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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/22339-8.txt b/22339-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..416c716 --- /dev/null +++ b/22339-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2357 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 66, February 1, +1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 66, February 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: August 16, 2007 [EBook #22339] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 66 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{81} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 66.] +SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + + Page + + "NOTES AND QUERIES" in Holland 81 + + NOTES:-- + + Sir John Davies and his Biographers, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 82 + + A Note on Queen Anne's Farthings by J. Y. Akerman 83 + + Folk-Lore:--Lammer Beads--On the Lingering of the + Spirit--May Cats--Mottos on Warming-pans and + Garters 84 + + Notes on Jesse's "London and its Celebrities," by Henry + Campkin 84 + + Minor Notes:--Verstegan--George Herbert and the + Church at Leighton Bromswold--Little Gidding--Etymology + of Kobold--Judas Cup--Essleholt Priory--Crossing + Rivers on Skins 85 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bibliographical Queries 86 + + Minor Queries:--Bishops' Lands--The Barons of Hugh + Lupus--Can the Queen make a Gentleman?--Plafery--St. + John's Bridge Fair--Queries on Costume--Cum + Grano Salis--Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, + Lucretia--Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny--Foundation + Stone of St. Mark's, Venice--Coins of + Richard Cromwell--Cataracts of the Nile--Paternoster + Tackling--Dancing Trenchmore--Hymns-- + Camden and Curwen Families--Jartuare 87 + + REPLIES:-- + + John Bunyan and his Portrait.--Did Bunyan know + Hobbes? by George Offor 89 + + The Mother Church of the Saxons by Dr. J. Rawson 90 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--The Frozen Horn--To + Pose--Culprits torn by Horses--The Conquest--Mayors, + their correct Prefix--True Blue--Modum Promissionis--Fronte + capillatâ &c.--Cross between a + Wolf and a Hound--Touching for the Evil--Old + Booty--Breeches Bible--Separation of the Sexes--Defender + of the Faith--Epigram on the Synod of Dort--Parish + Register Tax--Clergy sold for Slaves 91 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 94 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 95 + + Notices to Correspondents 95 + + Advertisements 95 + + * * * * * + + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" IN HOLLAND. + +The following extremely interesting, and, we need scarcely add, to us most +gratifying, communication reached us at too late a period last week to +admit of our then laying it before our friends, readers, and contributors. +They will one and all participate in our gratification at the proof which +it affords, not merely of that success which they have all combined to +secure, but of the good working, and consequent wide extension, of that +great principle of literary brotherhood which it has been the great object +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to establish. + +_To the Editor of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +Mr. Editor, + +We have the pleasure of sending you the prospectus of "DE NAVORSCHER," a +new Dutch periodical, grounded upon the same principle as its valuable and +valiant predecessor "NOTES AND QUERIES." The title, when translated into +English, would be--"_The Searcher; a medium of intellectual exchange and +literary intercourse between all who know something, have to ask something, +or can solve something._" If it be glorious for _you_ to have proposed a +good example, we think it honourable for _us_ to follow it. + +Though we do not wish to be our own trumpets, we can say that never a Dutch +newspaper was greeted, before its appearance, by such favourable +prognostics. _Your_ idea, Mr. Editor, was received with universal applause; +and Mr. FREDERIK MULLER, by whom "DE NAVORSCHER" will be published, is not +only a celebrated bookseller, but also one of our most learned _bookmen_. + +Ready to promote by every means in our power the friendly intercourse +between your country and our fatherland, we desire of you to lay the +following plan before the many readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +1. Every Query, which, promulgated by our English sister, would perhaps +find a solution when meeting the eyes of _Dutch_ readers, will be +TRANSLATED for them by her foreign brother. We promise to send you a +version of the eventual answers. + +2. Of Queries, divulged in "DE NAVORSCHER," and likely to be answered if +translated for the British readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES," a _version_ will +be presented by us to the sister-periodical. + +3. The title of BOOKS OR ODD VOLUMES wanted to purchase, of which copies +may exist in the Netherlands, will be duly inserted into "DE NAVORSCHER" +when required. Mr. FREDERIK MULLER will direct his letters, containing +particulars and lowest price, to the persons anxious for information. + +4. All communications for "DE NAVORSCHER" must be addressed to Mr. D. NUTT, +Bookseller, {82} No. 270. Strand; or, _carriage free_, to the "_Directors_ +of the same," care of Mr. FREDERIK MULLER, "Heerengracht, near the Oude +Spieglestraat, Amsterdam." + +With a fervent wish that in such a manner, two neighbourly nations, +connected by religion, commerce, and literary pursuits, may be more and +more united by the mail-bearing sea which divides them, we have the honour +to remain, + + Mr. Editor, + Your respectful servants, + THE DIRECTORS OF "DE NAVORSCHER." + +Amsterdam, the 16th of December, 1850. + + When by the publication of "NOTES AND QUERIES" we laid down those + telegraphic lines of literary communication which we hoped should one + day find their way into every library and book-room in the United + Kingdom, we little thought that, ere fifteen months had passed, we + should be called upon, not to lay down a _sub_marine telegraph, but to + establish a _super_marine communication with our brethren in the Low + Countries. We do so most gladly, for we owe them much. From them it was + that Caxton learned the art, but for which "NOTES AND QUERIES" would + never have existed; and of which the unconstrained practice has, under + Providence, served to create our literature, to maintain our liberties, + and to win for England its exalted position among the nations of the + earth. + + Heartily, therefore, do we bid God speed to "DE NAVORSCHER;" and + earnestly will we do all we can to realize the kindly wish of our + Amsterdam brethren, that the "two neighbourly nations of Holland and + England, connected by religion, commerce, and literary pursuits, may be + more and more united by the mail-bearing sea which divides them." + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +SIR JOHN DAVIES AND HIS BIOGRAPHERS. + +Sir John Davies, the "sweet poet" and "grave lawyer"--rather odd +combinations by the bye,--according to Wood, was "born at Chisgrove, in the +parish of Tysbury in Wiltshire, being the son of a wealthy _tanner_ of that +place!" This statement is repeated in Cooper's _Muses' Library_, p. 331.; +Nichols's _Select Poems_, vol. i., p. 276.; Sir E. Brydges's edition of +Philips's _Theatrum Poetarum_, 1800, p. 272.; Sir Harris Nicolas's edition +of Davison's _Poetical Rhapsody_, vol. i. p. cii., &c. And Headley, in his +_Select Beauties of Poetry_, ed. 1787, vol. i. p. xli., adds, "he was a man +of _low_ extraction!" Wood's assertion concerning Davies's parentage, was +made, I believe, upon the authority of Fuller; but it is undoubtedly an +error, as the books which record the admission of the younger Davies into +the Society of the Middle Temple, say the father was "late of New Inn, +_gentleman_." + +Mr. Robert R. Pearce, in a recent work, entitled _A History of the Inns of +Court and Chancery_, 8vo. 1848, p. 293., gives the following sketch of the +leading facts in the life of our "poetical lawyer:"-- + + "Sir John Davis, the author of _Reports_, and several other legal + works, and a poet of considerable repute, was of this Society [_i.e._ + the Middle Temple]. His father was a member of New Inn, and a + practitioner of the law in Wiltshire. At the Middle Temple, young Davis + became rather notorious for his irregularities, and having beaten Mr. + Richard Martin (also a poet, and afterwards Recorder of London) in the + hall, he was expelled the house. Afterwards, through the influence of + Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, he was restored to his position in the + Middle Temple; and, in 1601, was elected a Member of the House of + Commons. In 1603, he was appointed by King James Solicitor-General in + Ireland. In 1606, he was called to the degree of Serjeant-at-Law; and, + in the following year, was knighted by the King at Whitehall. In 1612, + he published a book on the state of Ireland, which is often referred + to; and soon afterwards he was appointed King's Serjeant, and Speaker + of the House of Commons in Ireland. On his return to England he + published his reports of cases adjudged in the King's Court in + Ireland,--the first reports of Irish cases made public. The preface to + these reports is very highly esteemed. It has been said to vie with + Coke in solidity and learning, and equal Blackstone in classical + illustration and elegant language. Sir John Davis died 7th of December, + 1626." + +It is amusing to see how erroneous statements creep into ordinary +biography. Headley, as we have just seen, calls Davies "a man of _low_ +extraction;" and now we find a more recent biographer adding (without the +shadow of an authority), "at the Middle Temple, young Davies became _rather +notorious for his irregularities_!" + +Davies's quarrel with Richard Martin is alluded to by Wood. After speaking +of his admission into the Middle Temple, and of his being made a barrister +(July, 1595), that writer adds:-- + + "But so it was that he [Sir John Davies] being a high-spirited young + man, did, upon some little provocation or punctilio, bastinado Rich. + Martin (afterwards Recorder of London) in the Common Hall of the Middle + Temple, while he was at dinner. For which act being forthwith + [February, 1597-8] expell'd, he retired for a time in private, lived in + Oxon in the condition of a sojourner, and follow'd his studies, tho' he + wore a cloak. However, among his serious thoughts, making reflections + upon his own condition, which sometimes was an affliction to him, he + composed that excellent philosophical and divine poem called _Nosce + Teipsum_." + +It is not a little singular that this very Richard Martin, whose +chastisement is thus recorded, had {83} been on terms of strict friendship +with our "high-spirited" young lawyer. In 1596, Davies had published his +poem on dancing, entitled _Orchestra_, the title-page of which is followed +by a dedicatory sonnet "To his very friend, Ma. Richard Martin." This +sonnet is written in extravagant terms of friendship and admiration; and as +it is only to be found in the _rare_ first edition, and in the almost +equally rare _Bibliographical Catalogue of the Ellesmere Collection_, some +of your readers may not be displeased to see it on the present occasion:-- + + "TO HIS VERY FRIEND MA. RICH. MARTIN. + + "To whom shall I this dauncing Poeme send, + This suddaine, rash, halfe-capreol of my wit? + To you, first mover and sole cause of it, + Mine-owne-selves better halve, my deerest frend. + O, would you yet my Muse some Honny lend + From your mellifluous tongue, whereon doth sit + Suada in majestie, that I may fit + These harsh beginnings with a sweeter end. + You know the modest sunne full fifteene times + Blushing did rise, and blushing did descend, + While I in making of these ill made rimes, + My golden bowers unthriftily did spend. + Yet, if in friendship you these numbers prayse, + I will mispend another fifteene dayes." + +The cause of quarrel between the two young lawyers is not known, but the +"offence," whatever it was, was not slight. In the year 1622, when Davies +reprinted his poetical works, we find that his feelings of resentment +against his once "very friend" had not abated, for in place of the +dedicatory sonnet to Richard Martin, is substituted a sonnet addressed to +Prince Charles; and at the conclusion of the poem, he left a _hiatus_ after +the one hundred and twenty-sixth stanza, on account of the same quarrel. + +Sir John Davies's celebrated poem, _Nosce Teipsum_ (mentioned by Wood in +the previous extract), is said to have gained the author the favour of +James I., even before he came to the crown. Wood gives the precise period +of its composition, and, I think, with every appearance of truth, although +it does not accord with the statement of modern biographers, that it was +written at twenty-five years of age. (See Campbell's _Essay on Poetry_, +&c., ed. 1848, p. 184.) The first edition of this poem was printed in 4to. +in the year 1599, and has for its title the following:-- + + "_Nosce Teipsum_. This Oracle expounded in Two Elegies. 1. Of Humane + Knowledge. 2. Of the Soule of Man, and the Immortalitie thereof. + London, Printed by Richard Field, for John Standish. 43 leaves." + +As I am deeply interested in all that relates to the subject of this note, +I have compiled a list of editions of the above poem, which shows its +popularity for more than a century and a half:-- + + + 1. 1599. _London_, 4to. First edition. + 2. 1602. _ib._ 4to. Second ed. + 3. 1608. _ib._ 4to. Third ed. + 4. 1619. _ib._ 8vo. Fourth ed. + 5. 1622. _ib._ 8vo. The last edition printed during the + Author's lifetime. + 6. 1653. _ib._ 4to. Published by T. Jenner with curious plates, + and prose paraphrase. + 7. 1688. _ib._ folio. With prose dissertation. + 8. 1697. _Dublin,_ 8vo. With Life of the Author, by Nahum Tate. + 9. 1714. _ib._ 12mo. Second edition by Tate. + 10. 1733. _ib._ 8vo. With Essay by Dr. Sheridan. + 11. 1749. _London,_ 12mo. + 12. 1759. _Glasgow,_ 12mo. With Life of the Author. + 13. 1760. _London,_ 8vo. In Capel's _Prolusions._ + 14. 1773. _ib._ 12mo. In Davies's _Poetical Works_, edited by + Thompson. + +Sir John Davies left behind him a large number of MSS. upon various +subjects, none of which have since been printed. It would be very desirable +that a list, as far as can now be made out, should be put on record. +Anthony Wood says, several of Davies's MSS. were formerly in the library of +Sir James Ware of Ireland and since that in the possession of Edward, Earl +of Clarendon. The most interesting of these MSS. were a Collection of +Epigrams, and a Metaphrase of David's Psalms. The Harleian MSS., Nos. 1578. +and 4261., contain two law treatises of this learned writer, and in +Thorpe's _Catalogue_ for 1823, I find _A Treatise of Tenures touchinge his +Majesties Prerogative Royal_, by John Davies, folio, MS. + +Granger does not record any engraved portrait of this writer, and all my +enquiries have failed in discovering one. In Mr. Soame Jenyn's Hall, at +Botesham, in Cambridgeshire (in 1770), was a full-length portrait of an +elderly gentleman in a gown, with a book in one hand, on which is written +"_Nosce Teipsum_." If this is a genuine portrait of Sir John Davies, it +ought to be engraved to accompany a new edition of his poetical works; a +publication which the lovers of our old poetry would deem an acceptable +offering. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON QUEEN ANN'S FARTHINGS. + +The idea that a Queen Anne's farthing is a coin of the greatest rarity, +originated perhaps in the fact that there are several _pattern pieces_ +executed by Croker, which are much valued by collectors, and which +consequently bring higher prices. One type only was in circulation, and +this appears to have been very limited, for it is somewhat scarce, though a +specimen may easily be procured of any dealer in coins for a few shillings. +This bears the bust of the {84} Queen, with the legend ANNA DEI +GRATIA--reverse, BRITANNIA around the trite figure of Britannia with the +spear and olive-branch: the date 1714 in the exergue. Those with Peace in a +car, Britannia standing with olive-branch and spear, or seated under an +arch, are patterns; the second has the legend BELLO ET PACE in indented +letters, a mode revived in the reign of George III. It is said that many +years ago a lady in the north of England lost one of the farthings of Queen +Anne, which she much prized as the bequest of a deceased friend, and that +having offered in the public journals a large reward for its recovery, it +was ever afterwards supposed that any farthing of this monarch was of great +value. + +J. Y. AKERMAN. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Lammer Beads._--Does any one know the meaning of "Lammer beads?" They are +almost always made of amber, and are considered as a charm to keep away +evil of every kind; their touch is believed to cure many diseases, and they +are still worn by many old people in Scotland round the neck. The name +cannot have anything to do with "Lammermuir," as, although they are well +known among the old people of Lammermuir, yet they are equally so all over +Scotland. + +L. M. M. R. + +_On the Lingering of the Spirit._--Perhaps you may think the following +story worthy of insertion in your paper. + +There is a common belief among the poor, that the spirit will linger in the +body of a child a long time when the parent refuses to part with it. I said +to Mrs. B., "Poor little H. lingered a long time; I thought, when I saw +him, that he must have died the same day, but he lingered on!" + +"Yes," said Mrs. B., "it was a great shame of his mother. He wanted to die, +and she would not let him die: she couldn't part with him. There she stood, +fretting over him, and couldn't give him up; and so we said to her, 'He'll +never die till you give him up.' And then she gave him up; and he died +quite peaceably." + +RICH. B. MACHELL. + +Vicarage, Barrow-on-Humber, Jan. 13. 1851. + +_May Cats_ (Vol. iii., p. 20.).--In Hampshire, to this day, we always kill +May kittens. + +CX. + +_Mottos on Warming-Pans and Garters._--It seems to have been much the +custom, about two centuries ago, to engrave more or less elaborately the +brass lids of warming-pans with different devices, such as armorial +bearings, &c., in the centre, and with an inscription or a motto +surrounding the device. A friend of the writer has in his possession three +such lids of warming-pans, one of which has engraven on the centre a hart +passant, and above his back a shield, bearing the arms of Devereux, the +whole surrounded by this inscription:-- + + "THE . EARLE . OF . ESSEX . HIS . ARMES." + +Another bears the arms of the commonwealth, (as seen on the coins of the +Protectorate,) encircled with an inscription, thus:-- + + "ENGLANDS . STATS . ARMES." + +The third bears a talbot passant, with the date above its back, 1646, and +the motto round:-- + + "IN . GOD . IS . ALL . MY . TRUST." + +It appears to me that the first two, at least, belonged to _inns_, known by +the respective signs indicated by the mottos, &c.; the first probably in +honour of the Lord-General of the Parliament's army, who was the last +Devereux bearing the title. + +That last described affords a curious illustration of a passage cited in +Ellis's _Brand_ (ed. 1849, vol. i. p. 245.), from _The Welsh Levite tossed +in a Blanket_, 1691. + + "Our _garters_, bellows, and _warming-pans_ wore godly mottos," &c. + +In further illustration, I may mention that the owner of the warming-pans +has in his possession likewise a beautifully manufactured long silk +_garter_, of perhaps about the same date, in which are woven the following +words:-- + + "LOVE . NOT . THE . WORLD . IN . WHICH . THOU . MUST . NOT . STAY. + BUT . LOVE . THE . TREASURE . THAT . ABIDES . ALWAY." + +H. G. T. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON JESSE'S "LONDON AND ITS CELEBRITIES." + +During my perusal of Mr. Jesse's pleasant volumes, I marked two or three +slips of the pen, which it may not be amiss to make a note of. + +In vol. i. pp. 403, 404, 405., there is a curious treble error regarding +Thomas Sutton, the munificent founder of the Charter House. He is +successively styled _Sir_ Thomas, _Sir Richard_, and _Sir Robert_. Sutton's +Christian name was Thomas. He was never knighted. Of the quaint leaden case +which incloses his remains, and of its simple inscription, an accurate +drawing, with accompanying particulars, by your able correspondent Mr. E. +B. PRICE, was inserted in the _Gent. Mag._ for January, 1843, p. 43. The +inscription runs thus: "1611. THOMAS SUTTON, ESQUIAR." + +Vol. ii. pp. 34, 35, 36. Mr. Jesse's ingenious suggestions relative to the +tradition of the burial of Oliver Cromwell in Red Lion Square, merit the +careful attention of all London antiquaries. + +Ib. p. 316.: + + "There is no evidence of Clement's Inn having been a Court of Law + previous to 1486." + +For "a court of law," read "an inn of court." {85} + +Ib. p. 339. Erratum, line 9, in reference to Mrs. Garrick's reopening of +her house, for the first time after her husband's decease--for "1701" read +"1781," obviously a printer's error. + +Ib. p. 423.: + + "Cranmer's successor in the see of Canterbury was Archbishop Whitgift." + +Whitgift was _Grindal's_ successor, and Grindal was preceded by Parker, who +must be deemed Cranmer's successor. Cranmer perished in 1556. Parker was +made archbishop in 1559. + +Mr. Jesse will not be angry, I am sure, with the above notes, or need any +apology for an attempt to add to the value of his book. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club, Jan. 10. 1851. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Verstegan.--A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Antiquities, +concerning the most noble and renowned English Nation. By the Study and +Travel of Richard Verstegan._--There is something so sonorous and stately +in the very sound of the title of Master Richard Verstegan's etymological +treatise, that any bibliographical notice of it, I am sure, will find a +corner in "NOTES AND QUERIES." The following MS. note is on a fly-leaf of +my copy, A.D. 1655:-- + + "The first edition was printed at Antwerp, in 1605. A full account of + this work is given in Oldys's _British Librarian_, pp. 299 312. It + concludes with suggestions for improving any future editions: namely, + to add those animadversions, in their proper places, which have been + since occasionally made on some mistakes in it; as those made by Mr. + Sheringham on his fancy of the _Vitæ_ being the ancient inhabitants of + the Isle of Wight, &c. But more especially should be admitted the + corrections of the learned Mr. Somner, he having left large marginal + notes upon Verstegan's whole book, as we are informed by Bishop + Kennett, the late accurate author of his Life. This advice has never + been acted upon." + +To this is subjoined a notice of Verstegan's _Poems_. + + "There is a thin 12mo. volume of _Poems_ by Richard Verstegan, of which + only one perfect copy is known. Dr Farmer had it; then a Mr. Lloyd, who + disposed of it, when it sold for 22l. 1s. Mr. Faber now has it. Another + copy, completed by MS., had belonged to T. Park, which was sold at + Sotheby's, March 11. 1821, for 1l. 19s., and bought by Triphook." + +J. YEOWELL. + +Hoxton. + +_George Herbert and the Church at Leighton Bromswold.--Little +Gidding._--Some of your readers may not be aware that George Herbert built +the church of Leighton Bromswold, Hunts as well as that of Bemerton. The +church stands about three-quarters of a mile to the right of the road from +Huntingdon to Thrapston, and a view of it is given in Zouch's 4to. edition +of Isaac Walton's _Lives_; it is stated, in a note, to be near Spalding, +for which read _Spaldwick_. Herbert desired the pulpit and reading-desk to +be placed on opposite sides of the church, and of the same height; to show +that "preaching ought not to be esteemed above praying, nor praying above +preaching." + +Query, What is the state of the interior _now_, as to pews, &c.? + +The nuns, if I may so call them, in the monastery at Little Gidding, Hunts, +employed themselves in covering or in ornamenting the covers of books, in +patterns, with silver and coloured-silk threads: a friend of mine in Surrey +has a small volume so ornamented by them. + +E. H. + +Norwich, Jan. 20. + +_Etymology of Kobold._--At page 239. of Mr. Bohn's edition of Keightley's +_Fairy Mythology_, we find that Mr. K., after heading a chapter with +"Kobolds," says in a note:-- + + "This word is usually derived from the Greek [Greek: kobalos], a knave, + _but as this is only found in lexicographers_, it may in reality be a + Teutonic word in a Greek form." + +Surely, Mr. Keightley has forgotten the following passages-- + +1. Ar. Equites, 450. Dindf. [Conf. Ranæ, 1015.] + + "[Greek: KLEÔN: KOBALOS ei.] + [Greek: ALL. panourgos ei.]" + +2. Ejusdem fab., 635.: + + "[Greek: Bereschethoi te kai KOBALOI kai Mothôn.]" + +3. Plutus, 279.: + + "[Greek: hôs mothôn ei te kai phusei KOBALOS.]" + +4. Aristotle, _H. A._ 8. 12. 12. [Bekker Oxon.] says of a bird, + + "[Greek: kobalos kai mimêtês.]" + +In the 2nd passage Liddell and Scott call [Greek: kobaloi] "_mischievous +goblins_," which is exactly equivalent to "kobolds." + +The word is also used adjectively for "knavish tricks," "rogueries." + +See _Equites_, 419.: + + "[Greek: Kai, nê Di', alla g' esti mou kobala paidos ontos.]" + +Ranæ, 104:-- + + "[Greek: hê mên kobala g' estin, hôs kai soi dokei.]" + +In _Equites_, 332. we find [Greek: kobalikeumata], "the tricks of a [Greek: +kobalos]." + +P. J. F. GANTILLON. + +_Judas Cup_ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the _Ancient Monuments, Rites, and +Customs of Durham_, published by the Surtees Society, we have the following +account of "Judas Cup" in the refectory, which is described as-- + + "A goodly great mazer, called Judas Cup, edged about {86} with silver + and double gilt, with a foot underneath it to stand on, of silver and + double gilt, which was never used but on Maunday Thursday at night in + the Frater House, where the prior and the whole convent did meet and + keep their Maunday." (p. 68.) + +I send this with reference to the mention of the "Judas Bell" and "Judas +Candle" in your 2nd Volume, p. 298. + +ECHO. + +_Essheholt Priory._--Esholt Hall (now in the possession of W. R. C. +Stansfield, Esq.) is the same as the ancient priory of Essheholt, which was +under the abbot of Kirkstall. + +This priory fell, of course, with the smaller houses, and was valued at +19l. 0s. 8d. Essheholt remained in the crown till the first year of Edward +VI., nine years after the dissolution, when it was granted to Henry +Thompson, Gent., one of the king's gens-d'armes at Boulogne. In this family +the priory of Esholt remained somewhat more than a century, when it was +transferred to the neighbouring and more distinguished house of Calverley +by the marriage of Frances, daughter and heiress of H. Thompson, Esq., with +Sir Walter Calverley. His son, Sir Walter Calverley, Bart., built, on the +site of the old priory, the house which now stands. + +Over a door of one of the out-buildings is an inscription in ancient +letters, from which may be traced--"Aleisbet. Pudaci, p----," with a bird +sitting on the last letter p. (Elizabeth Pudsay, prioress). + +The builder of the present house died in 1749; and, in 1755, his son of the +same name sold the manor-house and furniture to Robert Stansfield, Esq., of +Bradford; from whom the present owner is descended.[1] + +CHAS. W. MARKHAM. + +Jan. 10. 1851. + +[Footnote 1: Thoresby's _History of Leeds_.] + +_Crossing Rivers on Skins_ (Vol. iii., p. 3.).--Mr. C. M. G., a near +relative of mine, who lately returned from naval service on the Indus, told +me, last year, that he had often seen there naked natives employed in +fishing. The man, with his fishing-tackle, launches himself on the water, +sustained by a large hollow earthen vessel having a round protuberant +opening on one side. To this opening the fisherman applies his abdomen, so +as to close the vessel against the influx of water; and clinging to this +air-filled buoy, floats about quite unconcernedly, and plies his +fishing-tackle with great success. The analogy between this Oriental buoy +and the inflated skins mentioned by Layard and by your correspondent JANUS +DOUSA, is sufficiently remarkable to deserve a note. + +G. F. G. + +Edinburgh. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. + +(_Continued from_ Vol. ii., p. 493.) + +(31.) P. H. F. (Vol. iii., pp. 24, 25.) has described a 12mo., or rather an +8vo., copy of Latin Psalter in his possession, and he wishes to know +whether Montanus had any connexion with one of the translations therein +exhibited. The title-page of your correspondent's volume will tell him +precisely what the book contains. He had better not rely too much upon MS. +remarks in any of his treasures; and when a bibliographical question is +being investigated, let _Cyclopædias_ by all means not be disturbed from +their shelves. Would it not be truly marvellous if a volume, printed by +Robert Stephens in 1556, could in that year have presented, by prolepsis, +to its precocious owner a version which Bened. Arias Montanus did not +execute until 1571? But P. H. F.'s communication excites another query. He +appears to set a special value upon his Psalter because that the verses are +in it distinguished by cyphers; but Pagnini's whole Bible, which I spoke +of, came thirty years before it, and we have still to go nearly twenty +years farther back in search of the earliest example of the employment of +Arabic figures to mark the verses in the Book of Psalms. The _Quincuplex +Psalterium_, by Jacques le Fevre, is a most beautiful book, perhaps the +finest production of the press of Henry Stephens the elder; and not only +are the verses numbered in the copy before me, which is of the improved +"secunda emissio" in 1513, but the initial letters of them are in red. At +signature A iiij. there is a very handsome woodcut of the letter A., +somewhat of a different style, from the larger (not the Ascensian) P., +within the periphery of which St. Paul is represented, and which is so well +worthy of notice in Le Fevre's edition of the _Epistole diui Pauli +Apostoli_, Paris, 1517. The inquiry toward which I have been travelling is +this, When did Henry Stephens first make use of the open Ratdoltian letter +on dotted ground? (See Maitland's _Lambeth List_, p. 328. Dibdin's _Typog. +Antiq._ vol. i., Prel. Disquis., p. xl.) + +(32.) Is there extant any collation of the various exemplars of the +_Alphabetum divini Amoris_? And has an incontrovertible opinion been formed +as to the paternity of this tract? For the common error of ascribing it to +Gerson is entirely inexcusable, as this Parisian chancellor is frequently +alleged therein. The third volume of his works, set forth by Du Pin, in +1706, contains this "Treatise of the Elevation of the Soul to God," and the +editor has left the blunder uncorrected in his _Eccles. Hist._ iii. 53. +Again, can it be affirmed that the folio impression of Louvain, (Panzer, +ix. 243.), in which Gerson's name occurs, was assuredly anterior to the +small black-letter and {87} anonymous editions, likewise without dates? Two +of the latter (one much older than the other) are of 12mo. size, in 8vo., +as is also Bonaventura's _Stimulus divini Amoris_, printed in 1510 and +1517. + +(33.) In what way can we detect the propounder of the _Notabilis expositio +super canonem misse_? His work is of small folio size without mention of +place or year; but it certainly proceeded from Nuremberg, and was it not +one of the _primitiæ_ of Creusner? + +(34.) Who is designated by the letters "G. N. N. D.," which are put at the +head of the Epistle to Zuinglius, _De Magistris nostris Lovaniensibus, quot +et quales sint_? And why has the _Vita S. Nicolai, sive Stultitiæ +Exemplar_, originally attached to this performance, been omitted by Dr. +Münch in his edition of the _Epistolæ obscurorum Vivorum, aliaque ævi +decimi sexti Monimenta rarissima_, Leipzig, 1827? If he had reprinted this +very desirable appendix, it would have furnished him with the date "Anno +M.D.XX.," which would have prevented him from assigning this satirical +composition to the year "1521." (Einl. p. 408.) + +(35.) A student can scarcely be considered moderately well versed in +ancient ecclesiastical documents who has neither read nor heard of the +_Somnium Viridarii_; and we may wonder at, and pity, the learned Goldast, +for having fallen into the extravagant mistake of attributing this Latin +translation of the celebrated Dialogue, _Le Songe du Verger_, to +"Philotheus Achillinus, Consiliarius Regius." (_Monarch. S. Rom. Imper_. i. +58. Hanov. 1612.) The question arises, How was he misled? Was it not +through a strange misconception of a sentence in the _Silva Nuptialis_ of +Nevizan, to which he refers in his preliminary "Dissertatio de Auctoribus?" +This writer, who has been plentifully purified by the Roman _Index_, had +cited the preface of an Italian poem, "Il Viridario," composed by his +contemporary, Giovanni FILOTEO ACHILLINI; and is it thus that an author of +the sixteenth century has got credit for an anonymous achievement of the +fourteenth age? Goldastus has hardly been out-Heroded by those who have +devised an individual named _Viridarius_, or "Le Sieur _du Vergier_." (See +Baillet, _Déguisemens des Auteurs_, p. 479., and M. De la Monnoye's note, +pp. 501-2.) + +(36.) Is there not a transpositional misprint in the colophon of the old +German _Life of S. Dorothea_, the so-called patroness of Prussia? For it +would seem to be inevitable that we should endeavour to elicit 1492, and +not 1512, from the following date: "Den Dingstag nach Gregory als man +tzelete, M.CCCC. unde cxii." (Vid. Lilienthal, _Histor. B. Doroth_. p. 6. +Dantisc., 1744.) + +(37.):-- + + "The Original Manuscript of both volumes of this History will be + deposited in the Cotton Library, by + + "T. BURNETT." + +Has this declaration been inserted, in the handwriting of Thomas Burnet, on +the reverse of the title-page of the second volume, in all large-paper +copies (and is it strictly limited to them?) of Bishop Burnet's _History of +his own Time_, Lond., 1734? Compare the printed "Advertisement to the +Reader" in the first volume, published in 1724. + +(38.) Mr. T. R. Hampson, the author of _Medii Ævi Kalendarium_, which has, +I believe, been commended in "NOTES AND QUERIES," informs us, in a precious +production which he has lately issued on the _Religious Deceptions of the +Church of Rome_, p. 30., that-- + + "Dr. Geddes, himself a learned Romanist, has selected many [remarkable + errors] in his tract, _A Discovery of some Gross Mistakes in the Roman + Martyrology_." + +Only fancy a Romanist, learned or unlearned, having the effrontery to +bestow so outrageous an appellation upon such an exploit. Does not the +second volume of _Miscellaneous Tracts_, in which the said treatise may be +seen, explicitly admonish us to remember that Michael Geddes, LL.D., was +erst a chancellor of the Church of Sarum? "Quid Romæ faciam?" he +upbraidingly asks in one of his title-pages, "mentiri nescio." + +R. G. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Bishops' Lands_.--In the month of September, 1642, the Parliament +appointed a committee for the sale of Bishops' lands; and an account of +some sold between 1647 and 1651, will be found in vol. i. of the +_Collectanea Topographica_, 8vo., 1834. On the Restoration, a committee sat +to inquire into these sales and make satisfaction. Bishop Kennet refers to +a MS. containing the orders of the commissioners, but does not state where +the MS. was deposited; nor has Sir Frederic Madden, who communicated that +article to the _Collectanea_, met with it anywhere. + +Can any of your correspondents give any information upon the subject, or +say where may be found any accounts of the sales of the lands under the +parliamentary orders, or of the proceedings of the commissioners appointed +to make restitution upon the king's restoration? + +G. + +_The Barons of Hugh Lupus_.--It appears by the charter foundation to the +abbey of St. Werburge at Chester, that several very eminent persons held +the rank of Baron, under Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. The charter is signed +by the earl himself and by the following barons: Richard, son of Hugh +Lupus; Hervey, Bishop of Bangor; Ranulph de Meschines, nephew of the earl; +Roger Bigod, Alan de Perci, William Constabular, Ranulph Dapifer, William +Malbanc, Robert Fitz-Hugh, Hugh Fitz-Norman, Hamo de Masci, and Bigod de +Loges. {88} + +Can any of your readers inform us what befel the families and descendants +of William Malbanc, and Bigod de Loges? The descendants of the rest are too +well authenticated to need inquiry. + +P. + +_Can the Queen make a Gentleman?_--The following is from the Patent Rolls +(13 Ric. II. pars. 1. m. 37. Prynne's _Fourth Institutes_, p. 68.):-- + + "Le Roy a tous ceux as queux cestes Lettres viendrount. Sachez qe come + un Chivalier Fraunceys, a ceo qe nous Soums enformez, ad chalenge un + nostre Liege, Johan de Kyngeston, a faire certeinez faitz et pointz + darmes oveske le dit Chivalier. Nous a fyn qe le dit nostre liege soit + le multz honerablement resceuz a faire puisse et perfourmir les ditz + faitz et pointz d'armes _luy avons resceux en lestat de Gentile homme, + et luy fait Esquier_. Et volons, qil soit conuz par armes, et porte + desore enavant, Cestassavoir d'argent ove une, chapewe Dazure ovesque + une plume Dostrich de goules. Et ceo a tous yeaux as queux y appertient + nous notifions pu ycelles. En tesmoignance de quelle chose nous avons + fait faire cestes noz lettres patentes. Done souz nostre grant Seal a + nostre Paleys de Westm. le primer jour de Juyll. + + "Par brief de Prive Seal." + +H. WITHAM. + +_Plafery_.--In Carew's masque of _Coelum Britannicum_, acted before the +court at Whitehall, the 18th of February, 1633; Momus, arriving from +Olympus immediately after Mercury, says to him-- + + "The hosts upon the highway cry out with open mouth upon you, for + supporting _plafery_ in your train; which, though, as you are the god + of petty larceny, you might protect, yet you know it is directly + _against the new orders_, and oppose the reformation in diameter." + +What is _plafery_? It is evident that the joking allusion to it was rather +bold, for Mercury exclaims,-- + + "Peace, railer, bridle your licentious tongue, + And let this presence teach you modesty." + +B. R. I. + +_St. John's Bridge Fair._--In what county in England was St. John's Bridge +Fair held in the year 1614, and in what town in the county? + +JOSEPHUS. + +_Queries on Costume._--In Wilson's _Life of De Foe_ there is an anecdote of +Charles II. concealing himself, when a fugitive from Worcester, beneath a +lady's hoop, while his pursuers searched the house in which he had taken +refuge. Were hoops worn so early as the year 1651? In the _Book of Costume_ +I find no mention of them before the beginning of the eighteenth century; +but I do not think this circumstance conclusive, as the "Lady of Rank" is +not always very accurate. + +Writing in the reign of Anne, she says, "Fans were now very much used," but +omits to mention that they were in fashion long before, having been +indispensable to Catherine of Braganza and her ladies at home and abroad, +in the church and the theatre. + +"Long gloves," says the Lady of Rank, "began to be worn by the ladies in +this reign." (Queen Anne's). + +"Twelve dozen Martial,[2] whole and half," says Evelyn:--were not _whole_ +Martial gloves, long? + +WEDSECNARF. + +[Footnote 2: "_Martial._--The name of a famous French perfumer, emulating +the Frangipani of Rome."--_Miscellaneous Writings of John Evelyn_, pp. 705. +711. 4to. edit. 1825.] + +_Cum Grano Salis._--Sometime ago I asked from what figure is borrowed the +expression of "Cum grano salis," and have had no reply. I can't find it in +Erasmus. Once a very clever Cambridge man said that it meant "the thing +must be swallowed with a little Attic salt to make it go down pleasantly." +I don't think that he was right. + +E. H. + +_Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, Lucretia._--I should be very glad to learn +whether the great Earl of Clarendon had a daughter named Lucretia. A friend +of mine is descended from Dr. Marsh, archbishop of Armagh, who (it is said) +married Lucretia, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, and was the father of +Lucretia, wife of Dr. McNeil, Dean of Down and Connor. + +WEDSECNARF. + +_Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny._--Can any of your correspondents give +any information respecting a portrait, by Vandyke, of George Lord Aubigny, +brother to the Duke of Richmond and Lennox? There is no doubt that such a +picture once existed. + +L. + +_Foundation Stone of St. Mark's, Venice._--In vol. xxvi. of the +_Archæologia_ is a paper by the late Mr. Douce, "On the foundation stone of +the original church of St. Mark, at Venice," &c., accompanied by an +engraving of the mutilated object itself, which also appears to have been +submitted to the inspection of the Society of Antiquaries at the time the +paper was read. The essay contains, in reality, very little information +relating to the stone, and that little is of no very satisfactory kind; and +I have never been able to divest myself of the idea that it bears somewhat +the semblance of a hoax. Were I inclined to discuss the points which have +suggested this notion, the necessity there is for brevity in corresponding +with the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" would preclude my doing it; but I +must quote the following passage, which comes immediately after the +statement that the original church, in the foundation of which this stone +was deposited, was destroyed in 976. + + "It is very possible that, in clearing away the rubbish of the old + church, the original foundation stone was discovered, and, in some way + or other, at present not traceable, preserved." + +{89} If the fact is so, this stone, "of a circular form, the diameter six +inches and a quarter, its thickness half an inch," must have been loose in +the world for 858 years from its exhumation to 1834, when Mr. Douce's essay +was read, and during that time has lost only the least important part of +its inscription and ornaments. + +Can any one say where this stone now is? When and where Mr. Douce obtained +it? And, I must add, what history was attached to it when in his +possession? for he was not a person likely to possess such an object +without, at least, endeavouring to trace its history. On these points the +essay contains not a word. + +H. C. R. + +_Coins of Richard Cromwell_.--Will any of your numismatical readers inform +me whether there are any coins or medals known of Richard Cromwell, either +during his chancellorship of Oxford, or his short protectorate of these +realms? + +BLOWER. + +_Cataracts of the Nile_.--Seneca (_Nat. Quæst._ iv. 2.) tells a story of +the natives suffering themselves to be carried down in sport, which Rollin +says is confirmed by modern travellers; but can this be so? Can any one +give the names of any of these travellers, and supply the blank thus left +by the historian? + +S. G. + +_Paternoster Tackling.--Dancing Trenchmore._--What is the origin and +meaning of this term? also of the phrase "Dancing Trenchmore?" + +S. G. + +_Hymns_.--Will some of your correspondents favour me with a copy of "Queen +Mary's Lament," a translation of which appeared in Coxe's delightful +_Christian Ballads_. Also Adam of St. Victor's "exquisite poem" on the +Cross, referred to by Mr. Trench in his _Sacred Latin Poetry_? + +JARLTZBERG. + +_Camden and Curwen Families._--Camden, in his _Britannia_, art. +"Cumberland," mentions his descent, by the mother's side, from the Curwens +of Workington. Should any of your numerous correspondents be able to trace +their descent, he would much oblige a member of that family. + +H. C. + +_Jartuare._--Can any of your readers oblige me with any account of a +printed book called _Jartuare?_ Its date would be early in the sixteenth +century, if not earlier. + +W.(1.) + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +JOHN BUNYAN AND HIS PORTRAIT.--DID BUNYAN KNOW HOBBES? + +(Vol. ii., pp. 476. 518.; Vol. iii., p. 70.) + +The best portrait of John Bunyan was drawn and engraved by White, to the +_Holy War_, 1682. The original drawing, and a fine impression of the +engraving, is preserved in the illustrated Grainger's _History of England_, +in the print-room at the British Museum. It was copied in folio for +Bunyan's _Works_. It has been recently copied for Mr. Bogue's elegant +edition of the _Pilgrim_, and for the first complete edition of Bunyan's +_Works_, now publishing by Messrs. Blackie and Sons, Glasgow. A fac-simile +was engraved for an edition of the _Pilgrim_, by Mr. Pickering, 8vo. 1849. + +That the great allegorist was not the author of _Heart's Ease_ in _Heart +Trouble_ is perfectly clear, not only that the style is very different, but +from the author being known. It was first published in 1690, under the +initials of J. B., and the Epistle is dated "From the house of my +pilgrimage, March, 1690." Bunyan died in August, 1688. Mr. Palmer, in his +_Calamy_, vol. ii. p.16., states that the author was James Birdwood. + +Whether Bunyan was acquainted with Hobbes depends upon the authority of a +small volume of _Visions of Heaven and Hell_, published under the name of +Bunyan. In this it is represented that he saw poor Hobbes in hell, and +recognised an old acquaintance. + +The earliest edition of _The Visions_ which I have been able to discover, +is at "London: printed for Edward Midwinter, at the Looking Glass upon +London Bridge, price, bound, one shilling;" without date. It was printed +early in the reign of George I.; this is seen in an advertisement of books +at the end, among which is _The Lives of the Monarchs of England to his +present Majesty King George_. It is entitled, _The Visions of John Bunyan, +being his last remains_. There is no account of either of this, or the +_Heart's Ease_, in _The Struggler for the Preservation of Mr. John Bunyan's +Labours_. This gives a list of forty-three works published by him, and of +seventeen left by him at his decease for publication. If _The Visions_ were +written by him, it must have escaped the search of his widow and surviving +friends; but the style at once proves that it was not a production of his +prolific pen. Bunyan's style was remarkably simple and plain. The following +phrases extracted from _The Visions_ will carry conviction to every +reader:-- + + "Mormo's of a future state," "metempsychosis of nature," "nefandous + villanies," "diurnal and annual," "my visive faculty," + "soul-transparent and diaphonous," "translucid ray," "terrene + enjoyments," "our minds are clarified," "types both of the ante and + post-diluvian world," "the tenuity thereof," "the aereal heavens," + "effluxes of divine glory," "all ænigmas," "corruscations of his divine + nature," "Solomon's mystick epithalamium," "the epiphonema," + "propinquity in nature," "diversified refractions," "too bright and too + diaphonous," "sweet odes and eniphalamics," "amarantine crown," "bright + corruscancy," "palinodies and elegies," "no cataplasm," "eccentricks + quite exterminate," "mutual assassinates," &c. &c. + +Such phrases and terms plain John Bunyan utterly despised. They prove, as +does the whole plan of the treatise, that it must have been a very +different man to the author of the _Pilgrim's Progress_ who wrote these +_Visions_. + +{90} It is not likely that Hobbes and Bunyan were acquainted; they lived in +distant parts of the country. Bunyan's _Pilgrim_, which was the foundation +of his wide-spread fame, was not published till 1678, when the Leviathan +philosopher was ninety years of age; he died in 1679. Hobbes' company were +the learned and illustrious among men,--the Des Carteses, Gassendis, and +Wallises of his age; while Bunyan associated with the despised +Nonconformists. Nor is is likely that Bunyan read the _Leviathan_; Dent's +_Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven, The Practice of Piety_, Fox's _Martyrs_, +and, above all, his Bible, constituted his library during his imprisonment +for conscience-sake, which lasted from 1660 to 1672. Had he suffered from +Hobbes's philosophy, he would have proclaimed it upon the house-tops, +especially in his _Grace Abounding_, that others might have been guarded +from such dangerous scepticism. The _Vision_ of Hobbes was doubtless +intended to render the forgery more popular. + +GEORGE OFFOR. + +Hackney, Jan. 1851. + + * * * * * + +THE MOTHER CHURCH OF THE SAXONS. + +In "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 478.) SIR HENRY ELLIS observes, that-- + + "Although St. Martin's, Canterbury, is commonly called the mother + church of England on account of its having been the first used here by + Augustine, tradition represents, that when this missionary arrived in + Kent, he found an ancient church on the site of what is now called St. + Martin's." + +SIR H. ELLIS adds, that-- + + "A charter of King Canute's styles Saviour's church, Canterbury, the + mother and mistress of all churches in the kingdom of + England."-_Æcclesia Salvatoris_, &c. + +I conceive these accounts to be perfectly reconcilable. From Bede's +_Ecclesiastical History_ (b. i., caps. 25, 26.), we learn that, on the east +side of Canterbury, in the year 597, there was a church dedicated to the +honour of St. Martin, that was "built while the Romans were still in the +island," some two hundred years before this date. St. Martin's was the +church wherein Bertha, Queen of Kent, used to pray; she having been a +Christian of the Royal Family of the Franks. + +It will, of course, be allowed that during the sixth, seventh, and eighth +centuries, different saints were held in especial honour in different +countries. For instance, not long after the arrival of the Roman +missionaries in England, various churches and monasteries,--at Canterbury, +Lindisfarne, Bamborough, Lichfield, Weremouth, and Jarrow, and the capital +city of the Picts,--were wholly or partially named after St. Peter. When +Naitan, King of the Picts, was about to build his church, he sought the +assistance of the Abbot of Weremouth, a strong supporter of Roman +observances, and "promised to dedicate the same in honour of St. Peter," +and to follow the custom of the Roman church, in certain matters, which the +subjects of his kingdom had protested against, for more than a hundred +years. + +Now, on the occasion of Queen Bertha's leaving France, she was accompanied +to England by a bishop of her native country, named Luidhard; and when it +is remembered that they settled in Kent, amongst heathens of great +superstition,--an example of which is recorded on the part of her own +husband,--it is natural to suppose they would, in some public manner, seek +the especial protection of the popular saint of France; and that saint was +Martin. For so profound was the popular veneration which the Franks at one +period offered to the power of Saint Martin, that they even computed +ordinary occurrences and national events, by an era which commenced with +the year of his death.[3] + +It is therefore very probable that the public act of reverence just alluded +to, consisted in a new dedication of the repaired church, by adding to the +ancient name that of St. Martin. + +That a practice of altering the names of sacred edifices in this manner was +common at the date under consideration, cannot be questioned. For example, +Bishop Aidan, about the year 652, built a church in the island of +Lindisfarne, the name of which is now unknown. This structure, however, +having been destroyed by a fire, his successor, Finan, erected another on +the same site, and apparently of the same name. But when a second fire +destroyed this church also, in some five and twenty or thirty years, "a +larger church" was erected on the old site, and gratefully "dedicated in +honour of St. Peter," by Theodore of Roman appointment, "the first +archbishop whom all the English church obeyed." (_Bede_, iii. 17. and 25., +and iv. 2.) Here, then, a new name was given to a church on the site of a +former one of different appellation; and in Lichfield, we have two examples +of similar alterations in the names of churches; one St. Chad's Church, +Stow, and the other, the cathedral. On the site of the former, according to +Bede, Bishop Chad built a St. Mary's Church, hard by which he was buried; +"but afterwards, when the church of the most holy prince of the apostles, +Peter, was built, his bones were translated into it." (_Ecc. History_, iv. +3.) That is to say, when Chad was canonised, his remains were removed to +the site of the present cathedral, as relics over which the principal +church of the Mercian kingdom was to be erected. + +Throughout the various documents relating to this church, which are +preserved in Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol. iii. pp. 219-255, Savoy edition, +{91} the cathedral is generally styled the church of St. Mary and St. Chad. +And again, on a recently discovered seal of the dean and chapter, engraved +some two hundred years after Stephen's reign, the inscription is this: + + "S' DECANI ET CAPL'I ECCLE'IE SCE MARIE ET SCI CEDDE LYCHFELD' AD + CAS."[4] + +But in a grant from King Stephen to Bishop Roger de Clinton, who commenced +the present fabric, it is simply styled _ecclesia Sancti Ceddæ de +Lichfield_; and in the year 1341 a document was addressed _Decano et +Capitulo ecclesiæ Sancti Ceddæ Lych'_, as may be learned from the +_Foedera_, vol. ii. p. 2. + +We thus perceive, that the original name of Lichfield Cathedral has been +dropped for centuries, and so has that of the church which Bishop Chad +built in honour of the Virgin Mary at Stow; for this Church has, for a long +time, been known only by the name of Stow Church, or by that of St. Chad's, +Stow. + +And in this manner, I fancy, may be reconciled the different names of +Saviour's, or St. Saviour's, Canterbury, and St. Martin's, Canterbury; both +alluding to the same church, THE MOTHER CHURCH of _Saxon_ England. + +J. RAWSON, M.D. + +Lichfield. + +[Footnote 3: See Brady's _Clavis Calendaria_, November 12.] + +[Footnote 4: See the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for August 1848; in which an +accurate representation of this seal is given.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_The Frozen Horn_ (Vol. ii., p. 262.; Vol. iii., p. 25.).--In an old +edition of _Hudibras_ now before me, I find the following note on the lines +quoted by J. M. G.:-- + + "Some report that in Nova Zembla and Greenland men's words are wont to + be frozen in the air, and at the thaw may be heard." + +The application of the idea by Charles Dickens, in his _Old Curiosity +Shop_, is also, I think, extremely felicitous. + + "'Don't be frightened, mistress,' said Quilp, after a pause. 'Your son + knows me: I don't eat babies; I don't like 'em. It will be as well to + stop that young screamer though, in case I should be tempted to do him + a mischief. Holloa, Sir! will you be quiet?' _Little Jacob stemmed the + course of two tears which he was squeezing out of his eyes, and + instantly subsided into a silent horror.... The moment their_ [Quilp + and Swiveller] _backs were turned, little Jacob thawed, and resumed his + crying from the point where Quilp had frozen him._"--Vol. i. pp. 207-9. + +J. B. COLMAN. + +_To Pose._--In Vol. ii., p. 522., your correspondent F. R. A. points out +some passages in which the word "posing" appears to be used in a sense +equivalent to "parsing." Neither the etymology nor the exact meaning of the +word "to pose," are easy to determine. It seems to be abbreviated from the +old verb "to appose;" which meant, to set a task, to subject to an +examination or interrogatory; and hence to perplex, to embarrass, to +puzzle. The latter is the common meaning of the word _to pose_; thus in +Crabbe's _Parish Register_:-- + + "Then by what name th' unwelcome guest to call, + Was long a question, and _it posed them all_." + +Hence, too, the common expression, that a question which it is difficult to +answer, or an argument which seems to decide the controversy, is a _poser_. +The word "posing" in the passages cited by F. R. A. may refer to the +examination of the pupil by the teacher of grammar. Thus, Fuller, in his +_Worthies_, art. Norfolk, says that-- + + "The University appointed Dr. Cranmer, afterwards Archbishop of + Canterbury, to be the _poser-general_ of all candidates in divinity." + +Roquefort, _Gloss. de la Langue Romaine_, has "apponer, appliquer, poser, +plaier." See Richardson in _appose_ and _pose_. + +L. + +_Culprits torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 480.).--In reply to MR. JACKSON'S +question respecting culprits torn by horses, I beg to inform him that +Robert François Damiens was the last criminal thus executed in France. He +suffered on the 28th March, 1757, for an attempt on the life of Louis XV. +The awful penalty of the law was carried out in complete conformity with +the savage precedents of former centuries. Not one of the preparatory +barbarities of question, ordinary and extraordinary, or of the accompanying +atrocities of red-hot pincers, melted lead, and boiling oil, was omitted. +The agony of the wretched man lasted for an hour and a half, and was +witnessed, as Mercier informs us, by all the best company in Paris. + +The men amused their leisure with cards, while waiting, as he says, for the +boiling oil; and the women were the last to turn their eyes from the +hideous spectacle. Your correspondent may be glad to be informed that the +same punishment was inflicted on Poltrot de Méré for the murder of the Duke +of Guise, in 1563; on Salcède, in 1582, for conspiring against the Duke of +Alençon; on Brilland, in 1588, for poisoning the Prince de Condé; on +Bourgoing, Prior of the Jacobins, as an accessory to the crime of Jaques +Clément, in 1590; and on Ravaillac, for the murder of Henry IV. in 1610. +These, with the case of Jean Chastel, are all of which I am aware. If any +of your readers can add to the list, I shall feel obliged. + +As I am upon the subject of judicial horrors, I would ask, whether any of +your correspondents can supply me with a reference to the case of a {92} +woman executed, I think in Paris, and, if my recollection serves, for a +systematic series of infanticides. + +She was put to death by being suspended over a fire in an iron cage, in +which a number of wild cats were shut up with her. + +I read the story many years ago, and for some time have been vainly +endeavouring to recover it. + +J. S. + +_Torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 522.).--This cruel mode of execution was +practised both in antiquity and the middle ages. Livy, speaking of Tullus +Hostilius, says:-- + + "Exinde, duabus admotis quadrigis, in currus earum distentum illigat + Mettum; deinde in diversum iter equi concitati, lacerum in utroque + curru corpus, qua inhæserant vinculis membra, portantes. Avertere omnes + a tantâ foedidate spectaculi oculos."--L. i., c. 28. + +Livy adds, that this was the first and last example of so savage a +punishment among the Romans. The punishment, however, must have been +well-known in antiquity, as it is alluded to by Seneca among the tortures +which accompanied death. + + "Cogita hoc loco carcerem, et cruces, et equleos, et uncum; et adactum + per medium hominem, qui per os emergat, stipitem; _et distracta in + diversum actis curribus membra_."--Epist. xiv. 4. + +Grimm (_Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer_, p. 692.) quotes the following instance +of this punishment from Gregory of Tours, _Hist. France_, iii. 7.: + + "Puellas crudelinece interfecerunt ita ut ligatis brachiis super + equorum cervicibus, ipsique acerrimo moti stimulo per diversa petentes + diversas in partes feminas diviserunt" + +He adds that it occurs frequently in the legends of the Carolingian period. +Thus Turpin, c. 26., describes as follows the punishment of the traitor +Gannalon:-- + + "Jussit illum Carolus quatuor equis ferocissimis totius exercitus + alligari, et super eos quatuor sessores agitantes contra quatuor plagas + coeli, et sic dignâ morte discerptus interiit." + +Almost all cruel punishments have been used in the East, and it is not +improbable that execution by means of horses may be mentioned in some +oriental narrative. + +L. + +_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440.).--In _Cambria Triumphans_, by Percy +Enderbie, at p. 283, will be found a copy of a deed, the conclusion of +which runs thus:-- + + "Sigilla nostra apposuimus in Castro nostro de Burgavenny vicessimo + secundo die Julii, anno regni Regis Henrici sexti, post _Conquestum_ + vicessimo septimo." + +The word is here used for the accession of the King. + +S. K. + +_Mayors--their correct Prefix_ (Vol. i., p. 380.).--Since propounding my +Query in Vol. i., p. 380., relative to this subject, I have to inform your +readers, that I have been favoured with the opinion of gentlemen very high +in official authority on all points connected with heraldry and the rules +of precedence; which is, that the proper style of the mayor of a borough is +"the worshipful;" and they are further of opinion, that there can be no +ground for styling the mayor of a city "the right worshipful." + +J. + +_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.).--On the origin of this expression, I must +claim the right to dissent from your correspondent G. F. G., who appears to +have fallen into the error of confining a form of very wide application to +one particular case, in which he discovers a trifling coincidence of fact. +The connexion of the colour blue with truth is of very ancient date, of +which the following may for the present suffice as an example:-- + + "And by hire beddes hed she made a mew + And covered it with velouettes blew, + In signe of trouth, that is in woman sene." + Chaucer, _Squiere's Tale_. + +Blue, in the early practice of the tinctorial art, appears to have been the +most humble of the colours in use, and the least affected by any external +influence; and, down to the present day, if certain tints of recent +invention be excepted, the same character may be claimed for it. What then +more natural, than that it should be taken as the type of immutability, or +that every party, political or religious, should in turn assume it as the +badge of honesty of purpose, and of firm adherence to their principles? + +F. S. Q. + +_Modum Promissionis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 279, 347, 468.).--This phrase is +perhaps connected with the promissivus modus, _i.e._ tempus promissivum or +futurum of Diomedes and other mediæval grammarians. + +T. J. + +_Fronte capillatâ, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).--The representation of +"Occasio," or "Opportunity," with hair in front, and bald behind, is far +more ancient than the drama referred to by your correspondent G. A. S. + +In the _Anthologia_ (Brunck's edition, vol. ii. p. 49.) the following +beautiful epigram is the 13th by Posidippus:-- + + [Greek: Eis Agalma tou Kairou.] + [Greek: Tis, pothen ho plastês? Sikuônios. Ounoma dê tis?] + [Greek: Lusippos. Su de, tis? Kairos ho pandamatôr.] + [Greek: Tipte d' ep' akra bebêkas? Aei trochaô. Ti de tarsous] + [Greek: Possin echeis diphueis? Hiptam' hupênemios.] + [Greek: Cheiri de dexiterêi ti phereis xuron? Andrasi deigma] + [Greek: Hôs akmês pasês oxuteros telethô.] + [Greek: Hê de komê, ti kat' opsin? Hupantiasanti labesthai,] + [Greek: Nê Dia. Taxopithen pros ti phalakra pelei?] + [Greek: Ton gar hapax ptênoisi parathrexanta me possin] + [Greek: Ou tis eu' himeirôn draxetai exopithen.] + [Greek: Tounech' ho technitês se dieplasen? Heineken humeôn,] + [Greek: Xeine, kai en prothurois thêke dikaskaliên.] + +{93} The same epigram, with an inconsiderable alteration, is given in +Bosch's _Anthologia Græca_, vol. ii. p. 478., with a close Latin +translation by Grotius. + +The following English version of the Greek is as nearly literal as the +idioms of the two languages will allow. + + "Who is the sculptor, say, and whence? + From Sicyon. What is he + By name? Lysippus. Who art thou? + I am Opportunity. + + "Why is thy step so high and light? + I am running all the day. + Why on each foot hast thou a wing? + I fly with the winds away. + + "Why is a razor in thy hand? + More keen my edge is set. + Why hast thou hair upon thy brow? + To seize me by, when met. + + "Why is thy head then bald behind? + Because men wish in vain, + When I have run past on wingèd feet + To catch me e'er again. + + "Why did the artist form thee so? + To place me in this hall, + That I a lesson thus might give + To thee, friend, and to all." + +Ausonius, in the fourteenth century of the Christian era, imitates this in +his 12th epigram. + +Phædrus (lib. v., fab. 8), in the Augustine age, speaks of the same +representation as already sanctioned by antiquity:-- + + "OCCASIO DEPICTA. + "Cursu veloci pendens in novaculâ, + Calvus, comosâ fronte, nudo corpore; + Quem si occuparis, teneas: elapsum semel + Non ipse possit Jupiter reprehendere; + Occassionem rerum significat brevem. + Effectus impediret ne segnis mora, + Finxere antiqui talem effigiem temporis." + +T. C. + +Durham, Jan. 20. 1851. + +_Cross between a Wolf and a Hound_ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--There is no doubt +that a dog and a wolf are capable of breeding together. The fact is well +known, and has been long ascertained. See _Penny Cyclopædia_, art. "Dog." +The only question is whether the offspring of this cross is a mule, and, +like other mules, incapable of continuing its race; or whether it is +prolific? The latter position is maintained by Mr. Bell, in his _History of +British Quadrupeds_. "The dog and wolf will readily breed together (he +says), _and their progeny is fertile_." But query, can any authentic +instance be produced of a cross between a dog and a wolf, which has +produced a prolific animal? + +L. + +Professor Thomas Bell states that the dog and wolf will readily breed with +each other, and that their progeny thus obtained will again mingle with the +dog. + +W. J. BERNARD SMITH. + +Temple, Jan. 19. 1851. + +I have read somewhere (in Kohl's _Russia_, if I mistake not) that this +cross is not uncommon in the southern portions of European Russia, but I +have not the book at hand to refer to. + +DISS. + +Your correspondent, T----N, will find this fact referred to in Sir John +Franklin's _Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea_, vol. +i., p. 268., 2nd edition, London. Murray, 1824. Lieutenant Hood says-- + + "On our way to the tent a black wolf rushed out upon an Indian, who + happened to pass its den. It was shot, and the Indians carried away + three black whelps, to improve the breed of their dogs." + +W. H. H. K. + +Drayton Beauchamp, Jan. 22. 1851. + +_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--I have seen an illuminated +MS. containing the form of prayer in use previous to the Reformation. As +far as I remember, the MS. in question must have been of the fifteenth +century. Where it may now be found I am not aware. At the time of my seeing +it, it was in the possession of Mr. Toovey of Piccadilly. + +A somewhat curious field for inquiry on this subject is opened by a passage +in Voltaire's _Siècle de Louis XIV_. Speaking of James II. touching for the +evil while in exile at the French court, he says-- + + "Soit que les Rois Anglais se soient attribué ce singulier privilège, + comme prétendans à la couronne de la France; soit que cette cérémonie + soit établie chez eux depuis le temps du premier Edouard." + +Have we any evidence of the ceremony having been performed by any French +monarchs? I am not aware of any. + +J. SN. + +_Old Booty_ (Vol. iii, p. 40.).--In 1830 there appeared a humorous +versification, by W. T. Moncrieff, of this story, for the authenticity of +which he prudently says he cannot vouch. He furnishes a sort of account of +the affair, and of an action at the suit of Booty's widow, the records of +which, it says, are at Westminster, Jan. 2. 1687. + +Notwithstanding this apparent circumstantial account, we find in a very +entertaining anonymous work, entitled _The History of Man; or, the Wonders +of Human Nature_, 2nd edit. Edinb. 1790, 8vo., vol. i. p. 376., a similar +incident related of a Mr. Gresham, an eminent merchant of London, which +happened in the reign of Hen. VIII., the authorities for which are cited, +_Sandy's Trav._ l. 4. p. 248. _Clark's Mir._ c. 33. p. 115. + +F. R. A. + +_Breeches Bible_ (Vol. iii., p 17.).--The first edition of this Bible is +now before me. The title-page and portions of the addresses to Queen +Elizabeth and to the reader are unfortunately {94} wanting, as is also the +first leaf of Genesis. But the title of the New Testament as follows:-- + + "The Newe Testament of ovr Lord Jesus Christ [***] Conferred diligently + with the Greke, and best approued translacions in divers languages. At + Geneva: Printed by Rouland Hull. M.D.LX." + +There is a woodcut of the Egyptians pursuing the Israelites on the shore of +the Red Sea, surrounded with texts from scripture. It is a small quarto in +Roman type, and divided into verses. + +ECHO. + +_Separation of Sexes in Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.).--This custom appears to +be of considerable antiquity. Sir Thomas More, in his _Utopia_ (p. 285. of +the edition of 1639), says-- + + "When they be come thither, the men goe into the right side of the + church, and the women into the left side." + +J. SN. + +_Defender of the Faith_ (Vol. iii., p. 9.).--By a hasty perusal of the +letter of COL. ANSTRUTHER in your number of the 4th of January, I perceive +that some doubt has been raised whether any of our sovereigns have used the +title of Defender of the Faith, prior to the time of King Henry VIII. + +If you will refer to the forth part of Prynne's _Institutes_, pp. 229-30, +and 295-6-7, you will find set out at full length divers letters close and +patent from King Richard II. in the 6th, 11th, and 19th years of his reign, +for suppressing the heresies of Wickliff and his followers. These letters +are addressed to the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, William +Archbishop of Canterbury (Courtney), and to Ralfe Crombewell, Chivalier, +and John Lekyll, and the Mayor and Bailiffs of Nottingham, in which King +Richard II. styles himself thus--"Nos Zelo Fidei Catholicæ, Cujus Sumus Et +Esse Volumus Defensores," &c. + +H. WITHAM. + +Lincoln Chambers, Chancery Lane, Jan. 14. 1851. + +_Epigram on Synod of Dort_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--The statement in the +_Biographie Universelle_, that this epigram was made _in England_, is +probably taken from Mosheim (_Eccl. Hist_.), who says the same; but his +authority Neal (_Hist. of the Puritans_) does not say that it was made _in +England_; and one can hardly read the sentence in which he quotes it +without feeling satisfied that he did not know _who_ made it. After stating +that the proceedings of the synod were much approved of by the English +divines, and quoting expressions of Mr. Baxter and the learned Jacobus +Capella in its favour, he proceeds-- + + "P. du Moulin, Paulus Servita, and the author of the life of Waleus, + speak the same language. But _others_ poured contempt upon the Synod, + or burlesqued their proceedings in the following lines: + + 'Dordrechti Synodus, nodus; chorus integer, æger; + Conventus, ventus; sessio stramen. Amen.' + + Lewis du Moulin, with all the favourers of the Arminian doctrine, as + Heylin, Womeck, Brandt, &c., charge them with partiality and + unjustifiable severity." + +When a writer, in the midst of a shower of authorities, refers a particular +expression to "others," it may almost be laid down as a rule, that he does +not know whose property it is. Here, therefore, the inquiry seems brought +to a dead stop, in this tract at least. + +B. R. I. + +_Parish Register Tax_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--In our register, Hawarden, I +find the following entry: + + "October, 1783. On the 2nd of this month the Act commenced which layeth + a duty of threepence upon every Registry of a Burial, except a + _Pauper's_." + +And again: + + "Oct. 1. 1794. The duty of threepence on each Registry of Births, + Deaths, and Marriages, imposed by Act of Parliament, commencing October + 2. 1783, ceased this day." + +During this interval many burials are marked _paupers_. + +WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER. + +Hawarden, Flints. + +_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 41.).--Walker says: + + "Mr. Dugdale, in relating the same matter, adds that Rigby not only + exposed them to sale, but _found purchasers_ also; and what is more, + had actually contracted with two merchants for them; and for that + reason moved it twice (in the House, as I understand him) that they + might be disposed of." + +WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +When a work of such general reference as a Peerage, which is wanted upon +every library table, and in every club and reading-room "where men do +congregate;" which is, at the same time, from its nature, open to the +criticism of hundreds of critics,--when a work of this nature and of such +extent as _Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and +Baronetage of the British Empire_ bears on its title-page the brief but +expressive words "_Thirteenth Edition_," it has obviously long outlived the +time when any question can exist as to its merits. These have long been +recognised by those best able to appreciate them, namely, the noble +personages to whose history, and the history of whose descent and +collateral branches, it is especially devoted; and whose personal +communications have served to procure for the present work the merit by +which it seeks to distinguish itself from all similar productions, namely, +by its greater fullness of detail and its extreme accuracy. + +The Rev. A. Hussey, M.A., has in the Press _Notes on the Churches in the +Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey mentioned in Domesday Book_. +Subscribers names are received by Mr. J. Russell Smith. {95} + +Mr. M. A. Lower's translation of _The Chronicle of Battel Abbey, from the +Vow of its Foundation by the Conqueror in 1066 to the Year 1176_, will be +published in the course of the present month. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell, on Monday and Tuesday next, a very +valuable and important Collection of Classical and Historical Books, from +the Library of a Collector; and on Wednesday and two following Days, an +important portion of the valuable Library of the Right Hon. C. W. Williams +Wynn, including First and Second Folio Shakspeare, Caxton's _Golden +Legend_, and some valuable MSS., including one of the works of Robert +Rolle, the Hermit of Hampole, &c. + +_Catalogues Received_.--William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part +LI. of Second-hand English and Foreign Books on Theology, Fine Arts, and +Miscellaneous Literature; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho) +Catalogue of Books relating to Kent, Sussex, and Surrey; W. S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-fifth Catalogue of Cheap +Second-hand English Foreign and Classical Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY. + +MRS. GRANT'S LETTERS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. + +COLEBROOKE'S ESSAYS. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +SOUTHEY'S LIFE OF WESLEY (_Early Edition_.) + +CÆSAR, VALPY'S DELPHIN EDITION. + +GREEK TRANSLATION OF CÆSAR'S GALLIC WAR. + +VAN ESPEN, JUS ECCLESIASTICUM, 1781. + +[***] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +LOCKE. _We shall next week lay before our readers a long and most +interesting inedited Letter from Lord Shaftesbury, the author of the_ +Characteristics, _to Le Clerc, in which he gives a biographical sketch of +his friend and foster father Mr. Locke._ + +J. S. B. _The two Notes were duly forwarded. Will our correspondent enable +us to write to him._ + +C. W. B. _The very interesting little_ History of Venice _in Murray's_ +Family Library _was written by the late Rev. E. Smedley_. + +G. R. M. _The brass token in question is a weight for weighing +half-guineas; the coinage weights of which were_ 2 dwt. 16¾ gr., _and the_ +current _weights_ 2 dwt. 16 gr. + +_We have two or three favours to request of our correspondents, and we ask +them no less for their sakes than for our own. 1st. That they will be +particular in their references, and collate their extracts before sending +them to us; for they little know the loss of time and the trouble which a +neglect of these trifles occasions us. 2d. That they will forward their +separate articles as far as possible on separate papers; for several +valuable communications are now standing over, until we can find leisure to +separate and arrange for the press the different parts. 3rd. That they will +write_ as legibly as they can. + +J. S. (Brighton). _Received._ + +K. R. H. M. _The poem, beginning_, + + "Give Lucinda pearle nor stone," + +_written by Thomas Carew, or Carye, was addressed to the celebrated +Countess of Carlisle, daughter of Edward Lord Howard of Escrick, and is +printed at p. 48. of Tom Davies' edition of_ Carew's Poems (1772). + +REPLIES RECEIVED. _Umbrella--Ulm MS.--Pillgarlick--Tandem D. 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By HERSCHELL E. +FILIPOWSKI. + +The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype places of +these Tables, (published a few months ago at 2l. 2s.,) is enabled to offer +a corrected edition at the above reduced price. + +_Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq._ + +"I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of Anti-Logarithms, +and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his proposed table of +Annuities for three lives, constructed from the Carlisle Table. + +"The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, in +extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique among +modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this being +supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without qualification. + +"The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of opinion. +I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease, as I have +found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other tables, and +particularly with other FIVE-FIGURE tables, of the same kind, will +recommend it. I desire to confine myself to testifying to the facility with +which this table can be used; comparison with other forms, as to RELATIVE +facility, being out of the question on so short a trial. + +"On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion to say +anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well aware how +much it is wanted. + +"A. DE MORGAN." + +GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet-street. + + * * * * * + + +{96} + +NOTICE. + +THE NEW EDITION OF BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1851 + +IS PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +Revised and corrected throughout to the Present Time from the Personal +Communications of the Nobility, &c. + +In 1 Vol. Royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary volumes, +with 1500 engravings of arms, &c. 38s. bound. + +"The most complete, the most convenient, and the cheapest work of the kind +ever given to the public."--_Sun_. + +Also just published, in 2 vols. 8vo., 28s. bound, + +MR. DISRAELI'S LIFE AND REIGN OF CHARLES I. + +New Edition, revised by the Author, and edited by his Son, B. DISRAELI, +M.P. + +"By far the most important work on the important age of Charles I. that +modern times have produced."--_Quarterly Review_. + +HENRY COLBURN, Publisher, 13. Great Marlborough Street. + + * * * * * + + +The important and valuable Library of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq,. F.R.S., +F.S.A. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and JOHN WILKINSON, auctioneers of literary +property and works illustrative of the fine arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at +their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on Monday, February 10, and +three following days, at 1 precisely, the valuable antiquarian, +miscellaneous, and historical LIBRARY of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq., +F.R.S., F.S.A.; comprising the first, second and fourth editions of the +works of Shakspeare, and an extensive collection of Shaksperiana; Dugdale +(W.) Monasticon Anglicanum, 3 vols., original edition; Dugdale (W.) +Monasticon Anglicanum, by Bandinel, Caley, and Ellis, 8 vols., a fine +subscription copy, in blue morocco; the Baronage of England, and other of +his works; Duchesne (A.) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui; Guillim +(J.) Display of Heraldry, best edition; Hidgdon (R.) Polychronicon, black +letter, a rare edition, fine copy; Hollinshed (R.) 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Emigration.--Its Distribution and Importance. + 6. Lord Carlisle, and Alexander Pope. + 7. The Italian Revolution.--Mazzini and Baillie Cochrane. + 8. Höhner on Musical Composition + 9. The Power of Romanism. + Review of the Month, &c. &c. + + * * * * * + +[***] The circulation of the ECLECTIC having increased _fourfold_, a third +Edition of the JANUARY Number is now ready, and may be had by order of any +Bookseller in town or country. + +WARD and Co, 27. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +PERIODICAL WORKS, + +_For February_, 1851. + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE.--THE NATIONAL EDITION, Part VIII., containing +KING HENRY IV., Part I., with numerous Illustrations, price 1s. + +[***] This Work is published twice a month. Each PART contains a complete +Play. + +THE NATIONAL EDITION OF THE PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE is also published in +MONTHLY SECTIONS, each containing TWO PLAYS and a portion of the BIOGRAPHY +AND STUDIES. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 66, February 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: August 16, 2007 [EBook #22339] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 66 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 81 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page81"></a>{81}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 66.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, February 1. 1851.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" in Holland</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page81">81</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir John Davies and his Biographers, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page82">82</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>A Note on Queen Anne's Farthings by J. Y. Akerman</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page83">83</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Folk-Lore:—Lammer Beads—On the Lingering of the + Spirit—May Cats—Mottos on Warming-pans and Garters</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page84">84</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Jesse's "London and its Celebrities," by Henry + Campkin</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page84">84</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Notes:—Verstegan—George Herbert and the Church + at Leighton Bromswold—Little Gidding—Etymology of + Kobold—Judas Cup—Essleholt Priory—Crossing Rivers + on Skins</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page85">85</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Bibliographical Queries</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page86">86</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Queries:—Bishops' Lands—The Barons of Hugh + Lupus—Can the Queen make a Gentleman?—Plafery—St. + John's Bridge Fair—Queries on Costume—Cum Grano + Salis—Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, Lucretia—Vandyke's + Portrait of Lord Aubigny—Foundation Stone of St. Mark's, + Venice—Coins of Richard Cromwell—Cataracts of the + Nile—Paternoster Tackling—Dancing + Trenchmore—Hymns— Camden and Curwen + Families—Jartuare</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page87">87</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>John Bunyan and his Portrait.—Did Bunyan know Hobbes? by + George Offor</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page89">89</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Mother Church of the Saxons by Dr. J. Rawson</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page90">90</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Replies to Minor Queries:—The Frozen Horn—To + Pose—Culprits torn by Horses—The Conquest—Mayors, + their correct Prefix—True Blue—Modum + Promissionis—Fronte capillatâ &c.—Cross between a + Wolf and a Hound—Touching for the Evil—Old + Booty—Breeches Bible—Separation of the + Sexes—Defender of the Faith—Epigram on the Synod of + Dort—Parish Register Tax—Clergy sold for Slaves</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page91">91</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page94">94</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page95">95</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page95">95</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page95">95</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries" in Holland</span>.</h3> + + <p>The following extremely interesting, and, we need scarcely add, to us + most gratifying, communication reached us at too late a period last week + to admit of our then laying it before our friends, readers, and + contributors. They will one and all participate in our gratification at + the proof which it affords, not merely of that success which they have + all combined to secure, but of the good working, and consequent wide + extension, of that great principle of literary brotherhood which it has + been the great object of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" to + establish.</p> + + <p><i>To the Editor of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>."</p> + + <p>Mr. Editor,</p> + + <p>We have the pleasure of sending you the prospectus of "<span + class="sc">De Navorscher</span>," a new Dutch periodical, grounded upon + the same principle as its valuable and valiant predecessor "<span + class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>." The title, when translated into + English, would be—"<i>The Searcher; a medium of intellectual + exchange and literary intercourse between all who know something, have to + ask something, or can solve something.</i>" If it be glorious for + <i>you</i> to have proposed a good example, we think it honourable for + <i>us</i> to follow it.</p> + + <p>Though we do not wish to be our own trumpets, we can say that never a + Dutch newspaper was greeted, before its appearance, by such favourable + prognostics. <i>Your</i> idea, Mr. Editor, was received with universal + applause; and Mr. <span class="sc">Frederik Muller</span>, by whom "<span + class="sc">De Navorscher</span>" will be published, is not only a + celebrated bookseller, but also one of our most learned + <i>bookmen</i>.</p> + + <p>Ready to promote by every means in our power the friendly intercourse + between your country and our fatherland, we desire of you to lay the + following plan before the many readers of "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>."</p> + + <p>1. Every Query, which, promulgated by our English sister, would + perhaps find a solution when meeting the eyes of <i>Dutch</i> readers, + will be <span class="scac">TRANSLATED</span> for them by her foreign + brother. We promise to send you a version of the eventual answers.</p> + + <p>2. Of Queries, divulged in "<span class="sc">De Navorscher</span>," + and likely to be answered if translated for the British readers of "<span + class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," a <i>version</i> will be presented + by us to the sister-periodical.</p> + + <p>3. The title of <span class="sc">Books or Odd Volumes</span> wanted to + purchase, of which copies may exist in the Netherlands, will be duly + inserted into "<span class="sc">De Navorscher</span>" when required. Mr. + <span class="sc">Frederik Muller</span> will direct his letters, + containing particulars and lowest price, to the persons anxious for + information.</p> + + <p>4. All communications for "<span class="sc">De Navorscher</span>" must + be addressed to Mr. <span class="sc">D. Nutt</span>, Bookseller, <!-- + Page 82 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page82"></a>{82}</span>No. 270. + Strand; or, <i>carriage free</i>, to the "<i>Directors</i> of the same," + care of Mr. <span class="sc">Frederik Muller</span>, "Heerengracht, near + the Oude Spieglestraat, Amsterdam."</p> + + <p>With a fervent wish that in such a manner, two neighbourly nations, + connected by religion, commerce, and literary pursuits, may be more and + more united by the mail-bearing sea which divides them, we have the + honour to remain,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1">Mr. Editor,</p> + <p class="i2">Your respectful servants,</p> + <p><span class="sc">The Directors of "De Navorscher."</span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Amsterdam, the 16th of December, 1850.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>When by the publication of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" + we laid down those telegraphic lines of literary communication which we + hoped should one day find their way into every library and book-room in + the United Kingdom, we little thought that, ere fifteen months had + passed, we should be called upon, not to lay down a <i>sub</i>marine + telegraph, but to establish a <i>super</i>marine communication with our + brethren in the Low Countries. We do so most gladly, for we owe them + much. From them it was that Caxton learned the art, but for which "<span + class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" would never have existed; and of + which the unconstrained practice has, under Providence, served to create + our literature, to maintain our liberties, and to win for England its + exalted position among the nations of the earth.</p> + + <p>Heartily, therefore, do we bid God speed to "<span class="sc">De + Navorscher</span>;" and earnestly will we do all we can to realize the + kindly wish of our Amsterdam brethren, that the "two neighbourly nations + of Holland and England, connected by religion, commerce, and literary + pursuits, may be more and more united by the mail-bearing sea which + divides them."</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>SIR JOHN DAVIES AND HIS BIOGRAPHERS.</h3> + + <p>Sir John Davies, the "sweet poet" and "grave lawyer"—rather odd + combinations by the bye,—according to Wood, was "born at Chisgrove, + in the parish of Tysbury in Wiltshire, being the son of a wealthy + <i>tanner</i> of that place!" This statement is repeated in Cooper's + <i>Muses' Library</i>, p. 331.; Nichols's <i>Select Poems</i>, vol. i., + p. 276.; Sir E. Brydges's edition of Philips's <i>Theatrum Poetarum</i>, + 1800, p. 272.; Sir Harris Nicolas's edition of Davison's <i>Poetical + Rhapsody</i>, vol. i. p. cii., &c. And Headley, in his <i>Select + Beauties of Poetry</i>, ed. 1787, vol. i. p. xli., adds, "he was a man of + <i>low</i> extraction!" Wood's assertion concerning Davies's parentage, + was made, I believe, upon the authority of Fuller; but it is undoubtedly + an error, as the books which record the admission of the younger Davies + into the Society of the Middle Temple, say the father was "late of New + Inn, <i>gentleman</i>."</p> + + <p>Mr. Robert R. Pearce, in a recent work, entitled <i>A History of the + Inns of Court and Chancery</i>, 8vo. 1848, p. 293., gives the following + sketch of the leading facts in the life of our "poetical + lawyer:"—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir John Davis, the author of <i>Reports</i>, and several other legal + works, and a poet of considerable repute, was of this Society + [<i>i.e.</i> the Middle Temple]. His father was a member of New Inn, and + a practitioner of the law in Wiltshire. At the Middle Temple, young Davis + became rather notorious for his irregularities, and having beaten Mr. + Richard Martin (also a poet, and afterwards Recorder of London) in the + hall, he was expelled the house. Afterwards, through the influence of + Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, he was restored to his position in the Middle + Temple; and, in 1601, was elected a Member of the House of Commons. In + 1603, he was appointed by King James Solicitor-General in Ireland. In + 1606, he was called to the degree of Serjeant-at-Law; and, in the + following year, was knighted by the King at Whitehall. In 1612, he + published a book on the state of Ireland, which is often referred to; and + soon afterwards he was appointed King's Serjeant, and Speaker of the + House of Commons in Ireland. On his return to England he published his + reports of cases adjudged in the King's Court in Ireland,—the first + reports of Irish cases made public. The preface to these reports is very + highly esteemed. It has been said to vie with Coke in solidity and + learning, and equal Blackstone in classical illustration and elegant + language. Sir John Davis died 7th of December, 1626."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is amusing to see how erroneous statements creep into ordinary + biography. Headley, as we have just seen, calls Davies "a man of + <i>low</i> extraction;" and now we find a more recent biographer adding + (without the shadow of an authority), "at the Middle Temple, young Davies + became <i>rather notorious for his irregularities</i>!"</p> + + <p>Davies's quarrel with Richard Martin is alluded to by Wood. After + speaking of his admission into the Middle Temple, and of his being made a + barrister (July, 1595), that writer adds:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"But so it was that he [Sir John Davies] being a high-spirited young + man, did, upon some little provocation or punctilio, bastinado Rich. + Martin (afterwards Recorder of London) in the Common Hall of the Middle + Temple, while he was at dinner. For which act being forthwith [February, + 1597-8] expell'd, he retired for a time in private, lived in Oxon in the + condition of a sojourner, and follow'd his studies, tho' he wore a cloak. + However, among his serious thoughts, making reflections upon his own + condition, which sometimes was an affliction to him, he composed that + excellent philosophical and divine poem called <i>Nosce Teipsum</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is not a little singular that this very Richard Martin, whose + chastisement is thus recorded, had <!-- Page 83 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page83"></a>{83}</span>been on terms of strict + friendship with our "high-spirited" young lawyer. In 1596, Davies had + published his poem on dancing, entitled <i>Orchestra</i>, the title-page + of which is followed by a dedicatory sonnet "To his very friend, Ma. + Richard Martin." This sonnet is written in extravagant terms of + friendship and admiration; and as it is only to be found in the + <i>rare</i> first edition, and in the almost equally rare + <i>Bibliographical Catalogue of the Ellesmere Collection</i>, some of + your readers may not be displeased to see it on the present + occasion:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"TO HIS VERY FRIEND MA. RICH. MARTIN.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"To whom shall I this dauncing Poeme send,</p> + <p class="i1">This suddaine, rash, halfe-capreol of my wit?</p> + <p class="i1">To you, first mover and sole cause of it,</p> + <p>Mine-owne-selves better halve, my deerest frend.</p> + <p>O, would you yet my Muse some Honny lend</p> + <p class="i1">From your mellifluous tongue, whereon doth sit</p> + <p class="i1">Suada in majestie, that I may fit</p> + <p>These harsh beginnings with a sweeter end.</p> + <p class="i1">You know the modest sunne full fifteene times</p> + <p>Blushing did rise, and blushing did descend,</p> + <p class="i1">While I in making of these ill made rimes,</p> + <p>My golden bowers unthriftily did spend.</p> + <p class="i1">Yet, if in friendship you these numbers prayse,</p> + <p class="i1">I will mispend another fifteene dayes."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The cause of quarrel between the two young lawyers is not known, but + the "offence," whatever it was, was not slight. In the year 1622, when + Davies reprinted his poetical works, we find that his feelings of + resentment against his once "very friend" had not abated, for in place of + the dedicatory sonnet to Richard Martin, is substituted a sonnet + addressed to Prince Charles; and at the conclusion of the poem, he left a + <i>hiatus</i> after the one hundred and twenty-sixth stanza, on account + of the same quarrel.</p> + + <p>Sir John Davies's celebrated poem, <i>Nosce Teipsum</i> (mentioned by + Wood in the previous extract), is said to have gained the author the + favour of James I., even before he came to the crown. Wood gives the + precise period of its composition, and, I think, with every appearance of + truth, although it does not accord with the statement of modern + biographers, that it was written at twenty-five years of age. (See + Campbell's <i>Essay on Poetry</i>, &c., ed. 1848, p. 184.) The first + edition of this poem was printed in 4to. in the year 1599, and has for + its title the following:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Nosce Teipsum</i>. This Oracle expounded in Two Elegies. 1. Of + Humane Knowledge. 2. Of the Soule of Man, and the Immortalitie thereof. + London, Printed by Richard Field, for John Standish. 43 leaves."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As I am deeply interested in all that relates to the subject of this + note, I have compiled a list of editions of the above poem, which shows + its popularity for more than a century and a half:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. 1599. <i>London</i>, 4to. First edition.</p> + <p>2. 1602. <i>ib.</i> 4to. Second ed.</p> + <p>3. 1608. <i>ib.</i> 4to. Third ed.</p> + <p>4. 1619. <i>ib.</i> 8vo. Fourth ed.</p> + <p>5. 1622. <i>ib.</i> 8vo. The last edition printed during the Author's lifetime.</p> + <p>6. 1653. <i>ib.</i> 4to. Published by T. Jenner with curious plates, and prose paraphrase.</p> + <p>7. 1688. <i>ib.</i> folio. With prose dissertation.</p> + <p>8. 1697. <i>Dublin,</i> 8vo. With Life of the Author, by Nahum Tate.</p> + <p>9. 1714. <i>ib.</i> 12mo. Second edition by Tate.</p> + <p>10. 1733. <i>ib.</i> 8vo. With Essay by Dr. Sheridan.</p> + <p>11. 1749. <i>London,</i> 12mo.</p> + <p>12. 1759. <i>Glasgow,</i> 12mo. With Life of the Author.</p> + <p>13. 1760. <i>London,</i> 8vo. In Capel's <i>Prolusions.</i></p> + <p>14. 1773. <i>ib.</i> 12mo. In Davies's <i>Poetical Works</i>, edited by Thompson.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Sir John Davies left behind him a large number of MSS. upon various + subjects, none of which have since been printed. It would be very + desirable that a list, as far as can now be made out, should be put on + record. Anthony Wood says, several of Davies's MSS. were formerly in the + library of Sir James Ware of Ireland and since that in the possession of + Edward, Earl of Clarendon. The most interesting of these MSS. were a + Collection of Epigrams, and a Metaphrase of David's Psalms. The Harleian + MSS., Nos. 1578. and 4261., contain two law treatises of this learned + writer, and in Thorpe's <i>Catalogue</i> for 1823, I find <i>A Treatise + of Tenures touchinge his Majesties Prerogative Royal</i>, by John Davies, + folio, MS.</p> + + <p>Granger does not record any engraved portrait of this writer, and all + my enquiries have failed in discovering one. In Mr. Soame Jenyn's Hall, + at Botesham, in Cambridgeshire (in 1770), was a full-length portrait of + an elderly gentleman in a gown, with a book in one hand, on which is + written "<i>Nosce Teipsum</i>." If this is a genuine portrait of Sir John + Davies, it ought to be engraved to accompany a new edition of his + poetical works; a publication which the lovers of our old poetry would + deem an acceptable offering.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>A NOTE ON QUEEN ANN'S FARTHINGS.</h3> + + <p>The idea that a Queen Anne's farthing is a coin of the greatest + rarity, originated perhaps in the fact that there are several <i>pattern + pieces</i> executed by Croker, which are much valued by collectors, and + which consequently bring higher prices. One type only was in circulation, + and this appears to have been very limited, for it is somewhat scarce, + though a specimen may easily be procured of any dealer in coins for a few + shillings. This bears the bust of the <!-- Page 84 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page84"></a>{84}</span>Queen, with the legend + <span class="scac">ANNA DEI GRATIA</span>—reverse, <span + class="scac">BRITANNIA</span> around the trite figure of Britannia with + the spear and olive-branch: the date 1714 in the exergue. Those with + Peace in a car, Britannia standing with olive-branch and spear, or seated + under an arch, are patterns; the second has the legend <span + class="scac">BELLO ET PACE</span> in indented letters, a mode revived in + the reign of George III. It is said that many years ago a lady in the + north of England lost one of the farthings of Queen Anne, which she much + prized as the bequest of a deceased friend, and that having offered in + the public journals a large reward for its recovery, it was ever + afterwards supposed that any farthing of this monarch was of great + value.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Y. Akerman.</span> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Lammer Beads.</i>—Does any one know the meaning of "Lammer + beads?" They are almost always made of amber, and are considered as a + charm to keep away evil of every kind; their touch is believed to cure + many diseases, and they are still worn by many old people in Scotland + round the neck. The name cannot have anything to do with "Lammermuir," + as, although they are well known among the old people of Lammermuir, yet + they are equally so all over Scotland.</p> + + <p class="author">L. M. M. R. + + <p><i>On the Lingering of the Spirit.</i>—Perhaps you may think the + following story worthy of insertion in your paper.</p> + + <p>There is a common belief among the poor, that the spirit will linger + in the body of a child a long time when the parent refuses to part with + it. I said to Mrs. B., "Poor little H. lingered a long time; I thought, + when I saw him, that he must have died the same day, but he lingered + on!"</p> + + <p>"Yes," said Mrs. B., "it was a great shame of his mother. He wanted to + die, and she would not let him die: she couldn't part with him. There she + stood, fretting over him, and couldn't give him up; and so we said to + her, 'He'll never die till you give him up.' And then she gave him up; + and he died quite peaceably."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rich. B. Machell.</span> + + <p>Vicarage, Barrow-on-Humber, Jan. 13. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>May Cats</i> (Vol. iii., p. 20.).—In Hampshire, to this day, + we always kill May kittens.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cx.</span> + + <p><i>Mottos on Warming-Pans and Garters.</i>—It seems to have been + much the custom, about two centuries ago, to engrave more or less + elaborately the brass lids of warming-pans with different devices, such + as armorial bearings, &c., in the centre, and with an inscription or + a motto surrounding the device. A friend of the writer has in his + possession three such lids of warming-pans, one of which has engraven on + the centre a hart passant, and above his back a shield, bearing the arms + of Devereux, the whole surrounded by this inscription:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="scac">"THE . EARLE . OF . ESSEX . HIS . ARMES."</span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Another bears the arms of the commonwealth, (as seen on the coins of + the Protectorate,) encircled with an inscription, thus:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="scac">"ENGLANDS . STATS . ARMES."</span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The third bears a talbot passant, with the date above its back, 1646, + and the motto round:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="scac">"IN . GOD . IS . ALL . MY . TRUST."</span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It appears to me that the first two, at least, belonged to + <i>inns</i>, known by the respective signs indicated by the mottos, + &c.; the first probably in honour of the Lord-General of the + Parliament's army, who was the last Devereux bearing the title.</p> + + <p>That last described affords a curious illustration of a passage cited + in Ellis's <i>Brand</i> (ed. 1849, vol. i. p. 245.), from <i>The Welsh + Levite tossed in a Blanket</i>, 1691.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Our <i>garters</i>, bellows, and <i>warming-pans</i> wore godly + mottos," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In further illustration, I may mention that the owner of the + warming-pans has in his possession likewise a beautifully manufactured + long silk <i>garter</i>, of perhaps about the same date, in which are + woven the following words:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span class="scac">LOVE . NOT . THE . WORLD . IN . WHICH . THOU . MUST . NOT . STAY.</span></p> + <p><span class="scac">BUT . LOVE . THE . TREASURE . THAT . ABIDES . ALWAY.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">H. G. T. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>NOTES ON JESSE'S "LONDON AND ITS CELEBRITIES."</h3> + + <p>During my perusal of Mr. Jesse's pleasant volumes, I marked two or + three slips of the pen, which it may not be amiss to make a note of.</p> + + <p>In vol. i. pp. 403, 404, 405., there is a curious treble error + regarding Thomas Sutton, the munificent founder of the Charter House. He + is successively styled <i>Sir</i> Thomas, <i>Sir Richard</i>, and <i>Sir + Robert</i>. Sutton's Christian name was Thomas. He was never knighted. Of + the quaint leaden case which incloses his remains, and of its simple + inscription, an accurate drawing, with accompanying particulars, by your + able correspondent Mr. <span class="sc">E. B. Price</span>, was inserted + in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for January, 1843, p. 43. The inscription runs + thus: "1611. <span class="sc">Thomas Sutton, Esquiar</span>."</p> + + <p>Vol. ii. pp. 34, 35, 36. Mr. Jesse's ingenious suggestions relative to + the tradition of the burial of Oliver Cromwell in Red Lion Square, merit + the careful attention of all London antiquaries.</p> + + <p>Ib. p. 316.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There is no evidence of Clement's Inn having been a Court of Law + previous to 1486."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>For "a court of law," read "an inn of court." <!-- Page 85 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page85"></a>{85}</span></p> + + <p>Ib. p. 339. Erratum, line 9, in reference to Mrs. Garrick's reopening + of her house, for the first time after her husband's decease—for + "1701" read "1781," obviously a printer's error.</p> + + <p>Ib. p. 423.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Cranmer's successor in the see of Canterbury was Archbishop + Whitgift."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Whitgift was <i>Grindal's</i> successor, and Grindal was preceded by + Parker, who must be deemed Cranmer's successor. Cranmer perished in 1556. + Parker was made archbishop in 1559.</p> + + <p>Mr. Jesse will not be angry, I am sure, with the above notes, or need + any apology for an attempt to add to the value of his book.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Campkin.</span> + + <p>Reform Club, Jan. 10. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Verstegan.—A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in + Antiquities, concerning the most noble and renowned English Nation. By + the Study and Travel of Richard Verstegan.</i>—There is something + so sonorous and stately in the very sound of the title of Master Richard + Verstegan's etymological treatise, that any bibliographical notice of it, + I am sure, will find a corner in "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>." The following MS. note is on a fly-leaf of my copy, + <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1655:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The first edition was printed at Antwerp, in 1605. A full account of + this work is given in Oldys's <i>British Librarian</i>, pp. 299 312. It + concludes with suggestions for improving any future editions: namely, to + add those animadversions, in their proper places, which have been since + occasionally made on some mistakes in it; as those made by Mr. Sheringham + on his fancy of the <i>Vitæ</i> being the ancient inhabitants of the Isle + of Wight, &c. But more especially should be admitted the corrections + of the learned Mr. Somner, he having left large marginal notes upon + Verstegan's whole book, as we are informed by Bishop Kennett, the late + accurate author of his Life. This advice has never been acted upon."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To this is subjoined a notice of Verstegan's <i>Poems</i>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There is a thin 12mo. volume of <i>Poems</i> by Richard Verstegan, of + which only one perfect copy is known. Dr Farmer had it; then a Mr. Lloyd, + who disposed of it, when it sold for 22<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> Mr. Faber now + has it. Another copy, completed by MS., had belonged to T. Park, which + was sold at Sotheby's, March 11. 1821, for 1<i>l.</i> 19<i>s.</i>, and + bought by Triphook."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span> + + <p>Hoxton.</p> + + <p><i>George Herbert and the Church at Leighton Bromswold.—Little + Gidding.</i>—Some of your readers may not be aware that George + Herbert built the church of Leighton Bromswold, Hunts as well as that of + Bemerton. The church stands about three-quarters of a mile to the right + of the road from Huntingdon to Thrapston, and a view of it is given in + Zouch's 4to. edition of Isaac Walton's <i>Lives</i>; it is stated, in a + note, to be near Spalding, for which read <i>Spaldwick</i>. Herbert + desired the pulpit and reading-desk to be placed on opposite sides of the + church, and of the same height; to show that "preaching ought not to be + esteemed above praying, nor praying above preaching."</p> + + <p>Query, What is the state of the interior <i>now</i>, as to pews, + &c.?</p> + + <p>The nuns, if I may so call them, in the monastery at Little Gidding, + Hunts, employed themselves in covering or in ornamenting the covers of + books, in patterns, with silver and coloured-silk threads: a friend of + mine in Surrey has a small volume so ornamented by them.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. + + <p>Norwich, Jan. 20.</p> + + <p><i>Etymology of Kobold.</i>—At page 239. of Mr. Bohn's edition + of Keightley's <i>Fairy Mythology</i>, we find that Mr. K., after heading + a chapter with "Kobolds," says in a note:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This word is usually derived from the Greek <span title="kobalos" class="grk" + >κόβαλος</span>, a knave, + <i>but as this is only found in lexicographers</i>, it may in reality be + a Teutonic word in a Greek form."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Surely, Mr. Keightley has forgotten the following passages—</p> + + <p>1. Ar. Equites, 450. Dindf. [Conf. Ranæ, 1015.]</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="KLEÔN: kobalos ei." class="grk">ΚΛΕΩΝ: <b>κόβαλος</b> εἶ.</span></p> + <p class="i10"><span title="ALL. panourgos ei." class="grk">ΑΛΛ. πανοῦργος εἶ.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>2. Ejusdem fab., 635.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Bereschethoi te kai kobaloi kai Mothôn." class="grk">Βερέσχεθοί τε καὶ <b>κόβαλοι</b> καὶ Μόθων.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>3. Plutus, 279.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="hôs mothôn ei te kai phusei kobalos." class="grk">ὡς μόθων εἶ τε καὶ φύσει <b>κόβαλος</b>.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>4. Aristotle, <i>H. A.</i> 8. 12. 12. [Bekker Oxon.] says of a + bird,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="kobalos kai mimêtês." class="grk">κόβαλος καὶ μιμητής.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the 2nd passage Liddell and Scott call <span title="kobaloi" class="grk" + >κόβαλοι</span> + "<i>mischievous goblins</i>," which is exactly equivalent to + "kobolds."</p> + + <p>The word is also used adjectively for "knavish tricks," + "rogueries."</p> + + <p>See <i>Equites</i>, 419.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Kai, nê Di', alla g' esti mou kobala paidos ontos." class="grk">Καὶ, νὴ Δι', ἄλλα γ' ἐστί μου κόβαλα παιδὸς ὄντος.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Ranæ, 104:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="'hê mên kobala g' estin, hôs kai soi dokei." class="grk">"ἧ μὴν κόβαλα γ' ἐστὶν, ὡς καὶ σοὶ δοκεῖ.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <i>Equites</i>, 332. we find <span title="kobalikeumata" class="grk" + >κοβαλικέυματα</span>, + "the tricks of a <span title="kobalos" class="grk" + >κόβαλος</span>."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. J. F. Gantillon.</span> + + <p><i>Judas Cup</i> (Vol. ii., p. 298.).—In the <i>Ancient + Monuments, Rites, and Customs of Durham</i>, published by the Surtees + Society, we have the following account of "Judas Cup" in the refectory, + which is described as—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A goodly great mazer, called Judas Cup, edged about <!-- Page 86 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page86"></a>{86}</span>with silver and + double gilt, with a foot underneath it to stand on, of silver and double + gilt, which was never used but on Maunday Thursday at night in the Frater + House, where the prior and the whole convent did meet and keep their + Maunday." (p. 68.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I send this with reference to the mention of the "Judas Bell" and + "Judas Candle" in your 2nd Volume, p. 298.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Echo.</span> + + <p><i>Essheholt Priory.</i>—Esholt Hall (now in the possession of + W. R. C. Stansfield, Esq.) is the same as the ancient priory of + Essheholt, which was under the abbot of Kirkstall.</p> + + <p>This priory fell, of course, with the smaller houses, and was valued + at 19<i>l.</i> 0<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> Essheholt remained in the crown till + the first year of Edward VI., nine years after the dissolution, when it + was granted to Henry Thompson, Gent., one of the king's gens-d'armes at + Boulogne. In this family the priory of Esholt remained somewhat more than + a century, when it was transferred to the neighbouring and more + distinguished house of Calverley by the marriage of Frances, daughter and + heiress of H. Thompson, Esq., with Sir Walter Calverley. His son, Sir + Walter Calverley, Bart., built, on the site of the old priory, the house + which now stands.</p> + + <p>Over a door of one of the out-buildings is an inscription in ancient + letters, from which may be traced—"Aleisbet. Pudaci, + p——," with a bird sitting on the last letter p. (Elizabeth + Pudsay, prioress).</p> + + <p>The builder of the present house died in 1749; and, in 1755, his son + of the same name sold the manor-house and furniture to Robert Stansfield, + Esq., of Bradford; from whom the present owner is descended.<a + name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Chas. W. Markham.</span> + + <p>Jan. 10. 1851.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>Thoresby's <i>History of Leeds</i>.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Crossing Rivers on Skins</i> (Vol. iii., p. 3.).—Mr. C. M. + G., a near relative of mine, who lately returned from naval service on + the Indus, told me, last year, that he had often seen there naked natives + employed in fishing. The man, with his fishing-tackle, launches himself + on the water, sustained by a large hollow earthen vessel having a round + protuberant opening on one side. To this opening the fisherman applies + his abdomen, so as to close the vessel against the influx of water; and + clinging to this air-filled buoy, floats about quite unconcernedly, and + plies his fishing-tackle with great success. The analogy between this + Oriental buoy and the inflated skins mentioned by Layard and by your + correspondent <span class="sc">Janus Dousa</span>, is sufficiently + remarkable to deserve a note.</p> + + <p class="author">G. F. G. + + <p>Edinburgh.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> Vol. ii., p. 493.)</p> + + <p>(31.) P. H. F. (Vol. iii., pp. 24, 25.) has described a 12mo., or + rather an 8vo., copy of Latin Psalter in his possession, and he wishes to + know whether Montanus had any connexion with one of the translations + therein exhibited. The title-page of your correspondent's volume will + tell him precisely what the book contains. He had better not rely too + much upon MS. remarks in any of his treasures; and when a bibliographical + question is being investigated, let <i>Cyclopædias</i> by all means not + be disturbed from their shelves. Would it not be truly marvellous if a + volume, printed by Robert Stephens in 1556, could in that year have + presented, by prolepsis, to its precocious owner a version which Bened. + Arias Montanus did not execute until 1571? But P. H. F.'s communication + excites another query. He appears to set a special value upon his Psalter + because that the verses are in it distinguished by cyphers; but Pagnini's + whole Bible, which I spoke of, came thirty years before it, and we have + still to go nearly twenty years farther back in search of the earliest + example of the employment of Arabic figures to mark the verses in the + Book of Psalms. The <i>Quincuplex Psalterium</i>, by Jacques le Fevre, is + a most beautiful book, perhaps the finest production of the press of + Henry Stephens the elder; and not only are the verses numbered in the + copy before me, which is of the improved "secunda emissio" in 1513, but + the initial letters of them are in red. At signature <span + class="scac">A</span> iiij. there is a very handsome woodcut of the + letter <span class="scac">A.</span>, somewhat of a different style, from + the larger (not the Ascensian) <span class="scac">P.</span>, within the + periphery of which St. Paul is represented, and which is so well worthy + of notice in Le Fevre's edition of the <i>Epistole diui Pauli + Apostoli</i>, Paris, 1517. The inquiry toward which I have been + travelling is this, When did Henry Stephens first make use of the open + Ratdoltian letter on dotted ground? (See Maitland's <i>Lambeth List</i>, + p. 328. Dibdin's <i>Typog. Antiq.</i> vol. i., Prel. Disquis., p. + xl.)</p> + + <p>(32.) Is there extant any collation of the various exemplars of the + <i>Alphabetum divini Amoris</i>? And has an incontrovertible opinion been + formed as to the paternity of this tract? For the common error of + ascribing it to Gerson is entirely inexcusable, as this Parisian + chancellor is frequently alleged therein. The third volume of his works, + set forth by Du Pin, in 1706, contains this "Treatise of the Elevation of + the Soul to God," and the editor has left the blunder uncorrected in his + <i>Eccles. Hist.</i> iii. 53. Again, can it be affirmed that the folio + impression of Louvain, (Panzer, ix. 243.), in which Gerson's name occurs, + was assuredly anterior to the small black-letter and <!-- Page 87 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page87"></a>{87}</span>anonymous + editions, likewise without dates? Two of the latter (one much older than + the other) are of 12mo. size, in 8vo., as is also Bonaventura's + <i>Stimulus divini Amoris</i>, printed in 1510 and 1517.</p> + + <p>(33.) In what way can we detect the propounder of the <i>Notabilis + expositio super canonem misse</i>? His work is of small folio size + without mention of place or year; but it certainly proceeded from + Nuremberg, and was it not one of the <i>primitiæ</i> of Creusner?</p> + + <p>(34.) Who is designated by the letters "G. N. N. D.," which are put at + the head of the Epistle to Zuinglius, <i>De Magistris nostris + Lovaniensibus, quot et quales sint</i>? And why has the <i>Vita S. + Nicolai, sive Stultitiæ Exemplar</i>, originally attached to this + performance, been omitted by Dr. Münch in his edition of the <i>Epistolæ + obscurorum Vivorum, aliaque ævi decimi sexti Monimenta rarissima</i>, + Leipzig, 1827? If he had reprinted this very desirable appendix, it would + have furnished him with the date "Anno <span + class="scac">M.D.XX.</span>," which would have prevented him from + assigning this satirical composition to the year "1521." (Einl. p. + 408.)</p> + + <p>(35.) A student can scarcely be considered moderately well versed in + ancient ecclesiastical documents who has neither read nor heard of the + <i>Somnium Viridarii</i>; and we may wonder at, and pity, the learned + Goldast, for having fallen into the extravagant mistake of attributing + this Latin translation of the celebrated Dialogue, <i>Le Songe du + Verger</i>, to "Philotheus Achillinus, Consiliarius Regius." (<i>Monarch. + S. Rom. Imper</i>. i. 58. Hanov. 1612.) The question arises, How was he + misled? Was it not through a strange misconception of a sentence in the + <i>Silva Nuptialis</i> of Nevizan, to which he refers in his preliminary + "Dissertatio de Auctoribus?" This writer, who has been plentifully + purified by the Roman <i>Index</i>, had cited the preface of an Italian + poem, "Il Viridario," composed by his contemporary, Giovanni <span + class="sc">Filoteo Achillini</span>; and is it thus that an author of the + sixteenth century has got credit for an anonymous achievement of the + fourteenth age? Goldastus has hardly been out-Heroded by those who have + devised an individual named <i>Viridarius</i>, or "Le Sieur <i>du + Vergier</i>." (See Baillet, <i>Déguisemens des Auteurs</i>, p. 479., and + M. De la Monnoye's note, pp. 501-2.)</p> + + <p>(36.) Is there not a transpositional misprint in the colophon of the + old German <i>Life of S. Dorothea</i>, the so-called patroness of + Prussia? For it would seem to be inevitable that we should endeavour to + elicit 1492, and not 1512, from the following date: "Den Dingstag nach + Gregory als man tzelete, <span class="scac">M.CCCC.</span> unde cxii." + (Vid. Lilienthal, <i>Histor. B. Doroth</i>. p. 6. Dantisc., 1744.)</p> + + <p>(37.):—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Original Manuscript of both volumes of this History will be + deposited in the Cotton Library, by</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">T. Burnett.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Has this declaration been inserted, in the handwriting of Thomas + Burnet, on the reverse of the title-page of the second volume, in all + large-paper copies (and is it strictly limited to them?) of Bishop + Burnet's <i>History of his own Time</i>, Lond., 1734? Compare the printed + "Advertisement to the Reader" in the first volume, published in 1724.</p> + + <p>(38.) Mr. T. R. Hampson, the author of <i>Medii Ævi Kalendarium</i>, + which has, I believe, been commended in "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," informs us, in a precious production which he has lately + issued on the <i>Religious Deceptions of the Church of Rome</i>, p. 30., + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Dr. Geddes, himself a learned Romanist, has selected many [remarkable + errors] in his tract, <i>A Discovery of some Gross Mistakes in the Roman + Martyrology</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Only fancy a Romanist, learned or unlearned, having the effrontery to + bestow so outrageous an appellation upon such an exploit. Does not the + second volume of <i>Miscellaneous Tracts</i>, in which the said treatise + may be seen, explicitly admonish us to remember that Michael Geddes, + LL.D., was erst a chancellor of the Church of Sarum? "Quid Romæ faciam?" + he upbraidingly asks in one of his title-pages, "mentiri nescio."</p> + + <p class="author">R. G. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Bishops' Lands</i>.—In the month of September, 1642, the + Parliament appointed a committee for the sale of Bishops' lands; and an + account of some sold between 1647 and 1651, will be found in vol. i. of + the <i>Collectanea Topographica</i>, 8vo., 1834. On the Restoration, a + committee sat to inquire into these sales and make satisfaction. Bishop + Kennet refers to a MS. containing the orders of the commissioners, but + does not state where the MS. was deposited; nor has Sir Frederic Madden, + who communicated that article to the <i>Collectanea</i>, met with it + anywhere.</p> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents give any information upon the subject, + or say where may be found any accounts of the sales of the lands under + the parliamentary orders, or of the proceedings of the commissioners + appointed to make restitution upon the king's restoration?</p> + + <p class="author">G. + + <p><i>The Barons of Hugh Lupus</i>.—It appears by the charter + foundation to the abbey of St. Werburge at Chester, that several very + eminent persons held the rank of Baron, under Hugh Lupus, Earl of + Chester. The charter is signed by the earl himself and by the following + barons: Richard, son of Hugh Lupus; Hervey, Bishop of Bangor; Ranulph de + Meschines, nephew of the earl; Roger Bigod, Alan de Perci, William + Constabular, Ranulph Dapifer, William Malbanc, Robert Fitz-Hugh, Hugh + Fitz-Norman, Hamo de Masci, and Bigod de Loges. <!-- Page 88 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page88"></a>{88}</span></p> + + <p>Can any of your readers inform us what befel the families and + descendants of William Malbanc, and Bigod de Loges? The descendants of + the rest are too well authenticated to need inquiry.</p> + + <p class="author">P. + + <p><i>Can the Queen make a Gentleman?</i>—The following is from the + Patent Rolls (13 Ric. II. pars. 1. m. 37. Prynne's <i>Fourth + Institutes</i>, p. 68.):—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Le Roy a tous ceux as queux cestes Lettres viendrount. Sachez qe come + un Chivalier Fraunceys, a ceo qe nous Soums enformez, ad chalenge un + nostre Liege, Johan de Kyngeston, a faire certeinez faitz et pointz + darmes oveske le dit Chivalier. Nous a fyn qe le dit nostre liege soit le + multz honerablement resceuz a faire puisse et perfourmir les ditz faitz + et pointz d'armes <i>luy avons resceux en lestat de Gentile homme, et luy + fait Esquier</i>. Et volons, qil soit conuz par armes, et porte desore + enavant, Cestassavoir d'argent ove une, chapewe Dazure ovesque une plume + Dostrich de goules. Et ceo a tous yeaux as queux y appertient nous + notifions pu ycelles. En tesmoignance de quelle chose nous avons fait + faire cestes noz lettres patentes. Done souz nostre grant Seal a nostre + Paleys de Westm. le primer jour de Juyll.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Par brief de Prive Seal."</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">H. <span class="sc">Witham</span>. + + <p><i>Plafery</i>.—In Carew's masque of <i>Cœlum + Britannicum</i>, acted before the court at Whitehall, the 18th of + February, 1633; Momus, arriving from Olympus immediately after Mercury, + says to him—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The hosts upon the highway cry out with open mouth upon you, for + supporting <i>plafery</i> in your train; which, though, as you are the + god of petty larceny, you might protect, yet you know it is directly + <i>against the new orders</i>, and oppose the reformation in + diameter."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What is <i>plafery</i>? It is evident that the joking allusion to it + was rather bold, for Mercury exclaims,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Peace, railer, bridle your licentious tongue,</p> + <p>And let this presence teach you modesty."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">B. R. I. + + <p><i>St. John's Bridge Fair.</i>—In what county in England was St. + John's Bridge Fair held in the year 1614, and in what town in the + county?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Josephus</span>. + + <p><i>Queries on Costume.</i>—In Wilson's <i>Life of De Foe</i> + there is an anecdote of Charles II. concealing himself, when a fugitive + from Worcester, beneath a lady's hoop, while his pursuers searched the + house in which he had taken refuge. Were hoops worn so early as the year + 1651? In the <i>Book of Costume</i> I find no mention of them before the + beginning of the eighteenth century; but I do not think this circumstance + conclusive, as the "Lady of Rank" is not always very accurate.</p> + + <p>Writing in the reign of Anne, she says, "Fans were now very much + used," but omits to mention that they were in fashion long before, having + been indispensable to Catherine of Braganza and her ladies at home and + abroad, in the church and the theatre.</p> + + <p>"Long gloves," says the Lady of Rank, "began to be worn by the ladies + in this reign." (Queen Anne's).</p> + + <p>"Twelve dozen Martial,<a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> whole and half," says + Evelyn:—were not <i>whole</i> Martial gloves, long?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wedsecnarf</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>"<i>Martial.</i>—The name of a famous French perfumer, emulating + the Frangipani of Rome."—<i>Miscellaneous Writings of John + Evelyn</i>, pp. 705. 711. 4to. edit. 1825.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Cum Grano Salis.</i>—Sometime ago I asked from what figure is + borrowed the expression of "Cum grano salis," and have had no reply. I + can't find it in Erasmus. Once a very clever Cambridge man said that it + meant "the thing must be swallowed with a little Attic salt to make it go + down pleasantly." I don't think that he was right.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. + + <p><i>Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, Lucretia.</i>—I should be very + glad to learn whether the great Earl of Clarendon had a daughter named + Lucretia. A friend of mine is descended from Dr. Marsh, archbishop of + Armagh, who (it is said) married Lucretia, daughter of the Earl of + Clarendon, and was the father of Lucretia, wife of Dr. McNeil, Dean of + Down and Connor.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wedsecnarf</span>. + + <p><i>Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny.</i>—Can any of your + correspondents give any information respecting a portrait, by Vandyke, of + George Lord Aubigny, brother to the Duke of Richmond and Lennox? There is + no doubt that such a picture once existed.</p> + + <p class="author">L. + + <p><i>Foundation Stone of St. Mark's, Venice.</i>—In vol. xxvi. of + the <i>Archæologia</i> is a paper by the late Mr. Douce, "On the + foundation stone of the original church of St. Mark, at Venice," &c., + accompanied by an engraving of the mutilated object itself, which also + appears to have been submitted to the inspection of the Society of + Antiquaries at the time the paper was read. The essay contains, in + reality, very little information relating to the stone, and that little + is of no very satisfactory kind; and I have never been able to divest + myself of the idea that it bears somewhat the semblance of a hoax. Were I + inclined to discuss the points which have suggested this notion, the + necessity there is for brevity in corresponding with the Editor of "<span + class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" would preclude my doing it; but I + must quote the following passage, which comes immediately after the + statement that the original church, in the foundation of which this stone + was deposited, was destroyed in 976.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is very possible that, in clearing away the rubbish of the old + church, the original foundation stone was discovered, and, in some way or + other, at present not traceable, preserved."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 89 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page89"></a>{89}</span></p> + + <p>If the fact is so, this stone, "of a circular form, the diameter six + inches and a quarter, its thickness half an inch," must have been loose + in the world for 858 years from its exhumation to 1834, when Mr. Douce's + essay was read, and during that time has lost only the least important + part of its inscription and ornaments.</p> + + <p>Can any one say where this stone now is? When and where Mr. Douce + obtained it? And, I must add, what history was attached to it when in his + possession? for he was not a person likely to possess such an object + without, at least, endeavouring to trace its history. On these points the + essay contains not a word.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. R. + + <p><i>Coins of Richard Cromwell</i>.—Will any of your numismatical + readers inform me whether there are any coins or medals known of Richard + Cromwell, either during his chancellorship of Oxford, or his short + protectorate of these realms?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blower</span>. + + <p><i>Cataracts of the Nile</i>.—Seneca (<i>Nat. Quæst.</i> iv. 2.) + tells a story of the natives suffering themselves to be carried down in + sport, which Rollin says is confirmed by modern travellers; but can this + be so? Can any one give the names of any of these travellers, and supply + the blank thus left by the historian?</p> + + <p class="author">S. G. + + <p><i>Paternoster Tackling.—Dancing Trenchmore.</i>—What is + the origin and meaning of this term? also of the phrase "Dancing + Trenchmore?"</p> + + <p class="author">S. G. + + <p><i>Hymns</i>.—Will some of your correspondents favour me with a + copy of "Queen Mary's Lament," a translation of which appeared in Coxe's + delightful <i>Christian Ballads</i>. Also Adam of St. Victor's "exquisite + poem" on the Cross, referred to by Mr. Trench in his <i>Sacred Latin + Poetry</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jarltzberg</span>. + + <p><i>Camden and Curwen Families.</i>—Camden, in his + <i>Britannia</i>, art. "Cumberland," mentions his descent, by the + mother's side, from the Curwens of Workington. Should any of your + numerous correspondents be able to trace their descent, he would much + oblige a member of that family.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. + + <p><i>Jartuare.</i>—Can any of your readers oblige me with any + account of a printed book called <i>Jartuare?</i> Its date would be early + in the sixteenth century, if not earlier.</p> + + <p class="author">W.(1.) + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>JOHN BUNYAN AND HIS PORTRAIT.—DID BUNYAN +KNOW HOBBES?</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., pp. 476. 518.; Vol. iii., p. 70.)</p> + + <p>The best portrait of John Bunyan was drawn and engraved by White, to + the <i>Holy War</i>, 1682. The original drawing, and a fine impression of + the engraving, is preserved in the illustrated Grainger's <i>History of + England</i>, in the print-room at the British Museum. It was copied in + folio for Bunyan's <i>Works</i>. It has been recently copied for Mr. + Bogue's elegant edition of the <i>Pilgrim</i>, and for the first complete + edition of Bunyan's <i>Works</i>, now publishing by Messrs. Blackie and + Sons, Glasgow. A fac-simile was engraved for an edition of the + <i>Pilgrim</i>, by Mr. Pickering, 8vo. 1849.</p> + + <p>That the great allegorist was not the author of <i>Heart's Ease</i> in + <i>Heart Trouble</i> is perfectly clear, not only that the style is very + different, but from the author being known. It was first published in + 1690, under the initials of J. B., and the Epistle is dated "From the + house of my pilgrimage, March, 1690." Bunyan died in August, 1688. Mr. + Palmer, in his <i>Calamy</i>, vol. ii. p.16., states that the author was + James Birdwood.</p> + + <p>Whether Bunyan was acquainted with Hobbes depends upon the authority + of a small volume of <i>Visions of Heaven and Hell</i>, published under + the name of Bunyan. In this it is represented that he saw poor Hobbes in + hell, and recognised an old acquaintance.</p> + + <p>The earliest edition of <i>The Visions</i> which I have been able to + discover, is at "London: printed for Edward Midwinter, at the Looking + Glass upon London Bridge, price, bound, one shilling;" without date. It + was printed early in the reign of George I.; this is seen in an + advertisement of books at the end, among which is <i>The Lives of the + Monarchs of England to his present Majesty King George</i>. It is + entitled, <i>The Visions of John Bunyan, being his last remains</i>. + There is no account of either of this, or the <i>Heart's Ease</i>, in + <i>The Struggler for the Preservation of Mr. John Bunyan's Labours</i>. + This gives a list of forty-three works published by him, and of seventeen + left by him at his decease for publication. If <i>The Visions</i> were + written by him, it must have escaped the search of his widow and + surviving friends; but the style at once proves that it was not a + production of his prolific pen. Bunyan's style was remarkably simple and + plain. The following phrases extracted from <i>The Visions</i> will carry + conviction to every reader:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mormo's of a future state," "metempsychosis of nature," "nefandous + villanies," "diurnal and annual," "my visive faculty," "soul-transparent + and diaphonous," "translucid ray," "terrene enjoyments," "our minds are + clarified," "types both of the ante and post-diluvian world," "the + tenuity thereof," "the aereal heavens," "effluxes of divine glory," "all + ænigmas," "corruscations of his divine nature," "Solomon's mystick + epithalamium," "the epiphonema," "propinquity in nature," "diversified + refractions," "too bright and too diaphonous," "sweet odes and + eniphalamics," "amarantine crown," "bright corruscancy," "palinodies and + elegies," "no cataplasm," "eccentricks quite exterminate," "mutual + assassinates," &c. &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Such phrases and terms plain John Bunyan utterly despised. They prove, + as does the whole plan of the treatise, that it must have been a very + different man to the author of the <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i> who wrote + these <i>Visions</i>.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 90 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page90"></a>{90}</span></p> + + <p>It is not likely that Hobbes and Bunyan were acquainted; they lived in + distant parts of the country. Bunyan's <i>Pilgrim</i>, which was the + foundation of his wide-spread fame, was not published till 1678, when the + Leviathan philosopher was ninety years of age; he died in 1679. Hobbes' + company were the learned and illustrious among men,—the Des + Carteses, Gassendis, and Wallises of his age; while Bunyan associated + with the despised Nonconformists. Nor is is likely that Bunyan read the + <i>Leviathan</i>; Dent's <i>Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven, The Practice + of Piety</i>, Fox's <i>Martyrs</i>, and, above all, his Bible, + constituted his library during his imprisonment for conscience-sake, + which lasted from 1660 to 1672. Had he suffered from Hobbes's philosophy, + he would have proclaimed it upon the house-tops, especially in his + <i>Grace Abounding</i>, that others might have been guarded from such + dangerous scepticism. The <i>Vision</i> of Hobbes was doubtless intended + to render the forgery more popular.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">George Offor</span>. + + <p>Hackney, Jan. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>THE MOTHER CHURCH OF THE SAXONS.</h3> + + <p>In "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" (Vol. ii., p. 478.) + <span class="sc">Sir Henry Ellis</span> observes, that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Although St. Martin's, Canterbury, is commonly called the mother + church of England on account of its having been the first used here by + Augustine, tradition represents, that when this missionary arrived in + Kent, he found an ancient church on the site of what is now called St. + Martin's."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><span class="sc">Sir H. Ellis</span> adds, that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A charter of King Canute's styles Saviour's church, Canterbury, the + mother and mistress of all churches in the kingdom of + England."-<i>Æcclesia Salvatoris</i>, &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I conceive these accounts to be perfectly reconcilable. From Bede's + <i>Ecclesiastical History</i> (b. i., caps. 25, 26.), we learn that, on + the east side of Canterbury, in the year 597, there was a church + dedicated to the honour of St. Martin, that was "built while the Romans + were still in the island," some two hundred years before this date. St. + Martin's was the church wherein Bertha, Queen of Kent, used to pray; she + having been a Christian of the Royal Family of the Franks.</p> + + <p>It will, of course, be allowed that during the sixth, seventh, and + eighth centuries, different saints were held in especial honour in + different countries. For instance, not long after the arrival of the + Roman missionaries in England, various churches and monasteries,—at + Canterbury, Lindisfarne, Bamborough, Lichfield, Weremouth, and Jarrow, + and the capital city of the Picts,—were wholly or partially named + after St. Peter. When Naitan, King of the Picts, was about to build his + church, he sought the assistance of the Abbot of Weremouth, a strong + supporter of Roman observances, and "promised to dedicate the same in + honour of St. Peter," and to follow the custom of the Roman church, in + certain matters, which the subjects of his kingdom had protested against, + for more than a hundred years.</p> + + <p>Now, on the occasion of Queen Bertha's leaving France, she was + accompanied to England by a bishop of her native country, named Luidhard; + and when it is remembered that they settled in Kent, amongst heathens of + great superstition,—an example of which is recorded on the part of + her own husband,—it is natural to suppose they would, in some + public manner, seek the especial protection of the popular saint of + France; and that saint was Martin. For so profound was the popular + veneration which the Franks at one period offered to the power of Saint + Martin, that they even computed ordinary occurrences and national events, + by an era which commenced with the year of his death.<a + name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> + + <p>It is therefore very probable that the public act of reverence just + alluded to, consisted in a new dedication of the repaired church, by + adding to the ancient name that of St. Martin.</p> + + <p>That a practice of altering the names of sacred edifices in this + manner was common at the date under consideration, cannot be questioned. + For example, Bishop Aidan, about the year 652, built a church in the + island of Lindisfarne, the name of which is now unknown. This structure, + however, having been destroyed by a fire, his successor, Finan, erected + another on the same site, and apparently of the same name. But when a + second fire destroyed this church also, in some five and twenty or thirty + years, "a larger church" was erected on the old site, and gratefully + "dedicated in honour of St. Peter," by Theodore of Roman appointment, + "the first archbishop whom all the English church obeyed." (<i>Bede</i>, + iii. 17. and 25., and iv. 2.) Here, then, a new name was given to a + church on the site of a former one of different appellation; and in + Lichfield, we have two examples of similar alterations in the names of + churches; one St. Chad's Church, Stow, and the other, the cathedral. On + the site of the former, according to Bede, Bishop Chad built a St. Mary's + Church, hard by which he was buried; "but afterwards, when the church of + the most holy prince of the apostles, Peter, was built, his bones were + translated into it." (<i>Ecc. History</i>, iv. 3.) That is to say, when + Chad was canonised, his remains were removed to the site of the present + cathedral, as relics over which the principal church of the Mercian + kingdom was to be erected.</p> + + <p>Throughout the various documents relating to this church, which are + preserved in Dugdale's <i>Monasticon</i>, vol. iii. pp. 219-255, Savoy + edition, <!-- Page 91 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page91"></a>{91}</span>the cathedral is generally styled the church + of St. Mary and St. Chad. And again, on a recently discovered seal of the + dean and chapter, engraved some two hundred years after Stephen's reign, + the inscription is this:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span class="scac">S' DECANI ET CAPL'I ECCLE'IE SCE MARIE ET SCI + CEDDE LYCHFELD' AD CAS</span>."<a name="footnotetag4" + href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>But in a grant from King Stephen to Bishop Roger de Clinton, who + commenced the present fabric, it is simply styled <i>ecclesia Sancti + Ceddæ de Lichfield</i>; and in the year 1341 a document was addressed + <i>Decano et Capitulo ecclesiæ Sancti Ceddæ Lych'</i>, as may be learned + from the <i>Fœdera</i>, vol. ii. p. 2.</p> + + <p>We thus perceive, that the original name of Lichfield Cathedral has + been dropped for centuries, and so has that of the church which Bishop + Chad built in honour of the Virgin Mary at Stow; for this Church has, for + a long time, been known only by the name of Stow Church, or by that of + St. Chad's, Stow.</p> + + <p>And in this manner, I fancy, may be reconciled the different names of + Saviour's, or St. Saviour's, Canterbury, and St. Martin's, Canterbury; + both alluding to the same church, <span class="scac">THE MOTHER + CHURCH</span> of <i>Saxon</i> England.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Rawson, M.D.</span> + + <p>Lichfield.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>See Brady's <i>Clavis Calendaria</i>, November 12.</p> + + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>See the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for August 1848; in which an + accurate representation of this seal is given.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>The Frozen Horn</i> (Vol. ii., p. 262.; Vol. iii., p. + 25.).—In an old edition of <i>Hudibras</i> now before me, I find + the following note on the lines quoted by J. M. G.:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Some report that in Nova Zembla and Greenland men's words are wont to + be frozen in the air, and at the thaw may be heard."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The application of the idea by Charles Dickens, in his <i>Old + Curiosity Shop</i>, is also, I think, extremely felicitous.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"'Don't be frightened, mistress,' said Quilp, after a pause. 'Your son + knows me: I don't eat babies; I don't like 'em. It will be as well to + stop that young screamer though, in case I should be tempted to do him a + mischief. Holloa, Sir! will you be quiet?' <i>Little Jacob stemmed the + course of two tears which he was squeezing out of his eyes, and instantly + subsided into a silent horror.... The moment their</i> [Quilp and + Swiveller] <i>backs were turned, little Jacob thawed, and resumed his + crying from the point where Quilp had frozen him.</i>"—Vol. i. pp. + 207-9.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Colman</span>. + + <p><i>To Pose.</i>—In Vol. ii., p. 522., your correspondent F. R. + A. points out some passages in which the word "posing" appears to be used + in a sense equivalent to "parsing." Neither the etymology nor the exact + meaning of the word "to pose," are easy to determine. It seems to be + abbreviated from the old verb "to appose;" which meant, to set a task, to + subject to an examination or interrogatory; and hence to perplex, to + embarrass, to puzzle. The latter is the common meaning of the word <i>to + pose</i>; thus in Crabbe's <i>Parish Register</i>:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Then by what name th' unwelcome guest to call,</p> + <p>Was long a question, and <i>it posed them all</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Hence, too, the common expression, that a question which it is + difficult to answer, or an argument which seems to decide the + controversy, is a <i>poser</i>. The word "posing" in the passages cited + by F. R. A. may refer to the examination of the pupil by the teacher of + grammar. Thus, Fuller, in his <i>Worthies</i>, art. Norfolk, says + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The University appointed Dr. Cranmer, afterwards Archbishop of + Canterbury, to be the <i>poser-general</i> of all candidates in + divinity."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Roquefort, <i>Gloss. de la Langue Romaine</i>, has "apponer, + appliquer, poser, plaier." See Richardson in <i>appose</i> and + <i>pose</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">L. + + <p><i>Culprits torn by Horses</i> (Vol. ii., p. 480.).—In reply to + <span class="sc">Mr. Jackson's</span> question respecting culprits torn + by horses, I beg to inform him that Robert François Damiens was the last + criminal thus executed in France. He suffered on the 28th March, 1757, + for an attempt on the life of Louis XV. The awful penalty of the law was + carried out in complete conformity with the savage precedents of former + centuries. Not one of the preparatory barbarities of question, ordinary + and extraordinary, or of the accompanying atrocities of red-hot pincers, + melted lead, and boiling oil, was omitted. The agony of the wretched man + lasted for an hour and a half, and was witnessed, as Mercier informs us, + by all the best company in Paris.</p> + + <p>The men amused their leisure with cards, while waiting, as he says, + for the boiling oil; and the women were the last to turn their eyes from + the hideous spectacle. Your correspondent may be glad to be informed that + the same punishment was inflicted on Poltrot de Méré for the murder of + the Duke of Guise, in 1563; on Salcède, in 1582, for conspiring against + the Duke of Alençon; on Brilland, in 1588, for poisoning the Prince de + Condé; on Bourgoing, Prior of the Jacobins, as an accessory to the crime + of Jaques Clément, in 1590; and on Ravaillac, for the murder of Henry IV. + in 1610. These, with the case of Jean Chastel, are all of which I am + aware. If any of your readers can add to the list, I shall feel + obliged.</p> + + <p>As I am upon the subject of judicial horrors, I would ask, whether any + of your correspondents can supply me with a reference to the case of a + <!-- Page 92 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page92"></a>{92}</span>woman executed, I think in Paris, and, if my + recollection serves, for a systematic series of infanticides.</p> + + <p>She was put to death by being suspended over a fire in an iron cage, + in which a number of wild cats were shut up with her.</p> + + <p>I read the story many years ago, and for some time have been vainly + endeavouring to recover it.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. + + <p><i>Torn by Horses</i> (Vol. ii., p. 522.).—This cruel mode of + execution was practised both in antiquity and the middle ages. Livy, + speaking of Tullus Hostilius, says:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Exinde, duabus admotis quadrigis, in currus earum distentum illigat + Mettum; deinde in diversum iter equi concitati, lacerum in utroque curru + corpus, qua inhæserant vinculis membra, portantes. Avertere omnes a tantâ + fœdidate spectaculi oculos."—L. i., c. 28.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Livy adds, that this was the first and last example of so savage a + punishment among the Romans. The punishment, however, must have been + well-known in antiquity, as it is alluded to by Seneca among the tortures + which accompanied death.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Cogita hoc loco carcerem, et cruces, et equleos, et uncum; et adactum + per medium hominem, qui per os emergat, stipitem; <i>et distracta in + diversum actis curribus membra</i>."—Epist. xiv. 4.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Grimm (<i>Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer</i>, p. 692.) quotes the + following instance of this punishment from Gregory of Tours, <i>Hist. + France</i>, iii. 7.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Puellas crudelinece interfecerunt ita ut ligatis brachiis super + equorum cervicibus, ipsique acerrimo moti stimulo per diversa petentes + diversas in partes feminas diviserunt"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>He adds that it occurs frequently in the legends of the Carolingian + period. Thus Turpin, c. 26., describes as follows the punishment of the + traitor Gannalon:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Jussit illum Carolus quatuor equis ferocissimis totius exercitus + alligari, et super eos quatuor sessores agitantes contra quatuor plagas + cœli, et sic dignâ morte discerptus interiit."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Almost all cruel punishments have been used in the East, and it is not + improbable that execution by means of horses may be mentioned in some + oriental narrative.</p> + + <p class="author">L. + + <p><i>The Conquest</i> (Vol. ii., p. 440.).—In <i>Cambria + Triumphans</i>, by Percy Enderbie, at p. 283, will be found a copy of a + deed, the conclusion of which runs thus:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sigilla nostra apposuimus in Castro nostro de Burgavenny vicessimo + secundo die Julii, anno regni Regis Henrici sexti, post <i>Conquestum</i> + vicessimo septimo."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The word is here used for the accession of the King.</p> + + <p class="author">S. K. + + <p><i>Mayors—their correct Prefix</i> (Vol. i., p. + 380.).—Since propounding my Query in Vol. i., p. 380., relative to + this subject, I have to inform your readers, that I have been favoured + with the opinion of gentlemen very high in official authority on all + points connected with heraldry and the rules of precedence; which is, + that the proper style of the mayor of a borough is "the worshipful;" and + they are further of opinion, that there can be no ground for styling the + mayor of a city "the right worshipful."</p> + + <p class="author">J. + + <p><i>True Blue</i> (Vol. iii., p. 27.).—On the origin of this + expression, I must claim the right to dissent from your correspondent G. + F. G., who appears to have fallen into the error of confining a form of + very wide application to one particular case, in which he discovers a + trifling coincidence of fact. The connexion of the colour blue with truth + is of very ancient date, of which the following may for the present + suffice as an example:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And by hire beddes hed she made a mew</p> + <p>And covered it with velouettes blew,</p> + <p>In signe of trouth, that is in woman sene."</p> + <p class="i8">Chaucer, <i>Squiere's Tale</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Blue, in the early practice of the tinctorial art, appears to have + been the most humble of the colours in use, and the least affected by any + external influence; and, down to the present day, if certain tints of + recent invention be excepted, the same character may be claimed for it. + What then more natural, than that it should be taken as the type of + immutability, or that every party, political or religious, should in turn + assume it as the badge of honesty of purpose, and of firm adherence to + their principles?</p> + + <p class="author">F. S. Q. + + <p><i>Modum Promissionis</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 279, 347, 468.).—This + phrase is perhaps connected with the promissivus modus, <i>i.e.</i> + tempus promissivum or futurum of Diomedes and other mediæval + grammarians.</p> + + <p class="author">T. J. + + <p><i>Fronte capillatâ, &c.</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).—The + representation of "Occasio," or "Opportunity," with hair in front, and + bald behind, is far more ancient than the drama referred to by your + correspondent G. A. S.</p> + + <p>In the <i>Anthologia</i> (Brunck's edition, vol. ii. p. 49.) the + following beautiful epigram is the 13th by Posidippus:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span title="'Eis Agalma tou Kairou." class="grk">"Ἐις Ἄγαλμα τοῦ Καιροῦ.</span></p> + <p><span title="Tis, pothen ho plastês? Sikuônios. Ounoma dê tis?" class="grk">Τίς, πόθεν ὁ πλάστης; Σικυώνιος. Οὔνομα δὴ τίς;</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Lusippos. Su de, tis? Kairos ho pandamatôr." class="grk">Λύσιππος. Σὺ δὲ, τίς; Καιρὸς ὁ πανδαμάτωρ.</span></p> + <p><span title="Tipte d' ep' akra bebêkas? Aei trochaô. Ti de tarsous" class="grk">Τίπτε δ' ἐπ' ἄκρα βέβηκας; Ἀεὶ τροχάω. Τί δὲ ταρσοὺς</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Possin echeis diphueis? Hiptam' hupênemios." class="grk">Ποσσὶν ἔχεις διφυεῖς; Ἵπταμ' ὑπηνέμιος.</span></p> + <p><span title="Cheiri de dexiterêi ti phereis xuron? Andrasi deigma" class="grk">Χειρὶ δὲ δεξιτερῇ τί φέρεις ξυρόν; Ἄνδρασι δεῖγμα</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Hôs akmês pasês oxuteros telethô." class="grk">Ὧς ἀκμῆς πάσης ὀξύτερος τελέθω.</span></p> + <p><span title="Hê de komê, ti kat' opsin? Hupantiasanti labesthai," class="grk">Ἡ δὲ κόμη, τί κατ' ὄψιν; Ὑπαντιάσαντι λαβέσθαι,</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Nê Dia. Taxopithen pros ti phalakra pelei?" class="grk">Νὴ Δία. Ταξόπιθεν πρὸς τί φαλακρὰ πέλει;</span></p> + <p><span title="Ton gar hapax ptênoisi parathrexanta me possin" class="grk">Τὸν γὰρ ἅπαξ πτηνοῖσι παραθρέξαντά με ποσσὶν</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Ou tis eu' himeirôn draxetai exopithen." class="grk">Οὔ τις ἔυ' ἱμείρων δράξεται ἐξόπιθεν.</span></p> + <p><span title="Tounech' ho technitês se dieplasen? Heineken humeôn," class="grk">Τούνεχ' ὁ τεχνίτης σε διέπλασεν; Εἵνεκεν ὑμέων,</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Xeine, kai en prothurois thêke dikaskaliên.'" class="grk">Ξεῖνε, καὶ ἐν προθύροις θῆκε δικασκαλίην."</span></p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 93 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page93"></a>{93}</span></p> + + <p>The same epigram, with an inconsiderable alteration, is given in + Bosch's <i>Anthologia Græca</i>, vol. ii. p. 478., with a close Latin + translation by Grotius.</p> + + <p>The following English version of the Greek is as nearly literal as the + idioms of the two languages will allow.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who is the sculptor, say, and whence?</p> + <p class="i1">From Sicyon. What is he</p> + <p>By name? Lysippus. Who art thou?</p> + <p class="i1">I am Opportunity.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Why is thy step so high and light?</p> + <p class="i1">I am running all the day.</p> + <p>Why on each foot hast thou a wing?</p> + <p class="i1">I fly with the winds away.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Why is a razor in thy hand?</p> + <p class="i1">More keen my edge is set.</p> + <p>Why hast thou hair upon thy brow?</p> + <p class="i1">To seize me by, when met.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Why is thy head then bald behind?</p> + <p class="i1">Because men wish in vain,</p> + <p>When I have run past on wingèd feet</p> + <p class="i1">To catch me e'er again.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Why did the artist form thee so?</p> + <p class="i1">To place me in this hall,</p> + <p>That I a lesson thus might give</p> + <p class="i1">To thee, friend, and to all."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Ausonius, in the fourteenth century of the Christian era, imitates + this in his 12th epigram.</p> + + <p>Phædrus (lib. v., fab. 8), in the Augustine age, speaks of the same + representation as already sanctioned by antiquity:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4hg3">"<span class="sc">Occasio depicta</span>.</p> + <p class="hg3">"Cursu veloci pendens in novaculâ,</p> + <p>Calvus, comosâ fronte, nudo corpore;</p> + <p>Quem si occuparis, teneas: elapsum semel</p> + <p>Non ipse possit Jupiter reprehendere;</p> + <p>Occassionem rerum significat brevem.</p> + <p>Effectus impediret ne segnis mora,</p> + <p>Finxere antiqui talem effigiem temporis."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">T. C. + + <p>Durham, Jan. 20. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Cross between a Wolf and a Hound</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 39.).—There is no doubt that a dog and a wolf are capable of + breeding together. The fact is well known, and has been long ascertained. + See <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i>, art. "Dog." The only question is whether the + offspring of this cross is a mule, and, like other mules, incapable of + continuing its race; or whether it is prolific? The latter position is + maintained by Mr. Bell, in his <i>History of British Quadrupeds</i>. "The + dog and wolf will readily breed together (he says), <i>and their progeny + is fertile</i>." But query, can any authentic instance be produced of a + cross between a dog and a wolf, which has produced a prolific animal?</p> + + <p class="author">L. + + <p>Professor Thomas Bell states that the dog and wolf will readily breed + with each other, and that their progeny thus obtained will again mingle + with the dog.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernard Smith</span>. + + <p>Temple, Jan. 19. 1851.</p> + + <p>I have read somewhere (in Kohl's <i>Russia</i>, if I mistake not) that + this cross is not uncommon in the southern portions of European Russia, + but I have not the book at hand to refer to.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Diss</span>. + + <p>Your correspondent, <span class="sc">T——n</span>, will + find this fact referred to in Sir John Franklin's <i>Narrative of a + Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea</i>, vol. i., p. 268., 2nd + edition, London. Murray, 1824. Lieutenant Hood says—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"On our way to the tent a black wolf rushed out upon an Indian, who + happened to pass its den. It was shot, and the Indians carried away three + black whelps, to improve the breed of their dogs."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. H. H. K. + + <p>Drayton Beauchamp, Jan. 22. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Touching for the Evil</i> (Vol. iii., p. 42.).—I have seen an + illuminated MS. containing the form of prayer in use previous to the + Reformation. As far as I remember, the MS. in question must have been of + the fifteenth century. Where it may now be found I am not aware. At the + time of my seeing it, it was in the possession of Mr. Toovey of + Piccadilly.</p> + + <p>A somewhat curious field for inquiry on this subject is opened by a + passage in Voltaire's <i>Siècle de Louis XIV</i>. Speaking of James II. + touching for the evil while in exile at the French court, he + says—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Soit que les Rois Anglais se soient attribué ce singulier privilège, + comme prétendans à la couronne de la France; soit que cette cérémonie + soit établie chez eux depuis le temps du premier Edouard."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Have we any evidence of the ceremony having been performed by any + French monarchs? I am not aware of any.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sn</span>. + + <p><i>Old Booty</i> (Vol. iii, p. 40.).—In 1830 there appeared a + humorous versification, by W. T. Moncrieff, of this story, for the + authenticity of which he prudently says he cannot vouch. He furnishes a + sort of account of the affair, and of an action at the suit of Booty's + widow, the records of which, it says, are at Westminster, Jan. 2. + 1687.</p> + + <p>Notwithstanding this apparent circumstantial account, we find in a + very entertaining anonymous work, entitled <i>The History of Man; or, the + Wonders of Human Nature</i>, 2nd edit. Edinb. 1790, 8vo., vol. i. p. + 376., a similar incident related of a Mr. Gresham, an eminent merchant of + London, which happened in the reign of Hen. VIII., the authorities for + which are cited, <i>Sandy's Trav.</i> l. 4. p. 248. <i>Clark's Mir.</i> + c. 33. p. 115.</p> + + <p class="author">F. R. A. + + <p><i>Breeches Bible</i> (Vol. iii., p 17.).—The first edition of + this Bible is now before me. The title-page and portions of the addresses + to Queen Elizabeth and to the reader are unfortunately <!-- Page 94 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page94"></a>{94}</span>wanting, as is + also the first leaf of Genesis. But the title of the New Testament as + follows:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Newe Testament of ovr Lord Jesus Christ [***] Conferred + diligently with the Greke, and best approued translacions in divers + languages. At Geneva: Printed by Rouland Hull. <span + class="scac">M.D.LX.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is a woodcut of the Egyptians pursuing the Israelites on the + shore of the Red Sea, surrounded with texts from scripture. It is a small + quarto in Roman type, and divided into verses.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Echo</span>. + + <p><i>Separation of Sexes in Church</i> (Vol. ii., p. 94.).—This + custom appears to be of considerable antiquity. Sir Thomas More, in his + <i>Utopia</i> (p. 285. of the edition of 1639), says—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"When they be come thither, the men goe into the right side of the + church, and the women into the left side."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sn.</span> + + <p><i>Defender of the Faith</i> (Vol. iii., p. 9.).—By a hasty + perusal of the letter of <span class="sc">Col. Anstruther</span> in your + number of the 4th of January, I perceive that some doubt has been raised + whether any of our sovereigns have used the title of Defender of the + Faith, prior to the time of King Henry VIII.</p> + + <p>If you will refer to the forth part of Prynne's <i>Institutes</i>, pp. + 229-30, and 295-6-7, you will find set out at full length divers letters + close and patent from King Richard II. in the 6th, 11th, and 19th years + of his reign, for suppressing the heresies of Wickliff and his followers. + These letters are addressed to the Chancellor of the University of + Oxford, William Archbishop of Canterbury (Courtney), and to Ralfe + Crombewell, Chivalier, and John Lekyll, and the Mayor and Bailiffs of + Nottingham, in which King Richard II. styles himself thus—"Nos Zelo + Fidei Catholicæ, Cujus Sumus Et Esse Volumus Defensores," &c.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Witham</span>. + + <p>Lincoln Chambers, Chancery Lane, Jan. 14. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Epigram on Synod of Dort</i> (Vol. iii., p. 23.).—The + statement in the <i>Biographie Universelle</i>, that this epigram was + made <i>in England</i>, is probably taken from Mosheim (<i>Eccl. + Hist</i>.), who says the same; but his authority Neal (<i>Hist. of the + Puritans</i>) does not say that it was made <i>in England</i>; and one + can hardly read the sentence in which he quotes it without feeling + satisfied that he did not know <i>who</i> made it. After stating that the + proceedings of the synod were much approved of by the English divines, + and quoting expressions of Mr. Baxter and the learned Jacobus Capella in + its favour, he proceeds—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"P. du Moulin, Paulus Servita, and the author of the life of Waleus, + speak the same language. But <i>others</i> poured contempt upon the + Synod, or burlesqued their proceedings in the following lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Dordrechti Synodus, nodus; chorus integer, æger;</p> + <p>Conventus, ventus; sessio stramen. Amen.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Lewis du Moulin, with all the favourers of the Arminian doctrine, as + Heylin, Womeck, Brandt, &c., charge them with partiality and + unjustifiable severity."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>When a writer, in the midst of a shower of authorities, refers a + particular expression to "others," it may almost be laid down as a rule, + that he does not know whose property it is. Here, therefore, the inquiry + seems brought to a dead stop, in this tract at least.</p> + + <p class="author">B. R. I. + + <p><i>Parish Register Tax</i> (Vol. ii., p. 10.).—In our register, + Hawarden, I find the following entry:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"October, 1783. On the 2nd of this month the Act commenced which + layeth a duty of threepence upon every Registry of a Burial, except a + <i>Pauper's</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And again:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Oct. 1. 1794. The duty of threepence on each Registry of Births, + Deaths, and Marriages, imposed by Act of Parliament, commencing October + 2. 1783, ceased this day."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>During this interval many burials are marked <i>paupers</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Waldegrave Brewster</span>. + + <p>Hawarden, Flints.</p> + + <p><i>Clergy sold for Slaves</i> (Vol. ii., p. 41.).—Walker + says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mr. Dugdale, in relating the same matter, adds that Rigby not only + exposed them to sale, but <i>found purchasers</i> also; and what is more, + had actually contracted with two merchants for them; and for that reason + moved it twice (in the House, as I understand him) that they might be + disposed of."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Waldegrave Brewster</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>When a work of such general reference as a Peerage, which is wanted + upon every library table, and in every club and reading-room "where men + do congregate;" which is, at the same time, from its nature, open to the + criticism of hundreds of critics,—when a work of this nature and of + such extent as <i>Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the + Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire</i> bears on its title-page + the brief but expressive words "<i>Thirteenth Edition</i>," it has + obviously long outlived the time when any question can exist as to its + merits. These have long been recognised by those best able to appreciate + them, namely, the noble personages to whose history, and the history of + whose descent and collateral branches, it is especially devoted; and + whose personal communications have served to procure for the present work + the merit by which it seeks to distinguish itself from all similar + productions, namely, by its greater fullness of detail and its extreme + accuracy.</p> + + <p>The Rev. A. Hussey, M.A., has in the Press <i>Notes on the Churches in + the Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey mentioned in Domesday Book</i>. + Subscribers names are received by Mr. J. Russell Smith. <!-- Page 95 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page95"></a>{95}</span></p> + + <p>Mr. M. A. Lower's translation of <i>The Chronicle of Battel Abbey, + from the Vow of its Foundation by the Conqueror in 1066 to the Year + 1176</i>, will be published in the course of the present month.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell, on Monday and Tuesday next, a very + valuable and important Collection of Classical and Historical Books, from + the Library of a Collector; and on Wednesday and two following Days, an + important portion of the valuable Library of the Right Hon. C. W. + Williams Wynn, including First and Second Folio Shakspeare, Caxton's + <i>Golden Legend</i>, and some valuable MSS., including one of the works + of Robert Rolle, the Hermit of Hampole, &c.</p> + + <p><i>Catalogues Received</i>.—William Brown's (46. High Holborn) + Catalogue Part LI. of Second-hand English and Foreign Books on Theology, + Fine Arts, and Miscellaneous Literature; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old + Compton Street, Soho) Catalogue of Books relating to Kent, Sussex, and + Surrey; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-fifth + Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand English Foreign and Classical Books.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Walker's Rhyming Dictionary</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mrs. Grant's Letters from the Mountains</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Colebrooke's Essays</span>. 2 Vols. 8vo.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Southey's Life of Wesley</span> (<i>Early + Edition</i>.)</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Cæsar, Valpy's Delphin Edition</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Greek Translation of Cæsar's Gallic War</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Van Espen, Jus Ecclesiasticum</span>, 1781.</p> + + <p>[***] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186, Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><span class="sc">Locke</span>. <i>We shall next week lay before our + readers a long and most interesting inedited Letter from Lord + Shaftesbury, the author of the</i> Characteristics, <i>to Le Clerc, in + which he gives a biographical sketch of his friend and foster father Mr. + Locke.</i></p> + + <p>J. S. B. <i>The two Notes were duly forwarded. Will our correspondent + enable us to write to him.</i></p> + + <p>C. W. B. <i>The very interesting little</i> History of Venice <i>in + Murray's</i> Family Library <i>was written by the late Rev. E. + Smedley</i>.</p> + + <p>G. R. M. <i>The brass token in question is a weight for weighing + half-guineas; the coinage weights of which were</i> 2 dwt. 16¾ gr., + <i>and the</i> current <i>weights</i> 2 dwt. 16 gr.</p> + + <p><i>We have two or three favours to request of our correspondents, and + we ask them no less for their sakes than for our own. 1st. That they will + be particular in their references, and collate their extracts before + sending them to us; for they little know the loss of time and the trouble + which a neglect of these trifles occasions us. 2d. That they will forward + their separate articles as far as possible on separate papers; for + several valuable communications are now standing over, until we can find + leisure to separate and arrange for the press the different parts. 3rd. + That they will write</i> as legibly as they can.</p> + + <p>J. S. (Brighton). <i>Received.</i></p> + + <p>K. R. H. M. <i>The poem, beginning</i>,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Give Lucinda pearle nor stone,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>written by Thomas Carew, or Carye, was addressed to the celebrated + Countess of Carlisle, daughter of Edward Lord Howard of Escrick, and is + printed at p. 48. of Tom Davies' edition of</i> Carew's Poems (1772).</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Replies Received</span>. <i>Umbrella—Ulm + MS.—Pillgarlick—Tandem D. O. M.—Swearing by + Swans—By and bye—Frozen Horn—Gray and + Byron—Hornbooks—Ring Dials—Apricot—Folk Lore of + Lancashire—Lady Bingham—Downing Family—Episcopal + Mitre—Handbell before a Corpse—Probabilism—Herstmonceux + Castle—Burning the Hill—Venwell—Annoy—Breeches + Bible—Lynch Law—</i>"<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>" <i>in Holland—Sir John Davies and his + Biographers—Queen Anne's Farthings—Jesse's + London—Verstegan—George Herbert—Folk-Lore—Bunyan + and Hobbes—Pretended Reprint of Old Poetry—Fossel Elk of + Ireland—Jonathan Hulls—Touchstone's Dial.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Volume the Second of Notes and Queries</span>, + <i>with very copious</i> <span class="sc">Index</span>, <i>is now ready, + price 9s. 6d. strongly bound in cloth</i>. <span class="sc">Vol.</span> + I. <i>is reprinted, and may also be had at the same price.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by + order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on + Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any + difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, + &c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will + enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> + <i>in their Saturday parcels</i>.</p> + + <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>In a few days will be published, price 12<i>s.</i>, containing nearly + 400 pages with Illustrations, handsomely bound in cloth,</p> + + <p>THE SUSSEX GARLAND.</p> + + <p>Dedicated by Permission to the Sussex Archæological Society.</p> + + <p>Edited and Published by <span class="sc">James Taylor</span>, Newick, + Sussex.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for FEBRUARY, 1851, contains the Story of + Nell Gwyn related by <span class="sc">Peter Cunningham</span>, Esq., + F.S.A., Chapter II (with two engravings); Laudism and Puseyism, a + Parallel exhibiting their exact identity; on the Poetry of Thomas Lodge, + by John Payne Collier, Esq., V.P.S.A.; Unpublished Historical + Illustrations of the Reign of Henry VII., from the Archives of the City + of York; Extracts from a Pembrokeshire Diary in 1688; Unpublished Order + for supply of Night Gowns for Queen Elizabeth and the Earl of Leicester; + Pio Nono and Canon Townsend; the History of the Roman Wall (with many + engravings); the Mediæval Exhibition of 1850 (with engravings); Court + Gossip of the Twelfth Century, from a new work by Walter Map; the + Sicilian Vespers and Amari; Junius and Lord Chesterfield, &c. &c. + With the customary Review of New Books, Historical Chronicle, and + Obituary: including Memoirs of Sir Lumley Skeffington, the Rev. Richard + Garnett, Dr. Haviland, Mr. Hullmandel, &c. &c, Price 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Nichols</span> and <span class="sc">Son</span>, + Parliament Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Second Edition, revised and corrected, 8vo. cloth, price + 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS.</p> + + <p>Containing to Seven Places of Decimals, natural Numbers, answering to + all Logarithms from 00001 to 99999; and an improved Table of Gauss's + Logarithms, by which may be found the Logarithm to the sum or difference + of Two Quantities where Logarithms are given: preceded by an + Introduction, containing also the History of Logarithms, their + Construction, and the various Improvements made therein since their + invention. By <span class="sc">Herschell E. Filipowski.</span></p> + + <p>The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype places of + these Tables, (published a few months ago at 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>,) is + enabled to offer a corrected edition at the above reduced price.</p> + + <p><i>Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq.</i></p> + + <p>"I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of + Anti-Logarithms, and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his + proposed table of Annuities for three lives, constructed from the + Carlisle Table.</p> + + <p>"The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, + in extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique + among modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this + being supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without + qualification.</p> + + <p>"The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of + opinion. I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease, as + I have found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other + tables, and particularly with other <span class="scac">FIVE-FIGURE</span> + tables, of the same kind, will recommend it. I desire to confine myself + to testifying to the facility with which this table can be used; + comparison with other forms, as to <span class="scac">RELATIVE</span> + facility, being out of the question on so short a trial.</p> + + <p>"On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion + to say anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well + aware how much it is wanted.</p> + + <p class="author">"<span class="sc">A. de Morgan.</span>" + + <p><span class="sc">George Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet-street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p><!-- Page 96 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page96"></a>{96}</span></p> + + <p>NOTICE.</p> + + <p><b>THE NEW EDITION OF BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1851</b></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Is Published this Day</span>.</p> + + <p>Revised and corrected throughout to the Present Time from the Personal + Communications of the Nobility, &c.</p> + + <p>In 1 Vol. Royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary + volumes, with 1500 engravings of arms, &c. 38<i>s.</i> bound.</p> + + <p>"The most complete, the most convenient, and the cheapest work of the + kind ever given to the public."—<i>Sun</i>.</p> + + <p>Also just published, in 2 vols. 8vo., 28<i>s.</i> bound,</p> + + <p>MR. DISRAELI'S LIFE AND REIGN OF CHARLES I.</p> + + <p>New Edition, revised by the Author, and edited by his Son, B. <span + class="sc">Disraeli</span>, M.P.</p> + + <p>"By far the most important work on the important age of Charles I. + that modern times have produced."—<i>Quarterly Review</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Henry Colburn</span>, Publisher, 13. Great + Marlborough Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>The important and valuable Library of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq,. + F.R.S., F.S.A.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Messrs. S. Leigh Sotheby</span> and <span + class="sc">John Wilkinson</span>, auctioneers of literary property and + works illustrative of the fine arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their + House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on Monday, February 10, and three + following days, at 1 precisely, the valuable antiquarian, miscellaneous, + and historical LIBRARY of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.; + comprising the first, second and fourth editions of the works of + Shakspeare, and an extensive collection of Shaksperiana; Dugdale (W.) + Monasticon Anglicanum, 3 vols., original edition; Dugdale (W.) Monasticon + Anglicanum, by Bandinel, Caley, and Ellis, 8 vols., a fine subscription + copy, in blue morocco; the Baronage of England, and other of his works; + Duchesne (A.) Historiæ Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui; Guillim (J.) + Display of Heraldry, best edition; Hidgdon (R.) Polychronicon, black + letter, a rare edition, fine copy; Hollinshed (R.) Chronicles, 3 vols, + best edition; Works of Homer, translated by Chapman, in old blue morocco; + Horsley (J.) Britannia Romana, scarce, Rerum Britannicarum Scriptores, + very scarce; Rymeri Fœdera, 10 vols.; Sandford (F.) Genealogical + History, best edition; Somneri (G.) Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino + Anglicanum; the Sydney Papers, 2 vols.; Tanneri (T.) Bibliotheca + Britannico Hibernica et Notitia Monastica; Thurloe (J.) State Papers, 7 + vols; Wilkins (D.) Concilia Magnæ Britanniæ, 4 vols, very scarce; with an + important series of the valuable Antiquarian Publications of Thomas + Herne. To be viewed two days prior, and catalogues had; if in the country + on receipt of six postage stamps.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for FEBRUARY, price 1<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.</p> + + <p>Edited by <span class="sc">Thos. Price</span>, LL.D. and Rev. W. H. + <span class="sc">Stowell</span>, D.D.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="scac">CONTAINS:</span></p> + <p>1. The Royal Academy</p> + <p>2. Sunday Legislation.—Memoirs of Sir Andrew Agnew.</p> + <p>3. Smith's Sacred Aspects.</p> + <p>4. Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales.</p> + <p>5. Emigration.—Its Distribution and Importance.</p> + <p>6. Lord Carlisle, and Alexander Pope.</p> + <p>7. The Italian Revolution.—Mazzini and Baillie Cochrane.</p> + <p>8. Höhner on Musical Composition</p> + <p>9. The Power of Romanism.</p> + <p class="i2">Review of the Month, &c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + + <p>[***] The circulation of the <span class="sc">Eclectic</span> having + increased <i>fourfold</i>, a third Edition of the JANUARY Number is now + ready, and may be had by order of any Bookseller in town or country.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ward</span> and Co, 27. Paternoster Row.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>PERIODICAL WORKS,</h2> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>For February</i>, 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE.—<span class="sc">The National + Edition</span>, Part VIII., containing <span class="sc">King Henry</span> + IV., Part I., with numerous Illustrations, price 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>[***] This Work is published twice a month. Each <span + class="sc">Part</span> contains a complete Play.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The National Edition of the Pictorial + Shakspere</span> is also published in <span class="sc">Monthly + sections</span>, each containing <span class="sc">Two Plays</span> and a + portion of the <span class="sc">Biography and Studies</span>. Section + IV., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>HALF A CENTURY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.—A History of the Kingdom + and the People from 1800 to 1850. By <span class="sc">Harriet + Martineau</span>, Part I., price 1<i>s.</i>, with Portraits of <span + class="sc">Pitt</span>, <span class="sc">Fox</span>, <span + class="sc">Nelson</span> and <span class="sc">Napoleon</span>. The Work + will be completed in Twenty-four Shilling Parts, published twice a + month.</p> + + <p>THE NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. Part XLVIII., First half, + price 6<i>d.</i> The Second Half-part. price 6d., completing the Work, + will be published in March, 1851.</p> + + <p>KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS. Part III., price + 9<i>d.</i> Issued also in Weekly Numbers, price 2<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF LONDON. Part III., price 9<i>d.</i> Issued also + in Weekly Numbers, price 2<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>KNIGHT'S EXCURSION TRAIN COMPANION. Part I., price 9<i>d.</i> Issued + also in Weekly Numbers, price 2<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>HALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. Part XI., price 6<i>d.</i> Issued + also in Weekly Numbers, price 1½<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>HALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. Volume III., with Portraits on Steel + of <span class="sc">Scott</span>, <span class="sc">Byron</span>, <span + class="sc">Cowper</span>, and <span class="sc">Wordsworth</span>, + handsomely bound in cloth, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Vols. I and II., + uniformly bound, are constantly on sale.</p> + + <p>PICTORIAL HALF-HOURS; or <span class="sc">Miscellanies of Art</span>. + Part IX., price 9<i>d.</i> Issued also in Weekly Numbers, price + 2<i>d.</i> each.</p> + + <p>[***] The First and Second Volumes, with illuminated Frontispieces, + handsomely bound in cloth, price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, are + constantly on sale.</p> + + <p>THE LAND WE LIVE IN. PART XXXIX., price 1<i>s.</i> containing <span + class="sc">South Wales</span>, with a Map, and numerous Woodcuts.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p><span class="sc">Descriptive Catalogues</span> of Mr. <span + class="sc">Charles Knight's Publications</span> may be had on + Application.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>London: <span class="sc">Charles Knight</span>, 90. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New + Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in + the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, + of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St Dunstan in the West, in the + City of London, Publisher, at No. 186, Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, February 1. 1851.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 66, February +1, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 66 *** + +***** This file should be named 22339-h.htm or 22339-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/3/3/22339/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 66, February 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: August 16, 2007 [EBook #22339] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 66 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{81} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 66.] +SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + + Page + + "NOTES AND QUERIES" in Holland 81 + + NOTES:-- + + Sir John Davies and his Biographers, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 82 + + A Note on Queen Anne's Farthings by J. Y. Akerman 83 + + Folk-Lore:--Lammer Beads--On the Lingering of the + Spirit--May Cats--Mottos on Warming-pans and + Garters 84 + + Notes on Jesse's "London and its Celebrities," by Henry + Campkin 84 + + Minor Notes:--Verstegan--George Herbert and the + Church at Leighton Bromswold--Little Gidding--Etymology + of Kobold--Judas Cup--Essleholt Priory--Crossing + Rivers on Skins 85 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bibliographical Queries 86 + + Minor Queries:--Bishops' Lands--The Barons of Hugh + Lupus--Can the Queen make a Gentleman?--Plafery--St. + John's Bridge Fair--Queries on Costume--Cum + Grano Salis--Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, + Lucretia--Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny--Foundation + Stone of St. Mark's, Venice--Coins of + Richard Cromwell--Cataracts of the Nile--Paternoster + Tackling--Dancing Trenchmore--Hymns-- + Camden and Curwen Families--Jartuare 87 + + REPLIES:-- + + John Bunyan and his Portrait.--Did Bunyan know + Hobbes? by George Offor 89 + + The Mother Church of the Saxons by Dr. J. Rawson 90 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--The Frozen Horn--To + Pose--Culprits torn by Horses--The Conquest--Mayors, + their correct Prefix--True Blue--Modum Promissionis--Fronte + capillata &c.--Cross between a + Wolf and a Hound--Touching for the Evil--Old + Booty--Breeches Bible--Separation of the Sexes--Defender + of the Faith--Epigram on the Synod of Dort--Parish + Register Tax--Clergy sold for Slaves 91 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 94 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 95 + + Notices to Correspondents 95 + + Advertisements 95 + + * * * * * + + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" IN HOLLAND. + +The following extremely interesting, and, we need scarcely add, to us most +gratifying, communication reached us at too late a period last week to +admit of our then laying it before our friends, readers, and contributors. +They will one and all participate in our gratification at the proof which +it affords, not merely of that success which they have all combined to +secure, but of the good working, and consequent wide extension, of that +great principle of literary brotherhood which it has been the great object +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to establish. + +_To the Editor of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +Mr. Editor, + +We have the pleasure of sending you the prospectus of "DE NAVORSCHER," a +new Dutch periodical, grounded upon the same principle as its valuable and +valiant predecessor "NOTES AND QUERIES." The title, when translated into +English, would be--"_The Searcher; a medium of intellectual exchange and +literary intercourse between all who know something, have to ask something, +or can solve something._" If it be glorious for _you_ to have proposed a +good example, we think it honourable for _us_ to follow it. + +Though we do not wish to be our own trumpets, we can say that never a Dutch +newspaper was greeted, before its appearance, by such favourable +prognostics. _Your_ idea, Mr. Editor, was received with universal applause; +and Mr. FREDERIK MULLER, by whom "DE NAVORSCHER" will be published, is not +only a celebrated bookseller, but also one of our most learned _bookmen_. + +Ready to promote by every means in our power the friendly intercourse +between your country and our fatherland, we desire of you to lay the +following plan before the many readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +1. Every Query, which, promulgated by our English sister, would perhaps +find a solution when meeting the eyes of _Dutch_ readers, will be +TRANSLATED for them by her foreign brother. We promise to send you a +version of the eventual answers. + +2. Of Queries, divulged in "DE NAVORSCHER," and likely to be answered if +translated for the British readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES," a _version_ will +be presented by us to the sister-periodical. + +3. The title of BOOKS OR ODD VOLUMES wanted to purchase, of which copies +may exist in the Netherlands, will be duly inserted into "DE NAVORSCHER" +when required. Mr. FREDERIK MULLER will direct his letters, containing +particulars and lowest price, to the persons anxious for information. + +4. All communications for "DE NAVORSCHER" must be addressed to Mr. D. NUTT, +Bookseller, {82} No. 270. Strand; or, _carriage free_, to the "_Directors_ +of the same," care of Mr. FREDERIK MULLER, "Heerengracht, near the Oude +Spieglestraat, Amsterdam." + +With a fervent wish that in such a manner, two neighbourly nations, +connected by religion, commerce, and literary pursuits, may be more and +more united by the mail-bearing sea which divides them, we have the honour +to remain, + + Mr. Editor, + Your respectful servants, + THE DIRECTORS OF "DE NAVORSCHER." + +Amsterdam, the 16th of December, 1850. + + When by the publication of "NOTES AND QUERIES" we laid down those + telegraphic lines of literary communication which we hoped should one + day find their way into every library and book-room in the United + Kingdom, we little thought that, ere fifteen months had passed, we + should be called upon, not to lay down a _sub_marine telegraph, but to + establish a _super_marine communication with our brethren in the Low + Countries. We do so most gladly, for we owe them much. From them it was + that Caxton learned the art, but for which "NOTES AND QUERIES" would + never have existed; and of which the unconstrained practice has, under + Providence, served to create our literature, to maintain our liberties, + and to win for England its exalted position among the nations of the + earth. + + Heartily, therefore, do we bid God speed to "DE NAVORSCHER;" and + earnestly will we do all we can to realize the kindly wish of our + Amsterdam brethren, that the "two neighbourly nations of Holland and + England, connected by religion, commerce, and literary pursuits, may be + more and more united by the mail-bearing sea which divides them." + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +SIR JOHN DAVIES AND HIS BIOGRAPHERS. + +Sir John Davies, the "sweet poet" and "grave lawyer"--rather odd +combinations by the bye,--according to Wood, was "born at Chisgrove, in the +parish of Tysbury in Wiltshire, being the son of a wealthy _tanner_ of that +place!" This statement is repeated in Cooper's _Muses' Library_, p. 331.; +Nichols's _Select Poems_, vol. i., p. 276.; Sir E. Brydges's edition of +Philips's _Theatrum Poetarum_, 1800, p. 272.; Sir Harris Nicolas's edition +of Davison's _Poetical Rhapsody_, vol. i. p. cii., &c. And Headley, in his +_Select Beauties of Poetry_, ed. 1787, vol. i. p. xli., adds, "he was a man +of _low_ extraction!" Wood's assertion concerning Davies's parentage, was +made, I believe, upon the authority of Fuller; but it is undoubtedly an +error, as the books which record the admission of the younger Davies into +the Society of the Middle Temple, say the father was "late of New Inn, +_gentleman_." + +Mr. Robert R. Pearce, in a recent work, entitled _A History of the Inns of +Court and Chancery_, 8vo. 1848, p. 293., gives the following sketch of the +leading facts in the life of our "poetical lawyer:"-- + + "Sir John Davis, the author of _Reports_, and several other legal + works, and a poet of considerable repute, was of this Society [_i.e._ + the Middle Temple]. His father was a member of New Inn, and a + practitioner of the law in Wiltshire. At the Middle Temple, young Davis + became rather notorious for his irregularities, and having beaten Mr. + Richard Martin (also a poet, and afterwards Recorder of London) in the + hall, he was expelled the house. Afterwards, through the influence of + Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, he was restored to his position in the + Middle Temple; and, in 1601, was elected a Member of the House of + Commons. In 1603, he was appointed by King James Solicitor-General in + Ireland. In 1606, he was called to the degree of Serjeant-at-Law; and, + in the following year, was knighted by the King at Whitehall. In 1612, + he published a book on the state of Ireland, which is often referred + to; and soon afterwards he was appointed King's Serjeant, and Speaker + of the House of Commons in Ireland. On his return to England he + published his reports of cases adjudged in the King's Court in + Ireland,--the first reports of Irish cases made public. The preface to + these reports is very highly esteemed. It has been said to vie with + Coke in solidity and learning, and equal Blackstone in classical + illustration and elegant language. Sir John Davis died 7th of December, + 1626." + +It is amusing to see how erroneous statements creep into ordinary +biography. Headley, as we have just seen, calls Davies "a man of _low_ +extraction;" and now we find a more recent biographer adding (without the +shadow of an authority), "at the Middle Temple, young Davies became _rather +notorious for his irregularities_!" + +Davies's quarrel with Richard Martin is alluded to by Wood. After speaking +of his admission into the Middle Temple, and of his being made a barrister +(July, 1595), that writer adds:-- + + "But so it was that he [Sir John Davies] being a high-spirited young + man, did, upon some little provocation or punctilio, bastinado Rich. + Martin (afterwards Recorder of London) in the Common Hall of the Middle + Temple, while he was at dinner. For which act being forthwith + [February, 1597-8] expell'd, he retired for a time in private, lived in + Oxon in the condition of a sojourner, and follow'd his studies, tho' he + wore a cloak. However, among his serious thoughts, making reflections + upon his own condition, which sometimes was an affliction to him, he + composed that excellent philosophical and divine poem called _Nosce + Teipsum_." + +It is not a little singular that this very Richard Martin, whose +chastisement is thus recorded, had {83} been on terms of strict friendship +with our "high-spirited" young lawyer. In 1596, Davies had published his +poem on dancing, entitled _Orchestra_, the title-page of which is followed +by a dedicatory sonnet "To his very friend, Ma. Richard Martin." This +sonnet is written in extravagant terms of friendship and admiration; and as +it is only to be found in the _rare_ first edition, and in the almost +equally rare _Bibliographical Catalogue of the Ellesmere Collection_, some +of your readers may not be displeased to see it on the present occasion:-- + + "TO HIS VERY FRIEND MA. RICH. MARTIN. + + "To whom shall I this dauncing Poeme send, + This suddaine, rash, halfe-capreol of my wit? + To you, first mover and sole cause of it, + Mine-owne-selves better halve, my deerest frend. + O, would you yet my Muse some Honny lend + From your mellifluous tongue, whereon doth sit + Suada in majestie, that I may fit + These harsh beginnings with a sweeter end. + You know the modest sunne full fifteene times + Blushing did rise, and blushing did descend, + While I in making of these ill made rimes, + My golden bowers unthriftily did spend. + Yet, if in friendship you these numbers prayse, + I will mispend another fifteene dayes." + +The cause of quarrel between the two young lawyers is not known, but the +"offence," whatever it was, was not slight. In the year 1622, when Davies +reprinted his poetical works, we find that his feelings of resentment +against his once "very friend" had not abated, for in place of the +dedicatory sonnet to Richard Martin, is substituted a sonnet addressed to +Prince Charles; and at the conclusion of the poem, he left a _hiatus_ after +the one hundred and twenty-sixth stanza, on account of the same quarrel. + +Sir John Davies's celebrated poem, _Nosce Teipsum_ (mentioned by Wood in +the previous extract), is said to have gained the author the favour of +James I., even before he came to the crown. Wood gives the precise period +of its composition, and, I think, with every appearance of truth, although +it does not accord with the statement of modern biographers, that it was +written at twenty-five years of age. (See Campbell's _Essay on Poetry_, +&c., ed. 1848, p. 184.) The first edition of this poem was printed in 4to. +in the year 1599, and has for its title the following:-- + + "_Nosce Teipsum_. This Oracle expounded in Two Elegies. 1. Of Humane + Knowledge. 2. Of the Soule of Man, and the Immortalitie thereof. + London, Printed by Richard Field, for John Standish. 43 leaves." + +As I am deeply interested in all that relates to the subject of this note, +I have compiled a list of editions of the above poem, which shows its +popularity for more than a century and a half:-- + + + 1. 1599. _London_, 4to. First edition. + 2. 1602. _ib._ 4to. Second ed. + 3. 1608. _ib._ 4to. Third ed. + 4. 1619. _ib._ 8vo. Fourth ed. + 5. 1622. _ib._ 8vo. The last edition printed during the + Author's lifetime. + 6. 1653. _ib._ 4to. Published by T. Jenner with curious plates, + and prose paraphrase. + 7. 1688. _ib._ folio. With prose dissertation. + 8. 1697. _Dublin,_ 8vo. With Life of the Author, by Nahum Tate. + 9. 1714. _ib._ 12mo. Second edition by Tate. + 10. 1733. _ib._ 8vo. With Essay by Dr. Sheridan. + 11. 1749. _London,_ 12mo. + 12. 1759. _Glasgow,_ 12mo. With Life of the Author. + 13. 1760. _London,_ 8vo. In Capel's _Prolusions._ + 14. 1773. _ib._ 12mo. In Davies's _Poetical Works_, edited by + Thompson. + +Sir John Davies left behind him a large number of MSS. upon various +subjects, none of which have since been printed. It would be very desirable +that a list, as far as can now be made out, should be put on record. +Anthony Wood says, several of Davies's MSS. were formerly in the library of +Sir James Ware of Ireland and since that in the possession of Edward, Earl +of Clarendon. The most interesting of these MSS. were a Collection of +Epigrams, and a Metaphrase of David's Psalms. The Harleian MSS., Nos. 1578. +and 4261., contain two law treatises of this learned writer, and in +Thorpe's _Catalogue_ for 1823, I find _A Treatise of Tenures touchinge his +Majesties Prerogative Royal_, by John Davies, folio, MS. + +Granger does not record any engraved portrait of this writer, and all my +enquiries have failed in discovering one. In Mr. Soame Jenyn's Hall, at +Botesham, in Cambridgeshire (in 1770), was a full-length portrait of an +elderly gentleman in a gown, with a book in one hand, on which is written +"_Nosce Teipsum_." If this is a genuine portrait of Sir John Davies, it +ought to be engraved to accompany a new edition of his poetical works; a +publication which the lovers of our old poetry would deem an acceptable +offering. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON QUEEN ANN'S FARTHINGS. + +The idea that a Queen Anne's farthing is a coin of the greatest rarity, +originated perhaps in the fact that there are several _pattern pieces_ +executed by Croker, which are much valued by collectors, and which +consequently bring higher prices. One type only was in circulation, and +this appears to have been very limited, for it is somewhat scarce, though a +specimen may easily be procured of any dealer in coins for a few shillings. +This bears the bust of the {84} Queen, with the legend ANNA DEI +GRATIA--reverse, BRITANNIA around the trite figure of Britannia with the +spear and olive-branch: the date 1714 in the exergue. Those with Peace in a +car, Britannia standing with olive-branch and spear, or seated under an +arch, are patterns; the second has the legend BELLO ET PACE in indented +letters, a mode revived in the reign of George III. It is said that many +years ago a lady in the north of England lost one of the farthings of Queen +Anne, which she much prized as the bequest of a deceased friend, and that +having offered in the public journals a large reward for its recovery, it +was ever afterwards supposed that any farthing of this monarch was of great +value. + +J. Y. AKERMAN. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Lammer Beads._--Does any one know the meaning of "Lammer beads?" They are +almost always made of amber, and are considered as a charm to keep away +evil of every kind; their touch is believed to cure many diseases, and they +are still worn by many old people in Scotland round the neck. The name +cannot have anything to do with "Lammermuir," as, although they are well +known among the old people of Lammermuir, yet they are equally so all over +Scotland. + +L. M. M. R. + +_On the Lingering of the Spirit._--Perhaps you may think the following +story worthy of insertion in your paper. + +There is a common belief among the poor, that the spirit will linger in the +body of a child a long time when the parent refuses to part with it. I said +to Mrs. B., "Poor little H. lingered a long time; I thought, when I saw +him, that he must have died the same day, but he lingered on!" + +"Yes," said Mrs. B., "it was a great shame of his mother. He wanted to die, +and she would not let him die: she couldn't part with him. There she stood, +fretting over him, and couldn't give him up; and so we said to her, 'He'll +never die till you give him up.' And then she gave him up; and he died +quite peaceably." + +RICH. B. MACHELL. + +Vicarage, Barrow-on-Humber, Jan. 13. 1851. + +_May Cats_ (Vol. iii., p. 20.).--In Hampshire, to this day, we always kill +May kittens. + +CX. + +_Mottos on Warming-Pans and Garters._--It seems to have been much the +custom, about two centuries ago, to engrave more or less elaborately the +brass lids of warming-pans with different devices, such as armorial +bearings, &c., in the centre, and with an inscription or a motto +surrounding the device. A friend of the writer has in his possession three +such lids of warming-pans, one of which has engraven on the centre a hart +passant, and above his back a shield, bearing the arms of Devereux, the +whole surrounded by this inscription:-- + + "THE . EARLE . OF . ESSEX . HIS . ARMES." + +Another bears the arms of the commonwealth, (as seen on the coins of the +Protectorate,) encircled with an inscription, thus:-- + + "ENGLANDS . STATS . ARMES." + +The third bears a talbot passant, with the date above its back, 1646, and +the motto round:-- + + "IN . GOD . IS . ALL . MY . TRUST." + +It appears to me that the first two, at least, belonged to _inns_, known by +the respective signs indicated by the mottos, &c.; the first probably in +honour of the Lord-General of the Parliament's army, who was the last +Devereux bearing the title. + +That last described affords a curious illustration of a passage cited in +Ellis's _Brand_ (ed. 1849, vol. i. p. 245.), from _The Welsh Levite tossed +in a Blanket_, 1691. + + "Our _garters_, bellows, and _warming-pans_ wore godly mottos," &c. + +In further illustration, I may mention that the owner of the warming-pans +has in his possession likewise a beautifully manufactured long silk +_garter_, of perhaps about the same date, in which are woven the following +words:-- + + "LOVE . NOT . THE . WORLD . IN . WHICH . THOU . MUST . NOT . STAY. + BUT . LOVE . THE . TREASURE . THAT . ABIDES . ALWAY." + +H. G. T. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON JESSE'S "LONDON AND ITS CELEBRITIES." + +During my perusal of Mr. Jesse's pleasant volumes, I marked two or three +slips of the pen, which it may not be amiss to make a note of. + +In vol. i. pp. 403, 404, 405., there is a curious treble error regarding +Thomas Sutton, the munificent founder of the Charter House. He is +successively styled _Sir_ Thomas, _Sir Richard_, and _Sir Robert_. Sutton's +Christian name was Thomas. He was never knighted. Of the quaint leaden case +which incloses his remains, and of its simple inscription, an accurate +drawing, with accompanying particulars, by your able correspondent Mr. E. +B. PRICE, was inserted in the _Gent. Mag._ for January, 1843, p. 43. The +inscription runs thus: "1611. THOMAS SUTTON, ESQUIAR." + +Vol. ii. pp. 34, 35, 36. Mr. Jesse's ingenious suggestions relative to the +tradition of the burial of Oliver Cromwell in Red Lion Square, merit the +careful attention of all London antiquaries. + +Ib. p. 316.: + + "There is no evidence of Clement's Inn having been a Court of Law + previous to 1486." + +For "a court of law," read "an inn of court." {85} + +Ib. p. 339. Erratum, line 9, in reference to Mrs. Garrick's reopening of +her house, for the first time after her husband's decease--for "1701" read +"1781," obviously a printer's error. + +Ib. p. 423.: + + "Cranmer's successor in the see of Canterbury was Archbishop Whitgift." + +Whitgift was _Grindal's_ successor, and Grindal was preceded by Parker, who +must be deemed Cranmer's successor. Cranmer perished in 1556. Parker was +made archbishop in 1559. + +Mr. Jesse will not be angry, I am sure, with the above notes, or need any +apology for an attempt to add to the value of his book. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club, Jan. 10. 1851. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Verstegan.--A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Antiquities, +concerning the most noble and renowned English Nation. By the Study and +Travel of Richard Verstegan._--There is something so sonorous and stately +in the very sound of the title of Master Richard Verstegan's etymological +treatise, that any bibliographical notice of it, I am sure, will find a +corner in "NOTES AND QUERIES." The following MS. note is on a fly-leaf of +my copy, A.D. 1655:-- + + "The first edition was printed at Antwerp, in 1605. A full account of + this work is given in Oldys's _British Librarian_, pp. 299 312. It + concludes with suggestions for improving any future editions: namely, + to add those animadversions, in their proper places, which have been + since occasionally made on some mistakes in it; as those made by Mr. + Sheringham on his fancy of the _Vitae_ being the ancient inhabitants of + the Isle of Wight, &c. But more especially should be admitted the + corrections of the learned Mr. Somner, he having left large marginal + notes upon Verstegan's whole book, as we are informed by Bishop + Kennett, the late accurate author of his Life. This advice has never + been acted upon." + +To this is subjoined a notice of Verstegan's _Poems_. + + "There is a thin 12mo. volume of _Poems_ by Richard Verstegan, of which + only one perfect copy is known. Dr Farmer had it; then a Mr. Lloyd, who + disposed of it, when it sold for 22l. 1s. Mr. Faber now has it. Another + copy, completed by MS., had belonged to T. Park, which was sold at + Sotheby's, March 11. 1821, for 1l. 19s., and bought by Triphook." + +J. YEOWELL. + +Hoxton. + +_George Herbert and the Church at Leighton Bromswold.--Little +Gidding._--Some of your readers may not be aware that George Herbert built +the church of Leighton Bromswold, Hunts as well as that of Bemerton. The +church stands about three-quarters of a mile to the right of the road from +Huntingdon to Thrapston, and a view of it is given in Zouch's 4to. edition +of Isaac Walton's _Lives_; it is stated, in a note, to be near Spalding, +for which read _Spaldwick_. Herbert desired the pulpit and reading-desk to +be placed on opposite sides of the church, and of the same height; to show +that "preaching ought not to be esteemed above praying, nor praying above +preaching." + +Query, What is the state of the interior _now_, as to pews, &c.? + +The nuns, if I may so call them, in the monastery at Little Gidding, Hunts, +employed themselves in covering or in ornamenting the covers of books, in +patterns, with silver and coloured-silk threads: a friend of mine in Surrey +has a small volume so ornamented by them. + +E. H. + +Norwich, Jan. 20. + +_Etymology of Kobold._--At page 239. of Mr. Bohn's edition of Keightley's +_Fairy Mythology_, we find that Mr. K., after heading a chapter with +"Kobolds," says in a note:-- + + "This word is usually derived from the Greek [Greek: kobalos], a knave, + _but as this is only found in lexicographers_, it may in reality be a + Teutonic word in a Greek form." + +Surely, Mr. Keightley has forgotten the following passages-- + +1. Ar. Equites, 450. Dindf. [Conf. Ranae, 1015.] + + "[Greek: KLEON: KOBALOS ei.] + [Greek: ALL. panourgos ei.]" + +2. Ejusdem fab., 635.: + + "[Greek: Bereschethoi te kai KOBALOI kai Mothon.]" + +3. Plutus, 279.: + + "[Greek: hos mothon ei te kai phusei KOBALOS.]" + +4. Aristotle, _H. A._ 8. 12. 12. [Bekker Oxon.] says of a bird, + + "[Greek: kobalos kai mimetes.]" + +In the 2nd passage Liddell and Scott call [Greek: kobaloi] "_mischievous +goblins_," which is exactly equivalent to "kobolds." + +The word is also used adjectively for "knavish tricks," "rogueries." + +See _Equites_, 419.: + + "[Greek: Kai, ne Di', alla g' esti mou kobala paidos ontos.]" + +Ranae, 104:-- + + "[Greek: he men kobala g' estin, hos kai soi dokei.]" + +In _Equites_, 332. we find [Greek: kobalikeumata], "the tricks of a [Greek: +kobalos]." + +P. J. F. GANTILLON. + +_Judas Cup_ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the _Ancient Monuments, Rites, and +Customs of Durham_, published by the Surtees Society, we have the following +account of "Judas Cup" in the refectory, which is described as-- + + "A goodly great mazer, called Judas Cup, edged about {86} with silver + and double gilt, with a foot underneath it to stand on, of silver and + double gilt, which was never used but on Maunday Thursday at night in + the Frater House, where the prior and the whole convent did meet and + keep their Maunday." (p. 68.) + +I send this with reference to the mention of the "Judas Bell" and "Judas +Candle" in your 2nd Volume, p. 298. + +ECHO. + +_Essheholt Priory._--Esholt Hall (now in the possession of W. R. C. +Stansfield, Esq.) is the same as the ancient priory of Essheholt, which was +under the abbot of Kirkstall. + +This priory fell, of course, with the smaller houses, and was valued at +19l. 0s. 8d. Essheholt remained in the crown till the first year of Edward +VI., nine years after the dissolution, when it was granted to Henry +Thompson, Gent., one of the king's gens-d'armes at Boulogne. In this family +the priory of Esholt remained somewhat more than a century, when it was +transferred to the neighbouring and more distinguished house of Calverley +by the marriage of Frances, daughter and heiress of H. Thompson, Esq., with +Sir Walter Calverley. His son, Sir Walter Calverley, Bart., built, on the +site of the old priory, the house which now stands. + +Over a door of one of the out-buildings is an inscription in ancient +letters, from which may be traced--"Aleisbet. Pudaci, p----," with a bird +sitting on the last letter p. (Elizabeth Pudsay, prioress). + +The builder of the present house died in 1749; and, in 1755, his son of the +same name sold the manor-house and furniture to Robert Stansfield, Esq., of +Bradford; from whom the present owner is descended.[1] + +CHAS. W. MARKHAM. + +Jan. 10. 1851. + +[Footnote 1: Thoresby's _History of Leeds_.] + +_Crossing Rivers on Skins_ (Vol. iii., p. 3.).--Mr. C. M. G., a near +relative of mine, who lately returned from naval service on the Indus, told +me, last year, that he had often seen there naked natives employed in +fishing. The man, with his fishing-tackle, launches himself on the water, +sustained by a large hollow earthen vessel having a round protuberant +opening on one side. To this opening the fisherman applies his abdomen, so +as to close the vessel against the influx of water; and clinging to this +air-filled buoy, floats about quite unconcernedly, and plies his +fishing-tackle with great success. The analogy between this Oriental buoy +and the inflated skins mentioned by Layard and by your correspondent JANUS +DOUSA, is sufficiently remarkable to deserve a note. + +G. F. G. + +Edinburgh. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. + +(_Continued from_ Vol. ii., p. 493.) + +(31.) P. H. F. (Vol. iii., pp. 24, 25.) has described a 12mo., or rather an +8vo., copy of Latin Psalter in his possession, and he wishes to know +whether Montanus had any connexion with one of the translations therein +exhibited. The title-page of your correspondent's volume will tell him +precisely what the book contains. He had better not rely too much upon MS. +remarks in any of his treasures; and when a bibliographical question is +being investigated, let _Cyclopaedias_ by all means not be disturbed from +their shelves. Would it not be truly marvellous if a volume, printed by +Robert Stephens in 1556, could in that year have presented, by prolepsis, +to its precocious owner a version which Bened. Arias Montanus did not +execute until 1571? But P. H. F.'s communication excites another query. He +appears to set a special value upon his Psalter because that the verses are +in it distinguished by cyphers; but Pagnini's whole Bible, which I spoke +of, came thirty years before it, and we have still to go nearly twenty +years farther back in search of the earliest example of the employment of +Arabic figures to mark the verses in the Book of Psalms. The _Quincuplex +Psalterium_, by Jacques le Fevre, is a most beautiful book, perhaps the +finest production of the press of Henry Stephens the elder; and not only +are the verses numbered in the copy before me, which is of the improved +"secunda emissio" in 1513, but the initial letters of them are in red. At +signature A iiij. there is a very handsome woodcut of the letter A., +somewhat of a different style, from the larger (not the Ascensian) P., +within the periphery of which St. Paul is represented, and which is so well +worthy of notice in Le Fevre's edition of the _Epistole diui Pauli +Apostoli_, Paris, 1517. The inquiry toward which I have been travelling is +this, When did Henry Stephens first make use of the open Ratdoltian letter +on dotted ground? (See Maitland's _Lambeth List_, p. 328. Dibdin's _Typog. +Antiq._ vol. i., Prel. Disquis., p. xl.) + +(32.) Is there extant any collation of the various exemplars of the +_Alphabetum divini Amoris_? And has an incontrovertible opinion been formed +as to the paternity of this tract? For the common error of ascribing it to +Gerson is entirely inexcusable, as this Parisian chancellor is frequently +alleged therein. The third volume of his works, set forth by Du Pin, in +1706, contains this "Treatise of the Elevation of the Soul to God," and the +editor has left the blunder uncorrected in his _Eccles. Hist._ iii. 53. +Again, can it be affirmed that the folio impression of Louvain, (Panzer, +ix. 243.), in which Gerson's name occurs, was assuredly anterior to the +small black-letter and {87} anonymous editions, likewise without dates? Two +of the latter (one much older than the other) are of 12mo. size, in 8vo., +as is also Bonaventura's _Stimulus divini Amoris_, printed in 1510 and +1517. + +(33.) In what way can we detect the propounder of the _Notabilis expositio +super canonem misse_? His work is of small folio size without mention of +place or year; but it certainly proceeded from Nuremberg, and was it not +one of the _primitiae_ of Creusner? + +(34.) Who is designated by the letters "G. N. N. D.," which are put at the +head of the Epistle to Zuinglius, _De Magistris nostris Lovaniensibus, quot +et quales sint_? And why has the _Vita S. Nicolai, sive Stultitiae +Exemplar_, originally attached to this performance, been omitted by Dr. +Muench in his edition of the _Epistolae obscurorum Vivorum, aliaque aevi +decimi sexti Monimenta rarissima_, Leipzig, 1827? If he had reprinted this +very desirable appendix, it would have furnished him with the date "Anno +M.D.XX.," which would have prevented him from assigning this satirical +composition to the year "1521." (Einl. p. 408.) + +(35.) A student can scarcely be considered moderately well versed in +ancient ecclesiastical documents who has neither read nor heard of the +_Somnium Viridarii_; and we may wonder at, and pity, the learned Goldast, +for having fallen into the extravagant mistake of attributing this Latin +translation of the celebrated Dialogue, _Le Songe du Verger_, to +"Philotheus Achillinus, Consiliarius Regius." (_Monarch. S. Rom. Imper_. i. +58. Hanov. 1612.) The question arises, How was he misled? Was it not +through a strange misconception of a sentence in the _Silva Nuptialis_ of +Nevizan, to which he refers in his preliminary "Dissertatio de Auctoribus?" +This writer, who has been plentifully purified by the Roman _Index_, had +cited the preface of an Italian poem, "Il Viridario," composed by his +contemporary, Giovanni FILOTEO ACHILLINI; and is it thus that an author of +the sixteenth century has got credit for an anonymous achievement of the +fourteenth age? Goldastus has hardly been out-Heroded by those who have +devised an individual named _Viridarius_, or "Le Sieur _du Vergier_." (See +Baillet, _Deguisemens des Auteurs_, p. 479., and M. De la Monnoye's note, +pp. 501-2.) + +(36.) Is there not a transpositional misprint in the colophon of the old +German _Life of S. Dorothea_, the so-called patroness of Prussia? For it +would seem to be inevitable that we should endeavour to elicit 1492, and +not 1512, from the following date: "Den Dingstag nach Gregory als man +tzelete, M.CCCC. unde cxii." (Vid. Lilienthal, _Histor. B. Doroth_. p. 6. +Dantisc., 1744.) + +(37.):-- + + "The Original Manuscript of both volumes of this History will be + deposited in the Cotton Library, by + + "T. BURNETT." + +Has this declaration been inserted, in the handwriting of Thomas Burnet, on +the reverse of the title-page of the second volume, in all large-paper +copies (and is it strictly limited to them?) of Bishop Burnet's _History of +his own Time_, Lond., 1734? Compare the printed "Advertisement to the +Reader" in the first volume, published in 1724. + +(38.) Mr. T. R. Hampson, the author of _Medii AEvi Kalendarium_, which has, +I believe, been commended in "NOTES AND QUERIES," informs us, in a precious +production which he has lately issued on the _Religious Deceptions of the +Church of Rome_, p. 30., that-- + + "Dr. Geddes, himself a learned Romanist, has selected many [remarkable + errors] in his tract, _A Discovery of some Gross Mistakes in the Roman + Martyrology_." + +Only fancy a Romanist, learned or unlearned, having the effrontery to +bestow so outrageous an appellation upon such an exploit. Does not the +second volume of _Miscellaneous Tracts_, in which the said treatise may be +seen, explicitly admonish us to remember that Michael Geddes, LL.D., was +erst a chancellor of the Church of Sarum? "Quid Romae faciam?" he +upbraidingly asks in one of his title-pages, "mentiri nescio." + +R. G. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Bishops' Lands_.--In the month of September, 1642, the Parliament +appointed a committee for the sale of Bishops' lands; and an account of +some sold between 1647 and 1651, will be found in vol. i. of the +_Collectanea Topographica_, 8vo., 1834. On the Restoration, a committee sat +to inquire into these sales and make satisfaction. Bishop Kennet refers to +a MS. containing the orders of the commissioners, but does not state where +the MS. was deposited; nor has Sir Frederic Madden, who communicated that +article to the _Collectanea_, met with it anywhere. + +Can any of your correspondents give any information upon the subject, or +say where may be found any accounts of the sales of the lands under the +parliamentary orders, or of the proceedings of the commissioners appointed +to make restitution upon the king's restoration? + +G. + +_The Barons of Hugh Lupus_.--It appears by the charter foundation to the +abbey of St. Werburge at Chester, that several very eminent persons held +the rank of Baron, under Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester. The charter is signed +by the earl himself and by the following barons: Richard, son of Hugh +Lupus; Hervey, Bishop of Bangor; Ranulph de Meschines, nephew of the earl; +Roger Bigod, Alan de Perci, William Constabular, Ranulph Dapifer, William +Malbanc, Robert Fitz-Hugh, Hugh Fitz-Norman, Hamo de Masci, and Bigod de +Loges. {88} + +Can any of your readers inform us what befel the families and descendants +of William Malbanc, and Bigod de Loges? The descendants of the rest are too +well authenticated to need inquiry. + +P. + +_Can the Queen make a Gentleman?_--The following is from the Patent Rolls +(13 Ric. II. pars. 1. m. 37. Prynne's _Fourth Institutes_, p. 68.):-- + + "Le Roy a tous ceux as queux cestes Lettres viendrount. Sachez qe come + un Chivalier Fraunceys, a ceo qe nous Soums enformez, ad chalenge un + nostre Liege, Johan de Kyngeston, a faire certeinez faitz et pointz + darmes oveske le dit Chivalier. Nous a fyn qe le dit nostre liege soit + le multz honerablement resceuz a faire puisse et perfourmir les ditz + faitz et pointz d'armes _luy avons resceux en lestat de Gentile homme, + et luy fait Esquier_. Et volons, qil soit conuz par armes, et porte + desore enavant, Cestassavoir d'argent ove une, chapewe Dazure ovesque + une plume Dostrich de goules. Et ceo a tous yeaux as queux y appertient + nous notifions pu ycelles. En tesmoignance de quelle chose nous avons + fait faire cestes noz lettres patentes. Done souz nostre grant Seal a + nostre Paleys de Westm. le primer jour de Juyll. + + "Par brief de Prive Seal." + +H. WITHAM. + +_Plafery_.--In Carew's masque of _Coelum Britannicum_, acted before the +court at Whitehall, the 18th of February, 1633; Momus, arriving from +Olympus immediately after Mercury, says to him-- + + "The hosts upon the highway cry out with open mouth upon you, for + supporting _plafery_ in your train; which, though, as you are the god + of petty larceny, you might protect, yet you know it is directly + _against the new orders_, and oppose the reformation in diameter." + +What is _plafery_? It is evident that the joking allusion to it was rather +bold, for Mercury exclaims,-- + + "Peace, railer, bridle your licentious tongue, + And let this presence teach you modesty." + +B. R. I. + +_St. John's Bridge Fair._--In what county in England was St. John's Bridge +Fair held in the year 1614, and in what town in the county? + +JOSEPHUS. + +_Queries on Costume._--In Wilson's _Life of De Foe_ there is an anecdote of +Charles II. concealing himself, when a fugitive from Worcester, beneath a +lady's hoop, while his pursuers searched the house in which he had taken +refuge. Were hoops worn so early as the year 1651? In the _Book of Costume_ +I find no mention of them before the beginning of the eighteenth century; +but I do not think this circumstance conclusive, as the "Lady of Rank" is +not always very accurate. + +Writing in the reign of Anne, she says, "Fans were now very much used," but +omits to mention that they were in fashion long before, having been +indispensable to Catherine of Braganza and her ladies at home and abroad, +in the church and the theatre. + +"Long gloves," says the Lady of Rank, "began to be worn by the ladies in +this reign." (Queen Anne's). + +"Twelve dozen Martial,[2] whole and half," says Evelyn:--were not _whole_ +Martial gloves, long? + +WEDSECNARF. + +[Footnote 2: "_Martial._--The name of a famous French perfumer, emulating +the Frangipani of Rome."--_Miscellaneous Writings of John Evelyn_, pp. 705. +711. 4to. edit. 1825.] + +_Cum Grano Salis._--Sometime ago I asked from what figure is borrowed the +expression of "Cum grano salis," and have had no reply. I can't find it in +Erasmus. Once a very clever Cambridge man said that it meant "the thing +must be swallowed with a little Attic salt to make it go down pleasantly." +I don't think that he was right. + +E. H. + +_Earl of Clarendon's Daughter, Lucretia._--I should be very glad to learn +whether the great Earl of Clarendon had a daughter named Lucretia. A friend +of mine is descended from Dr. Marsh, archbishop of Armagh, who (it is said) +married Lucretia, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, and was the father of +Lucretia, wife of Dr. McNeil, Dean of Down and Connor. + +WEDSECNARF. + +_Vandyke's Portrait of Lord Aubigny._--Can any of your correspondents give +any information respecting a portrait, by Vandyke, of George Lord Aubigny, +brother to the Duke of Richmond and Lennox? There is no doubt that such a +picture once existed. + +L. + +_Foundation Stone of St. Mark's, Venice._--In vol. xxvi. of the +_Archaeologia_ is a paper by the late Mr. Douce, "On the foundation stone of +the original church of St. Mark, at Venice," &c., accompanied by an +engraving of the mutilated object itself, which also appears to have been +submitted to the inspection of the Society of Antiquaries at the time the +paper was read. The essay contains, in reality, very little information +relating to the stone, and that little is of no very satisfactory kind; and +I have never been able to divest myself of the idea that it bears somewhat +the semblance of a hoax. Were I inclined to discuss the points which have +suggested this notion, the necessity there is for brevity in corresponding +with the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" would preclude my doing it; but I +must quote the following passage, which comes immediately after the +statement that the original church, in the foundation of which this stone +was deposited, was destroyed in 976. + + "It is very possible that, in clearing away the rubbish of the old + church, the original foundation stone was discovered, and, in some way + or other, at present not traceable, preserved." + +{89} If the fact is so, this stone, "of a circular form, the diameter six +inches and a quarter, its thickness half an inch," must have been loose in +the world for 858 years from its exhumation to 1834, when Mr. Douce's essay +was read, and during that time has lost only the least important part of +its inscription and ornaments. + +Can any one say where this stone now is? When and where Mr. Douce obtained +it? And, I must add, what history was attached to it when in his +possession? for he was not a person likely to possess such an object +without, at least, endeavouring to trace its history. On these points the +essay contains not a word. + +H. C. R. + +_Coins of Richard Cromwell_.--Will any of your numismatical readers inform +me whether there are any coins or medals known of Richard Cromwell, either +during his chancellorship of Oxford, or his short protectorate of these +realms? + +BLOWER. + +_Cataracts of the Nile_.--Seneca (_Nat. Quaest._ iv. 2.) tells a story of +the natives suffering themselves to be carried down in sport, which Rollin +says is confirmed by modern travellers; but can this be so? Can any one +give the names of any of these travellers, and supply the blank thus left +by the historian? + +S. G. + +_Paternoster Tackling.--Dancing Trenchmore._--What is the origin and +meaning of this term? also of the phrase "Dancing Trenchmore?" + +S. G. + +_Hymns_.--Will some of your correspondents favour me with a copy of "Queen +Mary's Lament," a translation of which appeared in Coxe's delightful +_Christian Ballads_. Also Adam of St. Victor's "exquisite poem" on the +Cross, referred to by Mr. Trench in his _Sacred Latin Poetry_? + +JARLTZBERG. + +_Camden and Curwen Families._--Camden, in his _Britannia_, art. +"Cumberland," mentions his descent, by the mother's side, from the Curwens +of Workington. Should any of your numerous correspondents be able to trace +their descent, he would much oblige a member of that family. + +H. C. + +_Jartuare._--Can any of your readers oblige me with any account of a +printed book called _Jartuare?_ Its date would be early in the sixteenth +century, if not earlier. + +W.(1.) + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +JOHN BUNYAN AND HIS PORTRAIT.--DID BUNYAN KNOW HOBBES? + +(Vol. ii., pp. 476. 518.; Vol. iii., p. 70.) + +The best portrait of John Bunyan was drawn and engraved by White, to the +_Holy War_, 1682. The original drawing, and a fine impression of the +engraving, is preserved in the illustrated Grainger's _History of England_, +in the print-room at the British Museum. It was copied in folio for +Bunyan's _Works_. It has been recently copied for Mr. Bogue's elegant +edition of the _Pilgrim_, and for the first complete edition of Bunyan's +_Works_, now publishing by Messrs. Blackie and Sons, Glasgow. A fac-simile +was engraved for an edition of the _Pilgrim_, by Mr. Pickering, 8vo. 1849. + +That the great allegorist was not the author of _Heart's Ease_ in _Heart +Trouble_ is perfectly clear, not only that the style is very different, but +from the author being known. It was first published in 1690, under the +initials of J. B., and the Epistle is dated "From the house of my +pilgrimage, March, 1690." Bunyan died in August, 1688. Mr. Palmer, in his +_Calamy_, vol. ii. p.16., states that the author was James Birdwood. + +Whether Bunyan was acquainted with Hobbes depends upon the authority of a +small volume of _Visions of Heaven and Hell_, published under the name of +Bunyan. In this it is represented that he saw poor Hobbes in hell, and +recognised an old acquaintance. + +The earliest edition of _The Visions_ which I have been able to discover, +is at "London: printed for Edward Midwinter, at the Looking Glass upon +London Bridge, price, bound, one shilling;" without date. It was printed +early in the reign of George I.; this is seen in an advertisement of books +at the end, among which is _The Lives of the Monarchs of England to his +present Majesty King George_. It is entitled, _The Visions of John Bunyan, +being his last remains_. There is no account of either of this, or the +_Heart's Ease_, in _The Struggler for the Preservation of Mr. John Bunyan's +Labours_. This gives a list of forty-three works published by him, and of +seventeen left by him at his decease for publication. If _The Visions_ were +written by him, it must have escaped the search of his widow and surviving +friends; but the style at once proves that it was not a production of his +prolific pen. Bunyan's style was remarkably simple and plain. The following +phrases extracted from _The Visions_ will carry conviction to every +reader:-- + + "Mormo's of a future state," "metempsychosis of nature," "nefandous + villanies," "diurnal and annual," "my visive faculty," + "soul-transparent and diaphonous," "translucid ray," "terrene + enjoyments," "our minds are clarified," "types both of the ante and + post-diluvian world," "the tenuity thereof," "the aereal heavens," + "effluxes of divine glory," "all aenigmas," "corruscations of his divine + nature," "Solomon's mystick epithalamium," "the epiphonema," + "propinquity in nature," "diversified refractions," "too bright and too + diaphonous," "sweet odes and eniphalamics," "amarantine crown," "bright + corruscancy," "palinodies and elegies," "no cataplasm," "eccentricks + quite exterminate," "mutual assassinates," &c. &c. + +Such phrases and terms plain John Bunyan utterly despised. They prove, as +does the whole plan of the treatise, that it must have been a very +different man to the author of the _Pilgrim's Progress_ who wrote these +_Visions_. + +{90} It is not likely that Hobbes and Bunyan were acquainted; they lived in +distant parts of the country. Bunyan's _Pilgrim_, which was the foundation +of his wide-spread fame, was not published till 1678, when the Leviathan +philosopher was ninety years of age; he died in 1679. Hobbes' company were +the learned and illustrious among men,--the Des Carteses, Gassendis, and +Wallises of his age; while Bunyan associated with the despised +Nonconformists. Nor is is likely that Bunyan read the _Leviathan_; Dent's +_Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven, The Practice of Piety_, Fox's _Martyrs_, +and, above all, his Bible, constituted his library during his imprisonment +for conscience-sake, which lasted from 1660 to 1672. Had he suffered from +Hobbes's philosophy, he would have proclaimed it upon the house-tops, +especially in his _Grace Abounding_, that others might have been guarded +from such dangerous scepticism. The _Vision_ of Hobbes was doubtless +intended to render the forgery more popular. + +GEORGE OFFOR. + +Hackney, Jan. 1851. + + * * * * * + +THE MOTHER CHURCH OF THE SAXONS. + +In "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 478.) SIR HENRY ELLIS observes, that-- + + "Although St. Martin's, Canterbury, is commonly called the mother + church of England on account of its having been the first used here by + Augustine, tradition represents, that when this missionary arrived in + Kent, he found an ancient church on the site of what is now called St. + Martin's." + +SIR H. ELLIS adds, that-- + + "A charter of King Canute's styles Saviour's church, Canterbury, the + mother and mistress of all churches in the kingdom of + England."-_AEcclesia Salvatoris_, &c. + +I conceive these accounts to be perfectly reconcilable. From Bede's +_Ecclesiastical History_ (b. i., caps. 25, 26.), we learn that, on the east +side of Canterbury, in the year 597, there was a church dedicated to the +honour of St. Martin, that was "built while the Romans were still in the +island," some two hundred years before this date. St. Martin's was the +church wherein Bertha, Queen of Kent, used to pray; she having been a +Christian of the Royal Family of the Franks. + +It will, of course, be allowed that during the sixth, seventh, and eighth +centuries, different saints were held in especial honour in different +countries. For instance, not long after the arrival of the Roman +missionaries in England, various churches and monasteries,--at Canterbury, +Lindisfarne, Bamborough, Lichfield, Weremouth, and Jarrow, and the capital +city of the Picts,--were wholly or partially named after St. Peter. When +Naitan, King of the Picts, was about to build his church, he sought the +assistance of the Abbot of Weremouth, a strong supporter of Roman +observances, and "promised to dedicate the same in honour of St. Peter," +and to follow the custom of the Roman church, in certain matters, which the +subjects of his kingdom had protested against, for more than a hundred +years. + +Now, on the occasion of Queen Bertha's leaving France, she was accompanied +to England by a bishop of her native country, named Luidhard; and when it +is remembered that they settled in Kent, amongst heathens of great +superstition,--an example of which is recorded on the part of her own +husband,--it is natural to suppose they would, in some public manner, seek +the especial protection of the popular saint of France; and that saint was +Martin. For so profound was the popular veneration which the Franks at one +period offered to the power of Saint Martin, that they even computed +ordinary occurrences and national events, by an era which commenced with +the year of his death.[3] + +It is therefore very probable that the public act of reverence just alluded +to, consisted in a new dedication of the repaired church, by adding to the +ancient name that of St. Martin. + +That a practice of altering the names of sacred edifices in this manner was +common at the date under consideration, cannot be questioned. For example, +Bishop Aidan, about the year 652, built a church in the island of +Lindisfarne, the name of which is now unknown. This structure, however, +having been destroyed by a fire, his successor, Finan, erected another on +the same site, and apparently of the same name. But when a second fire +destroyed this church also, in some five and twenty or thirty years, "a +larger church" was erected on the old site, and gratefully "dedicated in +honour of St. Peter," by Theodore of Roman appointment, "the first +archbishop whom all the English church obeyed." (_Bede_, iii. 17. and 25., +and iv. 2.) Here, then, a new name was given to a church on the site of a +former one of different appellation; and in Lichfield, we have two examples +of similar alterations in the names of churches; one St. Chad's Church, +Stow, and the other, the cathedral. On the site of the former, according to +Bede, Bishop Chad built a St. Mary's Church, hard by which he was buried; +"but afterwards, when the church of the most holy prince of the apostles, +Peter, was built, his bones were translated into it." (_Ecc. History_, iv. +3.) That is to say, when Chad was canonised, his remains were removed to +the site of the present cathedral, as relics over which the principal +church of the Mercian kingdom was to be erected. + +Throughout the various documents relating to this church, which are +preserved in Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol. iii. pp. 219-255, Savoy edition, +{91} the cathedral is generally styled the church of St. Mary and St. Chad. +And again, on a recently discovered seal of the dean and chapter, engraved +some two hundred years after Stephen's reign, the inscription is this: + + "S' DECANI ET CAPL'I ECCLE'IE SCE MARIE ET SCI CEDDE LYCHFELD' AD + CAS."[4] + +But in a grant from King Stephen to Bishop Roger de Clinton, who commenced +the present fabric, it is simply styled _ecclesia Sancti Ceddae de +Lichfield_; and in the year 1341 a document was addressed _Decano et +Capitulo ecclesiae Sancti Ceddae Lych'_, as may be learned from the +_Foedera_, vol. ii. p. 2. + +We thus perceive, that the original name of Lichfield Cathedral has been +dropped for centuries, and so has that of the church which Bishop Chad +built in honour of the Virgin Mary at Stow; for this Church has, for a long +time, been known only by the name of Stow Church, or by that of St. Chad's, +Stow. + +And in this manner, I fancy, may be reconciled the different names of +Saviour's, or St. Saviour's, Canterbury, and St. Martin's, Canterbury; both +alluding to the same church, THE MOTHER CHURCH of _Saxon_ England. + +J. RAWSON, M.D. + +Lichfield. + +[Footnote 3: See Brady's _Clavis Calendaria_, November 12.] + +[Footnote 4: See the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for August 1848; in which an +accurate representation of this seal is given.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_The Frozen Horn_ (Vol. ii., p. 262.; Vol. iii., p. 25.).--In an old +edition of _Hudibras_ now before me, I find the following note on the lines +quoted by J. M. G.:-- + + "Some report that in Nova Zembla and Greenland men's words are wont to + be frozen in the air, and at the thaw may be heard." + +The application of the idea by Charles Dickens, in his _Old Curiosity +Shop_, is also, I think, extremely felicitous. + + "'Don't be frightened, mistress,' said Quilp, after a pause. 'Your son + knows me: I don't eat babies; I don't like 'em. It will be as well to + stop that young screamer though, in case I should be tempted to do him + a mischief. Holloa, Sir! will you be quiet?' _Little Jacob stemmed the + course of two tears which he was squeezing out of his eyes, and + instantly subsided into a silent horror.... The moment their_ [Quilp + and Swiveller] _backs were turned, little Jacob thawed, and resumed his + crying from the point where Quilp had frozen him._"--Vol. i. pp. 207-9. + +J. B. COLMAN. + +_To Pose._--In Vol. ii., p. 522., your correspondent F. R. A. points out +some passages in which the word "posing" appears to be used in a sense +equivalent to "parsing." Neither the etymology nor the exact meaning of the +word "to pose," are easy to determine. It seems to be abbreviated from the +old verb "to appose;" which meant, to set a task, to subject to an +examination or interrogatory; and hence to perplex, to embarrass, to +puzzle. The latter is the common meaning of the word _to pose_; thus in +Crabbe's _Parish Register_:-- + + "Then by what name th' unwelcome guest to call, + Was long a question, and _it posed them all_." + +Hence, too, the common expression, that a question which it is difficult to +answer, or an argument which seems to decide the controversy, is a _poser_. +The word "posing" in the passages cited by F. R. A. may refer to the +examination of the pupil by the teacher of grammar. Thus, Fuller, in his +_Worthies_, art. Norfolk, says that-- + + "The University appointed Dr. Cranmer, afterwards Archbishop of + Canterbury, to be the _poser-general_ of all candidates in divinity." + +Roquefort, _Gloss. de la Langue Romaine_, has "apponer, appliquer, poser, +plaier." See Richardson in _appose_ and _pose_. + +L. + +_Culprits torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 480.).--In reply to MR. JACKSON'S +question respecting culprits torn by horses, I beg to inform him that +Robert Francois Damiens was the last criminal thus executed in France. He +suffered on the 28th March, 1757, for an attempt on the life of Louis XV. +The awful penalty of the law was carried out in complete conformity with +the savage precedents of former centuries. Not one of the preparatory +barbarities of question, ordinary and extraordinary, or of the accompanying +atrocities of red-hot pincers, melted lead, and boiling oil, was omitted. +The agony of the wretched man lasted for an hour and a half, and was +witnessed, as Mercier informs us, by all the best company in Paris. + +The men amused their leisure with cards, while waiting, as he says, for the +boiling oil; and the women were the last to turn their eyes from the +hideous spectacle. Your correspondent may be glad to be informed that the +same punishment was inflicted on Poltrot de Mere for the murder of the Duke +of Guise, in 1563; on Salcede, in 1582, for conspiring against the Duke of +Alencon; on Brilland, in 1588, for poisoning the Prince de Conde; on +Bourgoing, Prior of the Jacobins, as an accessory to the crime of Jaques +Clement, in 1590; and on Ravaillac, for the murder of Henry IV. in 1610. +These, with the case of Jean Chastel, are all of which I am aware. If any +of your readers can add to the list, I shall feel obliged. + +As I am upon the subject of judicial horrors, I would ask, whether any of +your correspondents can supply me with a reference to the case of a {92} +woman executed, I think in Paris, and, if my recollection serves, for a +systematic series of infanticides. + +She was put to death by being suspended over a fire in an iron cage, in +which a number of wild cats were shut up with her. + +I read the story many years ago, and for some time have been vainly +endeavouring to recover it. + +J. S. + +_Torn by Horses_ (Vol. ii., p. 522.).--This cruel mode of execution was +practised both in antiquity and the middle ages. Livy, speaking of Tullus +Hostilius, says:-- + + "Exinde, duabus admotis quadrigis, in currus earum distentum illigat + Mettum; deinde in diversum iter equi concitati, lacerum in utroque + curru corpus, qua inhaeserant vinculis membra, portantes. Avertere omnes + a tanta foedidate spectaculi oculos."--L. i., c. 28. + +Livy adds, that this was the first and last example of so savage a +punishment among the Romans. The punishment, however, must have been +well-known in antiquity, as it is alluded to by Seneca among the tortures +which accompanied death. + + "Cogita hoc loco carcerem, et cruces, et equleos, et uncum; et adactum + per medium hominem, qui per os emergat, stipitem; _et distracta in + diversum actis curribus membra_."--Epist. xiv. 4. + +Grimm (_Deutsche Rechtsalterthuemer_, p. 692.) quotes the following instance +of this punishment from Gregory of Tours, _Hist. France_, iii. 7.: + + "Puellas crudelinece interfecerunt ita ut ligatis brachiis super + equorum cervicibus, ipsique acerrimo moti stimulo per diversa petentes + diversas in partes feminas diviserunt" + +He adds that it occurs frequently in the legends of the Carolingian period. +Thus Turpin, c. 26., describes as follows the punishment of the traitor +Gannalon:-- + + "Jussit illum Carolus quatuor equis ferocissimis totius exercitus + alligari, et super eos quatuor sessores agitantes contra quatuor plagas + coeli, et sic digna morte discerptus interiit." + +Almost all cruel punishments have been used in the East, and it is not +improbable that execution by means of horses may be mentioned in some +oriental narrative. + +L. + +_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440.).--In _Cambria Triumphans_, by Percy +Enderbie, at p. 283, will be found a copy of a deed, the conclusion of +which runs thus:-- + + "Sigilla nostra apposuimus in Castro nostro de Burgavenny vicessimo + secundo die Julii, anno regni Regis Henrici sexti, post _Conquestum_ + vicessimo septimo." + +The word is here used for the accession of the King. + +S. K. + +_Mayors--their correct Prefix_ (Vol. i., p. 380.).--Since propounding my +Query in Vol. i., p. 380., relative to this subject, I have to inform your +readers, that I have been favoured with the opinion of gentlemen very high +in official authority on all points connected with heraldry and the rules +of precedence; which is, that the proper style of the mayor of a borough is +"the worshipful;" and they are further of opinion, that there can be no +ground for styling the mayor of a city "the right worshipful." + +J. + +_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.).--On the origin of this expression, I must +claim the right to dissent from your correspondent G. F. G., who appears to +have fallen into the error of confining a form of very wide application to +one particular case, in which he discovers a trifling coincidence of fact. +The connexion of the colour blue with truth is of very ancient date, of +which the following may for the present suffice as an example:-- + + "And by hire beddes hed she made a mew + And covered it with velouettes blew, + In signe of trouth, that is in woman sene." + Chaucer, _Squiere's Tale_. + +Blue, in the early practice of the tinctorial art, appears to have been the +most humble of the colours in use, and the least affected by any external +influence; and, down to the present day, if certain tints of recent +invention be excepted, the same character may be claimed for it. What then +more natural, than that it should be taken as the type of immutability, or +that every party, political or religious, should in turn assume it as the +badge of honesty of purpose, and of firm adherence to their principles? + +F. S. Q. + +_Modum Promissionis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 279, 347, 468.).--This phrase is +perhaps connected with the promissivus modus, _i.e._ tempus promissivum or +futurum of Diomedes and other mediaeval grammarians. + +T. J. + +_Fronte capillata, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).--The representation of +"Occasio," or "Opportunity," with hair in front, and bald behind, is far +more ancient than the drama referred to by your correspondent G. A. S. + +In the _Anthologia_ (Brunck's edition, vol. ii. p. 49.) the following +beautiful epigram is the 13th by Posidippus:-- + + [Greek: Eis Agalma tou Kairou.] + [Greek: Tis, pothen ho plastes? Sikuonios. Ounoma de tis?] + [Greek: Lusippos. Su de, tis? Kairos ho pandamator.] + [Greek: Tipte d' ep' akra bebekas? Aei trochao. Ti de tarsous] + [Greek: Possin echeis diphueis? Hiptam' hupenemios.] + [Greek: Cheiri de dexiterei ti phereis xuron? Andrasi deigma] + [Greek: Hos akmes pases oxuteros teletho.] + [Greek: He de kome, ti kat' opsin? Hupantiasanti labesthai,] + [Greek: Ne Dia. Taxopithen pros ti phalakra pelei?] + [Greek: Ton gar hapax ptenoisi parathrexanta me possin] + [Greek: Ou tis eu' himeiron draxetai exopithen.] + [Greek: Tounech' ho technites se dieplasen? Heineken humeon,] + [Greek: Xeine, kai en prothurois theke dikaskalien.] + +{93} The same epigram, with an inconsiderable alteration, is given in +Bosch's _Anthologia Graeca_, vol. ii. p. 478., with a close Latin +translation by Grotius. + +The following English version of the Greek is as nearly literal as the +idioms of the two languages will allow. + + "Who is the sculptor, say, and whence? + From Sicyon. What is he + By name? Lysippus. Who art thou? + I am Opportunity. + + "Why is thy step so high and light? + I am running all the day. + Why on each foot hast thou a wing? + I fly with the winds away. + + "Why is a razor in thy hand? + More keen my edge is set. + Why hast thou hair upon thy brow? + To seize me by, when met. + + "Why is thy head then bald behind? + Because men wish in vain, + When I have run past on winged feet + To catch me e'er again. + + "Why did the artist form thee so? + To place me in this hall, + That I a lesson thus might give + To thee, friend, and to all." + +Ausonius, in the fourteenth century of the Christian era, imitates this in +his 12th epigram. + +Phaedrus (lib. v., fab. 8), in the Augustine age, speaks of the same +representation as already sanctioned by antiquity:-- + + "OCCASIO DEPICTA. + "Cursu veloci pendens in novacula, + Calvus, comosa fronte, nudo corpore; + Quem si occuparis, teneas: elapsum semel + Non ipse possit Jupiter reprehendere; + Occassionem rerum significat brevem. + Effectus impediret ne segnis mora, + Finxere antiqui talem effigiem temporis." + +T. C. + +Durham, Jan. 20. 1851. + +_Cross between a Wolf and a Hound_ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--There is no doubt +that a dog and a wolf are capable of breeding together. The fact is well +known, and has been long ascertained. See _Penny Cyclopaedia_, art. "Dog." +The only question is whether the offspring of this cross is a mule, and, +like other mules, incapable of continuing its race; or whether it is +prolific? The latter position is maintained by Mr. Bell, in his _History of +British Quadrupeds_. "The dog and wolf will readily breed together (he +says), _and their progeny is fertile_." But query, can any authentic +instance be produced of a cross between a dog and a wolf, which has +produced a prolific animal? + +L. + +Professor Thomas Bell states that the dog and wolf will readily breed with +each other, and that their progeny thus obtained will again mingle with the +dog. + +W. J. BERNARD SMITH. + +Temple, Jan. 19. 1851. + +I have read somewhere (in Kohl's _Russia_, if I mistake not) that this +cross is not uncommon in the southern portions of European Russia, but I +have not the book at hand to refer to. + +DISS. + +Your correspondent, T----N, will find this fact referred to in Sir John +Franklin's _Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea_, vol. +i., p. 268., 2nd edition, London. Murray, 1824. Lieutenant Hood says-- + + "On our way to the tent a black wolf rushed out upon an Indian, who + happened to pass its den. It was shot, and the Indians carried away + three black whelps, to improve the breed of their dogs." + +W. H. H. K. + +Drayton Beauchamp, Jan. 22. 1851. + +_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--I have seen an illuminated +MS. containing the form of prayer in use previous to the Reformation. As +far as I remember, the MS. in question must have been of the fifteenth +century. Where it may now be found I am not aware. At the time of my seeing +it, it was in the possession of Mr. Toovey of Piccadilly. + +A somewhat curious field for inquiry on this subject is opened by a passage +in Voltaire's _Siecle de Louis XIV_. Speaking of James II. touching for the +evil while in exile at the French court, he says-- + + "Soit que les Rois Anglais se soient attribue ce singulier privilege, + comme pretendans a la couronne de la France; soit que cette ceremonie + soit etablie chez eux depuis le temps du premier Edouard." + +Have we any evidence of the ceremony having been performed by any French +monarchs? I am not aware of any. + +J. SN. + +_Old Booty_ (Vol. iii, p. 40.).--In 1830 there appeared a humorous +versification, by W. T. Moncrieff, of this story, for the authenticity of +which he prudently says he cannot vouch. He furnishes a sort of account of +the affair, and of an action at the suit of Booty's widow, the records of +which, it says, are at Westminster, Jan. 2. 1687. + +Notwithstanding this apparent circumstantial account, we find in a very +entertaining anonymous work, entitled _The History of Man; or, the Wonders +of Human Nature_, 2nd edit. Edinb. 1790, 8vo., vol. i. p. 376., a similar +incident related of a Mr. Gresham, an eminent merchant of London, which +happened in the reign of Hen. VIII., the authorities for which are cited, +_Sandy's Trav._ l. 4. p. 248. _Clark's Mir._ c. 33. p. 115. + +F. R. A. + +_Breeches Bible_ (Vol. iii., p 17.).--The first edition of this Bible is +now before me. The title-page and portions of the addresses to Queen +Elizabeth and to the reader are unfortunately {94} wanting, as is also the +first leaf of Genesis. But the title of the New Testament as follows:-- + + "The Newe Testament of ovr Lord Jesus Christ [***] Conferred diligently + with the Greke, and best approued translacions in divers languages. At + Geneva: Printed by Rouland Hull. M.D.LX." + +There is a woodcut of the Egyptians pursuing the Israelites on the shore of +the Red Sea, surrounded with texts from scripture. It is a small quarto in +Roman type, and divided into verses. + +ECHO. + +_Separation of Sexes in Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.).--This custom appears to +be of considerable antiquity. Sir Thomas More, in his _Utopia_ (p. 285. of +the edition of 1639), says-- + + "When they be come thither, the men goe into the right side of the + church, and the women into the left side." + +J. SN. + +_Defender of the Faith_ (Vol. iii., p. 9.).--By a hasty perusal of the +letter of COL. ANSTRUTHER in your number of the 4th of January, I perceive +that some doubt has been raised whether any of our sovereigns have used the +title of Defender of the Faith, prior to the time of King Henry VIII. + +If you will refer to the forth part of Prynne's _Institutes_, pp. 229-30, +and 295-6-7, you will find set out at full length divers letters close and +patent from King Richard II. in the 6th, 11th, and 19th years of his reign, +for suppressing the heresies of Wickliff and his followers. These letters +are addressed to the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, William +Archbishop of Canterbury (Courtney), and to Ralfe Crombewell, Chivalier, +and John Lekyll, and the Mayor and Bailiffs of Nottingham, in which King +Richard II. styles himself thus--"Nos Zelo Fidei Catholicae, Cujus Sumus Et +Esse Volumus Defensores," &c. + +H. WITHAM. + +Lincoln Chambers, Chancery Lane, Jan. 14. 1851. + +_Epigram on Synod of Dort_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--The statement in the +_Biographie Universelle_, that this epigram was made _in England_, is +probably taken from Mosheim (_Eccl. Hist_.), who says the same; but his +authority Neal (_Hist. of the Puritans_) does not say that it was made _in +England_; and one can hardly read the sentence in which he quotes it +without feeling satisfied that he did not know _who_ made it. After stating +that the proceedings of the synod were much approved of by the English +divines, and quoting expressions of Mr. Baxter and the learned Jacobus +Capella in its favour, he proceeds-- + + "P. du Moulin, Paulus Servita, and the author of the life of Waleus, + speak the same language. But _others_ poured contempt upon the Synod, + or burlesqued their proceedings in the following lines: + + 'Dordrechti Synodus, nodus; chorus integer, aeger; + Conventus, ventus; sessio stramen. Amen.' + + Lewis du Moulin, with all the favourers of the Arminian doctrine, as + Heylin, Womeck, Brandt, &c., charge them with partiality and + unjustifiable severity." + +When a writer, in the midst of a shower of authorities, refers a particular +expression to "others," it may almost be laid down as a rule, that he does +not know whose property it is. Here, therefore, the inquiry seems brought +to a dead stop, in this tract at least. + +B. R. I. + +_Parish Register Tax_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--In our register, Hawarden, I +find the following entry: + + "October, 1783. On the 2nd of this month the Act commenced which layeth + a duty of threepence upon every Registry of a Burial, except a + _Pauper's_." + +And again: + + "Oct. 1. 1794. The duty of threepence on each Registry of Births, + Deaths, and Marriages, imposed by Act of Parliament, commencing October + 2. 1783, ceased this day." + +During this interval many burials are marked _paupers_. + +WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER. + +Hawarden, Flints. + +_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 41.).--Walker says: + + "Mr. Dugdale, in relating the same matter, adds that Rigby not only + exposed them to sale, but _found purchasers_ also; and what is more, + had actually contracted with two merchants for them; and for that + reason moved it twice (in the House, as I understand him) that they + might be disposed of." + +WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +When a work of such general reference as a Peerage, which is wanted upon +every library table, and in every club and reading-room "where men do +congregate;" which is, at the same time, from its nature, open to the +criticism of hundreds of critics,--when a work of this nature and of such +extent as _Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and +Baronetage of the British Empire_ bears on its title-page the brief but +expressive words "_Thirteenth Edition_," it has obviously long outlived the +time when any question can exist as to its merits. These have long been +recognised by those best able to appreciate them, namely, the noble +personages to whose history, and the history of whose descent and +collateral branches, it is especially devoted; and whose personal +communications have served to procure for the present work the merit by +which it seeks to distinguish itself from all similar productions, namely, +by its greater fullness of detail and its extreme accuracy. + +The Rev. A. Hussey, M.A., has in the Press _Notes on the Churches in the +Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey mentioned in Domesday Book_. +Subscribers names are received by Mr. J. Russell Smith. {95} + +Mr. M. A. Lower's translation of _The Chronicle of Battel Abbey, from the +Vow of its Foundation by the Conqueror in 1066 to the Year 1176_, will be +published in the course of the present month. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell, on Monday and Tuesday next, a very +valuable and important Collection of Classical and Historical Books, from +the Library of a Collector; and on Wednesday and two following Days, an +important portion of the valuable Library of the Right Hon. C. W. Williams +Wynn, including First and Second Folio Shakspeare, Caxton's _Golden +Legend_, and some valuable MSS., including one of the works of Robert +Rolle, the Hermit of Hampole, &c. + +_Catalogues Received_.--William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part +LI. of Second-hand English and Foreign Books on Theology, Fine Arts, and +Miscellaneous Literature; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho) +Catalogue of Books relating to Kent, Sussex, and Surrey; W. S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-fifth Catalogue of Cheap +Second-hand English Foreign and Classical Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY. + +MRS. GRANT'S LETTERS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. + +COLEBROOKE'S ESSAYS. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +SOUTHEY'S LIFE OF WESLEY (_Early Edition_.) + +CAESAR, VALPY'S DELPHIN EDITION. + +GREEK TRANSLATION OF CAESAR'S GALLIC WAR. + +VAN ESPEN, JUS ECCLESIASTICUM, 1781. + +[***] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +LOCKE. _We shall next week lay before our readers a long and most +interesting inedited Letter from Lord Shaftesbury, the author of the_ +Characteristics, _to Le Clerc, in which he gives a biographical sketch of +his friend and foster father Mr. Locke._ + +J. S. B. _The two Notes were duly forwarded. Will our correspondent enable +us to write to him._ + +C. W. B. _The very interesting little_ History of Venice _in Murray's_ +Family Library _was written by the late Rev. E. Smedley_. + +G. R. M. _The brass token in question is a weight for weighing +half-guineas; the coinage weights of which were_ 2 dwt. 163/4 gr., _and the_ +current _weights_ 2 dwt. 16 gr. + +_We have two or three favours to request of our correspondents, and we ask +them no less for their sakes than for our own. 1st. That they will be +particular in their references, and collate their extracts before sending +them to us; for they little know the loss of time and the trouble which a +neglect of these trifles occasions us. 2d. That they will forward their +separate articles as far as possible on separate papers; for several +valuable communications are now standing over, until we can find leisure to +separate and arrange for the press the different parts. 3rd. That they will +write_ as legibly as they can. + +J. S. (Brighton). _Received._ + +K. R. H. M. _The poem, beginning_, + + "Give Lucinda pearle nor stone," + +_written by Thomas Carew, or Carye, was addressed to the celebrated +Countess of Carlisle, daughter of Edward Lord Howard of Escrick, and is +printed at p. 48. of Tom Davies' edition of_ Carew's Poems (1772). + +REPLIES RECEIVED. _Umbrella--Ulm MS.--Pillgarlick--Tandem D. 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Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels_. + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +In a few days will be published, price 12s., containing nearly 400 pages +with Illustrations, handsomely bound in cloth, + +THE SUSSEX GARLAND. + +Dedicated by Permission to the Sussex Archaeological Society. + +Edited and Published by JAMES TAYLOR, Newick, Sussex. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for FEBRUARY, 1851, contains the Story of Nell +Gwyn related by PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A., Chapter II (with two +engravings); Laudism and Puseyism, a Parallel exhibiting their exact +identity; on the Poetry of Thomas Lodge, by John Payne Collier, Esq., +V.P.S.A.; Unpublished Historical Illustrations of the Reign of Henry VII., +from the Archives of the City of York; Extracts from a Pembrokeshire Diary +in 1688; Unpublished Order for supply of Night Gowns for Queen Elizabeth +and the Earl of Leicester; Pio Nono and Canon Townsend; the History of the +Roman Wall (with many engravings); the Mediaeval Exhibition of 1850 (with +engravings); Court Gossip of the Twelfth Century, from a new work by Walter +Map; the Sicilian Vespers and Amari; Junius and Lord Chesterfield, &c. &c. +With the customary Review of New Books, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary: +including Memoirs of Sir Lumley Skeffington, the Rev. 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By HERSCHELL E. +FILIPOWSKI. + +The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype places of +these Tables, (published a few months ago at 2l. 2s.,) is enabled to offer +a corrected edition at the above reduced price. + +_Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq._ + +"I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of Anti-Logarithms, +and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his proposed table of +Annuities for three lives, constructed from the Carlisle Table. + +"The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, in +extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique among +modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this being +supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without qualification. + +"The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of opinion. +I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease, as I have +found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other tables, and +particularly with other FIVE-FIGURE tables, of the same kind, will +recommend it. I desire to confine myself to testifying to the facility with +which this table can be used; comparison with other forms, as to RELATIVE +facility, being out of the question on so short a trial. + +"On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion to say +anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well aware how +much it is wanted. + +"A. DE MORGAN." + +GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet-street. + + * * * * * + + +{96} + +NOTICE. + +THE NEW EDITION OF BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1851 + +IS PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +Revised and corrected throughout to the Present Time from the Personal +Communications of the Nobility, &c. + +In 1 Vol. Royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary volumes, +with 1500 engravings of arms, &c. 38s. bound. + +"The most complete, the most convenient, and the cheapest work of the kind +ever given to the public."--_Sun_. + +Also just published, in 2 vols. 8vo., 28s. bound, + +MR. DISRAELI'S LIFE AND REIGN OF CHARLES I. + +New Edition, revised by the Author, and edited by his Son, B. DISRAELI, +M.P. + +"By far the most important work on the important age of Charles I. that +modern times have produced."--_Quarterly Review_. + +HENRY COLBURN, Publisher, 13. Great Marlborough Street. + + * * * * * + + +The important and valuable Library of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq,. F.R.S., +F.S.A. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and JOHN WILKINSON, auctioneers of literary +property and works illustrative of the fine arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at +their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on Monday, February 10, and +three following days, at 1 precisely, the valuable antiquarian, +miscellaneous, and historical LIBRARY of the late Thomas Amyot, Esq., +F.R.S., F.S.A.; comprising the first, second and fourth editions of the +works of Shakspeare, and an extensive collection of Shaksperiana; Dugdale +(W.) Monasticon Anglicanum, 3 vols., original edition; Dugdale (W.) +Monasticon Anglicanum, by Bandinel, Caley, and Ellis, 8 vols., a fine +subscription copy, in blue morocco; the Baronage of England, and other of +his works; Duchesne (A.) Historiae Normannorum Scriptores Antiqui; Guillim +(J.) Display of Heraldry, best edition; Hidgdon (R.) Polychronicon, black +letter, a rare edition, fine copy; Hollinshed (R.) 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Emigration.--Its Distribution and Importance. + 6. Lord Carlisle, and Alexander Pope. + 7. The Italian Revolution.--Mazzini and Baillie Cochrane. + 8. Hoehner on Musical Composition + 9. The Power of Romanism. + Review of the Month, &c. &c. + + * * * * * + +[***] The circulation of the ECLECTIC having increased _fourfold_, a third +Edition of the JANUARY Number is now ready, and may be had by order of any +Bookseller in town or country. + +WARD and Co, 27. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +PERIODICAL WORKS, + +_For February_, 1851. + + * * * * * + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE.--THE NATIONAL EDITION, Part VIII., containing +KING HENRY IV., Part I., with numerous Illustrations, price 1s. + +[***] This Work is published twice a month. Each PART contains a complete +Play. + +THE NATIONAL EDITION OF THE PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE is also published in +MONTHLY SECTIONS, each containing TWO PLAYS and a portion of the BIOGRAPHY +AND STUDIES. 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