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diff --git a/22369.txt b/22369.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41837d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/22369.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3557 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: August 21, 2007 [EBook #22369] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A. Benoy +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + ++----------------------------------------------------------------+ +| | +| Transcriber's Note: Italicized words, phrases, etc. are | +| surrounded by _underline characters_. Greek transliterations | +| are surrounded by ~tildes~. Overlines indicating abbreviations | +| are shown like this, D[=n]e, meaning a line over the letter n. | +| Archaic spellings and hyphenation inconsistencies have been | +| left as originally printed. | ++----------------------------------------------------------------+ + + +{397} +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 182.] +SATURDAY, APRIL 23. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Poetical Epithets of the Nightingale, by Cuthbert + Bede, B.A. 397 + On a Passage in Orosius, by E. Thomson 399 + Notes on several Misunderstood Words, by Rev. W. R. + Arrowsmith 400 + A Work on the Macrocosm 402 + Dr. South's Latin Tract against Sherlock, by James + Crossley 402 + Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, + S. Singleton, &c. 403 + + MINOR NOTES:--Robert Weston--Sonnet on the Rev. + Joseph Blanco White--English and American Booksellers + --Odd Mistake--Thomas Shakspeare--Early Winters 404 + + QUERIES:-- + Satirical Playing Cards, by T. J. Pettigrew 405 + Movable Metal Types anno 1435, by George Stephens 405 + Portraits at Brickwall House 406 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Christian Names--Lake of Geneva + --Clerical Portrait--Arms: Battle-axe--Bullinger's + Sermons--Gibbon's Library--Dr. Timothy Bright + --Townley MSS.--Order of St. John of Jerusalem + --Consecrated Roses, Swords, &c.--West, Kipling, and + Millbourne--Font Inscriptions--Welsh Genealogical + Queries--The Butler and his Man William--Longhi's + Portraits of Guidiccioni--Sir George Carr--Dean + Pratt--Portrait of Franklin--"Enquiry into the State + of the Union" 406 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Bishop of Oxford + in 1164--Roman Inscription found at Battle Bridge-- + Blow-shoppes--Bishop Hesketh--Form of Prayer for + Prisoners 409 + + REPLIES:-- + Edmund Spenser, and Spensers, or Spencers, of Hurstwood, + by J. B. Spencer, &c. 410 + Throwing old Shoes for Luck, by John Thrupp 411 + Orkneys in Pawn 412 + Hogarth's Pictures, by E. G. Ballard and W. D. Haggard 412 + Phantom Bells and Lost Churches 413 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Photographic + Collodion--Filtering Collodion--Photographic Notes + --Colouring Collodion Pictures--Gutta Percha Baths 414 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Pilgrimages to the Holy + Land--"A Letter to a Convocation Man"--King + Robert Bruce's Coffin-plate--Eulenspiegel or Howleglas + --Sir Edwin Sadleir--Belfry Towers separate from + the Body of the Church--God's Marks--"The Whippiad" + --The Axe that beheaded Anne Boleyn, &c. 415 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 417 + Notices to Correspondents 418 + Advertisements 418 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + + +POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE. + +Having lately been making some research among our British poets, as to +the character of the nightingale's song, I was much struck with the +great quantity and diversity of epithets that I found applied to the +bird. The difference of opinion that has existed with regard to the +quality of its song, has of course led the poetical adherents of either +side to couple the nightingale's name with that very great variety of +adjectives which I shall presently set down in a tabular form, with the +names of the poetical sponsors attached thereto. And, in making this the +subject of a Note, I am only opening up an old Query; for the character +of the nightingale's song has often been a matter for discussion, not +only for poets and scribblers, but even for great statesmen like Fox, +who, amid all the anxieties of a political life, could yet find time to +defend the nightingale from being a "most musical, most melancholy" +bird. + +Coleridge's onslaught upon this line, in his poem of "The Nightingale," +must be well known to all lovers of poetry; and his re-christening of +the bird by that epithet which Chaucer had before given it: + + "'Tis the _merry_ nightingale, + That crowds, and hurries, and precipitates, + With fast thick warble, his delicious notes, + As he were fearful that an April night + Would be too short for him to utter forth + His love-chant, and disburthen his full soul + Of all its music!" + +The fable of the nightingale's origin would, of course, in classical +times, give the character of melancholy to its song; and it is rather +remarkable that AEschylus makes Cassandra speak of the _happy_ chirp of +the nightingale, and the Chorus to remark upon this as a further proof +of her insanity. (Shakspeare makes Edgar say, "The _foul fiend_ haunted +poor Tom in the voice of a nightingale."--_King Lear_, Act III. Sc. 6.) + +Tennyson seems to be almost the only poet who has thoroughly recognised +the great variety of epithets that may be applied to the nightingale's +song, through the very opposite feelings which it {398} seems to +possess the power to awaken. In his _Recollections of the Arabian +Nights_, he says,-- + + "The living airs of middle night + Died round the Bulbul as he sung; + Not he; but something which possess'd + The darkness of the world, _delight_, + _Life_, _anguish_, _death_, _immortal love_, + Ceasing not, mingled, unrepress'd, + Apart from place, withholding time." + +Again, in the _In Memoriam_: + + "Wild bird! whose warble, liquid, sweet, + Rings Eden through the budded quicks, + Oh, tell me where the senses mix, + Oh, tell me where the passions meet, + + "Whence radiate? _Fierce extremes_ employ + Thy spirit in the dusking leaf, + And _in the midmost heart of grief + Thy passion clasps a secret joy_." + +With which compare these lines in _The Gardener's Daughter_: + + "Yet might I tell of meetings, of farewells,-- + Of that which came between, more sweet than each, + In whispers, like the whispers of the leaves + That tremble round a nightingale--_in sighs + Which perfect Joy, perplexed for utterance, + Stole from her sister Sorrow_." + +But the most singular proof that, I think, I have met with, concerning +the diversity of opinion touching the song of the nightingale, is to be +found in the following example. When Shelley (_Prometheus Unbound_) is +describing the luxurious pleasures of the Grove of Daphne, he mentions +(in some of the finest lines he has ever written) "the _voluptuous_ +nightingales, sick with sweet love," to be among the great attractions +of the place: while Dean Milman (_Martyrs of Antioch_), in describing +the very same "dim, licentious Daphne," is particular in mention that +everything there + + "Ministers + _Voluptuous_ to man's transgressions" + +(even including the "winds, and flowers, and waters"); everything, in +short, + + "_Save thou_, sweet _nightingale!_" + +The question is indeed a case of "fierce extremes," as we may see by the +following table of epithets, which are taken from the British poets +only: + + _Amorous._ Milton. + _Artless._ Drummond of Hawthornden. + _Attick_ ("Attica aedon"). Gray. + _Beautiful._ Mackay. + _Charmer._ Michael Drayton, Philip Ayres. + _Charming._ Sir Roger L'Estrange. + _Cheerful._ Philip Ayres. + _Complaining._ Shakspeare. + _Conqueror._ Ford + _Dainty._ Carshaw, Giles Fletcher. + _Darkling._ Milton. + _Dear._ Ben Jonson, Drummond of Hawthornden. + _Deep._ Mrs. Hemans. + _Delicious._ Crashaw, Coleridge. + _Doleful._ Shakspeare. + _Dusk._ Barry Cornwall. + _Enchanting._ Mrs. T. Welsh. + _Enthusiast._ Crashaw. + _Evening._ Chaucer. + _Ever-varying._ Wordsworth. + _Fervent._ Mrs. Hemans. + _Fond._ Moore. + _Forlorn._ Shakspeare, Darwin, Hood. + _Full-hearted._ Author of _The Naiad_ (1816). + _Full-throated._ Keats. + _Gentle._ _The Spanish Tragedy_, Dunbar (Laureate to James IV. + Scot.), Mrs Charlotte Smith. + _Good._ Chaucer, Ben Jonson. + _Gushing._ Campbell. + _Hapless._ Milton. + _Happy._ Keats, Mackay. + _Harmless._ Crashaw, Browne. + _Harmonious._ Browne. + _Heavenly._[1] Chaucer, Dryden, Wordsworth. + _Holy._ Campbell. + _Hopeful._ Crashaw. + _Immortal._ Keats. + _Joyful._ Moore. + _Joyous._ Keble. + _Lamenting._ Shakspeare, Michael Drayton, Drummond of Hawthornden. + _Light-foot._ Crashaw. + _Light-winged._ Keats. + _Liquid._ Milton, Bishop Heber, Tennyson. + _Listening._ Crashaw, Thomson. + _Little._ James I. Scot., Philip Ayres, Crashaw. + _Lone._ Beattie, Mrs. Hemans, Miss London, Mrs. Fanny Kemble, Milman. + _Lonely._ Countess of Winchilsea (1715), Barry Cornwall. + _Loud._ Shelley. + _Loved._ Mason. + _Lovely._ Bloomfield. + _Love-lorn._ Milton, Scott, Collins. + _Lowly._ Mrs. Thompson. {399} + _Lusty._ Chaucer. + _Melancholy._ Milton, Milman. + _Melodious._ Chris. Smart, Ld. Lyttelton, Southey. + _Merry._ _Red Book of Ossory_, fourteenth century (quoted in + "N. & Q.," Vol. ii., No. 54.), Chaucer, Dunbar, Coleridge. + _Minstrel._ Mrs. Charlotte Smith. + _Modest._ Keble. + _Mournful._ Shakspeare, Theo. Lee, Pope, Lord Thurlow, Byron. + _Musical._ Milton. + _Music-panting._ Shelley. + _New-abashed._[2]Chaucer. + _Night-warbling._ Milton, Milman. + _Pale._ Author of _Raffaelle and Fornarina_ (1826). + _Panting._ Crashaw. + _Passionate._ Lady E. S. Wortley. + _Pensive._ Mrs. Charlotte Smith. + _Piteous._ Ambrose Philips. + _Pity-pleading_ (used ironically). Coleridge. + _Plaintive._ Lord Lyttelton, Thomson, Keats, Hood. + _Pleasant._ An old but unknown author, quoted in Todd's + _Illustrations to Gower and Chaucer_, p. 291., ed. 1810. + _Poor._ Shakspeare, Ford. + _Rapt._ Hon. Julian Fane (1852). + _Ravished._ Lilly. + _Responsive._ Darwin. + _Restless._ T. Lovell Beddoes (in _The Bride's Tragedy_, 1822). + _Richly-toned._ Southey. + _Sad._ Milton, Giles Fletcher, Drummond of Hawthornden, Graves, + Darwin, Collins, Beattie, Byron, Mrs. Hemans, Mrs Fanny Kemble, + Hood, T. L. Beddoes. + _Shrill._ Chaucer, Crashaw. + _Silver-sounding._ Richard Barnfield. + _Single._[3] Southey. + _Skilled._ Ford. + _Sleepless._[4] Atherstone. + _Sober-suited._ Thomson. + _Soft._ Milton, James I. Scot., Crashaw, Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Byron. + _Solemn._ Milton, Otway, Graingle. + _Sole-sitting._ Thomson. + _Sorrowing._ Shakspeare. + _Soul-entrancing._ Bishop Heber. + _Supple._ Crashaw. + _Sweet._ Chaucer, James I. Scot., Milton, Spenser, Crashaw, Drummond, + Richard Barnfield, Ambrose Philips, Shelley, Cowper, Thomson, + Young, Darwin, Lord Lyttelton, Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Moore, + Coleridge, Wordsworth, L. E. L., Milman, Hood, Tennyson, P. J. + Bailey, Kenny, Hon. J. Fane. + _Sweetest._ Milton, Browne, Thomson, Turnbull, Beattie. + _Sweet-voiced._ Wither. + _Syren._ Crashaw. + _Tawny._ Cary. + _Tender._ Crashaw, Turnbull. + _Thrilling._ Hon. Mrs. Wrottesley (1847). + _Tuneful._ Dyer, Grainger. + _Unseen._ Byron. + _Vaunting._ Bloomfield. + _Voluptuous._ Shelley. + _Wakeful._ Milton, Coleridge. + _Wailing._ Miss Landon. + _Wandering._ Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Hon. Mrs. Wrottesley. + _Wanton._ Coleridge. + _Warbling._ Milton, Ford, Chris. Smart, Pope, Smollett, Lord + Lyttelton, Jos. Warton, Gray, Cowper. + _Welcome._ Wordsworth. + _Wild._ Moore, Tennyson, J. Westwood (1840). + _Wise._ Waller. + _Wondrous_. Mrs. Fanny Kemble. + +In addition to these 109 epithets, others might be added of a fuller +character; such as "Queen of all the quire" (Chaucer), "Night-music's +king" (Richard Barnfield, 1549), "Angel of the spring" (Ben Jonson), +"_Music's best seed-plot_" (Crashaw), "Best poet of the grove" +(Thomson), "Sweet poet of the woods" (Mrs. Charlotte Smith), "Dryad of +the trees" (Keats), "Sappho of the dell" (Hood); but the foregoing list +of simple adjectives (which doubtless could be greatly increased by a +more extended poetical reading) sufficiently demonstrates the popularity +of the nightingale as a poetical embellishment, and would, perhaps, tend +to prove that a greater diversity of epithets have been bestowed upon +the nightingale than have been given to any other song-bird. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +[Footnote 1: The epithets "heavenly," "holy," "solemn," &c., represent +the nightingale's song, as spoken of by Keats, as the bird's "plaintive +_anthem_;" by Mackay, as its + + "_Hymn_ of gratitude and love;" + +and by Moore also, in his account of the Vale of Cashmere, as + + "The nightingale's _hymn_ from the Isle of Chenars." + +In _A Proper New Boke of the Armony of Byrdes_ (quoted by Dibdin, _Top. +Antiq._, iv. 381.), of unknown date, though probably before 1580, the +nightingale is represented as singing its Te Deum: + + "Tibi Cherubin + Et Seraphin + Full goodly she dyd chaunt, + With notes merely + Incessabile + Voce Proeclamant."] + +[Footnote 2: Chaucer (_Troilus and Creseide_) imagines the nightingale +to "stint" at the beginning of its song, and to be frightened at the +least noise.] + +[Footnote 3: This, and the epithets of "sole-sitting" and "unseen," +refer to the nightingale's love of solitary seclusion.] + +[Footnote 4: + + "He slep no more than doth the nightingale." + + Chaucer, _Cant. Pil._] + + * * * * * + + +ON A PASSAGE IN OROSIUS. + +In King Alfred's version of Orosius, book ii. chap. iv. p. 68., +Barrington, we have an account of an unsuccessful attempt made by one of +Cyrus the Great's officers to swim across a river "mid twam tyncenum," +with two _tynkens_. What was a _tyncen_? That was the question nearly a +hundred years ago, when Barrington was working out his translation; and +the only answer to be found then was contained in the great dictionary +published by Lye and Manning, but is not found now in Dr. Bosworth's +second edition of his Dictionary: "Tynce, _a tench_." + +How the Persian nobleman was to be supported by two little fishes, which +were more likely to land their passenger at the bottom of the river than +on the opposite bank, we are left to guess. But, before we proceed with +the experiment, let us see that we have got the fishes. That tench was +in the Gyndis we have no authority for denying; but, if its Anglian or +Saxon name was such as the dictionary exhibits, we have no trace of it +{400} in the text of Alfred; for under no form of declension, +acknowledged in grammar, will _tynce_ ever give _tyncenum_. We have no +need, then, to spend time in calculating the chance of success, when we +have not the means of making the experiment. + +As either _tync_ or _tynce_ would give _tyncum_, not _tyncenum_, the +latter must come out of _tyncen_ (query, _tynkin_ or _tunkin_, a little +tun, a barrel, or a cask?). Such was the form in which the question +presented itself to my mind, upon my first examination of the passage +three or four years ago, but which was given up without sufficient +investigation, owing to an impression that if such had been the meaning, +it was so simple and obvious that nobody could have missed it. + +An emergency, which I need not explain here, has within these few days +recalled my attention to the subject; and I have no reason to be +ashamed, or to make a secret, of the result. + +_Tyncen_, the diminutive of _tunne_, is not only a genuine Anglo-Saxon +word, but the type of a class, of whose existence in that language no +Saxonist, I may say no Teutonist, not even the perspicacious and +indefatigable Jacob Grimm himself, seems to be aware. The word is +exactly analogous to Ger. _toennchen_, from _tonne_, and proves three +things:--1. That our ancestors formed diminutives in _cen_, as well as +their neighbours in _ken_, _kin_, _chen_; 2. That the radical vowel was +modified: for _y_ is the _umlaut_ of _u_; 3. That these properties of +the dialect were known to Alfred the Great when he added this curious +statement to the narrative of Orosius. + +E. THOMSON. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS. + +(_Continued from_ p. 376.) + +_Imperseverant_, undiscerning. This word I have never met with but +twice,--in Shakspeare's _Cymbeline_, with the sense above given; and in +Bishop Andrewes' Sermon preached before Queen Elizabeth at Hampton +Court, A.D. 1594, in the sense of unenduring: + + "For the Sodomites are an example of impenitent wilful sinners; and + Lot's wife of _imperseverant_ and relapsing righteous + persons."--_Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology_, vol. ii. p. 62. + +_Perseverant_, discerning, and _persevers_, discerns, occur respectively +at pp. 43. and 92. of Hawes's _Pastime of Pleasure_ (Percy Society's +edition). The noun substantive _perseverance_=discernment is as common a +word as any of the like length in the English language. To omit the +examples that might be cited out of Hawes's _Pastime of Pleasure_, I +will adduce a dozen other instances; and if those should not _be enough_ +to justify my assertion, I will undertake to heap together two dozen +more. Mr. Dyce, in his _Critique of Knight and Collier's Shakspeare_, +rightly explains the meaning of the word in _Cymbeline_; and quotes an +example of _perseverance_ from _The Widow_, to which the reader is +referred. Mr. Dyce had, however, previously corrupted a passage in his +edition of Rob. Greene's _Dramatic Works_, by substituting, +"perceivance" for _perseverance_, the word in the original quarto of the +_Pinner of Wakefield_, vol. ii. p. 184.: + + "Why this is wondrous being blind of sight, + His deep _perseuerance_ should be such to know us." + +I subjoin the promised dozen: + + "For his dyet he was verie temperate, and a great enemie of excesse + and surfetting; and so carelesse of delicates, as though he had had + no _perseuerance_ in the tast of meates," &c.--"The Life of + Ariosto," Sir John Harington's Translation of _Orlando Furioso_, p. + 418. + + "In regarde whereof they are tyed vnto these duties: First by a + prudent, diligent, and faithfull care to obserue by what things the + state may be most benefited; and to haue _perseuerance_ where such + marchandize that the state most vseth and desireth may be had with + greatest ease," &c.--_The Trauailer_, by Thomas Palmer: London, + 1606. + + "There are certain kinds of frogs in Egypt, about the floud of + Nilus, that have this _percewerance_, that when by chance they + happen to come where a fish called Varus is, which is great a + murtherer and spoiler of frogs, they use to bear in their mouths + overthwart a long reed, which groweth about the banks of Nile; and + as this fish doth gape, thinking to feed upon the frog, the reed is + so long that by no means he can swallow the frog; and so they save + their lives."--"The Pilgrimage of Kings and Princes," chap. xliii. + p. 294. of Lloyd's _Marrow of History_, corrected and revised by R. + C., Master of Arts: London, 1653. + + "This fashion of countinge the monthe endured to the ccccl yere of + the citie, and was kepte secrete among the byshops of theyr + religion tyl the time that C. Flauius, P. Sulpitius Auarrio, and P. + Sempronius Sophuilongus, then beinge Consuls, against the mynde of + the Senatours disclosed all their solemne feates, published th[=e] + in a table that euery man might haue perseuera[=u]ce of them."--_An + Abridgemente of the Notable Worke of Polidore Vergile, &c._, by + Thomas Langley, fol. xlii. + + "And some there be that thinke men toke occasion of God to make + ymages, whiche wylling to shewe to the grosse wyttes of men some + _perceiueraunce_ of hymselfe, toke on him the shape of man, as + Abraham sawe him and Jacob also."--_Id._, fol. lxi. + +In this passage, as in others presently to be alleged, "notification" +seems to be the drift of the word. + + "Of this vnreuerent religi[=o], Mahomete, a noble ma[=n]e, borne in + Arabie, or, as some report, in Persie, was authour: and his father + was an heathen idolater, and his mother an Ismaelite; wherfore she + had more _perceuerance_ of the Hebrues law."--_Id._, fol. cxlii. + + "Where all feelyng and _perseuer[=a]ce_ of euill is awaie, nothyng + there is euill or found a misse. As if a manne {401} be fallen into + a sound slepe, he feleth not the hardenesse or other incommoditie of + his cabon or couche."--"The Saiynges of Publius, No. 58.," _The + Precepts of Cato, &c., with Erasmus Annotations_: London, 1550. + + "Wherfore both Philip and Alexander (if ye dead haue anie + _perceuerance_) woulde not that the rootes (rooters) out of them + and theyre issue, but rather that the punnishers of those traitors, + should enioye the kingdom of Macedone."--"The XVI Booke of + Justine," fol. 86., Golding's Translation of the _Abridgement of + the Historyes of Trojus Pompeius_: London, 1578. + + "And morouer bycause his setting of vs here in this world is to + aduaunce vs aloft, that is, to witte to the heauenly life, whereof + he giueth vs some _perceyuerance_ and feeling afore hande."--Io. + Calvin. "Sermon XLI., on the Tenth Chap. of Job," p. 209., + Golding's Translation: London, 1574. + + "And so farre are wee off from being able to atteine to such + knowledge through our owne power, that we flee it as much as is + possible, and blindfold our own eyes, to the intent we might put + away all _perceyuerance_ and feeling of God's judgement from + vs."--_Id._, "Sermon XLII.," p. 218. + + "For (as I haue touched already) God of his goodnesse doth not + vtterly barre vs from hauing any _perceyuerance_ at all of his + wisdome: but it behoueth vs to keepe measure."--_Id._, "Sermon + XLIII.," p. 219. + +I shall not cite any more from Golding, but simply observe that the word +occurs again and again in his translations. The remaining three examples +exhibit the noun in a somewhat different sense, viz. "notification," or +"means of discerning:" + + "The time most apt in all the yeare, and affoording greatest + _perseuerance_ for the finding out of the heads of wells and + fountaines, are the moneths of August or September."--_The First + Booke of the Countrie Farme_, p. 8., by Stevens and Liebault, + translated by Svrflet, and edited by G. Markham: London, 1616. + + "He may also gather some _perceiuerance_ by the other markes before + specified; that is to say, by the prints of his foote vpon the + grasse, by the carriages of his head, his dung, gate," &c.--_Id._, + booke vii. p. 685. + + "And this lyfe to men is an high _perseveraunce_, + Or a lyght of faythe wherby they shall be saved." + + "God's Promises," by John Bale; Dodsley's _Old Plays_ (Collier's + edition), vol. i. Part II. Act I. + +By-the-bye, as a specimen of the value of this edition, take the +following passage of this very play: + + "O perfyght keye of David, and hygh scepture of the kyndred of + Jacob; whych openest and no man _speareth_, that speakest and no + man openeth."--Act VII. p. 40. + +On the word _speareth_ the commentator treats his reader to a note; in +which he informs him that _speareth_ means "asketh," and in proof of +this cites one passage from Chaucer, and two from Douglas's _Virgil_. It +might almost appear to be upbraiding the reader with stupidity to +mention that _speareth_ signifieth "bolteth, shutteth;" and that +"speaketh" is a misprint for _speareth_. This verb was a favourite with +Bale. One word more closes my budget for the present. + +_More_, a root. Still in use in Gloucestershire, once of frequent +occurrence. To the examples alleged by Richardson, in his _Dictionary_, +add the following: + + "I se it by ensaunple + In somer tyme on trowes; + Ther some bowes ben leved, + And some bereth none, + There is a meschief in the _more_ + Of swiche manere bowes." + _The Vision of Piers Ploughman_, edited by Thomas + Wright, vol. ii. p. 300. + +At p. 302. you find the sentiment in Latin: + + "Sicut cum videris arborem pallidam et marcidam, intelligis + quod _vitium habet in radice_"--"a meschief in the _more_." + +The Glossary of the editor is silent. + + "It is a ful trie tree, quod he, + Trewely to telle; + Mercy is the _more_ therof, + The myddul stok is ruthe; + The leves ben lele wordes, + The lawe of holy chirche; + The blosmes beth buxom speche, + And benigne lokynge; + Pacience hatte the pure tree," &c. + _Id._, vol. ii. p. 330. + + "It groweth in a gardyn, quod he, + That God made hymselve, + Amyddes mannes body, + The _more_ is of that stokke, + Herte highte the herber, + That it inne groweth." + _Id._, vol. ii. p. 331. + +There should not be any comma, or other stop, at body, because the sense +is--"The root of that stock is amid man's body." + +Mr. Wright's Glossary refers to these last two instances as follows: + + "_More_ (A.-S.) 330, 331., the main or larger part, body (?)" + +At p. 334. we meet with the word again: + + "On o _more_ thei growed." + +And again, at p. 416.: + + "And bite a-two the _mores_." + +May I, in passing, venture to inquire of the editor on what authority he +explains _waselede_ (p. 476.) to be "the pret. of _waselen_ (A.-S.) to +become dirty, dirty oneself?" + + "This Troilus withouten rede or lore, + As man that hath his joies eke forlore, + Was waiting on his lady evermore, + As she that was sothfast croppe and _more_, + Of all his lust or joyes here tofore." + Chaucer's _Troilus and Creseide_, b.v. + +{402} +Afterwards, in the same book, a few stanzas further on, he joins "crop" +and "root" together. + + "Last of all, if these thinges auayle not the cure, I do commend + and allow above all the rest, that you take the iuyce of Celendine + rootes, making them cleane from the earth that doth vse to hang to + the _moores_."--_The Booke of Falconrie_, by George Turbervile, + 1611, p. 236. + + "Chiefely, if the _moare_ of vertue be not cropped, but dayly + rooted deepelyer."--_The Fyrste Booke of the Nobles or of + Nobilitye_, translated from Laurence Humfrey. + +The next and last example from the "Second Booke" of this interesting +little volume I will quote more at large: + + "Aristotle mencioneth in his Politikes an horrible othe vsed in + certaine states, consistinge of the regimente of fewe nobles, in + maner thus: I will hate the people, and to my power persecute them. + Which is the _croppe_ and _more_ of al sedition. Yet too much + practised in oure liues. But what cause is there why a noble man + should eyther despise the people? or hate them? or wrong them? + What? know they not, no tiranny maye bee trusty? Nor how yll + gard[=e] of c[=o]tinuance, feare is? Further, no more may nobilitie + misse the people, then in man's body, the heade, the hande. For of + trueth, the common people are the handes of the nobles, sith them + selues bee handlesse. They labour and sweate for them, with + tillinge, saylinge, running, toylinge: by sea, by l[=a]d, with + h[=a]ds, w't feete, serue them. So as w'oute theyr seruice, they + nor eate, nor drink, nor are clothed, no nor liue. We reade in ye + taleteller Esope, a doue was saued by the helpe of an ant. A lyon + escaped by the benefit of a mowse. We rede agayne, that euen ants + haue theyr choler. And not altogether quite, the egle angered the + bytle bee." + +The reader will notice in this citation another instance of the verb +_miss_, to dispense with. I have now done for the present; but should +the collation of sundry passages, to illustrate the meaning of a word, +appear as agreeable to the laws of a sound philology, as conducive to +the integrity of our ancient writers, and as instructive to the public +as brainspun emendations, whether of a remote or modern date, which +now-a-days are pouring in like a flood--to corrupt long recognised +readings in our idolised poet Shakspeare, in order to make his +phraseology square with the language of the times and his readers' +capacities--I will not decline to continue endeavours such as the +present essay exhibits with a view to stem and roll back the tide. + +W. R. ARROWSMITH. + +Broad Heath, Presteign, Herefordshire. + + * * * * * + + +A WORK ON THE MACROCOSM. + +I intended to have contributed a series of papers to "N. & Q." on the +brute creation, on plants and flowers, &c.; and in a Note on the latter +subject I promised to follow it up. However, as circumstances have +changed my intentions, I think it may be well to mention that I have in +hand a work on Macrocosm, or World of Nature around us, which shall be +published in three separate parts or volumes. The first shall be devoted +to the Brute Creation; the second shall be an Herbal, with a Calendar of +dedicated Flowers prefixed; the third shall contain Chapters on the +Mineral Kingdom: in the last I shall treat of the symbolism of stones, +and the superstitions respecting them. I purpose in each case, as far as +possible, to go to the fountain-head, and shall give copious extracts +from such writers as St. Ildefonso of Toledo, St. Isidore of Seville, +Vincent of Beauvais, St. Basil, Origen, Epiphanius, and the Christian +Fathers. + +As the work I have sketched out for myself will require time to mature, +I shall publish very shortly a small volume, containing a breviary of +the former, which will give some idea of the manner in which I shall +treat the proposed subject. + +Many correspondents of "N. & Q." have evinced great interest in the line +I intend to enter upon. (See Vol. i., pp. 173. 457.; Vol. iv., p. 175.; +Vol. vi., pp. 101. 272. 462. 518.) Their Queries have produced no +satisfactory result. I myself made a Query in my "Chapter on Flowers," +some months ago, respecting Catholic floral directories, and two works +in particular, about which I was most anxious, and which were quoted in +_The Catholic Florist_, London, 1851, and I have received no answer. Mr. +Oakley, indeed, wrote to me to say that he "only edited it, and wrote a +preface," and that he forwarded my Query "to the compiler:" the latter +personage, however, has not favoured me with a reply. + +In spite of all these discouragements, I have taken the step of bringing +my contemplated work before the readers of "N. & Q.," and I shall +gratefully acknowledge any communications relative to legends, +folk-lore, superstitions, symbolism, &c. bearing on the subjects +proposed. As I intend inserting a bibliographical list of the chief +works which come under the scope of each volume, I might receive much +valuable assistance on this point, especially as regards Oriental and +other foreign books, which might escape my researches. As regards the +brute creation, I have gotten, with the kind assistance of the editor of +"N. & Q.," Hildrop's famous reply to Father Bougeant; and I have sent to +Germany for Dr. Kraus's recent work on the subject. + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + + +DR. SOUTH'S LATIN TRACT AGAINST SHERLOCK. + +None of South's compositions are more striking or characteristic than +his two English tracts against Sherlock, his _Animadversions on +Sherlock's Vindication of the Trinity_, 1693-94, 4to., {403} and his +_Tritheism charged on Sherlock's new Notion of the Trinity_, 1694, 4to. +For caustic wit and tremendous power of vituperation, I scarcely know +any controversial works which surpass, or even equal them. South looked +upon Sherlock with profound scorn as a Sciolist, and hated him most +cordially as a heretic and a political renegade. He accordingly gives +him no quarter, and seems determined to draw blood at every stroke. Mrs. +Sherlock is of course not forgotten, and one of the happiest passages in +the _Tritheism charged_ is the well-known humorous illustration of +Socrates and Xantippe, p. 129. It is somewhat curious that, +notwithstanding these two works of South have attracted so much notice, +it seems to be quite unknown that he also published a Latin tract +against Sherlock, in further continuation of the controversy, in which +the attack is carried on with equal severity. The title of the tract in +question is, _Decreti Oxoniensis Vindicatio in Tribus ad +Modestum ejusdem examinatorem modestioribus Epistolis a Theologo +Transmarino_. Excusa Anno Domini 1696, 4to., pp. 92. The tract, of which +I have a copy, is anonymous, but it is ascribed to South in the +following passages in _The Agreement of the Unitarians with the Catholic +Church_, part i. 1697, 4to., which is included in vol. v. of the 4to. +_Unitarian Tracts_, and evidently written by one who had full +information on the subject. His expressions (p. 62.) are--"Dr. South, in +his Latin Letters, under the name of a Transmarine Divine;" and a little +further on, "Dr. South, in two (English) books by him written, and in +three Latin letters, excepts against this (Sherlock's) explication of +the Trinity." In confirmation of this ascription, I may observe that the +Latin tract is contained in an extensive collection of the tracts in the +Trinitarian Controversy formed by Dr. John Wallis, which I possess, and +in which he has written the names of the authors of the various +anonymous pieces. He took, as is well known, a leading part in the +controversy, and published himself an anonymous pamphlet (not noticed by +his biographers), also in defence of Oxford decrees. On the title-page +of the Latin tract he has written "By Dr. South." I have likewise +another copy in a volume which belonged to Stephen Nye, one of the +ablest writers in the controversy, and who ascribes it in the list of +contents in the fly-leaf, in his handwriting, to Dr. South. These +grounds would appear to be sufficient to authorise our including this +tract in the list of South's works, though, from the internal evidence +of the tract itself alone, I should scarcely have felt justified in +ascribing it to him. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + + +_Parallel Passages._-- + + "You leaden messengers, + That ride upon the violent wings of fire, + Fly with false aim; _move_ the _still-piecing_ air, + That sings with piercing,--do not touch my lord!" + _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act III. Sc. 2. + + "the elements, + Of whom your swords are tempered, may as well + _Wound_ the loud winds, or with bemock'd at stabs + Kill the _still-closing_ waters, as diminish + One dowle that's in my plume." + _The Tempest_, Act III. Sc. 3. + +There can be little doubt that the clever corrector of MR. COLLIER'S +folio had the last of these passages in view when he altered the word +_move_ of the first, into _wound_ of the second: but in this instance he +overshot the mark, in not perceiving the nice and subtle distinction +which exists between them. The first implies possibility: the second +impossibility. + +In the second, the mention of, to "wound the loud wind, or kill the +still-closing water," is to set forth the absurdness of the attempt; but +in the first passage there is a direct injunction to a possible act: +"Fly with false aim, move the still-piecing air." To say "_wound_ the +still-piecing air" would be to direct to be done, in one passage, that +which the other passage declares to be absurd to expect! + +If it were necessary to disturb _move_ at all, the word _cleave_ would +be, all to nothing, a better substitution than _wound_. + +Whether the annotating of MR. COLLIER'S folio be a real or a +pseudo-antique, it is impossible to deny that its executor must have +been a clever, as he was certainly _a slashing_ hitter. It cannot, +therefore, be wondered that he should sometimes reach the mark: but that +these corrections should be received with that blind and superstitious +faith, so strangely exacted for them, can scarcely be expected. Indeed, +it is to be regretted that they have been introduced to the public with +such an uncompromising claim to authority; as the natural repugnance +against _enforced_ opinion may endanger the success of the few +suggestive emendations, to be found amongst them, which are really new +and valuable. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + +P.S.--With reference to the above Note, which, although not before +printed, has been for some time in the Editor's hands, I have observed +in a Dublin paper of Saturday, April 9th, a very singular coincidence; +viz. the recurrence of the self-same misprint corrected by Malone, but +retained by Messrs. Collier and Knight in their respective editions of +Shakspeare. Had the parallel expressions _still-closing_, +_still-piecing_, which I have compared in the above paper, been noticed +by these {404} editors, they would no more have hesitated in accepting +Malone's correction than they would object to the same correction in the +misprint I am about to point out; viz. + + "Two planks were pointed out by the witnesses, viz. one with a knot + in it, and another which was piered with strips of wood," + &c.--_Saunders's Newsletter_, April 9th, 3rd page, 1st col. + +_The Passage in "King Henry VIII.," Act III. Sc. 2._ (Vol. vii., pp. 5. +111. 183.).--Is an old Shakspearian to talk rashly in "N. & Q." without +being called to account? "If 'we can,'" says MR. SINGER, "'by no means +part with _have_,' we must interpolate _been_ after it, to make it any +way intelligible, to the marring of the verse." Now, besides the passage +in the same scene-- + + ----"my loyalty, + Which ever has, and ever shall be growing," + +pointed out by your Leeds correspondent, there is another equally in +point in _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act II. Sc. 5., which, being in +prose, settles the question as to whether the omission of the past +participle after the auxiliary was customary in Shakspeare's time. It is +Lafeu's farewell to Parolles: + + "Farewell, Monsieur: I have spoken better of you, than you have or + will deserve at my hand; but we must do good against evil." + +Either this is "unintelligible," and "we must interpolate" _deserved_, +or (the only possible alternative) all three passages are free from MR. +SINGER'S objection. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + + +_On a Passage in "Macbeth."_--Macbeth (Act I. Sc. 7.) says: + + "I have no spur + To prick the sides of my intent, but only + Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself, + And falls on the other." + +Should not the third line be-- + + "Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps _its sell_!" + +_Sell_ is saddle (Latin, _sella_; French, _selle_), and +is used by Spenser in this sense. + +"O'erleaping _itself_" is manifest nonsense; whereas the whole passage +has evident reference to horsemanship; and to "vault" is "to carry one's +body cleverly over anything of a considerable height, resting one hand +upon the thing itself,"--exactly the manner in which some persons mount +a horse, resting one hand on the pommel of the saddle. + +It would then be perfectly intelligible, thus-- + + "Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps its saddle (sell), + And falls on the other (side of the horse)." + +Does MR. COLLIER'S "New Text," or any other old copy, prove this? + +S. SINGLETON. + +Greenwich. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR NOTES. + + +_Robert Weston._--I copy the following from a letter of R. L. Kingston +to Dr. Ducarel in Nichols's _Literary History_, vol. iii. p. 629.: + + "Robert Weston was Lord of Manor of Kilmington in Devon, and + divided his estate among four daughters, reserving to the eldest + son the royalties of his courts. In his will or deed of settlement + is this clause:--'That the Abbot of Newnhams, near Axminster, had + nothing to do in the highway any further than to his land of + Studhays, and that he should stand without the court gate of his + land of Studhays, and take his right ear in his left hand, and put + his right arm next to his body under his left across, and so cast + his reap-hook from him; and so far he shall come.'" + +BALLIOLENSIS. + + +_Sonnet on the Rev. Joseph Blanco White._--Some years ago, I copied the +following sonnet from a newspaper. Can you say where it first made its +appearance? After the annexed testimony of Coleridge, it is needless to +say anything in its praise. + + "SONNET ON THE REV. JOSEPH BLANCO WHITE. + + Mysterious Night! When our first parent knew + Thee from report divine, and heard thy name, + Did he not tremble for this lovely frame, + This glorious canopy of light and blue? + Yet 'neath a curtain of translucent dew, + Bathed in the rays of the great setting flame, + Hesperus, with the host of heaven, came, + And lo! Creation widen'd in man's view. + + Who could have thought such darkness lay conceal'd + Within thy beams, O Sun! Or who could find, + Whilst fly, and leaf, and insect, stood reveal'd, + That to such countless orbs thou mad'st us blind? + Why do we then shun death with anxious strife? + If light can thus deceive--wherefore not life?" + +Coleridge is said to have pronounced this "The finest and most grandly +conceived in our language; at least, it is only in Milton's and in +Wordsworth's sonnets that I recollect any rival." + +BALLIOLENSIS. + + +_English and American Booksellers._--It is rather curious to note, that +whilst English booksellers are emulously vying with one another to +publish editions of _Uncle Toms_, _Queechys_, _Wide Wide Worlds_, &c., +they neglect to issue English works which the superior shrewdness of +{405} Uncle Sam deems worthy of reprinting. Southey's _Chronicle of the +Cid_, which was published by Longman in 1808, and not since printed in +England, was brought out in a very handsome octavo form at Lowell, U. +S., in 1846. And this, the "first American edition," as it is called on +the title-page, can be readily procured from the booksellers in London; +whereas the English original is not to be met with. In like manner, +Macaulay's _Essays_ were collected and published first in America; and +so with Praed's _Poems_, and many others. Uncle Sam has lately +announced collections of Dr. Maginn's and De Quincey's scattered Essays, +for which we owe him our most grateful acknowledgments. + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + + +_Odd Mistake._-- + + "One of the houses on Mount Ephraim formerly belonged to _Judge + Jeffries_, a man who has rendered his name infamous in the annals + of history _by the cruelty and injustice he manifested in presiding + at the trial of King Charles I._"--_Descriptive Sketches of + Tunbridge Wells_, by John Britton, F.S.A., p. 59. + +Voila comment on fait l'histoire! + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + + +_Thomas Shakspeare._--In the year 1597 there resided in Lutterworth in +Leicestershire, only distant from Stratford-upon-Avon, the birth-town of +Shakspeare, a very few miles, one _Thomas Shakspeare_, who appears to +have been employed by William Glover, of Hillendon in Northamptonshire, +gentleman, as his agent to receive for him and give an acquittance for a +considerable sum of money. + +Having regard to the age in which this Thomas Shakspeare lived, coupled +with his place of residence, is it not probable he was a relative of the +great Bard? + +CHARLECOTE. + + +_Early Winters._--I heard it mentioned, when in St. Petersburg very +lately, that they have never had so early a commencement of winter as +this last year since the French were at Moscow. + +I find in accounts of the war, that the winter _commenced_ then (1812) +on November 7, N. S., with deep snow. Last year (1852) it commenced at +St. Petersburg on October 16, N. S., as noted in my diary, with snow, +which has remained on the ground ever since, accompanied at times with +_very_ severe frost. + +Query: Can November 7, N. S., be the correct date? If it is, this last +winter's commencement must be unprecedented; as I have always heard it +remarked, that the winter began unusually early the year the French were +at Moscow. + +I may mention as a note, that by the last accounts from Russia, they say +the ice in the Gulf of Finland was four and a half feet thick. + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + + +SATIRICAL PLAYING CARDS. + +I have lately been much interested in a pack of cards, complete +(fifty-two) in their number and suits, engraved in the time of the +Commonwealth at the Hague, and representing the chief personages and the +principal events of that period. I have been able, by reference to +historical authorities, and, in particular, to the Ballads and +Broadsides in the British Museum, forming the collection presented to +the nation by George III., to explain the whole pack, with the exception +of two. These are "Parry, Father and Sonne," and "Simonias slandering +the High Priest, to get his Place." The former simply represents two +figures, without any thing to offer a clue to any event; the latter +gives the representation of six Puritans, forming an assembly, who are +being addressed by one of the body. I cannot find any notice of +Simonias, or to whom such a name has been applied, in any of the +Commonwealth tracts with which I am acquainted. Probably some of your +readers can help me in this matter. Of these cards I can find no notice: +they are not mentioned by Singer, and appear to have escaped the +indefatigable research of Mr. Chatto. They were purchased at the Hague, +more than thirty years since, for thirty-three guineas, and are +exceedingly curious: indeed they form a bundle of Commonwealth tracts. +All the principal persons of the time figure in some characteristic +representation, and the private scandal is also recognised in them. +Thus, Oliver is to be found under a strong conflict with Lady Lambert; +Sir Harry Mildmay solicits a citizen's wife, for which his own corrects +him; and he is also being beaten by a footboy,--which event is alluded +to in Butler's _Posthumous Works_. General Lambert, of whom your pages +have given some interesting information, is represented as "The Knight +of the Golden Tulip," evidently in reference to his withdrawal with a +pension to Holland, where he is known to have ardently cultivated +flowers, and to have drawn them in a very superior manner. I hope this +communication may enable me to complete my account of these cards, the +explanation of which may probably throw light upon some of the stirring +events of that extraordinary period of our history. + +T. J. PETTIGREW. + +Saville Row. + + * * * * * + + +MOVABLE METAL TYPES ANNO 1435. + +A vellum MS. has lately come into my possession, containing the Service +for the Dead, Prayers, &c., with the tones for chanting, &c., in Latin, +written for a German Order, apparently about the year 1430. + +This tome, which is in small 4to., is very remarkable and valuable on +account of the binding. This is red leather, stamped with double lines +forming lozenges, and powdered with additional stamps, Or, a lion, a +fleur-de-lys, an eagle, and a star. The whole is on the plain leather, +without any gilding. + +But in addition hereto, a full inscription runs along each back, at top +and bottom and each side, stamped with _movable metal types_ applied by +hand, {406} without gold, as is done by the bookbinder to this day in +blind stamping. + +The legend on the first back is as follows: + + _At top._--"DIEZ . PUCHLE[=I] + _Continued to the right._--IST . S. . MARGRETEN . + _At the bottom._--SCHUEST . AB[=T] . ZU . + _Continued to the left._--S. . KATHERE[=I] . ZU . MUR." + +That is,-- + + "Diez puchlein ist schwester Margreten, sehuest abtisse zu + Sankt Katherein zu Mur." + +The legend on the last back is,-- + + _At top._--"NACH . CRIST . + _Continued to the right._--GEPURT . MCCCCXXXV . + _At bottom._--UVART . GEPUN + _Continued to the left._--D[=E] . DIEZ . PUCH ... K." + +That is,-- + + "Nach Crist gepurt MCCCCXXXV uvart gepunden diez puch ... k." + +The whole inscription will therefore be, in English,-- + + THIS BOOKLET + IS SISTER MARGARET'S, + SISTER-ABBESS AT + SAINT CATHERINE'S AT MUR. + + AFTER CHRIST'S + BIRTH, 1435, + WAS BOUN- + DEN THIS BOOK ... K. + +A letter or two is illegible, from the injury made by the clasp, before +the last K. Both the clasps are torn away, perhaps from their having +been of some precious metal. Has this K anything to do with Koester? + +Can any particulars be given of the abbess, monastery, and town +mentioned? + +Is any other specimen of movable _metal_ types known of so early a date? + +GEORGE STEPHENS. + +Copenhagen. + + * * * * * + + +PORTRAITS AT BRICKWALL HOUSE. + +Among the pictures at Brickwall House, Northiam, Sussex, are the +following portraits by artists whose names are not mentioned either in +Bryan, or Pilkington, or Horace Walpole's notices of painters. I shall +be thankful for any information respecting them. + + 1. A full-length portrait in oils (small size) on canvas (29 inches + by 24) of a gentleman seated, dressed in a handsome loose gown, red + slippers, and on his head a handsome, but very peculiar velvet cap; + on the ground, near him, a squirrel; and on a table by his side, a + ground plan of some fortification. "John Sommer _pinxit_, 1700." + +N. B.--The late Capt. Marryatt, and subsequently another gentleman, +guessed it to be a portrait of Wortley Montague from the peculiar dress; +but the fortification would seem to indicate a military personage. The +picture is well painted. + + 2. A half-length portrait in oils (small size) on canvas (20-1/2 + inches by 17), of an old lady seated; a landscape in the background. + A highly finished and excellent picture; the lace in her cap is most + elaborate. "T. Vander Wilt, 1701." + +N. B.--I conclude this is the artist's name, though possibly it may be +the subject's. + + 3. A pair of portraits (Kit Kat size), of John Knight of Slapton, + Northamptonshire, aged seventy-two; and Catherine his wife, aged + thirty-seven. "Lucas Whittonus _pinxit_, 1736." + +N. B.--Inferior portraits by some provincial artist. I conclude Lucas is +the surname, and Whittonus indicates his locality; if so, what place? + +Whilst on this subject, I would add another Query respecting a picture +in this house: a very highly finished portrait (small size) by Terburgh, +of a gentleman standing, in black gown, long brown wig, and a book on a +table by him. "Andries de Graeff. Obiit lxxiii., MDCLXXIIII." + +Can you tell me anything about this old gentleman? + +T. F. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + + +_Christian Names._--Can any of your correspondents inform me when it +became a common practice to have more than one Christian name? Lord Coke +says (_Co. Litt. 3 a_): + + "And regularly it is requisite that the purchaser be named by the + name of baptism and his surname, and that special heed be taken to + the name of baptism; _for that a man cannot have two names of + baptism as he may have divers surnames._" + +And further on he says: + + "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his + confirmation by the bishop, he is named John, he may purchase by + the name of his confirmation.... And this doth agree with our + ancient books, where it is holden that a man may have divers names + at divers times, _but not divers Christian names_." + +It appears, then, that during the first half of the seventeenth century +a man could not have two Christian names. + +Also, at what period did the custom arise of using as Christian names +words which are properly surnames? + +ERICAS. + + +_Lake of Geneva._--The chronicler Marius (in the second volume of _Dom +Bouquet_) mentions that, in the reign of the sons of Clotaire, an +earthquake or landslip, in the valley of the Upper Rhone, enlarged the +Lemannus, or Genevese Lake, by thirty miles of length and twenty of +breadth, destroying towns and villages. Montfaucon, in his _Monumens de +la Monarchie_, i. p. 63., {407} states that the Lake of Geneva was +formed on this occasion: absurdly, unless he means that upon this +occasion its limits were extended to Geneva, having previously +terminated further east. What vestiges of this catastrophe are now +perceptible? + +A. N. + + +_Clerical Portrait._--May I request the assistance of "N. & Q." in +discovering the name of a reverend person whose portrait I have recently +met with in my parish? The individual from whom I procured it could give +me no other history of it, but that he had bought it at the sale of the +effects of a respectable pawnbroker in the village many years ago. + +Afterwards I learned from another resident in the parish that he well +remembered visiting the shop of the same broker, in company with another +gentleman still living, when this identical portrait was the subject of +conversation, and the broker went into his private room and brought out +a book, conceived to be a magazine, from which he read a description of +the person of whom this was the portrait, to the following effect, viz., +"That he was born of obscure parentage in the parish of Glemham, +Suffolk; that he was sent to school, and afterwards became a great man +and a dignitary of the church, if not a bishop; and became so wealthy +that he gave a large sum for the repairs of Norwich Cathedral." + +These are the only particulars which I have yet ascertained as to the +portrait, for neither of the gentlemen who were present at this +transaction with the broker, though they agree in the circumstances +which I have above narrated, can remember _the name_ of my great +unknown. + +I look, however, with confidence to the wide range of your +correspondents, and hope to receive some clue which may guide me to the +wished-for discovery. + +The portrait is an oil painting, a fine full florid face, with a long +wig of black curly hair resting on the shoulders, gown and band, date +probably from Queen Anne to George II. + +J. T. A. + + +_Arms: Battle-axe._--With some quarterings of Welsh arms in Bisham +(Marlow) of Hobey, is one of three battle-axes. The same appear near +Denbigh, supposed taken in with a L. R. from Vaughan. Query, What family +or families bore three battle-axes? + +A. C. + + +_Bullinger's Sermons._--Will some of your correspondents kindly give me +some information regarding a volume of sermons by Henry Bullinger, which +I have reason to believe is of rather rare occurrence? It is +_Festorum dierum Domini et Servatoris nostri Jesu Christi +Sermones Ecclesiastici: Heinrycho Bullingero, Authore._ There is a +vignette, short preface (on title-page), with a Scripture motto, Matt. +xvii. Date is, "Tiguri apud Christoph. Froschoverum a. MDLVIII." +I believe there is a copy in the University Library, Cambridge. + +ENIVRI. + +Monkstown, Dublin. + + +_Gibbon's Library._--Matthews, in his _Diary of an Invalid_, says, when +visiting Gibbon's house at Lausanne, "His library still remains; but it +is buried and lost to the world. It is the property of Mr. Beckford, and +lies locked up in an uninhabited house at Lausanne" (1st edit. 1820, p. +319.). This was written about 1817. Was the library ever transferred to +Fonthill or to Bath, or does it still remain at Lausanne? + +J. H. M. + + +_Dr. Timothy Bright._--Can any of your correspondents inform me whether +this gentleman, author of a _Treatise on Melancholy_, an edition of +Fox's _Martyrs_, &c., was an ancestor of the Rev. Henry Bright, prebend +of Worcester Cathedral, and instructor of Samuel Butler, author of +_Hudibras_? + +H. A. B. + + +_Townley MSS._--I request to know, where are the Townley MSS.?* They +are quoted by Nicolas in the Scope and Grosvenor Rolls? Also, where are +the MSS. often referred to in the _History of the House of Yvery_ as +then penes the Earl of Egmont; and also a folio of Pedigrees by Camden +Russet? + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + + [* For a notice of the Townley MSS., see "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. + 103.] + +_Order of St. John of Jerusalem._--1. Who were the members of the +British Language of St. John of Jerusalem, when Elizabeth took away +their property? + +2. What members of the British Language were present when, in 1546, the +English commander Upton attacked and defeated the famous Corsair Dragut +at Tarschien in Malta? Also, what members of it were present when the +Chevalier Repton, Grand Prior of England in 1551, was killed, after +signally defeating the Turks in another attack which they made on the +island? + +3. What became of the records of the Language? + +N.B.--Some of them, belonging to the Irish branch of it, were lately +bought of a Jew by a private gentleman in the Grand Duchy of Baden. They +are supposed to have been deposited for security at Heidersheim near +Fribourg, which was the chief seat of the German Language of the Order. + +R. L. P. + +Wartensee, Lake of Constance. + + +_Consecrated Roses, Swords, &c._--Where will any account be found of the +origin of the custom, which has long prevailed at Rome, of the Pope's +blessing, on the eve at certain festivals, roses and {408} other +articles, and which were afterwards frequently presented to sovereigns +and potentates as tokens of friendship and amity? + +G. + + +_West, Kipling, and Millbourne._--In 1752 there was a firm of West and +Kipling in Holborn: the Christian name of West was Thomas; and there is +reason to believe that he had two sons, Francis and Thomas. A George +Millbourne, Esq., of Spring Gardens, married a cousin of Thomas West, +the partner of Kipling: these facts are referred to in the will of a +lady proved A.D. 1764. Can any reader of "N. & Q." furnish me with +materials or references from which I may gather information of these +families of West and Millbourne? The smallest contribution will be +thankfully received by + +F. S. + + +_Font Inscriptions._--I would request the favour of any such of ancient +date. A collection of them would be interesting. I can give three. + +At Lullington, Somerset, on a Norman font, in characters of that date: + + "In hoc Fontu sacro pereunt delicta lavacro." + +At Bourn, Lincoln: + + "Su[=p] o[=m]e no[=m] I H C est no[=m] q[=d]e." + +At Melton Mowbray: + + "Sancta Trinitas misere nobis." + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + + +_Welsh Genealogical Queries_.--Can JOHN AP WILLIAM AP JOHN (Vol. vii., +p. 292.), or some other reader, enlighten me as to who the following +personages were, or where a pedigree of them is to be found: + + 1. Gwladys, da. of Ithel ap Rhys ap Morgan, of Ewias ap Morgan Hir + ap Testyn ap Gwrgant, of 4th royal tribe, who ma. Madog ap + Griffith.--Burke's _Landed Gentry_, "Hughes of Gwerclas." + + 2. Beatrix, da. of Eignion ap David ap Myles ap Griffith ap Owen, + lord of Bromfield; and Honet ap Jago ap Ydwall, prince of Wales, who + ma. William Belward, baron of Malpas. + + 3. Gwernwy, cousin of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, called prince of the 14th + royal tribe, whose grand-da. Hunydd ma. Meredith ap Bleddyn.--_V. + Burke_, as above. + + 4. Gwentlian, wife of the above Gwernwy, da. of Rhys ap Morgan. + + 5. Griffin, son of Wenovewyn, whose da. ma. Fulke Fitzwarine, a + baron, 1295--1314.--_V._ Burke's _Extinct Peerage_. + + 6. Gladys, da. of Rygwallon, prince of Wales, said by Sir Wm. Segar + to be wife of Walter FitzOther, ancestor of Lords Windsor; and what + authority is there for this match?--_V. Collins_, &c. + +As these Queries are not of general interest, I inclose a stamped +envelope for the answers. + +E. H. Y. + + +_The Butler and his Man William._--These mythological personages, the +grotesque creation of Mr. Grosvenor Bedford's fertile imagination, are +frequently referred to and dilated on in the letters addressed to him by +Southey (_Life of Southey_, by his Son, vol. ii. p. 335., &c.), when +urging Mr. Bedford to write a Pantagruelian romance on their lives and +adventures, which however was never accomplished. What therefore is the +meaning of the following paragraph, which appears at the conclusion of +the review of volume ii. of Southey's _Life_, contained in the _Gent.'s +Mag._ for April, 1850, p. 359.? + + "We will only add, that with respect to the _Butler_ mentioned at + p. 335., the editor seems but imperfectly informed. His portrait, + and that of his _man William_, are now hanging on the walls of our + study. His Life is on our table. He himself has long since returned + to the 'august abode' from which he came." + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + + +_Longhi's Portraits of Guidiccioni._--The Count Alessandro Cappi of +Ravenna is about to publish an elaborate life of his fellow-townsman +_Luca Longhi_, with very copious illustrations from that painter's +works. + +He has ransacked Italy in vain for a portrait of Monsignor Giovanni +Guidiccioni, President of Romagna, painted by Luca Longhi in 1540. This +portrait possesses more than ordinary interest, since (to use the words +of Armenini, author of _Veri Precetti della Pittura_) "fu predicato per +maraviglioso in Roma da Michelangelo Buonarrotti." Count Cappi, +supposing that the picture may have found its way to England, hopes by +the publication of this notice to discover its whereabouts. Any +correspondent who shall be kind enough to furnish him, through this +journal, with the desired information, may be assured of his "piu vera +riconoscenza." + +W. G. C. + + +_Sir George Carr._--Wanted, pedigree and arms, wife's name and family, +of Sir George Carr, who was joint clerk of the council of Munster from +1620 to 1663, or thereabouts. Sir George had two sons at least, William +and Thomas; William was alive in 1673. Whom did he marry, and what +family had he? + +Y. S. M. + +Dublin. + + +_Dean Pratt._--DR. HESSEY will feel obliged to any reader of "N. & Q." +who can answer the following questions. + +At what College of what University did Dr. Samuel Pratt, Dean of +Rochester, receive his education, and by whom was he ordained? + +He was born in 1658, left Merchant Taylors' school (where he passed his +early years) in 1677, and was created D.D. by royal mandate, at +Cambridge, in 1697, but no college is attached to his {409} name in the +list of Cambridge graduates. Still, if he was of neither university, it +seems difficult to account for his having had the successive preferments +of Chaplain to the Princess of Denmark, Almoner to the Duke of +Gloucester, Clerk of the Closet to the Queen, and in 1706 Dean of +Rochester. He died in 1728, aged seventy-one. + +Merchant Taylors'. + + +_Portrait of Franklin._--I have heard of a story to the effect that when +Franklin left England, he presented a portrait of himself, by West, to +Thurlow. I am exceedingly anxious to know if there is any foundation for +this, as during the last week I saw in a shop near the chapel here, a +portrait of the philosopher which I rather suspect to be the one alluded +to. + +H. G. D. + +Knightsbridge. + + +"_Enquiry into the State of the Union._"--A book of much importance has +fallen into my hands, entitled-- + + "An Enquiry into the State of the Union of Great Britain. The past + and present State of the public Revenues. By the _Wednesday's_ Club + in _Friday Street_. London: printed for A. and W. Bell, at the + Cross Keys, Cornhill; J. Watts, in Bow Street, Covent Garden: and + sold by B. Barker and C. King, in Westminster Hall; W. Mears and J. + Brown, without Temple Bar; and W. Taylor, in Paternoster Row. + 1717." + +Can any of your correspondents throw a light upon this _Wednesday's_ +Club, in Friday Street? Was it a real club or fictitious? + +By so doing you would greatly oblige me, and afford important +information to this office. + +JAMES A. DAVIES. + +National Debt Office. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS. + + +_Bishop of Oxford in 1164._--Among the names of the bishops who signed +the Constitutions of Clarendon I see "Bartholomeus Oxoniensis +Episcopus." How is this signature accounted for? There are no other +signatures of suffragan or inferior bishops attached. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + + [Clearly a misprint for Bartholomeus _Exoniensis_ Episcopus, the + celebrated Bartholomew Iscanus, the opponent of Thomas a Becket. + Our correspondent should have given the title of the work where he + found the signatures, as they are not appended to the + "Constitutions" in Matthew Paris, Spelman, or Wilkins.] + + +_Roman Inscription found at Battle Bridge._--I shall be very much +obliged if any one of your numerous readers or correspondents will be so +kind as to furnish me with an authentic copy of the inscription on the +Roman stone which in July 1842 was found at Battle Bridge, St. Pancras, +and also state where the original stone is to be seen. The account of +the discovery of the stone is mentioned in a paragraph which appeared in +_The Times_ newspaper of the 30th July, 1842, in the following manner: + + "ANTIQUITIES DISCOVERED.--A Roman inscription has within these few + days past been discovered at Battle Bridge, otherwise, by an absurd + change of denomination, known as King's Cross, New Road, St. + Pancras. This discovery appears fully to justify the conjectures of + Stukeley and other antiquaries, that the great battle between the + Britons under Boadicea and the Romans under Suetonius Paulinus took + place at this spot. Faithful tradition, in the absence of all + decisive evidence, still pointed to the place by the appellation of + Battle Bridge. The inscription, which in parts is much obliterated, + bears distinctly the letters 'LEG. XX.' The writer of this notice + has not yet had an opportunity personally to examine it, but speaks + from the information of an antiquarian friend. The twentieth + legion, it is well known, was one of the four which came into + Britain in the reign of Claudius, and contributed to its + subjugation: the vexillation of this legion was in the army of + Suetonius Paulinus when he made that victorious stand in a + fortified pass, with a forest in his rear, against the insurgent + Britons. The position is sketched by Tacitus, and antiquaries well + know that on the high ground above Battle Bridge there are vestiges + of Roman works, and that the tract of land to the north was + formerly a forest. The veracity of the following passage of Tacitus + is therefore fully confirmed:--'Deligitque locum artis + faucibus, et a tergo sylva clausum; satis cognito, nihil hostium, + nisi in fronte, et apertam planitiem esse, sine metu insidiarum.' + He further tells us that the force of Suetonius was composed of + 'Quartadecima legio cum _vexillariis vicessimariis_ et e proximis + auxiliares.'" + +S. R. + + [A sketch of this fragment of stone, discovered by Mr. E. B. Price, + is given in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for August, 1842, p. 144.] + + +_Blow-shoppes._-- + + "Wild bores, bulls, and falcons bredde there in times paste; now, + for lakke of woodde, blow-shoppes decay there."--Leland's _Itin._, + Hearne's edit., vol. vii. p. 42. + +What is the meaning of _blow-shoppe_? + +J. B. + + [Leland appears to refer to blacksmiths' forges, which decayed for + lack of wood.] + + +_Bishop Hesketh_ (Vol. vii., p 209.).--There is evidently an error in +your note respecting the death of Bishop Hesketh, but it is one common +to all the lists of Manx bishops to which I have access. You state that +he died in 1510: it is certain that he was living in 1520. + +He was a son of Robert Hesketh, of Rufford, co. Lanc., and his brother +Richard Hesketh, "learned in the lawe," and who is stated by Kimber to +have been Attorney-General to King Hen. VIII., {410} by his will, dated +15th August, 1520, appointed his "trusty brethren Hugh, bishopp of +Manne, and Thomas Hesketh, esquier," executors, and proceeded: + + "I wyll that the said Bishopp shall haue a goblett of syluer w't a + couir, and my said brothir Thomas to haue a pouncid bool of syluer, + a counterpoynt, and a cordyn gemnete bedde w't the hangings, a + paire of fustyan blanketts, and a paire of shetys, and a fether + bedde that lyeth uppon the same bedde, for their labours." + +So that the vacancy, if there really was any, between his death and the +consecration of Bishop Stanley, is much less than is generally supposed. + +H. A. + + [Our authority for the date of Bishop Hesketh's death was Bishop + Hildesley's MS. list of the Manx bishops, which he presented to the + British Museum, and which appears to have been carefully compiled. + His words are, "Huan Hesketh died 1510, and was buried in his + cathedral of St. Germans in Peel." It is clear, however, there is + an error somewhere, which did not escape the notice of William + Cole, the Cambridge antiquary; for in his MS. Collections, vol. + xxvi. p. 24., he has the following entry:--"Huan Hesketh was living + 13 Henry VIII., 1531, at which time Thomas Earl of Derby appointed, + among others, Sir Hugh Hesketh, Bishop of Man, to be one of his + executors. (See Collins's _Peerage_, vol. ii. p. 33.) Wolsey was + appointed supervisor of the will, and is in it called Lord + Chancellor: he was so made 1516, which proves that he was alive + after 1510. The will of Richard Hesketh, Esq.--to be buried in his + chapel at Rufford: executors, Hugh Hesketh, Bishop of Man, his + brother; and Thomas Hesketh, Esq.--was proved Nov. 13, 1520. (In + _Reg. Manwaring_, 3.) He continued bishop, I presume, forty-three + years, from 1487 to 1530. It is plain he was so thirty-four + years."] + +_Form of Prayer for Prisoners._-- + + "It is not, perhaps, generally known, that we have a form of prayer + for prisoners, which is printed in the Irish Common Prayer-Book, + though not in ours. Mrs. Berkeley, in whose preface of prefaces to + her son's poems I first saw this mentioned, regrets the omission; + observing, that the very fine prayer for those under sentence of + death, might, being read by the children of the poor, at least keep + them from the gallows. The remark is just."--Southey's _Omniana_, + vol. i. p. 50. + +What Irish Common Prayer-Book is here meant? I have the books issued by +the late Ecclesiastical History Society, but do not see the service +among them. Could the prayer referred to be transferred to "N. & Q.;" or +where is the said Irish Prayer-Book to be found? + +THOMAS LAWRENCE. + +Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + [The Book of Common Prayer according to the use of the Church of + Ireland, we believe, may frequently be met with. An edition in + folio, 1740, is in the British Museum, containing "The Form of + Prayer for the Visitation of Prisoners, treated upon by the + Archbishops and Bishops, and the rest of the Clergy of Ireland, and + agreed upon by Her Majesty's License in their Synod, holden at + Dublin in the Year 1711." We are inclined to think that Mrs. + Berkeley must have intended its beautiful exhortation--not the + prayer--for the use of the poor. See "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 246.] + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + + +EDMUND SPENSER, AND SPENSERS, OR SPENCERS, OF HURSTWOOD. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 303. 362.) + +Without entering on the question as to possible connexion of the poet +with the family above mentioned, the discussion may be simplified by +solving a difficulty suggested by CLIVIGER (p. 362.), arising from +Hurstwood Hall (_another estate in Hurstwood_) having been possessed by +Townley, and by explaining, 1st, The identity of the tenement once owned +by Spencers; 2ndly, The seeming cause of Whitaker's silence; and, 3rdly, +The certainty of possession by the Spencers. + +I. The former estate of the Spencers in Hurstwood is a tenement which +was purchased by the late Rev. John Hargreaves from the representatives +of William Ormerod, of Foxstones, in Cliviger, in 1803, and which had +been conveyed in 1690, by John Spencer, then of Marsden, to Oliver +Ormerod of Hurstwood, and his son Laurence; the former of these being +youngest son, by a second marriage, of Peter Ormerod of Ormerod, and +co-executor of his will in 1650. So much for the locality. + +II. As for Dr. Whitaker's silence, I know, from correspondence with him +(1808-1816), that, from an irregularity in the Prerogative Office, he +was not aware of this will, and uninformed as to this second marriage, +or the connexion of this purchaser's family with the parent house; and I +think it as probable that he was as unaware of the ancient possession of +the purchased tenement by Spencers, as it is certain that this theory as +to the connexion of the poet with it was _then_ unknown. If otherwise, +he would doubtless have extended his scale, and included it. + +III. As to the certainty of possession by Spencers, I have brief +extracts from deeds as to this tenement as follows:-- + +1677. Indenture of covenants for a fine, between _John Spencer the +elder_, and Oliver Ormerod of Cliviger, and note of fine. + +1687. Will of same _John Spencer_, late of Hurstwood, mentioning +possession of this tenement as the inheritance of his +_great-grandfather_, _Edmund Spencer_. + +1689. Family arrangements of _John Spencer_ (the son) as to same +tenement, then in occupation of "Oliver Ormeroyde" before mentioned. + +{411} +1690. Conveyance from _John Spencer_ to O. and L. O., as before +mentioned. + +In _Gentleman's Magazine_, August, 1842 (pp. 141, 142.), will be found +numerous notices of these Spen_c_ers or Spen_s_ers, with identified +localities from registers. + +I think that this explanation will solve the difficulty suggested by +CLIVIGER. On the main question I have not grounds sufficient for an +opinion, but add a reference to _Gentleman's Magazine_, March, 1848, p. +286., for a _general objection_ by MR. CROSSLEY, President of the +Chetham Society, who is well acquainted with the locality. + +LANCASTRIENSIS. + +I was about to address some photographic Queries to the correspondents +of "N. & Q." when a note caught my attention relating to Edmund Spenser +(in the Number dated March 26.). The Mr. F. F. Spenser mentioned therein +was related to me, being my late father's half-brother. I regret to say +that he died very suddenly at Manchester, Nov. 2, 1852. During his +lifetime, he took much pains to clear up the doubts about the locality +of the poet's retirement, and his relatives in the North; and has made +out a very clear case, I imagine. On a visit to Yorkshire in 1851, I +spent a few days with him, and took occasion to urge the necessity of +arranging the mass of information he had accumulated on the subject; +which I have no doubt he would have done, had not his sudden death +occurred to prevent it. These facts may be of some interest to +biographers of the poet, and with this object I have ventured to trouble +you with this communication. + +J. B. SPENCER. + +11. Montpellier Road, Blackheath. + + * * * * * + + +THROWING OLD SHOES FOR LUCK. + +(Vol. ii., p. 196.; Vol. v., p. 413.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 288.) + +I do not know whether you will permit me to occupy a small portion of +your valuable space in an attempt to suggest an origin of the custom of +throwing an old shoe after a newly married bride. + +Your correspondents assume that the old shoe was thrown after the bride +_for luck_, and for luck only. I doubt whether it was so in its origin. + +Among barbarous nations, all transfers of property, all assertions and +relinquishments of rights of dominion, were marked by some external +ceremony or rite; by which, in the absence of written documents, the +memory of the vulgar might be impressed. When, among Scandinavian +nations, land was bought or sold, a turf was delivered by the trader to +the purchaser: and among the Jews, and probably among other oriental +nations, a shoe answered the same purpose. + +In Psalm lx., beginning with "O God, thou hast cast me off," there +occurs the phrase, "Moab is my washpot, over Edom have I cast out my +shoe." Immediately after it occurs the exclamation, "O God! who has cast +us off!" A similar passage occurs in Psalm cix. + +By this passage I understand the Psalmist to mean, that God would +thoroughly cast off Edom, and cease to aid him in war or peace. This +interpretation is consistent with the whole tenor of the Psalm. + +The receiving of a shoe was an evidence and symbol of asserting or +accepting dominion or ownership; the giving back a shoe, the symbol of +rejecting or resigning it. + +Among the Jews, the brother of a childless man was bound to marry his +widow: or, at least, he "had the refusal of her," and the lady could not +marry again till her husband's brother had formally rejected her. The +ceremony by which this rejection was performed took place in open court, +and is mentioned in Deut. xxv. If the brother publicly refused her, "she +loosed his shoe from off his foot, and spat in his face;" or, as great +Hebraists translate it, "spat before his face." _His_ giving up the shoe +was a symbol that _he_ abandoned all dominion over her; and _her_ +spitting before _him_ was a defiance, and an assertion of independence. +This construction is in accordance with the opinions of Michaelis, as +stated in his _Laws of Moses_, vol. ii. p. 31. + +This practice is still further illustrated by the story of Ruth. Her +nearest kinsman refused to marry her, and to redeem her inheritance: he +was publicly called on so to do by Boaz, and as publicly refused. And +the Bible adds, "as it was the custom in Israel concerning changing, +that a man plucked off his shoe and delivered it to his neighbour," the +kinsman plucked off his shoe and delivered it to Boaz as a public +renunciation of Ruth, of all dominion over her, and of his right of +pre-marriage. + +These ceremonies were evidently not unknown to the early Christians. +When the Emperor Wladimir made proposals of marriage to the daughter of +Raguald, she refused him, saying, "That she would not take off her shoe +to the son of a slave." + +There is a passage in _Gregory of Tours_ (c. 20.) where, speaking of +espousals, he says, "The bridegroom having given a ring to the fiancee, +presents her with a shoe." + +From Michelet's _Life of Luther_ we learn, that the great reformer was +at the wedding of Jean Luffte. After supper, he conducted the bride to +bed, and told the bridegroom that, according to common custom, he ought +to be master in his own house _when_ his wife was not there: and for a +symbol, he took off the husband's shoe, and put it upon the head of the +bed--"afin qu'il prit ainsi la domination et gouvernement." + +{412} +I would suggest for the consideration of your correspondents that the +throwing a shoe after a bride was a symbol of renunciation of dominion +and authority over her by her father or guardian; and the receipt of the +shoe by the bridegroom, even if accidental, was an omen that that +authority was transferred to him. + +JOHN THRUPP. + +Surbiton. + + * * * * * + + +ORKNEYS IN PAWN. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 105. 183.) + +That the Orkney and Zetland Islands were transferred by Denmark to +Scotland in 1468, in pledge for payment of part of the dower of the +Princess of Denmark, who was married to James III., King of Scotland, +under right of redemption by Denmark, is an admitted historic fact; but +it is asserted by the Scottish, and denied by the Danish historians, +that Denmark renounced her right of redemption of these Islands. The +question is fully discussed, with references to every work and passage +treating of the matter, in the first introductory note to the edition of +_The General Grievances and Oppressions of the Isles of Orkney and +Shetland_, published at Edinburgh, 1836. And the writer of the note is +led to the conclusion that there was no renunciation, and that Denmark +still retains her right of redemption. Mr. Samuel Laing, in his _Journal +of a Residence in Norway_, remarks, that the object of Torfaeus' +historical work, _Orcades, seu Rerum Orcadensium Historiae libri tres_, +compiled by the express command of Christian V., King of Denmark, was to +vindicate the right of the Danish monarch to redeem the mortgage of the +sovereignty of these islands; and he adds, that in 1804, Bonaparte, in a +proclamation addressed to the army assembled at Boulogne for the +invasion of England, descanted on the claim of Denmark to this portion +of the British dominions. In a note he has the farther statement, that +in 1549 an assessment for paying off the sum for which Orkney and +Zetland were pledged was levied in Norway by Christian III. (_Vide_ +Laing's _Norway_, 1837, pp. 352, 353.) From the preceding notice, it +would appear, that Denmark never renounced her right of redemption, now +merely a matter of antiquarian curiosity. And it is pertinent to +mention, that the connexion of Orkney and Zetland was with Norway, not +Denmark. I observe in the Catalogue of MSS., in the Cottonian Library in +the British Museum (Titus C. VII. art. 71. f. 134.), "Notes on King of +Denmark's Demand of the Orcades, 1587-8," which may throw some light on +the matter. + +In the historical sketch given by Broctuna, Kenneth II., King of +Scotland, is said to have taken the Orkneys from the Picts A.D. 838; and +that they remained attached to that kingdom till 1099, when Donald Bain, +in recompense of aid given to him by Magnus, King of Norway, gifted all +the Scotch isles, including the Orkneys, to Norway. This is not what is +understood to be the history of Orkney. + +In the middle of the ninth century, Harold Harfager, one of the reguli +of Norway, subdued the other petty rulers, and made himself king of the +whole country. The defeated party fled to Orkney, and other islands of +the west: whence, betaking themselves to piracy, they returned to ravage +the coast of Norway. Harold pursued them to their places of refuge, and +conquered and colonised Orkney about A.D. 875. The Norwegians at that +time destroyed or expelled the race then inhabiting these islands. They +are supposed to have been Picts, and to have received Christianity at an +earlier date, but it is doubtful if there were Christians in Orkney at +that period: however, Depping says expressly, that Earl Segurd, the +second Norwegian earl, expelled the Christians from these isles. I may +remark, that the names of places in Orkney and Zetland are Norse, and +bear descriptive and applicable meanings in that tongue; but hesitate to +extend these names beyond the Norwegian colonisation, and to connect +them with the Picts or other earlier inhabitants. No argument can be +founded on the rude and miserable subterraneous buildings called Picts' +houses, which, if they ever were habitations, or anything else than +places of refuge, must have belonged to a people in a very low grade of +civilisation. Be this as it may, Orkney and Zetland remained under the +Norwegian dominion from the time of Harold Harfager till they were +transferred to Scotland by the marriage treaty in 1468, a period of +about six hundred years. What cannot easily be accounted for, is the +discovery of two Orkney and Zetland deeds of the beginning of the +fifteenth century prior to the transfer, written not in Norse, but in +the Scottish language. + +R. W. + + * * * * * + + +HOGARTH'S PICTURES. + +(Vol. vii., p. 339.) + +The numerous and interesting inquiries of AN AMATEUR respecting a +catalogue of Hogarth's works has brought to my recollection the +discovery of one of them, which I was so fortunate as to see in its +original situation. About the year 1815 I was invited by a friend, who +was an artist, to visit a small public-house in Leadenhall Street, to +see a picture by Hogarth: it was "The Elephant," since, I believe, +pulled down, being in a ruinous condition. In the tap-room, on the wall, +almost obscured by the dirt and smoke, and grimed by the rubbing of +numberless foul jackets, was an indisputable picture by the renowned +Hogarth. It represented the meeting of the committee of the {413} South +Sea Company, and doubtless the figures were all portraits. It was +painted in his roughest manner; but every head was stamped with that +character for which he stood unrivalled. I have since heard that, when +the house was pulled down, this picture was sold as one of the lots, in +the sale of furniture, and bought by a dealer. It was painted on the +wall, like a fresco; and how to remove it was the difficulty. On +sounding the wall it was found to be lath and plaster, with timber +framework (the usual style of building in the reign of Elizabeth). It +was therefore determined to cut it out in substance, which was +accordingly performed; and by the help of chisels, thin crowbars, and +other instruments, it was safely detached. The plaster was then removed +from the back down to the priming, and the picture was backed with +strong canvas. It was then cleaned from all its defilement, and, on +being offered for sale at a good price, was bought by a nobleman, whose +name I have not heard, and is now in his collection. + +I do not know whether your correspondent has heard of Hogarth's portrait +of Fielding. The story, as I have heard or read it, is as +follows:--Hogarth and Garrick sitting together after dinner, Hogarth was +lamenting there was no portrait of Fielding, when Garrick said, "I think +I can make his face."--"Pray, try my dear Davy," said the other. Garrick +then made the attempt, and so well did he succeed, that Hogarth +immediately caught the likeness, and exclaimed with exultation, "Now I +have him: keep still, my dear Davy." To work he went with pen and ink, +and the likeness was finished by their mutual recollections. This sketch +has been engraved from the original drawing, and is preserved among +several original drawings and prints in the _illustrated_ copy of +Lysons's _Environs_, vol. i. p. 544., in the King's Library, British +Museum. + +While I am writing about unnoticed pictures by what may be called +_erratic_ artists, I may mention that in the parlour of the "King's +Head," corner of New Road and Hampstead Road, on the panel of a +cupboard, is a half-length of a farmer's boy, most probably the work of +G. Morland, who visited this house on his way to Hampstead, and probably +paid his score by painting this picture; which is well known to have +been his usual way of paying such debts. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +Agreeably to the suggestion of AN AMATEUR, I beg to send you the +following list of pictures, from a catalogue in my possession: + + CATALOGUE of the Pictures and Prints, the property of the late Mrs. + Hogarth, deceased, sold by Mr. Greenwood, the Golden Head, + Leicester Square, Saturday, April 24, 1790. + +_Pictures by Mr. Hogarth._ + + 41. Two portraits of Ann and Mary Hogarth. + 42. A daughter of Mr. Rich the comedian, finely coloured. + 43. The original portrait of Sir James Thornhill. + 44. The heads of six servants of Mr. Hogarth's family. + 45. His own portrait--a head. + 46. A ditto--a whole-length painting. + 47. A ditto, Kit Kat, with the favourite dog, exceeding fine. + 48. Two portraits of Lady Thornhill and Mrs. Hogarth. + 49. The first sketch of the Rake's Progress. + 50. A ditto of the altar of Bristol Church. + 51. The Shrimp Girl--a sketch. + 52. Sigismunda. + 53. A historical sketch, by Sir James Thornhill. + 54. Two sketches of Lady Pembroke and Mr. John Thornhill. + 55. Three old pictures. + 56. The bust of Sir Isaac Newton, terra cotta. + 57. Ditto of Mr. Hogarth, by Roubilliac. + 58. Ditto of the favourite dog, and cast of Mr. Hogarth's hand. + +W. D. HAGGARD. + + * * * * * + + +PHANTOM BELLS AND LOST CHURCHES. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 128. 200. 328.) + +In a little brochure entitled _Christmas, its History and Antiquity_, +published by Slater, London, 1850, the writer says that-- + + "In Berkshire it is confidently asserted, that if any one watches + on Christmas Eve he will hear _subterranean bells_; and in the + mining districts the workmen declare that at this sacred season + high mass is performed with the greatest solemnity on that evening + in the mine which contains the most valuable lobe of ore, which is + supernaturally lighted up with candles in the most brilliant + manner, and the service changed by unseen choristers."--P. 46. + +The poet Uhland has a beautiful poem entitled _Die Verlorne Kirche_. +Lord Lindsay says: + + "I subjoin, in illustration of the symbolism, and the peculiar + emotions born of Gothic architecture, _The Lost Church_ of the poet + Uhland, founded, I apprehend, on an ancient tradition of the + Sinaitic peninsula."--_Sketches of Christian Art._ + +I give the first stanza of his translation: + + "Oft in the forest far one hears + A passing sound of distant bells; + Nor legends old, nor human wit, + Can tell us whence the music swells. + From the _Lost Church_ 'tis thought that soft + Faint ringing cometh on the wind: + Once many pilgrims trod the path, + But no one now the way can find." + +See also _Das Versunkene Kloster_, by the same sweet poet, +commencing: + + "Ein Kloster ist versunken + Tief in den wilden See." + +After Port Royal (in the West Indies) was submerged, at the close of the +seventeenth century, sailors in those parts for many years had {414} +stories of anchoring in the chimneys and steeples, and would declare +they heard the church bells ringing beneath the water, agitated by the +waves or spirits of the deep. + +The case of the Round Towers seen in Lough Neagh, I need not bring +forward, as no sound of bells has ever been heard from them. + +There is one _lost church_ so famous as to occur to the mind of every +reader, I mean that of the Ten Tribes of Israel. After the lapse of +thousands of years, we have here an historical problem, which time, +perhaps, will never solve. We have a less famous, but still most +interesting, instance of a lost church in Greenland. Soon after the +introduction of Christianity, about the year 1000, a number of churches +and a monastery were erected along the east coast of Greenland, and a +bishop was ordained for the spiritual guidance of the colony. For some +four hundred years an intercourse was maintained between this colony and +Norway and Denmark. In the year 1406 the last bishop was sent over to +Greenland. Since then the colony _has not been heard of_. Many have been +the attempts to recover this lost church of East Greenland, but hitherto +in vain. + +I could send you a Note on a cognate subject, but I fear it would occupy +too much of your space,--that of _Happy Isles_, or _Islands of the +Blessed_. The tradition respecting these happy isles is very +wide-spread, and obtains amongst nearly every nation of the globe; it +is, perhaps, a relic of a primeval tradition of Eden. Some have caught +glimpses of these isles, and some more favoured mortals have even +landed, and returned again with senses dazzled at the ravishing sights +they have seen. But in every case after these rare favours, these mystic +lands have remained invisible as before, and the way to them has been +sought for in vain. Such are the tales told with reverent earnestness, +and listened to with breathless interest, not only by the Egyptians, +Greeks, and Romans of old, but by the Irishman, the Welshman, the +Hindoo, and the Red Indian of to-day. + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES. + + +_Photographic Collodion_ (Vol. vii., p. 314.).--In a former +communication I pointed out the wide differences in the various +manipulations prescribed for making the photographic _gun cotton_ by +several photographers: differences most perplexing to persons of small +leisure, and who are likely to lose half the opportunities of a +photographic season, whilst puzzling over these diversities of +proceeding. Suffer me now to entreat some one to whom all may look up +(perhaps your kind and experienced correspondent DR. DIAMOND will do +this service, so valuable to young photographers) to clear up the +differences I will now "make a note of," viz. as to the amount of dry +photographic gun cotton to be used in forming the prepared collodion. + +On comparing various authors, and _reducing_ their directions to a +standard of _one ounce of ether_, I find the following differences: +viz., DR. DIAMOND (Vol. vi., p. 277.) prescribes _about_ three grains of +gun cotton; Mr. Hennah (_Directions, &c._, p. 5.) about seven grains; +the Count de Montizon (_Journ. of Phot. Soc._, p. 23.) eight grains; +whilst Mr. Bingham (_Supplement to Phot. Manip._, p. 2.) directs about +_thirty-four_ grains! in each case to a single ounce of ether. + +These differences are too wide to come within even Mr. Archer's "long +range," that "the proportions ... must depend entirely upon the strength +and the thickness required ... the skill of the operator and the season +of the year." (Archer's _Manual_, p. 17.) + +COKELY. + + +_Filtering Collodion._--Count de Montizon, in his valuable paper on the +collodion process, published in the second number of the _Journal of the +Photographic Society_, objects to filtration on the ground that the +silver solution is often injured by impurities contained in the paper. +It may be worth while to state, that lime, and other impurities, may be +removed by soaking the filter for a day or two, before it is used, in +water acidulated with nitric acid; after which it should be washed with +hot water and dried. + +T. D. EATON. + + +_Photographic Notes_ (Vol. vii., p. 363.).--I wish to correct an error +in my communication in "N. & Q." of April 9: in speaking of "a more +_even_ film," I meant a film more _evenly sensitive_. I am sorry I have +misled MR. SHADBOLT as to my meaning. I have very rarely any "spottings" +in my pictures; but I always drop the plates once or twice into the +bath, after the two minutes' immersion, to wash off any loose particles. +I also drain off all I can of the nitrate of silver solution before +placing the glass in the camera, and for three reasons:--1. Because it +saves material; 2. Because the lower part of dark frame is kept free +from liquid; 3. Because a "flowing sheet" of liquid must interfere +somewhat with the passage of light to the film, and consequently with +the sharpness of the picture. I think it is clear, from MR. SHADBOLT'S +directions to MR. MERITT, that it is no very easy thing to cement a +glass bath with marine glue. + +J. L. SISSON. + + +_Colouring Collodion Pictures_ (Vol. vii., p. 388.).--In your impression +of April 16, there is a typographical error of some importance relative +to lifting the collodion in and out of the bath: "The plate, after being +plunged in, should be allowed to repose quietly from twenty to thirty +_minutes_," &c. This should be _seconds_. The error arose, in all {415} +probability, from my having used the contractions 20" to 30". + +It may appear somewhat droll for any one to answer a question on which +he has _not_ had experience; but I beg to offer as a _suggestion_ to + PHOTO, that if he wishes to use collodion pictures for the purpose of +dissolving views, he should first copy them in the camera as transparent +objects so as to _reverse_ the light and shade, then varnish them with +DR. DIAMOND'S solution of amber in chloroform, when they will bear the +application of transparent colours ground in varnish, such as are used +for painting magic-lantern slides. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + + +_Gutta Percha Baths_ (Vol. vii., p. 314.).--In "N. & Q." for March 26, I +ventured to recommend to H. HENDERSON gutta percha, as a material for +nitrate of silver baths. I did this from a knowledge that hundreds of +them were in use, but chiefly because I have found them answer so well. +In the same Number the Editor gives MR. HENDERSON very opposite advice; +and, had I seen his opinion before my notes appeared, I should certainly +have kept them back. But it is, I think, a matter of some importance, +especially to beginners, to have it settled, whether gutta percha has +the effect of causing "unpleasant markings" in collodion pictures or +not. With all due deference to the Editor's opinion, I do not believe +that gutta percha baths are injurious to the finished picture. I have +never any markings in my glass positives now, but what may be traced +with certainty to some unevenness in the film or dirtiness on the glass. +And I hope that the number of beginners who are using gutta percha +baths, and who are troubled with these unpleasant markings (as all +beginners are, whether they use glass or gutta percha), will not, +without some very careful experiments, lay the fault upon the gutta +percha. In the Number for April 2, the Editor thanks me for what he is +pleased to call "the very beautiful specimen of _my skill_." This was a +small glass positive, which I sent him in accordance with an offer of +mine in a former note. Now, _that_ was rendered sensitive in a gutta +percha bath, which I have had in use for months; and I think I may +appeal to the Editor as to the absence of all unpleasant markings in it. +Probably it may be a good plan for those who make the baths for +themselves to adopt the following simple method of cleaning them at +first. Fill the bath with water, changing it every day for a week or so. +Then wash it with strong nitric acid, and wash once or twice afterwards. +Always keep the nitrate of silver solution in the bath, with a cover +over it. Never filter, unless there is a great deal of extraneous matter +at the bottom. If glass baths are used, cemented together with +sealing-wax, &c., I imagine they might be as objectionable as gutta +percha. The number of inquiries for a diagram of my head-rest, &c., from +all parts of the kingdom--Glasgow, Paisley, Manchester, Leicester, +Leeds, Newcastle, Durham, &c. &c.--proves the very large number of +photographic subscribers "N. & Q." possesses. I think, therefore, it +cannot but prove useful to discuss in its pages the question of the +advantage or disadvantage of gutta percha. + +J. L. SISSON. + +Edingthorpe Rectory, North Walsham. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + + +_Pilgrimages to the Holy Land_ (Vol. v., p. 289.).--I beg to inform W. +M. R. E. (Vol. vii., p. 341.) that, though I have never met with a +printed copy of the "Itinerary to the Holy Land" of _Gabriele +Capodilista_ (the Perugia edition of 1472, mentioned by Brunet, being +undoubtedly a book of very great rarity, and perhaps the only one ever +printed), I have in my possession a very beautiful manuscript of the +work on vellum, which appears to have been presented by the author to +the nuns of St. Bernardino of Padua. It is a small folio; and the first +page is illuminated in a good Italian style of the fifteenth century. It +is very well written in the Venetian dialect, and commences thus: + + "Venerabilibus ac Devotissimis D[=n]e Abbatissae et + Monialibus Ecclesiae Sancti Bernardini de Padua salut[=e] in + D[=NO].--Ritrovandomi ne li tempi in questa mia opereta descripti, + Io Gabriel Capodelista Cavalier Padoano dal su[=m]o Idio inspirato + et dentro al mio cor concesso fermo proposito di vistare + personalmente el Sanctissimo loco di Jerusalem," &c. + +This MS., which was formerly in the library of the Abbati Canonici, I +purchased, with others, at Venice in 1835. + +If W. M. R. E. has any wish to see it, and will communicate such wish to +me through the medium of the publisher of "N. & Q.," I shall be happy to +gratify his curiosity. I do not know whether there is any MS. of +Capodilista's Itinerary in the British Museum. + +W. SNEYD. + + +"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_" (Vol vii., p. 358.).--The authorship +of the tract concerning which MR. FRASER inquires, is assigned to Sir +Bartholomew Shower, not by the Bodleian Catalogue only, but also by Sir +Walter Scott, in his edition of the Somers' _Tracts_ (vol. ix. p. 411.), +as well as by Dr. Watt, in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_. The only +authorities for ascribing it to Dr. Binckes which I have been able to +discover, are Dr. Edmund Calamy, in his _Life and Times_ (vol. i. p. +397.), and the Rev. Thomas Lathbury, in his _History of the Convocation +of the Church of England_ (p. 283.); but neither of those authors gives +the source from which his information is {416} derived: and Mr. +Lathbury, who appears perfectly unaware that the tract had ever been +ascribed to Sir Bartholomew Shower, a lawyer, remarks: "It is worthy of +observation that the author of the _letter_ professes to be a lawyer, +though such was not the case, Dr. Binckes being a clergyman." Dr. +Kennett also, in his _Ecclesiastical Synods_, p. 19., referred to by Mr. +Lathbury, speaking of Archbishop Wake's reply, says: "I remember one +little prejudice to it, that it was wrote by a divine, whereas the +argument required an able lawyer; and the very writer of the _Letter to +a Convocation Man_ suggesting himself to be of that profession, there +was the greater equity, there should be the like council of one side as +there had been of the other."--It has occurred to me that the mistake of +assigning the tract to Dr. Binckes may possibly have been occasioned by +the circumstance that another tract, with the following title, published +in 1701, has the initials W. B. at the end of it,--_A Letter to a +Convocation Man, by a Clergyman in the Country_. I have examined both +tracts, and they are quite different, and leave no appearance of having +proceeded from the same hand. + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + + +_King Robert Bruce's Coffin-plate_ (Vol vii., p. 356.) was a modern +forgery, but not discovered to be so, of course, until after publication +of the beautiful engraving of it in the _Transactions of the Scottish +Society of Antiquaries_, which was made at the expense of, and presented +to the Society by, the barons of the Exchequer. + +I believe that a notice of the forgery was published in a subsequent +volume. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + + +_Eulenspiegel or Howleglas_ (Vol. vii., p. 357.).--The following extract +from my note-book may be of use: + + "The German Rogue, or the Life and Merry Adventures, Cheats, + Stratagems, and Contrivances of Tiel Eulenspiegle. + + 'Let none Eulenspiegle's artifices blame, + For Rogues of every country are the same.' + + London, printed in the year MDCCIX. The only copy of this edition I + ever saw was one which had formerly belonged to Ritson, and which I + purchased of Thomas Rodd, but afterwards relinquished to my old + friend Mr. Douce." + +This copy, therefore, is no doubt now in the Bodleian. I have never +heard of any other. + +While on the subject of Eulenspiegel, I would call your correspondent's +attention to some curious remarks on the Protestant and Romanist +versions of it in the _Quarterly Review_, vol. xxi. p. 108. + +I may also take this opportunity of informing him that a very cleverly +illustrated edition of it was published by Scheible of Stuttgart in +1838, and that a passage in the _Hettlingischen Sassenchronik_ +(Caspar Abel's Sammlung, p. 185.), written in 1455, goes to prove that +Dyll Ulnspiegel, as the wag is styled in the Augsburgh edition of 1540, +is no imaginary personage, inasmuch as under the date of 1350 the +chronicler tells of a very grievous pestilence which raged through the +whole world, and that "dosulfest sterff Ulenspeygel to Moellen." + +I am unable to answer the Query respecting Murner's visit to England. +The most complete account of his life and writings is, I believe, that +prefixed by Scheible to his edition of Murner's _Narrenbeschwoerung_, and +his satirical dissertation _Ob der Koenig von England ein Luegner sey, +oder der Luther_. + +WILLIAM J. THOMS. + + +_Sir Edwin Sadleir_ (Vol. vii., p. 357.).--Sir Edwin Sadleir, of Temple +Dinsley, in the county of Hertford, Bart., was the third son of Sir +Edwin Sadleir (created a baronet by Charles II.), by Elizabeth, daughter +of Sir Walter Walker, Knt., LL.D. His elder brothers having died in +infancy, he succeeded, on his father's death in 1672, to his honour and +estates, and subsequently married Mary, daughter and coheiress of John +Lorymer, citizen and apothecary of London, and widow of William Croone, +M.D. This lady founded the algebra lectures at Cambridge, and also +lectures in the College of Physicians and the Royal Society. (See +Chauncy's _Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire_, folio edit., 397, +or 8vo. edit., ii. 179, 180.; Ward's _Lives of the Gresham Professors_, +322. 325.; Sir Ralph Sadler's _State Papers_, ii. 610.; Weld's _History +of the Royal Society_, i. 289.) In the Sadler State Papers, Sir Edwin +Sadleir is stated to have died 30th September, 1706: but that was the +date of Lady Sadleir's death; and, according to Ward, Sir Edwin Sadleir +survived her. He died without issue, and thereupon the baronetcy became +extinct. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + + +_Belfry Towers separate from the Body of the Church_ (Vol. vii., p. +333.).--The tower of the parish church of Llangyfelach, in +Glamorganshire, is raised at some little distance from the building. In +the legends of the place, this is accounted for by a belief that the +devil, in his desire to prevent the erection of the church, carried off +a portion of it as often as it was commenced; and that he was at length +only defeated by the two parts being built separate. + +SELEUCUS. + +In addition to the bell towers unconnected with the church, noticed in +"N. & Q." (Vol. vii., p. 333.), I beg to call the attention of J. S. A. +to those of Woburn in Bedfordshire, and Henllan in Denbighshire. The +tower of the former church stands at six yards distance from it, and is +a small square building with large buttresses and four pinnacles: it +{417} looks picturesque, from being entirely covered with ivy. The +tower, or rather the steeple, at Henllan, near Denbigh, is still more +remarkable, from its being built on the top of a hill, and looking down +upon the church, which stands in the valley at its foot. + +CAMBRENSIS. + + +_God's Marks_ (Vol. vii., p. 134.).--These are probably the "yellow +spots" frequently spoken of in old writings, as appearing on the +finger-nails, the hands, and elsewhere, before death. (See Brand's +_Popular Ant._, vol. iii. p. 177., Bohn's edit.) In Denmark they were +known under the name _Doeding-knib_ (dead man's nips, ghost-pinches), and +tokened the approaching end of some friend or kinsman. Another Danish +name was _Doedninge-pletter_ (dead man's spots); and in Holberg's _Peder +Paars_ (book i. song, 4.) _Doedning-knaep_. See S. Aspach, _Dissertatio de +Variis Superstitionibus_, 4to., Hafniae, 1697, p. 7., who says they are +of scorbutic origin; and F. Oldenburg, _Om Gjenfaerd ellen Gjengangere_, +8vo., Kjoebenhavn, 1818, p. 23. + +GEORGE STEPHENS. + +Copenhagen. + + +"_The Whippiad_" (Vol. vii., p. 393.).--The mention of _The Whippiad_ by +B. N. C. brought to my recollection a MS. copy of that satire in this +library, and now lying before me, with the autograph of "Snelson, Trin. +Coll. Oxon., 1802." There are notes appended to this copy of the verses, +and not knowing where to look in _Blackwood's Magazine_ for the satire, +or having a copy at hand in order to ascertain if the notes are printed +there also, or whether they are only to be found in the MS., perhaps +your correspondent B. N. C. will have the goodness to state if the +printed copy has notes, because, if there are none, I would copy out for +the "N. & Q." those that are written in the MS., as no doubt they would +be found interesting and curious by all who value whatever fell from the +pen of the highly-gifted Reginald Heber. + +Perhaps the notes may be the elucidations of some college cotemporary, +and not written by Heber. + +J. M. + +Sir R. Taylor's Library, Oxford. + + +_The Axe that beheaded Anne Boleyn_ (Vol. vii., p. 332.).--In Britton +and Brayley's _Memoirs of the Tower of London_, they mention (in +describing the Spanish Armoury) the axe which tradition says beheaded +Anne Boleyn and the Earl of Essex; but a foot-note is added from Stow's +_Chronicle_, stating that the _hangman_ cut off the head of Anne with +one stroke of his _sword_. + +THOS. LAWRENCE. + +Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + +_Palindromical Lines_ (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 366.).--Besides the +_habitats_ already given for the Greek inscription on a font, I have +notes of the like at Melton Mowbray; St. Mary's, Nottingham; in the +private chapel at Longley Castle; and at Hadleigh. At this last place, +it is noted in a church book to be taken out of Gregory Nazienzen (but I +never could find it), and a reference is made to Jeremy Taylor's _Great +Exemplar_, "Discourse on Baptism," p. 120. sect. 17. + +It may be worth noticing that this Gregory was, for a short time, in the +fourth century, bishop of Constantinople; and in the Moslemised +cathedral of St. Sophia, in that city, according to Grelot, quoted in +Collier's _Dictionary_, the same words--with the difference that "sin" +is put in the plural, _sic_: + + "~NIPSON ANOMEMATA ME MONAN OPSIN~"-- + +were written in letters of gold over the place at the entrance of the +church, between two porphyry pillars, where stood two urns of marble +filled with water, the use of which, when it was a Christian temple, +must be well known. The Turks now use them for holding drinking water, +and have probably done so since the time when the church was turned into +a mosque, after the conquest of Constantinople by Mahomet II., in the +fifteenth century. What could induce ZEUS (p. 366.) to call this +inscription "sotadic?" It may more fitly be called holy. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Clyst St. George. + +These lines also are to be found on the marble basins for containing +holy water, in one of the churches at Paris. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +The Greek inscription mentioned by Jeremy Taylor is on the font in +Rufford Church. + +H. A. + + +_Heuristisch_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--In reply to H. B. C. of the U. U. +Club, I beg to give the explanation of the word _heuristisch_, with its +cognate terms, from Heyse's _Allgemeines Fremdwoerterbuch_, 10th edition, +Hanover, 1848: + + "Heureka, gr. (von heuriskein, finden), ich hab' es gefunden, + gefunden! Heuristik, _f._ die Erfindungskunst; _heuristisch_, + erfindungskuenstlich, erfinderisch; heuristische Methode, + entwickelnde Lehrart, welche den Schueler zum Selbstfinden der + Lehrsaetze anleitet." + +J. M. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + VIEWS OF ARUNDEL HOUSE IN THE STRAND, 1646. London, published by T. + Thane, Rupert Street, Haymarket. 1792. + PARKER'S GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURE. 2nd Edition. + PICKERING'S STATUTES AT LARGE. 8vo. Edit. Camb. From 46 Geo III. + cap. 144. (Vol. XLVI. Part I.) to 1 Wm. IV. + EUROPEAN MAGAZINE. Nos. for May, 1817; January, February, May, + June, 1818; April, June, July, October, and December, 1819. + STANHOPE'S PARAPHRASE OF EPISTLES AND GOSPELS. London, 1732. Vols. + III. and IV. + THE LAWYER AND MAGISTRATE'S MAGAZINE, complete or single Volumes, + _circa_ 1805-1810.{418} + PHELP'S HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SOMERSETSHIRE. Part 4., and + Parts 9. to end. + BAYLE'S DICTIONARY. English Version, by DE MAIZEAUX. London, 1738. + Vols. I. and II. + SWIFT'S (DEAN) WORKS. Dublin; G. Faulkner. 19 volumes. 1768. Vol. I. + TODD'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. + TRANSACTIONS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vols. I. and II. + ARCHAEOLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. Boards. + MARTYN'S PLANTAE CANTABRIGIENSES. 12mo. London, 1763. + ABBOTSFORD EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. Odd Vols. + THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical. + J. L. PETIT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. 2 Vols. + R. MANT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE MIND OF + THE CHURCH. 8vo. Belfast, 1840. + CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY'S TRANSACTIONS. Vol. III.--ELLICOTT ON + VAULTING. + QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1845. + COLLIER'S FURTHER VINDICATION OF HIS SHORT VIEW OF THE STAGE. 1708. + CONGREVE'S AMENDMENT OF COLLIER'S FALSE AND IMPERFECT CITATIONS. 1698. + BEDFORD'S SERIOUS REFLECTIONS ON THE ABUSES OF THE STAGE. 8vo. 1705. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to +be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_E. P._ Schiller's _Wallenstein_ and _Ghost-Seer_, Goethe's _Faust_, and +Kant's _Philosophy_, have been translated into English. + +_RECNAC._ We cannot undertake to tell our Correspondent what is the +distinction between Epic and Ballad Poetry. + +_Y. S. M._, who writes respecting _Fees for searching Parish Registers_, +is referred to our _4th Vol._, _p. 473._, _and our 5th Vol._, _pp. 36. +207._ + +_S. A. S. (Bridgewater)._ Will our Correspondent repeat his Query +respecting _Loselerius Vilerius_? + +_QUESOR._ Lord Bacon's _History of Henry VII._ was first published in +1622. + +_W. B._ The mercury does not lose its power by use, but should when it +becomes oxydized, be strained by squeezing it through wash-leather. + +_PROTOSULPH._ The gilding would have been wasted. Our observations +respecting blowing on the glass apply equally when the protosulphate is +used. That developing solution will keep. 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KINGSLEY'S NEW WORK. + +This day, 2 vols. post 8vo., 18s. + +HYPATIA; or New Foes with and Old Face. By CHARLES KINGSLEY, Jun., +Rector of Eversley. Reprinted from "Fraser's Magazine." + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + +This day is published, price 6s. 6d. + +THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY CALENDAR FOR THE YEAR 1853. + + "Deum timeto: regem honorato: virtutem colito disciplinis + bonis operam dato."--_Stat. Acad. Cantab._ + +Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON. + +Sold in London by LONGMAN & CO.; F. & J. RIVINGTON; WHITTAKER & CO.; +SIMPKIN & CO.; JOHN W. PARKER & SON; GEORGE BELL; and by DEIGHTON & +LAUGHTON, Liverpool. + + * * * * * + +NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S Construction, Micrometers, +Polarizing Apparatus, Object-glasses, and Eye-pieces. S. STRAKER +supplies any of the above of the first quality, and will forward by post +free a new priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus. + +162. FLEET STREET, LONDON. + + * * * * *{419} + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be +procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the +practice of Photography in all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres, La Croix, and +other Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining +Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, +according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + +TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the practice +of Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt, +Brebisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of +WILLIAM BOLTON (formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure Chemicals +for Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application. + +Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr. +Stewart's instructions. + +146. HOLBORN BARS. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, +Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's +Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide Of Silver).--J. +B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). +Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary +sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be +exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. +B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the +latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype +processes. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS +adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. 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With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life +Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life +Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class +X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all +Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior +Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver +Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, +10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior +Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's +Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 Guineas. Every Watch +skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, +2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, +the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * *{420} + +THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, + +168. NEW BOND STREET, NEXT THE CLARENDON. + + * * * + + +An Exhibition of Photographic Pictures + +By the best English and Continental Artists will be opened at the +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET, on THURSDAY, APRIL 28. +The Collection will include a great variety of new and important +Pictures recently taken by eminent Photographers, and some of the best +specimens from the late Exhibition at the Society of Arts.--Admission +6d. + + * * * + +CALOTYPE PORTRAITS. + +(_By Licence of the Patentee._) + +MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has concluded an +arrangement with the Patentee, Mr. H. F. Talbot, which enables him to +take Portraits by the newly-discovered Collodion Process. The advantages +which this process offers are,--Excellence of Likeness, great +Convenience, and the opportunity of Multiplying copies of the same +Portrait to any extent. These Portraits have the appearance of beautiful +mezzotint engravings, with the superior accuracy which Sun-painting must +insure. One moment suffices to obtain the likeness, and no constrained +position is required. Hence a happy expression of face is instantly +caught, and young children may be taken without difficulty. To those who +wish for several copies of the same Portrait, the Calotype offers every +facility, as an unlimited number of impressions may be printed, by the +agency of the sun, from the glass plate. These will all be exactly equal +to the first, and may be had at a moderate cost. + +TO ARTISTS AND SCULPTORS. + +MR. DELAMOTTE will be happy to photograph Artist' Paintings and Statues, +and supply two or more impressions as may be desired. He also undertakes +to photograph, under the superintendence of the Artist, the Life Model, +Costume, or any required object, and to deliver the negative plate. + +TO ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS. + +MR. DELAMOTTE is ready to enter into engagements to photograph Buildings +and Engineering Works of all kinds, either in progress or when +completed. In illustration of the advantages to be derived by Engineers +from Photography, MR. DELAMOTTE begs to refer to Mr. Fenton's Views of +Mr. Vignolles' Bridge across the Dnieper at Kieff, and to his own views +of the Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham. + +TO THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY. + +MR. DELAMOTTE has made arrangements which enable him to take +photographic views of Country Mansions, Ancient Castles and Ruins, +Villas, Cottages, Bridges or Picturesque Scenery of any description, and +to supply as many copies as may be desired. + +TO THE CLERGY. + +MR. DELAMOTTE will be happy to receive commissions to take photographic +views of Churches--either Exterior or Interiors--Rectories or +School-houses. He will also be willing to make special arrangements for +Portraits of Clergymen, when several copies of the same portrait are +required. + +TO AMATEURS AND STUDENTS. + +MR. DELAMOTTE gives lessons in every branch of the Photographic Art, but +more especially in the Collodion Process, which he undertakes to teach, +together with the best method of Printing, in Six Lessons. + +For Terms apply to MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE, Photographic Institution, 168. +New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 10s. 6d. + +THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM. + +PART III. + +_Containing Four Pictures._ + + TINTERN ABBEY. By ROGER FENTON. + THE BOY IN THE ARCH. By PHILIP DELAMOTTE. + BURNHAM BEECHES. By ROGER FENTON. + KENILWORTH CASTLE. By PHILIP DELAMOTTE. + +Parts I. and II. are now reprinted and _good_ impressions of the +pictures are guaranteed. Part IV. will be ready in May. + +*** The Publisher apologizes for the long delay in issuing Part III. and +reprinting the two former Parts. Photographers will readily understand +why no quantity of good impressions could have been printed during the +last four months. + + * * * + +Now ready, price 16s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES. + +By GEORGE SHAW, Esq. (of Queen's College, Birmingham). + +_Comprising_, + + A MILL STREAM, + A FOREST SCENE, + A RUSTIC BRIDGE, + A WELSH GLEN. + +These Pictures are of large size, and are very carefully printed. + +*** Should this Number meeting with the approbation of the Public, +Professor Shaw will continue the Series. + + * * * + +Nearly ready, + +THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY. + +A MANUAL for STUDENTS and AMATEURS. + +Edited by PHILIP DELAMOTTE, F.S.A. + +Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by the Collodion Process, +and a Diagram of Six Colours, with its result in a Photographic +impression. + +This Manual will contain much practical information of a valuable +nature. + + * * * + +Preparing for Publication, in Parts, price One Guinea each, + +PROGRESS OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE AT SYDENHAM. + +Exhibited in a Series of Photographic Views taken by PHILIP DELAMOTTE. + +This Work will be found of much service to Engineers and Architects, and +all who are interested in the Crystal Palace. + +*** Some of these Views may be had for the Stereoscope. + + * * * + +Preparing for Publication, + +A SERIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES. + +By HUGH OWEN, ESQ. (of Bristol.) + + * * * + +LONDON: Published by JOSEPH CUNDALL, at the PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the +Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the +Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and published by GEORGE +BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the +West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street +aforesaid.--Saturday, April 23. 1853. + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 182, April +23, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 22369.txt or 22369.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/3/6/22369/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A. 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