan 79 +80 A place for storing weapons is called an + abattoir arsenal cafeteria 80 + +81 A plant that thrives best in dry places is the + lichen lily mushroom 81 +82 The dictaphone is a kind of + multigraph phonograph typewriter 82 +83 The Wyandotte is a kind of fowl sheep watermelon 83 +84 Linotypes are used in printing surveying weaving 84 +85 An eight-sided figure is called an + octagon scholium trapezium 85 + +86 "Pi" is equal to 7854 3.141 6666 86 +87 Croquettes are a kind of food ornament weapon 87 +88 A botanist is one who studies animals minerals plants 88 +89 The technical name for hard coal is + anthracite bituminous lignite 89 +90 Air brakes are used on automobiles balloons trains 90 + +91 Deltas tend to grow larger smaller wetter 91 +92 The Angora is a kind of chicken goat sheep 92 +93 One of the lightest-known metals is aluminum tin zinc 93 +94 The most expensive of these rugs is + Axminster Brussels Oriental 94 +95 Fondant is a kind of candy meat salad 95 + + _Number right .........._ + _Number wrong .......... ÷ 2 = .........._ + _Test 6. Score (subtract) .........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 7. HISTORY AND LITERATURE + + +Draw a line under the word that makes the sentence true. + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + 1 An elf is a kind of animal brownie dragon 1 + 2 "The Glass Slipper" reminds us of + Ali Baba Cinderella Goldilocks 2 + 3 The first President of the United States was + Adams Jefferson Washington 3 + 4 The shepherd boy who became king was + David Saul Solomon 4 + 5 Columbus made his first voyage to America in 1492 1620 1776 5 + + 6 The highest officer of a city is the + alderman chief of police mayor 6 + 7 Apollo was the god of rivers the sun wind 7 + 8 A battle of the Revolution was + Bull Run Bunker Hill Tippecanoe 8 + 9 The god of mischief was Asgard Loki Mimir 9 +10 Mount Olympus is located in Greece Italy Washington 10 + +11 Hiawatha was written by Bryant Longfellow Whittier 11 +12 The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776 1781 1789 12 +13 A name made famous by Longfellow is + Matthew Arnold Admiral Dewey Paul Revere 13 +14 Kings are supposed to rule for 4 years 8 years life 14 +15 "The Children's Hour" was written by + Longfellow Riley Stevenson 15 + +16 The Quakers came from England France Holland 16 +17 Ulysses captured Troy by hiding in a + forest load of hay wooden horse 17 +18 The country which helped America in the Revolution was + England France Germany 18 +19 Goliath was slain by David Joseph Samson 19 +20 Thor lost his armor chariot hammer 20 + +21 "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was written by Alger Sewell Stowe 21 +22 Louisiana was purchased by Jefferson Madison Polk 22 +23 Peter Pan is the name of a boy dog fairy 23 +24 The slaves were freed by Jefferson Lincoln Washington 24 +25 The first white man to see the Pacific was + Balboa Cabot Vespucci 25 + +26 The United States was allied in the Great War with + Bulgaria France Turkey 26 +27 "Treasure Island" tells about Long John Micawber Uncas 27 +28 Madame Curie is noted for the discovery of + platinum radium pyrite 28 +29 "The Star-Spangled Banner" was written by + Alcott Burns Key 29 +30 The earliest of these inventions was + railroad stagecoach steamboat 30 + +31 Foreigners can obtain the right to vote by + habeas corpus naturalization purchase 31 +32 "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" tells about + Ichabod Crane Hiawatha Pinocchio 32 +33 Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant Sheridan Sherman 33 +34 New York was settled by the Dutch English French 34 +35 Minnehaha means falling leaves laughing waters whispering pines 35 + +36 The most important qualification for a voter is + generosity intelligence wealth 36 +37 The king who let the cakes burn was + Alfred Arthur William 37 +38 Inability to pay debts is called + bankruptcy embezzlement vagrancy 38 +39 The messenger of the gods was called + Mercury Perseus Vulcan 39 +40 Virginia was settled by the English French Spanish 40 + +41 "Oliver Twist" was written by Dickens Scott Thackeray 41 +42 Roger Williams was a colonizer judge merchant 42 +43 Valley Forge relates to the Civil War Revolution War of 1812 43 +44 Sherlock Holmes was a detective sailor thief 44 +45 A man who betrayed his country was Arnold Cornwall Lee 45 + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 7, CONTINUED + + +46 The number of United States Senators from each state is 1 2 4 46 +47 "The Man Without a Country" was written by Cooper Hawthorne Hale 47 +48 A general in the Civil War was Lincoln Sherman Washington 48 +49 The name "Old Ironsides" refers to a man mountain ship 49 +50 A President who was assassinated was Garfield Roosevelt Taylor 50 + +51 The British Prime Minister in 1918 was + Lloyd George Balfour Asquith 51 +52 The Red Cross was founded by Clara Barton Jenny Lind Rockefeller 52 +53 Legal authority over a dead man's estate is given to an + administrator judge jury 53 +51 Barbara Frietchie sympathized with the English South Union 54 +55 Grover Cleveland was a general an inventor a President 55 + +56 The crime which brings the greatest punishment is + larceny manslaughter murder 56 +57 The chief cause of the Mexican War was + disputed territory immigration slavery 57 +58 The stork reminds us of Holland Italy Scotland 58 +59 Cornwallis surrendered at Appomattox Bunker Hill Yorktown 59 +60 "Treasure Island" was written by Alger Defoe Stevenson 60 + +61 The "spoils system" refers to farming political offices tariff 61 +62 Jesus was betrayed by Herod Judas Pilate 62 +63 Louisiana was purchased from the French Indians Spanish 63 +64 The son of Abraham was Isaac Moses Solomon 64 +65 Lewis and Clark explored + The Great Lakes The Mississippi Valley The Northwest 65 + +66 The number of men in the Light Brigade was 600 500 400 66 +67 The War of 1812 was fought against England Mexico Spain 67 +68 Among the allies of Germany was Belgium Bulgaria Roumania 68 +69 One of Robin Hood's men was Ivanhoe Lancelot Little John 69 +70 Each state has the power to + coin money declare war establish schools 70 + +71 A great Scotch poet was Burns Chaucer Milton 71 +72 The General who surrendered at Yorktown was + Burgoyne Cornwallis Lafayette 72 +73 A gnome is a kind of dwarf giant priest 73 +74 "Treasure Island" tells about Black Dog Fagin Miss Hazy 74 +75 The vessel which overcame the Merrimac was the + Monitor Old Ironsides Wasp 75 + +76 A man known for his strength was Abel David Samson 76 +77 One who lives in the poorhouse is legally a + bankrupt delinquent pauper 77 +78 "A Tale of Two Cities" tells of the + American Revolution Civil War French Revolution 78 +79 Ivanhoe is a character from Dickens Scott Wordsworth 79 +80 Circa changed the men of Odysseus into horses stones swine 80 + +81 In 1917 there was a great Revolution in Germany Russia Turkey 81 +82 A writer of mystery tales was Dickens Poe Scott 82 +83 "Styx" was the name of a giant god river 83 +84 A city is most likely to own its + electric lights gas plant water system 84 +85 The author of "Innocents Abroad" is + Hawthorne Stevenson Mark Twain 85 + +86 The American Revolution was chiefly a dispute over + boundary lines slavery taxation 86 +87 "The Last of the Mohicans" was Hiawatha Mowgli Uncas 87 +88 Wallace Irwin is an actor baseball player writer 88 +89 Coleridge wrote "Ancient Mariner" "Hiawatha" "Thanatopsis" 89 +90 The Chautauqua is a kind of entertainment museum music 90 + +91 A word that means exactly the opposite of joy is + sad sorrow sorry 91 +92 Marco Polo was a famous philosopher traveler warrior 92 +93 "The Charge of the Light Brigade" was written by + Burns Longfellow Tennyson 93 +94 The Mohammedan Bible is the Bagavad-gita Koran Zend-Avesta 94 +95 The singular of "are" is is was were 95 + + _Number right .........._ + _Number wrong .......... ÷ 2 = .........._ + _Test 7. Score (subtract) .........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 8. LANGUAGE USAGE + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +[Sidenote: +Samples + is +Apples good. + [are] + + [told] +He me. + telled] + + + calculate + 1 I to go soon. + expect + + + gave + 2 Last year uncle me a pair of skates. + give + + + broke. + 3 His leg was + broken. + + + gone + 4 They have to town. + went + + + any + 5 He isn't better than you. + no + + + bathe + 6 Always your hands before eating. + wash + + + heap + 7 I have a of work to do. + great deal + + + delicious + 8 We had a time at the party. + delightful + + + hurt + 9 The earthquake four buildings. + damaged + + sat +10 I had there for an hour. + set + + Yourself +11 and your guests are invited. + You + + saw +12 I him do it. + seen + + game. +13 I think dominoes is an interesting + sport. + + mad at +14 My father is very me. + angry with + + + till +15 We had only started Joe came. + when + + are +16 The news bad today. + is + + going? +17 Where are you + going to? + + as +18 They fight demons. + like + + to quickly run home. +19 I told him to + to run home quickly. + + doesn't +20 He know anything. + don't + + had ought +21 I think you to go. + ought + + chose. +22 I asked him which one he + choosed. + + transpired +23 This battle in 1863. + occurred + + He does not go +24 to school on Mondays. + He goes + + erroneous. +25 The idea that the moon is made of cheese is + ridiculous. + + they +26 It is who should be blamed. + them + + crimes +27 He went to prison for his + sins. + + no good. +28 That fellow is + worthless. + + remember +29 I seeing him there. + remember of + + burst +30 He a blood vessel. + busted + +Go right on to next page. + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 8, CONTINUED + + + perfect. +31 He acted the part + perfectly. + + snap. +32 He worked with much + vigor. + + sat +33 He the vase on the table. + set + + plenty +34 Rain has been this season. + plentiful + + admitted +35 The prisoner finally he was guilty. + declared + + ridden +36 I have often a horse. + rode + + of +37 He went in search his sheep. + his + + risen +38 I have often early. + rose + + applauded. +39 The honest person is to be + commended. + + disinterested +40 He is in history. + uninterested + + an appointment +41 He has with the president. + a date + + occupied +42 We charged and their trenches. + possessed + + abolished +43 Slavery was in 1863. + destroyed + + indignant. +44 His attack on my character made me + peevish. + + qualified +45 One is not to vote at the age of 18. + fit + + rang +46 I have often this bell. + rung + + much +47 My work is different this year. + very + + caught nearly +48 He down and went to sleep. + nearly caught + + laid +49 He down and went to sleep. + lay + + I. +50 All went but + me. + + is when one gives +51 Charity to the poor. + means giving + + plain and evident +52 It is now why he left. + evident + + shall +53 Are you sure he succeed? + will + + when one sets +54 Arson means fire to property. + setting + + endure +55 I can hardly him. + stand + + was +56 Each man and woman present. + were + + cherish +57 Why a vain hope? + pursue + + was +58 I wish John here. + were + + confuse +59 He has no fear; nothing can him. + daunt + + he? +60 Is that + him? + + + _Number right .........._ + _Number wrong .........._ + _Test 8. Score (subtract) .........._ + + +Adv. Exam.: Form A + +TEST 9. DICTATION EXERCISE + + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + +........................................................................... + + + _Test 9. Full score for easier + sentences not dictated .........._ + _Number right in sentences dictated .........._ + _Sum .......... × 2= Score .........._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Stanford Achievement Test, Ed. 1922, by +Truman L. Kelley and Giles M. Ruch and Lewis M. Terman + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STANFORD ACHIEVEMENT TEST *** + +***** This file should be named 22425-8.txt or 22425-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/4/2/22425/ + +Produced by Joe, Claire, and Seth Longo + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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