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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The Days of
+the Spinning-Wheel in New England, by Henry M. Brooks
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England
+       Gleanings Chiefly from old Newspapers of Boston and Salem, Massachusetts
+
+Editor: Henry M. Brooks
+
+Release Date: August 26, 2007 [EBook #22405]
+[Last updated: May 6, 2012]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLDEN TIME SERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Christine D. and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_THE OLDEN-TIME SERIES._
+
+16mo. Per vol., 50 cents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There appears to be, from year to year, a growing popular taste for
+quaint and curious reminiscences of "Ye Olden Time," and to meet this,
+Mr. Henry M. Brooks has prepared a series of interesting handbooks. The
+materials have been gleaned chiefly from old newspapers of Boston and
+Salem, sources not easily accessible, and while not professing to be
+history, the volumes contain much material for history, so combined and
+presented as to be both amusing and instructive. The titles of some of
+the volumes indicate their scope and their promise of entertainment:--
+
+  CURIOSITIES OF THE OLD LOTTERY.
+  DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL.
+  SOME STRANGE AND CURIOUS PUNISHMENTS.
+  QUAINT AND CURIOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
+  LITERARY CURIOSITIES.
+  NEW-ENGLAND SUNDAY, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"It has been the good fortune of the writer to be allowed a peep at the
+manuscript for this series, and he can assure the lovers of the
+historical and the quaint in literature that something both valuable and
+pleasant is in store for them. In the specialties treated of in these
+books Mr. Brooks has been for many years a careful collector and
+student, and it is gratifying to learn that the material is to be
+committed to book form."--_Salem Gazette._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_For sale by all Booksellers. Sent, post-paid, upon receipt of price.
+Catalogues of our books mailed free._
+
+                                                  TICKNOR & CO., BOSTON.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLDEN TIME SERIES
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL IN NEW ENGLAND
+
+_"To say that the past is of no importance, unworthy of a moment's
+regard, because it has gone by, and is no longer anything, is an
+argument that cannot be held to any purpose; for if the past has
+ceased to be, and is therefore to be accounted nothing in the scale of
+good or evil, the future is yet to come, and has never been
+anything."_--HAZLITT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "_In my young days, when I was_ leetle,
+    _The only steam came from the kettle._
+
+    ....
+
+    "_The_ Gals _on good old Dobbins rid then,
+    But folks don't do as they used to_ did _then._
+
+    ....
+
+    _"Heigho! I grieve, I grieve
+    For the good old days of Adam and Eve._"
+
+                    From HENRY J. FINN'S "Good Old Times,"
+
+                               October, 1827.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLDEN TIME SERIES
+
+
+GLEANINGS CHIEFLY FROM OLD NEWSPAPERS OF BOSTON AND SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS
+
+
+SELECTED AND ARRANGED, WITH BRIEF COMMENTS
+
+BY
+
+HENRY M. BROOKS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England
+
+  "Old and new make the warp and woof of every moment. There is
+  no thread that is not a twist of these two strands. By necessity, by
+  proclivity, and by delight, we all quote."--EMERSON
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOSTON
+
+TICKNOR AND COMPANY
+
+1886
+
+_Copyright, 1885,_
+
+BY TICKNOR AND COMPANY.
+
+_All rights reserved._
+
+
+University Press:
+
+JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX OF NAMES.
+
+  PAGE
+
+  ABERDOUR, JOHN LORD                                         71
+  Adams, Samuel                                               71
+  Amherst, General                                            38
+  Amiel, John                                                 53
+  Amory, Jonathan                                             79
+  Apthorp, Charles Ward                                       30
+  Apthorpe, Charles                                           33
+  Apthorpe, Rev. Mr.                                          33
+  Apthorpe, Susan                                             33
+  Ashton, John                                                35
+  Avery, John                                             55, 56
+
+  BALCH, Rev. Mr.                                             29
+  Balkum, Daniel                                              89
+  Barnard, Benjamin                                           61
+  Belknap, Jeremiah                                           29
+  Bernard, Gov. Francis                           35, 36, 37, 46
+  Blanchard, Caleb                                            84
+  Bollan, William                                              9
+  Bowditch, Nathaniel                                         42
+  Bowdoin, Hon. James                                         33
+  Bowdoin, Miss                                               33
+  Brattle, William                                            63
+  Breck, Samuel                                               88
+  Brenton, Benjamin                                           54
+  Britt, Thomas                                               59
+  Brown, B.                                                   97
+  Brown, Obadiah                                              64
+  Bulfinch, Dr. Thomas                                        33
+  Butler, Mr.                                                 21
+
+  CALDWELL, JAMES                                             68
+  Carpenter, Captain                                          19
+  Carr, Colonel                                               68
+  Chase, Samuel & William                                     21
+  Clark, John                                                 68
+  Clark, Stephen                                              13
+  Clarke, Richard                                             59
+  Clarke, Sukey                                               59
+  Cole, Patrick                                               68
+  Colman, Rev. Henry                                          97
+  Cooper, William                                             20
+  Copeland, E. Jr.                                            86
+  Copley, John Singleton                                  59, 72
+  Crocker, Cornelius                                          10
+  Crosby, John                                                60
+
+  DALAND, B.                                                  97
+  Dalrymple, Colonel                                          68
+  Dana, Rev. Mr.                                              81
+  Darley, Arthur                                              57
+  Davis, Joshua                                               60
+  Deane, Rev. Samuel                                          93
+  Deane, Mrs.                                                 93
+  Deshon, Moses                                               15
+  Douglass, Mr.                                           39, 41
+
+  EASTLAKE, SIR CHARLES                                        6
+  Edes & Gill                                        11,16,32,43
+  Elliot, Sally                                               33
+  Elliot, Simon                                       33, 85, 86
+  Ellis, Mrs.                                                 91
+  Ellis, Rev. Mr.                                             90
+  Elwell, Edward H.                                           93
+  Emerson, R.W.                                                6
+  Erving, John                                                67
+
+  FLEMMING, ALBERT                                            98
+  Flynt, Henry                                            17, 18
+  Fowle & Draper                                              48
+  Franklin, Dr. Benjamin                                      24
+  Franklin, Elizabeth                                         24
+
+  GAY, MARTIN                                                 59
+  Gordon, James                                               79
+  Gorham, Joseph                                              10
+  Gray, Samuel                                                68
+  Green & Russell                                     34, 47, 52
+  Greene, John                                                68
+  Gwin, Captain                                               56
+
+  HANCOCK, JOHN                                               69
+  Haskell, Philemon                                           91
+  Hawthorne, Nathaniel                                        42
+  Henshaw, Joshua, Jr.                                        59
+  Hickling, William                                           61
+  Hill, Colonel John                                          59
+  Hill, Katherine                                             59
+  Holyoke, Edward                                             14
+  Hudson, James                                                9
+  Hurd, John                                              62, 63
+
+  INCH, JOHN                                                  16
+
+  JOHNSON, MR.                                                68
+
+  KING CHARLES I.                                              5
+  King George II.                                             10
+  King George III.                                        37, 44
+
+  LEE, FRANCIS H.                                             86
+  Lewis, Phillip                                              71
+  Loyal, Paul                                                 35
+
+  MACAULAY, T.B.                                               5
+  Marshall, Thomas                                            29
+  Mason, Colonel David                                    39, 40
+  Maverick, Samuel                                            68
+  Micklefield, William                                86, 87, 88
+  Minot, George R.                                            70
+  Monk, Christopher                                           68
+  Morgan, Captain                                         34, 35
+  Morton, Captain                                             68
+  Murray, Mrs.                                                82
+  Murray, Rev. Mr.                                            82
+
+  OLIVER, ANDREW                                              37
+
+  PAINE, WILLIAM                                              50
+  Parker, David                                               68
+  Parkman, Samuel                                             80
+  Payne, Edward                                               68
+  Peirce, Benjamin                                            42
+  Pelham, Charles                                             72
+  Pelham, Mrs.                                                72
+  Perkins, Thomas H.                                          33
+  Phenix, John                                                 4
+  Pickering, Colonel Timothy                              42, 46
+  Pickering, John                                             42
+  Pickering, Timothy, Sr.                                 44, 46
+  Pope of Rome                                                85
+  Poynton, Thomas                                         51, 52
+  Prescott, John                                              39
+  Prescott, William H.                                        42
+  Preston, Captain                                            68
+  Prince of Wales                                             28
+
+  QUEEN ANNE                                                   6
+
+  READ, THOMAS                                                16
+  Revere, Paul                                                71
+  Rhodes, Captain                                             84
+  Rogers, Rev. Mr.                                            13
+  Rowe, John                                                  54
+  Ruskin, John                                                99
+  Russell, Benjamin                                           25
+  Russell, Daniel                                             65
+
+  SALISBURY, ELIZABETH                                        67
+  Salisbury, Samuel                                           67
+  Savage, Samuel Phillips                                     63
+  Scott, William                                              94
+  Shays, Daniel                                               89
+  Shirley, General William                                    28
+  Spencer, Herbert                                             6
+  Stevens, Captain                                            80
+  Storr, Marmaduke                                            60
+  Story, Joseph                                               42
+  Story, William W.                                           42
+
+  TEMPLE, HON. JOHN                                           33
+  Thorn, Dr.                                                  50
+  Treadwell, Jonathan                                         92
+
+  UPHAM, CHARLES W.                                           47
+
+  WASHINGTON, GEORGE                                           4
+  Waters, Josiah                                              29
+  Watson, Mr.                                                 21
+  Webb, Joseph, Jr.                                           71
+  Whipple, Joseph                                             90
+  Whitefield, Rev. George                                 57, 58
+  Whitmore, Major-General                                     66
+  Wickham, Captain                                            56
+  Winter, Joshua                                              80
+  Willard, Joseph                                         75, 78
+  Williams, Jonathan                                          70
+  Wolfe, General James                                    25, 27
+  Wood, William                                               13
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL
+
+IN NEW ENGLAND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WITHIN the last few years many young ladies have searched country houses
+or ransacked old garrets to find spinning-wheels, which, like old
+chairs, tall clocks, and warming-pans, have now become objects of
+curiosity and interest to those who take a fancy to antique articles. It
+has become fashionable to have these things to adorn our Queen Anne
+houses. And brass andirons and shovels and tongs have come into request,
+so that we may enjoy the luxury of an open wood fire, which, to our
+mind, is one of the most cheerful things in this world. Some one has
+remarked "that to be well-dressed gives a feeling of satisfaction that
+religion fails to give;" but to us, to sit before a blazing wood fire on
+a dull, cold evening, gives a feeling of comfort and delight which
+surpasses anything we know of. What charming companionship in a wood
+fire! Better than the company of uncongenial persons.
+
+    "Old wood to burn,"
+    "Old books to read:"
+
+these are enough; we will leave out the "old wine to drink."
+
+      "This bright wood fire,
+    So like to that which warmed and lit
+    My youthful days, how doth it flit
+      Back on the periods nigher!
+    Re-lighting and re-warming with its glow
+    The bright scenes of my youth,--all gone out now."
+
+Glance backward to some years before the Revolution, and we shall find a
+spinning-wheel in every house, and then, probably, in constant use. Now
+its place in our homes is taken by the piano. This instrument had not
+then come into use. Something resembling it,--namely, the spinnet or the
+harpsichord,--was to be found in some instances; but it was by no means
+common to find these, for there was but little knowledge of music in
+America in those days. A hundred years ago, only one or two churches in
+Boston had organs, and the public taste, except in rare cases, was
+decidedly against music of all kinds, especially sacred music. To show
+how this was, we have heard an old lady say that when she was young,
+some eighty years or so ago, "musicians, for the most part, were not
+thought much of" by the most cultivated people of that time; and she
+assured me that even at a later date, members of military bands, as well
+as organists and violinists (then called fiddlers) were too often low
+characters and men much addicted to drinking. The times were too hard
+for the New England people of those days to cultivate music or indulge
+in entertainments of any kind except "going to meeting." There was but
+little money in circulation, and that was almost always in the form of a
+depreciated currency. Gold and silver were scarce articles, and a large
+proportion of the necessities of life and luxuries--if luxuries they
+could be called; they would hardly be so considered by us--were imported
+from England or elsewhere. The leading occupations were farming,
+fishing, making New England rum, importing rum, sugar, and molasses
+from the West Indies, and dry goods from England. The common people were
+poor enough, in comparison with the condition of the same class at the
+present time, when they make as good an appearance as the wealthy did a
+hundred years ago. It would be safe to say that they have more comforts
+and conveniences in their homes to-day than the more prosperous had at
+the time of the Revolution. The humorist, John Phenix, said that "Gen'l
+Washington never saw a steamboat, nor rode in a railroad car;" and
+possibly his house was not heated by steam, or furnished with pipes for
+hot and cold water. Nor did he ever use gas, or the telegraph or
+telephone. Whether the people who lived then would have shown the
+extravagance which characterizes our time if they had possessed the
+means, is a question not easily to be answered; but it is certain they
+were more frugal than we are, if not more industrious. The Revolution
+left the masses of the people in rather a destitute condition, and they
+were forced to be economical. Their habits were so entirely different
+from modern habits that it would exceed our limits to undertake to draw
+a careful comparison. It is said that the people of those days bewailed
+the degeneracy of the times, and spoke of the industry and frugality of
+earlier periods.
+
+                                  NORWICH, May 6, 1784.
+
+    A correspondent observes, that the extravagances of the
+    present day are fully demonstrated in the broadcloth coats
+    and silk gowns,--the powder and feathers, the ruffles and
+    cardinals, the silk stockings and feet trappings--In the
+    feasts, the dancing parties and select companies--and what
+    is the more melancholy, all orders and degrees help form the
+    circle.--Where is the simplicity in dress and manners;
+    temperance in meats and drinks, which formed the virtuous
+    characters of our illustrious ancestors?--O! the degeneracy
+    of the times!
+
+                                               _Salem Gazette._
+
+Just as our ancestors did, as Macaulay says, in the days of Charles the
+First; they thought they were not as good as their ancestors had been.
+This habit of looking back to a time so remote that "distance lends
+enchantment to the view," seems to be almost universal. It is this
+feeling of reverence for the old that makes it so interesting to us, and
+leads us to look at things of the past poetically rather than
+practically; although it is true that sometimes the interest taken in
+inconvenient and uncomfortable articles arises rather from their age
+than from anything else. But oftentimes the very simplicity, solidity,
+and strength of old furniture, for instance, is charming, in contrast
+with the elaborate, unmeaning carvings and flimsy character of more
+modern productions. We are beginning to see how much more sensible the
+Chippendale and other styles commended by Eastlake and some other
+writers on household art are to much that has been produced in later
+times. Yet we must allow that prejudice and fashion go a great way in
+determining our likes and dislikes, in furniture as well as in dress and
+other things. Very likely in a few years we shall tire of the Queen Anne
+houses and furniture, and hard floors, and have a surfeit of
+_Anglomania_, especially if we carry the taste too far. In this country,
+as Emerson says, "Every rider drives too fast." It is hard to be simple
+and slow. We must build fast, eat fast, and live fast. But Emerson says
+again, "Nature has no respect for haste." Herbert Spencer has given us
+in a kindly spirit some hints on this score which it would be well to
+heed. But we are wandering from our immediate subject. Our desire is to
+illustrate, in the very words of the people of the period we refer to,
+the views they entertained of economy and industry, and how they carried
+them out. We will begin, then, in the year 1759, with a curious letter
+to the "Boston Gazette" of June 11 of that year, in which the writer
+gives some account of the cost of provisions at that period.
+
+    _To the Trading and Farming People of_ New England.
+
+        GENTLEMEN.
+
+    I Have been coming and going among you since the Year 1745.
+    I am now once more on Service in this Part of the World, and
+    not a little surprized at the Alteration in the Value of
+    your Provisions, since my Knowledge of your Country. When I
+    first came among you, I could have bought a Pound of Beef
+    for a Penny, a Goose for a Shilling, a Fowl for three Pence,
+    and so in Proportion. It now is, I think, four Pence
+    Sterling for a Pound of Beef, eighteen Pence Sterling for a
+    Fowl, and three Shillings for a Goose. Pray Gentlemen, when
+    that is the Price at _Boston_, what must we pay for it at
+    _Louisbourg_, after it has gone thro' the Hands of many
+    different People that are to live out of it. Our Pay is not
+    increased.
+
+    I would say nothing to influence you to sell cheaper, from
+    Motives disinterested or publick spirited, as that weighs
+    but little with the Generality of Mankind. But consider your
+    own Interest, the War can last but little longer: This
+    Campaign, in all Probability, will put an End to it, then
+    where will you find a Market for your Stock you raise.
+    Consider with the Fall of this present Summer, its pretty
+    certain the Soldiers and Seamen at present employed for your
+    Defence, will be called to Britain: Take the Market while it
+    holds Gentlemen. We have Beef found us, that is to say, the
+    Publick purchases it; let us now and then taste of your
+    Veal, Mutton and Fowls for our Money, and we will spend all
+    among you; and we expect both Interest and Inclination will
+    prompt you to give us an ample Supply.
+
+    I am your Friend, _An_ ANTI-CANADIAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the same paper is an auction advertisement, showing how they mixed
+the different kinds of _property_.
+
+    TO be Sold by publick Vendue on _Scarlet's_ Wharff, at the
+    North End of _Boston_, THIS AFTERNOON, at IV o'Clock, Sundry
+    Hogsheads of Sugar, four likely Negro Men, and a Parcel of
+    old Copper; Prize Goods lately brought into this Port.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 19th November we are shown how remittances were made in those
+days.
+
+    We hear that the Treasurer of this Province has received a
+    Bill of Lading for two Boxes of Portugal Gold, ship'd by Mr.
+    Agent Bollan, on board the Mercury Man of War, amounting to
+    Twenty thousand six hundred and eighty Pounds, seventeen
+    shillings and six Pence; being Part of the £27,000 granted
+    by Parliament in 1757, to this Province, to recompence them
+    for the Expences they were at in the Expedition in
+    1756.--Said Ship may be daily expected.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And here is a description of a vessel of the time.
+
+    Mr. James Hudson came Passenger in the Vessel that arriv'd
+    at Cape-Ann, mention'd in our last, which saw a Wreck in
+    Lat: 36, he says, she was a Frigate built Ship of about 200
+    Tons burthen, had a Lion Head painted yellow, a short Topgal
+    on Quarter-Deck, a small Tafrail painted yellow, Quarters
+    and Stern painted blue, had a large Trophies painted on her
+    Stern and gilt, full of Water, and no living Person on
+    board.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 5th February in that year, this was the way they advertised for
+recruits for the Government service, offering among other inducements,
+"a Crown to drink the King's health."
+
+    ALL able-bodied fit Men that have an Inclination to serve
+    His Majesty King GEORGE the Second, in the first Independent
+    Company of Rangers, now in the Province of _Nova-Scotia_,
+    commanded by _Joseph Gorham, Esq_; shall, on inlisting,
+    receive good Pay and Cloathing, a large Bounty, with a Crown
+    to drink the King's Health. And by repairing to the Sign of
+    the Bear in King-Street, _Boston_, and to Mr. _Cornelius
+    Crocker_, Innholder in _Barnstable_, may hear the particular
+    Encouragement, and many Advantages accruing to a Soldier, in
+    the Course of the Duty of that Company, too long to insert
+    here; and further, may depend on being discharged at the
+    Expiration of the Time entertained for, and to have every
+    other Encouragement punctually compli'd with.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There was a meeting of "very agreeable Ladies" in the interests of
+economy about the same time.
+
+    In a large Circle of very agreeable Ladies in this Town, it
+    was unanimously agreed to lay aside the Use of Ribbons, &c.
+    &c. &c. for which there has been so great a Resort to
+    Milliners in times past----It is hoped that this Resolution
+    will be followed by others of the Sex throughout the
+    Province--_How agreeable will they appear in their native
+    Beauty, stript of these Ornaments, from the prevailing
+    Motive of Love to their Country._
+
+    We must after all our Efforts, depend greatly upon the
+    Female Sex for the Introduction of Oeconomy among us: And
+    those who have the Pleasure of an Acquaintance with them,
+    assure us that their utmost Aid will not be wanting.
+
+    So strong is the Disposition of the Inhabitants of this Town
+    to take off the Manufactures that come from the Country
+    Towns, especially Womens and Childrens Winter Apparel, that
+    nothing is wanting but an Advertisement where they may be
+    had in Town, which will be taken in, and published by the
+    Printers of this Paper _Gratis_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Labrador tea began to take the place of green and bohea.
+
+    Messieurs EDES & GILL,
+
+    THE use of _Hyperion_ or _Labradore Tea_, is every day
+    coming into more general vogue among people of all ranks.
+    The virtues of the plant or shrub from which this delicate
+    _Tea_ is gathered, were first discovered by the
+    _Aborigines_, and from them the _Canadians_ learned them. It
+    soon became into such repute that quantities were sent to
+    _France_, where I have heard say, it was soon in such
+    demand, as alarmed the _French East-India_ company, and
+    procured an ordinance prohibiting the importation of any
+    more on the pain of death. So little do some politicians
+    regard the health or even the life of man, when either of
+    them appear to be incompatible with their particular
+    interests, views and projects. Before the cession of
+    _Canada_ to _Great-Britain_, we knew little or nothing of
+    this most excellent herb: but since that we have been taught
+    to find it growing on every hill and dale, between the Lat.
+    40 & 60. It is to be found all over New-England in great
+    plenty, and that of the best quality, particularly on the
+    banks of _Penobscot_, _Kennebeck_, _Nichewannock_ and
+    _Merrimac_. Immense quantities may be found on the mountains
+    near the great lakes.
+
+    Nothing short of the highest degree of infatuation and
+    madness could ever have prevailed with us to introduce
+    unwholesome Exoticks. The voice of reason crys louder than
+    ever for their perpetual banishment; and the further use of
+    them must be accounted for but by the force of invincible
+    prejudice. This indeed sometimes leads to a preference of
+    rank poison if far fetched and dear bought, to the most
+    salubrious draught at hand, with little pains or cost, tho'
+    of inestimable value.
+
+                                                A TEA-DRINKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following items, Sept. 17, 1759, throw some light on the state of
+the country in some parts of New England, where, even if the "Lyons"
+once seen at Cape Ann by Wood had departed, there were still some bears,
+one having been seen within two miles of Boston.
+
+    We hear from Brentwood, in New Hampshire Government, as two
+    Children were gathering Beans in a Field, a large Bear came
+    upon them and kill'd them both;--The Bear was pursued, but
+    could not be found.
+
+    Also from Chester, in the same Government, that a few Days
+    after the above, another Bear came behind a Woman as she was
+    walking along, not far from her House, and tore off the hind
+    Part of her Gown, which he carried off in his Mouth;--but
+    the Woman happily made her Escape from him.
+
+    And from Kingston, in the County of Worcester, we hear, that
+    on Tuesday last as Mr. Stephen Clark of that Town was out a
+    Hunting after Bears, his Next Door Neighbour went out into
+    his Cornfield just at Evening, and seeing something move
+    which he thought was one of those Animals, shott at it, and
+    upon his coming to the place, found it to be Mr. Clark as
+    above-mention'd, shot thro' his Head, to his great surprize.
+
+    We hear from Kittery, that in about 13 Days past, seven
+    large Bears have been kill'd within a Mile of the Rev. Mr.
+    Rogers's Meeting House.
+
+    It is said some of these voracious Animals have ventured
+    down even to some of the Seaport Towns at the
+    Eastward.--Two of them were seen at Medford last Week; and
+    one of them has been lately killed within two Miles of this
+    Metropolis. Some have weighed above 300 lb. Wt.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice to Students of Harvard College:
+
+    _THIS is to give Notice to the Candidates for their second
+    Degree at_ Harvard-College _this Year, that they attend at
+    the College by the 11th Day of_ July _next, and if any shall
+    neglect their Attendance accordingly, without sufficient
+    Reason therefor, they may not expect their said Degrees this
+    Year._                              Cambridge, June 9, 1759.
+
+                                      EDWARD HOLYOKE, President.
+
+    _NOTICE is hereby given to all who desire an Admission into_
+    Harvard College _this Year, That the President and Tutors
+    have determined to attend the Business of Examination on
+    Friday and Saturday the 19th and 20th Days of_ July _next._
+
+    Cambridge, June 9, 1759. EDWARD HOLYOKE, Pres.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When we remember the present condition of the city of Lynn, it is
+interesting to note how that place stood in reference to the shoe
+industry in the year 1762. The "Boston Gazette" of November 2 says:--
+
+    We are confidently told, that in the Town of Lynn upwards of
+    Forty Thousand Pair of Womens Shoes have been made in one
+    Year, equal in Goodness to any imported from Abroad--It is
+    thought that in a few Years they will be supply'd with
+    Callimanco and other Stuffs manufactured in this Province.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The statement has often been made by connoisseurs that there was no
+mahogany furniture in America before the Revolution; but this is a
+mistake, for here, in the "Boston Gazette" of Feb. 5, 1759, is an
+advertisement announcing the sale of a "Beautiful Mehogany Desk and
+Book-Case." Probably this was an early specimen of such kind of work, as
+mahogany, it is said, was not introduced into Europe long before this
+time.
+
+                _To be Sold by_ Moses Deshon,
+
+    On Dock-Square, Next Wednesday, at V o'Clock, in the
+    Afternoon, and Friday Evening following.
+
+    _A Handsome 8 Day Clock, a Brass Grate, Shovel Fire, Tongs,
+    Tables, and a Variety of other Articles; a fine Assortment
+    of English, Scotch, and French Goods._ N.B. _A beautiful
+    Mehogany Desk and Book-Case; and a Quantity of Cannon-Powder
+    to dispose of at private Sale._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A curious advertisement of a runaway convict in Maryland appears in the
+same paper, Sept. 15, 1759:--
+
+                  Fifteen Pistoles Reward.
+
+    RAN-AWAY from the Subscriber, (living at ANNAPOLIS, in
+    MARYLAND) in _June_ last, a Convict Servant Man, named
+    _Thomas Read_, alias _Cutbert_, about 25 or 30 Years of Age,
+    5 Feet, 4 Inches high, well set, grey Eyes, large Nose, and
+    had short brown curl'd Hair. He is supposed to be in
+    _Boston_, or some of the Northern Governments; is a
+    Jeweller, and Motto-Ring-Engraver, and is an artful
+    talkative pert Fellow;--can write pretty well, and has
+    doubtless help'd himself to a Discharge, Pass, or any other
+    Writing to deceive, and suit his Purpose; His Apparel is
+    probably genteel, as he had Money with him, a Watch in his
+    Pocket, and a large Stock of Pride; By what Name he now goes
+    is uncertain, as he has Impudence eno to pick & chuse any he
+    should think proper.
+
+    Whoever takes the said Convict Servant, and returns him to
+    his Master, shall have FIFTEEN PISTOLES Reward, and
+    reasonable Charges paid, by
+
+    _Annapolis, September 15, 1759._                  JOHN INCH.
+
+    Boston, Printed and Sold by EDES & GILL. 1759.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the year 1762 there appears to have been quite a stir in reference to
+economy and home productions, and doubtless the spinning-wheels were
+constantly in use. In the "Boston Gazette," November 2, is a very
+curious letter of Henry Flynt, a noted teacher, addressed to the ladies
+of North America.
+
+
+                _To the_ LADIES _of_ NORTH AMERICA.
+
+    LADIES,
+
+    _I AM one of those who think it not only high Time but of
+    the last Importance, that you should be publickly addressed:
+    And of the many ingenious Pens, which in the Course of a few
+    Years have informed and enlightened this Country, I have
+    often wished that at least some one of them had been more
+    particularly devoted to your Service. This would have
+    agreeably prevented me in an attempt to which I find myself
+    in all Respects but too unequal. Yet relying on your good
+    Sense and Candour, I venture to lay at your Feet a few
+    well-intended Sentiments, which tho' in a plain homespun
+    Garb, I hope will not offend. I am convinced that at this
+    present it is not only in your Inclination and Will, but
+    also in your Power, to effect more in favour of your
+    Country, than an Army of an Hundred Thousand Men; and indeed
+    more than all the armed Men on this vast Continent._--Can a
+    Woman forget her Ornaments? _Yes I know she can._ Deborah
+    _once judged Israel, and some think it was never judged
+    much better afterwards. But what tho't_ Deborah _or_ Jael
+    _of their Ornaments, when the one was contriving, & the
+    other driving the Nail that would go? What tho't beautiful_
+    Esther _of her Ornaments, when those of her Kindred &
+    Houshold were in immediate and imminent Danger, by the
+    Decree treacherously obtained by_ Haman, _from the mouth of
+    her beloved and almost adored_ Lord Ahasuerus _the Great?
+    What tho't_ Judith _of her Ornaments, when she was severing
+    the Head of_ Holofernes _from his Body, or while flying with
+    the Prize to the Relief of her despairing Friends? The Time
+    would fail me, were I to recount the wondrous Deeds and
+    mighty Atchievements of renowned and honorable Women in all
+    Ages._
+
+    _I have but alluded to a few Instances, among many of divine
+    Heroism in your Sex, which hath often saved a Country, when
+    the dull ploding Wisdom of man has been totally at a Plunge.
+    How near we are to such a_ Crisis, _is left to the
+    Conjecture of others. It would be a little out of Nature to
+    expect the Birth and Exploits of Heroines to take Place
+    before those of Heroes. I believe we shall be furnished with
+    both in their Order, as Occasion may require. All I think at
+    present that can be reasonably expected or desired of you,
+    is to consent to lay aside all superfluous Ornaments for a
+    Season--after which they shall be surely returned to you
+    again with Interests.--You shall be cloathed in Purple, and
+    Scarlet, and Fine Linnen of our own, and with other glorious
+    Apparel; which, if possible, shall add a Lustre to your
+    native Charms._
+
+                                                    HENRY FLYNT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Newport, R.I., has the reputation of having been engaged in the
+slave-trade before the Revolution; and the following item, in the
+"Boston Gazette," June 30, 1762, noticing without comment the arrival of
+a Guinea trader there, would seem to show it to have been not an
+uncommon occurrence.
+
+    We hear from Newport, Rhode Island, That Capt. Carpenter was
+    arrived there from the Coast of Guinea, having had 104 Days
+    Passage, ten Days whereof they were without Meat, but had a
+    Sufficiency of Rice and Corn. They lost but six Slaves out
+    of 69 they bro't out with them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 5th of November "the gunpowder treason and plot" was formerly
+pretty generally remembered,--by the boys, at least, who made bonfires
+and burned tar-barrels. We believe the custom has fallen into disuse
+except in Salem and Marblehead, where there seems to be a little
+"Colonialism" left. As recently as 1885 the writer saw a bonfire in
+honor of the occasion on a hill near the latter place. In 1762 there
+must have been quite a demonstration, if we can judge anything by a
+vote of the town of Boston. Englishmen visiting us have sometimes
+expressed astonishment at learning that this curious custom should still
+be kept up here, while it had been abolished at home.
+
+    Upon a motion made, _Voted_, That the Town will take all
+    proper Measures, by keeping in their Children and Servants,
+    & other Ways, to prevent the Disturbances which have
+    sometimes happened on or about the 5th Day of November.
+
+             Attest,
+                  William Cooper, _Town-Clerk_.
+
+    _Tuesday last (5th November) being the Anniversary of the
+    happy Deliverance of the British Nation from the Popish
+    Powder Plot, at Noon the Guns at Castle William and at the
+    Batteries in this Town were fired: At One all the nine Men
+    of War then in this Harbour also fired._
+
+                      From the _Essex Gazette_, Nov. 12, 1771.
+
+The accommodation offered for travel between Boston and New York before
+the Revolution must have been slim enough, judging from an advertisement
+in the "Boston Gazette" in 1761. Passengers then went by vessel from
+Providence; that is, "Gentlemen Passengers." Whether ladies were
+accommodated or not, does not appear; but perhaps they were in the habit
+of going by stage, taking a week or so to accomplish the journey, or,
+more than likely, few ever travelled at all in those times. In our day,
+when every one is on the move, it is hard to realize this state of
+things.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _Notice is Given, That SAMUEL and WILLIAM CHACE, of_
+    Providence, _have a suitable Vessel that goes steadily
+    between there and_ New-York. _So that all Gentlemen
+    Passengers and others that incline to take the Rout from_
+    Boston _to_ New-York, _or from_ New-York _to_ Boston, _may
+    be well accommodated._
+
+                                    Providence, Aug. 29, 1761.
+
+"In 1756," Watson says, "the first stage was started between
+Philadelphia and New York by Mr. Butler; three days through in summer
+time, five and six in winter. In 1765 a second stage was started, to go
+through positively in three days. This was a covered Jersey
+wagon,--fare, twopence per mile. In 1766 another stage, called the
+'Flying Machine,' was started, to go through in two days,--threepence
+per mile."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A brief account of Montreal in the "Boston Gazette," March 30, 1761.
+
+                        NEW-YORK, March 23.
+
+                Extract of a Letter from Montreal.
+
+    ----"The Case of the poor Canadians is really deplorable,
+    occasioned by the bankruptcy of the crown of France. Many of
+    them who had, with great danger and labour, acquired estates
+    worth 20,000 l. sterl. by the fur-trade, or otherwise, can
+    now scarce procure a dinner. All their remittances from
+    their mother country, consisted in bills on the French King,
+    which are not now worth one farthing, as no body whatever
+    will accept of them in payment. It is computed there is
+    above the value of 3,000,000 l. sterling of these useless
+    paper scraps, circulated through the colony, which, as a
+    reward to the wretched inhabitants for all their hardships
+    and fatigues, must now supply the place of affluence and
+    independence. Most, if not all of them, are perfectly
+    reconciled to the British government, as they can now with
+    security enjoy any little property they have; whereas
+    formerly, Governor Vaudreuil made no ceremony of seizing the
+    produce of their lands, their merchandize and manufactures
+    of every kind, and after conveying them to the King's store
+    houses, paid to the proprietors any price he pleased. If the
+    owners thereafter had occasion for any of their own
+    commodities, they could not procure them under twenty times
+    the price they had received.
+
+    "Montreal in general is a well built town, but incapable of
+    any defence. The churches are elegant, and the houses of
+    some of their principal men are really magnificent; though
+    few in number. The Hotel Dieu is by far the finest hospital
+    I ever saw, every thing in it is extremely neat and
+    convenient.
+
+    "The people here are extravagantly fond of dress; a stranger
+    would take Montreal to be a city inhabited by none but the
+    rich and idle: they are all finely powdered, walk with their
+    hats under their arms, and wear long coats, adorned with
+    tinsel lace, and buttoned down to the extremity. Since I
+    came here, I have not seen one man dressed like a tradesman.
+    The ladies in general are handsome, extremely gay, and well
+    bred."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1767 the best soap and "dipt" and "mould" candles were sold at the
+post-office in Boston, according to an advertisement in the "Gazette" of
+October 26. The candles were made of tallow, and gave but little light,
+requiring almost constant snuffing. Other kinds of candles were not in
+general use in New England in the last century. Sperm oil and sperm or
+wax candles could be used only by the wealthy. Many families, for
+economy, made their own candles. This practice was common in New England
+down to within fifty years.
+
+It will be recollected that Dr. Franklin's father was a tallow-chandler
+in Boston, and that the Doctor himself worked at the business when a
+boy. Elizabeth Franklin, whose name appears in the following
+advertisement, was probably a relative of the family.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            SOLD BY
+                     _Elizabeth Franklin,_
+                      At the Post-Office,
+
+    THE best true Crown Soap, Alicant best hard Soap, by the
+    Doz. or single Pound, dipt and mould Candles at the lowest
+    Price.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Every week the burials and baptisms in Boston were thus inserted in the
+papers. The following is from the "Gazette" of Nov. 23, 1767:--
+
+    Buried in the Town of Boston since our last, Five Whites.
+    Three Blacks. Baptiz'd in the several Churches, Four.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This custom was continued many years. We take the following from the
+"Massachusetts Centinel," April 2, 1788:--
+
+    BURIED _in town last week_ 11--BAPTISED 14.
+
+    Published by BENJAMIN RUSSELL, near the State-House, Boston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+General Wolfe's Manifesto from the "Boston Gazette," Dec. 10, 1759.
+
+    _As the Manifesto lately published was only a Translation
+    from a French Manuscript, we are requested to publish the
+    following, which is_
+
+                  _General_ WOLFE's Manifesto,
+                    _as written by Himself._
+
+    THE formidable Sea and Land Armament which the People of
+    _Canada_ now behold in the Heart of their Country is
+    intended by the King my Master to check the insolence of
+    _France_;--To revenge the Insults offered to the _British_
+    Colonies, and totally deprive the _French_ of their most
+    valuable Settlements in _North-America_.
+
+    For these Purposes only is the Formidable Army under my
+    Command intended.
+
+    The King of _Great-Britain_ wages no War with the
+    Industrious Peasant, the sacred Orders of Religion, or the
+    defenceless Women and Children: To these in their
+    distressful Circumstances His Royal Clemency offers
+    Protection. The People may remain unmolested on their Lands,
+    inhabit their Houses, and enjoy their Religion in Security.
+    For these inestimable Blessings, I expect the _Canadians_
+    will take no Part in the Great Contest between the two
+    Crowns; But if by a vain Obstinacy, and misguided Valour,
+    they presume to appear in Arms, they must expect the most
+    fatal Consequences; their Habitations destroyed, their
+    sacred Temples exposed to the Fury of an exasperated
+    Soldiery; their Harvest utterly ruined, and the only Passage
+    of Relief stopped up by a most formidable Fleet.--In this
+    unhappy Situation, and closely attacked by another great
+    Army, what can the wretched Natives expect from Opposition!
+
+    THE unparelelled Barbarities exerted by the _French_ against
+    our Settlements in _America_, might justify the bitterest
+    Revenge in the Army under my Command; but _Britons_ breathe
+    higher Sentiments of Humanity, and listen to the merciful
+    Dictates of the Christian Religion. Yet should you suffer
+    yourselves to be deluded by an imaginary Prospect of our
+    want of Success; should you refuse those Terms, and persist
+    in Opposition; Then surely will the Law of Nations justify
+    the Waste of War, so necessary to crush an ungenerous Enemy:
+    and Then, the miserable _Canadians_ must in the Winter have
+    the Mortification of seeing those very Families, they have
+    been exerting a fruitless and indiscreet Bravery for, perish
+    by the most dismal Want and Famine.
+
+    In this great Dilemma let the Wisdom of the People of
+    _Canada_ shew itself!
+
+    _BRITAIN_ stretches out a powerful, yet a merciful Hand,
+    Faithful to her Engagements, and ready to secure them in
+    their most valuable Rights and Possessions.
+
+    _FRANCE_, unable to support _Canada_, deserts her Cause at
+    this important Crisis, and during the whole War has assisted
+    her with Troops, who have been maintained _only_ by making
+    the Natives feel all the Weight of grievous and lawless
+    Oppression.
+
+                                                    JAMES WOLFE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                    Boston, _November 2, 1761_.
+
+    _Last Evening, just at Eight o'Clock, this Town was alarmed
+    with the Shock of an_ EARTHQUAKE.
+
+                                                   _Gazette._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 15th of August, 1763, the "Boston Post-Boy" gives the following
+account of the celebration of a royal birthday:--
+
+                      _BOSTON, August 15._
+
+    On Friday being the Birth-Day of the _Prince of Wales_, and
+    the Anniversary of the Accession of the House of _Hanover_,
+    and also of the Surrender of the _Havanna_, which was the
+    immediate Means of bringing about the Peace; at One o'Clock
+    the Guns at the Castle and Town Batteries were Fired; and in
+    the Evening his Excellency the Governor gave a Ball at
+    Concert Hall. There were present about 240 Gentlemen and
+    Ladies; the Ball was opened by General _Shirley_ and the
+    Governor's Lady about 8 o'Clock; the Country Dances began
+    about nine, and about ten a Supper Room was opened, where
+    was a very handsome Collation. The Ladies made a brilliant
+    Appearance, and the Company expressed the highest Pleasure
+    and Satisfaction on the Occasion, and broke up about two in
+    the Morning. The whole was conducted with the greatest
+    Order, Elegance and Decorum.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The great military "occasion" of those days was the annual parade of the
+Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. In June, 1763, that Company
+celebrated its one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary. In the "Boston
+Post-Boy" of June 13 we have this account:--
+
+    Monday last, agreeable to ancient Custom, the Artillery
+    Company of the Province, appeared under Arms, being the
+    Anniversary of the Election of Officers for the Company: A
+    Sermon was preached by the Rev'd Mr. _Balch_ of _Dedham_, at
+    the Old Brick Meeting-House, where his Excellency the
+    Governor, the Members of his Majesty's Council and House of
+    Representatives, with a Number of other Gentlemen, attended;
+    after which they proceeded to Faneuil-Hall, where an elegant
+    Dinner was provided; and in the Afternoon the following
+    Gentlemen were chosen for the ensuing Year, viz.
+
+                 _Thomas Marshall_, Esq; Captain,
+                 Mr. _Josiah Waters_, Lieutenant,
+                 Mr. _Jeremiah Belknap_, Ensign.
+
+    In the Evening a plentiful Repast was given by the Officers
+    newly elected, at Faneuil-Hall; where many loyal Healths
+    were drank.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After the great fire in Boston in March, 1760, this item appeared in the
+"Gazette" of May 19:--
+
+    We hear that _Charles Ward Apthorp_, Esq; of _N.-York_,
+    Merchant, upon hearing of the Calamity which had befallen
+    this Town by the late dreadful Fire, generously ordered his
+    Agent here to pay to the Gentlemen appointed to receive the
+    Donations of charitable dispos'd Persons the Sum of _One
+    Hundred_ Pounds, L.M. for the Relief of the Sufferers.
+
+Mr. Apthorp, of New York, made this generous donation--a large sum for
+that time--for the relief of the sufferers of his native place.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 30th of March, 1761, the "Boston Gazette" prints the following
+among its items of news:--
+
+    _The following Proverbs we hope will not be disregarded,
+    tho' taken from a Book in the Hands of almost every
+    Freeholder in this Province; for they are true English
+    Proverbs_----
+
+    _LOOK before you leap--Wise Men think twice before they act
+    once--Avoidance is better than late Repentance--Put your
+    Hand in the Lion's Mouth, then get it out if you can--Haste
+    makes Waste--Fast bind fast find--A Wedge once enter'd, the
+    Log flies--You may add, when you cannot take away--Cut your
+    Coat according to your Cloth--A rash Beginning makes a
+    foolish Ending--Better late than never--He that acts for
+    others, should act with Caution--Once well done is twice
+    done--A wise Man foreseeth the Storm and secureth
+    himself----Of all Murderers, Self-Murderers are the most
+    stupid--A Snake in the Grass may bite before it is seen._
+
+           A Word to the Wise is sufficient. AMEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOSTON IN OLDEN TIMES.--The "Boston Transcript," in a notice of the
+newspapers published in Boston in 1767, of which there were ten, says:
+The printer in those days was a man of "all work." If a negro or horse
+was up for sale, the printer was the seller. The advertisements in these
+old papers are curiosities in their line. The following notices appeared
+in the advertising columns of the "Boston Evening Gazette," in 1741:--
+
+    "To be sold by the Printer of this Paper, the very best
+    negro woman in this town, who has had the small pox and the
+    measles; is as hearty as a horse, as brisk as a bird, and
+    will work like a beaver."
+
+    "To be sold by the Printer of this Paper, a negro man about
+    thirty years old, who can do both town and country business
+    very well, but will suit the country best, where they have
+    not so many dram-shops as we have in Boston. He has worked
+    at the printing business fifteen or sixteen years; can
+    handle axe, saw, spade, hoe, or other instrument of
+    husbandry, as well as most men, and values himself, and is
+    valued by others, for his skill in cookery."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This item, from a paper of 1767, seems to show that the Government was
+not then obliged to have a "bill" to uphold silver, for it was evidently
+in the ascendency; but there was no Western territory at that time, or
+rather, it had not been discovered.
+
+    Gold as well as Silver will be taken for the Tickets, and
+    the Prizes paid off in like Manner. Prizes not demanded
+    within Twelve Months after Drawing, will not be paid, but
+    will be deem'd as generously given for the Purpose
+    aforesaid, and applied accordingly.
+
+    Tickets to be had of the respective Managers, and of Edes
+    and Gill.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Fashionable weddings in the days of the spinning-wheel were not so fully
+described as they are at the present day. Nothing used to be said about
+the "magnificent dresses," "best man," "ushers," "contracting parties,"
+"elegant presents," etc., etc.; there was a simple announcement of the
+fact. Here are specimens of marriage announcements,--persons belonging
+to the first families in Boston.
+
+                 "Boston Gazette," Feb. 5, 1759.
+
+    Last Thursday Morning, was married at King's-Chappel, Dr.
+    THOMAS BULFINCH, Son of the late Dr. BULFINCH of this Town,
+    to Mrs. SUSAN APTHORPE, Daughter of the late CHARLES
+    APTHORPE, Esq; The Rev'd Mr. APTHORPE perform'd the
+    Ceremony, before a very great Number of Spectators.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+               "Columbian Centinel," March 26, 1788.
+
+    ----Mr. THOMAS H. PERKINS, merchant, to Miss SALLY ELLIOT,
+    only daughter of Mr. SIMON ELLIOT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    "Gazette," Jan. 26, 1767.
+
+                    BOSTON, January 26, 1767.
+
+    Tuesday the Honorable JOHN TEMPLE, Esq; Surveyor-General of
+    North-America, was married to Miss BOWDOIN, Daughter of the
+    Honorable JAMES BOWDOIN, Esq; of this Town.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Specimen of a house in "Corn-Hill," from the "Post-Boy," May 7, 1763.
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+                          TO BE SOLD,
+
+    A Large and Commodious Brick Dwelling-House, pleasently
+    scituated in Corn-Hill: For further particulars Enquire of
+    _Green & Russell_ Printers in Queen-street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Virginia Gazette" gives an account of an early and bold attempt at
+British impressment of seamen. This business caused us a great deal of
+trouble in after years, and was one of the causes of "Madison's War," as
+the old people were fond of calling it.
+
+The press-gang was one of the peculiar institutions of Great Britain.
+
+                                       BOSTON, October 26, 1767.
+
+    By the Virginia Gazette, of the first Instant, it appears
+    that Captain Morgan, of the Hornet Sloop of War, concerted a
+    bloody riotous Plan, to impress Seamen, at Norfolk, for
+    which Purpose, his Tender was equipped with Guns and Men,
+    and under Cover of the Night said Morgan landed at a public
+    Wharff, having first made proper Dispositions either for an
+    Attack or Retreat, then went to a Tavern, and took a
+    chearful Glass, after which they went to work, and took
+    every Person they met with, and knocked all down that
+    resisted; and dragged them on board the Tender; but the Town
+    soon took the Alarm, and being headed by Paul Loyal, Esq; a
+    Magistrate, they endeavoured to convince Capt. Morgan of his
+    Error, and being deaf to all they said he ordered the People
+    in the Tender to fire on the Inhabitants, but they refused
+    to obey their Commanders Orders, and he was soon obliged to
+    fly, leaving some of the Hornets behind, who were sent to
+    Gaol, but were afterwards released.
+
+Mr. John Ashton, in his recently published work on "Social Life in
+England at the end of the Eighteenth Century," informs us that one
+evening in the year 1790, 2,100 men were pressed in London alone,
+besides many more at the seaport towns.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the summer of 1762 there was a severe drought in Massachusetts, and
+the Governor issued a proclamation recommending public prayers for rain;
+but it will be noticed that he says if rain should come before the day
+set apart for prayers, then, instead of humiliation, it would be the
+duty of the people to make it a day of thanksgiving. The proclamation
+referred to was published in the "Boston Post-Boy" of July 13, 1762.
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+                           By HIS EXCELLENCY
+
+                         FRANCIS BERNARD, Esq;
+
+    Captain-General and Governor in Chief, in and over His
+    Majesty's Province of _Massachusetts-Bay_ in _New-England_,
+    and Vice-Admiral of the same.
+
+                            A PROCLAMATION
+
+                    _For a Day of Public Prayer._
+
+    IT having pleased Almighty God to visit this Province with
+    another severe Drought, which, if it should continue much
+    longer, cannot fail of bringing great Distress upon the
+    Inhabitants thereof--We are again called upon to supplicate
+    the Interposition of Divine Providence to relieve this
+    Country from the imminent Danger with which it is threatned,
+    by dispensing timely and plentiful Rain.
+
+    I HAVE therefore thought fit to appoint, and I do, by and
+    with the Advice of His Majesty's Council, appoint Wednesday
+    the Twenty-eighth Day of this Instant _July_ to be a Day of
+    Public Prayer throughout the Province: Whereon the whole
+    People may as at one Time humble themselves before Almighty
+    God, acknowledging their great Unworthiness, and confessing
+    their manifold Sins, and imploring the Supreme Dispenser of
+    all Good, that He would be graciously pleased not to
+    with-hold from them the Fruits of the Earth, but by
+    seasonable and refreshing Rains bring what yet remains
+    undestroyed to a due and seasonable Maturity.
+
+    AND WHEREAS some Places have been exempted from the general
+    Want of Rain; and it is to be hoped that before the Day
+    appointed as aforesaid, many others, and possibly the whole
+    Province, may have a gracious and timely Relief: It will be
+    our Duty to intermix Thanksgiving with Humiliation, in such
+    a Manner as the State of the Province, and particular Parts
+    thereof, shall at that Time require.
+
+    And I do order the said Day to be observed as a Day set
+    apart for Religious Worship, and that no servile Labour or
+    Recreation be permitted thereon.
+
+    _GIVEN at the Council-Chamber in_ Boston, _the Ninth Day of_
+    July, 1762, _in the Second Year of the Reign of our
+    Sovereign Lord_ GEORGE _the Third, by the Grace of GOD, of_
+    Great-Britain, France, _and_ Ireland, _KING, Defender of the
+    Faith_, &c.
+
+
+                                                 _Fra. Bernard._
+
+    By His Excellency's Command,
+      A. OLIVER, Secr'y.
+        GOD Save the KING.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Fire-works to be "play'd off," Aug. 13, 1759. From the "Boston Gazette."
+
+    The Publick REJOICINGS in Town this Day, on Account of the
+    Success of His Majesty's Arms in the Reduction of
+    Ticonderoga, Niagara and Crown-Point, by the Troops under
+    the Command of the victorious General AMHERST, are now
+    beginning--A great Number of People have been employ'd in
+    making Fire-Works, &c. which will be play'd off this
+    Evening, when there will be a handsome illumination.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Post-Boy" of November 15 of that year prints the following:--
+
+                      NEW-YORK, November 15.
+
+    The Ships Manchester and Edward, that arrived here lately
+    from London, brought over no less than 206 Chests of Green
+    and Bohea Teas, for the different Merchants of this City.
+
+    Since our last two Vessels arrived here from Ireland, with
+    about 2000 Firkins of choice Irish Butter, which we hope
+    will bring down the Price of that Article.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We get an idea of men's clothing in 1767 from the following:--
+
+    _WHEREAS in the Time of Divine Service Yesterday, the House
+    of the Subscriber was broke open, and the following Things
+    stolen from thence, viz._ a Chocolate-colour Coat and Jacket
+    trim'd with Brass Buttons, a cloth-colour'd cut-velvet
+    Jacket with white Buttons, a pair Wash-Leather Breeches with
+    white Buttons, five Silver Tea-Spoons, and one large ditto,
+    mark'd G.P. _Whoever shall apprehend the Thief or Thieves,
+    so that he or they may be convicted, shall have FOUR DOLLARS
+    Reward, paid by_
+
+                                                  JOHN PRESCOTT.
+
+    Concord, September 14, 1767.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lectures were not common in the last century. It was not until within
+fifty or sixty years ago, when Lyceums began to be established, that the
+lecture system became developed.
+
+We find that in 1769 a Mr. Douglass lectured in Boston, according to an
+advertisement in the "Chronicle," August 17th.
+
+The well-known Colonel David Mason of the Revolution, who was a
+prominent figure among the patriots at Leslie's Retreat at the North
+Bridge in Salem in February, 1775, was one of the earliest, if not the
+very first, to lecture in Salem upon a scientific subject. In the "Essex
+Gazette," Jan. 15, 1771, we find his advertisement:--
+
+            _No longer than next Week, will
+        Continue to be exhibited, every Evening
+    in which the Air is dry, (Saturday and Sunday
+    excepted)_
+
+    A Course of Experiments in that instructive
+    and entertaining Branch of Natural PHILOSOPHY, called
+
+    =Electricity=,
+
+    To be accompanied with Methodical Lectures
+    on the Nature and Properties of that WONDERFUL ELEMENT,
+
+                     By David Mason,
+
+          At his Dwelling-House near the North Bridge.
+           The Course to consist of two Lectures,
+               At a Pistareen each Lecture.
+
+    As the Knowledge of Nature tends to enlarge the human Mind,
+    and give us more noble, more grand and exalted Ideas of the
+    AUTHOR of Nature, and if well pursued, seldom fails
+    producing something _useful_ to Man, 'tis hoped these
+    Lectures may be thought worthy of Regard and Encouragement.
+
+            _Tickets to be had at the above Place._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+             _Positively the LAST NIGHT._
+              =To-Morrow, being Friday,=
+                  _August 17, 1769._
+                   =Mr. Douglass,=
+                 _Will deliver the_
+                      _LECTURE_
+                         ON
+                      =HEADS,=
+          _Coats of Arms, Wigs, Ladies-head
+             Dresses,_ &c, &c, &c, &c.
+           After which, will be pronounced
+                  SOME SELECT PIECES
+                        From
+                 THE MOST CELEBRATED
+                    ENGLISH POETS.
+    *** Tickets for Admission, to be had of _Green_ and
+  _Russell_, and at the _Bunch of Grapes_ in King-Street.
+              _At_ HALF-a-DOLLAR each.
+            To begin exactly at 8 o'clock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Thus we see that Salem was early in the field of literature and science.
+Its citizens must take pride in remembering such great names as
+Nathaniel Bowditch, William H. Prescott, Joseph Story, Timothy
+Pickering, John Pickering, Benjamin Peirce, William W. Story, Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, and many others.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When we see the great waste of paper in these days,--handbills,
+circulars, and newspapers, which are blowing about the streets at
+times,--we sometimes wonder how it was in 1767, on October 19, when the
+following notice appeared in the "Boston Gazette."
+
+    --> _THIS is to give Notice, That on_ TUESDAY _the 27th
+    Instant, the Bell-Cart will go thro'_ Boston, _to collect
+    Linnen Rags for_ Milton _Paper-Mill; as the highest Price
+    will be given, all House-keepers and others are desired to
+    have them in Readiness.--And, as it appears that all Sorts
+    of Paper now to be imported, will come at a much higher
+    Price than usual--if People will but save their Rags, it
+    will not only be greatly interesting to the Public that the
+    aforesaid Mill should have a full Supply, but will also
+    encourage the manufacturing of all such different Sorts of
+    Paper as are generally used among us, and a little to spare
+    the neighbouring Governments._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Here are two notices,--the first, nearly eight years before the battle
+of Lexington, sounds warlike; the second is a call to promote greater
+economy on the part of the inhabitants.
+
+      _Messieurs_ EDES & GILL,
+
+    _Please to insert the following in your next._
+
+    IT is rumoured, and some say with great Probability, that a
+    Body of Troops are ordered to be in Readiness at Halifax, to
+    embark to any Part on the Continent of America, upon the
+    first Notice of Uneasiness at the Novelties we daily
+    expect.--It is as certain that America is also in Readiness
+    to defend their Liberties at the Risque of every Thing
+    else--there can be no Hesitation whenever the Alternative
+    shall be Slavery or Death--If therefore they wait to know
+    whether we will tamely submit to Slavery, the sooner the
+    Matter is bro't to a Crisis the better.----But while we have
+    any Opinion of the Integrity and good Sense of the
+    Parliament of G.B. such Reports will not easily gain Credit.
+    DETERMINATUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    The Freeholders and other Inhabitants of this Town, are to
+    meet at Faneuil-Hall, on Wednesday next, to consider and
+    agree upon some effectual Measures to promote Industry,
+    Oeconomy, and Manufactures, thereby to prevent the
+    unnecessary Importation of European Commodities, which
+    threaten the Country with Poverty and Ruin, &c.----
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Timothy Pickering, the father of the distinguished Revolutionary officer
+and statesman of the same name, addressed an open letter to King George
+III., which is printed in the "Salem Gazette," Oct. 31, 1769. It is a
+very quaint production, but it shows the writer's love of simplicity and
+downright honesty. He was a sturdy Puritan.
+
+                                              "Oct. 31, 1769.
+
+    "TO THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+    "GREAT SIR,--Your Kingdom is like a House divided against
+    itself. Something Extraordinary must be done. Our
+    Parliaments for fifty years past (or some of them) have
+    ruined the Nation, in making a monstrous Debt by hiring
+    Money, while greater Sums have been expended in Pride and
+    Luxury. Thirteen hundred Thousand Pounds Sterling, the
+    Public Prints tell us, is paid annually to the Dutch as
+    Interest money. My Advice is that all Rulers and Officers,
+    who have high Salaries, drop them, except so much as is
+    necessary for plain Living;--(Samuel had more Honour in his
+    plain Living with his upright Mind, than Saul had in all his
+    Princely Grandeur,)--And that all unnecessary Pensions cease
+    together with military Officers half-pay, (How Unequal are
+    our Ways: These Officers must have large Half-Pay, while the
+    common Soldiers are not allowed small Half-Pay--who have
+    been exposed generally to greater Hardships than their
+    Officers. Either let all have Half-Pay or none. The Soldiers
+    are to be respected as well as their Officers and are as
+    necessary,) and that high Taxes _very high_ be laid on all
+    Pride and Luxury, wherever it is found, the Clergy and the
+    Women not excepted; And that great Taxes be laid on the
+    Rich. I have an Income of but about eighty Pounds Sterling a
+    Year, including my own Hands Labour, nevertheless I am
+    freely willing to pay one quarter Part of it in Taxes till
+    my Public Debts are paid. Others that have Two hundred a
+    Year, can with Ease pay one half of it in Taxes, if need be.
+    _Pay thy Debts_; Owe no man anything is Law, _Divine and
+    Moral_. Immoral Men are in the road that leads to Hell; if
+    they attend Public Worship, they are Hypocrites, like the
+    Scribes and Pharisees, of whom _Christ_ said, Ye are of your
+    Father the Devil. If I understand the Apostle, when such Men
+    sit or kneel at a Communion Table, it is a Table of Devils
+    to them. Pray, Sir, tell your Placemen that the vast
+    Multitude of your Subjects are very uneasy that so much of
+    the Public Money, when raised is sunk in the Gulph of
+    Exhorbitancy. My Governor, Mr. Francis Bernard, demands a
+    thousand Pounds Sterling a Year; one half that Sum is more
+    than Enough, especially as the Nation is ready to sink with
+    the Weight of its Public Debt. The _Clergy_ can tell their
+    Congregations that the New Testament rather reproves than
+    commands the wearing of costly Array and faring sumptuously
+    every Day; And I may venture to tell my Readers that all
+    those who neglect taking a conscientious care to pay their
+    Debts, private Debts, as well as public, are in the high Way
+    to Destruction; the commonness of the Sin don't abate the
+    Malignity of it.
+
+    P.S. Your Majesty sees how diligent Governor Nehemiah was in
+    reforming what was amiss in Israel. He was obliged indeed to
+    contend with the Nobles and the Rulers who opposed him, but
+    he subdued them, and no wonder! Because he feared God and
+    not Man.
+
+    From a loyal Subject of my King and a sincere Friend to his
+    Kingdom.
+
+                                             TIMOTHY PICKERING.
+
+Mr. Pickering wrote a letter to his son, while the latter was a student
+at Harvard College, requesting him not to play at cards, a practice
+which he regarded as wicked. But the son (Colonel Timothy Pickering
+afterwards), as Mr. Upham, his biographer, well remarks, was altogether
+too busy with his studies to waste time over cards.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We do not observe in the old papers much that would indicate a belief in
+modern Spiritualism; but it would seem from some accounts that "angels"
+were occasionally seen. In the cases we quote, the kind of "angels" is
+not stated. Whether they were real live beauties, or not, can only be
+conjectured. Who would not now like to buy one of these books at "four
+Coppers," so as to read all about these angels?
+
+                        _THIS DAY PRINTED._
+
+          (And Sold by _Green & Russel_, in Queen-Street,)
+
+    A True & wounderful Relation of the Appearance of THREE
+    ANGELS, (cloathed in White Raiment) to a young Man at
+    _Medford_, near _Boston_, in _New-England_, on the 4th of
+    _February_ 1761, at Night. Together with the Substance of
+    the DISCOURSE, delivered by one of the Angels, from the 3d
+    Chapter of _Colossians_, and 4th Verse.
+
+                   [Price only four Coppers.]
+
+    --> Good Allowance to those that purchase by the Dozen.
+
+                           _Boston Gazette_, Feb. 18, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+About this time, also, "angels" made their appearance "at home"
+(England), as will be seen by another notice from the same paper.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                         This Day Published,
+
+       (_And Sold by_ Fowle & Draper, _in_ Marlboro'-Street.)
+
+    A full Relation of the surprizing Appearance of an Angel, in
+    the Parish-Church of Gainsbury in Lincolnshire, on
+    Christmas-Day last, in the Morning.--From whom was obtained
+    a Prophecy of many Things that should come to pass in
+    Europe; but more especially in England and France:--The
+    first of which Kingdoms is threatened with several Judgments
+    on Account of their great Misimprovement of peculiar
+    Priviledges: Whilst the latter, notwithstanding their
+    Endeavours to become great, shall be totally destroy'd by
+    Discord among themselves, &c. &c. The whole being a loud
+    Call to Repentance.--Published at the Request of the
+    Parishioners, and attested to by two Ministers, and three
+    Esquires.
+
+                                                        1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the "Boston Post-Boy" for Dec. 12, 1763, is an account of the
+dedication of the Synagogue in Newport, R.I.
+
+                    _NEWPORT, December 5._
+
+    _On Friday last, in the Afternoon, was the Dedication of the
+    new Synagogue, in this Town. It began by a handsome
+    Procession, in which were carried the Books of the Law, to
+    be deposited in the Ark. Several Portions of Scripture, and
+    of their Service, with a Prayer for the Royal Family, were
+    read, and finely sung by the Priest and People. There were
+    present many Gentlemen and Ladies. The Order and Decorum,
+    the Harmony and Solemnity of the Musick, together with a
+    handsome Assembly of People, in an Edifice the most perfect
+    of the Temple Kind perhaps in America, and splendidly
+    illuminated, could not but raise in the Mind a faint Idea of
+    the Majesty and Grandeur of the antient Jewish Worship
+    mentioned in Scripture._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We find by the "Salem Mercury" of March 30, 1789, that New Hackensack
+was fifty or sixty years before Rochester in "rappings" and
+"table-tippings." Who shall say that these manifestations, whatever they
+are, are not as old as man himself? The best and wisest of us do not
+know everything. There may be some science, yet in its infancy, which
+will some day be explained, so that all these things will then be
+perfectly understood. The account here given has no appearance of
+deception. Had the girl lived a hundred years earlier, she would in all
+probability have been hanged for a witch; but had she lived in these
+days, she might have reaped a harvest from lectures and séances.
+
+                     PHILADELPHIA, March 10.
+
+    _Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Fishkill, dated
+                        March 3, 1789._
+
+    "Were I to relate the many extraordinary accounts of the
+    unfortunate girl at New-Hackensack, your belief might,
+    perhaps, be staggered. I shall therefore only inform you of
+    what I was an eyewitness to. Last Sunday afternoon myself
+    and wife went to Dr. Thorn's, and after sitting sometime, we
+    heard a knocking under the feet of a young woman that lives
+    in the family; I asked the Doctor what occasioned the
+    noise--he could not tell, but replied, that he, together
+    with several others had examined the house, but were unable
+    to discover the cause. I then took a candle, and went with
+    the girl into the cellar--there the knocking also continued;
+    but as we were ascending the stairs to return, I heard a
+    prodigious rapping on each side, which alarmed me very much.
+    I stood still some time looking around with amazement, when
+    I beheld some lumber, which lay at the head of the stairs,
+    shake considerably. About eight or ten days after, we
+    visited the girl again--the knocking still continued, though
+    much louder. Our curiosity induced us to pay the third
+    visit, when the phenomena were still more alarming. I then
+    saw the chairs move; a large dining table was thrown against
+    me, and a small stand on which stood a candle, was tossed
+    up, and thrown in my wife's lap; after which we left the
+    house, much surprised at what we had seen."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Advertisements for runaway slaves are very numerous, as well as offers
+for the sale of single slaves. In some instances negro children are "to
+be given away." The following notices are taken from the "Boston
+Gazette" and the "Boston Post-Boy." The descriptions of dress, personal
+appearance, etc., are very curious.
+
+    RAN away from _Thomas Poynton_ of _Salem_, a Negro Fellow,
+    about 25 Years of Age, a short thick-set Fellow, not very
+    black, something pitted with the Small-Pox, speaks bad
+    English: Had on when he went away, a dark colour'd Cloth
+    Coat, lined with red Shalloon, with Mettal Buttons, a blue
+    Sailor's Jacket, and a flowered German Serge Jacket, black
+    knit Breeches, a Pair grey Stockings newly stock'd, an old
+    Beaver Hatt, and an old Drab Great Coat: Any Person that
+    shall take up said Negro, and convey him to _Salem_, or
+    secure him in any Gaol shall be well rewarded, and all
+    necessary Charges paid.
+
+    N.B. All Masters of Vessels and others are cautioned against
+    harbouring, concealing or carrying off the said Negro, as
+    they would avoid the Rigour of the Law.      THOMAS POYNTON.
+
+                                        _Gazette_, Feb. 4, 1766.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                         To be given away,
+
+    A Male Negro Child of a good Breed, and in good Health.
+    Inquire of Green and Russell.
+
+                                 _Post-Boy_, Feb. 28, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            TO BE SOLD.
+
+    A young Negro Woman about 20 Years of Age, born in this
+    Country, possess'd of many good Qualifications, is a very
+    good COOK, can handle her Needle well, and do every Kind of
+    Business about House, and sold only for want of Employ.
+    Enquire of Green & Russell.
+
+        --> She will not be sold out of this Town.
+
+                                    _Post-Boy_, Feb. 28, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    RAN away from his Master, _John Amiel_ of _Boston_, last
+    Thursday Night, a Negro Fellow named _Peer_, he had on when
+    he went away a cloth colour'd Coat, lin'd and trim'd with
+    red, a black broad cloth Waistcoat without sleeves, a yellow
+    pair of leather Breeches, a large pair of silver Buckels, and
+    a good Beaver Hat; he is a thick set Fellow, has very large
+    Feet and Legs, and speaks good _French_ and _English_.
+    Whoever will apprehend the said Negro and bring him to his
+    Master in _Boston_, shall have TWO DOLLARS Reward, and all
+    necessary Charges paid by                     _John Amiel._
+
+    All Masters of Vessels and others, are hereby forbid to
+    harbour, conceal or carry off said Negro Servant, as they
+    would avoid the penalty of the Law.
+
+        _Boston, May 2._
+
+                                    _Post-Boy_, May 10, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                           TO BE SOLD
+
+    A Negro Woman, about Twenty Eight Years of Age; she is
+    remarkably healthy, and strong, and several other good
+    Qualities; and is offer'd to Sale, for no other reason, than
+    her being of a furious Temper, and somewhat lazy; smart
+    Discipline, would make her a very good Servant. Any Person
+    minded to Purchase, may be further inform'd by enquiring of
+    the Printers.
+
+                                        _Gazette_, May 12, 1760.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+            _Newport, Rhode-Island, August 28, 1767._
+
+    Ran-away from _Benjamin Brenton_, a short thick Negro Man
+    named LONDON, has lost his Toes off both Feet. Whoever
+    brings said Negro to his Master, shall have EIGHT DOLLARS
+    Reward, and all Charges paid.
+
+                                            _Boston Gazette._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Boston, for aught we know, did as much in the slave-trade as Newport;
+possibly more. The numerous advertisements of "Prime Men and Boys" and
+"Parcels of likely Negroes" which appear about this time in the Boston
+papers rather indicate a considerable trade in slaves.
+
+
+                  JUST IMPORTED AND TO BE SOLD BY
+                            John Rowe,
+                          AT HIS STORE,
+
+    A few likely Negro Boys, and two Negro Men between 20 and 30
+    Years of Age. Also, Newcastle Coals, Lisbon and Salterduda
+    Salt, A few Pipes of MADEIRA WINES, also Fyal Wines, Quart
+    Bottles by the Groce--Hemp--Russia and Ravens Duck--English Duck
+    of all Numbers--Cordage Anchors--Oznabrigs--Ticklenburgs--Hooks
+    and Lines--Newcastle Crown Glass of all Sizes and in Sheets--ALSO,
+    Bristol Glass of all Sizes--All Sorts of Nails--Scotch Snuff,
+    and a variety of English and Scots Manufactures.
+
+                                   _Boston Post-Boy_, Dec. 19, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    Just Imported from _Africa_,
+           And to be Sold cheap at No. 5 _Butler's_ Row.
+
+    A few prime Men and Boys Slaves from the Gold Coast.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            TO BE SOLD,
+
+    A Parcel of likely Negroes, imported from _Africa_, Cheap
+    for Cash or Credit with Interest; enquire of _John Avery_ at
+    his House, next Door to the white Horse, or at a Store
+    adjoining to said _Avery's_ Distill House, at the South End,
+    near the South Market:--Also if any Persons have any Negroe
+    Men, strong and hearty, tho' not of the best moral
+    character, which are proper Subjects for Transportation, may
+    have an Exchange for small Negroes.
+
+                                          _Boston Gazette_, 1763
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                           JUST Imported,
+
+                           From _AFRICA_.
+
+    A Number of prime young _SLAVES_, from the Windward Coast,
+    and to be Sold on board Capt. _Gwin_ lying at New-Boston.
+
+                              _Boston Gazette_, July 13, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    To be sold, a parcel of likely hearty Negroes, both Male and
+    Female from Ten Years of Age to Twenty, imported the last
+    Week from _AFRICA_. Enquire of Capt. _Wickham_ on board the
+    Sloop _Diamond_, now laying at the Wharff adjoining to JOHN
+    AVERY'S Distill-House near the South Market, or of said
+    _Avery_ at his House next the White Horse.
+
+We have not been able to find that any of the inhabitants of Salem
+engaged in the slave-trade; but we notice that at a town-meeting held in
+the month of May, 1773, the following vote was passed: "That the
+Representatives of the Town be instructed to use their utmost Endeavours
+to prevent the future Importation of Negroes into this Province; their
+Slavery being repugnant to the natural Rights of Mankind and highly
+prejudicial to the Province." It is of course possible that some Salem
+people may have been interested in vessels hailing from other places and
+engaged in this nefarious traffic, as it is now considered.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Arrival of Irish servants at Boston in 1769.
+
+                    _Arrived from IRELAND,_
+
+    THE Ship King of Prussia, ARTHUR DARLEY, master, has on
+    board 30 Servants, some Tradesmen, viz. Taylors,
+    Shoe-makers, Smiths, Weavers, &c. the remainder Country lads
+    that understand Farming business.----His stay here will be
+    short, as he is bound to another Port.
+
+                               _Boston Chronicle_, September 25.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The celebrated revival preacher Rev. George Whitefield was in Boston in
+1764. We take the following item from the "Boston Post-Boy" of February
+24:--
+
+    At a Meeting of the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of the
+    Town of Boston on Friday last, it was voted unanimously,
+    That the Thanks of the Town be given the Rev. Mr. GEORGE
+    WHITEFIELD, for his charitable Care and Pains in collecting
+    a considerable Sum of Money in Great-Britain, for the
+    distressed Sufferers by the great Fire in Boston, 1760; and
+    a respectable Committee was appointed to wait on Mr.
+    WHITEFIELD to inform him of the Vote, and present him with a
+    Copy thereof, which Committee waited upon him accordingly,
+    and received the following Answer,
+
+      _Gentlemen,_
+
+    _This Vote of Thanks for so small an Instance of my
+    good-will to_ Boston, _as it was entirely unexpected, quite
+    surprizes me----Often have I been much concerned that I
+    could do no more upon such a distressing Occasion.----That
+    the Redeemer may ever preserve the Town from such like
+    melancholy Events, and sanctify their present afflictive
+    Circumstances to the spiritual Welfare of all its
+    Inhabitants, is the hearty Prayer of,_
+
+        Gentlemen,
+            Your ready Servant in our common LORD.
+                                         _GEORGE WHITEFIELD._
+
+    The Rev. Mr. WHITEFIELD preached on Tuesday and Saturday
+    last, at the Old South Meeting-House, to large and crouded
+    Auditories.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Marriage of Copley, the celebrated painter, from the "Chronicle," Nov.
+20, 1769.
+
+    Last Thursday Mr. _John Singleton Copley_ was married to
+    Miss _Sukey Clarke_ Daughter of _Richard Clarke_, Esq; and
+    Mr. _Joshua Henshaw_, jun. to Miss _Katherine Hill_,
+    Daughter of Col. _John Hill_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                           Thomas Britt
+
+    Would take a few young Ladies, _&c._ to teach them Spelling,
+    Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, at his School near the
+    Cornfield. ALSO, French taught and translated by said
+    _Britt_.
+
+                               _Boston Gazette_, April 27, 1767.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Where were or where was, as the case might be, the "Cornfields" or
+"Cornfield" of Boston in 1763? Martin Gay kept a store or lived near
+there, and in 1767 Master Britt kept a school for young ladies near the
+"Cornfield."
+
+                         Choice English Peas
+
+    at the North-Mills, TO BE SOLD, by the larger or smaller
+    Quantity, at a low Rate, Enquire of _William Paine_ at said
+    Mills, or of _Martin Gay_, near the Cornfields, _Boston_.
+
+                                                 Dec. 12, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When we remember the old pictures and portraits of stately ladies with
+high headdresses and gentlemen with wigs, the following advertisements
+are interesting:--
+
+                  Joshua Davis, _Peruke-Maker_.
+
+    HEREBY informs his Customers, and others, That he has
+    Remov'd his Shop from the Head of the Long Wharf, next the
+    Crown Coffee House, to the first Shop in Mackrell Lane, next
+    the Bunch of Grapes Tavern, where they may be serv'd with
+    Fidelity and Dispatch.
+
+    --> Said _Davis_ makes the neatest and most fashionable
+    Wiggs, at a moderate Rate.
+
+                                 _Boston Gazette_, Feb. 18, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    A genteel Gold Watch, made by _Marmaduke Storr_, to be Sold,
+    inquire of the Printers.
+                                                 Sept. 14, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    A few Genteel Grey and light Grey London-made WIGS, to be
+    sold by JOHN CROSBY, Periwig Maker near the Sign of the
+    Lamb, also Wig-makers Ribbons, Silk and Cauls, Bodyed
+    Grizle, and Grizle Hairs for cut Wigs, Bleach'd, Tye and
+    Brown Spencer Hairs, white Goat Hairs, white, black, and
+    brown Horse Hairs, Moy Crown Hairs, Cards and Brushes,
+    drawing Cards and Brushes, best Razors, purple Thread, Tupee
+    Irons, & Curling Tongs, Tupee Combs in Cases, Wig Blocks,
+    Silk Puffs, Hair, Powder, Shaving Boxes, & Brushes, wash
+    Ball Boxes, and wash Balls, London black Balls with Printed
+    directions, to use them very Nice, black Sattin Baggs for
+    the Hair, white, black, yellow; & Bear Grees, Pomatum
+    Excellent with their use to make Hair of a good Colour, & to
+    grow thicker, Gold & Silver Powders (so called) to clean
+    Gold and Silver Lace & Embroaderry.
+
+                               _Boston Post-Boy_, Dec. 12, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At fires, leather buckets were used by the inhabitants, and were
+sometimes lost or misplaced, as appears from the following
+advertisements from the "Boston Gazette":--
+
+    LOST at the late Fire on the 5th of November Inst. a Leather
+    Bucket, No. 2, mark'd _Wm. Hickling_: Whoever is taken up
+    the same, are desir'd to return it to the Owner, or the
+    Printers hereof.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _LOST at the Fire near Oliver's-Dock, on the 14th Day of
+    November last, a Pair of Leather Fire Buckets, mark'd_
+    Benj^a. Barnard, _and dated 1757. Whoever will give
+    Information, or bring them to the Printers hereof, shall be
+    handsomely Rewarded._
+
+                                                 Dec. 10, 1759.
+
+Within the writer's recollection, in nearly every house in Salem two or
+more fire-buckets, marked with the owner's name, were, when not in use,
+kept hanging in the front hall. At fires, lanes, as they were called, of
+men were formed, under the direction generally of the fire-wards, and
+water was passed from one to another and to the fire from some
+neighboring pump or cistern.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We see notices like the following of insurance offices; but they were
+principally for marine risks, as not many fire risks were taken before
+the beginning of the present century.
+
+                      _Hurd's_ Insurance-Office,
+
+               At the BUNCH OF GRAPES, STATE-STREET,
+                               BOSTON,
+
+    OPEN at all hours of business, where Policies of Insurance
+    are underwritten upon the most moderate premiums; and the
+    Gentlemen forming this Insurance Company, whose names are
+    inserted in each Policy, having established adequate Funds
+    for the ready payment of such losses as may happen, hereby
+    notify, that business will be done with all possible
+    attention, dispatch and punctuality, by
+
+                                                   JOHN HURD,
+
+    April 8, 1784.                        (Insurance Broker.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+             THIS is to inform all Gentlemen in Trade,
+                                That
+
+                       THE INSURANCE OFFICE
+
+    Lately kept in Ann-Street near the Town-Dock, by SAMUEL
+    PHILLIPS SAVAGE, is removed to the House of the Honorable
+    WILLIAM BRATTLE, Esq; next Door to the British Coffee-House,
+    King-Street: Where the Business of Insurance is carried on
+    as usual.
+
+    _Boston, December 6, 1759._
+
+With regard to policies, the term "under-writer" came from an old
+custom. There were in old times no joint-stock companies for insurance,
+but policies were filled out and left at an office kept by some person
+for the purpose, where any responsible man could sign his name to a
+particular policy and affix such sum as he was willing to risk, and thus
+become one of the "underwriters." We have seen, for instance, a policy
+for $20,000 with twelve or fifteen names of merchants, signed with
+various sums from $500 upwards.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A quaint notice of the death of Obadiah Brown, of Providence, from the
+"Boston Post-Boy":--
+
+                   _PROVIDENCE, June 21, 1762._
+
+    ON Thursday last died at his Seat in the Country, after two
+    Days Illness, OBADIAH BROWN, Esq; in the 50th Year of his
+    Age. He was one of the most considerable Men in this Town:
+    In the various Branches of Business which he carried on, his
+    Activity was unequalled, his Judgment and Prudence oftener
+    admired than imitated, his Honesty and Integrity fit to be
+    drawn into Example.--As a Magistrate, he was judicious,
+    grave, and reserved:--As a Friend, constant, open,
+    facetious, and cheerful:--In the Relations of a Husband,
+    Father, and Master, the deep and real Sorrow of his Widow,
+    the mournful Tears of his Children, and the unusual Cries
+    and Lamentations of his Servants, are invincible Proofs in
+    his Favour. His Beneficence is witnessed by the Sighs of the
+    Poor and Thanks of the Tradesmen: And his Death is
+    universally lamented, because his Life was universally
+    useful.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice of Hon. Daniel Russell, from the "Boston Gazette":--
+
+                             _Charlestown, December 10, 1763._
+
+    ON Tuesday last departed this Life, after a short Illness,
+    the Hon. DANIEL RUSSELL, Esq; who, for upwards of Twenty
+    Years, was a Member of his Majesty's Council for this
+    Province: He also served the Province as Commissioner of
+    Impost, and the County of Middlesex as Treasurer, for more
+    than fifty Years; in the Discharge of all which Offices,
+    such was his conscientious Fidelity and unsullied Integrity,
+    as procured him universal Approbation and Esteem.
+
+    In public and private Life, his whole Conduct was such as
+    evidently showed his invariable desire and endeavour to
+    preserve a Conscience void of Offence both towards God and
+    Man; and by the Rectitude of his Behaviour, to adorn and
+    recommend the holy Religion which he professed, and to
+    approve himself to the all-searching Eye of the Father of
+    Spirits.
+
+    His Memory is greatly honoured by all who were acquainted
+    with him, in whose esteem he was truly that "noblest Work of
+    God, _An honest Man_."
+
+    It is observable that in the several Offices which he
+    sustained, he succeeded his worthy Father and Grandfather;
+    both of whom held and discharged the same, for a great
+    Number of Years, with unspotted Reputation.
+
+    His Remains, we hear, will be inter'd on Monday next, on
+    which Day, had he lived, he would have entered the 79th Year
+    of his Age.
+
+             "The sweet Remembrance of the just
+             "Shall flourish when he sleeps in dust."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Account of the burial of Major-General Whitmore, from the "Boston
+Gazette":--
+
+                    BOSTON, _December 21, 1761_.
+
+    Wednesday afternoon the Corps of Major General WHITMORE was
+    interred in the King's Chapple with all the Honours that
+    this Town could give. The Procession went from the
+    Town-House to the King's Chapple in the following Manner; A
+    Party of the Troop of Horse Guards, the Company of Cadets,
+    the Officers of the Regiment of Militia, the officiating
+    Ministers, the Corps, the Pall supported by six regular
+    Officers, the chief Mourners, the Governor and Lieut.
+    Governor, the Council, the Judges, Justices, Ministers, and
+    principal Gentlemen of the Town, a great Number of Coaches
+    and Chariots following. During the whole Procession
+    Minute-Guns were fired. The Corps was placed in the Middle
+    of the King's Chapple whilst Part of the Funeral Service was
+    performed, and was from thence carried into the Vaults
+    below, and there interred. Whilst the last Service was
+    performing the Cadets fired three Vollies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice of Hon. John Erving, from the "Massachusetts Gazette," Aug. 22,
+1786:--
+
+    Died, last Sunday morning, in the 94th year of his age, the
+    Hon. JOHN ERVING, Esq. who, for twenty years, was a member
+    of the Council under the old constitution, and one of the
+    most eminent merchants in America.
+
+    As a man of probity, and strict honesty, he was universally
+    esteemed. Those who were acquainted with his character must
+    regret the loss of so worthy a member of the community. In
+    his domestick life he was a tender parent and kind
+    master.----His funeral will be this afternoon, precisely at
+    five o'clock, from his house in Tremont-street, where his
+    friends and acquaintance are desired to attend.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice of the death of Mrs. Elizabeth Salisbury, from the "Massachusetts
+Centinel," March 28, 1789:--
+
+    _Last Wednesday night departed this life, very suddenly,
+    Mrs._ ELIZABETH SALISBURY, _the amiable and virtuous Consort
+    of Mr. Samuel Salisbury of this town, merchant. Her funeral
+    will be from his house in Marlborough-street, this
+    afternoon--which her friends are desired to attend._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Boston Chronicle," March 8, 1770:--
+
+                            BOSTON.
+
+    For some days bye-past, there have been several affrays
+    between the inhabitants and the soldiers quartered in this
+    town.
+
+    Last Monday about 9 o'clock at night a most unfortunate
+    affair happened in King-street: The centinel posted at the
+    Custom-house, being surrounded by a number of people, called
+    to the main-guard, upon which Capt. Preston, who was Captain
+    of the day, with a party, went to his assistance: soon after
+    which some of the party fired, by which the following
+    persons were killed and wounded,
+
+    Mr. Samuel Gray, ropemaker, killed.--A Mollatto man, named
+    Johnson, killed.--Mr. James Caldwell, mate of Capt. Morton's
+    vessel, killed.--Mr. Samuel Maverick, wounded, and since
+    dead.--A Lad named Christopher Monk, wounded.--A lad named
+    John Clark, wounded.--Mr. Edward Payne, Merchant, standing
+    at his entry-door, wounded in the arm.--Mr. John Greene,
+    taylor, wounded.--Mr. Patrick Cole, wounded.--David Parker,
+    wounded.
+
+    Early next morning Captain Preston was committed to gaol,
+    and same day 8 soldiers.
+
+    A meeting of the inhabitants was called at Fanueil-hall that
+    forenoon: and the Lieutenant-Governor and Council met at the
+    Council-chamber, where the Colonels Dalrymple and Carr were
+    desired to attend, when it was concluded upon, that both
+    regiments should go down to the barracks at Castle-William,
+    as soon as they were ready to receive them.
+
+    _We decline at present, giving a more particular account of
+    this unhappy affair, as we hear the trial of the unfortunate
+    prisoners is to come on next week._
+
+This is all the "Boston Chronicle" has to say about that great
+historical event of the fifth of March, an event which stirred the whole
+country and filled the minds of the Colonists with a perfect hatred of
+the British power in America,--"The Boston Massacre." The editor of the
+paper was probably a Tory.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Massachusetts Gazette," Feb. 3, 1774, says:--
+
+    We hear that the Hon. JOHN HANCOCK, Esq; is appointed to
+    deliver the ORATION in Commemoration of the Bloody Tragedy
+    on the 5th of March.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Salem Gazette" has this item, March 7, 1782:--
+
+    Last Tuesday Mr. George R. Minot delivered an elegant and
+    spirited Oration, at the old brick meeting-house, in
+    commemoration of the horrid massacre perpetrated on the 5th
+    of March, 1770, by a banditti of the British tyrant's 29th
+    regiment.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It may not be of any consequence to the public to know what kind of coat
+Jonathan Williams wore in 1767, but it may be a matter of curiosity to
+his descendants now living. We take the following advertisement from the
+"Boston Gazette," Dec. 28, 1767:--
+
+    Whereas there has been taken out of the House of _Jonathan
+    Williams_ in Cornhill, two Great Coats, on the 23d Instant,
+    one of his own Wearing a cloth-coloured Drab; the other his
+    Servants, a blue Cloth ditto. Whoever has taken them, and
+    will return the former to said _Williams_, shall have the
+    latter _gratis_, and no Questions ask'd.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            Notice.
+
+    Frequent applications being made to the Town-Cryer, to
+    proceed through the streets in search of Children that have
+    strayed from their home, which practice often excites
+    unnecessary alarm to the inhabitants.
+
+    The public are respectfully desired, in case of any
+    discovery of a child, or children so lost or strayed, to
+    bring them immediately to the subscriber at No. 71, Newbury
+    street.--By an attention to this regulation, Parents and
+    friends may have their anxiety relieved by applying as
+    above.
+
+                          SAMUEL ADAMS, _Town-Cryer_.
+
+                      _Constitutional Telegraph_, Aug. 8, 1800.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Masonic notice from Paul Revere and others, from the "Boston Post-Boy."
+
+    NOTICE is hereby given to the Brethren of the Antient and
+    Honorable Society of FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, That the
+    Feast of St. JOHN the BAPTIST will be Celebrated by the
+    Brethren of St. ANDREW'S Lodge, (duly authoriz'd,
+    constituted and appointed to be held at _Boston_, by the
+    Right Honorable, JOHN LORD ABERDOUR, Grand Master of
+    _Scotland_) on Thursday the 24th Instant, at the
+    Royal-Exchange Tavern in King-Street, Tickets to be had of
+
+                                   JOSEPH WEBB, jun.
+      _Boston, June 14, 1762._     PHILLIP LEWIS,
+                                   PAUL REVERE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The house of Copley, the celebrated painter, is thus advertised:--
+
+             _To be LET, and entered on immediately,_
+
+    THAT elegant, convenient, and most pleasantly situated
+    DWELLING-HOUSE, with a large Garden, and other Land about
+    it, (near his Excellency the Governour's) belonging to Mr.
+    COPLEY; well known to be completely accommodated for a
+    genteel family. Inquire of CHARLES PELHAM, (at the late
+    Dwelling-House of Mrs. PELHAM, at New-Boston) he being
+    impowered to let it.
+
+                                          _May 16, 1789._
+
+                                     _Massachusetts Centinel._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Antique luxuries.
+
+    WANTED, the following, viz. Fifteen Pair of WOOD DUCKS, Four
+    Pair of WILD GEESE, Three Pair of FLYING SQUIRRELS, Three
+    Dozen of the smallest Size Terrapeins or fresh Water
+    TURTLES, for which a good PRICE will be given, or for any
+    Part of them.----Enquire of the Printer.
+
+                                _Essex Gazette_, Feb. 21, 1771.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We do not see much in the papers about spinning-wheels until after the
+War of the Revolution; then there seemed to be what may be called a
+revival of domestic industry. In 1786 the ladies of Hartford, Conn.,
+formed an Economical Association. They say that they are "fully sensible
+that our calamities are in a great measure occasioned by the luxury and
+extravagance of individuals, and are of opinion that it is a duty they
+owe their country as well as their families to retrench as far as
+possible all unnecessary expenses." Their articles of agreement were
+signed, on the 6th of November, 1786, by more than a hundred ladies
+belonging to the first families in the city. By these articles they
+engage "not to purchase for next six months any Gauze, Ribbons, Lace,
+Feathers, Beaver-Hats, Silks, Muslins, and Chintzes, except only for
+weddings and mourning;" also to "dress their persons in the plainest
+manner and encourage industry, frugality, and neatness, giving all due
+preference to the manufactures of their own country." To this they add
+that "when they receive visits and make entertainments, it will be their
+study to avoid unnecessary expense, especially on foreign articles." On
+June 17 of that year the President of Harvard College addressed a
+letter to the "Massachusetts Gazette" which is interesting in this
+connection. This letter we copy to show how economy entered into
+everything, even a "liberal education." It will moreover be of interest
+because of the attempt made to regulate the students' dress.
+
+                                        UNIVERSITY IN CAMBRIDGE,
+                                               JUNE 17, 1786.
+
+    _To the Publisher of the Massachusetts_ Gazette.
+
+    EVERY proper attempt of the Governours of the University to
+    lessen the expense of a liberal education must be grateful
+    to the Publick, and meet with their hearty concurrence; the
+    Members of the Community, therefore, in general, and the
+    Parents and Guardians of the Students in particular, it is
+    not doubted, will be well pleased with some late
+    regulations, made by the Corporation and Overseers, to
+    introduce economy in dress, and will readily perform their
+    part, in carrying them into effect.
+
+    By ordering an uniform, the Governours of the Society have
+    removed the temptation to that frequent change of apparel,
+    which may have arisen from the liberty the Students have
+    had, of chusing different colours, from time to time: And by
+    entirely prohibiting silk (an unnecessary article in their
+    clothing) a very considerable expense is prevented.
+
+    That the dress of the Students be neat and decent is highly
+    proper; but that it should be very ornamental and expensive
+    is ever needless, and oftentimes pernicious: Nor will any
+    Student, who is solicitous to acquire knowledge, and
+    sincerely disposed to improve his time to the best
+    advantage, in obtaining such degrees of it, as may enable
+    him to be extensively useful to the Community, feel a
+    reluctance to economical institutions respecting dress. He
+    will not only esteem the ornaments of the mind of vastly
+    higher importance than those of the body, but the general
+    good will also constantly influence his conduct; and he will
+    chearfully encourage every regulation, which tends to
+    promote frugality.
+
+    The regulations referred to, I now transmit to you, which
+    the Corporation and Overseers of the University request you
+    to publish, for the information of all concerned.
+
+        I am, Sir, your humble servant,
+
+                                                JOSEPH WILLARD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+               _At a Meeting of the_ CORPORATION, _&c._
+                          JUNE 13, 1786.
+
+    WHEREAS the enjoining of an uniform colour, in the clothing
+    of the Undergraduates, and prohibiting a certain species of
+    materials, in their apparel, will have a great tendency to
+    lessen the expense of dress (which, at present, constitutes
+    too large a proportion of the Collegiate charges) while, at
+    the same time, the appearance will be more academical:
+
+    _Voted_, That it be recommended, that the Freshmen, who
+    shall be admitted into the University the present year,
+    before the end of the Summer Vacation, be provided with
+    coats of blue-gray, being a mixture of deep blue and white
+    wool, as nearly as may be, seven eighths of the blue, and
+    one eighth of the white, or, if that cannot conveniently be
+    obtained, of a dark blue colour,--and with waistcoats and
+    breeches of the same colour, or of a straw colour.
+
+    That, when they shall procure clothes, afterwards, and while
+    Undergraduates, their coats shall be of the colour first
+    mentioned, and their waistcoats and breeches of the same
+    colour, or of a straw colour.
+
+    That the Freshmen, who shall be admitted into the University
+    in the year 1787, and afterwards, shall be provided with
+    coats of the colour first mentioned, and with waistcoats and
+    breeches as last mentioned, and shall continue provided with
+    clothes of these specified colours while they remain
+    Undergraduates.
+
+    That all, who shall hereafter be admitted, when they
+    commence Sophimores, shall have the addition of frogs to the
+    button holes of their coats, the cuff of the sleeve to be
+    plain.
+
+    That when they commence Junior Sophisters, their coats shall
+    have the further addition of frogs on the
+    button-side,--continuing the plain cuff; and they shall also
+    provide themselves with black gowns, having a close sleeve
+    and slit cuff, to be made according to the direction of the
+    Corporation.
+
+    That, when they commence Senior Sophisters, they shall have
+    the further addition of buttons and frogs to the cuff of
+    their coat, and shall also have black gowns, with a wide
+    sleeve,--the mode to be determined by the Corporation.
+
+    That when they are admitted to the Bachelor's degree, they
+    shall appear in like gowns and clothes as are prescribed for
+    the Senior Sophisters.
+
+    That the Seniors and Juniors shall wear their black gowns,
+    on all publick occasions, and whenever they shall publickly
+    declaim in the Chapel.
+
+    That no Undergraduate, to whom these injunctions may extend,
+    be permitted to appear within the limits of the College, or
+    town of Cambridge, in any other dress than is before
+    described, unless he has on a night gown, or an outside
+    garment be necessary over his coat.
+
+    That no part of the dress of the Undergraduates be made of
+    silk;--and that it be recommended to them, to clothe
+    themselves in home manufactures, as far as may be.
+
+    That these regulations be extended to all who shall
+    hereafter be admitted into the University;--and that it be
+    recommended to such as are already Members, to conform
+    thereto, upon principles of economy, as far as may consist
+    with their present supply of clothing.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                     UNIVERSITY _in Cambridge, June 12, 1786_.
+
+         CANDIDATES for their second degree, at the next
+    Commencement, are notified, that it is expected that they
+    give their attendance at the University by the 12th day of
+    July; and if any should not attend by that time, they will
+    not receive their degree this year, unless they give
+    sufficient reasons for their absence.
+
+    They who desire admission into the University this year, are
+    also notified, that the President and Tutors will attend the
+    business of examination on Friday and Saturday, the 21st and
+    22d of July.
+
+                                      JOSEPH WILLARD, President.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1788 the industry of the people of Providence, R.I., is set forth in
+the following notice, from the "Salem Mercury" of November 25:
+
+                        AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
+
+    A Providence paper informs, that the Carding and Spinning
+    Machines used in England in manufacturing cotton stuffs, are
+    introducing into that town by some publick spirited
+    gentlemen--and that there are few families in that town
+    which are not manufacturing some kind of cloth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It appears from the "Columbian Centinel," July 14, 1790, that the
+wealthy of that day had a fondness for foreign articles.
+
+    Complaint is very prolifick in all countries. In the United
+    States we complain, that,
+
+    _Tho' rich at home, to foreign lands we stray,
+    And trade for trinkets our best wealth away._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following advertisement from the "Massachusetts Centinel" recalls
+the time when cows were pastured on Boston Common.
+
+    STRAYED, on Saturday last, from Boston Common, and belonging
+    to JONATHAN AMORY, a young red COW, with some white on the
+    back and belly, forehead white, small horns, with the tips
+    off. Whoever will bring her to the owner will be rewarded.
+
+    _Boston, May 24, 1788._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+People were expected to have long memories in old times, judging from
+the following notification in the "Boston Gazette" of 1760:--
+
+    WHEREAS on the 17th of January 1740-1, twenty-seven yards
+    and an half of yard-wide sheeting linnen, and some smaller
+    articles, was sold at Mr. _James Gordon's_ shop in _Boston_,
+    and deliver'd to one capt. _Stevens_, as appears by said
+    _Gordon's_ book; and thro' some mistake in keeping his
+    books, said articles are charg'd to another of the same
+    name. If therefore the said capt. _Stevens_, that really had
+    said goods, or any of his family, or others, can give any
+    light into the matter, it is desired they would acquaint the
+    printers hereof, and they shall be generously recompenced
+    for their trouble.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "small pox" was very troublesome in Colonial times, as this
+announcement from the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 2, 1761, shows:--
+
+    Samuel Parkman hereby informs his Customers and others, That
+    immediately on the breaking out of the Small-Pox in the back
+    Part of his House in Union Street, he removed his Shop Goods
+    to a Store on a Wharf that they may be safe from any
+    Infection, and himself to the House of Mr. Joshua Winter
+    Stationer--The Person who had the Distemper is perfectly
+    recovered, and departed the House some Days ago, and the
+    House thoroughly cleansed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following notice from the "Massachusetts Gazette" reminds us of the
+time of open fire-places and blazing, cheerful wood-fires:
+
+    THE SELECTMEN would inform the Town, that they have
+    _approbated_ a number of _Chimney-Sweepers_, who are
+    furnished with badges agreeable to the By-Laws, and have
+    stipulated to execute their business _faithfully_, at the
+    following rates, viz.--For lower-room chimnies, _fourteen
+    pence two fifths_, or _one pistareen_; and for _all_ chamber
+    chimnies, _one shilling_ each--that all concerned may govern
+    themselves accordingly.
+
+    _Boston, Sept. 21, 1786._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The spinning-wheel at Ipswich. From the "Columbian Centinel," June 7,
+1791.
+
+                       _For the_ CENTINEL.
+
+    THE PRINTER is requested to record it among the numerous
+    instances of female benevolence and harmony, which have been
+    exhibited in these times, and so well reprove the jarring
+    dissensions of the _men_--that at Ipswich, lately, at the
+    house of the Rev. Mr. DANA, a numerous band of ladies, in
+    harmonious concert, have again "laid their hands to the
+    spindle, and held the distaff," and presented the fruit of
+    their generous toil, 118 run of good yarn; viz. 88 linen, 30
+    cotton; the materials, provisions, and handsome attendance,
+    all furnished by themselves and those who joined with
+    them.--"_Give her of the fruit of her own hands, and let her
+    own works praise her in the gates._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Salem Mercury," April 28, 1787.
+
+    Not long ago a number of ladies belonging to the
+    Presbyterian society in Newbury-Port, assembled at the
+    Parsonage-house, with their spinning-wheels and other
+    utensils of industry, for the day, to the benefit of their
+    minister's family. The assembly having first united in the
+    solemn exercises of social worship, the business of the day
+    was opened. Every apartment in the house was full. The
+    musick of the spinning-wheel resounded from every room.
+    Benevolence was seen smiling in every countenance, and the
+    harmony of hearts surpassed even the harmony of wheels. The
+    labours of the day were concluded about 5 o'clock; when the
+    fair labourers presented Mrs. MURRAY with cotton and linen
+    yarn, of the best quality, amounting to 236 skeins.
+    Necessary refreshment being past, publick worship was
+    attended; and a discourse delivered, by the Rev. Mr. MURRAY,
+    to a large assembly, from Exodus 35, 25, _And all the women
+    that were wise-hearted did spin with their hands._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Salem Mercury," Feb. 6, 1787.
+
+    There is a young Miss in New-Haven, who will soon wear a
+    silk gown _of her own make_. Such noble industry ought to be
+    written in letters of gold. May the ladies profit by the
+    example--and may it soon be esteemed disreputable, by both
+    ladies and gentlemen, to wear any thick silk but of our own
+    manufacture.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An advertisement in the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 19, 1760, rather
+indicates that "searchers" sometimes exceeded their powers.
+
+    ALL Persons who within five Years past, have had any Shoes
+    or Boots, seiz'd and taken from them, in the Town of Boston,
+    by any of the Searches and Sealers of Leather there, for
+    being made of Leather unduly tann'd or curried, or on
+    Pretence thereof; are hereby notified to give or send in to
+    the Printers hereof, an Account in Writing, of the Number of
+    Shoes, &c. so taken from them, the Time when (as near as
+    they can) with the Name of the Person that seiz'd and took
+    them, and the Name of the Justice of Peace to whom Complaint
+    or Information was made concerning such Shoes, &c. by the
+    eighth Day of _March_ next, if they desire any Recompence
+    for the Injuries they have suffer'd by such Seizures.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1767 snuff was apparently of more importance, as merchandise, to say
+the least, than were Bibles and Testaments. In an advertisement it was
+printed in capitals, while the latter were in smaller type.
+
+                        Caleb Blanchard,
+
+                   In Union-Street, _BOSTON._
+
+    _HAS just Imported by Captain_ Rhodes _from_ London, _and
+                 Captain_ Bain _from_ Glasgow.
+
+    _A Great Variety of English, India, and Scotch GOODS,
+    suitable for all Seasons of the Year, which He sells at the
+    lowest Rates, by Wholesale or Retail, for Cash or
+    Treasurer's Notes._
+
+    N.B. _Kippen's and Tillich's SNUFF, Bibles and Testaments,
+    all Sorts of Stationary, &c. &c. &c._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                     _Boston, April 19th, 1788._
+
+    WHEREAS some person or persons have acted so villainous a
+    part, as to make use of my name in vending and selling Snuff
+    of a very bad quality; not only injuring me in my credit,
+    but cheating the purchaser, as the Snuff manufactured by me
+    is of the best kind, and which I always warrant to be such.
+
+    Some of the purchasers of said bad Snuff have brought the
+    same to me, supposing it to be really of my manufacture; but
+    upon examination, found it to be of a loose and dry kind,
+    and may be easily discovered.
+
+    Whoever will give information of the person or persons, who
+    thus impose on the publick, by making use of my name to
+    vend and sell such base Snuff, shall be handsomely rewarded,
+    by their humble servant,
+
+                                                   SIMON ELLIOT.
+
+    N.B. The publick are informed, that to prevent the above
+    deception, the advertisements on bladders of Snuff, in
+    future, will be altered from letter-press, to a copperplate
+    impression. (2m)
+
+                                       _Massachusetts Centinel._
+
+The habit of Snuff-taking was formerly very prevalent in New England, as
+well as elsewhere. Within the writer's recollection it was a very common
+thing to see the snuff-box passed round for friends to take a pinch.
+Very few now a days indulge in this uncleanly habit; but a recent
+traveller relates that on visiting St. Peter's in Rome, the first thing
+upon entering the church which attracted his attention was seeing the
+Pope take a pinch of snuff and then shake from his pocket a large
+old-fashioned bandanna handkerchief, which he applied to his nose. Many
+years ago a gentleman of Salem was questioned by a stranger about a
+certain man who happened to be an inveterate snuff-taker and who was at
+the same time greatly interested in free-masonry. "Yes," said the
+gentleman, "I know him."--"He's about one third masonry and two thirds
+snuff." Mr. Francis H. Lee, of Salem, has a curious collection of a
+hundred or more snuff-boxes of former generations. They are of various
+patterns; some are made of shell and tipped with silver, and look quite
+ancient. Simon Elliot, of Boston, and later Wm. Micklefield, of Salem,
+were famous snuff manufacturers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A curious snuff-box, advertised in the "Columbian Centinel," 1819.
+
+                             A CURIOSITY.
+
+    E. COPELAND, Jr., has for sale a most elegant Gold SNUFF BOX
+    set with Pearls, &c. It is about 2½ inches long and from the
+    top a beautiful _little Bird_ rises at command and sings a
+    tune. The movements of the wings, beak, eyes, &c. are
+    perfectly natural, and all its motions while singing are in
+    complete unison with its notes. This is probably as
+    ingenious a piece of mechanism as was ever seen in this
+    town. It will be sold a great bargain.
+
+                                                       august 21
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In this connection we notice "Micklefield's Indian," as it was called, a
+well-known landmark in Salem half a century ago. Mr. Micklefield was
+much respected, and noted for his liberality and public spirit.
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+    THE Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the
+    public, that owing to the fall in prices of different Scents
+    and Stock in general, that compose the article of Snuff, he
+    is thereby enabled to sell his different kinds,
+    viz.--Maccoboy, Scented and Plain Rappee and Scotch
+
+                            SNUFFS,
+
+    at a much lower price than heretofore.--Traders in the
+    neighboring towns that deal in those articles are
+    particularly solicited to call at his Store, sign of the
+    _Indian Chief_, corner of Central and Front streets, where
+    they can purchase at very low prices, and warranted of the
+    first quality.                                       ALSO,
+
+    Spanish, half Spanish and common
+
+                              CIGARS,
+
+    Cavendish, Ladies' Twist, Pigtail, and all kinds of
+    Manufactured
+
+                           TOBACCO,
+
+    wholesale and retail.
+
+                                      WM. MICKLEFIELD.
+
+    Salem, Jan. 18, 1827.                      tf
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Salem Mercury," Nov. 25, 1788.
+
+    S. Breck, Esq. member of the House of Representatives for
+    Boston, appears in his seat with a complete suit of American
+    manufactured broadcloth, of an elegant colour.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+About 1787 and 1788, spinning-wheel meetings seem to have been very
+popular. We copy notices of meetings of young ladies in Attleboro',
+Dighton, Gloucester, Rehoboth, Mass., and Providence and Johnston, R.I.,
+all from the "Salem Mercury."
+
+    ATTLEBORO', _June 20_. Yesterday, 63 respectable young
+    ladies, belonging to this town, asslembled, at 2 o'clock,
+    P.M. at the house of Mr. Daniel Balkum, and, to the surprise
+    and great satisfaction of all the friends to industry, spun,
+    before sunset, 199 skeins of excellent linen yarn. Industry
+    is the genuine source of all laudable pleasure. On it depend
+    all the conveniences of life. Health, the greatest of
+    blessings, depends on industry--beauty, on health. If
+    ladies, then, wish to be beautiful, they must be
+    industrious; they must animate their countenances with that
+    blooming health which comes from the SPINNING-WHEEL. The
+    fair sex, when rightly and industriously employed, are
+    justly termed the beauty of this lower creation. Beauty
+    without virtue is contemptible. Merit only gains the heart.
+    Idleness is disgraceful. Industry is the ornament of wealth,
+    the support and consolation of poverty. We hope soon to see
+    the time, when the fair daughters of America will be clothed
+    in the manufactures of their own hands. Happy are we, that
+    some have already set the example. May it never be said,
+    that American ladies rise 15 minutes later than the sun. May
+    they ever have thread enough in their hands to make a halter
+    for a Shays.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    On Tuesday last, thirteen young ladies assembled, with their
+    spinning-wheels, at the house of Mr. Joseph Whipple, in
+    North-Providence, and, between the hours of eight in the
+    morning and six in the afternoon, completed fifty skeins of
+    excellent linen yarn.
+
+                                                  July 1, 1788.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    The spinning-wheel, a few years ago imprudently neglected,
+    begins to be held in general reputation by the Fair; and the
+    exploits of some on that useful machine, are deservedly
+    celebrated, as worthy of imitation. To those good works of
+    female industry may be added the singular attachment of two
+    young ladies in Dighton, who spun, the 11th instant, between
+    the rising and setting of the sun, thirteen skeins and
+    eleven lees of good linen yarn; one six skeins and seven,
+    and the other seven skeins and four lees. The spirit of
+    industry is becoming more prevalent, especially among the
+    fair sex. They begin to lay aside their useless and idle
+    visits, or, at least, make them less frequent. When persons
+    become more industrious and mind their own business, they
+    talk less, and to better purpose; they become more
+    contented, and the world around them is more peaceable and
+    happy.
+
+                           _Providence Gazette_, July 1, 1788.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    PROVIDENCE, _May 24_. On the 7th inst. 71 ladies met at the
+    house of the Rev. Mr. Ellis, in Rehoboth, and lodged 187
+    skeins of good linen yarn, which they had spun for Mrs.
+    Ellis; and others have since added 31. Solomon, in
+    describing a virtuous woman, says, "She seeketh wool and
+    flax, and worketh willingly with her hands.--She layeth her
+    hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff."
+    Industry is certainly a virtue, which, while it adorns,
+    enriches, society; it banishes the languid hue from the
+    countenances of the fair, and adds vigour and vivacity to
+    the mind.--The spirited exertions that the daughters of
+    Columbia are making, to manufacture our wool and flax, which
+    are necessary for our consumption, are praise-worthy, and
+    demand the approbation and assistance of every true patriot.
+    We flatter ourselves with the pleasing expectation of seeing
+    the virtuous fair clothed and ornamented in the genuine
+    productions of their own labour.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    We hear from Gloucester, that on Thursday last nearly thirty
+    young ladies, inspired with the love of industry, asslembled
+    at the house of Capt. Philemon Haskell, for the
+    praise-worthy purpose of a Federal Spinning Match, when, to
+    their honour, their spirited exertion produced 99 skeins of
+    excellent yarn--practically declaring, that they neither
+    laboured in vain or spent their strength for nought. The day
+    thus industriously concluded, finished not the harmony of
+    their federalism; in the evening, to crown the pleasure of
+    the day, with additional company, they regaled with an
+    agreeable dance, and, at a modest hour, parted in love and
+    friendship, with hearts convivial as they met, leaving
+    others to admire their female patriotism, and to go and do
+    likewise.
+
+    In Scotland, the farmers knit as well as the women of their
+    families; but they do this while they are watching their
+    sheep or cattle, or while they are sitting by their evening
+    fire in winter. Why cannot our American farmers and their
+    sons adopt this frugal practice? Time is the most precious
+    thing in the world. Its very fragments should be saved.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    PROVIDENCE, MAY 17. Monday last, eighteen young ladies
+    assembled, with their spinning-wheels, at the house of
+    Captain Jonathan Treadwell, and spun 40 skeins of good linen
+    yarn.
+
+    MAY 22. A correspondent desires us to mention, that at
+    Johnston, a few days since, four industrious young ladies,
+    by "laying their fingers to the spindle, and their hands to
+    the distaff," completed, in one day, the spinning and
+    reeling of 21 fifteen-knotted skeins of good linen yarn.
+    Would to God, that the Gentlemen at the head of our
+    political affairs in this State, were half so zealous in
+    encouraging our own manufactures, as the fair sex are; who,
+    at present, deservedly bear the palm, as friends to their
+    country.
+
+    "SPINNING BEE. On the 1st inst. assembled at the house of
+    the Rev. Samuel Deane of this town, more than one hundred of
+    the fair sex, married and single ladies, most of whom, were
+    skilled in the important art of spinning. An emulous
+    industry was never more apparent than in this beautiful
+    assembly. The majority of fair hands gave motion to not less
+    than sixty wheels. Many were occupied in preparing the
+    materials, besides those who attended to the entertainment
+    of the rest,--provision for which was mostly presented by
+    the guests themselves, or sent in by other generous
+    promoters of the exhibition, as were also the materials for
+    the work. Near the close of the day Mrs. Deane was presented
+    by the company, with two hundred and thirty-six,
+    seven-knotted skeins of excellent cotton and linen yarn, the
+    work of the day, excepting about a dozen skeins, which some
+    of the company brought in ready spun. Some had spun six and
+    many not less than five skeins apiece. She takes this
+    opportunity of returning thanks to each, which the hurry of
+    the day rendered impracticable at the time. To conclude and
+    crown the day, a numerous band of the best singers attended
+    in the evening and performed an agreeable variety of
+    excellent pieces in psalmody. "The price of a virtuous woman
+    is far above rubies, * * * She layeth her hands to the
+    spindle and her hands hold the distaff."
+
+    _Cumberland_ (Portland, Me.) _Gazette_, May 8, 1788, copied
+    by EDW. H. ELWELL, Esq., editor of the _Transcript_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When spinning-wheels ceased to be used altogether, we are not able to
+say. Probably they were not in use for any great length of time after
+the opening of the present century; but possibly in some country places
+they were used down to the time of the War of 1812, and even later. We
+are informed that in some remote places in Rhode Island and in Maine
+spinning-wheels are in use to this day; but these are exceptional cases.
+
+The "Massachusetts Centinel," April 30, 1788, has this advertisement:--
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+                            WILLIAM SCOTT,
+                    At the Sign of the SPINNING
+                                WHEEL,
+                      In MARLBOROUGH·STREET,
+              (_Resolving to quit Trade in the Fall_)
+                          WILL sell all his
+                          GOODS on hand at
+                      the STERLING COST and
+                      CHARGES. Among which are,
+      Some elegant _Mersailles_ Bed-Quilts, _Mersailles_
+      Quilting in pieces, Irish Linens, Gauzes,
+      Shawls and Lustrings of a superiour quality, &c, &c.
+
+        A large quantity of silk Gloves, Mitts and Fans
+                  --> _CASH for POT-ASHES._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE following very curious notice in the "Massachusetts Centinel" in
+reference to funerals shows what had been customary upon such occasions;
+the object of these "wholesome regulations" seemed to be to induce
+economy. Gloves and rings were given to mourners in Salem to within the
+last fifty or sixty years, and wines or liquors were also furnished.
+
+                           _TAKE NOTICE._
+
+    AN economical plan of mourning was adopted, before the
+    Revolution, and its salutary effects have been experienced
+    by almost every family in this town; since which those
+    wholesome regulations have been passed into a law:
+    Notwithstanding which, it has lately been broken in upon in
+    several instances.--The _Inspectors of the Police_--that no
+    one may hereafter plead ignorance, have caused the law
+    respecting the same to be published, and give notice, that
+    any future breach of it, will be prosecuted without any
+    favour or affection.              _Boston, April 30, 1788._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _To prevent excess and vain expense, in Mourning, &c._
+
+    IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, That in future no scarfs, gloves or
+    rings shall be given at any funeral in this town, nor shall
+    any wine, rum, or other spirituous liquor, be allowed or
+    given at, or immediately before or after, any funeral in
+    this town, under pain that the person or persons giving,
+    allowing or ordering the same shall respectively forfeit and
+    pay the sum of _twenty shillings_ for each offence.
+
+    _And it is further ordered_, That whatever male person shall
+    appear or walk in the procession of any funeral in this town
+    with any new mourning or new black or other new mourning
+    coat or waistcoat, or with any other new black apparel, save
+    and except a black crape around one arm, or shall afterwards
+    on account of the decease of any relation, or other person
+    or persons, put on and wear any other mourning than such
+    piece of black crape around one arm, shall forfeit and pay
+    the sum of _twenty shillings_ for every day he shall put on
+    and wear or appear in the same.
+
+    AND no female, of whatsoever degree, shall put on, wear or
+    appear at any funeral in this town, in any other mourning or
+    new black clothes whatever, other than a black hat or
+    bonnet, black gloves, black ribbons and a black fan, on pain
+    to forfeit and pay the sum of _twenty shillings_; and also
+    forfeit and pay a like sum of _twenty shillings_ for every
+    day she shall at any time at, or after such funeral, put on
+    wear or appear in such new black clothes, as or for
+    mourning, other than black hat, bonnet, black gloves, black
+    ribbons, and a black fan as aforesaid.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1790 the town of Salem published in the papers some regulations about
+funerals; among the fees fixed were these:--
+
+    "For each Tolling of the Bell 8d."
+
+    "The sextons are desired to toll the Bells only four strokes
+    in a minute."
+
+    "The undertakers service in borrowing chairs, waiting upon
+    the Pall-holders and warning the Relations &c. to attend
+    8/."
+
+    "B. Daland and B. Brown are appointed by the Selectmen to
+    see that Free Passages in the streets are kept open." (This
+    was before carriages were used at funerals.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+        Extracts from Mr. Colman's Agricultural Address.
+
+                 MANUFACTORIES AND THE SPINNING
+                            WHEEL.
+
+    "The establishment of extensive manufactories, and the
+    introduction of power-looms and spinning-jennies, has nearly
+    destroyed the usual household manufactures, and put our
+    other Jennies out of employment. Our ears are seldom greeted
+    now a days in the farmer's cottage with the flying of the
+    shuttle, or the deep base of the spinning wheel. We confess
+    that we have looked upon their departure with a strong
+    feeling of regret; and deem it no small abatement of the
+    advantages, which the establishment of extensive
+    manufactures has obviously yielded to the country, that it
+    removes the daughter from the shelter and security of the
+    paternal roof, and places her in a situation, which
+    certainly furnishes no means of qualifying her for the
+    proper department of woman; to preside over our domestic
+    establishments; to perform her part in the joint labors of
+    the household; and to know how and when and where to use,
+    prepare, and to apply to the best advantage within doors,
+    the products of man's labor without doors. Many occupations
+    of female industry, strictly domestic however, of a healthy
+    and agreeable nature, are constantly presenting themselves,
+    so that there is little danger that the race of industrious
+    women, and accomplished wives, at least among the country
+    girls, will soon be extinct; and the silk culture, fast
+    gaining ground among us, promises to furnish an unexhausted
+    resource and a profitable employment of female labor."
+
+                                        _Salem Observer_, 1834.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In one of the numbers of the London "Spectator" for 1884 is an
+interesting account of an attempt to revive the spinning-wheel industry
+in England, through the kind offices of Mr. Albert Flemming, for the
+purpose of helping poor women too old or blind to leave their homes for
+other work. After considerable difficulty, a wheel was discovered among
+a store of ancient articles; but no one at first knew how to use it.
+Spinning was one of the lost arts, apparently. At length, however, an
+old woman of eighty-four was found who understood the use of the wheel.
+She taught Mr. Flemming how to spin. A few more old wheels were found,
+and some new ones constructed. Then it was some time before a loom could
+be discovered. Eventually this was accomplished, and the art of weaving
+taught. The account says that twenty women who were unable otherwise to
+obtain a living, are now busily at work, happy in being able to provide
+for their families. They make, it may be added, a good strong, honest
+linen, specimens of which have been presented to Mr. Ruskin. This
+account is substantially from the "Living Age," Nov. 1, 1884.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+            University Press: John Wilson & Son, Cambridge.
+
+
+    Transcriber's notes:
+
+    These are mainly excerpts from Newspapers. Original spelling was
+    not corrected.
+
+    Text version
+    *** Represents Inverted Asterism
+    --> Represents Right Index
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The
+Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England, by Henry M. Brooks
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLDEN TIME SERIES ***
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The Days of
+the Spinning-Wheel in New England, by Henry M. Brooks
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England
+       Gleanings Chiefly from old Newspapers of Boston and Salem, Massachusetts
+
+Editor: Henry M. Brooks
+
+Release Date: August 26, 2007 [EBook #22405]
+[Last updated: May 6, 2012]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLDEN TIME SERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Christine D. and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 261px;">
+<a href="images/cover.jpg"><img src="images/cover_th.jpg" width="261" height="400" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="padding">
+<div class="bbox">
+<h1><i>THE OLDEN-TIME SERIES.</i></h1>
+
+<p class="center">16mo. Per vol., 50 cents.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>There appears to be, from year to year, a growing popular taste for
+quaint and curious reminiscences of "Ye Olden Time," and to meet this,
+Mr. Henry M. Brooks has prepared a series of interesting handbooks. The
+materials have been gleaned chiefly from old newspapers of Boston and
+Salem, sources not easily accessible, and while not professing to be
+history, the volumes contain much material for history, so combined and
+presented as to be both amusing and instructive. The titles of some of
+the volumes indicate their scope and their promise of entertainment:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;">
+<span class="smcap">Curiosities of the Old Lottery.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Days of the Spinning-Wheel.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Some Strange and Curious Punishments.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Quaint and Curious Advertisements.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Literary Curiosities.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">New-England Sunday, etc.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>"It has been the good fortune of the writer to be allowed a peep at the
+manuscript for this series, and he can assure the lovers of the
+historical and the quaint in literature that something both valuable and
+pleasant is in store for them. In the specialties treated of in these
+books Mr. Brooks has been for many years a careful collector and
+student, and it is gratifying to learn that the material is to be
+committed to book form."&mdash;<i>Salem Gazette.</i></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><i>For sale by all Booksellers. Sent, post-paid, upon receipt of price.
+Catalogues of our books mailed free.</i></p>
+
+<p class="right">TICKNOR &amp; CO., <span class="smcap">Boston</span>.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p><hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_OLDEN_TIME_SERIES" id="THE_OLDEN_TIME_SERIES"></a>THE OLDEN TIME SERIES</h2>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>THE DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL IN NEW ENGLAND</h3>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>"To say that the past is of no importance, unworthy of a moment's
+regard, because it has gone by, and is no longer anything, is an
+argument that cannot be held to any purpose; for if the past has ceased
+to be, and is therefore to be accounted nothing in the scale of good or
+evil, the future is yet to come, and has never been
+anything."</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hazlitt</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<i>In my young days, when I was</i> leetle,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>The only steam came from the kettle.</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">....<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<i>The</i> Gals <i>on good old Dobbins rid then,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>But folks don't do as they used to</i> did <i>then.</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">....<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>"Heigho! I grieve, I grieve</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>For the good old days of Adam and Eve</i>."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='right'>From <span class="smcap">Henry J. Finn's</span> "Good Old Times,"</p>
+
+<p class='right'>October, 1827.</p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE OLDEN TIME SERIES</h2>
+
+
+<h5>GLEANINGS CHIEFLY FROM OLD NEWSPAPERS OF BOSTON<br />
+AND SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS</h5>
+
+
+<h5>SELECTED AND ARRANGED, WITH BRIEF COMMENTS</h5>
+
+<h5>BY</h5>
+
+<h4>HENRY M. BROOKS</h4>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h2>The Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England</h2>
+
+<p>
+"Old and new make the warp and woof of every moment. There is<br />
+no thread that is not a twist of these two strands. By necessity, by<br />
+proclivity, and by delight, we all quote."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Emerson</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="padding">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 142px;">
+<img src="images/crest1.jpg" width="142" height="142" alt="T AND CO" title="T AND CO" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="center">BOSTON<br />
+TICKNOR AND COMPANY<br />
+1886</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span></p>
+<div class="padding">
+<p class="center"><i>Copyright, 1885,</i><br />
+<span class="smcap">By Ticknor and Company.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>All rights reserved.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="padding">
+<p class="center"><b>University Press:</b><br />
+<span class="smcap">John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p><hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="INDEX_OF_NAMES" id="INDEX_OF_NAMES"></a>INDEX OF NAMES.</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>PAGE</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>PAGE</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Aberdour, John Lord</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td><td align='left'>Carr, Colonel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Adams, Samuel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td><td align='left'>Chase, Samuel &amp; William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Amherst, General</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td><td align='left'>Clark, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Amiel, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td><td align='left'>Clark, Stephen</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Amory, Jonathan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td><td align='left'>Clarke, Richard</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Apthorp, Charles Ward</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td><td align='left'>Clarke, Sukey</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Apthorpe, Charles</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td><td align='left'>Cole, Patrick</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Apthorpe, Rev. Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td><td align='left'>Colman, Rev. Henry</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Apthorpe, Susan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td><td align='left'>Cooper, William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ashton, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td><td align='left'>Copeland, E. Jr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Avery, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></td><td align='left'>Copley, John Singleton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Crocker, Cornelius</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Balch</span>, Rev. Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td><td align='left'>Crosby, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Balkum, Daniel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Barnard, Benjamin</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Daland, B.</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Belknap, Jeremiah</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td><td align='left'>Dalrymple, Colonel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bernard, Gov. Francis</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></td><td align='left'>Dana, Rev. Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Blanchard, Caleb</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td><td align='left'>Darley, Arthur</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bollan, William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td><td align='left'>Davis, Joshua</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bowditch, Nathaniel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td><td align='left'>Deane, Rev. Samuel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bowdoin, Hon. James</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td><td align='left'>Deane, Mrs.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bowdoin, Miss</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td><td align='left'>Deshon, Moses</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brattle, William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td><td align='left'>Douglass, Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Breck, Samuel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brenton, Benjamin</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Eastlake, Sir Charles</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Britt, Thomas</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td><td align='left'>Edes &amp; Gill</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_11">11</a>,<a href="#Page_16">16</a>,<a href="#Page_32">32</a>,<a href="#Page_43">43</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brown, B.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td><td align='left'>Elliot, Sally</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brown, Obadiah</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td><td align='left'>Elliot, Simon</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bulfinch, Dr. Thomas</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td><td align='left'>Ellis, Mrs.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Butler, Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td><td align='left'>Ellis, Rev. Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Elwell, Edward H.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Caldwell, James</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td><td align='left'>Emerson, R.W.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Carpenter, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td><td align='left'>Erving, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan='4'><hr style="width: 65%;" /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Flemming, Albert</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td><td align='left'>Minot, George R.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flynt, Henry</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></td><td align='left'>Monk, Christopher</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Fowle &amp; Draper</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td><td align='left'>Morgan, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Franklin, Dr. Benjamin</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td><td align='left'>Morton, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Franklin, Elizabeth</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td><td align='left'>Murray, Mrs.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Murray, Rev. Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Gay, Martin</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gordon, James</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Oliver, Andrew</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gorham, Joseph</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gray, Samuel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Paine, William</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Green &amp; Russell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></td><td align='left'>Parker, David</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Greene, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td><td align='left'>Parkman, Samuel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gwin, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td><td align='left'>Payne, Edward</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Peirce, Benjamin</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Hancock, John</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td><td align='left'>Pelham, Charles</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Haskell, Philemon</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td><td align='left'>Pelham, Mrs.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hawthorne, Nathaniel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td><td align='left'>Perkins, Thomas H.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Henshaw, Joshua, Jr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td><td align='left'>Phenix, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hickling, William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td><td align='left'>Pickering, Colonel Timothy</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hill, Colonel John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td><td align='left'>Pickering, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hill, Katherine</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td><td align='left'>Pickering, Timothy, Sr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Holyoke, Edward</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td><td align='left'>Pope of Rome</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_85">85</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hudson, James</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td><td align='left'>Poynton, Thomas</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hurd, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td><td align='left'>Prescott, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Prescott, William H.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Inch, John</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td><td align='left'>Preston, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Prince of Wales</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Johnson, Mr.</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Queen Anne</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">King Charles</span> I.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>King George II.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Read, Thomas</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>King George III.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></td><td align='left'>Revere, Paul</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Rhodes, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Lee, Francis H.</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td><td align='left'>Rogers, Rev. Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lewis, Phillip</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td><td align='left'>Rowe, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Loyal, Paul</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td><td align='left'>Ruskin, John</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Russell, Benjamin</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Macaulay, T.B.</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td><td align='left'>Russell, Daniel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Marshall, Thomas</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mason, Colonel David</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Salisbury, Elizabeth</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Maverick, Samuel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td><td align='left'>Salisbury, Samuel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Micklefield, William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></td><td align='left'>Savage, Samuel Phillips</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Scott, William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan='4'><hr style="width: 65%;" /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Shays, Daniel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Washington, George</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Shirley, General William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td><td align='left'>Waters, Josiah</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Spencer, Herbert</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td><td align='left'>Watson, Mr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Stevens, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td><td align='left'>Webb, Joseph, Jr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Storr, Marmaduke</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td><td align='left'>Whipple, Joseph</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Story, Joseph</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td><td align='left'>Whitefield, Rev. George</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Story, William W.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td><td align='left'>Whitmore, Major-General</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Wickham, Captain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Temple, Hon. John</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td><td align='left'>Winter, Joshua</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Thorn, Dr.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td><td align='left'>Willard, Joseph</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Treadwell, Jonathan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td><td align='left'>Williams, Jonathan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Wolfe, General James</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Upham, Charles W.</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td><td align='left'>Wood, William</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+<div class="padding">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img010.png"><img src="images/img010_th.png" width="400" height="131" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<h2><a name="THE_DAYS_OF_THE_SPINNING-WHEEL" id="THE_DAYS_OF_THE_SPINNING-WHEEL"></a>THE DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL</h2>
+
+<h3>IN NEW ENGLAND.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Within</span> the last few years many young ladies have searched country houses
+or ransacked old garrets to find spinning-wheels, which, like old
+chairs, tall clocks, and warming-pans, have now become objects of
+curiosity and interest to those who take a fancy to antique articles. It
+has become fashionable to have these things to adorn our Queen Anne
+houses. And brass andirons and shovels and tongs have come into request,
+so that we may enjoy the luxury of an open wood fire, which, to our
+mind, is one of the most cheerful things in this world. Some one has
+remarked "that to be well-dressed gives a feeling of satisfaction<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> that
+religion fails to give;" but to us, to sit before a blazing wood fire on
+a dull, cold evening, gives a feeling of comfort and delight which
+surpasses anything we know of. What charming companionship in a wood
+fire! Better than the company of uncongenial persons.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Old wood to burn,"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Old books to read:"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>these are enough; we will leave out the "old wine to drink."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"This bright wood fire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So like to that which warmed and lit<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My youthful days, how doth it flit<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Back on the periods nigher!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Re-lighting and re-warming with its glow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The bright scenes of my youth,&mdash;all gone out now."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Glance backward to some years before the Revolution, and we shall find a
+spinning-wheel in every house, and then, probably, in constant use. Now
+its place in our homes is taken by the piano. This instrument had not
+then come into use. Something resembling it,&mdash;namely, the spinnet or the
+harpsichord,&mdash;was to be found in some instances; but it was by no means
+common to find these, for there was but little knowledge of music in
+America in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> those days. A hundred years ago, only one or two churches in
+Boston had organs, and the public taste, except in rare cases, was
+decidedly against music of all kinds, especially sacred music. To show
+how this was, we have heard an old lady say that when she was young,
+some eighty years or so ago, "musicians, for the most part, were not
+thought much of" by the most cultivated people of that time; and she
+assured me that even at a later date, members of military bands, as well
+as organists and violinists (then called fiddlers) were too often low
+characters and men much addicted to drinking. The times were too hard
+for the New England people of those days to cultivate music or indulge
+in entertainments of any kind except "going to meeting." There was but
+little money in circulation, and that was almost always in the form of a
+depreciated currency. Gold and silver were scarce articles, and a large
+proportion of the necessities of life and luxuries&mdash;if luxuries they
+could be called; they would hardly be so considered by us&mdash;were imported
+from England or elsewhere. The leading occupations were farming,
+fishing, making New England<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> rum, importing rum, sugar, and molasses
+from the West Indies, and dry goods from England. The common people were
+poor enough, in comparison with the condition of the same class at the
+present time, when they make as good an appearance as the wealthy did a
+hundred years ago. It would be safe to say that they have more comforts
+and conveniences in their homes to-day than the more prosperous had at
+the time of the Revolution. The humorist, John Phenix, said that "Gen'l
+Washington never saw a steamboat, nor rode in a railroad car;" and
+possibly his house was not heated by steam, or furnished with pipes for
+hot and cold water. Nor did he ever use gas, or the telegraph or
+telephone. Whether the people who lived then would have shown the
+extravagance which characterizes our time if they had possessed the
+means, is a question not easily to be answered; but it is certain they
+were more frugal than we are, if not more industrious. The Revolution
+left the masses of the people in rather a destitute condition, and they
+were forced to be economical. Their habits were so entirely different
+from modern habits that it would exceed our limits to undertake<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> to draw
+a careful comparison. It is said that the people of those days bewailed
+the degeneracy of the times, and spoke of the industry and frugality of
+earlier periods.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'>NORWICH, May 6, 1784.</p>
+
+<p>A corre&#383;pondent ob&#383;erves, that the extravagances of the
+pre&#383;ent day are fully demon&#383;trated in the broadcloth
+coats and &#383;ilk gowns,&mdash;the powder and feathers, the
+ruffles and cardinals, the &#383;ilk &#383;tockings and feet
+trappings&mdash;In the fea&#383;ts, the dancing parties and &#383;elect
+companies&mdash;and what is the more melancholy, all orders and
+degrees help form the circle.&mdash;Where is the &#383;implicity in
+dre&#383;s and manners; temperance in meats and drinks, which
+formed the virtuous characters of our illu&#383;trious
+ance&#383;tors?&mdash;O! the degeneracy of the times!</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Salem Gazette.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>Just as our ancestors did, as Macaulay says, in the days of Charles the
+First; they thought they were not as good as their ancestors had been.
+This habit of looking back to a time so remote that "distance lends
+enchantment to the view," seems to be almost universal. It is this
+feeling of reverence for the old that makes it so interesting to us, and
+leads us to look at things of the past poetically rather than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+practically; although it is true that sometimes the interest taken in
+inconvenient and uncomfortable articles arises rather from their age
+than from anything else. But oftentimes the very simplicity, solidity,
+and strength of old furniture, for instance, is charming, in contrast
+with the elaborate, unmeaning carvings and flimsy character of more
+modern productions. We are beginning to see how much more sensible the
+Chippendale and other styles commended by Eastlake and some other
+writers on household art are to much that has been produced in later
+times. Yet we must allow that prejudice and fashion go a great way in
+determining our likes and dislikes, in furniture as well as in dress and
+other things. Very likely in a few years we shall tire of the Queen Anne
+houses and furniture, and hard floors, and have a surfeit of
+<i>Anglomania</i>, especially if we carry the taste too far. In this country,
+as Emerson says, "Every rider drives too fast." It is hard to be simple
+and slow. We must build fast, eat fast, and live fast. But Emerson says
+again, "Nature has no respect for haste." Herbert Spencer has given us
+in a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> kindly spirit some hints on this score which it would be well to
+heed. But we are wandering from our immediate subject. Our desire is to
+illustrate, in the very words of the people of the period we refer to,
+the views they entertained of economy and industry, and how they carried
+them out. We will begin, then, in the year 1759, with a curious letter
+to the "Boston Gazette" of June 11 of that year, in which the writer
+gives some account of the cost of provisions at that period.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>To the Trading and Farming People of</i> New England.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">Gentlemen.</span></p>
+
+<p>I Have been coming and going among you &#383;ince the Year
+1745. I am now once more on Service in this Part of the
+World, and not a little &#383;urprized at the Alteration in the
+Value of your Provi&#383;ions, &#383;ince my Knowledge of your
+Country. When I fir&#383;t came among you, I could have bought
+a Pound of Beef for a Penny, a Goo&#383;e for a Shilling, a
+Fowl for three Pence, and &#383;o in Proportion. It now is, I
+think, four Pence Sterling for a Pound of Beef, eighteen
+Pence Sterling for a Fowl, and three Shillings for a
+Goo&#383;e. Pray Gentlemen, when that is the Price at
+<i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, what mu&#383;t we pay for it at <i>Louisbourg</i>, after
+it has gone thro' the Hands of many different People that
+are to live out of it. Our Pay is not increa&#383;ed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I would &#383;ay nothing to influence you to &#383;ell cheaper,
+from Motives di&#383;intere&#383;ted or publick &#383;pirited, as
+that weighs but little with the Generality of Mankind. But
+con&#383;ider your own Intere&#383;t, the War can la&#383;t but
+little longer: This Campaign, in all Probability, will put
+an End to it, then where will you find a Market for your
+Stock you rai&#383;e. Con&#383;ider with the Fall of this
+pre&#383;ent Summer, its pretty certain the Soldiers and Seamen
+at pre&#383;ent employed for your Defence, will be called to
+Britain: Take the Market while it holds Gentlemen. We have
+Beef found us, that is to &#383;ay, the Publick purcha&#383;es it;
+let us now and then ta&#383;te of your Veal, Mutton and Fowls
+for our Money, and we will &#383;pend all among you; and we
+expect both Intere&#383;t and Inclination will prompt you to
+give us an ample Supply.</p>
+
+<p>I am your Friend, <i>An</i> ANTI-CANADIAN.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In the same paper is an auction advertisement, showing how they mixed
+the different kinds of <i>property</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">To</span> be Sold by publick Vendue on <i>Scarlet's</i> Wharff, at the
+North End of <i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, THIS AFTERNOON, at IV o'Clock,
+Sundry Hog&#383;heads of Sugar, four likely Negro Men, and a
+Parcel of old Copper; Prize Goods lately brought into this
+Port.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>On the 19th November we are shown how remittances were made in those
+days.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We hear that the Trea&#383;urer of this Province has received a
+Bill of Lading for two Boxes of Portugal Gold, &#383;hip'd by
+Mr. Agent Bollan, on board the Mercury Man of War, amounting
+to Twenty thou&#383;and &#383;ix hundred and eighty Pounds,
+&#383;eventeen &#383;hillings and &#383;ix Pence; being Part of the
+&pound;27,000 granted by Parliament in 1757, to this Province, to
+recompence them for the Expences they were at in the
+Expedition in 1756.&mdash;Said Ship may be daily expected.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>And here is a description of a vessel of the time.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Mr. James Hud&#383;on came Pa&#383;&#383;enger in the Ve&#383;&#383;el that
+arriv'd at Cape-Ann, mention'd in our la&#383;t, which &#383;aw a
+Wreck in Lat: 36, he &#383;ays, &#383;he was a Frigate built Ship
+of about 200 Tons burthen, had a Lion Head painted yellow, a
+&#383;hort Topgal on Quarter-Deck, a &#383;mall Tafrail painted
+yellow, Quarters and Stern painted blue, had a large
+Trophies painted on her Stern and gilt, full of Water, and
+no living Per&#383;on on board.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>On the 5th February in that year, this was the way they advertised for
+recruits for the Government<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> service, offering among other inducements,
+"a Crown to drink the King's health."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">All</span> able-bodied fit Men that have an Inclination to &#383;erve
+His Maje&#383;ty King GEORGE the Second, in the fir&#383;t
+Independent Company of Rangers, now in the Province of
+<i>Nova-Scotia</i>, commanded by <i>Jo&#383;eph Gorham, E&#383;q</i>;
+&#383;hall, on inli&#383;ting, receive good Pay and Cloathing, a
+large Bounty, with a Crown to drink the King's Health. And
+by repairing to the Sign of the Bear in King-Street,
+<i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, and to Mr. <i>Cornelius Crocker</i>, Innholder in
+<i>Barn&#383;table</i>, may hear the particular Encouragement, and
+many Advantages accruing to a Soldier, in the Cour&#383;e of
+the Duty of that Company, too long to in&#383;ert here; and
+further, may depend on being di&#383;charged at the Expiration
+of the Time entertained for, and to have every other
+Encouragement punctually compli'd with.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>There was a meeting of "very agreeable Ladies" in the interests of
+economy about the same time.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In a large Circle of very agreeable Ladies in this Town, it
+was unanimou&#383;ly agreed to lay a&#383;ide the U&#383;e of
+Ribbons, &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c. for which there has been &#383;o great a
+Re&#383;ort to Milliners in times pa&#383;t&mdash;&mdash;It is hoped that
+this Re&#383;olution will be followed by others of the Sex
+throughout the Province&mdash;<i>How<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> agreeable will they appear in
+their native Beauty, &#383;tript of the&#383;e Ornaments, from the
+prevailing Motive of Love to their Country.</i></p>
+
+<p>We mu&#383;t after all our Efforts, depend greatly upon the
+Female Sex for the Introduction of Oeconomy among us: And
+tho&#383;e who have the Plea&#383;ure of an Acquaintance with
+them, a&#383;&#383;ure us that their utmo&#383;t Aid will not be
+wanting.</p>
+
+<p>So &#383;trong is the Di&#383;po&#383;ition of the Inhabitants of
+this Town to take off the Manufactures that come from the
+Country Towns, e&#383;pecially Womens and Childrens Winter
+Apparel, that nothing is wanting but an Adverti&#383;ement
+where they may be had in Town, which will be taken in, and
+publi&#383;hed by the Printers of this Paper <i>Gratis</i>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Labrador tea began to take the place of green and bohea.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p style="margin-left: 1em;">Me&#383;&#383;ieurs <span class="smcap">Edes</span> &amp; <span class="smcap">Gill</span>,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> u&#383;e of <i>Hyperion</i> or <i>Labradore Tea</i>, is every day
+coming into more general vogue among people of all ranks.
+The virtues of the plant or &#383;hrub from which this delicate
+<i>Tea</i> is gathered, were fir&#383;t di&#383;covered by the
+<i>Aborigines</i>, and from them the <i>Canadians</i> learned them. It
+&#383;oon became into &#383;uch repute that quantities were &#383;ent
+to <i>France</i>, where I have heard &#383;ay, it was &#383;oon in
+&#383;uch demand, as alarmed the <i>French Ea&#383;t-India</i> company,
+and procured<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> an ordinance prohibiting the importation of
+any more on the pain of death. So little do &#383;ome
+politicians regard the health or even the life of man, when
+either of them appear to be incompatible with their
+particular intere&#383;ts, views and projects. Before the
+ce&#383;&#383;ion of <i>Canada</i> to <i>Great-Britain</i>, we knew little or
+nothing of this mo&#383;t excellent herb: but &#383;ince that we
+have been taught to find it growing on every hill and dale,
+between the Lat. 40 &amp; 60. It is to be found all over
+New-England in great plenty, and that of the be&#383;t quality,
+particularly on the banks of <i>Penob&#383;cot</i>, <i>Kennebeck</i>,
+<i>Nichewannock</i> and <i>Merrimac</i>. Immen&#383;e quantities may be
+found on the mountains near the great lakes.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing &#383;hort of the highe&#383;t degree of infatuation and
+madne&#383;s could ever have prevailed with us to introduce
+unwhole&#383;ome Exoticks. The voice of rea&#383;on crys louder
+than ever for their perpetual bani&#383;hment; and the further
+u&#383;e of them mu&#383;t be accounted for but by the force of
+invincible prejudice. This indeed &#383;ometimes leads to a
+preference of rank poi&#383;on if far fetched and dear bought,
+to the mo&#383;t &#383;alubrious draught at hand, with little
+pains or co&#383;t, tho' of ine&#383;timable value.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">A Tea-Drinker.</span></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The following items, Sept. 17, 1759, throw some light on the state of
+the country in some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> parts of New England, where, even if the "Lyons"
+once seen at Cape Ann by Wood had departed, there were still some bears,
+one having been seen within two miles of Boston.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We hear from Brentwood, in New Hamp&#383;hire Government, as
+two Children were gathering Beans in a Field, a large Bear
+came upon them and kill'd them both;&mdash;The Bear was
+pur&#383;ued, but could not be found.</p>
+
+<p>Al&#383;o from Che&#383;ter, in the &#383;ame Government, that a few
+Days after the above, another Bear came behind a Woman as
+&#383;he was walking along, not far from her Hou&#383;e, and tore
+off the hind Part of her Gown, which he carried off in his
+Mouth;&mdash;but the Woman happily made her E&#383;cape from him.</p>
+
+<p>And from King&#383;ton, in the County of Worce&#383;ter, we hear,
+that on Tue&#383;day la&#383;t as Mr. Stephen Clark of that Town
+was out a Hunting after Bears, his Next Door Neighbour went
+out into his Cornfield ju&#383;t at Evening, and &#383;eeing
+&#383;omething move which he thought was one of tho&#383;e
+Animals, &#383;hott at it, and upon his coming to the place,
+found it to be Mr. Clark as above-mention'd, &#383;hot thro'
+his Head, to his great &#383;urprize.</p>
+
+<p>We hear from Kittery, that in about 13 Days pa&#383;t, &#383;even
+large Bears have been kill'd within a Mile of the Rev. Mr.
+Rogers's Meeting Hou&#383;e.</p>
+
+<p>It is &#383;aid &#383;ome of the&#383;e voracious Animals have
+ventured down even to &#383;ome of the Seaport Towns<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> at the
+Ea&#383;tward.&mdash;Two of them were &#383;een at Medford la&#383;t Week;
+and one of them has been lately killed within two Miles of
+this Metropolis. Some have weighed above 300 lb. Wt.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Notice to Students of Harvard College:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">This</span> is to give Notice to the Candidates for their &#383;econd
+Degree at</i> Harvard-College <i>this Year, that they attend at
+the College by the 11th Day of</i> July <i>next, and if any
+&#383;hall neglect their Attendance accordingly, without
+&#383;ufficient Rea&#383;on therefor, they may not expect their
+&#383;aid Degrees this Year.</i></p>
+
+<p class='right'>Cambridge, June 9, 1759.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Edward Holyoke</span>, Pre&#383;ident.</p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">Notice</span> is hereby given to all who de&#383;ire an Admis&#383;ion
+into</i> Harvard College <i>this Year, That the Pre&#383;ident and
+Tutors have determined to attend the Bu&#383;ine&#383;s of
+Examination on Friday and Saturday the 19th and 20th Days
+of</i> July <i>next.</i></p>
+
+<p>Cambridge, June 9, 1759. <span class="smcap">Edward Holyoke</span>, Pres.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>When we remember the present condition of the city of Lynn, it is
+interesting to note how that place stood in reference to the shoe
+industry in the year 1762. The "Boston Gazette" of November 2 says:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We are confidently told, that in the Town of Lynn upwards of
+Forty Thou&#383;and Pair of Womens Shoes have been made in one
+Year, equal in Goodne&#383;s to any imported from Abroad&mdash;It is
+thought that in a few Years they will be &#383;upply'd with
+Callimanco and other Stuffs manufactured in this Province.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The statement has often been made by connoisseurs that there was no
+mahogany furniture in America before the Revolution; but this is a
+mistake, for here, in the "Boston Gazette" of Feb. 5, 1759, is an
+advertisement announcing the sale of a "Beautiful Mehogany Desk and
+Book-Case." Probably this was an early specimen of such kind of work, as
+mahogany, it is said, was not introduced into Europe long before this
+time.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big><i>To be Sold by</i> Mo&#383;es De&#383;hon,</big></p>
+
+<p>On Dock-Square, Next Wedne&#383;day, at V o'Clock, in the
+Afternoon, and Friday Evening following.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Hand&#383;ome 8 Day Clock, a Bra&#383;s Grate, Shovel Fire,
+Tongs, Tables, and a Variety of other Articles; a fine
+A&#383;&#383;ortment of Engli&#383;h, Scotch, and French Goods.</i> N.B.
+<i>A beautiful Mehogany De&#383;k and Book-Ca&#383;e; and a Quantity
+of Cannon-Powder to di&#383;po&#383;e of at private Sale.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>A curious advertisement of a runaway convict in Maryland appears in the
+same paper, Sept. 15, 1759:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>Fifteen Pi&#383;toles Reward.</big></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Ran-away</span> from the Sub&#383;criber, (living at ANNAPOLIS, in
+MARYLAND) in <i>June</i> la&#383;t, a Convict Servant Man, named
+<i>Thomas Read</i>, alias <i>Cutbert</i>, about 25 or 30 Years of Age,
+5 Feet, 4 Inches high, well &#383;et, grey Eyes, large No&#383;e,
+and had &#383;hort brown curl'd Hair. He is &#383;uppo&#383;ed to be
+in <i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, or &#383;ome of the Northern Governments; is a
+Jeweller, and Motto-Ring-Engraver, and is an artful
+talkative pert Fellow;&mdash;can write pretty well, and has
+doubtle&#383;s help'd him&#383;elf to a Di&#383;charge, Pa&#383;s, or
+any other Writing to deceive, and &#383;uit his Purpo&#383;e; His
+Apparel is probably genteel, as he had Money with him, a
+Watch in his Pocket, and a large Stock of Pride; By what
+Name he now goes is uncertain, as he has Impudence eno to
+pick &amp; chu&#383;e any he &#383;hould think proper.</p>
+
+<p>Whoever takes the &#383;aid Convict Servant, and returns him to
+his Ma&#383;ter, &#383;hall have FIFTEEN PISTOLES Reward, and
+rea&#383;onable Charges paid, by</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><i>Annapolis, September 15,<br /> 1759.</i></td><td align='right'><big>JOHN INCH.</big></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class='center'>Boston, Printed and Sold by <span class="smcap">Edes &amp; Gill</span>. 1759.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In the year 1762 there appears to have been quite a stir in reference to
+economy and home productions, and doubtless the spinning-wheels were
+constantly in use. In the "Boston Gazette," November 2, is a very
+curious letter of Henry Flynt, a noted teacher, addressed to the ladies
+of North America.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>To the</i> LADIES <i>of</i> <span class="smcap">North America</span>.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">Ladies,</span></p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">I am</span> one of tho&#383;e who think it not only high Time but of
+the la&#383;t Importance, that you &#383;hould be publickly
+addre&#383;&#383;ed: And of the many ingenious Pens, which in the
+Cour&#383;e of a few Years have informed and enlightened this
+Country, I have often wi&#383;hed that at lea&#383;t &#383;ome one of
+them had been more particularly devoted to your Service.
+This would have agreeably prevented me in an attempt to
+which I find my&#383;elf in all Re&#383;pects but too unequal. Yet
+relying on your good Sen&#383;e and Candour, I venture to lay
+at your Feet a few well-intended Sentiments, which tho' in a
+plain home&#383;pun Garb, I hope will not offend. I am
+convinced that at this pre&#383;ent it is not only in your
+Inclination and Will, but al&#383;o in your Power, to effect
+more in favour of your Country, than an Army of an Hundred
+Thou&#383;and Men; and indeed more than all the armed Men on
+this va&#383;t Continent.</i>&mdash;Can a Woman forget her Ornaments?
+<i>Yes I know &#383;he can.</i> Deborah <i>once judged I&#383;rael, and
+&#383;ome think it was never judged much<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> better afterwards.
+But what tho't</i> Deborah <i>or</i> Jael <i>of their Ornaments, when
+the one was contriving, &amp; the other driving the Nail that
+would go? What tho't beautiful</i> E&#383;ther <i>of her Ornaments,
+when tho&#383;e of her Kindred &amp; Hou&#383;hold were in immediate
+and imminent Danger, by the Decree treacherou&#383;ly obtained
+by</i> Haman, <i>from the mouth of her beloved and almo&#383;t
+adored</i> Lord Aha&#383;uerus <i>the Great? What tho't</i> Judith <i>of
+her Ornaments, when &#383;he was &#383;evering the Head of</i>
+Holofernes <i>from his Body, or while flying with the Prize to
+the Relief of her de&#383;pairing Friends? The Time would fail
+me, were I to recount the wondrous Deeds and mighty
+Atchievements of renowned and honorable Women in all Ages.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>I have but alluded to a few In&#383;tances, among many of
+divine Heroi&#383;m in your Sex, which hath often &#383;aved a
+Country, when the dull ploding Wi&#383;dom of man has been
+totally at a Plunge. How near we are to &#383;uch a</i> Cri&#383;is,
+<i>is left to the Conjecture of others. It would be a little
+out of Nature to expect the Birth and Exploits of Heroines
+to take Place before tho&#383;e of Heroes. I believe we &#383;hall
+be furni&#383;hed with both in their Order, as Occa&#383;ion may
+require. All I think at pre&#383;ent that can be rea&#383;onably
+expected or de&#383;ired of you, is to con&#383;ent to lay a&#383;ide
+all &#383;uperfluous Ornaments for a Sea&#383;on&mdash;after which they
+&#383;hall be &#383;urely returned to you again with
+Intere&#383;ts.&mdash;You &#383;hall be cloathed in Purple, and
+Scarlet, and Fine Linnen of our own, and with other glorious
+Apparel; which, if po&#383;&#383;ible, &#383;hall add a Lu&#383;tre to
+your native Charms.</i></p>
+
+<p class='right'>HENRY FLYNT.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Newport, R.I., has the reputation of having been engaged in the
+slave-trade before the Revolution; and the following item, in the
+"Boston Gazette," June 30, 1762, noticing without comment the arrival of
+a Guinea trader there, would seem to show it to have been not an
+uncommon occurrence.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We hear from Newport, Rhode I&#383;land, That Capt. Carpenter
+was arrived there from the Coa&#383;t of Guinea, having had 104
+Days Pa&#383;&#383;age, ten Days whereof they were without Meat, but
+had a Sufficiency of Rice and Corn. They lo&#383;t but &#383;ix
+Slaves out of 69 they bro't out with them.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>On the 5th of November "the gunpowder treason and plot" was formerly
+pretty generally remembered,&mdash;by the boys, at least, who made bonfires
+and burned tar-barrels. We believe the custom has fallen into disuse
+except in Salem and Marblehead, where there seems to be a little
+"Colonialism" left. As recently as 1885 the writer saw a bonfire in
+honor of the occasion on a hill near the latter place. In 1762 there
+must have been quite a demonstration, if we can judge anything<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> by a
+vote of the town of Boston. Englishmen visiting us have sometimes
+expressed astonishment at learning that this curious custom should still
+be kept up here, while it had been abolished at home.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Upon a motion made, <i>Voted</i>, That the Town will take all
+proper Mea&#383;ures, by keeping in their Children and
+Servants, &amp; other Ways, to prevent the Di&#383;turbances which
+have &#383;ometimes happened on or about the 5th Day of
+November.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;">Atte&#383;t,</p>
+<p class='center'><big>William Cooper, <i>Town-Clerk</i>.</big></p>
+
+<p><i>Tue&#383;day la&#383;t (5th November) being the Anniver&#383;ary of
+the happy Deliverance of the Briti&#383;h Nation from the
+Popi&#383;h Powder Plot, at Noon the Guns at Ca&#383;tle William
+and at the Batteries in this Town were fired: At One all the
+nine Men of War then in this Harbour al&#383;o fired.</i></p>
+
+<p class='right'>From the <i>Essex Gazette</i>, Nov. 12, 1771.</p></div>
+
+<p>The accommodation offered for travel between Boston and New York before
+the Revolution must have been slim enough, judging from an advertisement
+in the "Boston<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> Gazette" in 1761. Passengers then went by vessel from
+Providence; that is, "Gentlemen Passengers." Whether ladies were
+accommodated or not, does not appear; but perhaps they were in the habit
+of going by stage, taking a week or so to accomplish the journey, or,
+more than likely, few ever travelled at all in those times. In our day,
+when every one is on the move, it is hard to realize this state of
+things.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Notice is Given, That SAMUEL and WILLIAM CHACE, of</i>
+Providence, <i>have a &#383;uitable Ve&#383;&#383;el that goes &#383;teadily
+between there and</i> New-York. <i>So that all Gentlemen
+Pa&#383;&#383;engers and others that incline to take the Rout from</i>
+Boston <i>to</i> New-York, <i>or from</i> New-York <i>to</i> Boston, <i>may
+be well accommodated.</i></p>
+
+<p class='right'>Providence, Aug. 29, 1761.</p></div>
+
+<p>"In 1756," Watson says, "the first stage was started between
+Philadelphia and New York by Mr. Butler; three days through in summer
+time, five and six in winter. In 1765 a second stage was started, to go
+through positively in three days. This was a covered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> Jersey
+wagon,&mdash;fare, twopence per mile. In 1766 another stage, called the
+'Flying Machine,' was started, to go through in two days,&mdash;threepence
+per mile."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>A brief account of Montreal in the "Boston Gazette," March 30, 1761.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>NEW-YORK, March 23.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Extract of a Letter from Montreal.</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;"The Ca&#383;e of the poor Canadians is really deplorable,
+occa&#383;ioned by the bankruptcy of the crown of France. Many
+of them who had, with great danger and labour, acquired
+e&#383;tates worth 20,000&nbsp;l. &#383;terl. by the fur-trade, or
+otherwi&#383;e, can now &#383;carce procure a dinner. All their
+remittances from their mother country, con&#383;i&#383;ted in
+bills on the French King, which are not now worth one
+farthing, as no body whatever will accept of them in
+payment. It is computed there is above the value of
+3,000,000&nbsp;l. &#383;terling of the&#383;e u&#383;ele&#383;s paper
+&#383;craps, circulated through the colony, which, as a reward
+to the wretched inhabitants for all their hard&#383;hips and
+fatigues, mu&#383;t now &#383;upply the place of affluence and
+independence. Mo&#383;t, if not all of them, are perfectly
+reconciled to the Briti&#383;h government, as they can now with
+&#383;ecurity enjoy any little property they have; whereas
+formerly, Governor Vaudreuil made no ceremony of &#383;eizing
+the produce<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> of their lands, their merchandize and
+manufactures of every kind, and after conveying them to the
+King's &#383;tore hou&#383;es, paid to the proprietors any price
+he plea&#383;ed. If the owners thereafter had occa&#383;ion for
+any of their own commodities, they could not procure them
+under twenty times the price they had received.</p>
+
+<p>"Montreal in general is a well built town, but incapable of
+any defence. The churches are elegant, and the hou&#383;es of
+&#383;ome of their principal men are really magnificent; though
+few in number. The Hotel Dieu is by far the fine&#383;t
+ho&#383;pital I ever &#383;aw, every thing in it is extremely neat
+and convenient.</p>
+
+<p>"The people here are extravagantly fond of dre&#383;s; a
+&#383;tranger would take Montreal to be a city inhabited by
+none but the rich and idle: they are all finely powdered,
+walk with their hats under their arms, and wear long coats,
+adorned with tin&#383;el lace, and buttoned down to the
+extremity. Since I came here, I have not &#383;een one man
+dre&#383;&#383;ed like a trade&#383;man. The ladies in general are
+hand&#383;ome, extremely gay, and well bred."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In 1767 the best soap and "dipt" and "mould" candles were sold at the
+post-office in Boston, according to an advertisement in the "Gazette" of
+October 26. The candles were made of tallow, and gave but little light,
+requiring almost constant snuffing. Other kinds of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> candles were not in
+general use in New England in the last century. Sperm oil and sperm or
+wax candles could be used only by the wealthy. Many families, for
+economy, made their own candles. This practice was common in New England
+down to within fifty years.</p>
+
+<p>It will be recollected that Dr. Franklin's father was a tallow-chandler
+in Boston, and that the Doctor himself worked at the business when a
+boy. Elizabeth Franklin, whose name appears in the following
+advertisement, was probably a relative of the family.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='center'>
+<small>SOLD BY</small><br />
+<i><big>Elizabeth Franklin,</big></i><br />
+<small>At the Po&#383;t-Office,</small><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> best true Crown Soap, Alicant be&#383;t hard Soap, by the
+Doz. or &#383;ingle Pound, dipt and mould Candles at the
+lowe&#383;t Price.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Every week the burials and baptisms in Boston were thus inserted in the
+papers. The following is from the "Gazette" of Nov. 23, 1767:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>Buried in the Town of Bo&#383;ton &#383;ince our la&#383;t,<br />
+Five Whites.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Three Blacks.<br />
+ Baptiz'd in the &#383;everal Churches, Four.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>This custom was continued many years. We take the following from the
+"Massachusetts Centinel," April 2, 1788:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>BURIED <i>in town la&#383;t week</i> 11&mdash;BAPTISED 14.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Publi&#383;hed by BENJAMIN RUSSELL, near the<br />
+State-Hou&#383;e, Bo&#383;ton.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>General Wolfe's Manifesto from the "Boston Gazette," Dec. 10, 1759.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>As the Manife&#383;to lately publi&#383;hed was only a
+Tran&#383;lation from a French Manu&#383;cript, we are reque&#383;ted
+to publi&#383;h the following, which is</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>
+<i>General</i> WOLFE's Manife&#383;to,<br />
+<i>as written by Him&#383;elf.</i></big></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> formidable Sea and Land Armament which the People of
+<i>Canada</i> now behold in the Heart of their Country is
+intended by the King my Ma&#383;ter to check the in&#383;olence of
+<i>France</i>;&mdash;To revenge the In&#383;ults offered to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>
+<i>Briti&#383;h</i> Colonies, and totally deprive the <i>French</i> of
+their mo&#383;t valuable Settlements in <i>North-America</i>.</p>
+
+<p>For the&#383;e Purpo&#383;es only is the Formidable Army under my
+Command intended.</p>
+
+<p>The King of <i>Great-Britain</i> wages no War with the
+Indu&#383;trious Pea&#383;ant, the &#383;acred Orders of Religion, or
+the defencele&#383;s Women and Children: To the&#383;e in their
+di&#383;tre&#383;sful Circum&#383;tances His Royal Clemency offers
+Protection. The People may remain unmole&#383;ted on their
+Lands, inhabit their Hou&#383;es, and enjoy their Religion in
+Security. For the&#383;e ine&#383;timable Ble&#383;&#383;ings, I expect
+the <i>Canadians</i> will take no Part in the Great Conte&#383;t
+between the two Crowns; But if by a vain Ob&#383;tinacy, and
+mi&#383;guided Valour, they pre&#383;ume to appear in Arms, they
+mu&#383;t expect the mo&#383;t fatal Con&#383;equences; their
+Habitations de&#383;troyed, their &#383;acred Temples expo&#383;ed to
+the Fury of an exa&#383;perated Soldiery; their Harve&#383;t
+utterly ruined, and the only Pa&#383;&#383;age of Relief &#383;topped
+up by a mo&#383;t formidable Fleet.&mdash;In this unhappy Situation,
+and clo&#383;ely attacked by another great Army, what can the
+wretched Natives expect from Oppo&#383;ition!</p>
+
+<p>THE unparelelled Barbarities exerted by the <i>French</i>
+again&#383;t our Settlements in <i>America</i>, might ju&#383;tify the
+bittere&#383;t Revenge in the Army under my Command; but
+<i>Britons</i> breathe higher Sentiments of Humanity, and
+li&#383;ten to the merciful Dictates of the Chri&#383;tian
+Religion. Yet &#383;hould you &#383;uffer your&#383;elves to be
+deluded by an imaginary Pro&#383;pect of our want of Succe&#383;s;
+&#383;hould you refu&#383;e tho&#383;e Terms, and per&#383;i&#383;t<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> in
+Oppo&#383;ition; Then &#383;urely will the Law of Nations
+ju&#383;tify the Wa&#383;te of War, &#383;o nece&#383;&#383;ary to cru&#383;h an
+ungenerous Enemy: and Then, the mi&#383;erable <i>Canadians</i>
+mu&#383;t in the Winter have the Mortification of &#383;eeing
+tho&#383;e very Families, they have been exerting a fruitle&#383;s
+and indi&#383;creet Bravery for, peri&#383;h by the mo&#383;t
+di&#383;mal Want and Famine.</p>
+
+<p>In this great Dilemma let the Wi&#383;dom of the People of
+<i>Canada</i> &#383;hew it&#383;elf!</p>
+
+<p><i>BRITAIN</i> &#383;tretches out a powerful, yet a merciful Hand,
+Faithful to her Engagements, and ready to &#383;ecure them in
+their mo&#383;t valuable Rights and Po&#383;&#383;e&#383;&#383;ions.</p>
+
+<p><i>FRANCE</i>, unable to &#383;upport <i>Canada</i>, de&#383;erts her
+Cau&#383;e at this important Cri&#383;is, and during the whole War
+has a&#383;&#383;i&#383;ted her with Troops, who have been maintained
+<i>only</i> by making the Natives feel all the Weight of grievous
+and lawle&#383;s Oppre&#383;&#383;ion.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>JAMES WOLFE.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'>Bo&#383;ton, <i>November 2, 1761</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>La&#383;t Evening, ju&#383;t at Eight o'Clock, this Town was
+alarmed with the Shock of an</i> EARTHQUAKE.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Gazette.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>On the 15th of August, 1763, the "Boston Post-Boy" gives the following
+account of the celebration of a royal birthday:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big><i>BOSTON, Augu&#383;t 15.</i></big></p>
+
+<p>On Friday being the Birth-Day of the <i>Prince of Wales</i>, and
+the Anniver&#383;ary of the Acce&#383;&#383;ion of the Hou&#383;e of
+<i>Hanover</i>, and al&#383;o of the Surrender of the <i>Havanna</i>,
+which was the immediate Means of bringing about the Peace;
+at One o'Clock the Guns at the Ca&#383;tle and Town Batteries
+were Fired; and in the Evening his Excellency the Governor
+gave a Ball at Concert Hall. There were pre&#383;ent about 240
+Gentlemen and Ladies; the Ball was opened by General
+<i>Shirley</i> and the Governor's Lady about 8 o'Clock; the
+Country Dances began about nine, and about ten a Supper Room
+was opened, where was a very hand&#383;ome Collation. The
+Ladies made a brilliant Appearance, and the Company
+expre&#383;&#383;ed the highe&#383;t Plea&#383;ure and Satisfaction on the
+Occa&#383;ion, and broke up about two in the Morning. The whole
+was conducted with the greate&#383;t Order, Elegance and
+Decorum.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The great military "occasion" of those days was the annual parade of the
+Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. In June, 1763,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> that Company
+celebrated its one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary. In the "Boston
+Post-Boy" of June 13 we have this account:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Monday la&#383;t, agreeable to ancient Cu&#383;tom, the Artillery
+Company of the Province, appeared under Arms, being the
+Anniver&#383;ary of the Election of Officers for the Company: A
+Sermon was preached by the Rev'd Mr. <i>Balch</i> of <i>Dedham</i>, at
+the Old Brick Meeting-Hou&#383;e, where his Excellency the
+Governor, the Members of his Maje&#383;ty's Council and Hou&#383;e
+of Repre&#383;entatives, with a Number of other Gentlemen,
+attended; after which they proceeded to Faneuil-Hall, where
+an elegant Dinner was provided; and in the Afternoon the
+following Gentlemen were cho&#383;en for the en&#383;uing Year,
+viz.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 4em;">
+<i>Thomas Mar&#383;hall</i>, E&#383;q; Captain,<br />
+Mr. <i>Jo&#383;iah Waters</i>, Lieutenant,<br />
+Mr. <i>Jeremiah Belknap</i>, En&#383;ign.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In the Evening a plentiful Repa&#383;t was given by the
+Officers newly elected, at Faneuil-Hall; where many loyal
+Healths were drank.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>After the great fire in Boston in March, 1760, this item appeared in the
+"Gazette" of May 19:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We hear that <i>Charles Ward Apthorp</i>, E&#383;q; of <i>N.-York</i>,
+Merchant, upon hearing of the Calamity which had befallen
+this Town by the late dreadful Fire, generou&#383;ly ordered
+his Agent here to pay to the Gentlemen appointed to receive
+the Donations of charitable di&#383;pos'd Per&#383;ons the Sum of
+<i>One Hundred</i> Pounds, L.M. for the Relief of the Sufferers.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Apthorp, of New York, made this generous donation&mdash;a large sum for
+that time&mdash;for the relief of the sufferers of his native place.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>On the 30th of March, 1761, the "Boston Gazette" prints the following
+among its items of news:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>The following Proverbs we hope will not be di&#383;regarded,
+tho' taken from a Book in the Hands of almo&#383;t every
+Freeholder in this Province; for they are true Engli&#383;h
+Proverbs</i>&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i><span class="smcap">Look</span> before you leap&mdash;Wi&#383;e Men think twice before they
+act once&mdash;Avoidance is better than late Repentance&mdash;Put your
+Hand in the Lion's Mouth, then get it out if you
+can&mdash;Ha&#383;te makes Wa&#383;te&mdash;Fa&#383;t bind fa&#383;t find&mdash;A Wedge
+once enter'd, the Log flies&mdash;You may add, when you cannot
+take away&mdash;Cut your Coat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> according to your Cloth&mdash;A ra&#383;h
+Beginning makes a fooli&#383;h Ending&mdash;Better late than
+never&mdash;He that acts for others, &#383;hould act with
+Caution&mdash;Once well done is twice done&mdash;A wi&#383;e Man
+fore&#383;eeth the Storm and &#383;ecureth him&#383;elf&mdash;&mdash;Of all
+Murderers, Self-Murderers are the mo&#383;t &#383;tupid&mdash;A Snake
+in the Gra&#383;s may bite before it is &#383;een.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>A Word to the Wi&#383;e is &#383;ufficient. <span class="smcap">Amen</span>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Boston in Olden Times</span>.&mdash;The "Boston Transcript," in a notice of the
+newspapers published in Boston in 1767, of which there were ten, says:
+The printer in those days was a man of "all work." If a negro or horse
+was up for sale, the printer was the seller. The advertisements in these
+old papers are curiosities in their line. The following notices appeared
+in the advertising columns of the "Boston Evening Gazette," in 1741:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"To be sold by the Printer of this Paper, the very best
+negro woman in this town, who has had the small pox and the
+measles; is as hearty as a horse, as brisk as a bird, and
+will work like a beaver."</p>
+
+<p>"To be sold by the Printer of this Paper, a negro man about
+thirty years old, who can do both town and country business
+very well, but will suit the country best, where they have
+not so many dram-shops<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> as we have in Boston. He has worked
+at the printing business fifteen or sixteen years; can
+handle axe, saw, spade, hoe, or other instrument of
+husbandry, as well as most men, and values himself, and is
+valued by others, for his skill in cookery."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>This item, from a paper of 1767, seems to show that the Government was
+not then obliged to have a "bill" to uphold silver, for it was evidently
+in the ascendency; but there was no Western territory at that time, or
+rather, it had not been discovered.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Gold as well as Silver will be taken for the Tickets, and
+the Prizes paid off in like Manner. Prizes not demanded
+within Twelve Months after Drawing, will not be paid, but
+will be deem'd as generou&#383;ly given for the Purpo&#383;e
+afore&#383;aid, and applied accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>Tickets to be had of the re&#383;pective Managers, and of Edes
+and Gill.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Fashionable weddings in the days of the spinning-wheel were not so fully
+described as they are at the present day. Nothing used<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> to be said about
+the "magnificent dresses," "best man," "ushers," "contracting parties,"
+"elegant presents," etc., etc.; there was a simple announcement of the
+fact. Here are specimens of marriage announcements,&mdash;persons belonging
+to the first families in Boston.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><small>"Boston Gazette," Feb. 5, 1759.</small></p>
+
+<p>La&#383;t Thur&#383;day Morning, was married at King's-Chappel,
+Dr. <span class="smcap">Thomas Bulfinch</span>, Son of the late Dr. <span class="smcap">Bulfinch</span> of this
+Town, to Mrs. <span class="smcap">Susan Apthorpe</span>, Daughter of the late <span class="smcap">Charles
+Apthorpe</span>, E&#383;q; The Rev'd Mr. <span class="smcap">Apthorpe</span> perform'd the
+Ceremony, before a very great Number of Spectators.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><small>"Columbian Centinel," March 26, 1788.</small></p>
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;Mr. THOMAS H. PERKINS, merchant, to Mi&#383;s SALLY ELLIOT,
+only daughter of Mr. <span class="smcap">Simon Elliot</span>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><small>"Gazette," Jan. 26, 1767.</small></p>
+
+<p class='center'>BOSTON, January 26, 1767.</p>
+
+<p>Tue&#383;day the Honorable <span class="smcap">John Temple</span>, E&#383;q; Surveyor-General
+of North-America, was married to Mi&#383;s <span class="smcap">Bowdoin</span>, Daughter of
+the Honorable <span class="smcap">James Bowdoin</span>, E&#383;q; of this Town.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Specimen of a house in "Corn-Hill," from the "Post-Boy," May 7, 1763.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px;">
+<a href="images/img043.png"><img src="images/img043_th.png" width="150" height="118" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p class='center'><big>TO BE SOLD,</big></p>
+
+<p>A Large and Commodious Brick Dwelling-Hou&#383;e, plea&#383;ently
+&#383;cituated in Corn-Hill: For further particulars Enquire of
+<i>Green &amp; Ru&#383;&#383;ell</i> Printers in Queen-&#383;treet.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The "Virginia Gazette" gives an account of an early and bold attempt at
+British impressment of seamen. This business caused us a great deal of
+trouble in after years, and was one of the causes of "Madison's War," as
+the old people were fond of calling it.</p>
+
+<p>The press-gang was one of the peculiar institutions of Great Britain.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'>BOSTON, October 26, 1767.</p>
+
+<p>By the Virginia Gazette, of the fir&#383;t In&#383;tant, it
+appears that Captain Morgan, of the Hornet Sloop of War,
+concerted a bloody riotous Plan, to impre&#383;s Seamen, at
+Norfolk, for which Purpo&#383;e, his Tender was equipped with
+Guns and Men, and under Cover of the Night &#383;aid Morgan
+landed at a public Wharff, having fir&#383;t made proper
+Di&#383;po&#383;itions either for an Attack or Retreat, then went
+to a Tavern, and took<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> a chearful Gla&#383;s, after which they
+went to work, and took every Per&#383;on they met with, and
+knocked all down that re&#383;i&#383;ted; and dragged them on
+board the Tender; but the Town &#383;oon took the Alarm, and
+being headed by Paul Loyal, E&#383;q; a Magi&#383;trate, they
+endeavoured to convince Capt. Morgan of his Error, and being
+deaf to all they &#383;aid he ordered the People in the Tender
+to fire on the Inhabitants, but they refu&#383;ed to obey their
+Commanders Orders, and he was &#383;oon obliged to fly, leaving
+&#383;ome of the Hornets behind, who were &#383;ent to Gaol, but
+were afterwards relea&#383;ed.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. John Ashton, in his recently published work on "Social Life in
+England at the end of the Eighteenth Century," informs us that one
+evening in the year 1790, 2,100 men were pressed in London alone,
+besides many more at the seaport towns.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In the summer of 1762 there was a severe drought in Massachusetts, and
+the Governor issued a proclamation recommending public prayers for rain;
+but it will be noticed that he says if rain should come before the day
+set apart for prayers, then, instead of humiliation, it would be the
+duty of the people to make it a day of thanksgiving. The proclamation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>
+referred to was published in the "Boston Post-Boy" of July 13, 1762.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a href="images/img045.png"><img src="images/img045_th.png" width="400" height="176" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p class='center'>By <span class="smcap">His Excellency</span></p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>FRANCIS BERNARD, E&#383;q;</big></p>
+
+<p class='center'>Captain-General and Governor in Chief, in and over His
+Maje&#383;ty's Province of <i>Ma&#383;&#383;achu&#383;etts-Bay</i> in
+<i>New-England</i>, and Vice-Admiral of the &#383;ame.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>A PROCLAMATION</big></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>For a Day of Public Prayer.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">It</span> having plea&#383;ed Almighty God to vi&#383;it this Province
+with another &#383;evere Drought, which, if it &#383;hould
+continue much longer, cannot fail of bringing great
+Di&#383;tre&#383;s upon the Inhabitants thereof&mdash;We are again
+called upon to &#383;upplicate the Interpo&#383;ition of Divine
+Providence to relieve this Country from the imminent Danger
+with which it is threatned, by di&#383;pen&#383;ing timely and
+plentiful Rain.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">I have</span> therefore thought fit to appoint, and I do, by and
+with the Advice of His Maje&#383;ty's Council, appoint
+Wedne&#383;day the Twenty-eighth Day of this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> In&#383;tant <i>July</i>
+to be a Day of Public Prayer throughout the Province:
+Whereon the whole People may as at one Time humble
+them&#383;elves before Almighty God, acknowledging their great
+Unworthine&#383;s, and confe&#383;&#383;ing their manifold Sins, and
+imploring the Supreme Di&#383;pen&#383;er of all Good, that He
+would be graciou&#383;ly plea&#383;ed not to with-hold from them
+the Fruits of the Earth, but by &#383;ea&#383;onable and
+refre&#383;hing Rains bring what yet remains unde&#383;troyed to a
+due and &#383;ea&#383;onable Maturity.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">And whereas</span> &#383;ome Places have been exempted from the
+general Want of Rain; and it is to be hoped that before the
+Day appointed as afore&#383;aid, many others, and po&#383;&#383;ibly
+the whole Province, may have a gracious and timely Relief:
+It will be our Duty to intermix Thank&#383;giving with
+Humiliation, in &#383;uch a Manner as the State of the
+Province, and particular Parts thereof, &#383;hall at that Time
+require.</p>
+
+<p>And I do order the &#383;aid Day to be ob&#383;erved as a Day
+&#383;et apart for Religious Wor&#383;hip, and that no &#383;ervile
+Labour or Recreation be permitted thereon.</p>
+
+<p><i>GIVEN at the Council-Chamber in</i> Bo&#383;ton, <i>the Ninth Day
+of</i> July, 1762, <i>in the Second Year of the Reign of our
+Sovereign Lord</i> GEORGE <i>the Third, by the Grace of GOD, of</i>
+Great-Britain, France, <i>and</i> Ireland, <i>KING, Defender of the
+Faith</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+<p class='right'><i>Fra. Bernard.</i></p>
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">By His Excellency's Command,</p>
+<p style="margin-left: 4em;">A. OLIVER, Secr'y.</p>
+<p style="margin-left: 6em;">GOD Save the KING.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Fire-works to be "play'd off," Aug. 13, 1759. From the "Boston Gazette."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Publick REJOICINGS in Town this Day, on Account of the
+Succe&#383;s of His Maje&#383;ty's Arms in the Reduction of
+Ticonderoga, Niagara and Crown-Point, by the Troops under
+the Command of the victorious General AMHERST, are now
+beginning&mdash;A great Number of People have been employ'd in
+making Fire-Works, &amp;c. which will be play'd off this
+Evening, when there will be a hand&#383;ome illumination.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The "Post-Boy" of November 15 of that year prints the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>NEW-YORK, November 15.</p>
+
+<p>The Ships Manche&#383;ter and Edward, that arrived here lately
+from London, brought over no le&#383;s than 206 Che&#383;ts of
+Green and Bohea Teas, for the different Merchants of this
+City.</p>
+
+<p>Since our la&#383;t two Ve&#383;&#383;els arrived here from Ireland,
+with about 2000 Firkins of choice Iri&#383;h Butter, which we
+hope will bring down the Price of that Article.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>We get an idea of men's clothing in 1767 from the following:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i><span class="smcap">Whereas</span> in the Time of Divine Service Ye&#383;terday, the
+Hou&#383;e of the Sub&#383;criber was broke open, and the
+following Things &#383;tolen from thence, viz.</i> a
+Chocolate-colour Coat and Jacket trim'd with Bra&#383;s
+Buttons, a cloth-colour'd cut-velvet Jacket with white
+Buttons, a pair Wa&#383;h-Leather Breeches with white Buttons,
+five Silver Tea-Spoons, and one large ditto, mark'd G.P.
+<i>Whoever &#383;hall apprehend the Thief or Thieves, &#383;o that
+he or they may be convicted, &#383;hall have FOUR DOLLARS
+Reward, paid by</i></p>
+
+<p class='right'>JOHN PRESCOTT.</p>
+
+<p>Concord, September 14, 1767.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Lectures were not common in the last century. It was not until within
+fifty or sixty years ago, when Lyceums began to be established, that the
+lecture system became developed.</p>
+
+<p>We find that in 1769 a Mr. Douglass lectured in Boston, according to an
+advertisement in the "Chronicle," August 17th.</p>
+
+<p>The well-known Colonel David Mason of the Revolution, who was a
+prominent figure among the patriots at Leslie's Retreat at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> North
+Bridge in Salem in February, 1775, was one of the earliest, if not the
+very first, to lecture in Salem upon a scientific subject. In the "Essex
+Gazette," Jan. 15, 1771, we find his advertisement:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>No longer than next Week, will<br />
+Continue to be exhibited,
+every Evening in which the Air is dry, (Saturday and Sunday
+excepted)</i></p>
+
+<p>A Course of Experiments in that in&#383;tructive and
+entertaining Branch of Natural PHILOSOPHY, called</p>
+
+<p class='center'><b><big>Electricity</big></b>,</p>
+
+<p>To be accompanied with Methodical Lectures on the Nature and
+Properties of that WONDERFUL ELEMENT,</p>
+
+<p class='center'>By David Ma&#383;on,</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+At his Dwelling-Hou&#383;e near the North Bridge.<br />
+The Cour&#383;e to con&#383;i&#383;t of two Lectures,<br />
+<small>At a Pi&#383;tareen each Lecture.</small></p>
+
+<p>As the Knowledge of Nature tends to enlarge the human Mind,
+and give us more noble, more grand and exalted Ideas of the
+<span class="smcap">Author</span> of Nature, and if well pur&#383;ued, &#383;eldom fails
+producing &#383;omething <i>u&#383;eful</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> to Man, 'tis hoped the&#383;e
+Lectures may be thought worthy of Regard and Encouragement.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Tickets to be had at the above Place.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='center'>
+<i>Po&#383;itively the LAST NIGHT.</i><br />
+<big>To-Morrow, being Friday</big>,<br />
+<small><i>Augu&#383;t 17, 1769.</i></small><br />
+<big>Mr. Dougla&#383;s</big>,<br />
+<small><i>Will deliver the</i></small><br />
+<i>LECTURE</i><br />
+<small>ON</small><br />
+<big>HEADS,</big><br />
+<i>Coats of Arms, Wigs, Ladies-head<br />
+Dre&#383;&#383;es,</i> &amp;c., &amp;c., &amp;c., &amp;c.<br />
+After which, will be pronounced<br />
+<span class="smcap">Some Select Pieces</span><br />
+From<br />
+<span class="smcap">The most Celebrated</span><br />
+<big>ENGLISH POETS.</big><br />
+<sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> Tickets for Admi&#383;&#383;ion, to be had of <i>Green</i> and<br />
+<i>Ru&#383;&#383;ell</i>, and at the <i>Bunch of Grapes</i> in King-Street.<br />
+<i>At</i> HALF-a-DOLLAR each.<br />
+To begin exactly at 8 o'clock.<br />
+</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Thus we see that Salem was early in the field of literature and science.
+Its citizens must take pride in remembering such great names as
+Nathaniel Bowditch, William H. Prescott, Joseph Story, Timothy
+Pickering, John Pickering, Benjamin Peirce, William W. Story, Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, and many others.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>When we see the great waste of paper in these days,&mdash;handbills,
+circulars, and newspapers, which are blowing about the streets at
+times,&mdash;we sometimes wonder how it was in 1767, on October 19, when the
+following notice appeared in the "Boston Gazette."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#9758; <i><span class="smcap">This</span> is to give Notice, That on</i> TUESDAY <i>the 27th
+In&#383;tant, the Bell-Cart will go thro'</i> Bo&#383;ton, <i>to
+collect Linnen Rags for</i> Milton <i>Paper-Mill; as the
+highe&#383;t Price will be given, all Hou&#383;e-keepers and
+others are de&#383;ired to have them in Readine&#383;s.&mdash;And, as
+it appears that all Sorts of Paper now to be imported, will
+come at a much higher Price than u&#383;ual&mdash;if People will but
+&#383;ave their Rags, it will not only be greatly intere&#383;ting
+to the Public that the afore&#383;aid Mill &#383;hould have a full
+Supply, but will al&#383;o<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> encourage the manufacturing of all
+&#383;uch different Sorts of Paper as are generally u&#383;ed
+among us, and a little to &#383;pare the neighbouring
+Governments.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Here are two notices,&mdash;the first, nearly eight years before the battle
+of Lexington, sounds warlike; the second is a call to promote greater
+economy on the part of the inhabitants.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Me&#383;&#383;ieurs</i> <span class="smcap">Edes &amp; Gill</span>,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Plea&#383;e to in&#383;ert the following in your next.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">It</span> is rumoured, and &#383;ome &#383;ay with great Probability,
+that a Body of Troops are ordered to be in Readine&#383;s at
+Halifax, to embark to any Part on the Continent of America,
+upon the fir&#383;t Notice of Unea&#383;ine&#383;s at the Novelties
+we daily expect.&mdash;It is as certain that America is al&#383;o in
+Readine&#383;s to defend their Liberties at the Ri&#383;que of
+every Thing el&#383;e&mdash;there can be no He&#383;itation whenever
+the Alternative &#383;hall be Slavery or Death&mdash;If therefore
+they wait to know whether we will tamely &#383;ubmit to
+Slavery, the &#383;ooner the Matter is bro't to a Cri&#383;is the
+better.&mdash;&mdash;But while we have any Opinion of the Integrity
+and good Sen&#383;e of the Parliament of G.B. &#383;uch Reports
+will not ea&#383;ily gain Credit. <span class="smcap">Determinatus.</span></p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Freeholders and other Inhabitants of this Town, are to
+meet at Faneuil-Hall, on Wedne&#383;day next, to con&#383;ider and
+agree upon &#383;ome effectual Mea&#383;ures to promote
+Indu&#383;try, Oeconomy, and Manufactures, thereby to prevent
+the unnece&#383;&#383;ary Importation of European Commodities, which
+threaten the Country with Poverty and Ruin, &amp;c.&mdash;&mdash;</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Timothy Pickering, the father of the distinguished Revolutionary officer
+and statesman of the same name, addressed an open letter to King George
+III., which is printed in the "Salem Gazette," Oct. 31, 1769. It is a
+very quaint production, but it shows the writer's love of simplicity and
+downright honesty. He was a sturdy Puritan.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'>"Oct. 31, 1769.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;">"<span class="smcap">To the King of Great Britain.</span></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Great Sir</span>,&mdash;Your Kingdom is like a Hou&#383;e divided
+again&#383;t it&#383;elf. Something Extraordinary mu&#383;t be done.
+Our Parliaments for fifty years pa&#383;t (or &#383;ome of them)
+have ruined the Nation, in making a mon&#383;trous Debt by
+hiring Money, while greater Sums have been expended in Pride
+and Luxury. Thirteen hundred Thou&#383;and Pounds Sterling, the
+Public Prints tell us, is paid annually to the Dutch as
+Intere&#383;t money. My Advice is that all Rulers and
+Officers,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> who have high Salaries, drop them, except &#383;o
+much as is nece&#383;&#383;ary for plain Living;&mdash;(Samuel had more
+Honour in his plain Living with his upright Mind, than Saul
+had in all his Princely Grandeur,)&mdash;And that all
+unnece&#383;&#383;ary Pen&#383;ions cea&#383;e together with military
+Officers half-pay, (How Unequal are our Ways: The&#383;e
+Officers mu&#383;t have large Half-Pay, while the common
+Soldiers are not allowed &#383;mall Half-Pay&mdash;who have been
+expo&#383;ed generally to greater Hardships than their
+Officers. Either let all have Half-Pay or none. The Soldiers
+are to be re&#383;pected as well as their Officers and are as
+nece&#383;&#383;ary,) and that high Taxes <i>very high</i> be laid on all
+Pride and Luxury, wherever it is found, the Clergy and the
+Women not excepted; And that great Taxes be laid on the
+Rich. I have an Income of but about eighty Pounds Sterling a
+Year, including my own Hands Labour, neverthele&#383;s I am
+freely willing to pay one quarter Part of it in Taxes till
+my Public Debts are paid. Others that have Two hundred a
+Year, can with Ea&#383;e pay one half of it in Taxes, if need
+be. <i>Pay thy Debts</i>; Owe no man anything is Law, <i>Divine and
+Moral</i>. Immoral Men are in the road that leads to Hell; if
+they attend Public Wor&#383;hip, they are Hypocrites, like the
+Scribes and Phari&#383;ees, of whom <i>Chri&#383;t</i> &#383;aid, Ye are
+of your Father the Devil. If I under&#383;tand the Apo&#383;tle,
+when such Men &#383;it or kneel at a Communion Table, it is a
+Table of Devils to them. Pray, Sir, tell your Placemen that
+the va&#383;t Multitude of your Subjects are very unea&#383;y that
+&#383;o<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> much of the Public Money, when rai&#383;ed is &#383;unk in
+the Gulph of Exhorbitancy. My Governor, Mr. Francis Bernard,
+demands a thou&#383;and Pounds Sterling a Year; one half that
+Sum is more than Enough, e&#383;pecially as the Nation is ready
+to &#383;ink with the Weight of its Public Debt. The <i>Clergy</i>
+can tell their Congregations that the New Te&#383;tament rather
+reproves than commands the wearing of co&#383;tly Array and
+faring &#383;umptuou&#383;ly every Day; And I may venture to tell
+my Readers that all tho&#383;e who neglect taking a
+con&#383;cientious care to pay their Debts, private Debts, as
+well as public, are in the high Way to De&#383;truction; the
+commonne&#383;s of the Sin don't abate the Malignity of it.</p>
+
+<p>P.S. Your Maje&#383;ty &#383;ees how diligent Governor Nehemiah
+was in reforming what was ami&#383;s in I&#383;rael. He was
+obliged indeed to contend with the Nobles and the Rulers who
+oppo&#383;ed him, but he &#383;ubdued them, and no wonder!
+Becau&#383;e he feared God and not Man.</p>
+
+<p>From a loyal Subject of my King and a &#383;incere Friend to
+his Kingdom.</p>
+
+
+<p class='right'>TIMOTHY PICKERING.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Pickering wrote a letter to his son, while the latter was a student
+at Harvard College, requesting him not to play at cards, a practice
+which he regarded as wicked. But the son (Colonel Timothy Pickering
+afterwards), as Mr. Upham, his biographer, well remarks, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> altogether
+too busy with his studies to waste time over cards.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>We do not observe in the old papers much that would indicate a belief in
+modern Spiritualism; but it would seem from some accounts that "angels"
+were occasionally seen. In the cases we quote, the kind of "angels" is
+not stated. Whether they were real live beauties, or not, can only be
+conjectured. Who would not now like to buy one of these books at "four
+Coppers," so as to read all about these angels?</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>THIS DAY PRINTED.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>(And Sold by <i>Green &amp; Ru&#383;&#383;el</i>, in Queen-Street,)</p>
+
+<p>A True &amp; wounderful Relation of the Appearance of THREE
+ANGELS, (cloathed in White Raiment) to a young Man at
+<i>Medford</i>, near <i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, in <i>New-England</i>, on the 4th of
+<i>February</i> 1761, at Night. Together with the Sub&#383;tance of
+the DISCOURSE, delivered by one of the Angels, from the 3d
+Chapter of <i>Colo&#383;&#383;ians</i>, and 4th Ver&#383;e.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Price only four Coppers.]</p>
+
+<p>&#9758; Good Allowance to tho&#383;e that purcha&#383;e by the Dozen.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Gazette</i>, Feb. 18, 1761.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>About this time, also, "angels" made their appearance "at home"
+(England), as will be seen by another notice from the same paper.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>This Day Publi&#383;hed,</big></p>
+
+<p class='center'>(<i>And Sold by</i> Fowle &amp; Draper, <i>in</i> Marlboro'-Street.)</p>
+
+<p>A full Relation of the &#383;urprizing Appearance of an Angel,
+in the Pari&#383;h-Church of Gain&#383;bury in Lincoln&#383;hire, on
+Chri&#383;tmas-Day la&#383;t, in the Morning.&mdash;From whom was
+obtained a Prophecy of many Things that &#383;hould come to
+pa&#383;s in Europe; but more e&#383;pecially in England and
+France:&mdash;The fir&#383;t of which Kingdoms is threatened with
+&#383;everal Judgments on Account of their great
+Mi&#383;improvement of peculiar Priviledges: Whil&#383;t the
+latter, notwith&#383;tanding their Endeavours to become great,
+&#383;hall be totally de&#383;troy'd by Di&#383;cord among
+them&#383;elves, &amp;c. &amp;c. The whole being a loud Call to
+Repentance.&mdash;Publi&#383;hed at the Reque&#383;t of the
+Pari&#383;hioners, and atte&#383;ted to by two Mini&#383;ters, and
+three E&#383;quires.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>1761.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In the "Boston Post-Boy" for Dec. 12, 1763, is an account of the
+dedication of the Synagogue in Newport, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>R.I.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>NEWPORT, December 5.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>On Friday la&#383;t, in the Afternoon, was the Dedication of
+the new Synagogue, in this Town. It began by a hand&#383;ome
+Proce&#383;&#383;ion, in which were carried the Books of the Law, to
+be depo&#383;ited in the Ark. Several Portions of Scripture,
+and of their Service, with a Prayer for the Royal Family,
+were read, and finely &#383;ung by the Prie&#383;t and People.
+There were pre&#383;ent many Gentlemen and Ladies. The Order
+and Decorum, the Harmony and Solemnity of the Mu&#383;ick,
+together with a hand&#383;ome A&#383;&#383;embly of People, in an
+Edifice the mo&#383;t perfect of the Temple Kind perhaps in
+America, and &#383;plendidly illuminated, could not but rai&#383;e
+in the Mind a faint Idea of the Maje&#383;ty and Grandeur of
+the antient Jewi&#383;h Wor&#383;hip mentioned in Scripture.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>We find by the "Salem Mercury" of March 30, 1789, that New Hackensack
+was fifty or sixty years before Rochester in "rappings" and
+"table-tippings." Who shall say that these manifestations, whatever they
+are, are not as old as man himself? The best and wisest of us do not
+know everything. There may be some science, yet in its infancy, which
+will some day be explained, so that all these things will then be
+perfectly understood. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> account here given has no appearance of
+deception. Had the girl lived a hundred years earlier, she would in all
+probability have been hanged for a witch; but had she lived in these
+days, she might have reaped a harvest from lectures and s&eacute;ances.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>PHILADELPHIA, March 10.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Fi&#383;hkill, dated
+March 3, 1789.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Were I to relate the many extraordinary accounts of the
+unfortunate girl at New-Hacken&#383;ack, your belief might,
+perhaps, be &#383;taggered. I &#383;hall therefore only inform you
+of what I was an eyewitne&#383;s to. La&#383;t Sunday afternoon
+my&#383;elf and wife went to Dr. Thorn's, and after &#383;itting
+&#383;ometime, we heard a knocking under the feet of a young
+woman that lives in the family; I a&#383;ked the Doctor what
+occa&#383;ioned the noi&#383;e&mdash;he could not tell, but replied,
+that he, together with &#383;everal others had examined the
+hou&#383;e, but were unable to di&#383;cover the cau&#383;e. I then
+took a candle, and went with the girl into the cellar&mdash;there
+the knocking al&#383;o continued; but as we were a&#383;cending
+the &#383;tairs to return, I heard a prodigious rapping on each
+&#383;ide, which alarmed me very much. I &#383;tood &#383;till &#383;ome
+time looking around with amazement, when I beheld &#383;ome
+lumber, which lay at the head of the &#383;tairs, &#383;hake
+con&#383;iderably. About eight or ten days<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> after, we vi&#383;ited
+the girl again&mdash;the knocking &#383;till continued, though much
+louder. Our curio&#383;ity induced us to pay the third vi&#383;it,
+when the phenomena were &#383;till more alarming. I then &#383;aw
+the chairs move; a large dining table was thrown again&#383;t
+me, and a &#383;mall &#383;tand on which &#383;tood a candle, was
+to&#383;&#383;ed up, and thrown in my wife's lap; after which we
+left the hou&#383;e, much &#383;urpri&#383;ed at what we had &#383;een."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Advertisements for runaway slaves are very numerous, as well as offers
+for the sale of single slaves. In some instances negro children are "to
+be given away." The following notices are taken from the "Boston
+Gazette" and the "Boston Post-Boy." The descriptions of dress, personal
+appearance, etc., are very curious.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Ran</span> away from <i>Thomas Poynton</i> of <i>Salem</i>, a Negro Fellow,
+about 25 Years of Age, a &#383;hort thick-&#383;et Fellow, not
+very black, &#383;omething pitted with the Small-Pox, &#383;peaks
+bad Engli&#383;h: Had on when he went away, a dark colour'd
+Cloth Coat, lined with red Shalloon, with Mettal Buttons, a
+blue Sailor's Jacket, and a flowered German Serge Jacket,
+black knit Breeches, a Pair grey Stockings newly stock'd, an
+old Beaver Hatt, and an old Drab Great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> Coat: Any Per&#383;on
+that &#383;hall take up &#383;aid Negro, and convey him to
+<i>Salem</i>, or &#383;ecure him in any Gaol &#383;hall be well
+rewarded, and all nece&#383;&#383;ary Charges paid.</p>
+
+<p>N.B. All Ma&#383;ters of Ve&#383;&#383;els and others are cautioned
+again&#383;t harbouring, concealing or carrying off the &#383;aid
+Negro, as they would avoid the Rigour of the Law.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>THOMAS POYNTON.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Gazette</i>, Feb. 4, 1766.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>To be given away,</p>
+
+<p>A Male Negro Child of a good Breed, and in good Health.
+Inquire of Green and Ru&#383;&#383;ell.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Post-Boy</i>, Feb. 28, 1763.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>TO BE SOLD.</p>
+
+<p>A young Negro Woman about 20 Years of Age, born in this
+Country, po&#383;&#383;e&#383;s'd of many good Qualifications, is a
+very good COOK, can handle her Needle well, and do every
+Kind of Bu&#383;ine&#383;s about Hou&#383;e, and &#383;old only for want
+of Employ. Enquire of Green &amp; Ru&#383;&#383;ell.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>&#9758; She will not be &#383;old out of this Town.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Post-Boy</i>, Feb. 28, 1763.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Ran</span> away from his Ma&#383;ter,
+<i>John Amiel</i> of <i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, la&#383;t Thur&#383;day Night, a Negro
+Fellow named <i>Peer</i>, he had on when he went away a cloth
+colour'd Coat, lin'd and trim'd with red, a black broad
+cloth Wai&#383;tcoat without &#383;leeves, a yellow pair of
+leather Breeches, a large pair of &#383;ilver Buckels, and a
+good Beaver Hat; he is a thick &#383;et Fellow, has very large
+Feet and Legs, and &#383;peaks good <i>French</i> and <i>Engli&#383;h</i>.
+Whoever will apprehend the &#383;aid Negro and bring him to his
+Ma&#383;ter in <i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, &#383;hall have TWO DOLLARS Reward, and
+all nece&#383;&#383;ary Charges paid by</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>John Amiel.</i></p>
+
+<p>All Ma&#383;ters of Ve&#383;&#383;els and others, are hereby forbid to
+harbour, conceal or carry off &#383;aid Negro Servant, as they
+would avoid the penalty of the Law.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Boston, May 2.</i></p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Post-Boy</i>, May 10, 1763.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>TO BE SOLD</p>
+
+<p>A Negro Woman, about Twenty Eight Years of Age; &#383;he is
+remarkably healthy, and &#383;trong, and &#383;everal other good
+Qualities; and is offer'd to Sale, for no other rea&#383;on,
+than her being of a furious Temper, and &#383;omewhat lazy;
+&#383;mart Di&#383;cipline, would make her a very good Servant.
+Any Per&#383;on minded to Purcha&#383;e, may be further inform'd
+by enquiring of the Printers.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Gazette</i>, May 12, 1760.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Newport, Rhode-I&#383;land, Augu&#383;t 28, 1767.</i></p>
+
+<p>Ran-away from <i>Benjamin Brenton</i>, a &#383;hort thick Negro Man
+named LONDON, has lo&#383;t his Toes off both Feet. Whoever
+brings &#383;aid Negro to his Ma&#383;ter, &#383;hall have EIGHT
+DOLLARS Reward, and all Charges paid.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Gazette.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Boston, for aught we know, did as much in the slave-trade as Newport;
+possibly more. The numerous advertisements of "Prime Men and Boys" and
+"Parcels of likely Negroes" which appear about this time in the Boston
+papers rather indicate a considerable trade in slaves.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>JUST IMPORTED AND TO BE SOLD BY<br />
+<big>John Rowe,</big><br />
+AT HIS STORE,</p>
+
+<p>A few likely Negro Boys, and two Negro Men between 20 and 30
+Years of Age. Al&#383;o, Newca&#383;tle Coals, Li&#383;bon and
+Salterduda Salt, A few Pipes of <span class="smcap">Madeira</span> WINES, al&#383;o Fyal
+Wines, Quart Bottles by the Groce&mdash;Hemp&mdash;Ru&#383;&#383;ia and Ravens
+Duck&mdash;Engli&#383;h Duck of all Numbers&mdash;Cordage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>
+Anchors&mdash;Oznabrigs&mdash;Ticklenburgs&mdash;Hooks and
+Lines&mdash;Newca&#383;tle Crown Gla&#383;s of all Sizes and in
+Sheets&mdash;ALSO, Bri&#383;tol Gla&#383;s of all Sizes&mdash;All Sorts of
+Nails&mdash;Scotch Snuff, and a variety of Engli&#383;h and Scots
+Manufactures.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Post-Boy</i>, Dec. 19, 1763.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>Ju&#383;t Imported from <i>Africa</i>,</big><br />
+And to be Sold cheap at No. 5 <i>Butler's</i> Row.</p>
+
+<p>A few prime Men and Boys Slaves from the Gold Coa&#383;t.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>TO BE SOLD,</p>
+
+<p>A Parcel of likely Negroes, imported from <i>Africa</i>, Cheap
+for Ca&#383;h or Credit with Intere&#383;t; enquire of <i>John
+Avery</i> at his Hou&#383;e, next Door to the white Hor&#383;e, or at
+a Store adjoining to &#383;aid <i>Avery's</i> Di&#383;till Hou&#383;e, at
+the South End, near the South Market:&mdash;Al&#383;o if any
+Per&#383;ons have any Negroe Men, &#383;trong and hearty, tho' not
+of the be&#383;t moral character, which are proper Subjects for
+Tran&#383;portation, may have an Exchange for &#383;mall Negroes.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Gazette</i>, 1763</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>JUST Imported,</big></p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>From <i>AFRICA</i>.</big></p>
+
+<p>A Number of prime young <i>SLAVES</i>, from the Windward Coa&#383;t,
+and to be Sold on board Capt. <i>Gwin</i> lying at New-Bo&#383;ton.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Gazette</i>, July 13, 1761.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>To be &#383;old, a parcel of likely hearty Negroes, both Male
+and Female from Ten Years of Age to Twenty, imported the
+la&#383;t Week from <i>AFRICA</i>. Enquire of Capt. <i>Wickham</i> on
+board the Sloop <i>Diamond</i>, now laying at the Wharff
+adjoining to <span class="smcap">John Avery's</span> Di&#383;till-Hou&#383;e near the South
+Market, or of &#383;aid <i>Avery</i> at his Hou&#383;e next the White
+Hor&#383;e.</p></div>
+
+<p>We have not been able to find that any of the inhabitants of Salem
+engaged in the slave-trade; but we notice that at a town-meeting held in
+the month of May, 1773, the following vote was passed: "That the
+Representatives of the Town be instructed to use their utmost Endeavours
+to prevent the future Importation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> of Negroes into this Province; their
+Slavery being repugnant to the natural Rights of Mankind and highly
+prejudicial to the Province." It is of course possible that some Salem
+people may have been interested in vessels hailing from other places and
+engaged in this nefarious traffic, as it is now considered.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Arrival of Irish servants at Boston in 1769.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Arrived from IRELAND,</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Ship King of Pru&#383;&#383;ia, <span class="smcap">Arthur Darley</span>, ma&#383;ter, has on
+board 30 Servants, &#383;ome Trade&#383;men, viz. Taylors,
+Shoe-makers, Smiths, Weavers, &amp;c. the remainder Country lads
+that under&#383;tand Farming bu&#383;ine&#383;s.&mdash;&mdash;His &#383;tay here
+will be &#383;hort, as he is bound to another Port.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Chronicle</i>, September 25.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The celebrated revival preacher Rev. George Whitefield was in Boston in
+1764. We take the following item from the "Boston Post-Boy" of February
+24:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>At a Meeting of the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of the
+Town of Bo&#383;ton on Friday la&#383;t, it was voted
+unanimou&#383;ly, That the Thanks of the Town be given the Rev.
+Mr. <span class="smcap">George Whitefield</span>, for his charitable Care and Pains in
+collecting a con&#383;iderable Sum of Money in Great-Britain,
+for the di&#383;tre&#383;&#383;ed Sufferers by the great Fire in
+Bo&#383;ton, 1760; and a re&#383;pectable Committee was appointed
+to wait on Mr. <span class="smcap">Whitefield</span> to inform him of the Vote, and
+pre&#383;ent him with a Copy thereof, which Committee waited
+upon him accordingly, and received the following An&#383;wer,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Gentlemen,</i></p>
+
+<p><i>This Vote of Thanks for &#383;o &#383;mall an In&#383;tance of my
+good-will to</i> Bo&#383;ton, <i>as it was entirely unexpected,
+quite &#383;urprizes me&mdash;&mdash;Often have I been much concerned
+that I could do no more upon &#383;uch a di&#383;tre&#383;&#383;ing
+Occa&#383;ion.&mdash;&mdash;That the Redeemer may ever pre&#383;erve the
+Town from &#383;uch like melancholy Events, and &#383;anctify
+their pre&#383;ent afflictive Circum&#383;tances to the
+&#383;piritual Welfare of all its Inhabitants, is the hearty
+Prayer of,</i></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">Gentlemen,</p>
+<p class='right'>Your ready Servant in our common LORD.<br />
+<i>GEORGE WHITEFIELD.</i></p>
+
+<p>The Rev. Mr. WHITEFIELD preached on Tue&#383;day and Saturday
+la&#383;t, at the Old South Meeting-Hou&#383;e, to large and
+crouded Auditories.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Marriage of Copley, the celebrated painter, from the "Chronicle," Nov.
+20, 1769.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>La&#383;t Thur&#383;day Mr. <i>John Singleton Copley</i> was married to
+Mi&#383;s <i>Sukey Clarke</i> Daughter of <i>Richard Clarke</i>, E&#383;q;
+and Mr. <i>Jo&#383;hua Hen&#383;haw</i>, jun. to Mi&#383;s <i>Katherine
+Hill</i>, Daughter of Col. <i>John Hill</i>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><big class='center'>Thomas Britt</big></p>
+
+<p>Would take a few young Ladies, <i>&amp;c.</i> to teach them Spelling,
+Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, at his School near the
+Cornfield. ALSO, French taught and tran&#383;lated by &#383;aid
+<i>Britt</i>.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Gazette</i>, April 27, 1767.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Where were or where was, as the case might be, the "Cornfields" or
+"Cornfield" of Boston in 1763? Martin Gay kept a store or lived near
+there, and in 1767 Master Britt kept a school for young ladies near the
+"Cornfield."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>Choice Engli&#383;h Peas</big></p>
+
+<p>at the North-Mills, TO BE SOLD, by the larger or &#383;maller
+Quantity, at a low Rate, Enquire of <i>William Paine</i> at
+&#383;aid Mills, or of <i>Martin Gay</i>, near the Cornfields,
+<i>Bo&#383;ton</i>.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>Dec. 12, 1763.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>When we remember the old pictures and portraits of stately ladies with
+high headdresses and gentlemen with wigs, the following advertisements
+are interesting:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>Jo&#383;hua Davis, <i>Peruke-Maker</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Hereby</span> informs his Cu&#383;tomers, and others, That he has
+Remov'd his Shop from the Head of the Long Wharf, next the
+Crown Coffee Hou&#383;e, to the fir&#383;t Shop in Mackrell Lane,
+next the Bunch of Grapes Tavern, where they may be &#383;erv'd
+with Fidelity and Di&#383;patch.</p>
+
+<p>&#9758; Said <i>Davis</i> makes the neate&#383;t and mo&#383;t
+fa&#383;hionable Wiggs, at a moderate Rate.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Gazette</i>, Feb. 18, 1761.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>A genteel Gold Watch, made by <i>Marmaduke Storr</i>, to be Sold,
+inquire of the Printers.</p> <p class='right'>Sept. 14, 1761.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>A few Genteel Grey and light Grey London-made WIGS, to be
+&#383;old by JOHN CROSBY, Periwig Maker near the Sign of the
+Lamb, al&#383;o Wig-makers Ribbons, Silk and Cauls, Bodyed
+Grizle, and Grizle Hairs for cut Wigs, Bleach'd, Tye and
+Brown Spencer Hairs, white Goat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> Hairs, white, black, and
+brown Hor&#383;e Hairs, Moy Crown Hairs, Cards and Bru&#383;hes,
+drawing Cards and Bru&#383;hes, be&#383;t Razors, purple Thread,
+Tupee Irons, &amp; Curling Tongs, Tupee Combs in Ca&#383;es, Wig
+Blocks, Silk Puffs, Hair, Powder, Shaving Boxes, &amp;
+Bru&#383;hes, wa&#383;h Ball Boxes, and wa&#383;h Balls, London black
+Balls with Printed directions, to u&#383;e them very Nice,
+black Sattin Baggs for the Hair, white, black, yellow; &amp;
+Bear Grees, Pomatum Excellent with their u&#383;e to make Hair
+of a good Colour, &amp; to grow thicker, Gold &amp; Silver Powders
+(&#383;o called) to clean Gold and Silver Lace &amp; Embroaderry.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Boston Post-Boy</i>, Dec. 12, 1763.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>At fires, leather buckets were used by the inhabitants, and were
+sometimes lost or misplaced, as appears from the following
+advertisements from the "Boston Gazette":&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Lost</span> at the late Fire on the 5th of November In&#383;t. a
+Leather Bucket, No. 2, mark'd <i>Wm. Hickling</i>: Whoever is
+taken up the &#383;ame, are de&#383;ir'd to return it to the
+Owner, or the Printers hereof.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>LOST at the Fire near Oliver's-Dock, on the 14th Day of
+November la&#383;t, a Pair of Leather Fire Buckets, mark'd</i>
+Benj<sup>a</sup>. Barnard, <i>and dated 1757.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> Whoever will give
+Information, or bring them to the Printers hereof, &#383;hall
+be hand&#383;omely Rewarded.</i></p>
+
+<p class='right'>Dec. 10, 1759.</p></div>
+
+<p>Within the writer's recollection, in nearly every house in Salem two or
+more fire-buckets, marked with the owner's name, were, when not in use,
+kept hanging in the front hall. At fires, lanes, as they were called, of
+men were formed, under the direction generally of the fire-wards, and
+water was passed from one to another and to the fire from some
+neighboring pump or cistern.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>We see notices like the following of insurance offices; but they were
+principally for marine risks, as not many fire risks were taken before
+the beginning of the present century.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big><i>Hurd's</i> In&#383;urance-Office,</big></p>
+
+<p class='center'>At the <span class="smcap">Bunch of Grapes, State-Street</span>,<br /> BOSTON,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Open</span> at all hours of bu&#383;ine&#383;s, where Policies of
+In&#383;urance are underwritten upon the mo&#383;t moderate
+premiums; and the Gentlemen forming this In&#383;urance
+Company, who&#383;e names are in&#383;erted in each Policy, having
+e&#383;tabli&#383;hed adequate Funds for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> the ready payment of
+&#383;uch lo&#383;&#383;es as may happen, hereby notify, that
+bu&#383;ine&#383;s will be done with all po&#383;&#383;ible attention,
+di&#383;patch and punctuality, by</p>
+
+<p class='right'>JOHN HURD,<br />
+(In&#383;urance Broker.)</p>
+
+<p>April 8, 1784.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>THIS is to inform all Gentlemen in Trade,<br />
+That</p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>THE INSURANCE OFFICE</big></p>
+
+<p>Lately kept in Ann-Street near the Town-Dock, by <span class="smcap">Samuel
+Phillips Savage</span>, is removed to the Hou&#383;e of the Honorable
+<span class="smcap">William Brattle</span>, E&#383;q; next Door to the Briti&#383;h
+Coffee-Hou&#383;e, King-Street: Where the Bu&#383;ine&#383;s of
+In&#383;urance is carried on as u&#383;ual.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bo&#383;ton, December 6, 1759.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>With regard to policies, the term "under-writer" came from an old
+custom. There were in old times no joint-stock companies for insurance,
+but policies were filled out and left at an office kept by some person
+for the purpose, where any responsible man could sign his name to a
+particular policy and affix such sum as he was willing to risk, and thus
+become one of the "underwriters." We<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> have seen, for instance, a policy
+for $20,000 with twelve or fifteen names of merchants, signed with
+various sums from $500 upwards.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>A quaint notice of the death of Obadiah Brown, of Providence, from the
+"Boston Post-Boy":&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>PROVIDENCE, June 21, 1762.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">On</span> Thur&#383;day la&#383;t died at his Seat in the Country, after
+two Days Illne&#383;s, <span class="smcap">Obadiah Brown</span>, E&#383;q; in the 50th Year
+of his Age. He was one of the mo&#383;t con&#383;iderable Men in
+this Town: In the various Branches of Bu&#383;ine&#383;s which he
+carried on, his Activity was unequalled, his Judgment and
+Prudence oftener admired than imitated, his Hone&#383;ty and
+Integrity fit to be drawn into Example.&mdash;As a Magi&#383;trate,
+he was judicious, grave, and re&#383;erved:&mdash;As a Friend,
+con&#383;tant, open, facetious, and cheerful:&mdash;In the Relations
+of a Hu&#383;band, Father, and Ma&#383;ter, the deep and real
+Sorrow of his Widow, the mournful Tears of his Children, and
+the unu&#383;ual Cries and Lamentations of his Servants, are
+invincible Proofs in his Favour. His Beneficence is
+witne&#383;&#383;ed by the Sighs of the Poor and Thanks of the
+Trade&#383;men: And his Death is univer&#383;ally lamented,
+becau&#383;e his Life was univer&#383;ally u&#383;eful.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Notice of Hon. Daniel Russell, from the "Boston Gazette":&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'><i>Charle&#383;town, December 10, 1763.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">On</span> Tue&#383;day la&#383;t departed this Life, after a &#383;hort
+Illne&#383;s, the Hon. <span class="smcap">Daniel Russell</span>, E&#383;q; who, for upwards
+of Twenty Years, was a Member of his Maje&#383;ty's Council for
+this Province: He al&#383;o &#383;erved the Province as
+Commi&#383;&#383;ioner of Impo&#383;t, and the County of Middle&#383;ex as
+Trea&#383;urer, for more than fifty Years; in the Di&#383;charge
+of all which Offices, &#383;uch was his con&#383;cientious
+Fidelity and un&#383;ullied Integrity, as procured him
+univer&#383;al Approbation and E&#383;teem.</p>
+
+<p>In public and private Life, his whole Conduct was &#383;uch as
+evidently &#383;howed his invariable de&#383;ire and endeavour to
+pre&#383;erve a Con&#383;cience void of Offence both towards God
+and Man; and by the Rectitude of his Behaviour, to adorn and
+recommend the holy Religion which he profe&#383;&#383;ed, and to
+approve him&#383;elf to the all-&#383;earching Eye of the Father
+of Spirits.</p>
+
+<p>His Memory is greatly honoured by all who were acquainted
+with him, in who&#383;e e&#383;teem he was truly that "noble&#383;t
+Work of God, <i>An hone&#383;t Man</i>."</p>
+
+<p>It is ob&#383;ervable that in the &#383;everal Offices which he
+&#383;u&#383;tained, he &#383;ucceeded his worthy Father and
+Grandfather; both of whom held and di&#383;charged the &#383;ame,
+for a great Number of Years, with un&#383;potted Reputation.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>His Remains, we hear, will be inter'd on Monday next, on
+which Day, had he lived, he would have entered the 79th Year
+of his Age.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"The &#383;weet Remembrance of the ju&#383;t<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Shall flouri&#383;h when he &#383;leeps in du&#383;t."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Account of the burial of Major-General Whitmore, from the "Boston
+Gazette":&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>BOSTON, December 21, 1761.</i></p>
+
+<p>Wedne&#383;day afternoon the Corps of Major General <span class="smcap">Whitmore</span>
+was interred in the King's Chapple with all the Honours that
+this Town could give. The Proce&#383;&#383;ion went from the
+Town-Hou&#383;e to the King's Chapple in the following Manner;
+A Party of the Troop of Hor&#383;e Guards, the Company of
+Cadets, the Officers of the Regiment of Militia, the
+officiating Mini&#383;ters, the Corps, the Pall &#383;upported by
+&#383;ix regular Officers, the chief Mourners, the Governor and
+Lieut. Governor, the Council, the Judges, Ju&#383;tices,
+Mini&#383;ters, and principal Gentlemen of the Town, a great
+Number of Coaches and Chariots following. During the whole
+Proce&#383;&#383;ion Minute-Guns were fired. The Corps was placed in
+the Middle of the King's Chapple whil&#383;t Part of the
+Funeral Service was performed, and was from thence carried
+into the Vaults below, and there interred. Whil&#383;t the
+la&#383;t Service was performing the Cadets fired three
+Vollies.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Notice of Hon. John Erving, from the "Massachusetts Gazette," Aug. 22,
+1786:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Died, la&#383;t Sunday morning, in the 94th year of his age,
+the Hon. <span class="smcap">John Erving</span>, E&#383;q. who, for twenty years, was a
+member of the Council under the old con&#383;titution, and one
+of the mo&#383;t eminent merchants in America.</p>
+
+<p>As a man of probity, and &#383;trict hone&#383;ty, he was
+univer&#383;ally e&#383;teemed. Tho&#383;e who were acquainted with
+his character mu&#383;t regret the lo&#383;s of &#383;o worthy a
+member of the community. In his dome&#383;tick life he was a
+tender parent and kind ma&#383;ter.&mdash;&mdash;His funeral will be this
+afternoon, preci&#383;ely at five o'clock, from his hou&#383;e in
+Tremont-&#383;treet, where his friends and acquaintance are
+de&#383;ired to attend.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Notice of the death of Mrs. Elizabeth Salisbury, from the "Massachusetts
+Centinel," March 28, 1789:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>La&#383;t Wedne&#383;day night departed this life, very
+&#383;uddenly, Mrs.</i> <span class="smcap">Elizabeth Salisbury</span>, <i>the amiable and
+virtuous Con&#383;ort of Mr. Samuel Sali&#383;bury of this town,
+merchant. Her funeral will be from his hou&#383;e in
+Marlborough-&#383;treet, this afternoon&mdash;which her friends are
+de&#383;ired to attend.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>From the "Boston Chronicle," March 8, 1770:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>BOSTON.</p>
+
+<p>For &#383;ome days bye-pa&#383;t, there have been &#383;everal
+affrays between the inhabitants and the &#383;oldiers quartered
+in this town.</p>
+
+<p>La&#383;t Monday about 9 o'clock at night a mo&#383;t unfortunate
+affair happened in King-&#383;treet: The centinel po&#383;ted at
+the Cu&#383;tom-hou&#383;e, being &#383;urrounded by a number of
+people, called to the main-guard, upon which Capt.
+Pre&#383;ton, who was Captain of the day, with a party, went to
+his a&#383;&#383;i&#383;tance: &#383;oon after which &#383;ome of the party
+fired, by which the following per&#383;ons were killed and
+wounded,</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Samuel Gray, ropemaker, killed.&mdash;A Mollatto man, named
+John&#383;on, killed.&mdash;Mr. James Caldwell, mate of Capt.
+Morton's ve&#383;&#383;el, killed.&mdash;Mr. Samuel Maverick, wounded,
+and &#383;ince dead.&mdash;A Lad named Chri&#383;topher Monk,
+wounded.&mdash;A lad named John Clark, wounded.&mdash;Mr. Edward
+Payne, Merchant, &#383;tanding at his entry-door, wounded in
+the arm.&mdash;Mr. John Greene, taylor, wounded.&mdash;Mr. Patrick
+Cole, wounded.&mdash;David Parker, wounded.</p>
+
+<p>Early next morning Captain Pre&#383;ton was committed to gaol,
+and &#383;ame day 8 &#383;oldiers.</p>
+
+<p>A meeting of the inhabitants was called at Fanueil-hall that
+forenoon: and the Lieutenant-Governor and Council met at the
+Council-chamber, where the Colonels Dalrymple and Carr were
+de&#383;ired to attend,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> when it was concluded upon, that both
+regiments &#383;hould go down to the barracks at
+Ca&#383;tle-William, as &#383;oon as they were ready to receive
+them.</p>
+
+<p><i>We decline at pre&#383;ent, giving a more particular account
+of this unhappy affair, as we hear the trial of the
+unfortunate pri&#383;oners is to come on next week.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>This is all the "Boston Chronicle" has to say about that great
+historical event of the fifth of March, an event which stirred the whole
+country and filled the minds of the Colonists with a perfect hatred of
+the British power in America,&mdash;"The Boston Massacre." The editor of the
+paper was probably a Tory.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The "Massachusetts Gazette," Feb. 3, 1774, says:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We hear that the Hon. JOHN HANCOCK, E&#383;q; is appointed to
+deliver the ORATION in Commemoration of the Bloody Tragedy
+on the 5th of March.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The "Salem Gazette" has this item, March 7, 1782:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>La&#383;t Tue&#383;day Mr. George R. Minot delivered an elegant
+and &#383;pirited Oration, at the old brick meeting-hou&#383;e, in
+commemoration of the horrid ma&#383;&#383;acre perpetrated on the
+5th of March, 1770, by a banditti of the Briti&#383;h tyrant's
+29th regiment.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>It may not be of any consequence to the public to know what kind of coat
+Jonathan Williams wore in 1767, but it may be a matter of curiosity to
+his descendants now living. We take the following advertisement from the
+"Boston Gazette," Dec. 28, 1767:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Whereas there has been taken out of the Hou&#383;e of <i>Jonathan
+Williams</i> in Cornhill, two Great Coats, on the 23d
+In&#383;tant, one of his own Wearing a cloth-coloured Drab; the
+other his Servants, a blue Cloth ditto. Whoever has taken
+them, and will return the former to &#383;aid <i>Williams</i>,
+&#383;hall have the latter <i>gratis</i>, and no Que&#383;tions
+a&#383;k'd.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>Notice.</big></p>
+
+<p>Frequent applications being made to the Town-Cryer, to
+proceed through the &#383;treets in &#383;earch of Children that
+have &#383;trayed from their home, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> practice often
+excites unnece&#383;&#383;ary alarm to the inhabitants.</p>
+
+<p>The public are re&#383;pectfully de&#383;ired, in ca&#383;e of any
+di&#383;covery of a child, or children &#383;o lo&#383;t or
+&#383;trayed, to bring them immediately to the &#383;ub&#383;criber
+at No. 71, Newbury &#383;treet.&mdash;By an attention to this
+regulation, Parents and friends may have their anxiety
+relieved by applying as above.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>SAMUEL ADAMS, <i>Town-Cryer</i>.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Constitutional Telegraph</i>, Aug. 8, 1800.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Masonic notice from Paul Revere and others, from the "Boston Post-Boy."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>NOTICE is hereby given to the Brethren of the Antient and
+Honorable Society of <span class="smcap">Free and Accepted</span> MASONS, That the
+Fea&#383;t of St. <span class="smcap">John</span> the <span class="smcap">Baptist</span> will be Celebrated by the
+Brethren of St. <span class="smcap">Andrew's</span> Lodge, (duly authoriz'd,
+con&#383;tituted and appointed to be held at <i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, by the
+Right Honorable, <span class="smcap">John Lord Aberdour</span>, Grand Ma&#383;ter of
+<i>Scotland</i>) on Thur&#383;day the 24th In&#383;tant, at the
+Royal-Exchange Tavern in King-Street, Tickets to be had of</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 12em'>
+<span class="smcap">Joseph Webb</span>, jun.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Phillip Lewis</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Paul Revere</span>.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Bo&#383;ton, June 14, 1762.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The house of Copley, the celebrated painter, is thus advertised:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>To be LET, and entered on immediately,</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">That</span> elegant, convenient, and mo&#383;t plea&#383;antly &#383;ituated
+DWELLING-HOUSE, with a large Garden, and other Land about
+it, (near his Excellency the Governour's) belonging to Mr.
+<span class="smcap">Copley</span>; well known to be completely accommodated for a
+genteel family. Inquire of CHARLES PELHAM, (at the late
+Dwelling-Hou&#383;e of Mrs. <span class="smcap">Pelham</span>, at New-Bo&#383;ton) he being
+impowered to let it.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>May 16, 1789.</i></p>
+<p class='right'><i>Massachusetts Centinel.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Antique luxuries.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Wanted</span>, the following, viz. Fifteen Pair of WOOD DUCKS, Four
+Pair of WILD GEESE, Three Pair of FLYING SQUIRRELS, Three
+Dozen of the &#383;malle&#383;t Size Terrapeins or fre&#383;h Water
+TURTLES, for which a good PRICE will be given, or for any
+Part of them.&mdash;&mdash;Enquire of the Printer.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Essex Gazette</i>, Feb. 21, 1771.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>We do not see much in the papers about spinning-wheels until after the
+War of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> Revolution; then there seemed to be what may be called a
+revival of domestic industry. In 1786 the ladies of Hartford, Conn.,
+formed an Economical Association. They say that they are "fully sensible
+that our calamities are in a great measure occasioned by the luxury and
+extravagance of individuals, and are of opinion that it is a duty they
+owe their country as well as their families to retrench as far as
+possible all unnecessary expenses." Their articles of agreement were
+signed, on the 6th of November, 1786, by more than a hundred ladies
+belonging to the first families in the city. By these articles they
+engage "not to purchase for next six months any Gauze, Ribbons, Lace,
+Feathers, Beaver-Hats, Silks, Muslins, and Chintzes, except only for
+weddings and mourning;" also to "dress their persons in the plainest
+manner and encourage industry, frugality, and neatness, giving all due
+preference to the manufactures of their own country." To this they add
+that "when they receive visits and make entertainments, it will be their
+study to avoid unnecessary expense, especially on foreign articles." On
+June 17 of that year the President of Harvard College addressed a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>
+letter to the "Massachusetts Gazette" which is interesting in this
+connection. This letter we copy to show how economy entered into
+everything, even a "liberal education." It will moreover be of interest
+because of the attempt made to regulate the students' dress.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'>
+<span class="smcap">University in Cambridge</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">June</span> 17, 1786.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>To the Publi&#383;her of the Ma&#383;&#383;achu&#383;etts</i> Gazette.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Every</span> proper attempt of the Governours of the Univer&#383;ity
+to le&#383;&#383;en the expen&#383;e of a liberal education mu&#383;t be
+grateful to the Publick, and meet with their hearty
+concurrence; the Members of the Community, therefore, in
+general, and the Parents and Guardians of the Students in
+particular, it is not doubted, will be well plea&#383;ed with
+&#383;ome late regulations, made by the Corporation and
+Over&#383;eers, to introduce economy in dre&#383;s, and will
+readily perform their part, in carrying them into effect.</p>
+
+<p>By ordering an uniform, the Governours of the Society have
+removed the temptation to that frequent change of apparel,
+which may have ari&#383;en from the liberty the Students have
+had, of chu&#383;ing different colours, from time to time: And
+by entirely prohibiting &#383;ilk (an unnece&#383;&#383;ary article in
+their clothing) a very con&#383;iderable expen&#383;e is
+prevented.</p>
+
+<p>That the dre&#383;s of the Students be neat and decent is
+highly proper; but that it &#383;hould be very ornamental<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> and
+expen&#383;ive is ever needle&#383;s, and oftentimes pernicious:
+Nor will any Student, who is &#383;olicitous to acquire
+knowledge, and &#383;incerely di&#383;po&#383;ed to improve his time
+to the be&#383;t advantage, in obtaining &#383;uch degrees of it,
+as may enable him to be exten&#383;ively u&#383;eful to the
+Community, feel a reluctance to economical in&#383;titutions
+re&#383;pecting dre&#383;s. He will not only e&#383;teem the
+ornaments of the mind of va&#383;tly higher importance than
+tho&#383;e of the body, but the general good will al&#383;o
+con&#383;tantly influence his conduct; and he will chearfully
+encourage every regulation, which tends to promote
+frugality.</p>
+
+<p>The regulations referred to, I now tran&#383;mit to you, which
+the Corporation and Over&#383;eers of the Univer&#383;ity
+reque&#383;t you to publi&#383;h, for the information of all
+concerned.</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>I am, Sir, your humble &#383;ervant,</p>
+
+<p class='right'>JOSEPH WILLARD.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>At a Meeting of the</i> <span class="smcap">Corporation</span>, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'><span class="smcap">June</span> 13, 1786.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span> the enjoining of an uniform colour, in the clothing
+of the Undergraduates, and prohibiting a certain &#383;pecies
+of materials, in their apparel, will have a great tendency
+to le&#383;&#383;en the expen&#383;e of dre&#383;s (which, at pre&#383;ent,
+con&#383;titutes too large a proportion of the Collegiate
+charges) while, at the &#383;ame time, the appearance will be
+more academical:</p>
+
+<p><i>Voted</i>, That it be recommended, that the Fre&#383;hmen, who
+&#383;hall be admitted into the Univer&#383;ity the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> pre&#383;ent
+year, before the end of the Summer Vacation, be provided
+with coats of blue-gray, being a mixture of deep blue and
+white wool, as nearly as may be, &#383;even eighths of the
+blue, and one eighth of the white, or, if that cannot
+conveniently be obtained, of a dark blue colour,&mdash;and with
+wai&#383;tcoats and breeches of the &#383;ame colour, or of a
+&#383;traw colour.</p>
+
+<p>That, when they &#383;hall procure clothes, afterwards, and
+while Undergraduates, their coats &#383;hall be of the colour
+fir&#383;t mentioned, and their wai&#383;tcoats and breeches of
+the &#383;ame colour, or of a &#383;traw colour.</p>
+
+<p>That the Fre&#383;hmen, who &#383;hall be admitted into the
+Univer&#383;ity in the year 1787, and afterwards, &#383;hall be
+provided with coats of the colour fir&#383;t mentioned, and
+with wai&#383;tcoats and breeches as la&#383;t mentioned, and
+&#383;hall continue provided with clothes of the&#383;e
+&#383;pecified colours while they remain Undergraduates.</p>
+
+<p>That all, who &#383;hall hereafter be admitted, when they
+commence Sophimores, &#383;hall have the addition of frogs to
+the button holes of their coats, the cuff of the &#383;leeve to
+be plain.</p>
+
+<p>That when they commence Junior Sophi&#383;ters, their coats
+&#383;hall have the further addition of frogs on the
+button-&#383;ide,&mdash;continuing the plain cuff; and they &#383;hall
+al&#383;o provide them&#383;elves with black gowns, having a
+clo&#383;e &#383;leeve and &#383;lit cuff, to be made according to
+the direction of the Corporation.</p>
+
+<p>That, when they commence Senior Sophi&#383;ters, they &#383;hall
+have the further addition of buttons and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> frogs to the cuff
+of their coat, and &#383;hall al&#383;o have black gowns, with a
+wide &#383;leeve,&mdash;the mode to be determined by the
+Corporation.</p>
+
+<p>That when they are admitted to the Bachelor's degree, they
+&#383;hall appear in like gowns and clothes as are pre&#383;cribed
+for the Senior Sophi&#383;ters.</p>
+
+<p>That the Seniors and Juniors &#383;hall wear their black gowns,
+on all publick occa&#383;ions, and whenever they &#383;hall
+publickly declaim in the Chapel.</p>
+
+<p>That no Undergraduate, to whom the&#383;e injunctions may
+extend, be permitted to appear within the limits of the
+College, or town of Cambridge, in any other dre&#383;s than is
+before de&#383;cribed, unle&#383;s he has on a night gown, or an
+out&#383;ide garment be nece&#383;&#383;ary over his coat.</p>
+
+<p>That no part of the dre&#383;s of the Undergraduates be made of
+&#383;ilk;&mdash;and that it be recommended to them, to clothe
+them&#383;elves in home manufactures, as far as may be.</p>
+
+<p>That the&#383;e regulations be extended to all who &#383;hall
+hereafter be admitted into the Univer&#383;ity;&mdash;and that it be
+recommended to &#383;uch as are already Members, to conform
+thereto, upon principles of economy, as far as may
+con&#383;i&#383;t with their pre&#383;ent &#383;upply of clothing.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'><span class="smcap">University</span> <i>in Cambridge, June 12, 1786</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Candidates</span> for their &#383;econd degree, at the next
+Commencement, are notified, that it is expected that they
+give their attendance at the Univer&#383;ity by the 12th day of
+July; and if any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> &#383;hould not attend by that time, they
+will not receive their degree this year, unle&#383;s they give
+&#383;ufficient rea&#383;ons for their ab&#383;ence.</p>
+
+<p>They who de&#383;ire admi&#383;&#383;ion into the Univer&#383;ity this
+year, are al&#383;o notified, that the Pre&#383;ident and Tutors
+will attend the bu&#383;ine&#383;s of examination on Friday and
+Saturday, the 21&#383;t and 22d of July.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>JOSEPH WILLARD, Pre&#383;ident.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In 1788 the industry of the people of Providence, R.I., is set forth in
+the following notice, from the "Salem Mercury" of November 25:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><span class="smcap">American Manufactures</span>.</p>
+
+<p>A Providence paper informs, that the Carding and Spinning
+Machines u&#383;ed in England in manufacturing cotton &#383;tuffs,
+are introducing into that town by &#383;ome publick &#383;pirited
+gentlemen&mdash;and that there are few families in that town
+which are not manufacturing &#383;ome kind of cloth.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>It appears from the "Columbian Centinel," July 14, 1790, that the
+wealthy of that day had a fondness for foreign articles.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Complaint is very prolifick in all countries. In the United States we
+complain, that,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>Tho' rich at home, to foreign lands we &#383;tray,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>And trade for trinkets our be&#383;t wealth away.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The following advertisement from the "Massachusetts Centinel" recalls
+the time when cows were pastured on Boston Common.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Strayed</span>, on Saturday la&#383;t, from Bo&#383;ton Common, and
+belonging to JONATHAN AMORY, a young red COW, with &#383;ome
+white on the back and belly, forehead white, &#383;mall horns,
+with the tips off. Whoever will bring her to the owner will
+be rewarded.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bo&#383;ton, May 24, 1788.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>People were expected to have long memories in old times, judging from
+the following notification in the "Boston Gazette" of 1760:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span> on the 17th of January 1740-1, twenty-&#383;even yards
+and an half of yard-wide &#383;heeting linnen, and &#383;ome
+&#383;maller articles, was &#383;old at Mr. <i>James Gordon's</i>
+&#383;hop in <i>Bo&#383;ton</i>, and deliver'd to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> one capt. <i>Stevens</i>,
+as appears by &#383;aid <i>Gordon's</i> book; and thro' &#383;ome
+mi&#383;take in keeping his books, &#383;aid articles are charg'd
+to another of the &#383;ame name. If therefore the &#383;aid capt.
+<i>Stevens</i>, that really had &#383;aid goods, or any of his
+family, or others, can give any light into the matter, it is
+de&#383;ired they would acquaint the printers hereof, and they
+&#383;hall be generou&#383;ly recompenced for their trouble.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The "small pox" was very troublesome in Colonial times, as this
+announcement from the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 2, 1761, shows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Samuel Parkman hereby informs his Cu&#383;tomers and others,
+That immediately on the breaking out of the Small-Pox in the
+back Part of his Hou&#383;e in Union Street, he removed his
+Shop Goods to a Store on a Wharf that they may be &#383;afe
+from any Infection, and him&#383;elf to the Hou&#383;e of Mr.
+Jo&#383;hua Winter Stationer&mdash;The Per&#383;on who had the
+Di&#383;temper is perfectly recovered, and departed the Hou&#383;e
+&#383;ome Days ago, and the Hou&#383;e thoroughly clean&#383;ed.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The following notice from the "Massachusetts Gazette" reminds us of the
+time of open fire-places and blazing, cheerful wood-fires:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">The Selectmen</span> would inform the Town, that they have
+<i>approbated</i> a number of <i>Chimney-Sweepers</i>, who are
+furni&#383;hed with badges agreeable to the By-Laws, and have
+&#383;tipulated to execute their bu&#383;ine&#383;s <i>faithfully</i>, at
+the following rates, viz.&mdash;For lower-room chimnies,
+<i>fourteen pence two fifths</i>, or <i>one pi&#383;tareen</i>; and for
+<i>all</i> chamber chimnies, <i>one &#383;hilling</i> each&mdash;that all
+concerned may govern them&#383;elves accordingly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bo&#383;ton, Sept. 21, 1786.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The spinning-wheel at Ipswich. From the "Columbian Centinel," June 7,
+1791.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>For the</i> CENTINEL.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Printer</span> is reque&#383;ted to record it among the numerous
+in&#383;tances of female benevolence and harmony, which have
+been exhibited in the&#383;e times, and &#383;o well reprove the
+jarring di&#383;&#383;en&#383;ions of the <i>men</i>&mdash;that at Ip&#383;wich,
+lately, at the hou&#383;e of the Rev. Mr. <span class="smcap">Dana</span>, a numerous band
+of ladies, in harmonious concert, have again "laid their
+hands to the &#383;pindle, and held the di&#383;taff," and
+pre&#383;ented the fruit of their generous toil, 118 run of
+good yarn; viz. 88 linen, 30 cotton; the materials,
+provi&#383;ions, and hand&#383;ome attendance, all furni&#383;hed by
+them&#383;elves and tho&#383;e who joined with them.&mdash;"<i>Give her
+of the fruit of her own hands, and let her own works
+prai&#383;e her in the gates.</i>"</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>From the "Salem Mercury," April 28, 1787.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Not long ago a number of ladies belonging to the
+Pre&#383;byterian &#383;ociety in Newbury-Port, a&#383;&#383;embled at the
+Par&#383;onage-hou&#383;e, with their &#383;pinning-wheels and other
+uten&#383;ils of indu&#383;try, for the day, to the benefit of
+their mini&#383;ter's family. The a&#383;&#383;embly having fir&#383;t
+united in the &#383;olemn exerci&#383;es of &#383;ocial wor&#383;hip,
+the bu&#383;ine&#383;s of the day was opened. Every apartment in
+the hou&#383;e was full. The mu&#383;ick of the &#383;pinning-wheel
+re&#383;ounded from every room. Benevolence was &#383;een
+&#383;miling in every countenance, and the harmony of hearts
+&#383;urpa&#383;&#383;ed even the harmony of wheels. The labours of the
+day were concluded about 5 o'clock; when the fair labourers
+pre&#383;ented Mrs. <span class="smcap">Murray</span> with cotton and linen yarn, of the
+be&#383;t quality, amounting to 236 &#383;keins. Nece&#383;&#383;ary
+refre&#383;hment being pa&#383;t, publick wor&#383;hip was attended;
+and a di&#383;cour&#383;e delivered, by the Rev. Mr. <span class="smcap">Murray</span>, to a
+large a&#383;&#383;embly, from Exodus 35, 25, <i>And all the women
+that were wi&#383;e-hearted did &#383;pin with their hands.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>From the "Salem Mercury," Feb. 6, 1787.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>There is a young Mi&#383;s in New-Haven, who will &#383;oon wear a
+&#383;ilk gown <i>of her own make</i>. Such noble indu&#383;try ought
+to be written in letters of gold. May the ladies profit by
+the example&mdash;and may it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> &#383;oon be e&#383;teemed
+di&#383;reputable, by both ladies and gentlemen, to wear any
+thick &#383;ilk but of our own manufacture.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>An advertisement in the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 19, 1760, rather
+indicates that "searchers" sometimes exceeded their powers.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">All</span> Per&#383;ons who within five Years pa&#383;t, have had any
+Shoes or Boots, &#383;eiz'd and taken from them, in the Town of
+Bo&#383;ton, by any of the Searches and Sealers of Leather
+there, for being made of Leather unduly tann'd or curried,
+or on Pretence thereof; are hereby notified to give or
+&#383;end in to the Printers hereof, an Account in Writing, of
+the Number of Shoes, &amp;c. &#383;o taken from them, the Time when
+(as near as they can) with the Name of the Per&#383;on that
+&#383;eiz'd and took them, and the Name of the Ju&#383;tice of
+Peace to whom Complaint or Information was made concerning
+&#383;uch Shoes, &amp;c. by the eighth Day of <i>March</i> next, if they
+de&#383;ire any Recompence for the Injuries they have
+&#383;uffer'd by &#383;uch Seizures.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In 1767 snuff was apparently of more importance, as merchandise, to say
+the least, than were Bibles and Testaments. In an advertisement it was
+printed in capitals, while the latter were in smaller type.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>Caleb Blanchard,</big></p>
+
+<p class='center'>In Union-Street, <i>BOSTON.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>HAS ju&#383;t Imported by Captain</i> Rhodes <i>from</i> London, <i>and
+Captain</i> Bain <i>from</i> Gla&#383;gow.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Great Variety of Engli&#383;h, India, and Scotch GOODS,
+&#383;uitable for all Sea&#383;ons of the Year, which He &#383;ells
+at the lowe&#383;t Rates, by Wholesale or Retail, for Ca&#383;h or
+Trea&#383;urer's Notes.</i></p>
+
+<p>N.B. <i>Kippen's and Tillich's SNUFF, Bibles and Te&#383;taments,
+all Sorts of Stationary, &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'><i>Bo&#383;ton, April 19th, 1788.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span> &#383;ome per&#383;on or per&#383;ons have acted &#383;o
+villainous a part, as to make u&#383;e of my name in vending
+and &#383;elling Snuff of a very bad quality; not only injuring
+me in my credit, but cheating the purcha&#383;er, as the Snuff
+manufactured by me is of the be&#383;t kind, and which I always
+warrant to be &#383;uch.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the purcha&#383;ers of &#383;aid bad Snuff have brought
+the &#383;ame to me, &#383;uppo&#383;ing it to be really of my
+manufacture; but upon examination, found it to be of a
+loo&#383;e and dry kind, and may be ea&#383;ily di&#383;covered.</p>
+
+<p>Whoever will give information of the per&#383;on or per&#383;ons,
+who thus impo&#383;e on the publick, by making<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> u&#383;e of my
+name to vend and &#383;ell &#383;uch ba&#383;e Snuff, &#383;hall be
+hand&#383;omely rewarded, by their humble &#383;ervant,</p>
+
+<p class='right'>SIMON ELLIOT.</p>
+
+<p>N.B. The publick are informed, that to prevent the above
+deception, the adverti&#383;ements on bladders of Snuff, in
+future, will be altered from letter-pre&#383;s, to a
+copperplate impre&#383;&#383;ion. (2m)</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Massachusetts Centinel.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>The habit of Snuff-taking was formerly very prevalent in New England, as
+well as elsewhere. Within the writer's recollection it was a very common
+thing to see the snuff-box passed round for friends to take a pinch.
+Very few now a days indulge in this uncleanly habit; but a recent
+traveller relates that on visiting St. Peter's in Rome, the first thing
+upon entering the church which attracted his attention was seeing the
+Pope take a pinch of snuff and then shake from his pocket a large
+old-fashioned bandanna handkerchief, which he applied to his nose. Many
+years ago a gentleman of Salem was questioned by a stranger about a
+certain man who happened to be an inveterate snuff-taker and who was at
+the same time greatly interested in free-masonry. "Yes," said the
+gentleman, "I know<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> him."&mdash;"He's about one third masonry and two thirds
+snuff." Mr. Francis H. Lee, of Salem, has a curious collection of a
+hundred or more snuff-boxes of former generations. They are of various
+patterns; some are made of shell and tipped with silver, and look quite
+ancient. Simon Elliot, of Boston, and later Wm. Micklefield, of Salem,
+were famous snuff manufacturers.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>A curious snuff-box, advertised in the "Columbian Centinel," 1819.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><big>A CURIOSITY.</big></p>
+
+<p>E. COPELAND, Jr., has for sale a most elegant Gold SNUFF BOX
+set with Pearls, &amp;c. It is about 2&frac12; inches long and from the
+top a beautiful <i>little Bird</i> rises at command and sings a
+tune. The movements of the wings, beak, eyes, &amp;c. are
+perfectly natural, and all its motions while singing are in
+complete unison with its notes. This is probably as
+ingenious a piece of mechanism as was ever seen in this
+town. It will be sold a great bargain.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>august 21</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In this connection we notice "Micklefield's Indian," as it was called, a
+well-known landmark<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> in Salem half a century ago. Mr. Micklefield was
+much respected, and noted for his liberality and public spirit.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 334px;">
+<a href="images/img096.png"><img src="images/img096_th.png" width="334" height="400" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the
+public, that owing to the fall in prices of different Scents
+and Stock in general, that compose the article of Snuff, he
+is thereby enabled to sell his different kinds,
+viz.&mdash;Maccoboy, Scented and Plain Rappee and Scotch</p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>SNUFFS,</big></p>
+
+<p>at a much lower price than heretofore.&mdash;Traders in the
+neighboring towns that deal in those articles are
+particularly solicited to call at his Store, sign of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>
+<i>Indian Chief</i>, corner of Central and Front streets, where
+they can purchase at very low prices, and warranted of the
+first quality.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><small>ALSO</small>,</p>
+
+<p>Spanish, half Spanish and common</p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>CIGARS,</big></p>
+
+<p>Cavendish, Ladies' Twist, Pigtail, and all kinds of
+Manufactured</p>
+
+<p class='center'><big>TOBACCO,</big></p>
+
+<p>wholesale and retail.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>WM. MICKLEFIELD.</p>
+
+<p>Salem, Jan. 18, 1827.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>tf</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>From the "Salem Mercury," Nov. 25, 1788.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>S. Breck, E&#383;q. member of the Hou&#383;e of Repre&#383;entatives
+for Bo&#383;ton, appears in his &#383;eat with a complete &#383;uit
+of American manufactured broadcloth, of an elegant colour.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>About 1787 and 1788, spinning-wheel meetings seem to have been very
+popular. We copy notices of meetings of young ladies in Attleboro',
+Dighton, Gloucester, Rehoboth, Mass., and Providence and Johnston, R.I.,
+all from the "Salem Mercury."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Attleboro</span>', <i>June 20</i>. Ye&#383;terday, 63 re&#383;pectable young
+ladies, belonging to this town, a&#383;&#383;lembled, at 2 o'clock,
+P.M. at the hou&#383;e of Mr. Daniel Balkum, and, to the
+&#383;urpri&#383;e and great &#383;atisfaction of all the friends to
+indu&#383;try, &#383;pun, before &#383;un&#383;et, 199 &#383;keins of
+excellent linen yarn. Indu&#383;try is the genuine &#383;ource of
+all laudable plea&#383;ure. On it depend all the conveniences
+of life. Health, the greate&#383;t of ble&#383;&#383;ings, depends on
+indu&#383;try&mdash;beauty, on health. If ladies, then, wi&#383;h to be
+beautiful, they mu&#383;t be indu&#383;trious; they mu&#383;t animate
+their countenances with that blooming health which comes
+from the <span class="smcap">Spinning-wheel</span>. The fair &#383;ex, when rightly and
+indu&#383;triou&#383;ly employed, are ju&#383;tly termed the beauty
+of this lower creation. Beauty without virtue is
+contemptible. Merit only gains the heart. Idlene&#383;s is
+di&#383;graceful. Indu&#383;try is the ornament of wealth, the
+&#383;upport and con&#383;olation of poverty. We hope &#383;oon to
+&#383;ee the time, when the fair daughters of America will be
+clothed in the manufactures of their own hands. Happy are
+we, that &#383;ome have already &#383;et the example. May it never
+be &#383;aid, that American ladies ri&#383;e 15 minutes later than
+the &#383;un. May they ever have thread enough in their hands
+to make a halter for a Shays.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>On Tue&#383;day la&#383;t, thirteen young ladies a&#383;&#383;embled, with
+their &#383;pinning-wheels, at the hou&#383;e of Mr. Jo&#383;eph
+Whipple, in North-Providence, and, between the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> hours of
+eight in the morning and &#383;ix in the afternoon, completed
+fifty &#383;keins of excellent linen yarn.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>July 1, 1788.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The &#383;pinning-wheel, a few years ago imprudently neglected,
+begins to be held in general reputation by the Fair; and the
+exploits of &#383;ome on that u&#383;eful machine, are
+de&#383;ervedly celebrated, as worthy of imitation. To tho&#383;e
+good works of female indu&#383;try may be added the &#383;ingular
+attachment of two young ladies in Dighton, who &#383;pun, the
+11th in&#383;tant, between the ri&#383;ing and &#383;etting of the
+&#383;un, thirteen &#383;keins and eleven lees of good linen yarn;
+one &#383;ix &#383;keins and &#383;even, and the other &#383;even
+&#383;keins and four lees. The &#383;pirit of indu&#383;try is
+becoming more prevalent, e&#383;pecially among the fair &#383;ex.
+They begin to lay a&#383;ide their u&#383;ele&#383;s and idle
+vi&#383;its, or, at lea&#383;t, make them le&#383;s frequent. When
+per&#383;ons become more indu&#383;trious and mind their own
+bu&#383;ine&#383;s, they talk le&#383;s, and to better purpo&#383;e;
+they become more contented, and the world around them is
+more peaceable and happy.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Providence Gazette</i>, July 1, 1788.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Providence</span>, <i>May 24</i>. On the 7th in&#383;t. 71 ladies met at
+the hou&#383;e of the Rev. Mr. Ellis, in Rehoboth,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> and lodged
+187 &#383;keins of good linen yarn, which they had &#383;pun for
+Mrs. Ellis; and others have &#383;ince added 31. Solomon, in
+de&#383;cribing a virtuous woman, &#383;ays, "She &#383;eeketh wool
+and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands.&mdash;She layeth
+her hands to the &#383;pindle, and her hands hold the
+di&#383;taff." Indu&#383;try is certainly a virtue, which, while
+it adorns, enriches, &#383;ociety; it bani&#383;hes the languid
+hue from the countenances of the fair, and adds vigour and
+vivacity to the mind.&mdash;The &#383;pirited exertions that the
+daughters of Columbia are making, to manufacture our wool
+and flax, which are nece&#383;&#383;ary for our con&#383;umption, are
+prai&#383;e-worthy, and demand the approbation and
+a&#383;&#383;i&#383;tance of every true patriot. We flatter our&#383;elves
+with the plea&#383;ing expectation of &#383;eeing the virtuous
+fair clothed and ornamented in the genuine productions of
+their own labour.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We hear from Glouce&#383;ter, that on Thur&#383;day la&#383;t nearly
+thirty young ladies, in&#383;pired with the love of indu&#383;try,
+a&#383;&#383;lembled at the hou&#383;e of Capt. Philemon Ha&#383;kell, for
+the prai&#383;e-worthy purpo&#383;e of a Federal Spinning Match,
+when, to their honour, their &#383;pirited exertion produced 99
+&#383;keins of excellent yarn&mdash;practically declaring, that they
+neither laboured in vain or &#383;pent their &#383;trength for
+nought. The day thus indu&#383;triou&#383;ly concluded, fini&#383;hed
+not the harmony of their federali&#383;m; in the evening, to
+crown the plea&#383;ure of the day, with additional company,
+they regaled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> with an agreeable dance, and, at a mode&#383;t
+hour, parted in love and friend&#383;hip, with hearts convivial
+as they met, leaving others to admire their female
+patrioti&#383;m, and to go and do likewi&#383;e.</p>
+
+<p>In Scotland, the farmers knit as well as the women of their
+families; but they do this while they are watching their
+&#383;heep or cattle, or while they are &#383;itting by their
+evening fire in winter. Why cannot our American farmers and
+their &#383;ons adopt this frugal practice? Time is the mo&#383;t
+precious thing in the world. Its very fragments &#383;hould be
+&#383;aved.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Providence, May</span> 17. Monday la&#383;t, eighteen young ladies
+a&#383;&#383;embled, with their &#383;pinning-wheels, at the hou&#383;e of
+Captain Jonathan Treadwell, and &#383;pun 40 &#383;keins of good
+linen yarn.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">May</span> 22. A corre&#383;pondent de&#383;ires us to mention, that at
+John&#383;ton, a few days &#383;ince, four indu&#383;trious young
+ladies, by "laying their fingers to the &#383;pindle, and their
+hands to the di&#383;taff," completed, in one day, the
+&#383;pinning and reeling of 21 fifteen-knotted &#383;keins of
+good linen yarn. Would to God, that the Gentlemen at the
+head of our political affairs in this State, were half &#383;o
+zealous in encouraging our own manufactures, as the fair
+&#383;ex are; who, at pre&#383;ent, de&#383;ervedly bear the palm, as
+friends to their country.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Spinning Bee</span>. On the 1st in&#383;t. a&#383;&#383;embled at the hou&#383;e
+of the Rev. Samuel Deane of this town, more than one hundred
+of the fair &#383;ex, married and &#383;ingle ladies, mo&#383;t of
+whom, were &#383;killed in the important art of &#383;pinning. An
+emulous indu&#383;try was never more apparent than in this
+beautiful a&#383;&#383;embly. The majority of fair hands gave motion
+to not le&#383;s than &#383;ixty wheels. Many were occupied in
+preparing the materials, be&#383;ides tho&#383;e who attended to
+the entertainment of the re&#383;t,&mdash;provi&#383;ion for which was
+mo&#383;tly pre&#383;ented by the gue&#383;ts them&#383;elves, or &#383;ent
+in by other generous promoters of the exhibition, as were
+al&#383;o the materials for the work. Near the clo&#383;e of the
+day Mrs. Deane was pre&#383;ented by the company, with two
+hundred and thirty-&#383;ix, &#383;even-knotted &#383;keins of
+excellent cotton and linen yarn, the work of the day,
+excepting about a dozen &#383;keins, which &#383;ome of the
+company brought in ready &#383;pun. Some had &#383;pun &#383;ix and
+many not le&#383;s than five &#383;keins apiece. She takes this
+opportunity of returning thanks to each, which the hurry of
+the day rendered impracticable at the time. To conclude and
+crown the day, a numerous band of the be&#383;t &#383;ingers
+attended in the evening and performed an agreeable variety
+of excellent pieces in psalmody. "The price of a virtuous
+woman is far above rubies, * * * She layeth her hands to the
+&#383;pindle and her hands hold the di&#383;taff."</p>
+
+<p><i>Cumberland</i> (Portland, Me.) <i>Gazette</i>, May 8, 1788, copied
+by <span class="smcap">Edw. H. Elwell</span>, Esq., editor of the <i>Transcript</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>When spinning-wheels ceased to be used altogether, we are not able to
+say. Probably they were not in use for any great length of time after
+the opening of the present century; but possibly in some country places
+they were used down to the time of the War of 1812, and even later. We
+are informed that in some remote places in Rhode Island and in Maine
+spinning-wheels are in use to this day; but these are exceptional cases.</p>
+
+<p>The "Massachusetts Centinel," April 30, 1788, has this advertisement:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 141px;">
+<a href="images/img103.png"><img src="images/img103_th.png" width="141" height="200" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<big>WILLIAM SCOTT,</big><br />
+At the Sign of the SPINNING<br />
+WHEEL,<br />
+In MARLBOROUGH&middot;STREET,<br />
+(<i>Re&#383;olving to quit Trade in the<br />
+Fall</i>)</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Will</span> &#383;ell all his
+GOODS on hand at
+the STERLING COST and
+CHARGES. Among which
+are,</p>
+<p>Some elegant <i>Mer&#383;ailles</i> Bed-Quilts, <i>Mer&#383;ailles</i>
+Quilting in pieces, Iri&#383;h Linens, Gauzes,
+Shawls and Lu&#383;trings of a &#383;uperiour quality, &amp;c., &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>A large quantity of &#383;ilk Gloves, Mitts
+and Fans</p>
+<p class='right'>&#9758; <i>CASH for POT-ASHES.</i></p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p><hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>THE following very curious notice in the "Massachusetts Centinel" in
+reference to funerals shows what had been customary upon such occasions;
+the object of these "wholesome regulations" seemed to be to induce
+economy. Gloves and rings were given to mourners in Salem to within the
+last fifty or sixty years, and wines or liquors were also furnished.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>TAKE NOTICE.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">An</span> economical plan of mourning was adopted, before the
+Revolution, and its &#383;alutary effects have been experienced
+by almo&#383;t every family in this town; &#383;ince which tho&#383;e
+whole&#383;ome regulations have been pa&#383;&#383;ed into a law:
+Notwith&#383;tanding which, it has lately been broken in upon
+in &#383;everal in&#383;tances.&mdash;The <i>In&#383;pectors of the
+Police</i>&mdash;that no one may hereafter plead ignorance, have
+cau&#383;ed the law re&#383;pecting the &#383;ame to be publi&#383;hed,
+and give notice, that any future breach of it, will be
+pro&#383;ecuted without any favour or affection.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Bo&#383;ton, April 30, 1788.</i></p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>To prevent exce&#383;s and vain expen&#383;e, in Mourning, &amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, That in future no scarfs, gloves or
+rings shall be given at any funeral in this town, nor shall
+any wine, rum, or other spirituous liquor, be allowed or
+given at, or immediately before or after, any funeral in
+this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> town, under pain that the person or persons giving,
+allowing or ordering the same shall respectively forfeit and
+pay the sum of <i>twenty shillings</i> for each offence.</p>
+
+<p><i>And it is further ordered</i>, That whatever male person shall
+appear or walk in the procession of any funeral in this town
+with any new mourning or new black or other new mourning
+coat or waistcoat, or with any other new black apparel, save
+and except a black crape around one arm, or shall afterwards
+on account of the decease of any relation, or other person
+or persons, put on and wear any other mourning than such
+piece of black crape around one arm, shall forfeit and pay
+the sum of <i>twenty shillings</i> for every day he shall put on
+and wear or appear in the same.</p>
+
+<p>AND no female, of whatsoever degree, shall put on, wear or
+appear at any funeral in this town, in any other mourning or
+new black clothes whatever, other than a black hat or
+bonnet, black gloves, black ribbons and a black fan, on pain
+to forfeit and pay the sum of <i>twenty shillings</i>; and also
+forfeit and pay a like sum of <i>twenty shillings</i> for every
+day she shall at any time at, or after such funeral, put on
+wear or appear in such new black clothes, as or for
+mourning, other than black hat, bonnet, black gloves, black
+ribbons, and a black fan as aforesaid.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In 1790 the town of Salem published in the papers some regulations about
+funerals; among the fees fixed were these:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"For each Tolling of the Bell 8d."</p>
+
+<p>"The &#383;extons are de&#383;ired to toll the Bells only four
+&#383;trokes in a minute."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"The undertakers service in borrowing chairs, waiting upon
+the Pall-holders and warning the Relations &amp;c. to attend
+8/."</p>
+
+<p>"B. Daland and B. Brown are appointed by the Selectmen to
+&#383;ee that Free Pa&#383;&#383;ages in the &#383;treets are kept open."
+(This was before carriages were used at funerals.)</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><small>Extracts from Mr. Colman's Agricultural Address</small>.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>MANUFACTORIES AND THE SPINNING WHEEL.</p>
+
+<p>"The establishment of extensive manufactories, and the
+introduction of power-looms and spinning-jennies, has nearly
+destroyed the usual household manufactures, and put our
+other Jennies out of employment. Our ears are seldom greeted
+now a days in the farmer's cottage with the flying of the
+shuttle, or the deep base of the spinning wheel. We confess
+that we have looked upon their departure with a strong
+feeling of regret; and deem it no small abatement of the
+advantages, which the establishment of extensive
+manufactures has obviously yielded to the country, that it
+removes the daughter from the shelter and security of the
+paternal roof, and places her in a situation, which
+certainly furnishes no means of qualifying her for the
+proper department of woman; to preside over our domestic
+establishments; to perform her part in the joint labors of
+the household; and to know how and when and where to use,
+prepare, and to apply to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> the best advantage within doors,
+the products of man's labor without doors. Many occupations
+of female industry, strictly domestic however, of a healthy
+and agreeable nature, are constantly presenting themselves,
+so that there is little danger that the race of industrious
+women, and accomplished wives, at least among the country
+girls, will soon be extinct; and the silk culture, fast
+gaining ground among us, promises to furnish an unexhausted
+resource and a profitable employment of female labor."</p>
+
+<p class='right'><i>Salem Observer</i>, 1834.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In one of the numbers of the London "Spectator" for 1884 is an
+interesting account of an attempt to revive the spinning-wheel industry
+in England, through the kind offices of Mr. Albert Flemming, for the
+purpose of helping poor women too old or blind to leave their homes for
+other work. After considerable difficulty, a wheel was discovered among
+a store of ancient articles; but no one at first knew how to use it.
+Spinning was one of the lost arts, apparently. At length, however, an
+old woman of eighty-four was found who understood the use of the wheel.
+She taught Mr. Flemming how to spin. A few more old<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span> wheels were found,
+and some new ones constructed. Then it was some time before a loom could
+be discovered. Eventually this was accomplished, and the art of weaving
+taught. The account says that twenty women who were unable otherwise to
+obtain a living, are now busily at work, happy in being able to provide
+for their families. They make, it may be added, a good strong, honest
+linen, specimens of which have been presented to Mr. Ruskin. This
+account is substantially from the "Living Age," Nov. 1, 1884.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<a href="images/img108.png"><img src="images/img108_th.png" width="200" height="152" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p class='center'>University Press: John Wilson &amp; Son, Cambridge.</p>
+
+<div class='trnote'>
+<p>Transcriber's note:</p>
+<p>These are mainly excerpts from Newspapers. Original spelling was not corrected.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The
+Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England, by Henry M. Brooks
+
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,3452 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The Days of
+the Spinning-Wheel in New England, by Henry M. Brooks
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England
+       Gleanings Chiefly from old Newspapers of Boston and Salem, Massachusetts
+
+Editor: Henry M. Brooks
+
+Release Date: August 26, 2007 [EBook #22405]
+[Last updated: May 6, 2012]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLDEN TIME SERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Christine D. and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_THE OLDEN-TIME SERIES._
+
+16mo. Per vol., 50 cents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There appears to be, from year to year, a growing popular taste for
+quaint and curious reminiscences of "Ye Olden Time," and to meet this,
+Mr. Henry M. Brooks has prepared a series of interesting handbooks. The
+materials have been gleaned chiefly from old newspapers of Boston and
+Salem, sources not easily accessible, and while not professing to be
+history, the volumes contain much material for history, so combined and
+presented as to be both amusing and instructive. The titles of some of
+the volumes indicate their scope and their promise of entertainment:--
+
+  CURIOSITIES OF THE OLD LOTTERY.
+  DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL.
+  SOME STRANGE AND CURIOUS PUNISHMENTS.
+  QUAINT AND CURIOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
+  LITERARY CURIOSITIES.
+  NEW-ENGLAND SUNDAY, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"It has been the good fortune of the writer to be allowed a peep at the
+manuscript for this series, and he can assure the lovers of the
+historical and the quaint in literature that something both valuable and
+pleasant is in store for them. In the specialties treated of in these
+books Mr. Brooks has been for many years a careful collector and
+student, and it is gratifying to learn that the material is to be
+committed to book form."--_Salem Gazette._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_For sale by all Booksellers. Sent, post-paid, upon receipt of price.
+Catalogues of our books mailed free._
+
+                                                  TICKNOR & CO., BOSTON.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLDEN TIME SERIES
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL IN NEW ENGLAND
+
+_"To say that the past is of no importance, unworthy of a moment's
+regard, because it has gone by, and is no longer anything, is an
+argument that cannot be held to any purpose; for if the past has
+ceased to be, and is therefore to be accounted nothing in the scale of
+good or evil, the future is yet to come, and has never been
+anything."_--HAZLITT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "_In my young days, when I was_ leetle,
+    _The only steam came from the kettle._
+
+    ....
+
+    "_The_ Gals _on good old Dobbins rid then,
+    But folks don't do as they used to_ did _then._
+
+    ....
+
+    _"Heigho! I grieve, I grieve
+    For the good old days of Adam and Eve._"
+
+                    From HENRY J. FINN'S "Good Old Times,"
+
+                               October, 1827.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLDEN TIME SERIES
+
+
+GLEANINGS CHIEFLY FROM OLD NEWSPAPERS OF BOSTON AND SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS
+
+
+SELECTED AND ARRANGED, WITH BRIEF COMMENTS
+
+BY
+
+HENRY M. BROOKS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England
+
+  "Old and new make the warp and woof of every moment. There is
+  no thread that is not a twist of these two strands. By necessity, by
+  proclivity, and by delight, we all quote."--EMERSON
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOSTON
+
+TICKNOR AND COMPANY
+
+1886
+
+_Copyright, 1885,_
+
+BY TICKNOR AND COMPANY.
+
+_All rights reserved._
+
+
+University Press:
+
+JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX OF NAMES.
+
+  PAGE
+
+  ABERDOUR, JOHN LORD                                         71
+  Adams, Samuel                                               71
+  Amherst, General                                            38
+  Amiel, John                                                 53
+  Amory, Jonathan                                             79
+  Apthorp, Charles Ward                                       30
+  Apthorpe, Charles                                           33
+  Apthorpe, Rev. Mr.                                          33
+  Apthorpe, Susan                                             33
+  Ashton, John                                                35
+  Avery, John                                             55, 56
+
+  BALCH, Rev. Mr.                                             29
+  Balkum, Daniel                                              89
+  Barnard, Benjamin                                           61
+  Belknap, Jeremiah                                           29
+  Bernard, Gov. Francis                           35, 36, 37, 46
+  Blanchard, Caleb                                            84
+  Bollan, William                                              9
+  Bowditch, Nathaniel                                         42
+  Bowdoin, Hon. James                                         33
+  Bowdoin, Miss                                               33
+  Brattle, William                                            63
+  Breck, Samuel                                               88
+  Brenton, Benjamin                                           54
+  Britt, Thomas                                               59
+  Brown, B.                                                   97
+  Brown, Obadiah                                              64
+  Bulfinch, Dr. Thomas                                        33
+  Butler, Mr.                                                 21
+
+  CALDWELL, JAMES                                             68
+  Carpenter, Captain                                          19
+  Carr, Colonel                                               68
+  Chase, Samuel & William                                     21
+  Clark, John                                                 68
+  Clark, Stephen                                              13
+  Clarke, Richard                                             59
+  Clarke, Sukey                                               59
+  Cole, Patrick                                               68
+  Colman, Rev. Henry                                          97
+  Cooper, William                                             20
+  Copeland, E. Jr.                                            86
+  Copley, John Singleton                                  59, 72
+  Crocker, Cornelius                                          10
+  Crosby, John                                                60
+
+  DALAND, B.                                                  97
+  Dalrymple, Colonel                                          68
+  Dana, Rev. Mr.                                              81
+  Darley, Arthur                                              57
+  Davis, Joshua                                               60
+  Deane, Rev. Samuel                                          93
+  Deane, Mrs.                                                 93
+  Deshon, Moses                                               15
+  Douglass, Mr.                                           39, 41
+
+  EASTLAKE, SIR CHARLES                                        6
+  Edes & Gill                                        11,16,32,43
+  Elliot, Sally                                               33
+  Elliot, Simon                                       33, 85, 86
+  Ellis, Mrs.                                                 91
+  Ellis, Rev. Mr.                                             90
+  Elwell, Edward H.                                           93
+  Emerson, R.W.                                                6
+  Erving, John                                                67
+
+  FLEMMING, ALBERT                                            98
+  Flynt, Henry                                            17, 18
+  Fowle & Draper                                              48
+  Franklin, Dr. Benjamin                                      24
+  Franklin, Elizabeth                                         24
+
+  GAY, MARTIN                                                 59
+  Gordon, James                                               79
+  Gorham, Joseph                                              10
+  Gray, Samuel                                                68
+  Green & Russell                                     34, 47, 52
+  Greene, John                                                68
+  Gwin, Captain                                               56
+
+  HANCOCK, JOHN                                               69
+  Haskell, Philemon                                           91
+  Hawthorne, Nathaniel                                        42
+  Henshaw, Joshua, Jr.                                        59
+  Hickling, William                                           61
+  Hill, Colonel John                                          59
+  Hill, Katherine                                             59
+  Holyoke, Edward                                             14
+  Hudson, James                                                9
+  Hurd, John                                              62, 63
+
+  INCH, JOHN                                                  16
+
+  JOHNSON, MR.                                                68
+
+  KING CHARLES I.                                              5
+  King George II.                                             10
+  King George III.                                        37, 44
+
+  LEE, FRANCIS H.                                             86
+  Lewis, Phillip                                              71
+  Loyal, Paul                                                 35
+
+  MACAULAY, T.B.                                               5
+  Marshall, Thomas                                            29
+  Mason, Colonel David                                    39, 40
+  Maverick, Samuel                                            68
+  Micklefield, William                                86, 87, 88
+  Minot, George R.                                            70
+  Monk, Christopher                                           68
+  Morgan, Captain                                         34, 35
+  Morton, Captain                                             68
+  Murray, Mrs.                                                82
+  Murray, Rev. Mr.                                            82
+
+  OLIVER, ANDREW                                              37
+
+  PAINE, WILLIAM                                              50
+  Parker, David                                               68
+  Parkman, Samuel                                             80
+  Payne, Edward                                               68
+  Peirce, Benjamin                                            42
+  Pelham, Charles                                             72
+  Pelham, Mrs.                                                72
+  Perkins, Thomas H.                                          33
+  Phenix, John                                                 4
+  Pickering, Colonel Timothy                              42, 46
+  Pickering, John                                             42
+  Pickering, Timothy, Sr.                                 44, 46
+  Pope of Rome                                                85
+  Poynton, Thomas                                         51, 52
+  Prescott, John                                              39
+  Prescott, William H.                                        42
+  Preston, Captain                                            68
+  Prince of Wales                                             28
+
+  QUEEN ANNE                                                   6
+
+  READ, THOMAS                                                16
+  Revere, Paul                                                71
+  Rhodes, Captain                                             84
+  Rogers, Rev. Mr.                                            13
+  Rowe, John                                                  54
+  Ruskin, John                                                99
+  Russell, Benjamin                                           25
+  Russell, Daniel                                             65
+
+  SALISBURY, ELIZABETH                                        67
+  Salisbury, Samuel                                           67
+  Savage, Samuel Phillips                                     63
+  Scott, William                                              94
+  Shays, Daniel                                               89
+  Shirley, General William                                    28
+  Spencer, Herbert                                             6
+  Stevens, Captain                                            80
+  Storr, Marmaduke                                            60
+  Story, Joseph                                               42
+  Story, William W.                                           42
+
+  TEMPLE, HON. JOHN                                           33
+  Thorn, Dr.                                                  50
+  Treadwell, Jonathan                                         92
+
+  UPHAM, CHARLES W.                                           47
+
+  WASHINGTON, GEORGE                                           4
+  Waters, Josiah                                              29
+  Watson, Mr.                                                 21
+  Webb, Joseph, Jr.                                           71
+  Whipple, Joseph                                             90
+  Whitefield, Rev. George                                 57, 58
+  Whitmore, Major-General                                     66
+  Wickham, Captain                                            56
+  Winter, Joshua                                              80
+  Willard, Joseph                                         75, 78
+  Williams, Jonathan                                          70
+  Wolfe, General James                                    25, 27
+  Wood, William                                               13
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE DAYS OF THE SPINNING-WHEEL
+
+IN NEW ENGLAND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WITHIN the last few years many young ladies have searched country houses
+or ransacked old garrets to find spinning-wheels, which, like old
+chairs, tall clocks, and warming-pans, have now become objects of
+curiosity and interest to those who take a fancy to antique articles. It
+has become fashionable to have these things to adorn our Queen Anne
+houses. And brass andirons and shovels and tongs have come into request,
+so that we may enjoy the luxury of an open wood fire, which, to our
+mind, is one of the most cheerful things in this world. Some one has
+remarked "that to be well-dressed gives a feeling of satisfaction that
+religion fails to give;" but to us, to sit before a blazing wood fire on
+a dull, cold evening, gives a feeling of comfort and delight which
+surpasses anything we know of. What charming companionship in a wood
+fire! Better than the company of uncongenial persons.
+
+    "Old wood to burn,"
+    "Old books to read:"
+
+these are enough; we will leave out the "old wine to drink."
+
+      "This bright wood fire,
+    So like to that which warmed and lit
+    My youthful days, how doth it flit
+      Back on the periods nigher!
+    Re-lighting and re-warming with its glow
+    The bright scenes of my youth,--all gone out now."
+
+Glance backward to some years before the Revolution, and we shall find a
+spinning-wheel in every house, and then, probably, in constant use. Now
+its place in our homes is taken by the piano. This instrument had not
+then come into use. Something resembling it,--namely, the spinnet or the
+harpsichord,--was to be found in some instances; but it was by no means
+common to find these, for there was but little knowledge of music in
+America in those days. A hundred years ago, only one or two churches in
+Boston had organs, and the public taste, except in rare cases, was
+decidedly against music of all kinds, especially sacred music. To show
+how this was, we have heard an old lady say that when she was young,
+some eighty years or so ago, "musicians, for the most part, were not
+thought much of" by the most cultivated people of that time; and she
+assured me that even at a later date, members of military bands, as well
+as organists and violinists (then called fiddlers) were too often low
+characters and men much addicted to drinking. The times were too hard
+for the New England people of those days to cultivate music or indulge
+in entertainments of any kind except "going to meeting." There was but
+little money in circulation, and that was almost always in the form of a
+depreciated currency. Gold and silver were scarce articles, and a large
+proportion of the necessities of life and luxuries--if luxuries they
+could be called; they would hardly be so considered by us--were imported
+from England or elsewhere. The leading occupations were farming,
+fishing, making New England rum, importing rum, sugar, and molasses
+from the West Indies, and dry goods from England. The common people were
+poor enough, in comparison with the condition of the same class at the
+present time, when they make as good an appearance as the wealthy did a
+hundred years ago. It would be safe to say that they have more comforts
+and conveniences in their homes to-day than the more prosperous had at
+the time of the Revolution. The humorist, John Phenix, said that "Gen'l
+Washington never saw a steamboat, nor rode in a railroad car;" and
+possibly his house was not heated by steam, or furnished with pipes for
+hot and cold water. Nor did he ever use gas, or the telegraph or
+telephone. Whether the people who lived then would have shown the
+extravagance which characterizes our time if they had possessed the
+means, is a question not easily to be answered; but it is certain they
+were more frugal than we are, if not more industrious. The Revolution
+left the masses of the people in rather a destitute condition, and they
+were forced to be economical. Their habits were so entirely different
+from modern habits that it would exceed our limits to undertake to draw
+a careful comparison. It is said that the people of those days bewailed
+the degeneracy of the times, and spoke of the industry and frugality of
+earlier periods.
+
+                                  NORWICH, May 6, 1784.
+
+    A correspondent observes, that the extravagances of the
+    present day are fully demonstrated in the broadcloth coats
+    and silk gowns,--the powder and feathers, the ruffles and
+    cardinals, the silk stockings and feet trappings--In the
+    feasts, the dancing parties and select companies--and what
+    is the more melancholy, all orders and degrees help form the
+    circle.--Where is the simplicity in dress and manners;
+    temperance in meats and drinks, which formed the virtuous
+    characters of our illustrious ancestors?--O! the degeneracy
+    of the times!
+
+                                               _Salem Gazette._
+
+Just as our ancestors did, as Macaulay says, in the days of Charles the
+First; they thought they were not as good as their ancestors had been.
+This habit of looking back to a time so remote that "distance lends
+enchantment to the view," seems to be almost universal. It is this
+feeling of reverence for the old that makes it so interesting to us, and
+leads us to look at things of the past poetically rather than
+practically; although it is true that sometimes the interest taken in
+inconvenient and uncomfortable articles arises rather from their age
+than from anything else. But oftentimes the very simplicity, solidity,
+and strength of old furniture, for instance, is charming, in contrast
+with the elaborate, unmeaning carvings and flimsy character of more
+modern productions. We are beginning to see how much more sensible the
+Chippendale and other styles commended by Eastlake and some other
+writers on household art are to much that has been produced in later
+times. Yet we must allow that prejudice and fashion go a great way in
+determining our likes and dislikes, in furniture as well as in dress and
+other things. Very likely in a few years we shall tire of the Queen Anne
+houses and furniture, and hard floors, and have a surfeit of
+_Anglomania_, especially if we carry the taste too far. In this country,
+as Emerson says, "Every rider drives too fast." It is hard to be simple
+and slow. We must build fast, eat fast, and live fast. But Emerson says
+again, "Nature has no respect for haste." Herbert Spencer has given us
+in a kindly spirit some hints on this score which it would be well to
+heed. But we are wandering from our immediate subject. Our desire is to
+illustrate, in the very words of the people of the period we refer to,
+the views they entertained of economy and industry, and how they carried
+them out. We will begin, then, in the year 1759, with a curious letter
+to the "Boston Gazette" of June 11 of that year, in which the writer
+gives some account of the cost of provisions at that period.
+
+    _To the Trading and Farming People of_ New England.
+
+        GENTLEMEN.
+
+    I Have been coming and going among you since the Year 1745.
+    I am now once more on Service in this Part of the World, and
+    not a little surprized at the Alteration in the Value of
+    your Provisions, since my Knowledge of your Country. When I
+    first came among you, I could have bought a Pound of Beef
+    for a Penny, a Goose for a Shilling, a Fowl for three Pence,
+    and so in Proportion. It now is, I think, four Pence
+    Sterling for a Pound of Beef, eighteen Pence Sterling for a
+    Fowl, and three Shillings for a Goose. Pray Gentlemen, when
+    that is the Price at _Boston_, what must we pay for it at
+    _Louisbourg_, after it has gone thro' the Hands of many
+    different People that are to live out of it. Our Pay is not
+    increased.
+
+    I would say nothing to influence you to sell cheaper, from
+    Motives disinterested or publick spirited, as that weighs
+    but little with the Generality of Mankind. But consider your
+    own Interest, the War can last but little longer: This
+    Campaign, in all Probability, will put an End to it, then
+    where will you find a Market for your Stock you raise.
+    Consider with the Fall of this present Summer, its pretty
+    certain the Soldiers and Seamen at present employed for your
+    Defence, will be called to Britain: Take the Market while it
+    holds Gentlemen. We have Beef found us, that is to say, the
+    Publick purchases it; let us now and then taste of your
+    Veal, Mutton and Fowls for our Money, and we will spend all
+    among you; and we expect both Interest and Inclination will
+    prompt you to give us an ample Supply.
+
+    I am your Friend, _An_ ANTI-CANADIAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the same paper is an auction advertisement, showing how they mixed
+the different kinds of _property_.
+
+    TO be Sold by publick Vendue on _Scarlet's_ Wharff, at the
+    North End of _Boston_, THIS AFTERNOON, at IV o'Clock, Sundry
+    Hogsheads of Sugar, four likely Negro Men, and a Parcel of
+    old Copper; Prize Goods lately brought into this Port.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 19th November we are shown how remittances were made in those
+days.
+
+    We hear that the Treasurer of this Province has received a
+    Bill of Lading for two Boxes of Portugal Gold, ship'd by Mr.
+    Agent Bollan, on board the Mercury Man of War, amounting to
+    Twenty thousand six hundred and eighty Pounds, seventeen
+    shillings and six Pence; being Part of the L27,000 granted
+    by Parliament in 1757, to this Province, to recompence them
+    for the Expences they were at in the Expedition in
+    1756.--Said Ship may be daily expected.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And here is a description of a vessel of the time.
+
+    Mr. James Hudson came Passenger in the Vessel that arriv'd
+    at Cape-Ann, mention'd in our last, which saw a Wreck in
+    Lat: 36, he says, she was a Frigate built Ship of about 200
+    Tons burthen, had a Lion Head painted yellow, a short Topgal
+    on Quarter-Deck, a small Tafrail painted yellow, Quarters
+    and Stern painted blue, had a large Trophies painted on her
+    Stern and gilt, full of Water, and no living Person on
+    board.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 5th February in that year, this was the way they advertised for
+recruits for the Government service, offering among other inducements,
+"a Crown to drink the King's health."
+
+    ALL able-bodied fit Men that have an Inclination to serve
+    His Majesty King GEORGE the Second, in the first Independent
+    Company of Rangers, now in the Province of _Nova-Scotia_,
+    commanded by _Joseph Gorham, Esq_; shall, on inlisting,
+    receive good Pay and Cloathing, a large Bounty, with a Crown
+    to drink the King's Health. And by repairing to the Sign of
+    the Bear in King-Street, _Boston_, and to Mr. _Cornelius
+    Crocker_, Innholder in _Barnstable_, may hear the particular
+    Encouragement, and many Advantages accruing to a Soldier, in
+    the Course of the Duty of that Company, too long to insert
+    here; and further, may depend on being discharged at the
+    Expiration of the Time entertained for, and to have every
+    other Encouragement punctually compli'd with.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There was a meeting of "very agreeable Ladies" in the interests of
+economy about the same time.
+
+    In a large Circle of very agreeable Ladies in this Town, it
+    was unanimously agreed to lay aside the Use of Ribbons, &c.
+    &c. &c. for which there has been so great a Resort to
+    Milliners in times past----It is hoped that this Resolution
+    will be followed by others of the Sex throughout the
+    Province--_How agreeable will they appear in their native
+    Beauty, stript of these Ornaments, from the prevailing
+    Motive of Love to their Country._
+
+    We must after all our Efforts, depend greatly upon the
+    Female Sex for the Introduction of Oeconomy among us: And
+    those who have the Pleasure of an Acquaintance with them,
+    assure us that their utmost Aid will not be wanting.
+
+    So strong is the Disposition of the Inhabitants of this Town
+    to take off the Manufactures that come from the Country
+    Towns, especially Womens and Childrens Winter Apparel, that
+    nothing is wanting but an Advertisement where they may be
+    had in Town, which will be taken in, and published by the
+    Printers of this Paper _Gratis_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Labrador tea began to take the place of green and bohea.
+
+    Messieurs EDES & GILL,
+
+    THE use of _Hyperion_ or _Labradore Tea_, is every day
+    coming into more general vogue among people of all ranks.
+    The virtues of the plant or shrub from which this delicate
+    _Tea_ is gathered, were first discovered by the
+    _Aborigines_, and from them the _Canadians_ learned them. It
+    soon became into such repute that quantities were sent to
+    _France_, where I have heard say, it was soon in such
+    demand, as alarmed the _French East-India_ company, and
+    procured an ordinance prohibiting the importation of any
+    more on the pain of death. So little do some politicians
+    regard the health or even the life of man, when either of
+    them appear to be incompatible with their particular
+    interests, views and projects. Before the cession of
+    _Canada_ to _Great-Britain_, we knew little or nothing of
+    this most excellent herb: but since that we have been taught
+    to find it growing on every hill and dale, between the Lat.
+    40 & 60. It is to be found all over New-England in great
+    plenty, and that of the best quality, particularly on the
+    banks of _Penobscot_, _Kennebeck_, _Nichewannock_ and
+    _Merrimac_. Immense quantities may be found on the mountains
+    near the great lakes.
+
+    Nothing short of the highest degree of infatuation and
+    madness could ever have prevailed with us to introduce
+    unwholesome Exoticks. The voice of reason crys louder than
+    ever for their perpetual banishment; and the further use of
+    them must be accounted for but by the force of invincible
+    prejudice. This indeed sometimes leads to a preference of
+    rank poison if far fetched and dear bought, to the most
+    salubrious draught at hand, with little pains or cost, tho'
+    of inestimable value.
+
+                                                A TEA-DRINKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following items, Sept. 17, 1759, throw some light on the state of
+the country in some parts of New England, where, even if the "Lyons"
+once seen at Cape Ann by Wood had departed, there were still some bears,
+one having been seen within two miles of Boston.
+
+    We hear from Brentwood, in New Hampshire Government, as two
+    Children were gathering Beans in a Field, a large Bear came
+    upon them and kill'd them both;--The Bear was pursued, but
+    could not be found.
+
+    Also from Chester, in the same Government, that a few Days
+    after the above, another Bear came behind a Woman as she was
+    walking along, not far from her House, and tore off the hind
+    Part of her Gown, which he carried off in his Mouth;--but
+    the Woman happily made her Escape from him.
+
+    And from Kingston, in the County of Worcester, we hear, that
+    on Tuesday last as Mr. Stephen Clark of that Town was out a
+    Hunting after Bears, his Next Door Neighbour went out into
+    his Cornfield just at Evening, and seeing something move
+    which he thought was one of those Animals, shott at it, and
+    upon his coming to the place, found it to be Mr. Clark as
+    above-mention'd, shot thro' his Head, to his great surprize.
+
+    We hear from Kittery, that in about 13 Days past, seven
+    large Bears have been kill'd within a Mile of the Rev. Mr.
+    Rogers's Meeting House.
+
+    It is said some of these voracious Animals have ventured
+    down even to some of the Seaport Towns at the
+    Eastward.--Two of them were seen at Medford last Week; and
+    one of them has been lately killed within two Miles of this
+    Metropolis. Some have weighed above 300 lb. Wt.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice to Students of Harvard College:
+
+    _THIS is to give Notice to the Candidates for their second
+    Degree at_ Harvard-College _this Year, that they attend at
+    the College by the 11th Day of_ July _next, and if any shall
+    neglect their Attendance accordingly, without sufficient
+    Reason therefor, they may not expect their said Degrees this
+    Year._                              Cambridge, June 9, 1759.
+
+                                      EDWARD HOLYOKE, President.
+
+    _NOTICE is hereby given to all who desire an Admission into_
+    Harvard College _this Year, That the President and Tutors
+    have determined to attend the Business of Examination on
+    Friday and Saturday the 19th and 20th Days of_ July _next._
+
+    Cambridge, June 9, 1759. EDWARD HOLYOKE, Pres.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When we remember the present condition of the city of Lynn, it is
+interesting to note how that place stood in reference to the shoe
+industry in the year 1762. The "Boston Gazette" of November 2 says:--
+
+    We are confidently told, that in the Town of Lynn upwards of
+    Forty Thousand Pair of Womens Shoes have been made in one
+    Year, equal in Goodness to any imported from Abroad--It is
+    thought that in a few Years they will be supply'd with
+    Callimanco and other Stuffs manufactured in this Province.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The statement has often been made by connoisseurs that there was no
+mahogany furniture in America before the Revolution; but this is a
+mistake, for here, in the "Boston Gazette" of Feb. 5, 1759, is an
+advertisement announcing the sale of a "Beautiful Mehogany Desk and
+Book-Case." Probably this was an early specimen of such kind of work, as
+mahogany, it is said, was not introduced into Europe long before this
+time.
+
+                _To be Sold by_ Moses Deshon,
+
+    On Dock-Square, Next Wednesday, at V o'Clock, in the
+    Afternoon, and Friday Evening following.
+
+    _A Handsome 8 Day Clock, a Brass Grate, Shovel Fire, Tongs,
+    Tables, and a Variety of other Articles; a fine Assortment
+    of English, Scotch, and French Goods._ N.B. _A beautiful
+    Mehogany Desk and Book-Case; and a Quantity of Cannon-Powder
+    to dispose of at private Sale._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A curious advertisement of a runaway convict in Maryland appears in the
+same paper, Sept. 15, 1759:--
+
+                  Fifteen Pistoles Reward.
+
+    RAN-AWAY from the Subscriber, (living at ANNAPOLIS, in
+    MARYLAND) in _June_ last, a Convict Servant Man, named
+    _Thomas Read_, alias _Cutbert_, about 25 or 30 Years of Age,
+    5 Feet, 4 Inches high, well set, grey Eyes, large Nose, and
+    had short brown curl'd Hair. He is supposed to be in
+    _Boston_, or some of the Northern Governments; is a
+    Jeweller, and Motto-Ring-Engraver, and is an artful
+    talkative pert Fellow;--can write pretty well, and has
+    doubtless help'd himself to a Discharge, Pass, or any other
+    Writing to deceive, and suit his Purpose; His Apparel is
+    probably genteel, as he had Money with him, a Watch in his
+    Pocket, and a large Stock of Pride; By what Name he now goes
+    is uncertain, as he has Impudence eno to pick & chuse any he
+    should think proper.
+
+    Whoever takes the said Convict Servant, and returns him to
+    his Master, shall have FIFTEEN PISTOLES Reward, and
+    reasonable Charges paid, by
+
+    _Annapolis, September 15, 1759._                  JOHN INCH.
+
+    Boston, Printed and Sold by EDES & GILL. 1759.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the year 1762 there appears to have been quite a stir in reference to
+economy and home productions, and doubtless the spinning-wheels were
+constantly in use. In the "Boston Gazette," November 2, is a very
+curious letter of Henry Flynt, a noted teacher, addressed to the ladies
+of North America.
+
+
+                _To the_ LADIES _of_ NORTH AMERICA.
+
+    LADIES,
+
+    _I AM one of those who think it not only high Time but of
+    the last Importance, that you should be publickly addressed:
+    And of the many ingenious Pens, which in the Course of a few
+    Years have informed and enlightened this Country, I have
+    often wished that at least some one of them had been more
+    particularly devoted to your Service. This would have
+    agreeably prevented me in an attempt to which I find myself
+    in all Respects but too unequal. Yet relying on your good
+    Sense and Candour, I venture to lay at your Feet a few
+    well-intended Sentiments, which tho' in a plain homespun
+    Garb, I hope will not offend. I am convinced that at this
+    present it is not only in your Inclination and Will, but
+    also in your Power, to effect more in favour of your
+    Country, than an Army of an Hundred Thousand Men; and indeed
+    more than all the armed Men on this vast Continent._--Can a
+    Woman forget her Ornaments? _Yes I know she can._ Deborah
+    _once judged Israel, and some think it was never judged
+    much better afterwards. But what tho't_ Deborah _or_ Jael
+    _of their Ornaments, when the one was contriving, & the
+    other driving the Nail that would go? What tho't beautiful_
+    Esther _of her Ornaments, when those of her Kindred &
+    Houshold were in immediate and imminent Danger, by the
+    Decree treacherously obtained by_ Haman, _from the mouth of
+    her beloved and almost adored_ Lord Ahasuerus _the Great?
+    What tho't_ Judith _of her Ornaments, when she was severing
+    the Head of_ Holofernes _from his Body, or while flying with
+    the Prize to the Relief of her despairing Friends? The Time
+    would fail me, were I to recount the wondrous Deeds and
+    mighty Atchievements of renowned and honorable Women in all
+    Ages._
+
+    _I have but alluded to a few Instances, among many of divine
+    Heroism in your Sex, which hath often saved a Country, when
+    the dull ploding Wisdom of man has been totally at a Plunge.
+    How near we are to such a_ Crisis, _is left to the
+    Conjecture of others. It would be a little out of Nature to
+    expect the Birth and Exploits of Heroines to take Place
+    before those of Heroes. I believe we shall be furnished with
+    both in their Order, as Occasion may require. All I think at
+    present that can be reasonably expected or desired of you,
+    is to consent to lay aside all superfluous Ornaments for a
+    Season--after which they shall be surely returned to you
+    again with Interests.--You shall be cloathed in Purple, and
+    Scarlet, and Fine Linnen of our own, and with other glorious
+    Apparel; which, if possible, shall add a Lustre to your
+    native Charms._
+
+                                                    HENRY FLYNT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Newport, R.I., has the reputation of having been engaged in the
+slave-trade before the Revolution; and the following item, in the
+"Boston Gazette," June 30, 1762, noticing without comment the arrival of
+a Guinea trader there, would seem to show it to have been not an
+uncommon occurrence.
+
+    We hear from Newport, Rhode Island, That Capt. Carpenter was
+    arrived there from the Coast of Guinea, having had 104 Days
+    Passage, ten Days whereof they were without Meat, but had a
+    Sufficiency of Rice and Corn. They lost but six Slaves out
+    of 69 they bro't out with them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 5th of November "the gunpowder treason and plot" was formerly
+pretty generally remembered,--by the boys, at least, who made bonfires
+and burned tar-barrels. We believe the custom has fallen into disuse
+except in Salem and Marblehead, where there seems to be a little
+"Colonialism" left. As recently as 1885 the writer saw a bonfire in
+honor of the occasion on a hill near the latter place. In 1762 there
+must have been quite a demonstration, if we can judge anything by a
+vote of the town of Boston. Englishmen visiting us have sometimes
+expressed astonishment at learning that this curious custom should still
+be kept up here, while it had been abolished at home.
+
+    Upon a motion made, _Voted_, That the Town will take all
+    proper Measures, by keeping in their Children and Servants,
+    & other Ways, to prevent the Disturbances which have
+    sometimes happened on or about the 5th Day of November.
+
+             Attest,
+                  William Cooper, _Town-Clerk_.
+
+    _Tuesday last (5th November) being the Anniversary of the
+    happy Deliverance of the British Nation from the Popish
+    Powder Plot, at Noon the Guns at Castle William and at the
+    Batteries in this Town were fired: At One all the nine Men
+    of War then in this Harbour also fired._
+
+                      From the _Essex Gazette_, Nov. 12, 1771.
+
+The accommodation offered for travel between Boston and New York before
+the Revolution must have been slim enough, judging from an advertisement
+in the "Boston Gazette" in 1761. Passengers then went by vessel from
+Providence; that is, "Gentlemen Passengers." Whether ladies were
+accommodated or not, does not appear; but perhaps they were in the habit
+of going by stage, taking a week or so to accomplish the journey, or,
+more than likely, few ever travelled at all in those times. In our day,
+when every one is on the move, it is hard to realize this state of
+things.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _Notice is Given, That SAMUEL and WILLIAM CHACE, of_
+    Providence, _have a suitable Vessel that goes steadily
+    between there and_ New-York. _So that all Gentlemen
+    Passengers and others that incline to take the Rout from_
+    Boston _to_ New-York, _or from_ New-York _to_ Boston, _may
+    be well accommodated._
+
+                                    Providence, Aug. 29, 1761.
+
+"In 1756," Watson says, "the first stage was started between
+Philadelphia and New York by Mr. Butler; three days through in summer
+time, five and six in winter. In 1765 a second stage was started, to go
+through positively in three days. This was a covered Jersey
+wagon,--fare, twopence per mile. In 1766 another stage, called the
+'Flying Machine,' was started, to go through in two days,--threepence
+per mile."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A brief account of Montreal in the "Boston Gazette," March 30, 1761.
+
+                        NEW-YORK, March 23.
+
+                Extract of a Letter from Montreal.
+
+    ----"The Case of the poor Canadians is really deplorable,
+    occasioned by the bankruptcy of the crown of France. Many of
+    them who had, with great danger and labour, acquired estates
+    worth 20,000 l. sterl. by the fur-trade, or otherwise, can
+    now scarce procure a dinner. All their remittances from
+    their mother country, consisted in bills on the French King,
+    which are not now worth one farthing, as no body whatever
+    will accept of them in payment. It is computed there is
+    above the value of 3,000,000 l. sterling of these useless
+    paper scraps, circulated through the colony, which, as a
+    reward to the wretched inhabitants for all their hardships
+    and fatigues, must now supply the place of affluence and
+    independence. Most, if not all of them, are perfectly
+    reconciled to the British government, as they can now with
+    security enjoy any little property they have; whereas
+    formerly, Governor Vaudreuil made no ceremony of seizing the
+    produce of their lands, their merchandize and manufactures
+    of every kind, and after conveying them to the King's store
+    houses, paid to the proprietors any price he pleased. If the
+    owners thereafter had occasion for any of their own
+    commodities, they could not procure them under twenty times
+    the price they had received.
+
+    "Montreal in general is a well built town, but incapable of
+    any defence. The churches are elegant, and the houses of
+    some of their principal men are really magnificent; though
+    few in number. The Hotel Dieu is by far the finest hospital
+    I ever saw, every thing in it is extremely neat and
+    convenient.
+
+    "The people here are extravagantly fond of dress; a stranger
+    would take Montreal to be a city inhabited by none but the
+    rich and idle: they are all finely powdered, walk with their
+    hats under their arms, and wear long coats, adorned with
+    tinsel lace, and buttoned down to the extremity. Since I
+    came here, I have not seen one man dressed like a tradesman.
+    The ladies in general are handsome, extremely gay, and well
+    bred."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1767 the best soap and "dipt" and "mould" candles were sold at the
+post-office in Boston, according to an advertisement in the "Gazette" of
+October 26. The candles were made of tallow, and gave but little light,
+requiring almost constant snuffing. Other kinds of candles were not in
+general use in New England in the last century. Sperm oil and sperm or
+wax candles could be used only by the wealthy. Many families, for
+economy, made their own candles. This practice was common in New England
+down to within fifty years.
+
+It will be recollected that Dr. Franklin's father was a tallow-chandler
+in Boston, and that the Doctor himself worked at the business when a
+boy. Elizabeth Franklin, whose name appears in the following
+advertisement, was probably a relative of the family.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            SOLD BY
+                     _Elizabeth Franklin,_
+                      At the Post-Office,
+
+    THE best true Crown Soap, Alicant best hard Soap, by the
+    Doz. or single Pound, dipt and mould Candles at the lowest
+    Price.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Every week the burials and baptisms in Boston were thus inserted in the
+papers. The following is from the "Gazette" of Nov. 23, 1767:--
+
+    Buried in the Town of Boston since our last, Five Whites.
+    Three Blacks. Baptiz'd in the several Churches, Four.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This custom was continued many years. We take the following from the
+"Massachusetts Centinel," April 2, 1788:--
+
+    BURIED _in town last week_ 11--BAPTISED 14.
+
+    Published by BENJAMIN RUSSELL, near the State-House, Boston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+General Wolfe's Manifesto from the "Boston Gazette," Dec. 10, 1759.
+
+    _As the Manifesto lately published was only a Translation
+    from a French Manuscript, we are requested to publish the
+    following, which is_
+
+                  _General_ WOLFE's Manifesto,
+                    _as written by Himself._
+
+    THE formidable Sea and Land Armament which the People of
+    _Canada_ now behold in the Heart of their Country is
+    intended by the King my Master to check the insolence of
+    _France_;--To revenge the Insults offered to the _British_
+    Colonies, and totally deprive the _French_ of their most
+    valuable Settlements in _North-America_.
+
+    For these Purposes only is the Formidable Army under my
+    Command intended.
+
+    The King of _Great-Britain_ wages no War with the
+    Industrious Peasant, the sacred Orders of Religion, or the
+    defenceless Women and Children: To these in their
+    distressful Circumstances His Royal Clemency offers
+    Protection. The People may remain unmolested on their Lands,
+    inhabit their Houses, and enjoy their Religion in Security.
+    For these inestimable Blessings, I expect the _Canadians_
+    will take no Part in the Great Contest between the two
+    Crowns; But if by a vain Obstinacy, and misguided Valour,
+    they presume to appear in Arms, they must expect the most
+    fatal Consequences; their Habitations destroyed, their
+    sacred Temples exposed to the Fury of an exasperated
+    Soldiery; their Harvest utterly ruined, and the only Passage
+    of Relief stopped up by a most formidable Fleet.--In this
+    unhappy Situation, and closely attacked by another great
+    Army, what can the wretched Natives expect from Opposition!
+
+    THE unparelelled Barbarities exerted by the _French_ against
+    our Settlements in _America_, might justify the bitterest
+    Revenge in the Army under my Command; but _Britons_ breathe
+    higher Sentiments of Humanity, and listen to the merciful
+    Dictates of the Christian Religion. Yet should you suffer
+    yourselves to be deluded by an imaginary Prospect of our
+    want of Success; should you refuse those Terms, and persist
+    in Opposition; Then surely will the Law of Nations justify
+    the Waste of War, so necessary to crush an ungenerous Enemy:
+    and Then, the miserable _Canadians_ must in the Winter have
+    the Mortification of seeing those very Families, they have
+    been exerting a fruitless and indiscreet Bravery for, perish
+    by the most dismal Want and Famine.
+
+    In this great Dilemma let the Wisdom of the People of
+    _Canada_ shew itself!
+
+    _BRITAIN_ stretches out a powerful, yet a merciful Hand,
+    Faithful to her Engagements, and ready to secure them in
+    their most valuable Rights and Possessions.
+
+    _FRANCE_, unable to support _Canada_, deserts her Cause at
+    this important Crisis, and during the whole War has assisted
+    her with Troops, who have been maintained _only_ by making
+    the Natives feel all the Weight of grievous and lawless
+    Oppression.
+
+                                                    JAMES WOLFE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                    Boston, _November 2, 1761_.
+
+    _Last Evening, just at Eight o'Clock, this Town was alarmed
+    with the Shock of an_ EARTHQUAKE.
+
+                                                   _Gazette._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 15th of August, 1763, the "Boston Post-Boy" gives the following
+account of the celebration of a royal birthday:--
+
+                      _BOSTON, August 15._
+
+    On Friday being the Birth-Day of the _Prince of Wales_, and
+    the Anniversary of the Accession of the House of _Hanover_,
+    and also of the Surrender of the _Havanna_, which was the
+    immediate Means of bringing about the Peace; at One o'Clock
+    the Guns at the Castle and Town Batteries were Fired; and in
+    the Evening his Excellency the Governor gave a Ball at
+    Concert Hall. There were present about 240 Gentlemen and
+    Ladies; the Ball was opened by General _Shirley_ and the
+    Governor's Lady about 8 o'Clock; the Country Dances began
+    about nine, and about ten a Supper Room was opened, where
+    was a very handsome Collation. The Ladies made a brilliant
+    Appearance, and the Company expressed the highest Pleasure
+    and Satisfaction on the Occasion, and broke up about two in
+    the Morning. The whole was conducted with the greatest
+    Order, Elegance and Decorum.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The great military "occasion" of those days was the annual parade of the
+Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. In June, 1763, that Company
+celebrated its one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary. In the "Boston
+Post-Boy" of June 13 we have this account:--
+
+    Monday last, agreeable to ancient Custom, the Artillery
+    Company of the Province, appeared under Arms, being the
+    Anniversary of the Election of Officers for the Company: A
+    Sermon was preached by the Rev'd Mr. _Balch_ of _Dedham_, at
+    the Old Brick Meeting-House, where his Excellency the
+    Governor, the Members of his Majesty's Council and House of
+    Representatives, with a Number of other Gentlemen, attended;
+    after which they proceeded to Faneuil-Hall, where an elegant
+    Dinner was provided; and in the Afternoon the following
+    Gentlemen were chosen for the ensuing Year, viz.
+
+                 _Thomas Marshall_, Esq; Captain,
+                 Mr. _Josiah Waters_, Lieutenant,
+                 Mr. _Jeremiah Belknap_, Ensign.
+
+    In the Evening a plentiful Repast was given by the Officers
+    newly elected, at Faneuil-Hall; where many loyal Healths
+    were drank.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After the great fire in Boston in March, 1760, this item appeared in the
+"Gazette" of May 19:--
+
+    We hear that _Charles Ward Apthorp_, Esq; of _N.-York_,
+    Merchant, upon hearing of the Calamity which had befallen
+    this Town by the late dreadful Fire, generously ordered his
+    Agent here to pay to the Gentlemen appointed to receive the
+    Donations of charitable dispos'd Persons the Sum of _One
+    Hundred_ Pounds, L.M. for the Relief of the Sufferers.
+
+Mr. Apthorp, of New York, made this generous donation--a large sum for
+that time--for the relief of the sufferers of his native place.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 30th of March, 1761, the "Boston Gazette" prints the following
+among its items of news:--
+
+    _The following Proverbs we hope will not be disregarded,
+    tho' taken from a Book in the Hands of almost every
+    Freeholder in this Province; for they are true English
+    Proverbs_----
+
+    _LOOK before you leap--Wise Men think twice before they act
+    once--Avoidance is better than late Repentance--Put your
+    Hand in the Lion's Mouth, then get it out if you can--Haste
+    makes Waste--Fast bind fast find--A Wedge once enter'd, the
+    Log flies--You may add, when you cannot take away--Cut your
+    Coat according to your Cloth--A rash Beginning makes a
+    foolish Ending--Better late than never--He that acts for
+    others, should act with Caution--Once well done is twice
+    done--A wise Man foreseeth the Storm and secureth
+    himself----Of all Murderers, Self-Murderers are the most
+    stupid--A Snake in the Grass may bite before it is seen._
+
+           A Word to the Wise is sufficient. AMEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOSTON IN OLDEN TIMES.--The "Boston Transcript," in a notice of the
+newspapers published in Boston in 1767, of which there were ten, says:
+The printer in those days was a man of "all work." If a negro or horse
+was up for sale, the printer was the seller. The advertisements in these
+old papers are curiosities in their line. The following notices appeared
+in the advertising columns of the "Boston Evening Gazette," in 1741:--
+
+    "To be sold by the Printer of this Paper, the very best
+    negro woman in this town, who has had the small pox and the
+    measles; is as hearty as a horse, as brisk as a bird, and
+    will work like a beaver."
+
+    "To be sold by the Printer of this Paper, a negro man about
+    thirty years old, who can do both town and country business
+    very well, but will suit the country best, where they have
+    not so many dram-shops as we have in Boston. He has worked
+    at the printing business fifteen or sixteen years; can
+    handle axe, saw, spade, hoe, or other instrument of
+    husbandry, as well as most men, and values himself, and is
+    valued by others, for his skill in cookery."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This item, from a paper of 1767, seems to show that the Government was
+not then obliged to have a "bill" to uphold silver, for it was evidently
+in the ascendency; but there was no Western territory at that time, or
+rather, it had not been discovered.
+
+    Gold as well as Silver will be taken for the Tickets, and
+    the Prizes paid off in like Manner. Prizes not demanded
+    within Twelve Months after Drawing, will not be paid, but
+    will be deem'd as generously given for the Purpose
+    aforesaid, and applied accordingly.
+
+    Tickets to be had of the respective Managers, and of Edes
+    and Gill.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Fashionable weddings in the days of the spinning-wheel were not so fully
+described as they are at the present day. Nothing used to be said about
+the "magnificent dresses," "best man," "ushers," "contracting parties,"
+"elegant presents," etc., etc.; there was a simple announcement of the
+fact. Here are specimens of marriage announcements,--persons belonging
+to the first families in Boston.
+
+                 "Boston Gazette," Feb. 5, 1759.
+
+    Last Thursday Morning, was married at King's-Chappel, Dr.
+    THOMAS BULFINCH, Son of the late Dr. BULFINCH of this Town,
+    to Mrs. SUSAN APTHORPE, Daughter of the late CHARLES
+    APTHORPE, Esq; The Rev'd Mr. APTHORPE perform'd the
+    Ceremony, before a very great Number of Spectators.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+               "Columbian Centinel," March 26, 1788.
+
+    ----Mr. THOMAS H. PERKINS, merchant, to Miss SALLY ELLIOT,
+    only daughter of Mr. SIMON ELLIOT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    "Gazette," Jan. 26, 1767.
+
+                    BOSTON, January 26, 1767.
+
+    Tuesday the Honorable JOHN TEMPLE, Esq; Surveyor-General of
+    North-America, was married to Miss BOWDOIN, Daughter of the
+    Honorable JAMES BOWDOIN, Esq; of this Town.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Specimen of a house in "Corn-Hill," from the "Post-Boy," May 7, 1763.
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+                          TO BE SOLD,
+
+    A Large and Commodious Brick Dwelling-House, pleasently
+    scituated in Corn-Hill: For further particulars Enquire of
+    _Green & Russell_ Printers in Queen-street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Virginia Gazette" gives an account of an early and bold attempt at
+British impressment of seamen. This business caused us a great deal of
+trouble in after years, and was one of the causes of "Madison's War," as
+the old people were fond of calling it.
+
+The press-gang was one of the peculiar institutions of Great Britain.
+
+                                       BOSTON, October 26, 1767.
+
+    By the Virginia Gazette, of the first Instant, it appears
+    that Captain Morgan, of the Hornet Sloop of War, concerted a
+    bloody riotous Plan, to impress Seamen, at Norfolk, for
+    which Purpose, his Tender was equipped with Guns and Men,
+    and under Cover of the Night said Morgan landed at a public
+    Wharff, having first made proper Dispositions either for an
+    Attack or Retreat, then went to a Tavern, and took a
+    chearful Glass, after which they went to work, and took
+    every Person they met with, and knocked all down that
+    resisted; and dragged them on board the Tender; but the Town
+    soon took the Alarm, and being headed by Paul Loyal, Esq; a
+    Magistrate, they endeavoured to convince Capt. Morgan of his
+    Error, and being deaf to all they said he ordered the People
+    in the Tender to fire on the Inhabitants, but they refused
+    to obey their Commanders Orders, and he was soon obliged to
+    fly, leaving some of the Hornets behind, who were sent to
+    Gaol, but were afterwards released.
+
+Mr. John Ashton, in his recently published work on "Social Life in
+England at the end of the Eighteenth Century," informs us that one
+evening in the year 1790, 2,100 men were pressed in London alone,
+besides many more at the seaport towns.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the summer of 1762 there was a severe drought in Massachusetts, and
+the Governor issued a proclamation recommending public prayers for rain;
+but it will be noticed that he says if rain should come before the day
+set apart for prayers, then, instead of humiliation, it would be the
+duty of the people to make it a day of thanksgiving. The proclamation
+referred to was published in the "Boston Post-Boy" of July 13, 1762.
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+                           By HIS EXCELLENCY
+
+                         FRANCIS BERNARD, Esq;
+
+    Captain-General and Governor in Chief, in and over His
+    Majesty's Province of _Massachusetts-Bay_ in _New-England_,
+    and Vice-Admiral of the same.
+
+                            A PROCLAMATION
+
+                    _For a Day of Public Prayer._
+
+    IT having pleased Almighty God to visit this Province with
+    another severe Drought, which, if it should continue much
+    longer, cannot fail of bringing great Distress upon the
+    Inhabitants thereof--We are again called upon to supplicate
+    the Interposition of Divine Providence to relieve this
+    Country from the imminent Danger with which it is threatned,
+    by dispensing timely and plentiful Rain.
+
+    I HAVE therefore thought fit to appoint, and I do, by and
+    with the Advice of His Majesty's Council, appoint Wednesday
+    the Twenty-eighth Day of this Instant _July_ to be a Day of
+    Public Prayer throughout the Province: Whereon the whole
+    People may as at one Time humble themselves before Almighty
+    God, acknowledging their great Unworthiness, and confessing
+    their manifold Sins, and imploring the Supreme Dispenser of
+    all Good, that He would be graciously pleased not to
+    with-hold from them the Fruits of the Earth, but by
+    seasonable and refreshing Rains bring what yet remains
+    undestroyed to a due and seasonable Maturity.
+
+    AND WHEREAS some Places have been exempted from the general
+    Want of Rain; and it is to be hoped that before the Day
+    appointed as aforesaid, many others, and possibly the whole
+    Province, may have a gracious and timely Relief: It will be
+    our Duty to intermix Thanksgiving with Humiliation, in such
+    a Manner as the State of the Province, and particular Parts
+    thereof, shall at that Time require.
+
+    And I do order the said Day to be observed as a Day set
+    apart for Religious Worship, and that no servile Labour or
+    Recreation be permitted thereon.
+
+    _GIVEN at the Council-Chamber in_ Boston, _the Ninth Day of_
+    July, 1762, _in the Second Year of the Reign of our
+    Sovereign Lord_ GEORGE _the Third, by the Grace of GOD, of_
+    Great-Britain, France, _and_ Ireland, _KING, Defender of the
+    Faith_, &c.
+
+
+                                                 _Fra. Bernard._
+
+    By His Excellency's Command,
+      A. OLIVER, Secr'y.
+        GOD Save the KING.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Fire-works to be "play'd off," Aug. 13, 1759. From the "Boston Gazette."
+
+    The Publick REJOICINGS in Town this Day, on Account of the
+    Success of His Majesty's Arms in the Reduction of
+    Ticonderoga, Niagara and Crown-Point, by the Troops under
+    the Command of the victorious General AMHERST, are now
+    beginning--A great Number of People have been employ'd in
+    making Fire-Works, &c. which will be play'd off this
+    Evening, when there will be a handsome illumination.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Post-Boy" of November 15 of that year prints the following:--
+
+                      NEW-YORK, November 15.
+
+    The Ships Manchester and Edward, that arrived here lately
+    from London, brought over no less than 206 Chests of Green
+    and Bohea Teas, for the different Merchants of this City.
+
+    Since our last two Vessels arrived here from Ireland, with
+    about 2000 Firkins of choice Irish Butter, which we hope
+    will bring down the Price of that Article.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We get an idea of men's clothing in 1767 from the following:--
+
+    _WHEREAS in the Time of Divine Service Yesterday, the House
+    of the Subscriber was broke open, and the following Things
+    stolen from thence, viz._ a Chocolate-colour Coat and Jacket
+    trim'd with Brass Buttons, a cloth-colour'd cut-velvet
+    Jacket with white Buttons, a pair Wash-Leather Breeches with
+    white Buttons, five Silver Tea-Spoons, and one large ditto,
+    mark'd G.P. _Whoever shall apprehend the Thief or Thieves,
+    so that he or they may be convicted, shall have FOUR DOLLARS
+    Reward, paid by_
+
+                                                  JOHN PRESCOTT.
+
+    Concord, September 14, 1767.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lectures were not common in the last century. It was not until within
+fifty or sixty years ago, when Lyceums began to be established, that the
+lecture system became developed.
+
+We find that in 1769 a Mr. Douglass lectured in Boston, according to an
+advertisement in the "Chronicle," August 17th.
+
+The well-known Colonel David Mason of the Revolution, who was a
+prominent figure among the patriots at Leslie's Retreat at the North
+Bridge in Salem in February, 1775, was one of the earliest, if not the
+very first, to lecture in Salem upon a scientific subject. In the "Essex
+Gazette," Jan. 15, 1771, we find his advertisement:--
+
+            _No longer than next Week, will
+        Continue to be exhibited, every Evening
+    in which the Air is dry, (Saturday and Sunday
+    excepted)_
+
+    A Course of Experiments in that instructive
+    and entertaining Branch of Natural PHILOSOPHY, called
+
+    =Electricity=,
+
+    To be accompanied with Methodical Lectures
+    on the Nature and Properties of that WONDERFUL ELEMENT,
+
+                     By David Mason,
+
+          At his Dwelling-House near the North Bridge.
+           The Course to consist of two Lectures,
+               At a Pistareen each Lecture.
+
+    As the Knowledge of Nature tends to enlarge the human Mind,
+    and give us more noble, more grand and exalted Ideas of the
+    AUTHOR of Nature, and if well pursued, seldom fails
+    producing something _useful_ to Man, 'tis hoped these
+    Lectures may be thought worthy of Regard and Encouragement.
+
+            _Tickets to be had at the above Place._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+             _Positively the LAST NIGHT._
+              =To-Morrow, being Friday,=
+                  _August 17, 1769._
+                   =Mr. Douglass,=
+                 _Will deliver the_
+                      _LECTURE_
+                         ON
+                      =HEADS,=
+          _Coats of Arms, Wigs, Ladies-head
+             Dresses,_ &c, &c, &c, &c.
+           After which, will be pronounced
+                  SOME SELECT PIECES
+                        From
+                 THE MOST CELEBRATED
+                    ENGLISH POETS.
+    *** Tickets for Admission, to be had of _Green_ and
+  _Russell_, and at the _Bunch of Grapes_ in King-Street.
+              _At_ HALF-a-DOLLAR each.
+            To begin exactly at 8 o'clock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Thus we see that Salem was early in the field of literature and science.
+Its citizens must take pride in remembering such great names as
+Nathaniel Bowditch, William H. Prescott, Joseph Story, Timothy
+Pickering, John Pickering, Benjamin Peirce, William W. Story, Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, and many others.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When we see the great waste of paper in these days,--handbills,
+circulars, and newspapers, which are blowing about the streets at
+times,--we sometimes wonder how it was in 1767, on October 19, when the
+following notice appeared in the "Boston Gazette."
+
+    --> _THIS is to give Notice, That on_ TUESDAY _the 27th
+    Instant, the Bell-Cart will go thro'_ Boston, _to collect
+    Linnen Rags for_ Milton _Paper-Mill; as the highest Price
+    will be given, all House-keepers and others are desired to
+    have them in Readiness.--And, as it appears that all Sorts
+    of Paper now to be imported, will come at a much higher
+    Price than usual--if People will but save their Rags, it
+    will not only be greatly interesting to the Public that the
+    aforesaid Mill should have a full Supply, but will also
+    encourage the manufacturing of all such different Sorts of
+    Paper as are generally used among us, and a little to spare
+    the neighbouring Governments._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Here are two notices,--the first, nearly eight years before the battle
+of Lexington, sounds warlike; the second is a call to promote greater
+economy on the part of the inhabitants.
+
+      _Messieurs_ EDES & GILL,
+
+    _Please to insert the following in your next._
+
+    IT is rumoured, and some say with great Probability, that a
+    Body of Troops are ordered to be in Readiness at Halifax, to
+    embark to any Part on the Continent of America, upon the
+    first Notice of Uneasiness at the Novelties we daily
+    expect.--It is as certain that America is also in Readiness
+    to defend their Liberties at the Risque of every Thing
+    else--there can be no Hesitation whenever the Alternative
+    shall be Slavery or Death--If therefore they wait to know
+    whether we will tamely submit to Slavery, the sooner the
+    Matter is bro't to a Crisis the better.----But while we have
+    any Opinion of the Integrity and good Sense of the
+    Parliament of G.B. such Reports will not easily gain Credit.
+    DETERMINATUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    The Freeholders and other Inhabitants of this Town, are to
+    meet at Faneuil-Hall, on Wednesday next, to consider and
+    agree upon some effectual Measures to promote Industry,
+    Oeconomy, and Manufactures, thereby to prevent the
+    unnecessary Importation of European Commodities, which
+    threaten the Country with Poverty and Ruin, &c.----
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Timothy Pickering, the father of the distinguished Revolutionary officer
+and statesman of the same name, addressed an open letter to King George
+III., which is printed in the "Salem Gazette," Oct. 31, 1769. It is a
+very quaint production, but it shows the writer's love of simplicity and
+downright honesty. He was a sturdy Puritan.
+
+                                              "Oct. 31, 1769.
+
+    "TO THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+    "GREAT SIR,--Your Kingdom is like a House divided against
+    itself. Something Extraordinary must be done. Our
+    Parliaments for fifty years past (or some of them) have
+    ruined the Nation, in making a monstrous Debt by hiring
+    Money, while greater Sums have been expended in Pride and
+    Luxury. Thirteen hundred Thousand Pounds Sterling, the
+    Public Prints tell us, is paid annually to the Dutch as
+    Interest money. My Advice is that all Rulers and Officers,
+    who have high Salaries, drop them, except so much as is
+    necessary for plain Living;--(Samuel had more Honour in his
+    plain Living with his upright Mind, than Saul had in all his
+    Princely Grandeur,)--And that all unnecessary Pensions cease
+    together with military Officers half-pay, (How Unequal are
+    our Ways: These Officers must have large Half-Pay, while the
+    common Soldiers are not allowed small Half-Pay--who have
+    been exposed generally to greater Hardships than their
+    Officers. Either let all have Half-Pay or none. The Soldiers
+    are to be respected as well as their Officers and are as
+    necessary,) and that high Taxes _very high_ be laid on all
+    Pride and Luxury, wherever it is found, the Clergy and the
+    Women not excepted; And that great Taxes be laid on the
+    Rich. I have an Income of but about eighty Pounds Sterling a
+    Year, including my own Hands Labour, nevertheless I am
+    freely willing to pay one quarter Part of it in Taxes till
+    my Public Debts are paid. Others that have Two hundred a
+    Year, can with Ease pay one half of it in Taxes, if need be.
+    _Pay thy Debts_; Owe no man anything is Law, _Divine and
+    Moral_. Immoral Men are in the road that leads to Hell; if
+    they attend Public Worship, they are Hypocrites, like the
+    Scribes and Pharisees, of whom _Christ_ said, Ye are of your
+    Father the Devil. If I understand the Apostle, when such Men
+    sit or kneel at a Communion Table, it is a Table of Devils
+    to them. Pray, Sir, tell your Placemen that the vast
+    Multitude of your Subjects are very uneasy that so much of
+    the Public Money, when raised is sunk in the Gulph of
+    Exhorbitancy. My Governor, Mr. Francis Bernard, demands a
+    thousand Pounds Sterling a Year; one half that Sum is more
+    than Enough, especially as the Nation is ready to sink with
+    the Weight of its Public Debt. The _Clergy_ can tell their
+    Congregations that the New Testament rather reproves than
+    commands the wearing of costly Array and faring sumptuously
+    every Day; And I may venture to tell my Readers that all
+    those who neglect taking a conscientious care to pay their
+    Debts, private Debts, as well as public, are in the high Way
+    to Destruction; the commonness of the Sin don't abate the
+    Malignity of it.
+
+    P.S. Your Majesty sees how diligent Governor Nehemiah was in
+    reforming what was amiss in Israel. He was obliged indeed to
+    contend with the Nobles and the Rulers who opposed him, but
+    he subdued them, and no wonder! Because he feared God and
+    not Man.
+
+    From a loyal Subject of my King and a sincere Friend to his
+    Kingdom.
+
+                                             TIMOTHY PICKERING.
+
+Mr. Pickering wrote a letter to his son, while the latter was a student
+at Harvard College, requesting him not to play at cards, a practice
+which he regarded as wicked. But the son (Colonel Timothy Pickering
+afterwards), as Mr. Upham, his biographer, well remarks, was altogether
+too busy with his studies to waste time over cards.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We do not observe in the old papers much that would indicate a belief in
+modern Spiritualism; but it would seem from some accounts that "angels"
+were occasionally seen. In the cases we quote, the kind of "angels" is
+not stated. Whether they were real live beauties, or not, can only be
+conjectured. Who would not now like to buy one of these books at "four
+Coppers," so as to read all about these angels?
+
+                        _THIS DAY PRINTED._
+
+          (And Sold by _Green & Russel_, in Queen-Street,)
+
+    A True & wounderful Relation of the Appearance of THREE
+    ANGELS, (cloathed in White Raiment) to a young Man at
+    _Medford_, near _Boston_, in _New-England_, on the 4th of
+    _February_ 1761, at Night. Together with the Substance of
+    the DISCOURSE, delivered by one of the Angels, from the 3d
+    Chapter of _Colossians_, and 4th Verse.
+
+                   [Price only four Coppers.]
+
+    --> Good Allowance to those that purchase by the Dozen.
+
+                           _Boston Gazette_, Feb. 18, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+About this time, also, "angels" made their appearance "at home"
+(England), as will be seen by another notice from the same paper.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                         This Day Published,
+
+       (_And Sold by_ Fowle & Draper, _in_ Marlboro'-Street.)
+
+    A full Relation of the surprizing Appearance of an Angel, in
+    the Parish-Church of Gainsbury in Lincolnshire, on
+    Christmas-Day last, in the Morning.--From whom was obtained
+    a Prophecy of many Things that should come to pass in
+    Europe; but more especially in England and France:--The
+    first of which Kingdoms is threatened with several Judgments
+    on Account of their great Misimprovement of peculiar
+    Priviledges: Whilst the latter, notwithstanding their
+    Endeavours to become great, shall be totally destroy'd by
+    Discord among themselves, &c. &c. The whole being a loud
+    Call to Repentance.--Published at the Request of the
+    Parishioners, and attested to by two Ministers, and three
+    Esquires.
+
+                                                        1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the "Boston Post-Boy" for Dec. 12, 1763, is an account of the
+dedication of the Synagogue in Newport, R.I.
+
+                    _NEWPORT, December 5._
+
+    _On Friday last, in the Afternoon, was the Dedication of the
+    new Synagogue, in this Town. It began by a handsome
+    Procession, in which were carried the Books of the Law, to
+    be deposited in the Ark. Several Portions of Scripture, and
+    of their Service, with a Prayer for the Royal Family, were
+    read, and finely sung by the Priest and People. There were
+    present many Gentlemen and Ladies. The Order and Decorum,
+    the Harmony and Solemnity of the Musick, together with a
+    handsome Assembly of People, in an Edifice the most perfect
+    of the Temple Kind perhaps in America, and splendidly
+    illuminated, could not but raise in the Mind a faint Idea of
+    the Majesty and Grandeur of the antient Jewish Worship
+    mentioned in Scripture._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We find by the "Salem Mercury" of March 30, 1789, that New Hackensack
+was fifty or sixty years before Rochester in "rappings" and
+"table-tippings." Who shall say that these manifestations, whatever they
+are, are not as old as man himself? The best and wisest of us do not
+know everything. There may be some science, yet in its infancy, which
+will some day be explained, so that all these things will then be
+perfectly understood. The account here given has no appearance of
+deception. Had the girl lived a hundred years earlier, she would in all
+probability have been hanged for a witch; but had she lived in these
+days, she might have reaped a harvest from lectures and seances.
+
+                     PHILADELPHIA, March 10.
+
+    _Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Fishkill, dated
+                        March 3, 1789._
+
+    "Were I to relate the many extraordinary accounts of the
+    unfortunate girl at New-Hackensack, your belief might,
+    perhaps, be staggered. I shall therefore only inform you of
+    what I was an eyewitness to. Last Sunday afternoon myself
+    and wife went to Dr. Thorn's, and after sitting sometime, we
+    heard a knocking under the feet of a young woman that lives
+    in the family; I asked the Doctor what occasioned the
+    noise--he could not tell, but replied, that he, together
+    with several others had examined the house, but were unable
+    to discover the cause. I then took a candle, and went with
+    the girl into the cellar--there the knocking also continued;
+    but as we were ascending the stairs to return, I heard a
+    prodigious rapping on each side, which alarmed me very much.
+    I stood still some time looking around with amazement, when
+    I beheld some lumber, which lay at the head of the stairs,
+    shake considerably. About eight or ten days after, we
+    visited the girl again--the knocking still continued, though
+    much louder. Our curiosity induced us to pay the third
+    visit, when the phenomena were still more alarming. I then
+    saw the chairs move; a large dining table was thrown against
+    me, and a small stand on which stood a candle, was tossed
+    up, and thrown in my wife's lap; after which we left the
+    house, much surprised at what we had seen."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Advertisements for runaway slaves are very numerous, as well as offers
+for the sale of single slaves. In some instances negro children are "to
+be given away." The following notices are taken from the "Boston
+Gazette" and the "Boston Post-Boy." The descriptions of dress, personal
+appearance, etc., are very curious.
+
+    RAN away from _Thomas Poynton_ of _Salem_, a Negro Fellow,
+    about 25 Years of Age, a short thick-set Fellow, not very
+    black, something pitted with the Small-Pox, speaks bad
+    English: Had on when he went away, a dark colour'd Cloth
+    Coat, lined with red Shalloon, with Mettal Buttons, a blue
+    Sailor's Jacket, and a flowered German Serge Jacket, black
+    knit Breeches, a Pair grey Stockings newly stock'd, an old
+    Beaver Hatt, and an old Drab Great Coat: Any Person that
+    shall take up said Negro, and convey him to _Salem_, or
+    secure him in any Gaol shall be well rewarded, and all
+    necessary Charges paid.
+
+    N.B. All Masters of Vessels and others are cautioned against
+    harbouring, concealing or carrying off the said Negro, as
+    they would avoid the Rigour of the Law.      THOMAS POYNTON.
+
+                                        _Gazette_, Feb. 4, 1766.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                         To be given away,
+
+    A Male Negro Child of a good Breed, and in good Health.
+    Inquire of Green and Russell.
+
+                                 _Post-Boy_, Feb. 28, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            TO BE SOLD.
+
+    A young Negro Woman about 20 Years of Age, born in this
+    Country, possess'd of many good Qualifications, is a very
+    good COOK, can handle her Needle well, and do every Kind of
+    Business about House, and sold only for want of Employ.
+    Enquire of Green & Russell.
+
+        --> She will not be sold out of this Town.
+
+                                    _Post-Boy_, Feb. 28, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    RAN away from his Master, _John Amiel_ of _Boston_, last
+    Thursday Night, a Negro Fellow named _Peer_, he had on when
+    he went away a cloth colour'd Coat, lin'd and trim'd with
+    red, a black broad cloth Waistcoat without sleeves, a yellow
+    pair of leather Breeches, a large pair of silver Buckels, and
+    a good Beaver Hat; he is a thick set Fellow, has very large
+    Feet and Legs, and speaks good _French_ and _English_.
+    Whoever will apprehend the said Negro and bring him to his
+    Master in _Boston_, shall have TWO DOLLARS Reward, and all
+    necessary Charges paid by                     _John Amiel._
+
+    All Masters of Vessels and others, are hereby forbid to
+    harbour, conceal or carry off said Negro Servant, as they
+    would avoid the penalty of the Law.
+
+        _Boston, May 2._
+
+                                    _Post-Boy_, May 10, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                           TO BE SOLD
+
+    A Negro Woman, about Twenty Eight Years of Age; she is
+    remarkably healthy, and strong, and several other good
+    Qualities; and is offer'd to Sale, for no other reason, than
+    her being of a furious Temper, and somewhat lazy; smart
+    Discipline, would make her a very good Servant. Any Person
+    minded to Purchase, may be further inform'd by enquiring of
+    the Printers.
+
+                                        _Gazette_, May 12, 1760.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+            _Newport, Rhode-Island, August 28, 1767._
+
+    Ran-away from _Benjamin Brenton_, a short thick Negro Man
+    named LONDON, has lost his Toes off both Feet. Whoever
+    brings said Negro to his Master, shall have EIGHT DOLLARS
+    Reward, and all Charges paid.
+
+                                            _Boston Gazette._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Boston, for aught we know, did as much in the slave-trade as Newport;
+possibly more. The numerous advertisements of "Prime Men and Boys" and
+"Parcels of likely Negroes" which appear about this time in the Boston
+papers rather indicate a considerable trade in slaves.
+
+
+                  JUST IMPORTED AND TO BE SOLD BY
+                            John Rowe,
+                          AT HIS STORE,
+
+    A few likely Negro Boys, and two Negro Men between 20 and 30
+    Years of Age. Also, Newcastle Coals, Lisbon and Salterduda
+    Salt, A few Pipes of MADEIRA WINES, also Fyal Wines, Quart
+    Bottles by the Groce--Hemp--Russia and Ravens Duck--English Duck
+    of all Numbers--Cordage Anchors--Oznabrigs--Ticklenburgs--Hooks
+    and Lines--Newcastle Crown Glass of all Sizes and in Sheets--ALSO,
+    Bristol Glass of all Sizes--All Sorts of Nails--Scotch Snuff,
+    and a variety of English and Scots Manufactures.
+
+                                   _Boston Post-Boy_, Dec. 19, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    Just Imported from _Africa_,
+           And to be Sold cheap at No. 5 _Butler's_ Row.
+
+    A few prime Men and Boys Slaves from the Gold Coast.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            TO BE SOLD,
+
+    A Parcel of likely Negroes, imported from _Africa_, Cheap
+    for Cash or Credit with Interest; enquire of _John Avery_ at
+    his House, next Door to the white Horse, or at a Store
+    adjoining to said _Avery's_ Distill House, at the South End,
+    near the South Market:--Also if any Persons have any Negroe
+    Men, strong and hearty, tho' not of the best moral
+    character, which are proper Subjects for Transportation, may
+    have an Exchange for small Negroes.
+
+                                          _Boston Gazette_, 1763
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                           JUST Imported,
+
+                           From _AFRICA_.
+
+    A Number of prime young _SLAVES_, from the Windward Coast,
+    and to be Sold on board Capt. _Gwin_ lying at New-Boston.
+
+                              _Boston Gazette_, July 13, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    To be sold, a parcel of likely hearty Negroes, both Male and
+    Female from Ten Years of Age to Twenty, imported the last
+    Week from _AFRICA_. Enquire of Capt. _Wickham_ on board the
+    Sloop _Diamond_, now laying at the Wharff adjoining to JOHN
+    AVERY'S Distill-House near the South Market, or of said
+    _Avery_ at his House next the White Horse.
+
+We have not been able to find that any of the inhabitants of Salem
+engaged in the slave-trade; but we notice that at a town-meeting held in
+the month of May, 1773, the following vote was passed: "That the
+Representatives of the Town be instructed to use their utmost Endeavours
+to prevent the future Importation of Negroes into this Province; their
+Slavery being repugnant to the natural Rights of Mankind and highly
+prejudicial to the Province." It is of course possible that some Salem
+people may have been interested in vessels hailing from other places and
+engaged in this nefarious traffic, as it is now considered.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Arrival of Irish servants at Boston in 1769.
+
+                    _Arrived from IRELAND,_
+
+    THE Ship King of Prussia, ARTHUR DARLEY, master, has on
+    board 30 Servants, some Tradesmen, viz. Taylors,
+    Shoe-makers, Smiths, Weavers, &c. the remainder Country lads
+    that understand Farming business.----His stay here will be
+    short, as he is bound to another Port.
+
+                               _Boston Chronicle_, September 25.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The celebrated revival preacher Rev. George Whitefield was in Boston in
+1764. We take the following item from the "Boston Post-Boy" of February
+24:--
+
+    At a Meeting of the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of the
+    Town of Boston on Friday last, it was voted unanimously,
+    That the Thanks of the Town be given the Rev. Mr. GEORGE
+    WHITEFIELD, for his charitable Care and Pains in collecting
+    a considerable Sum of Money in Great-Britain, for the
+    distressed Sufferers by the great Fire in Boston, 1760; and
+    a respectable Committee was appointed to wait on Mr.
+    WHITEFIELD to inform him of the Vote, and present him with a
+    Copy thereof, which Committee waited upon him accordingly,
+    and received the following Answer,
+
+      _Gentlemen,_
+
+    _This Vote of Thanks for so small an Instance of my
+    good-will to_ Boston, _as it was entirely unexpected, quite
+    surprizes me----Often have I been much concerned that I
+    could do no more upon such a distressing Occasion.----That
+    the Redeemer may ever preserve the Town from such like
+    melancholy Events, and sanctify their present afflictive
+    Circumstances to the spiritual Welfare of all its
+    Inhabitants, is the hearty Prayer of,_
+
+        Gentlemen,
+            Your ready Servant in our common LORD.
+                                         _GEORGE WHITEFIELD._
+
+    The Rev. Mr. WHITEFIELD preached on Tuesday and Saturday
+    last, at the Old South Meeting-House, to large and crouded
+    Auditories.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Marriage of Copley, the celebrated painter, from the "Chronicle," Nov.
+20, 1769.
+
+    Last Thursday Mr. _John Singleton Copley_ was married to
+    Miss _Sukey Clarke_ Daughter of _Richard Clarke_, Esq; and
+    Mr. _Joshua Henshaw_, jun. to Miss _Katherine Hill_,
+    Daughter of Col. _John Hill_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                           Thomas Britt
+
+    Would take a few young Ladies, _&c._ to teach them Spelling,
+    Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, at his School near the
+    Cornfield. ALSO, French taught and translated by said
+    _Britt_.
+
+                               _Boston Gazette_, April 27, 1767.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Where were or where was, as the case might be, the "Cornfields" or
+"Cornfield" of Boston in 1763? Martin Gay kept a store or lived near
+there, and in 1767 Master Britt kept a school for young ladies near the
+"Cornfield."
+
+                         Choice English Peas
+
+    at the North-Mills, TO BE SOLD, by the larger or smaller
+    Quantity, at a low Rate, Enquire of _William Paine_ at said
+    Mills, or of _Martin Gay_, near the Cornfields, _Boston_.
+
+                                                 Dec. 12, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When we remember the old pictures and portraits of stately ladies with
+high headdresses and gentlemen with wigs, the following advertisements
+are interesting:--
+
+                  Joshua Davis, _Peruke-Maker_.
+
+    HEREBY informs his Customers, and others, That he has
+    Remov'd his Shop from the Head of the Long Wharf, next the
+    Crown Coffee House, to the first Shop in Mackrell Lane, next
+    the Bunch of Grapes Tavern, where they may be serv'd with
+    Fidelity and Dispatch.
+
+    --> Said _Davis_ makes the neatest and most fashionable
+    Wiggs, at a moderate Rate.
+
+                                 _Boston Gazette_, Feb. 18, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    A genteel Gold Watch, made by _Marmaduke Storr_, to be Sold,
+    inquire of the Printers.
+                                                 Sept. 14, 1761.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    A few Genteel Grey and light Grey London-made WIGS, to be
+    sold by JOHN CROSBY, Periwig Maker near the Sign of the
+    Lamb, also Wig-makers Ribbons, Silk and Cauls, Bodyed
+    Grizle, and Grizle Hairs for cut Wigs, Bleach'd, Tye and
+    Brown Spencer Hairs, white Goat Hairs, white, black, and
+    brown Horse Hairs, Moy Crown Hairs, Cards and Brushes,
+    drawing Cards and Brushes, best Razors, purple Thread, Tupee
+    Irons, & Curling Tongs, Tupee Combs in Cases, Wig Blocks,
+    Silk Puffs, Hair, Powder, Shaving Boxes, & Brushes, wash
+    Ball Boxes, and wash Balls, London black Balls with Printed
+    directions, to use them very Nice, black Sattin Baggs for
+    the Hair, white, black, yellow; & Bear Grees, Pomatum
+    Excellent with their use to make Hair of a good Colour, & to
+    grow thicker, Gold & Silver Powders (so called) to clean
+    Gold and Silver Lace & Embroaderry.
+
+                               _Boston Post-Boy_, Dec. 12, 1763.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At fires, leather buckets were used by the inhabitants, and were
+sometimes lost or misplaced, as appears from the following
+advertisements from the "Boston Gazette":--
+
+    LOST at the late Fire on the 5th of November Inst. a Leather
+    Bucket, No. 2, mark'd _Wm. Hickling_: Whoever is taken up
+    the same, are desir'd to return it to the Owner, or the
+    Printers hereof.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _LOST at the Fire near Oliver's-Dock, on the 14th Day of
+    November last, a Pair of Leather Fire Buckets, mark'd_
+    Benj^a. Barnard, _and dated 1757. Whoever will give
+    Information, or bring them to the Printers hereof, shall be
+    handsomely Rewarded._
+
+                                                 Dec. 10, 1759.
+
+Within the writer's recollection, in nearly every house in Salem two or
+more fire-buckets, marked with the owner's name, were, when not in use,
+kept hanging in the front hall. At fires, lanes, as they were called, of
+men were formed, under the direction generally of the fire-wards, and
+water was passed from one to another and to the fire from some
+neighboring pump or cistern.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We see notices like the following of insurance offices; but they were
+principally for marine risks, as not many fire risks were taken before
+the beginning of the present century.
+
+                      _Hurd's_ Insurance-Office,
+
+               At the BUNCH OF GRAPES, STATE-STREET,
+                               BOSTON,
+
+    OPEN at all hours of business, where Policies of Insurance
+    are underwritten upon the most moderate premiums; and the
+    Gentlemen forming this Insurance Company, whose names are
+    inserted in each Policy, having established adequate Funds
+    for the ready payment of such losses as may happen, hereby
+    notify, that business will be done with all possible
+    attention, dispatch and punctuality, by
+
+                                                   JOHN HURD,
+
+    April 8, 1784.                        (Insurance Broker.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+             THIS is to inform all Gentlemen in Trade,
+                                That
+
+                       THE INSURANCE OFFICE
+
+    Lately kept in Ann-Street near the Town-Dock, by SAMUEL
+    PHILLIPS SAVAGE, is removed to the House of the Honorable
+    WILLIAM BRATTLE, Esq; next Door to the British Coffee-House,
+    King-Street: Where the Business of Insurance is carried on
+    as usual.
+
+    _Boston, December 6, 1759._
+
+With regard to policies, the term "under-writer" came from an old
+custom. There were in old times no joint-stock companies for insurance,
+but policies were filled out and left at an office kept by some person
+for the purpose, where any responsible man could sign his name to a
+particular policy and affix such sum as he was willing to risk, and thus
+become one of the "underwriters." We have seen, for instance, a policy
+for $20,000 with twelve or fifteen names of merchants, signed with
+various sums from $500 upwards.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A quaint notice of the death of Obadiah Brown, of Providence, from the
+"Boston Post-Boy":--
+
+                   _PROVIDENCE, June 21, 1762._
+
+    ON Thursday last died at his Seat in the Country, after two
+    Days Illness, OBADIAH BROWN, Esq; in the 50th Year of his
+    Age. He was one of the most considerable Men in this Town:
+    In the various Branches of Business which he carried on, his
+    Activity was unequalled, his Judgment and Prudence oftener
+    admired than imitated, his Honesty and Integrity fit to be
+    drawn into Example.--As a Magistrate, he was judicious,
+    grave, and reserved:--As a Friend, constant, open,
+    facetious, and cheerful:--In the Relations of a Husband,
+    Father, and Master, the deep and real Sorrow of his Widow,
+    the mournful Tears of his Children, and the unusual Cries
+    and Lamentations of his Servants, are invincible Proofs in
+    his Favour. His Beneficence is witnessed by the Sighs of the
+    Poor and Thanks of the Tradesmen: And his Death is
+    universally lamented, because his Life was universally
+    useful.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice of Hon. Daniel Russell, from the "Boston Gazette":--
+
+                             _Charlestown, December 10, 1763._
+
+    ON Tuesday last departed this Life, after a short Illness,
+    the Hon. DANIEL RUSSELL, Esq; who, for upwards of Twenty
+    Years, was a Member of his Majesty's Council for this
+    Province: He also served the Province as Commissioner of
+    Impost, and the County of Middlesex as Treasurer, for more
+    than fifty Years; in the Discharge of all which Offices,
+    such was his conscientious Fidelity and unsullied Integrity,
+    as procured him universal Approbation and Esteem.
+
+    In public and private Life, his whole Conduct was such as
+    evidently showed his invariable desire and endeavour to
+    preserve a Conscience void of Offence both towards God and
+    Man; and by the Rectitude of his Behaviour, to adorn and
+    recommend the holy Religion which he professed, and to
+    approve himself to the all-searching Eye of the Father of
+    Spirits.
+
+    His Memory is greatly honoured by all who were acquainted
+    with him, in whose esteem he was truly that "noblest Work of
+    God, _An honest Man_."
+
+    It is observable that in the several Offices which he
+    sustained, he succeeded his worthy Father and Grandfather;
+    both of whom held and discharged the same, for a great
+    Number of Years, with unspotted Reputation.
+
+    His Remains, we hear, will be inter'd on Monday next, on
+    which Day, had he lived, he would have entered the 79th Year
+    of his Age.
+
+             "The sweet Remembrance of the just
+             "Shall flourish when he sleeps in dust."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Account of the burial of Major-General Whitmore, from the "Boston
+Gazette":--
+
+                    BOSTON, _December 21, 1761_.
+
+    Wednesday afternoon the Corps of Major General WHITMORE was
+    interred in the King's Chapple with all the Honours that
+    this Town could give. The Procession went from the
+    Town-House to the King's Chapple in the following Manner; A
+    Party of the Troop of Horse Guards, the Company of Cadets,
+    the Officers of the Regiment of Militia, the officiating
+    Ministers, the Corps, the Pall supported by six regular
+    Officers, the chief Mourners, the Governor and Lieut.
+    Governor, the Council, the Judges, Justices, Ministers, and
+    principal Gentlemen of the Town, a great Number of Coaches
+    and Chariots following. During the whole Procession
+    Minute-Guns were fired. The Corps was placed in the Middle
+    of the King's Chapple whilst Part of the Funeral Service was
+    performed, and was from thence carried into the Vaults
+    below, and there interred. Whilst the last Service was
+    performing the Cadets fired three Vollies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice of Hon. John Erving, from the "Massachusetts Gazette," Aug. 22,
+1786:--
+
+    Died, last Sunday morning, in the 94th year of his age, the
+    Hon. JOHN ERVING, Esq. who, for twenty years, was a member
+    of the Council under the old constitution, and one of the
+    most eminent merchants in America.
+
+    As a man of probity, and strict honesty, he was universally
+    esteemed. Those who were acquainted with his character must
+    regret the loss of so worthy a member of the community. In
+    his domestick life he was a tender parent and kind
+    master.----His funeral will be this afternoon, precisely at
+    five o'clock, from his house in Tremont-street, where his
+    friends and acquaintance are desired to attend.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice of the death of Mrs. Elizabeth Salisbury, from the "Massachusetts
+Centinel," March 28, 1789:--
+
+    _Last Wednesday night departed this life, very suddenly,
+    Mrs._ ELIZABETH SALISBURY, _the amiable and virtuous Consort
+    of Mr. Samuel Salisbury of this town, merchant. Her funeral
+    will be from his house in Marlborough-street, this
+    afternoon--which her friends are desired to attend._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Boston Chronicle," March 8, 1770:--
+
+                            BOSTON.
+
+    For some days bye-past, there have been several affrays
+    between the inhabitants and the soldiers quartered in this
+    town.
+
+    Last Monday about 9 o'clock at night a most unfortunate
+    affair happened in King-street: The centinel posted at the
+    Custom-house, being surrounded by a number of people, called
+    to the main-guard, upon which Capt. Preston, who was Captain
+    of the day, with a party, went to his assistance: soon after
+    which some of the party fired, by which the following
+    persons were killed and wounded,
+
+    Mr. Samuel Gray, ropemaker, killed.--A Mollatto man, named
+    Johnson, killed.--Mr. James Caldwell, mate of Capt. Morton's
+    vessel, killed.--Mr. Samuel Maverick, wounded, and since
+    dead.--A Lad named Christopher Monk, wounded.--A lad named
+    John Clark, wounded.--Mr. Edward Payne, Merchant, standing
+    at his entry-door, wounded in the arm.--Mr. John Greene,
+    taylor, wounded.--Mr. Patrick Cole, wounded.--David Parker,
+    wounded.
+
+    Early next morning Captain Preston was committed to gaol,
+    and same day 8 soldiers.
+
+    A meeting of the inhabitants was called at Fanueil-hall that
+    forenoon: and the Lieutenant-Governor and Council met at the
+    Council-chamber, where the Colonels Dalrymple and Carr were
+    desired to attend, when it was concluded upon, that both
+    regiments should go down to the barracks at Castle-William,
+    as soon as they were ready to receive them.
+
+    _We decline at present, giving a more particular account of
+    this unhappy affair, as we hear the trial of the unfortunate
+    prisoners is to come on next week._
+
+This is all the "Boston Chronicle" has to say about that great
+historical event of the fifth of March, an event which stirred the whole
+country and filled the minds of the Colonists with a perfect hatred of
+the British power in America,--"The Boston Massacre." The editor of the
+paper was probably a Tory.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Massachusetts Gazette," Feb. 3, 1774, says:--
+
+    We hear that the Hon. JOHN HANCOCK, Esq; is appointed to
+    deliver the ORATION in Commemoration of the Bloody Tragedy
+    on the 5th of March.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Salem Gazette" has this item, March 7, 1782:--
+
+    Last Tuesday Mr. George R. Minot delivered an elegant and
+    spirited Oration, at the old brick meeting-house, in
+    commemoration of the horrid massacre perpetrated on the 5th
+    of March, 1770, by a banditti of the British tyrant's 29th
+    regiment.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It may not be of any consequence to the public to know what kind of coat
+Jonathan Williams wore in 1767, but it may be a matter of curiosity to
+his descendants now living. We take the following advertisement from the
+"Boston Gazette," Dec. 28, 1767:--
+
+    Whereas there has been taken out of the House of _Jonathan
+    Williams_ in Cornhill, two Great Coats, on the 23d Instant,
+    one of his own Wearing a cloth-coloured Drab; the other his
+    Servants, a blue Cloth ditto. Whoever has taken them, and
+    will return the former to said _Williams_, shall have the
+    latter _gratis_, and no Questions ask'd.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                            Notice.
+
+    Frequent applications being made to the Town-Cryer, to
+    proceed through the streets in search of Children that have
+    strayed from their home, which practice often excites
+    unnecessary alarm to the inhabitants.
+
+    The public are respectfully desired, in case of any
+    discovery of a child, or children so lost or strayed, to
+    bring them immediately to the subscriber at No. 71, Newbury
+    street.--By an attention to this regulation, Parents and
+    friends may have their anxiety relieved by applying as
+    above.
+
+                          SAMUEL ADAMS, _Town-Cryer_.
+
+                      _Constitutional Telegraph_, Aug. 8, 1800.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Masonic notice from Paul Revere and others, from the "Boston Post-Boy."
+
+    NOTICE is hereby given to the Brethren of the Antient and
+    Honorable Society of FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, That the
+    Feast of St. JOHN the BAPTIST will be Celebrated by the
+    Brethren of St. ANDREW'S Lodge, (duly authoriz'd,
+    constituted and appointed to be held at _Boston_, by the
+    Right Honorable, JOHN LORD ABERDOUR, Grand Master of
+    _Scotland_) on Thursday the 24th Instant, at the
+    Royal-Exchange Tavern in King-Street, Tickets to be had of
+
+                                   JOSEPH WEBB, jun.
+      _Boston, June 14, 1762._     PHILLIP LEWIS,
+                                   PAUL REVERE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The house of Copley, the celebrated painter, is thus advertised:--
+
+             _To be LET, and entered on immediately,_
+
+    THAT elegant, convenient, and most pleasantly situated
+    DWELLING-HOUSE, with a large Garden, and other Land about
+    it, (near his Excellency the Governour's) belonging to Mr.
+    COPLEY; well known to be completely accommodated for a
+    genteel family. Inquire of CHARLES PELHAM, (at the late
+    Dwelling-House of Mrs. PELHAM, at New-Boston) he being
+    impowered to let it.
+
+                                          _May 16, 1789._
+
+                                     _Massachusetts Centinel._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Antique luxuries.
+
+    WANTED, the following, viz. Fifteen Pair of WOOD DUCKS, Four
+    Pair of WILD GEESE, Three Pair of FLYING SQUIRRELS, Three
+    Dozen of the smallest Size Terrapeins or fresh Water
+    TURTLES, for which a good PRICE will be given, or for any
+    Part of them.----Enquire of the Printer.
+
+                                _Essex Gazette_, Feb. 21, 1771.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We do not see much in the papers about spinning-wheels until after the
+War of the Revolution; then there seemed to be what may be called a
+revival of domestic industry. In 1786 the ladies of Hartford, Conn.,
+formed an Economical Association. They say that they are "fully sensible
+that our calamities are in a great measure occasioned by the luxury and
+extravagance of individuals, and are of opinion that it is a duty they
+owe their country as well as their families to retrench as far as
+possible all unnecessary expenses." Their articles of agreement were
+signed, on the 6th of November, 1786, by more than a hundred ladies
+belonging to the first families in the city. By these articles they
+engage "not to purchase for next six months any Gauze, Ribbons, Lace,
+Feathers, Beaver-Hats, Silks, Muslins, and Chintzes, except only for
+weddings and mourning;" also to "dress their persons in the plainest
+manner and encourage industry, frugality, and neatness, giving all due
+preference to the manufactures of their own country." To this they add
+that "when they receive visits and make entertainments, it will be their
+study to avoid unnecessary expense, especially on foreign articles." On
+June 17 of that year the President of Harvard College addressed a
+letter to the "Massachusetts Gazette" which is interesting in this
+connection. This letter we copy to show how economy entered into
+everything, even a "liberal education." It will moreover be of interest
+because of the attempt made to regulate the students' dress.
+
+                                        UNIVERSITY IN CAMBRIDGE,
+                                               JUNE 17, 1786.
+
+    _To the Publisher of the Massachusetts_ Gazette.
+
+    EVERY proper attempt of the Governours of the University to
+    lessen the expense of a liberal education must be grateful
+    to the Publick, and meet with their hearty concurrence; the
+    Members of the Community, therefore, in general, and the
+    Parents and Guardians of the Students in particular, it is
+    not doubted, will be well pleased with some late
+    regulations, made by the Corporation and Overseers, to
+    introduce economy in dress, and will readily perform their
+    part, in carrying them into effect.
+
+    By ordering an uniform, the Governours of the Society have
+    removed the temptation to that frequent change of apparel,
+    which may have arisen from the liberty the Students have
+    had, of chusing different colours, from time to time: And by
+    entirely prohibiting silk (an unnecessary article in their
+    clothing) a very considerable expense is prevented.
+
+    That the dress of the Students be neat and decent is highly
+    proper; but that it should be very ornamental and expensive
+    is ever needless, and oftentimes pernicious: Nor will any
+    Student, who is solicitous to acquire knowledge, and
+    sincerely disposed to improve his time to the best
+    advantage, in obtaining such degrees of it, as may enable
+    him to be extensively useful to the Community, feel a
+    reluctance to economical institutions respecting dress. He
+    will not only esteem the ornaments of the mind of vastly
+    higher importance than those of the body, but the general
+    good will also constantly influence his conduct; and he will
+    chearfully encourage every regulation, which tends to
+    promote frugality.
+
+    The regulations referred to, I now transmit to you, which
+    the Corporation and Overseers of the University request you
+    to publish, for the information of all concerned.
+
+        I am, Sir, your humble servant,
+
+                                                JOSEPH WILLARD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+               _At a Meeting of the_ CORPORATION, _&c._
+                          JUNE 13, 1786.
+
+    WHEREAS the enjoining of an uniform colour, in the clothing
+    of the Undergraduates, and prohibiting a certain species of
+    materials, in their apparel, will have a great tendency to
+    lessen the expense of dress (which, at present, constitutes
+    too large a proportion of the Collegiate charges) while, at
+    the same time, the appearance will be more academical:
+
+    _Voted_, That it be recommended, that the Freshmen, who
+    shall be admitted into the University the present year,
+    before the end of the Summer Vacation, be provided with
+    coats of blue-gray, being a mixture of deep blue and white
+    wool, as nearly as may be, seven eighths of the blue, and
+    one eighth of the white, or, if that cannot conveniently be
+    obtained, of a dark blue colour,--and with waistcoats and
+    breeches of the same colour, or of a straw colour.
+
+    That, when they shall procure clothes, afterwards, and while
+    Undergraduates, their coats shall be of the colour first
+    mentioned, and their waistcoats and breeches of the same
+    colour, or of a straw colour.
+
+    That the Freshmen, who shall be admitted into the University
+    in the year 1787, and afterwards, shall be provided with
+    coats of the colour first mentioned, and with waistcoats and
+    breeches as last mentioned, and shall continue provided with
+    clothes of these specified colours while they remain
+    Undergraduates.
+
+    That all, who shall hereafter be admitted, when they
+    commence Sophimores, shall have the addition of frogs to the
+    button holes of their coats, the cuff of the sleeve to be
+    plain.
+
+    That when they commence Junior Sophisters, their coats shall
+    have the further addition of frogs on the
+    button-side,--continuing the plain cuff; and they shall also
+    provide themselves with black gowns, having a close sleeve
+    and slit cuff, to be made according to the direction of the
+    Corporation.
+
+    That, when they commence Senior Sophisters, they shall have
+    the further addition of buttons and frogs to the cuff of
+    their coat, and shall also have black gowns, with a wide
+    sleeve,--the mode to be determined by the Corporation.
+
+    That when they are admitted to the Bachelor's degree, they
+    shall appear in like gowns and clothes as are prescribed for
+    the Senior Sophisters.
+
+    That the Seniors and Juniors shall wear their black gowns,
+    on all publick occasions, and whenever they shall publickly
+    declaim in the Chapel.
+
+    That no Undergraduate, to whom these injunctions may extend,
+    be permitted to appear within the limits of the College, or
+    town of Cambridge, in any other dress than is before
+    described, unless he has on a night gown, or an outside
+    garment be necessary over his coat.
+
+    That no part of the dress of the Undergraduates be made of
+    silk;--and that it be recommended to them, to clothe
+    themselves in home manufactures, as far as may be.
+
+    That these regulations be extended to all who shall
+    hereafter be admitted into the University;--and that it be
+    recommended to such as are already Members, to conform
+    thereto, upon principles of economy, as far as may consist
+    with their present supply of clothing.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                     UNIVERSITY _in Cambridge, June 12, 1786_.
+
+         CANDIDATES for their second degree, at the next
+    Commencement, are notified, that it is expected that they
+    give their attendance at the University by the 12th day of
+    July; and if any should not attend by that time, they will
+    not receive their degree this year, unless they give
+    sufficient reasons for their absence.
+
+    They who desire admission into the University this year, are
+    also notified, that the President and Tutors will attend the
+    business of examination on Friday and Saturday, the 21st and
+    22d of July.
+
+                                      JOSEPH WILLARD, President.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1788 the industry of the people of Providence, R.I., is set forth in
+the following notice, from the "Salem Mercury" of November 25:
+
+                        AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
+
+    A Providence paper informs, that the Carding and Spinning
+    Machines used in England in manufacturing cotton stuffs, are
+    introducing into that town by some publick spirited
+    gentlemen--and that there are few families in that town
+    which are not manufacturing some kind of cloth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It appears from the "Columbian Centinel," July 14, 1790, that the
+wealthy of that day had a fondness for foreign articles.
+
+    Complaint is very prolifick in all countries. In the United
+    States we complain, that,
+
+    _Tho' rich at home, to foreign lands we stray,
+    And trade for trinkets our best wealth away._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following advertisement from the "Massachusetts Centinel" recalls
+the time when cows were pastured on Boston Common.
+
+    STRAYED, on Saturday last, from Boston Common, and belonging
+    to JONATHAN AMORY, a young red COW, with some white on the
+    back and belly, forehead white, small horns, with the tips
+    off. Whoever will bring her to the owner will be rewarded.
+
+    _Boston, May 24, 1788._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+People were expected to have long memories in old times, judging from
+the following notification in the "Boston Gazette" of 1760:--
+
+    WHEREAS on the 17th of January 1740-1, twenty-seven yards
+    and an half of yard-wide sheeting linnen, and some smaller
+    articles, was sold at Mr. _James Gordon's_ shop in _Boston_,
+    and deliver'd to one capt. _Stevens_, as appears by said
+    _Gordon's_ book; and thro' some mistake in keeping his
+    books, said articles are charg'd to another of the same
+    name. If therefore the said capt. _Stevens_, that really had
+    said goods, or any of his family, or others, can give any
+    light into the matter, it is desired they would acquaint the
+    printers hereof, and they shall be generously recompenced
+    for their trouble.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "small pox" was very troublesome in Colonial times, as this
+announcement from the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 2, 1761, shows:--
+
+    Samuel Parkman hereby informs his Customers and others, That
+    immediately on the breaking out of the Small-Pox in the back
+    Part of his House in Union Street, he removed his Shop Goods
+    to a Store on a Wharf that they may be safe from any
+    Infection, and himself to the House of Mr. Joshua Winter
+    Stationer--The Person who had the Distemper is perfectly
+    recovered, and departed the House some Days ago, and the
+    House thoroughly cleansed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following notice from the "Massachusetts Gazette" reminds us of the
+time of open fire-places and blazing, cheerful wood-fires:
+
+    THE SELECTMEN would inform the Town, that they have
+    _approbated_ a number of _Chimney-Sweepers_, who are
+    furnished with badges agreeable to the By-Laws, and have
+    stipulated to execute their business _faithfully_, at the
+    following rates, viz.--For lower-room chimnies, _fourteen
+    pence two fifths_, or _one pistareen_; and for _all_ chamber
+    chimnies, _one shilling_ each--that all concerned may govern
+    themselves accordingly.
+
+    _Boston, Sept. 21, 1786._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The spinning-wheel at Ipswich. From the "Columbian Centinel," June 7,
+1791.
+
+                       _For the_ CENTINEL.
+
+    THE PRINTER is requested to record it among the numerous
+    instances of female benevolence and harmony, which have been
+    exhibited in these times, and so well reprove the jarring
+    dissensions of the _men_--that at Ipswich, lately, at the
+    house of the Rev. Mr. DANA, a numerous band of ladies, in
+    harmonious concert, have again "laid their hands to the
+    spindle, and held the distaff," and presented the fruit of
+    their generous toil, 118 run of good yarn; viz. 88 linen, 30
+    cotton; the materials, provisions, and handsome attendance,
+    all furnished by themselves and those who joined with
+    them.--"_Give her of the fruit of her own hands, and let her
+    own works praise her in the gates._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Salem Mercury," April 28, 1787.
+
+    Not long ago a number of ladies belonging to the
+    Presbyterian society in Newbury-Port, assembled at the
+    Parsonage-house, with their spinning-wheels and other
+    utensils of industry, for the day, to the benefit of their
+    minister's family. The assembly having first united in the
+    solemn exercises of social worship, the business of the day
+    was opened. Every apartment in the house was full. The
+    musick of the spinning-wheel resounded from every room.
+    Benevolence was seen smiling in every countenance, and the
+    harmony of hearts surpassed even the harmony of wheels. The
+    labours of the day were concluded about 5 o'clock; when the
+    fair labourers presented Mrs. MURRAY with cotton and linen
+    yarn, of the best quality, amounting to 236 skeins.
+    Necessary refreshment being past, publick worship was
+    attended; and a discourse delivered, by the Rev. Mr. MURRAY,
+    to a large assembly, from Exodus 35, 25, _And all the women
+    that were wise-hearted did spin with their hands._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Salem Mercury," Feb. 6, 1787.
+
+    There is a young Miss in New-Haven, who will soon wear a
+    silk gown _of her own make_. Such noble industry ought to be
+    written in letters of gold. May the ladies profit by the
+    example--and may it soon be esteemed disreputable, by both
+    ladies and gentlemen, to wear any thick silk but of our own
+    manufacture.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An advertisement in the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 19, 1760, rather
+indicates that "searchers" sometimes exceeded their powers.
+
+    ALL Persons who within five Years past, have had any Shoes
+    or Boots, seiz'd and taken from them, in the Town of Boston,
+    by any of the Searches and Sealers of Leather there, for
+    being made of Leather unduly tann'd or curried, or on
+    Pretence thereof; are hereby notified to give or send in to
+    the Printers hereof, an Account in Writing, of the Number of
+    Shoes, &c. so taken from them, the Time when (as near as
+    they can) with the Name of the Person that seiz'd and took
+    them, and the Name of the Justice of Peace to whom Complaint
+    or Information was made concerning such Shoes, &c. by the
+    eighth Day of _March_ next, if they desire any Recompence
+    for the Injuries they have suffer'd by such Seizures.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1767 snuff was apparently of more importance, as merchandise, to say
+the least, than were Bibles and Testaments. In an advertisement it was
+printed in capitals, while the latter were in smaller type.
+
+                        Caleb Blanchard,
+
+                   In Union-Street, _BOSTON._
+
+    _HAS just Imported by Captain_ Rhodes _from_ London, _and
+                 Captain_ Bain _from_ Glasgow.
+
+    _A Great Variety of English, India, and Scotch GOODS,
+    suitable for all Seasons of the Year, which He sells at the
+    lowest Rates, by Wholesale or Retail, for Cash or
+    Treasurer's Notes._
+
+    N.B. _Kippen's and Tillich's SNUFF, Bibles and Testaments,
+    all Sorts of Stationary, &c. &c. &c._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                     _Boston, April 19th, 1788._
+
+    WHEREAS some person or persons have acted so villainous a
+    part, as to make use of my name in vending and selling Snuff
+    of a very bad quality; not only injuring me in my credit,
+    but cheating the purchaser, as the Snuff manufactured by me
+    is of the best kind, and which I always warrant to be such.
+
+    Some of the purchasers of said bad Snuff have brought the
+    same to me, supposing it to be really of my manufacture; but
+    upon examination, found it to be of a loose and dry kind,
+    and may be easily discovered.
+
+    Whoever will give information of the person or persons, who
+    thus impose on the publick, by making use of my name to
+    vend and sell such base Snuff, shall be handsomely rewarded,
+    by their humble servant,
+
+                                                   SIMON ELLIOT.
+
+    N.B. The publick are informed, that to prevent the above
+    deception, the advertisements on bladders of Snuff, in
+    future, will be altered from letter-press, to a copperplate
+    impression. (2m)
+
+                                       _Massachusetts Centinel._
+
+The habit of Snuff-taking was formerly very prevalent in New England, as
+well as elsewhere. Within the writer's recollection it was a very common
+thing to see the snuff-box passed round for friends to take a pinch.
+Very few now a days indulge in this uncleanly habit; but a recent
+traveller relates that on visiting St. Peter's in Rome, the first thing
+upon entering the church which attracted his attention was seeing the
+Pope take a pinch of snuff and then shake from his pocket a large
+old-fashioned bandanna handkerchief, which he applied to his nose. Many
+years ago a gentleman of Salem was questioned by a stranger about a
+certain man who happened to be an inveterate snuff-taker and who was at
+the same time greatly interested in free-masonry. "Yes," said the
+gentleman, "I know him."--"He's about one third masonry and two thirds
+snuff." Mr. Francis H. Lee, of Salem, has a curious collection of a
+hundred or more snuff-boxes of former generations. They are of various
+patterns; some are made of shell and tipped with silver, and look quite
+ancient. Simon Elliot, of Boston, and later Wm. Micklefield, of Salem,
+were famous snuff manufacturers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A curious snuff-box, advertised in the "Columbian Centinel," 1819.
+
+                             A CURIOSITY.
+
+    E. COPELAND, Jr., has for sale a most elegant Gold SNUFF BOX
+    set with Pearls, &c. It is about 21/2 inches long and from the
+    top a beautiful _little Bird_ rises at command and sings a
+    tune. The movements of the wings, beak, eyes, &c. are
+    perfectly natural, and all its motions while singing are in
+    complete unison with its notes. This is probably as
+    ingenious a piece of mechanism as was ever seen in this
+    town. It will be sold a great bargain.
+
+                                                       august 21
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In this connection we notice "Micklefield's Indian," as it was called, a
+well-known landmark in Salem half a century ago. Mr. Micklefield was
+much respected, and noted for his liberality and public spirit.
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+    THE Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the
+    public, that owing to the fall in prices of different Scents
+    and Stock in general, that compose the article of Snuff, he
+    is thereby enabled to sell his different kinds,
+    viz.--Maccoboy, Scented and Plain Rappee and Scotch
+
+                            SNUFFS,
+
+    at a much lower price than heretofore.--Traders in the
+    neighboring towns that deal in those articles are
+    particularly solicited to call at his Store, sign of the
+    _Indian Chief_, corner of Central and Front streets, where
+    they can purchase at very low prices, and warranted of the
+    first quality.                                       ALSO,
+
+    Spanish, half Spanish and common
+
+                              CIGARS,
+
+    Cavendish, Ladies' Twist, Pigtail, and all kinds of
+    Manufactured
+
+                           TOBACCO,
+
+    wholesale and retail.
+
+                                      WM. MICKLEFIELD.
+
+    Salem, Jan. 18, 1827.                      tf
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the "Salem Mercury," Nov. 25, 1788.
+
+    S. Breck, Esq. member of the House of Representatives for
+    Boston, appears in his seat with a complete suit of American
+    manufactured broadcloth, of an elegant colour.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+About 1787 and 1788, spinning-wheel meetings seem to have been very
+popular. We copy notices of meetings of young ladies in Attleboro',
+Dighton, Gloucester, Rehoboth, Mass., and Providence and Johnston, R.I.,
+all from the "Salem Mercury."
+
+    ATTLEBORO', _June 20_. Yesterday, 63 respectable young
+    ladies, belonging to this town, asslembled, at 2 o'clock,
+    P.M. at the house of Mr. Daniel Balkum, and, to the surprise
+    and great satisfaction of all the friends to industry, spun,
+    before sunset, 199 skeins of excellent linen yarn. Industry
+    is the genuine source of all laudable pleasure. On it depend
+    all the conveniences of life. Health, the greatest of
+    blessings, depends on industry--beauty, on health. If
+    ladies, then, wish to be beautiful, they must be
+    industrious; they must animate their countenances with that
+    blooming health which comes from the SPINNING-WHEEL. The
+    fair sex, when rightly and industriously employed, are
+    justly termed the beauty of this lower creation. Beauty
+    without virtue is contemptible. Merit only gains the heart.
+    Idleness is disgraceful. Industry is the ornament of wealth,
+    the support and consolation of poverty. We hope soon to see
+    the time, when the fair daughters of America will be clothed
+    in the manufactures of their own hands. Happy are we, that
+    some have already set the example. May it never be said,
+    that American ladies rise 15 minutes later than the sun. May
+    they ever have thread enough in their hands to make a halter
+    for a Shays.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    On Tuesday last, thirteen young ladies assembled, with their
+    spinning-wheels, at the house of Mr. Joseph Whipple, in
+    North-Providence, and, between the hours of eight in the
+    morning and six in the afternoon, completed fifty skeins of
+    excellent linen yarn.
+
+                                                  July 1, 1788.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    The spinning-wheel, a few years ago imprudently neglected,
+    begins to be held in general reputation by the Fair; and the
+    exploits of some on that useful machine, are deservedly
+    celebrated, as worthy of imitation. To those good works of
+    female industry may be added the singular attachment of two
+    young ladies in Dighton, who spun, the 11th instant, between
+    the rising and setting of the sun, thirteen skeins and
+    eleven lees of good linen yarn; one six skeins and seven,
+    and the other seven skeins and four lees. The spirit of
+    industry is becoming more prevalent, especially among the
+    fair sex. They begin to lay aside their useless and idle
+    visits, or, at least, make them less frequent. When persons
+    become more industrious and mind their own business, they
+    talk less, and to better purpose; they become more
+    contented, and the world around them is more peaceable and
+    happy.
+
+                           _Providence Gazette_, July 1, 1788.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    PROVIDENCE, _May 24_. On the 7th inst. 71 ladies met at the
+    house of the Rev. Mr. Ellis, in Rehoboth, and lodged 187
+    skeins of good linen yarn, which they had spun for Mrs.
+    Ellis; and others have since added 31. Solomon, in
+    describing a virtuous woman, says, "She seeketh wool and
+    flax, and worketh willingly with her hands.--She layeth her
+    hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff."
+    Industry is certainly a virtue, which, while it adorns,
+    enriches, society; it banishes the languid hue from the
+    countenances of the fair, and adds vigour and vivacity to
+    the mind.--The spirited exertions that the daughters of
+    Columbia are making, to manufacture our wool and flax, which
+    are necessary for our consumption, are praise-worthy, and
+    demand the approbation and assistance of every true patriot.
+    We flatter ourselves with the pleasing expectation of seeing
+    the virtuous fair clothed and ornamented in the genuine
+    productions of their own labour.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    We hear from Gloucester, that on Thursday last nearly thirty
+    young ladies, inspired with the love of industry, asslembled
+    at the house of Capt. Philemon Haskell, for the
+    praise-worthy purpose of a Federal Spinning Match, when, to
+    their honour, their spirited exertion produced 99 skeins of
+    excellent yarn--practically declaring, that they neither
+    laboured in vain or spent their strength for nought. The day
+    thus industriously concluded, finished not the harmony of
+    their federalism; in the evening, to crown the pleasure of
+    the day, with additional company, they regaled with an
+    agreeable dance, and, at a modest hour, parted in love and
+    friendship, with hearts convivial as they met, leaving
+    others to admire their female patriotism, and to go and do
+    likewise.
+
+    In Scotland, the farmers knit as well as the women of their
+    families; but they do this while they are watching their
+    sheep or cattle, or while they are sitting by their evening
+    fire in winter. Why cannot our American farmers and their
+    sons adopt this frugal practice? Time is the most precious
+    thing in the world. Its very fragments should be saved.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    PROVIDENCE, MAY 17. Monday last, eighteen young ladies
+    assembled, with their spinning-wheels, at the house of
+    Captain Jonathan Treadwell, and spun 40 skeins of good linen
+    yarn.
+
+    MAY 22. A correspondent desires us to mention, that at
+    Johnston, a few days since, four industrious young ladies,
+    by "laying their fingers to the spindle, and their hands to
+    the distaff," completed, in one day, the spinning and
+    reeling of 21 fifteen-knotted skeins of good linen yarn.
+    Would to God, that the Gentlemen at the head of our
+    political affairs in this State, were half so zealous in
+    encouraging our own manufactures, as the fair sex are; who,
+    at present, deservedly bear the palm, as friends to their
+    country.
+
+    "SPINNING BEE. On the 1st inst. assembled at the house of
+    the Rev. Samuel Deane of this town, more than one hundred of
+    the fair sex, married and single ladies, most of whom, were
+    skilled in the important art of spinning. An emulous
+    industry was never more apparent than in this beautiful
+    assembly. The majority of fair hands gave motion to not less
+    than sixty wheels. Many were occupied in preparing the
+    materials, besides those who attended to the entertainment
+    of the rest,--provision for which was mostly presented by
+    the guests themselves, or sent in by other generous
+    promoters of the exhibition, as were also the materials for
+    the work. Near the close of the day Mrs. Deane was presented
+    by the company, with two hundred and thirty-six,
+    seven-knotted skeins of excellent cotton and linen yarn, the
+    work of the day, excepting about a dozen skeins, which some
+    of the company brought in ready spun. Some had spun six and
+    many not less than five skeins apiece. She takes this
+    opportunity of returning thanks to each, which the hurry of
+    the day rendered impracticable at the time. To conclude and
+    crown the day, a numerous band of the best singers attended
+    in the evening and performed an agreeable variety of
+    excellent pieces in psalmody. "The price of a virtuous woman
+    is far above rubies, * * * She layeth her hands to the
+    spindle and her hands hold the distaff."
+
+    _Cumberland_ (Portland, Me.) _Gazette_, May 8, 1788, copied
+    by EDW. H. ELWELL, Esq., editor of the _Transcript_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When spinning-wheels ceased to be used altogether, we are not able to
+say. Probably they were not in use for any great length of time after
+the opening of the present century; but possibly in some country places
+they were used down to the time of the War of 1812, and even later. We
+are informed that in some remote places in Rhode Island and in Maine
+spinning-wheels are in use to this day; but these are exceptional cases.
+
+The "Massachusetts Centinel," April 30, 1788, has this advertisement:--
+
+    [Illustration]
+
+                            WILLIAM SCOTT,
+                    At the Sign of the SPINNING
+                                WHEEL,
+                      In MARLBOROUGH.STREET,
+              (_Resolving to quit Trade in the Fall_)
+                          WILL sell all his
+                          GOODS on hand at
+                      the STERLING COST and
+                      CHARGES. Among which are,
+      Some elegant _Mersailles_ Bed-Quilts, _Mersailles_
+      Quilting in pieces, Irish Linens, Gauzes,
+      Shawls and Lustrings of a superiour quality, &c, &c.
+
+        A large quantity of silk Gloves, Mitts and Fans
+                  --> _CASH for POT-ASHES._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE following very curious notice in the "Massachusetts Centinel" in
+reference to funerals shows what had been customary upon such occasions;
+the object of these "wholesome regulations" seemed to be to induce
+economy. Gloves and rings were given to mourners in Salem to within the
+last fifty or sixty years, and wines or liquors were also furnished.
+
+                           _TAKE NOTICE._
+
+    AN economical plan of mourning was adopted, before the
+    Revolution, and its salutary effects have been experienced
+    by almost every family in this town; since which those
+    wholesome regulations have been passed into a law:
+    Notwithstanding which, it has lately been broken in upon in
+    several instances.--The _Inspectors of the Police_--that no
+    one may hereafter plead ignorance, have caused the law
+    respecting the same to be published, and give notice, that
+    any future breach of it, will be prosecuted without any
+    favour or affection.              _Boston, April 30, 1788._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _To prevent excess and vain expense, in Mourning, &c._
+
+    IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, That in future no scarfs, gloves or
+    rings shall be given at any funeral in this town, nor shall
+    any wine, rum, or other spirituous liquor, be allowed or
+    given at, or immediately before or after, any funeral in
+    this town, under pain that the person or persons giving,
+    allowing or ordering the same shall respectively forfeit and
+    pay the sum of _twenty shillings_ for each offence.
+
+    _And it is further ordered_, That whatever male person shall
+    appear or walk in the procession of any funeral in this town
+    with any new mourning or new black or other new mourning
+    coat or waistcoat, or with any other new black apparel, save
+    and except a black crape around one arm, or shall afterwards
+    on account of the decease of any relation, or other person
+    or persons, put on and wear any other mourning than such
+    piece of black crape around one arm, shall forfeit and pay
+    the sum of _twenty shillings_ for every day he shall put on
+    and wear or appear in the same.
+
+    AND no female, of whatsoever degree, shall put on, wear or
+    appear at any funeral in this town, in any other mourning or
+    new black clothes whatever, other than a black hat or
+    bonnet, black gloves, black ribbons and a black fan, on pain
+    to forfeit and pay the sum of _twenty shillings_; and also
+    forfeit and pay a like sum of _twenty shillings_ for every
+    day she shall at any time at, or after such funeral, put on
+    wear or appear in such new black clothes, as or for
+    mourning, other than black hat, bonnet, black gloves, black
+    ribbons, and a black fan as aforesaid.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In 1790 the town of Salem published in the papers some regulations about
+funerals; among the fees fixed were these:--
+
+    "For each Tolling of the Bell 8d."
+
+    "The sextons are desired to toll the Bells only four strokes
+    in a minute."
+
+    "The undertakers service in borrowing chairs, waiting upon
+    the Pall-holders and warning the Relations &c. to attend
+    8/."
+
+    "B. Daland and B. Brown are appointed by the Selectmen to
+    see that Free Passages in the streets are kept open." (This
+    was before carriages were used at funerals.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+        Extracts from Mr. Colman's Agricultural Address.
+
+                 MANUFACTORIES AND THE SPINNING
+                            WHEEL.
+
+    "The establishment of extensive manufactories, and the
+    introduction of power-looms and spinning-jennies, has nearly
+    destroyed the usual household manufactures, and put our
+    other Jennies out of employment. Our ears are seldom greeted
+    now a days in the farmer's cottage with the flying of the
+    shuttle, or the deep base of the spinning wheel. We confess
+    that we have looked upon their departure with a strong
+    feeling of regret; and deem it no small abatement of the
+    advantages, which the establishment of extensive
+    manufactures has obviously yielded to the country, that it
+    removes the daughter from the shelter and security of the
+    paternal roof, and places her in a situation, which
+    certainly furnishes no means of qualifying her for the
+    proper department of woman; to preside over our domestic
+    establishments; to perform her part in the joint labors of
+    the household; and to know how and when and where to use,
+    prepare, and to apply to the best advantage within doors,
+    the products of man's labor without doors. Many occupations
+    of female industry, strictly domestic however, of a healthy
+    and agreeable nature, are constantly presenting themselves,
+    so that there is little danger that the race of industrious
+    women, and accomplished wives, at least among the country
+    girls, will soon be extinct; and the silk culture, fast
+    gaining ground among us, promises to furnish an unexhausted
+    resource and a profitable employment of female labor."
+
+                                        _Salem Observer_, 1834.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In one of the numbers of the London "Spectator" for 1884 is an
+interesting account of an attempt to revive the spinning-wheel industry
+in England, through the kind offices of Mr. Albert Flemming, for the
+purpose of helping poor women too old or blind to leave their homes for
+other work. After considerable difficulty, a wheel was discovered among
+a store of ancient articles; but no one at first knew how to use it.
+Spinning was one of the lost arts, apparently. At length, however, an
+old woman of eighty-four was found who understood the use of the wheel.
+She taught Mr. Flemming how to spin. A few more old wheels were found,
+and some new ones constructed. Then it was some time before a loom could
+be discovered. Eventually this was accomplished, and the art of weaving
+taught. The account says that twenty women who were unable otherwise to
+obtain a living, are now busily at work, happy in being able to provide
+for their families. They make, it may be added, a good strong, honest
+linen, specimens of which have been presented to Mr. Ruskin. This
+account is substantially from the "Living Age," Nov. 1, 1884.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+            University Press: John Wilson & Son, Cambridge.
+
+
+    Transcriber's notes:
+
+    These are mainly excerpts from Newspapers. Original spelling was
+    not corrected.
+
+    Text version
+    *** Represents Inverted Asterism
+    --> Represents Right Index
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Olden Time Series: Vol. 2: The
+Days of the Spinning-Wheel in New England, by Henry M. Brooks
+
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