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diff --git a/22378-8.txt b/22378-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cec5636 --- /dev/null +++ b/22378-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,712 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Cervantes e Portugal, by Carlos Barroso + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Cervantes e Portugal + curiosidade litteraria + +Author: Carlos Barroso + +Release Date: August 23, 2007 [EBook #22378] + +Language: Portuguese + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CERVANTES E PORTUGAL *** + + + + +Produced by Rita Farinha and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by National +Library of Portugal (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal).) + + + + + + + + + +CERVANTES E PORTUGAL + +CURIOSIDADE LITTERARIA + +POR + +CARLOS BARROSO + + +DEDICADA AO RESPEITAVEL DR. E. W. THEBUSSËM BARÃO DE THIRMENTH + + +LISBOA +ANNO 325 DO NASCIMENTO DO AUTOR DE D. QUIXOTE + + + + +CERVANTES E PORTUGAL + + Los libros de caballería son la protesta contra el feudalismo, y + Cervantes la gran estátua que corona el renacimiento. + + Emilio Castelar. + + +Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra appellidado por seus compatriotas, o _Manco +de Lepanto_, por ter sido mutilado n'aquelle celebre combate naval, +segundo consta de sua biographia veio a Lisboa com Phelippe II em 1581 +onde se namorou de certa dama incognita e de quem teve uma filha, cujo +nome foi Isabel de Saavedra. Suppõe-se que seus amores na côrte lusitana +lhe inspiraram a linda novella pastoril da _Galatea_, onde o autor +figura disfarçado no pegureiro Lauso que suspira pela formosa pastora +Silena. O escriptor de tão bello idyllio assistiu á tomada das Ilhas +Terceiras pelo marquez de Santa Cruz. + + * * * * * + +Começarei as minhas investigações pelo prologo do famoso poema critico +_D. Quijote_. + +Alli dedica Cervantes um merecido elogio ao famoso rio Tejo que beija as +praias da inclita cidade de Ulysses, e cujas arêas consta da tradicção +serem de ouro. + +Percorrendo esta obra digna de ser lida por todos os que se prezam de +verdadeiros litteratos, deparamos no capitulo 6.^o da sua 1.^a parte, +que entre os livros que adornavam a bibliotheca do engenhoso fidalgo, se +encontraram além de outros de autores portuguezes o _Palmeirim de +Inglaterra_, cuja composição se attribue a um _discreto_ rei de +Portugal, e tambem a _Diana_ de Jorge de Montemayor. + +Quando o Heroe da Mancha exalta a imaginaria gerarquia da senhora de +seus pensamentos D. Dulcinea do Taboso, afirma que não é oriunda de +outras familias celeberrimas de Hespanha que menciona, nem mesmo dos +Alencastros, Pallas e Menezes de Portugal. + +O pastor Lope Ruiz, com cuja historia entretem Sancho Pança o seu +temerario amo, ao fugir da ingrata Torralva, detem-se nas margens do +Guadiana antes de passar com seu rebanho para Portugal. + +O reino da princeza Micomicona era maior que Portugal e Castella juntos. + +Na 2.^a parte, suppõe o escudeiro de D. Quixote que mais de 12:000 +exemplares da historia de seu valente patrão, se achavam n'aquelle tempo +impressos, e afirma como testemunhas do que refere a Portugal, Barcelona +e Valencia. + +O rio Guadiana entra _pomposo_ e _grande_ em Portugal. + +Na profunda e tenebrosa cova de Montesinos promette o _caballero de los +leones_ á sua phantastica amante, andar por causa d'ella as sete +partidas do mundo com mais pontualidade que o infante D. Pedro de +Portugal. + +Para provar a verdade da existencia dos cavalheiros andantes, diz o da +Triste Figura ao conego de Toledo: «Si no diganme tambien que no es +verdad que fué caballero andante el valiente lusitano Juan de Merlo, que +fué á Borgoña, y se combatió en la ciudad de Ras con el famoso señor de +Charny, llamado Mosen Enrique de Remestan, saliendo de entrambas +empresas vencedor y lleno de honrosa fama.» + +Era do _excelentisimo_ Camões uma das eclogas que haviam de representar +as pastoras em cujas redes se embaraçou o pensativo escravo de Dulcinea. + + * * * * * + +Passando do primor de Cervantes á sua quasi rival Galatea, lê-se que o +pae da linda heroina das margens do aurifero Tejo, intenta prendel-a com +os laços de hymineo a um pastor lusitano das ribeiras do deleitoso Lima. +Que bellos são os versos da apaixonada amante de Erastro quando ao +despedir-se do seu dourado rio, canta: + + «¡Que tengo de despedirme + De ver el Tajo dorado! + ¡Que ha de quedar mi ganado, + Y yo triste he de partirme!» + +É pena que tão deslumbrante producção ficasse por acabar e que o leitor +ignore se os zagaes do manso Henares chegaram a rechassar o pastor +estranho. + + * * * * * + +Passemos ás _Novellas Exemplares_. + +Na da _Hespanhola ingleza_, Ricaredo depois de separar-se de Isabella, +seguindo a derrota das Ilhas Terceiras, em que sempre se encontravam +navios portuguezes das Indias Orientaes, approxima-se com effeito de um +carregado de especiarias e de tantas perolas e diamantes, que valiam +mais de um milhão de ouro, e levava trezentas pessoas, ao qual abastece +de artilheria por tel-a alijado durante uma tespestade. + +Quando Isabella parte para Hespanha, promette o capitão do baixel á +rainha de Inglaterra de aportar a Lisboa, Cadix ou Sevilha. + +No _Licenciado Vidraça_ observa-se a anecdota do portuguez que pintava +as barbas de negro, o qual altercando com um castelhano disse-lhe: «por +estas barbas que tenho no rosto», a quem redarguiu o licenceado: «não +digaes tenho, dizei _tiño_ (palavra hespanhola que em portuguez equivale +a _tinjo_). + +Na _Força do sangue_, o arrebatador da honra de Leocadia afim que ella +para o futuro o desconhecesse inteiramente, ao deixal-a com os olhos +vendados junto á egreja da praça, muda a voz e annuncia-lhe em lingua +meio portugueza e meio castelhana, que póde d'alli ir para casa de seus +paes. + +No _Zelloso extremenho_, diz Loaysa ao negro guarda da jovem esposa do +velho Carrizales, que sabia cantigas capazes de fazer pasmar até aos +portuguezes. + +A negra Guiomar era portugueza. + +No _Colloquio dos cães_, Berganza vitupera os que fallando mal o latim +introduzem sua ruim linguagem qual cobre dourado nas conversações +eruditas, como os portuguezes fazem com os pretos de Guiné. + +Na _Tia fingida_, ha a seguinte phrase que acho muito graciosa: «á poco +rato vieron venir una reverenda matrona, con unas tocas blancas como la +nieve, mas largas que sobrepelliz de canónigo portugués.» + +Ao descrever-se na mesma novella o caracter de todos os povos da +peninsula, tambem se menciona o dos portuguezes, ainda que de um modo +pouco lisongeiro. + + * * * * * + +É em Lisboa que o barbaro hespanhol embarca para Inglaterra. + +Em lingua portugueza canta o namorado Manuel de Sousa Coutinho seus +amores por que morre depois de os relatar, e cuja narração occupa todo o +capitulo X do livro I dos _Trabalhos de Persiles e Segismunda_. + +Na interessantissima parte 3.^a dos mesmos presenceamos a chegada a +Portugal e desembarque dos viajantes na praia de Belem, d'onde se +dirigem á _famosa_ Lisboa, cujos ricos templos e hospitaes são +celebrados. A seguinte passagem merece ser lida em seu primitivo idioma: +«aqui el amor y la honestidad se dan las manos, y se pasean juntos; la +cortesía no deja que se le llegue la arrogancia, y la braveza no +consiente que se le acerque la cobardía: todos sus moradores son +agradables, son corteses, son liberales y son enamorados, porque son +discretos: la ciudad es la mayor de Europa y la de mayores tratos; en +ella se descargan las riquezas del Oriente y desde ella se reparten por +el universo; su puerto es capaz, no solo de naves que se puedan reducir +á número, sino de selvas movibles de árboles que los de las naves +forman: la hermosura de las mujeres admira y enamora, la bizarría de los +hombres pasma, como ellos dicen; finalmente, esta es la tierra que da al +cielo santo y copiosísimo tributo.» + +Em S. Julião, que no original se vê escripto _Sangian_, é revistado o +navio em que vinham os peregrinos. A formosura de Auristela e a +galhardia de Periandro são o alvo da admiração do governador do castello +e de seus habitantes. + +Não se esquecem os devotos peregrinos de visitar o historico mosteiro de +Santa Maria, e dirigindo-se depois por terra á capital, constantemente +acompanhados _de plebeya y cortesana gente_ encontram-se por acaso com +um dos vinte fugitivos da ilha selvagem, que tendo presenceado a morte +do desditoso Coutinho, volvera á patria, e dera conta do successo aos +parentes do fallescido, que o accreditaram _por tener casi en costumbre +el morir de amores los portugueses_, mandando depois d'esta noticia +fabricar um tumulo de marmore branco, e como se n'elle estivesse +enterrado, applicou-lhe seu irmão uma lapide na qual se lia a seguinte +inscripção em portuguez, que traduzida do castelhano reza assim: + + AQUI JAZ VIVA A MEMORIA + DO JÁ MORTO + MANUEL DE SOUSA COUTINHO, + CAVALHEIRO PORTUGUEZ, +QUE SE NÃO FOSSE PORTUGUEZ AINDA VIVERA. + NÃO MORREU ÁS MÃOS + DE NENHUM CASTELHANO, + MAS SIM ÁS DO AMOR, QUE TUDO PÓCE; + PROCURA SABER SUA VIDA, + E INVEJARÁS SUA MORTE, + PASSAGEIRO. + +O qual lido por Periandro confirmou que excede na composição de +epitaphios a gente da nação portugueza. + +O cavalleiro que entrega o menino recemnascido a Ricla, diz-lhe que seus +inimigos o perseguem, e que se por alli passarem e lhe perguntarem por +elle, diga-lhes que apenas tinha visto tres ou quatro homens a cavallo +que iam gritando _á Portugal, á Portugal_. + +Mais adiante conta o polaco as suas aventuras em Lisboa, onde +inopinadamente mata certo fidalgo, filho de uma senhora, em cuja casa se +refugia o assassino para subtrahir-se á justiça; a mãe do assassinado +sem saber do caso, esconde-o por detraz dos tapetes de sua mesma alcova, +tem a generosidade de não o entregar á justiça depois de saber do crime +que o seu protegido havia commettido, e para não faltar á hospitalidade +perdôa-lhe, e dá-lhe fuga pela porta occulta de seu jardim. + +Ao fallar Cervantes de Valencia e de suas lindas mulheres, diz que é +gracioso o dialecto valenciano, e que só com o idioma portuguez _puede +competir en ser dulce y agradable_. + +O sumptuoso palacio de Manases em que se hospedaram os peregrinos em +Roma achava-se situado junto ao arco de Portugal. + +Emfim, o retrato da bellissima Auristela feito em Lisboa por um pintor +portuguez, foi por outro pintor comprado em França e d'alli transportado +á Hespanha. + + * * * * * + +Na _Viagem do Parnaso_, canto IV, depois de descrever o autor a deidade +que personifica a Poesia, e de dizer que o Sul lhe brinda perolas, Sabea +perfumes, o Tiber ouro, e Hibla suavidade, continúa: + + «Galas Milan, y lusitania amores.» + +Mais adiante e no mesmo canto lê-se: + + «Aquel discreto Juan de Basconcellos + Venia delante en un caballo bayo, + Dando á las musas lusitanas celos. + +E pouco depois: + + «Así como las naves que cargadas + Llegan de la oriental India á Lisboa, + Que son por las mayores estimadas; + Esta llegó desde la popa á proa + Cubierta de poetas, mercancia + De quien hay saca en Calicut y en Goa. + +E elogiando a alguns poetas diz no canto VII: + + «De la alta cumbre del famoso Pindo + Bajaron tres bizarros lusitanos, + A quien mis álabanzas todas rindo + Con prestos pies y con valientes manos + Con Fernando Correa de La Cerda + Pisó Rodriguez Lobo monte y llanos. + Y porque Febo su razon no pierda, + El grande Don Antonio de Ataide + Llegó con furia alborotada y cuerda. + +Entre os sonetos que compoz Cervantes, observa-se um dirigido ao marquez +de Santa Cruz que se apoderou das ilhas dos Açores. + + * * * * * + +Em conclusão; nos seus onze entremezes só duas cousas se lêem referentes +a Portugal, e ambas no da _Guarda cuidadosa_, em que apparece um +vendedor ambulante que entre outras cousas apregoa _hilo portugués_, e +varias scenas depois um soldado que menciona a grande peça de Diu +existente em Lisboa, não sei se no Arsenal do Exercito. São estas as +suas palavras--«No habiéndome espantado ni atemorizado tiros maiores que +el de Dio, que está en Lisboa.» + +O que me faz collegir que o dicto militar presenciou o memoravel cêrco. + + * * * * * + +É isto tudo o que li relativo a Portugal nas obras do immortal critico +das Hespanhas, e que fielmente relato, rogando aos que lerem este +folheto me desculpem a má linguagem em que o escrevi em + +Lisboa, aos 18 de fevereiro de 1872. + + + + +NOTA + + +Referindo-se a Bento Caldera (portuguez) primeiro traductor dos Lusiadas +em castelhano, diz o sr. visconde de Jurumenha na sua bella edição das +obras do immortal Luiz de Camões, 1860, as seguintes palavras: «O +celebre Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra fez menção da traducção e traductor +n'estes versos na sua _Galatea_ liv. VI, _Canto de Caliope_. + + Tu que de luso el singular tesoro + Irigiste en nueva forma á la ribera + Del fertil rio, á quien el lecho de oro + Tan famoso le hace adonde quiera; + Con el devido aplauso, y el decoro + Devido á ti, Benito de Caldera, + Y á tu ingenio sin par prometo honrarte, + Y de lauro, y de hiedra coronarte. + +FINIS CORONAT OPUS. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Cervantes e Portugal, by Carlos Barroso + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CERVANTES E PORTUGAL *** + +***** This file should be named 22378-8.txt or 22378-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/3/7/22378/ + +Produced by Rita Farinha and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by National +Library of Portugal (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal).) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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