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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net + + +Title: Buchanan's Journal of Man, February 1887 + Volume 1, Number 1 + +Author: Various + +Editor: Joseph Rodes Buchanan + +Release Date: August 16, 2007 [EBook #22336] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF MAN, VOL. 1, NO. 1 *** + + + + +Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + <div id="frontmatter"> + <p class="skip_link"><a href="#contents">Go to Contents.</a></p> + <div id="introduction"> + <h2 class="issue_title"><span class="proprietor">BUCHANAN’S</span><br /> + JOURNAL OF MAN,</h2> + <p class="first_paragraph">Published from 1849 to 1856 at Cincinnati, is to be re-established at Boston in + February, 1887. When published formerly it was in its character and merits entirely + unique, and, notwithstanding the progress of thirty-five years, its position + is still unique, and in its essential characteristics different from all nineteenth + century literature, and not in competition with any other publication. It was + needed in 1849, and it is still more needed now. It represents an entirely new + school of thought, based upon the establishment of the new science of <strong class="name">Anthropology</strong>, + which is a revelation of the anatomical, physiological, and psychic union + of soul, brain, and body, and a complete portrait of man and the laws of his life, + from which arise many forms of psychological, ethical, physiological, pathological, + and therapeutic science, all of which are eminently practical and philanthropic + in their results.</p> + <p class="noteparagraph">One of these applications has been given in the volume entitled, “The New + Education,” of which Edward Howland says, “Its results cannot fail of being + of even more influence upon the culture and the virtue of society than the introduction + of steam into industrial methods has had in the distribution of the + products of skilled labor.”*</p> + <div class="note"> + <p>*Rev. B. F. BARRETT, one of the most eminent writers of his church, says:</p> + <p>“We are perfectly <em>charmed</em> with your book. I regard it by far as the most valuable work on + education ever published. You have herein formulated the very wisdom of heaven on the highest + and most momentous of all themes. Your work is destined, in my judgment, to inaugurate a new + era in popular education. It contains more and higher wisdom on the subject of which it treats + <em>than all the other books ever written on education</em>.”</p> + </div> + <p>To watch and to assist the progress of humanity has been the pleasure of the + editor for half a century, and it will be the task of the “Journal of Man,” as + far as practicable, to present a periscope of progress in all that interests the + philanthropist. Almost innumerable questions are arising concerning human + rights, opinions, and interests, such as, the new education, the new theology, + theosophy, occultism, spiritualism, materialism, agnosticism, evolution, + paleontology, ethnology, ancient religions, systems of ethics, sociology, political + economy, labor and wages, co-operation, socialism, woman’s progress and + rights, intemperance and social evils of every grade, modern literature, the + philosophy of art and oratory, revolutions in medicine, sanitary and hygienic + science, democracy, public men and women, prison reform, the land question, + and questions of war or peace, and national policy; upon all of which the + “Journal of Man” must necessarily occupy an independent position, and + present peculiar views, in the light of the new sciences of which it is the + exponent,—views not derived from the past, not in harmony with the orthodox + literature of the day, nor tinged by any credulous fanaticism, but resulting + from a half century of earnest and scientific search for truth.</p> + <p>Another important function for a philanthropic and progressive journal is + to assist in the diffusion of liberal literature, and to keep an eye upon the prolific + press of to-day, for the benefit of its readers, calling their attention to the + meritorious works, which are often neglected, and warning against pretentious + folly and sciolism. But it is not supposed that the programme of the Journal can + be fully carried out until the completion of certain works now in hand will + permit its enlargement.</p> + <p>The existence and diffusion of such a science as psychometry—“the dawn + of a new civilization,” as it is considered by its adepts and its friends,—is alone + an imperative demand for a journal to assist the diffusion and illustration of a + science, which no honorable and logical thinker, after accepting its well-established + facts, can regard as anything less than the beginning of an intellectual + revolution, the magnitude of which is astounding to a conservative mind; for + the revolutionary science of the last forty years has been concealed from the + conservative majority, by its exclusion from the press and from the college. But + the “Journal of Man” has a still wider field, a task in which it may well claim the + co-operation of all truly enlightened and philanthropic minds.</p> + <p>It was the singular good fortune of the editor, over forty-five years ago, to + crown his long investigations of the constitution of man by the discovery and + demonstration that all the powers of the soul were exercised by the brain in a + multiform subdivision of its structure, every convolution and every group of + fibres and cells having a function appreciably distinct from the functions of all + neighboring parts, the vast multiformity and intricacy of its structure corresponding + to the vast multiformity and intricacy of our psychic nature, which + has never yet been thoroughly portrayed by either philosopher or poet.</p> + <p>The functions thus discovered are at once both psychic and physiological, + for the brain is purely a psychic organ, when its influence is not transmitted to + the body; but becomes a physiological organ, and in fact the controlling head + and centre of physiological action, when its influence is transmitted, not merely + in voluntary motion, but in the unconscious influence which sustains, modifies, + or depresses every vital process.</p> + <p>These discoveries were not <em>entirely</em> new, for it was the fundamental doctrine + of Gall, the founder of the true cerebral anatomy, that the brain consisted + of different organs of psychic functions; but in announcing the discovery (published + from 1809 to 1819) of twenty-seven distinct organs, he fell far short of the + ultimate truth, as a necessary consequence of his imperfect and difficult method + of discovery by comparative development. The word <em>phrenology</em> has become + so identified with his incomplete discoveries, that it may be laid aside in the + present stage of our progress. There is no monotonous repetition of function + in nervous structures, and the possibility of subdivision of structure and + function is limited only by our own intellectual capacities.</p> + <p>Moreover, Dr. Gall did not ascertain the functions of the basilar and internal + regions of the brain, which were beyond the reach of his methods, and + entirely overlooked the fact that the brain is the commanding centre of physiology, + the seat of the external and internal senses, and of organs that control the + circulation, the viscera, the secretions, and all their physiological and pathological + phenomena, as demonstrated in my experiments, which reveal the entire + physiological and the entire psychological life, with the anatomical apparatus + of their intimate union.</p> + <p>The experiments on intelligent persons, by which these discoveries were + made and demonstrated, have been repeated many thousand times. They have + been officially presented during many years in medical colleges, and sanctioned + by scientific faculties as well as by committees of investigation, none of which + have ever made an unfavorable report. They have been tested and demonstrated + so often that further repetition appeared needless, since the unquestioned + demonstrations produced no result beyond a passive assent; for men’s minds + are generally so firmly held in the bondage of habit, fashion, and inherited + opinion, as to be incapable of entering freely upon a new realm of intellectual + life without pecuniary motive; and investigating committees accomplished little + or nothing important, the reason having been, as assigned by a distinguished and + learned secretary of a medical committee in Boston, that the subject was too + profound, too difficult, and too far beyond the knowledge of the medical profession. + In the presence of such unmanly apathy my demonstrations were + discontinued, as I found that only a few high-toned and fearless seekers of + scientific truth, such as the venerable Prof. Caldwell, President Wylie, Rev. + John Pierpont, Robert Dale Owen, Prof. Gatchell, Dr. Forry, and a score or two + of similarly independent men and women, have spoken to the public with proper + emphasis of the immortality of the discovery and the greatness of the total + revolution that it makes in science and philosophy,—a revolution so vast as to + require many pages to give its mere outline, and several volumes to give its + concise presentation. The subjects of these volumes would necessarily be + Cerebral Psychology, Cerebral Physiology, Psychological Ethics or Religion, + Pneumatology, Psychic Pathology, Sarcognomy, Psychometry, Education, and + Pathognomy. A <em>very concise</em> epitome of the whole subject in 400 pages was + published in 1854, as a “System of Anthropology.” “The New Education” was + published in 1882. “Therapeutic Sarcognomy”—the application of sarcognomy + to medical practice—was published in 1884, and the “Manual of Psychometry” + in 1885.</p> + <p>The discoveries constituting the new anthropology stand unimpeached + to-day, sustained by every complete investigation, and not refuted or contradicted + by the innumerable experiments of medical scientists. The labors of Ferrier, + Fritsch, Hitzig and Charcot, become a part of the new system, as they lend + corroboration; and the annals of pathology furnish numerous corroborative + facts. These are not barren, abstract sciences, but bear upon all departments + of human life—upon education, medical practice, hygiene, the study of + character, the selection of public officers, of partners, friends, and conjugal + companions,—upon religion and morals, the administration of justice and government, + penal and reformatory law, the exploration of antiquity, the + philosophy of art and eloquence, and the cultivation of all sciences except the + mathematical. Anthropology must, therefore, become the guide and guardian of + humanity, and, as such, will be illustrated by the “Journal of Man.” It will + indulge in no rash ultraism or antagonism, but will kindly appreciate truth + even when mingled with error. There is, to-day, a vast amount of established + science to be respected and preserved, as well as a vast amount of rubbish in + metaphysical, theological, sociological, and educational opinions, that requires + to be buried in the grave of the obsolete. The greatness of our themes forbids + their illustration in a prospectus, which can but promise an unfailing supply of + the novel and wonderful, the philanthropic and important, the interesting and + useful, presented in that spirit of love and hope which sees that earth may be + changed into the likeness of heaven, and that such progress is a part of our + world’s remote but inevitable destiny.</p> + <p>Let it be remembered that science, philosophy, and religion are false and + worthless when they do not contribute to the happiness and elevation of mankind, + and that the chief factor in human elevation is that wise adaptation of + measures to human nature which is utterly impossible without a thorough + understanding of man,—in other words, without the science of anthropology, + for the lack of which all national and individual life has been filled with a + succession of blunders and calamities. It is especially in the most brilliant + portion of anthropology, the science of psychometry, that we shall find access + to the reconstructive wisdom which leads to a nobler life in accordance with + the laws of heaven, as well as the prosperity and success which come from the + fulness of practical science and the perfection of social order. For the truth of + these unusual claims the reader is referred to “The Manual of Psychometry,” + “The New Education,” “Intelligent Public Opinion” and future publications.</p> + <p>The “Journal of Man” will be published at $1.00 per annum, in advance, in + monthly numbers of thirty-two pages, beginning in February, 1887. Subscriptions + should be sent, not in money, but by postal order, to the editor, Dr. J. R. + Buchanan, 6 James Street, Boston. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates. + Agents wanted.</p> + <p>Those who wish to receive the “Journal of Man” should enter their names + below as subscribers, and forward to the editor, without delay.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_10"><span class="segment">Subscribers’ names.</span> <span class="segment">No. copies.</span> Post Office Address.</p> + </div> + <div id="blurbs"> + <h2 class="title">INTELLIGENT PUBLIC OPINION. “The consensus of the competent.”</h2> + <div class="blurb"> + <p><strong>Buchanan’s “Journal of Man.”</strong> “Perhaps no journal published in the world is so far in + advance of the age.”—<cite>Plain Dealer, Cleveland</cite>.</p> + + <p>“His method is strictly scientific; he proceeds on the sure ground of observation and experiment; + he admits no phenomena as reality which he has not thoroughly tested, and is evidently + more desirous to arrive at a correct understanding of nature than to establish a system…. + We rejoice that they are in the hands of one who is so well qualified as the editor of the Journal + to do them justice, both by his indomitable spirit of research, his cautious analysis of facts, and + his power of exact and vigorous expression.”—<cite>New York Tribune</cite>.</p> + + <p>“This sterling publication is always welcome to our table. Many of its articles evince marked + ability and striking originality.”—<cite>National Era, Washington City</cite>.</p> + + <p>“It is truly refreshing to take up this monthly…. When we drop anchor and sit down to + commune with philosophy as taught by Buchanan, the fogs and mists of the day clear up.”—<cite>Capital + City Fact</cite>.</p> + + <p>“This work is a pioneer in the progress of science.”—<cite>Louisville Democrat</cite>.</p> + + <p>“After a thorough perusal of its pages, we unhesitatingly pronounce it one of the ablest + publications in America.”—<cite>Brandon Post</cite>.</p> + + <p>“To hear these subjects discussed by ordinary men, and then to read Buchanan, there is as + much difference as in listening to a novice performing on a piano, and then to a Chevalier Gluck + or a Thalberg.”—<cite>Democrat Transcript</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div class="blurb"> + <p><strong>Buchanan’s “System of Anthropology.”</strong> “We have no hesitation in asserting the great + superiority of the form in which it is presented by Dr. Buchanan, whether we regard its practical + accuracy or its philosophical excellence.”—<cite>American Magazine of Homœopathy</cite>.</p> + + <p>“The author has long been known as a distinguished Professor of Physiology, whose name + is identified with one of the most remarkable discoveries of the age, the impressibility of the + brain…. We are confident Buchanan’s ‘Anthropology’ will soon supersede the fragmentary + systems of Gall and Spurzheim, the metaphysicians and phrenologists.”—<cite>Daily Times, Cincinnati</cite>.</p> + + <p>“Beyond all doubt it is a most extraordinary work, exhibiting the working of a mind of no + common stamp. Close students and hard thinkers will find in it a rich treat, a deep and rich + mine of thought.”—<cite>Gospel Herald, Cincinnati</cite>.</p> + + <p>“They have had sufficient evidence to satisfy them that Dr. Buchanan’s views have a rational, + experimental foundation, and that the subject opens a field of investigation second to no other in + immediate interest, and in the promise of important future results to science and humanity.”—<cite>Report + of New York Committee (<strong class="name">Wm. Cullen Bryant</strong>, Chairman)</cite>.</p> + + <p>“If he has made a single discovery in physiology, he has made more than any previous explorer + of that science, in furnishing us this key to the whole of its principles, by his cerebral and corporeal + experiments.”—<cite>Report of the Faculty of Indiana University</cite>.</p> + + <p>“No person of common discernment who has read Dr. Buchanan’s writings or conversed with + him in relation to the topics which they treat, can have failed to recognize in him one of the very + foremost thinkers of the day. He is certainly one of the most charming and instructive men to + whom anybody with a thirst for high speculation ever listened.”—<cite>Louisville Journal (edited by + <strong class="name">Prentice</strong> and <strong class="name">Shipman</strong>)</cite>.</p> + + <p>“To Dr. Buchanan is due the distinguished honor of being the first individual to excite the + organs of the brain by agencies applied externally directly over them, before which the discoveries + of Gall, Spurzheim, or Sir Charles Bell—men who have been justly regarded as benefactors of + their race—dwindle into comparative insignificance. This important discovery has given us a key + to man’s nature, moral, intellectual, and physical.”—<cite>Democratic Review, New York</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div class="blurb"> + <p><strong>“Therapeutic Sarcognomy.”</strong> “In this work we have the rich results of half a century of + original thought, investigation, and discovery. Upon the psychic functions of the brain, Professor + Buchanan is the highest living authority, being the only investigator of nature who has + done anything important for that neglected realm of science, to which the world was introduced + by the genius of Gall and Spurzheim. This work is really a complete exposition of the great mystery, + the united operation and structural plan of soul, brain, and body.”—<cite>Medical Advocate, New + York</cite>.</p> + + <p>“Of the very highest importance in the healing art, is a work just issued by the venerable + Professor Buchanan. We have read the book from cover to cover with unabated attention; + and it is replete with ideas, suggestions, and practical hints, and conclusions of eminent value to + every practitioner who is himself enough of a natural physician to appreciate and apply them…. + Having been cognizant of the very valuable and original work accomplished by Professor + Buchanan in physiology, and having seen him demonstrate many times, on persons of all grades + of intellectual and physical health, the truths he here affirms, the subject has lost the sense of + novelty to us, and is accepted as undoubtedly proven.”—<cite>American Homœopathist, New York</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div class="blurb"> + <p><strong>“Manual of Psychometry:</strong> The Dawn of a New Civilization.” (2d edition.) “The like of + this work is not to be found in the whole literature of the past…. His name stands honorably + among those who have extended the real boundaries of knowledge.”—<cite>Home Journal, New York</cite>.</p> + + <p>“As an experimental science it is likely to make its way to <em>universal</em> recognition. But the + recognition of psychometry involves a <em>tremendous change</em> in the opinions of the world, the teachings + of colleges, and the prevalent doctrines of science and philosophy.”—<cite>Health Monthly, New + York</cite>.</p> + + <p>“The friends of Professor Buchanan have been waiting now thirty years for him to make a + proper public presentation of his greatest discovery,—psychometry, a discovery which the future + historian must place among the noblest and greatest of this great epoch of human thought…. + Every branch of the Theosophical Society should have a copy, and study the book carefully.”—<cite>Theosophist, + Madras, India</cite>.</p> + </div> + <p class="ad_pstyle_11">The above works may be obtained from the author, 6 James Street, Boston. The price should + be remitted by postal order—for the “Manual of Psychometry,” $2.16; for the “New Education,” + $1.50; for “Therapeutic Sarcognomy,” (<span class="segment">2d edition to be published,</span> <span class="segment">1887,)</span> “Journal + of Man,” $1 per annum. “Anthropology” was exhausted thirty years ago. Its place will be + occupied by “Cerebral Psychology,” not before the winter of 1887-88.</p> + <!-- The "segments" in the paragraph above note intended blank spaces in the original copy. --> + </div> + <div id="contents"> + <h2 class="title">CONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF MAN.</h2> + <p class="volume">Vol. I. February 1887 to February, 1888.</p> + <ol> + <li>FEBRUARY. + <ul> + <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction to the Journal of Man</a>—see cover of each number.</li> + <li><a href="#art1">Salutatory</a></li><!-- Transcriber’s note: this item was not in the original ToC --> + <li><a href="#art2">The Phrenological Doctrines of Gall their past and present status</a></li> + <li><a href="#art3">The Great Land Question</a></li> + <li><a href="#art4">The Sinaloa Colony</a></li> + <li><a href="#art5">Health and Longevity</a></li> + <li><a href="#art6">Remarkable Fasting</a></li> + <li><a href="#art7">Cerebral Psychology</a></li> + <li><a href="#art8">Music</a></li> + <li><a href="#art9">Insanity</a></li> + <li><a href="#art10" class="emphasis">Miscellany</a>—<a href="#misc1">Our narrow limits and future tasks</a>; <a href="#misc2">Palmistry</a>; <a href="#misc3">Suicide</a>; <a href="#misc4">Theosophist Reviews</a>; <a href="#misc5">Apparitions of the Dead</a>; <a href="#misc6">Human Responsibility in Hypnotism</a>; <a href="#misc7">Human Tails</a>; <a href="#misc8">Men who live in trees</a>; <a href="#misc9">Protyle the Basis of Matter</a>; <a href="#misc10">The Keeley Motor</a>; <a href="#art11">Mahphoon and the Great Winkelmeier</a></li> + <li><a href="#business">Business Department and College of Therapeutics</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm">MARCH.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#art1">Archtypal Literature for the future.</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#art2">Chapter 1. General Plan of Brain, Synopsis of Cerebral Science</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#art3">Superficial Criticisms, a reply to Miss Phelps</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#art4">Spiritual Phenomenon, Abram James, Eglinton, Spirit writing</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#art5">Mind reading Amusement and Temperance</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#art6"><strong class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</strong></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc1">Pigmies in Africa</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc2">A Human Phenomenon</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc3">Surviving Superstition</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc4">Spiritual test of Death</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc5">A Jewish Theological Seminary</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc6">National Death Rates</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc7">Religious Mediævalism in America</a>;<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc8">Buddhism in America</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc9">Craniology and Crime</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc10">Morphiomania in France</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc11">Montana Bachelors</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc12">Relief for Children</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc13">The Land and the People</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc14">Christianity in Japan</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc15">The Hell Fire Business</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc16">Sam Jones and Boston Theology</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc17">Psychometry</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc18">The American Psychical Society</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc19">Progress of Spiritualism</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc20">The Folly of Competition</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc21">Insanities of War</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc22">The Sinaloa Colony</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc23">Medical Despotism</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#misc24">Mind in Nature</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#art7">Physiological Discoveries in the College of Therapeutics</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25819/25819-h/25819-h.htm#business">Business Department, College of Therapeutics</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm">APRIL.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#art1">Psychometry: The Divine Science.</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#art2">A Modern Miracle-Worker</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#art3">Human Longevity</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#art4">Justice to the Indians</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#art5"><strong class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</strong></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#misc1">Anatomy of the Brain</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#misc2">Mesmeric Cures</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#misc3">Medical Despotism</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#misc4">The Dangerous Classes</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#misc5">Arbitration</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#misc6">Criticism on the Church</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#misc7">Earthquakes and Predictions</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#art6">Chapter II. Of Outlines of Anthropology; Structure of the Brain</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25890/25890-h/25890-h.htm#business">Business Department, College of Therapeutics</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm">MAY.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art1">The Prophetic Faculty: War and Peace</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art2">Clearing away the Fog</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art3">The Danger of living among Christians: A Question of peace or war</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art4">Legislative Quackery, Ignorance, and Blindness to the Future</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art5">Evils that need Attention</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art6">What is Intellectual Greatness</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art7">Spiritual Wonders</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#wonder1">Slater’s Tests</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#wonder2">Spirit Pictures</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#wonder3">Telegraphy</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#wonder4">Music</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#wonder5">Slate Writing</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#wonder6">Fire Test</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art8"><em class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</em></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc1">Erratum</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc2">Co-operation</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc3">Emancipation</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc4">Inventors</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc5">Important Discovery</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc6">Saccharine</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc7">Sugar</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc8">Artificial Ivory</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc9">Paper Pianos</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc10">Social Degeneracy</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc11">Prevention of Cruelty</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc12">Value of Birds</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc13">House Plants</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc14">Largest Tunnel</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#misc15">Westward Empire</a> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art9">Structure of the Brain</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#art9_part2">Chapter III. Genesis of the Brain</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#business">To the Readers of the Journal</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#college">College of Therapeutics</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#press">Journal of Man</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26317/26317-h/26317-h.htm#lang_of_press">Language of Press and Readers</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm">JUNE.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#art1">The Most Marvellous Triumph of Educational Science</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#art2">The Grand Symposium of the Wise Men</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#art3">The Burning Question in Education</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#art4"><em class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</em></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc1">Bigotry and Liberality</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc2">Religious News</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc3">Abolishing Slavery</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc4">Old Fogy Biography</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc5">Legal Responsibility in Hypnotism</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc6">Pasteur’s Cure for Hydrophobia</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc7">Lulu Hurst</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc8">Land Monopoly</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc9">Marriage in Mexico</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc10">The Grand Symposium</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc11">A New Mussulman Empire</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc12">Psychometric Imposture</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc13">Our Tobacco Bill</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc14">Extinct Animals</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#misc15">Education</a> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#art5">Genesis of the Brain (concluded)</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26401/26401-h/26401-h.htm#business">Business Department</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm">JULY.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art1">Magnetic Education and Therapeutics</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art2">The So-Called Scientific Immortality</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art3">Review of the New Education</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art4">Victoria’s Half Century</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art5">Outlook of Diogenes</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art6">A Bill to Destroy the Indians</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art7"><strong class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</strong></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#misc1">The Seybert Commission</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#misc2">The Evils that need Attention</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#misc3">Condensed Items</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#condensed1">Mesmerism in + Paris</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#condensed2">Medical + Freedom</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#condensed3">Victoria’s + Jubilee</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#condensed4">Delightful Homes</a> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#art8">Outlines of Anthropology Continued—Cranioscopy—Illustrated</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27570/27570-h/27570-h.htm#business">Business Department</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm">AUGUST.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art1">Creation’s Mysteries</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art2">A True Poet—The Poetry of Peace and the Practice of War</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art3">The Volapük Language</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art4">Progress of the Marvellous</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art5">Glances Round the World</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art6"><em class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</em></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc1">Photography Perfected;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc2">The Cannon King;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc3">Land Monopoly;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc4">The Grand Canals;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc5">The Survival of Barbarism;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc6">Concord Philosophy;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc7">The Andover War;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc8">The Catholic Rebellion;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc9">Stupidity of Colleges;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc10">Cremation;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc11">Col. Henry S. Olcott;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc12">Jesse Shepard;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc13">Prohibition;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc14">Longevity;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc15">Increase of insanity;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc16">Extraordinary Fasting;</a> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#misc17">Spiritual Papers</a> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art7">Cranioscopy (Continued)</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27648/27648-h/27648-h.htm#art8">Practical Utility of Anthropology in its Psychic Department</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm">SEPTEMBER.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#art1">Concord Symposium</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#art2">Rectification of Cerebral Science</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#art3">Human Longevity</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#art4"><em class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</em></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc1">An important Discovery</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc2">Jennie Collins</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc3">Greek Philosophy</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc4">Symposiums</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc5">Literature of the Past</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc6">The Concord School</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc7">New Books</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc8">Solar Biology</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc9">Dr. Franz Hartmann</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc10">Progress of Chemistry</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc11">Astronomy</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc12">Geology Illustrated</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc13">A Mathematical Prodigy</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc14">Astrology in England</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc15">Primogeniture Abolished</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc16">Medical Intolerance and Cunning</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc17">Negro Turning White</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc18">The Cure of Hydrophobia</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc19">John Swinton’s Paper</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc20">Women’s Rights and Progress</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc21">Co-Education</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc22">Spirit writing</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#misc23">Progress of the Marvellous</a> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#art5">Chapter VII.—Practical Utility of Anthropology (Concluded)</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27703/27703-h/27703-h.htm#art6">Chapter VIII.—The Origin and Foundation of the New Anthropology</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm">OCTOBER.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#art1">The Oriental View of Anthropology</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#art2"><span class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</span></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc1">Religion and Science</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc2">Good Psychology</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc3">The Far-away Battle</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc4">How not to do it</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc5">Robbery of Public Lands</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc6">Land Reform in England</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc7">Life in Europe</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc8">Education in France</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc9">Canada and the Union</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc10">Woman in the Moon</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc11">Emancipation from Petticoats</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc12">Women’s Rights on the Streets</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc13">A Woman’s Triumph in Paris</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc14">A Woman’s Bible</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc15">Work for Women</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc16">Mrs. Stanton on the Jubilee</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc17">Electricity</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc18">Progress of the Telegraph</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc19">The Mystery of the Ages</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc20">Progress of the Marvellous</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc21">A Grand Aerolite</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc22">The Boy Pianist</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc23">Centenarians</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc24">Educated Monkeys</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc25">Causes of Idiocy</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc26">A Powerful Temperance Argument</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc27">Slow Progress</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc28">Community Doctors</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc29">The Selfish System of Society</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc30">Educated Beetles</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc31">Rustless Iron</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc32">Weighing the Earth</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc33">Head and Heart</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#misc34">The Rectification of Cerebral Science</a> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27717/27717-h/27717-h.htm#art3">Chapter IX.—Rectification of Cerebral Science, Correcting the Organology of Gall and Spurzheim</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm">NOVEMBER.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art1">The Slow Triumph of Truth</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art2">Old Industrial Education</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art3">An Incomparable “Medical Outlaw”</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art4">Educational</a>.—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc1">Educational Reform in England</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc2">Dead Languages Vanishing</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc3">Higher Education of Women</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc4">Bad Sunday-School Books</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc5">Our Barbarous Orthography</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art5">Critical</a>.—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc6">European Barbarism</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc7">Boston Civilization</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc8">Monopoly</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc9">Woman’s Drudgery</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc10">Christian Civilization</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc11">Walt Whitman</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc12">Temperance</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art6">Scientific</a>.—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc13">Extension of Astronomy</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc14">A New Basis for Chemistry</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc15">Chloroform in Hydrophobia</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc16">The Water Question</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc17">Progress of Homœopathy</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#misc18">Round the World Quickly</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art7">Glances Round the World (concluded from August)</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27758/27758-h/27758-h.htm#art8">Rectification of Cerebral Science (illustrated)</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm">DECEMBER.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#art1">The World’s Neglected or Forgotten Leaders and Pioneers</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#art2">Social Conditions</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc1">Expenses at Harvard</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc2">European Wages</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc3">India as a Wheat Producer</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc4">Increase of Insanity</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc5">Temperance</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc6">Flamboyant Animalism</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#art3">Transcendental Hash</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#art4">Just Criticism</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#art5">Progress of discovery and Improvement</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc7">Autotelegraphy</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc8">Edison’s Phonograph</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc9">Type-setting Eclipsed</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc10">Printing in Colors</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc11">Steam Wagon</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc12">Fruit Preserving</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc13">Napoleon’s Manuscript</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc14">Peace</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc15">Capital Punishment</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc16">Antarctic Explorations</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#misc17">The Desert shall Blossom as the Rose</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#art6">Life and Death—Marvellous Examples</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27796/27796-h/27796-h.htm#art7">Outlines of Anthropology (continued) Chapter X.—The Law of Location in Organology</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm">JANUARY.</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#art1">The Pursuit of Truth</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#art2">Occultism Defined</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#art3">Psychic Phenomena</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#art4">The Ancient Iberians</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#art5">The Star Dust of the Universe</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#art6"><span class="emphasis">Miscellaneous</span></a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc1">Bright Literature</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc2">The Two Worlds</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc3">Foote’s Health Monthly</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc4">Psychic Theories</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc5">Twentieth Century Science, Dawning at the end of the Nineteenth</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc6">Comparative Speed of Light and Electricity</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc7">Wonderful Photography</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc8">Wooden Cloth</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc9">The Phylloxera</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc10">Falling Rents</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc11">Boston Civilization</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc12">Psychic Blundering</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc13">Beecher’s Mediumship</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc14">A Scientific Cataract</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc15">Obstreperous and Pragmatic Vulgarity</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc16">Hygiene</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc17">Quinine</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc18">Life and Death</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc19">Dorothea L. Dix</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc20">The Drift of Catholicism</a>; + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#misc21">Juggernaut</a> + </li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#art7">The Principal Methods of Studying the Brain</a></li> + <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#responses">Responses of Readers</a>—<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27812/27812-h/27812-h.htm#orthodoxy">Medical Orthodoxy</a></li> + </ul> + </li> + </ol> + </div> + </div> + <div id="masthead"> + <h1 class="issue_title"><a class="pagenum" id="page1" title="1"></a><span class="proprietor">BUCHANAN’S</span><br /> + JOURNAL OF MAN.</h1> + <div id="mastdate"> + <p id="leftmast"><abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> <abbr title="One">I.</abbr></p> + <p id="centermast">FEBRUARY, 1887.</p> + <p id="rightmast"><abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 1.</p> + </div> + </div><!--Masthead--> + <div class="article" id="art1"> + <h2 class="title">Salutatory.</h2> + + <p class="first_paragraph"><span class="first_word">Kind</span> reader! Let me presume that you are in search of truth, + and that you have an intuition sufficient to tell you that this + unending search is the inspiring energy of the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> + Let us realize the vastness of truth, the vastness of those realms of + knowledge heretofore unexplored by man, in which the <cite class="name">Journal</cite> is + to perform its work, and in realizing that, it will be very obvious that + no single number of the <cite class="name">Journal</cite> can be an adequate specimen to + give a just conception of what it is to be, how many hundred themes + it will have to consider, how many errors to analyze, how many new + suggestions to introduce, how many criticisms of the old, how many + expositions of the new. The present number of the <cite class="name">Journal</cite> is + little more than a promissory note for its future.</p> + + <p>Even as a commentary on periodical literature, there will be a + countless number of the superficial theories of ignorance and haste + for it to examine, while there will be the more pleasing task of + noting the introduction of sound philosophy, the progress of careful + investigation, the uprising of common sense against hereditary falsehood, + and the gradual enlightenment of the clerical, medical, and + educational professions by the slow progress of new ideas, and the + unembarrassed progress of the physical sciences and inventions which + encounter no collegiate hindrance, excepting this, that the average + liberal education, as it is called, gives so little knowledge of physical + science, that the educated classes often fail to distinguish between + the real inventor and the deluded, or delusive, impostor.</p> + + <p>The inventor is the emancipator of mankind from the oppressive + burden of toil, and hence the philanthropist should ever look with + interest to the progress of invention, should ever be ready to cooperate + with inventive genius. The <cite class="name">Journal</cite> should be the + inventor’s friend, and it hopes to see the time when the national + institution that I have proposed shall be established, to bring blind, + but all powerful, capital into co-operation with the wise, but often + powerless, inventor.</p> + + <p>Invention is the physical, as philosophy is the intellectual power, + to complete the emancipation of mankind from slavery and suffering. + “No,” would the theologian say, “your false philosophy ends in + nothing. The world has been full of philosophies from Democritus + to Hegel, and they have never lifted a single straw’s weight from + the burden that oppresses all humanity. The real burden is sin, and + religion alone can remove that, and bring in the kingdom of heaven + on earth.”</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page2" title="2"></a>Most true, Oh theologian, it is, that the false philosophies, from + Democritus to Hegel, have done nothing for mankind but to becloud, + bewilder, and enfeeble their intelligence, for the philosophies were + born of empty vanity, which essayed to conquer the universe by + cogitation without science, and not from any loving impulse to + make life wiser and better. But your theologies have been almost + as false as the philosophies. You have inverted the simple and + pure religion of Jesus. You have taught the world that its governing + power was not an infinite love, but an infinite hate, and that the + chief purpose of creation was to furnish an unlimited amount of + human agony, in eternal progress, to gratify the infinite tyrant, and, + at the same time, please a few humble vassals whom terror alone had + driven into his service. You have taught mankind, all too successfully, + to imitate this superhuman monster, by the banishment, imprisonment, + murder, or torture, of all who did not accept your + insane and heartless teachings; and the bloody drama, which has + been in full progress for at least fifteen centuries without one interval + of pity or remorse, is coming to its end now, Oh theologians, simply + because your power has waned, and mankind have partially outgrown + their superstitious ignorance. Tennyson in his last poem has + expressed the truth:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>“‘Love your enemy, bless your haters,’ said the Greatest of the great,</p> + <p>Christian love among the churches looked the twin of heathen hate.</p> + <p>From the golden alms of blessing, man had coined himself a curse;</p> + <p>Rome of Cæsar, Rome of Peter,—which was crueler, which was worse?”</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>You are beginning, Oh theologians, to be ashamed of the history + of your tribe, and to doubt in your own hearts the horrid creeds + you are still teaching; and a few have even thrown them off entirely + and joined in the movement of emancipation,—even Andover is + uneasy beneath its old yoke. But the chief problem of progress is + still to get rid of your creeds, and return to that simple, universal + religion, of which Jesus was the most powerful teacher,—a religion + that had no church, no creed, no intolerance, and which dealt only + in that universal love to which all human souls respond when they + receive it.</p> + + <p>Yet never has this simple religion of Jesus appeared, nor any + effort towards its imperfect realization, without provoking orthodox + hostility; and never has science taken one bold step in advance to + understand the Bible of creation, or the Divine wisdom embodied + in the constitution of man, without finding all orthodox power + arrayed against each step of progress, and your orthodox anathemas + ready for each fearless seeker of the truth.</p> + + <p>Never had astronomy, never had geology, never had phrenology, + never had anthropology, one smile from the organized theological + guardians of the ancient falsehood called orthodoxy. Neither had + political liberty any better treatment than mental liberty. Neither + the white man, the red man, nor the black man found friendship or + protection until very recently in any orthodox church, for the church + was invariably the ally of the despot. Witness all European history, + witness the history of Mexico and South America,—witness the + <a class="pagenum" id="page3" title="3"></a>history of the United States,—witness the present condition of + Europe, groaning under the mountain load of taxation to pay war + debts, to sustain the cannon foundries, forts, ships, barracks, and, in + a word, the <em>armament of hell</em>, for it is but a grand, prearranged plan + for further homicide and devastation; and all—all, alas! established + and sustained by a government inspired by the church, which falsely + claims to represent the principles of Christ in its terribly apostate + career!</p> + + <p>With a loathing and horror that words cannot express I turn from + this scene—in which, though latent at this moment, there lie all the + horrors of the Roman amphitheatre, and wars of the legions of + Scipio, Marius, Tiberius, Cæsar, Nero, Severus, Decius, Valerianus, + of Alaric, Attila, and Genghis Khan—to the dawn of liberty, peace, + and enlightenment on the American continent, where, though old + forms and institutions may survive, their interior nature or life is + changed,—where the apostate church is slowly relinquishing its + apostacy and growing into harmony with modern liberty and + progress.</p> + + <p>The time is coming, I trust, when Christian churches in the + United States shall return to follow the sublime examples of the + founders of Christianity; shall practise and diffuse that spirit of + love in which is all freedom, all toleration and co-operation; shall + welcome science and philosophy, and become the centre of all cooperative + efforts for human amelioration.</p> + + <p>The ameliorations of the last hundred years are so great that we + may well anticipate still greater changes in the coming century; for, + as Whittier says:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>“Still the new transcends the old,</p> + <p>In signs and tokens manifold.”</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>It is reasonable to anticipate this change, because the old battle + between religion and science, which placed each in a false position, + must come to an end. The battle is still in progress,—there is still + an antagonism; and scientists will object to the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> + because its science is associated with religion; while theologians + will object to its religion because based on science; but the contest + now proceeds with diminishing rancor, and there have been minor + reconciliations or truces between scientists and theologians. But + finally the grand reconciliation must come from this, that when + science advances into the psychic realm,—when it demonstrates + the existence of the soul, and demonstrates that heaven is not a + morbid dream but a splendid reality,—the religious sentiment will + recognize such science as its friend; and when science goes farther, + and interprets the Divine laws as written by omnipotent wisdom in + the constitution of man, more plainly and far more fully than they + have ever been expressed in religious writings, then will religion + perceive that such science is the Divine messenger before whom it + should bow in reverence, and whose every utterance should be held + sacred.</p> + + <p>It is thus the mission of anthropology to enlighten religion, to + interpret the Divine law, and to reign in the kingdom of heaven, + <a class="pagenum" id="page4" title="4"></a>to which it is to lead us; and it is the mission of the <cite class="name">Journal of + Man</cite> to present and keep before the enlightened few the guiding + wisdom of anthropology.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art2"> + <h2 class="title">The Phrenological Doctrines of Dr. Gall.</h2> + <p class="subtitle">THEIR PAST AND PRESENT STATUS.</p> + + <p>Science ought to emancipate mankind from the control of the + animal instincts, and in the purely physical and mathematical + sciences it does. In mathematics, dynamics, optics, acoustics, + astronomy, electricity, engineering, and mechanics, the dictates of + pure intellect are seldom interfered with by any blind impulse, + attraction, or prejudice. But it is very different in the realm of + opinion—in matters in which reason should be supreme, with + as absolute authority as number and form have in mathematics.</p> + + <p>A thousand can measure and calculate, and can obey implicitly in + thought the mathematical laws, for one that can reason and obey + implicitly the dictates of pure reason. If an error is made in the + construction of a bridge, erection of a house, or financial report of a + bank, thousands may at once detect the error, and by clear exposition + compel its recognition. But in matters of opinion controlled + by reason, there is no such ready detection and recognition of error, + even by the best educated classes. The realm of opinion is ever + in chaos. Contradictory opinions are ever clashing; no supreme + arbiter is known; no law of reason, like the laws of mathematics, + comes in to dissipate error and delusion.</p> + + <p>Why is this? Anthropology replies that reason is as positive, + clear, and imperative as mathematical principles, but that men have + not been educated to exercise and to obey the faculty of reason, as they + have been to measure and to count. In matters of opinion, feeling + and impulse are allowed to dominate over reason, and to hug the + delusions which reason would dispel. We have <em>no educational system</em>, + no college, in which the art of reasoning is properly taught, although + the shallow pedantry of Aristotelian logic has assumed to teach the + art of reasoning. The faculties themselves of our colleges do not + understand or practice the true art of reasoning, for if they did, they + would harmonize in opinion as mathematicians harmonize in calculations, + and would lead the onward march of mind continually, + making or accepting discoveries of the highest importance, instead + of standing, as they do, impregnable castles of ancient error in + matters of opinion, though moderately progressive in physical + science.</p> + + <p>It is for these reasons that popular opinions and opinions of universities + are of little value. Everything else but reason dominates + them. The gift of a founder, the decree of a king, parliament, or + pope, the decision of some ancient conclave of the superstitious and + ignorant, or the imperious will of some interested body of lords, + plutocrats, monks, or political usurpers, establishes the mould in + which opinions are cast; and the soft brains of inexperienced and + <a class="pagenum" id="page5" title="5"></a>unreflective youth are easily compressed into the form of the + established mould, and from that deformed condition they seldom + or never entirely recover true symmetry. Never taught to reason + deeply or accurately, they yield to the sympathetic mesmeric control + of social opinions and impulses, without looking to their origin, + Hence the lamentable fact that in matters of opinion or philosophy, + as in social amusements and fashions, the animal instinct of gregariousness + rules, and men move in masses like herds of sheep or buffaloes.</p> + + <p>These considerations prepare us to appreciate justly the value of + former and contemporary opinions in reference to the science of the + brain.</p> + + <p>The mystery that surrounded its anatomy was dispelled by Dr. + Gall, and modern scientists have been building upon the foundation + laid by him. It is not necessary now to dwell upon his protracted + and careful study of the comparative development of the brain in + men and animals. Suffice it to say no naturalist was ever more + diligent, fearless, and successful, in the study of nature; and the + conclusive evidence of his success is the fact that no student of + nature who travelled after his footsteps has failed to see what he + saw, and recognize Gall as a grand, original teacher.</p> + + <p>Why is it, then, that the reputation of Gall and his discoveries of + mental organs in the brain has been so fluctuating? Why have the + discoveries that came forward with so imposing a prestige at the + beginning of this century so entirely lost that prestige in the colleges + in sixty years, that the writings of Gall and his disciples are generally + neglected? Vague, unscientific speculations have taken their + place; the colleges and literati are groping in darkness, and, like + plants in a cellar which reach out to the dim windows, they look + anxiously for the information that may come from laboratories and + anatomical halls, where animals by thousands are tortured to find + the sources of <em>physical</em> functions, forgetful of the fact that the human + brain is a <em>psychic</em> organ, and that <em>a whole century of such investigations</em> + would leave the grand problems of <em>conscious</em> life and character + in primeval darkness!</p> + + <p>Have they no respect for the labors and honorable observations of + clear-headed scientists fifty to eighty years ago? Were the anatomists + Reil and Loder deceived when they testified to Gall’s wonderful + discoveries in anatomy? Were Andral, Broussais, Corvsart, and + others, who stood at the head of the medical profession in France, + deceived when they were followers of Gall? Was Dr. Vimont + deceived when the study of the animal kingdom converted him from + an opponent to a supporter of Gall? Were Elliotson and Solly of + London, the Combes of Scotland, Macartney of Ireland, and a + full score of others in the highest ranks of medical science deceived + in giving their testimony that the anatomy of the brain, its development + in the healthy, its amply recorded pathology, revealed in + hospitals, and its phenomena in the insane asylums and prisons, + supported the doctrines of Gall?</p> + + <p>They were not deceived, and they were not blind. <em>They were + observers.</em> Their successors, sinking into the agnosticism of pseudoscience, + <a class="pagenum" id="page6" title="6"></a>have thus sunk because they have abandoned the methods + of science to adopt the methods of ignorant partisanship. They + have not studied the comparative development of the brain in + connection with character, and therefore they know little or nothing + of it. They are not competent as observers of development, because + they have never attempted to become acquainted with it. Even so + eminent a writer as the late Prof. W. B. Carpenter shows by his + writings, which are a monument of laborious erudition, that he did + not understand so simple a matter as the external form of the + cranium belonging to the development of the cerebellum.</p> + + <p>Cranioscopy, the study of the brain and its proportional development + through the cranium, which is the method by which Gall made + his discoveries, is a <em>lost art</em> in the medical profession, and I doubt if + there is a single professor in any American or European medical college + to-day, who has a competent knowledge of it. The art of cranioscopy + requires as its basis a correct knowledge of the anatomy of the brain + and skull, a correct knowledge of the localities of all the cerebral + organs, and a practical skill in determining their development with + accuracy. A variation of one eighth of an inch in development will + change the destiny of the individual, and incorrect conceptions of + the growth of the brain and the natural irregularities of the cranium + would vitiate the conclusions of the observers. A somewhat famous + but unscientific practitioner of phrenology gave a good illustration + of this by mistaking a rugged development of the lambdoid suture + for an enormous organ of combativeness, and ascribing to the gentleman + a terrific, pugnacious energy which was the very opposite of + his true character.</p> + + <p>The sciolism of popular phrenology, scantily supplied with + anatomical knowledge, and but little better supplied with clear + psychic conceptions, is incapable of commending the science to the + esteem of critical observers, and of course incapable of sustaining + its reputation against the overwhelming opposition of medical + colleges. Thus rejected or at least neglected in the universities, + which supply its place with worthless metaphysics, and unsustained + before the public,—for the tone of literature is controlled by the + universities,—it is not strange that the grand discoveries of Gall + are neglected as they are to-day.</p> + + <p>The objections to Gall’s discoveries which have been considered + sufficient, have generally been the offspring of ignorance and superficial + thinking. Thousands of physicians have been misled by professors + of anatomy thoroughly ignorant of the subject, who have + shown to their own ignorant satisfaction how impossible it was to + judge of the development of the brain through the skull. The + attacks upon phrenology have been generally remarkable for their + logical feebleness. Any one well acquainted with the science and + the phenomena in nature, could have made a much more effective + attack,—an attack which would have <em>appeared</em> entirely unanswerable; + but no such attack has been made.</p> + + <p>There has been, however, one <em>valid</em> objection to the discoveries of + Gall, which has done much to discredit the whole system. He + <a class="pagenum" id="page7" title="7"></a>ascribed to the entire cerebellum the sexual function alone, in doing + which he disregarded the facts developed by vivisection. Ample + observation has shown his error. The cerebellum is the physiological + as the cerebrum is the psychic brain, and a defined central + portion of the cerebellum at the median line does exercise, in + connection with the summit of the spinal cord, the sexual functions. + This has been fully established by pathology, as well as by my own + experiments. In this matter Gall is certainly entitled to the credit + of <em>approximating</em> the truth, the function being located within the + territory assigned it.</p> + + <p>The fundamental doctrine, however, which Gall has the immortal + honor of establishing, is that the cerebrum is not a homogeneous + unitary organ, but a mass of distinct organs, as distinct as the sensitive + and motor columns of the spinal cord, and exercising <em>different + mental functions</em>. Whatever errors of detail he may have fallen into + cannot obscure the glory of the pioneer in the anatomy and psychology + of the brain. His anatomical doctrines have stood the test + of time; they are established; and his psychic doctrines are as near + an approach to absolute truth as ever was made by a pioneer in + a wilderness of mystery. Gall himself, with the just self-respect + which belongs to a sincere and fearless seeker of scientific truth, + expressed his attitude as follows, at the close of the sixth volume of + his works:—</p> + + <p>“These views of the qualities and faculties of man are not the + fruit of subtile reasonings. They bear not the impress of the age + in which they originate, and will not wear out with it. They are + the result of numberless observations, and will be immutable and + eternal like the facts that have been observed, and the fundamental + powers which those facts force us to admit. They are not only + founded on principles deduced from individual facts, but are confirmed + by each individual fact in particular, and will forever come + off triumphant from every test to which they may be submitted, + whether of analysis or synthesis. If the reasonings of metaphysicians + are ever discarded, this philosophy of the human qualities and faculties + will be the foundation of all philosophy in time to come.”</p> + + <p>These are the words of a grand-souled philosopher, who <em>knew</em> that + he was speaking the truth, and forcing, as if at the point of the + bayonet, a great, new truth upon the stolidity of the colleges. The + simple truth of fibrous structure in the brain, now known to every + tyro in anatomy, was contested in the days of Gall and Spurzheim, + and had to be enforced by public dissection in an Edinburgh amphitheatre. + With the same unreasoning stolidity the doctrine of the + multiplicity of organs in the brain was shunned, evaded, or denied, + though it would seem idiotic for any physiologist to assume such a + position (by suppressing his own common sense) when the aim of + all modern investigations of the brain is to discover different functions + in different parts.</p> + + <p>The great doctrine of the multiplicity of cerebral organs, introduced + by Gall, could not be suppressed or ignored among those who + investigate the brain in any manner. All modern investigators + <a class="pagenum" id="page8" title="8"></a>tacitly recognize it, for none could so stultify themselves as to + assume the brain to be a homogeneous unit in either structure or + functions, while seeking to discover the peculiar functions of each + part. Thus his fundamental ideas are adopted by his opponents, and + step by step they will be compelled to admit his general correctness, + and his grand services as the pioneer in the highest department of + science, the most prolific in important results to mankind. “Every + honest and erudite anatomist,” says Sir Samuel Solly in his standard + work on the anatomy of the brain, “must acknowledge that we are + indebted mainly to Gall and Spurzheim for the improvements which + have been made in our mode of studying the brain. For my own + part, I most cheerfully acknowledge that the interest which I + derived from the lectures of Dr. Spurzheim at St. Thomas’ Hospital + about the years 1822 and 1823, has been the inciting cause of all + the labor which for above twenty years I have at intervals devoted + to this subject.”</p> + + <p>The organ of language, his first discovery, located at the junction + of the front and middle lobes, has been the first to receive the + general recognition of the medical profession, because it is easy to + recognize its failures in disease, and the morbid condition of its + organ.</p> + + <p>Its general recognition by physiologists now is not usually accompanied + by any reference to Gall as its discoverer. They are probably + not aware that he located it correctly, because he referred so much + to its external sign in the prominence of the eyes. This prominence + of the eyes indicates development of the brain at the back of their + sockets. The external marking of organs is to indicate where they + lie and in what direction their development produces exterior projection. + The junction of the front and middle lobes, including the so-called + “island of Reil” (who was a pupil of Gall, and spoke of him + as the most wonderful of anatomists), has its most direct external + indication at the outer angle of the eye. That is the location which + has been given the organ by my experiments, which were made + without reference to anatomy, without even a thought of it, for I + consider such experiments the supreme authority in physiology, + and do not stop to inquire whether any previous knowledge supports + them or not.</p> + + <p>Dr. Gall had the true idea, for although he spoke of the general + prominence of the eye as the indication, he also recognized the + development as extending in the direction in which I have located + it. He regarded the organ of language as a convolution lying on + the super-orbital plate, behind the position of the eyeball. This + convolution is comparatively defective in animals generally, but + more developed in birds of superior vocal powers. In addition to + this, he observed the growth extending into the temples, where the + front and middle lobes unite. “A great diameter in this direction,” + he says, “is always a favorable augury for the memory of words. I + have seen persons who with an ordinary conformation of the eyes + yet learned by heart with great facility. But in these cases the + diameter from one temple to the other is ordinarily very considerable, + <a class="pagenum" id="page9" title="9"></a>and sometimes even the inferior part of the temples is projecting, + which attests a great development of the adjacent cerebral + parts.”</p> + + <p>Thus it is evident that he recognized the structure behind the + external angle of the eye as an important part of the organ of + language.</p> + + <p>The interior portion of the convolution is the more intellectual + portion of the organ, while the exterior portion is that which holds + the closest relation to the fibres of the <em>corpora striata</em> in the middle + lobe, and may therefore most properly be called the organ of + language or of speech, the impairment of which produces aphasia, or + loss of speech. This is the form which has chiefly attracted the + attention of the medical profession, as it very often accompanies + paralytic affections from disease of the <em>corpora striata</em>.</p> + + <p>Evidently Gall arrived at the correct location, and he illustrates + the discovery by referring to a great number of authors and + scientists whose development he observed. His most decisive fact + is the case of a patient who lost the memory of names entirely, but + not the power of speech, by a thrust from a foil, which penetrated + through the face, the posterior inner part of the front lobe, at its + junction with the middle lobe, thus wounding the internal part of + the organ of language, but not reaching the outer posterior part, at + the island of Reil, to which pathologists have given their chief attention.</p> + + <p>Evidently Gall had the correct idea, and should have been duly + credited by the pathologists who have verified his discovery.</p> + + <p>In verifying this discovery by excitement of the organs, I find + the centre of language behind the external angle of the eye, on each + side of which, toward the nose and toward the temples, are analogous + functions which might, if we did not analyze closely, be included + with it, as portions of the organ of language.</p> + + <p>The discoveries of Gall, though no longer sustained by colleges + or phrenological societies, have never lost their hold upon the + students who follow his teachings and study nature. A few phrenological + writers and lecturers maintain the interest among those + they reach, but our standard literature generally ignores the + doctrines, and forgets the name of Gall. Yet the eclipse is not total. + It will pass away as this century ends, and the fame of the great + pioneer in science will be immortal, for it rests not on any wave of + eighteenth century opinion, but is based on that which is “immutable + and eternal.”</p> + + <p>Yet so thoroughly has the present generation of physicians been + misled by the colleges into ignorance of the labors of Gall, that + although they know the location of the faculty of language is now + beyond doubt, they do not think of the discoverer or understand his + discoveries, but vaguely suppose that Ferrier, Jackson, Fritsch, + Hitzig, and others have entirely superseded Gall by their inferences + from experiments on the brains of animals. In this how greatly are + they deceived! All that modern vivisectors have done has utterly + failed to disturb the cerebral science derived from cranial observation + <a class="pagenum" id="page10" title="10"></a>by Gall and myself, and from direct experiment by myself. On + the contrary, the immense labor of their researches serves only to + add new illustrations and facts corroborating and co-operating with + what was previously ascertained, as will be fully shown when + “Cerebral Psychology” shall be published.</p> + + <p>It was once supposed that the intellectual functions of the front + lobe were entirely refuted by discoveries which proved the front + lobe the source of muscular impulses. More thorough experimenting + dissipated this illusion. Ferrier reported that after a partial + ablation of the front lobes in intelligent monkeys, “instead of, as + before, being actively interested in their surroundings and curiously + prying into all that came within the field of their observation, they + remained apathetic or dull, or dozed off to sleep, responding only to + the sensations or impressions of the moment, or varying their + listlessness with restless and purposeless wanderings to and fro. + They had lost to all appearance the faculty of attentive and intelligent + observation.” This is precisely what the true cerebral psychology + indicates. The imaginary muscular powers were not at all + detected, for the section of the front lobe had no influence on the + muscular system.</p> + + <p>The science of Gall was a science of facts relevant to great principles. + The science of his opponents was a science of irrelevant + facts, revealing no philosophy. Students of nature adhered to Gall; + students of books and adherents of authority neglected him. Of + this there is no better illustration than the great collection of + De Ville in London, of which the following account is given in the + admirable treatise on phrenology (of 637 pages) by Dr. James P. + Browne of Edinburgh.</p> + + <p>“How wide and various are the channels through which the phrenologist + derives his facts. In society, whichever way he turns, they + are constantly being presented for his contemplation. Besides there + is not a city or town of any note that does not contain a collection + of authentic casts of well-known persons; and up to the year 1853, the + gallery of Mr. De Ville, in London, contained the largest and most + valuable phrenological collection in the world of casts and skulls of + men and women remarkable for the greatness of their talents, or the + peculiarities of their dispositions; including above three hundred + busts, both antique and modern, of the most renowned men the world + has ever seen. The whole number amounted at least to three thousand. + About two thousand skulls of animals of every denomination + were also to be found there. There could be seen the form of head + which accompanied the <em>poetical instincts</em> and high moral aspirations of + the poor peasant boy, John Clare; and how strikingly dissimilar it was + in its most marked characteristics to the head of George Stevenson, + one of the most original of <em>mechanical</em> geniuses. Both were self-taught, + but one was intensely <em>active</em>, the other <em>cogitative</em>. The mind + of Clare was constantly engaged in poetical musings upon the moral + affections, their pains and their pleasures; that of Stevenson was + drawn by an inherent impulse to physical objects, and perseveringly + <a class="pagenum" id="page11" title="11"></a>devoted to the discovery of such mechanical combinations of them + as might be of lasting benefit to society. There might be pointed + out the cause of the difference of style which characterized the + oratory of Mansfield and Erskine, of Canning and of Brougham: + and that which constituted the elements of mind and their combinations, + which raised Edmund Burke, as a prescient statesman, to a + height such as neither Pitt, nor Fox, nor even Chatham was capable + of reaching. There might be seen in Banks’s fine bust of him, the + cause why Warren Hastings, though he was endowed with many + good qualities which endeared him to his friends, was, nevertheless, + covetous, self-willed, domineering, unjust, and, in some instances, + pitiless, as Governor-General of India. What a contrast to this did + the bust of the Marquis of Wellesley, by Nollekens, present. Not + only did it indicate that the disposition of that distinguished statesman + was unimbued with the slightest tincture of hypocrisy, avarice, + or the love of self-willed domination, but, on the contrary, it was + phrenologically symbolic of an instinctive carelessness in regard to + his own pecuniary interests, a disposition which in his case, perhaps, + amounted to a fault, and which his intellect, capacious of great + things, and comparatively heedless of whatever is little, was ill-calculated + to redress. There might be seen in Behnes Burlowe’s + bust of Macintosh indications of the vastness of his intellect, and + the unobtrusive gentleness of his disposition; whilst Chantrey’s + exquisite bust of Lord Castlereagh afforded marked indications of + his having been endowed with courage the most heroic, unalloyed + by the slightest tinge of complexional fear, and with an intellect well + balanced, devising, and industrious, but certainly narrow in its range as + compared with that of Sir. J. Macintosh. There, too, might be seen + the true physical indications of the imperturbable coolness of Castlereagh, + and of the sensitiveness and warm susceptibility of Canning.</p> + + <p>“Amongst the skulls of birds how readily could the practised + observer distinguish the skull of the tuneful, melodious canary from + that of the chirping, inharmonious sparrow. Nor could he fail to + mark the constant difference between the form of the head of a song + thrush and that of the jackdaw; or to discern how the cuckoo’s + head is hollow where the organ of the love of offspring is located, + whilst the same part presents a striking protuberance in the partridge. + In the dolphin, the porpoise, the seal, and many other animals, + the male could there be distinguished from the female by the + form of the back part of the skull, where the same organ lies. Nor + could any one fail to mark the form of head that is the invariable, + and evidently indispensable, concomitant of the ferocious and sanguinary + temper of the tiger, as well as the strong contrast which it + presents to the skull of the wild but gentle gazelle. How superior also + the elevated brain of the poodle dog, when compared with that of the + indocile, snarling cur! Thus in animals of the same species the + most marked disparity of form is easily discernible, on comparing + the skulls of such as are docile and gentle, with those of the dull and + intractable. The elevation of the one and the depression of the other + are obvious.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page12" title="12"></a>“In an ethnological point of view that collection was very valuable. + What a striking contrast was presented there by the rounded form + of the skull of the fierce, indomitable American Indian, who is so + averse to intercourse with strangers, and the rather narrow, elongated + head of the indolent negro, who is devoted to social enjoyments. + How wide was the difference between the head of the Sandwich + Islander or of the Tahitian and that of the Australian or the Tasmanian. + How much superior to either of them were the heads of + the civilized Incas of Peru, which had not been submitted to the + distorting process of artificial compression. Neither could the wide + disparity between the Maori and the Gentoo escape the notice of + the most careless observer. And how immeasurably inferior in + form were they all to the noble head which is the issue of the mingling + of the Celtic, Saxon, and Norman races (imbued with an infusion + of old Roman, blood), such as it is found to be in these islands, + and in the United States.</p> + + <p>“Perhaps it may not be considered out of place if I relate a circumstance + of considerable interest to those who make it a point to make + strict inquiry as to the amount of knowledge which certain races are + capable of imbibing.</p> + + <p>“Some twenty years ago and more, when the great anatomist, Tiedemann, + was in London, he paid a visit to De Ville’s Phrenological + Museum. I saw him as he entered the place. He was erect and + tall, with an air somewhat stately, yet perfectly unassuming. His + head was not so remarkable for great size as for its fine symmetry, + and the organs of the moral and intellectual portions of it were in a + rare degree harmoniously blended. It was the characteristic head + of a curious, indefatigable, conscientious inquirer into the <em>arcana</em> of + physical things—one who was not given to indulge in unprofitable, + visionary speculations. His visit to De Ville being strictly private, + there was no opportunity afforded me of hearing his remarks. + But, afterwards, it was told me by De Ville himself, that Tiedemann + supposed (and in this he resembled all other opponents of phrenology) + that because he had tested the capacity of a great many negro + and European skulls, by filling them with millet seed, and found + that, on an an average, those of the Africans were scarcely inferior + in size to the skulls of Europeans—that from that fact he thought + it probable that the negro, if placed in advantageous circumstances, + ought to be capable of exhibiting powers of mind equal to the + European.</p> + + <p>“But when the humble, self-educated follower of Gall demonstrated + to this celebrated physiologist and anatomist that the <em>forehead</em> of the + negro is <em>usually</em> much smaller than that of the European, and that, + moreover, its form, with few exceptions, is irregular and ill-balanced; + and when he showed that the size of the negro skull in the basilar + portion, where the organs of the affections (which we possess in + common with the lower animals) lie, was, in proportion to the upper + and anterior parts, which are the seats of the moral and intellectual + faculties, larger in the negro than in the European—when De + Ville showed, by many instances, that this is always and infallibly + <a class="pagenum" id="page13" title="13"></a>the case (with the exception of the heads of criminals), Tiedemann + raised his hands and said, ‘The labor of years is now, I clearly see, + of no use to me; and I must destroy many valuable things bearing + upon this theme.’ Thus, by following the <em>true</em> mode of investigating + this department of natural history, was an uneducated man, of + good talents, enabled to correct a mistake in anatomy and physiology + committed by one of the ablest anatomists that Europe has + given birth to.</p> + + <p>“For the long term of twenty-two years the writer of this treatise + took every opportunity, afforded him by the kindness of its generous + owner, to study the contents of this rare collection; and, after having + studied it with assiduous care, he is bound to say that out of the + hundred thousand facts which it contained, not one could be pointed + out that did not testify to the never-failing agreement of particular + parts or organs of the brain, with certain independent, elementary + faculties, according to the laws discovered by Gall.</p> + + <p>“It is with the view of demonstrating the stability and unchangeableness + of those laws that the composition of this treatise has been + undertaken; in order to excite in its regard such a degree of attention + as will tend to awaken it from the state of inauspicious somnolency + in which it has for some years lain prostrate. But, strongly + impressed with a conviction of the importance of the subject, and + fully alive to the difficulty of treating it, the writer cannot help + being crossed by fears for the success of this attempt. Relying, + however, upon the solidity of the foundation upon which his subject + rests, and surveying the vast store of accumulated materials which + have, for more than thirty years, been constantly passing through + his hands, and the facts which are now strewn before him in whatever + society he may be placed, he would fain hope that even his + humble abilities will enable him to make such a selection of incontrovertible + facts as will place beyond a doubt the possibility of determining + the innate talents and dispositions of any one by making a + skilful survey of the head; and, should he succeed in merely raising + a more general spirit of active inquiry in regard to the nature of + the evidence adduced, and the deductions drawn from it by phrenologists, + than at present exists, he will have reaped a fair reward for + his efforts, for he has long been thoroughly convinced that a strict + and faithful examination of the facts which bear upon the case is + alone requisite for converting the incredulous scoffer into the zealous + advocate.”</p> + + <p>Having thus vindicated the claims of the great pioneer in philosophy, + our next issue will show the limitations of his discoveries, and + give an outline of the new and all-comprehensive Anthropology.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="aside"> + <p><strong class="headline">Therapeutic Sarcognomy.</strong>—The publication of this work has + been laid aside to introduce the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite>. It will appear + during the present year, but not in a cheap abridged form as first + proposed. It will be an improved edition.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art3"> + + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page14" title="14"></a>The Great Land Question.</h2> + + <p class="subtitle">AGITATED BY HENRY GEORGE, MICHAEL DAVITT, PROF. WALLACE, DR. EADON + AND REFORMATORY SOCIETIES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND GERMANY.</p> + + <p><span class="first_word">They</span> who in the fearless pursuit of truth attain ideas for which + the age is not prepared are recognized as Utopians. The dullards + who have not the desire, and <em>therefore</em> have not the capacity to seek + new truth, languidly regard as dreamers the men who talk of things + so foreign to their own habits. The more dogmatic class, inspired + by the dogmatism of the colleges, array themselves in scorn to repel + new thought. But, fortunately, as men die they fail to transmit + <em>all</em> of their bigotry to posterity, and new men come in with new + ideas.</p> + + <p>In that new world of thought to which anthropology belongs, the + basis of social order is understood, and I felt it my duty in 1847 to + present the law of justice in relation to “The Land and the People,” + with very little hope that the doctrine presented would ever become + in my own lifetime a basis of political action, since other ideas + equally true and equally demonstrable have to bide their time. + But the toilers who suffer from the lack of employment have furnished + an eager audience to the land reformers, and the great land + question is destined to agitate the nations for a century to come. + The <cite>Boston Globe</cite> recently called attention to the original presentation + of this subject at Cincinnati, in the following editorial:—</p> + + <p>“There seems to be a notion prevalent that the ideas advocated + by Mr. George are novel. But they are not. They once more + illustrate the familiar fact that there is nothing new under the sun. + Much the same doctrines were urged here in America at least forty + years ago, and were the subject of comment in the papers of the day.</p> + + <p>“Dr. J. R. Buchanan, now of Boston, presented the case at Cincinnati + in 1847 much as it is now put by Mr. George and Mr. Davitt. + The Memphis <cite>Appeal</cite> of September 23 of that year, gave an elaborate + review of Dr. Buchanan’s essay, in which it said:</p> + + + <blockquote><p>“‘The Land and the People’ is the title of a well-written pamphlet from + the pen of Dr. J. R. Buchanan of Cincinnati, formerly known to our citizens + as an able and accomplished lecturer on the science of neurology. It + is quite plain from the production in question that the doctor has not confined + himself to the study of the physiological system, of which we believe + he is the author, but has evidently thought deeply upon other subjects + vitally concerning the well being and progress of society. Whatever may + be thought of the positions of this pamphlet, we cannot deny to it the merit + of great beauty of style and force of logic. The whole argument is based + upon the proposition that the earth is the original gift of God to man, and + as such belongs of right to the human race in general, and not to the individuals + of the race separately. The author insists that the land is not the + product of man’s labor any more than air, sunshine, or water, and that originally + this gift of God ought to have been left as free as those lighter, but + <a class="pagenum" id="page15" title="15"></a>indispensable elements must ever be, from their very nature. The artificial + and unnatural laws which have sprung up and become fastened upon society + have thrown immense obstacles in the way of the bare perception of this + great truth, as the doctor deems it, besides at the same time interposing + barriers almost insurmountable to its reception and adoption into the framework + of government. It is insisted, however, that these obstacles may be + overcome, and the rights of the people restored to them, without any injustice + to the present proprietors of land, and without any convulsions in the + great elements of society.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>“Dr. Buchanan explained in his essay, as Mr. George does in his + works now, that he did not mean to annul the existing titles to land. + ‘Far from it,’ Dr. Buchanan said. ‘Such a scheme would be a miserable + climax of folly and injustice, fit only to render the great principle + equally odious and ridiculous.’ The doctor insisted that he + proposed to ‘maintain in legislation the broad principle that the + nation owns the soil, and that this ownership is paramount to all + individual claims,’ and from this fundamental proposition as a corner-stone + the superstructure was to be built up. The present proprietors + of the soil were not to be disturbed in their possession, and the + government was not to interfere in the details of agriculture, renting + and leasing estates, determining possession, etc. But the owners were + to be considered as the tenants of the nation, paying rent to it + for the benefit of the people at large. This rent was to be extremely + small at first, estimated upon the value of the soil alone, without the + improvements, that being the original gift of nature, free to all. It + was to be increased, however, in the course of two generations, until + a rent of about 5 per cent should have been exacted from all the + tenants of the nation—that is, from all who occupied any portion + of the soil. The rent thus raised—a vast revenue—was to be + applied to the establishment of free colleges, free schools, free libraries, + and other institutions calculated to improve and benefit the citizen.</p> + + <p>“This is the doctrine, substantially, as put forth at the present + time by Mr. George, and by so many persons supposed to be entirely + new. Again we remark that ‘there is nothing new under the sun.’”</p> + + <p>This subject will be taken up hereafter in the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite>. + Its progress as a policy will be noted, its writers reviewed, and the + dictates of dispassionate science presented. It is too late to intercept + the folly and crime that have surrendered the rights of the people + in the American continent, but not too late to begin reclamation + of our lost sovereignty.</p> + + <p>We shall have ample discussions of this subject. Mr. George has + given us “Progress and Poverty” (cloth, $1.00; paper, 20 cents); + “Social Problems,” at the same price; “The Land Question” (paper, + 10 cents); “Property in Land” (paper, 15 cents); “Protection + or Free Trade” (cloth, $1.50). At Baltimore a volume has been + issued as one of the Johns Hopkins University studies in political + and historical science, written by Shosuke Sato, Ph. D., Special + Commissioner of the Colonial Department of Japan. N. Murray is + the publishing agent, and the price in paper is $1.00. This work is + <a class="pagenum" id="page16" title="16"></a>a “History of the Land Question in the United States,” and + describes the formation of the public domain by purchase and cession, + and the entire administration of the land system of the United + States. The land laws of early times and of other countries are + stated in the introduction. Another very instructive work recently + issued is entitled, “Labor, Land, and Law; a Search for the Missing + Wealth of the Working Poor,” by William A. Phillips; published + by Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. Mr. Phillips has + been a member of Congress from Kansas, and his work is an extensive + view of the land question in other countries as well as the + United States.</p> + + <p>In the near future this must be the burning question of politics + and statesmanship, as it is at present in Great Britain. The agitations + in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales have long been on the verge + of bloody conflict, and a Land League has been formed in Germany + at Berlin, of which Dr. A. Theodor Stamm is president, having for + its object the transfer of land ownership from individuals to the + State. A newspaper at Berlin is devoted to its objects.</p> + + <p>A few facts show how inevitable the conflict that is coming, while + the agricultural classes of all Europe are being driven by American + competition deeper and deeper into poverty and inability to pay + rent, which can never be again what it has been. The New York + <cite>Evening Post</cite> very justly says: “The truth is, we are witnessing in + Ireland the gradual disappearance of rent. The land is no longer + able to support anybody but the actual cultivator. To make this + process peaceful, and as far as possible harmless to all parties, ought + to be the chief concern of the Government.” Landlordism in Great + Britain has small claims upon our sympathy, for the great body of + the land is held by titles which have no other basis than the robbery + of old by military power. According to John Bright, in + England and Wales one hundred persons own 4,000,000 acres; in + Scotland twelve persons own 4,346,000 acres, and seventy persons + own the half of Scotland; nine tenths of all the land in Scotland + belongs to 1,700 persons, the rest of the population having only one + tenth. In Ireland less than 800 persons own half of all the land, + and 330 persons own two thirds of all the land in Scotland; 402 + members of the House of Lords hold 14,240,912 acres, with a rental + of $56,865,637.</p> + + <p>It is no wonder that the tenants of the Duke of Argyle have + risen against the police that enforce the landlord’s claims, and that + the Welsh resistance against tithes has impoverished the Welsh + clergy.</p> + + <p>The Irish agitation has a just basis, which was well stated by the + Boston <cite>Herald</cite> as follows:—</p> + + <p>“The assertion has been frequently made that rents have increased + more in England than in Ireland; but one of the ablest + English statisticians, a man who can hardly be accused of partiality + toward Ireland, has recently pointed out that while in the forty + years from 1842 to 1882 the rents in England increased on an + average 15 percent, the rents in Ireland in the same period increased + <a class="pagenum" id="page17" title="17"></a>on an average 20 per cent, and this, too, in a country where farming + has been carried on on a low scale of culture, where the landlord + has done practically nothing for his tenant, and where the results of + the harvest are more uncertain than in England. It is the constant + desire that the Irish landlords have shown in the past to get the + last pound of flesh and the last drop of blood out of their tenants + that is the cause of the present detestation in which they are held by + the latter.”</p> + + <p>In the United States the public domain has been criminally surrendered + to monopoly. Commissioner Sparks speaks in his reports + of the “widespread, persistent land robbery.” The fences of land + robbers have been removed from 2,700,000 acres, and over 5,000,000 + will probably be redeemed. In fifteen years, 179,000,000 of acres + have been given by Congress to various railroad corporations, a + larger territory than the empire of Germany. Before these wrongs + were consummated, nearly forty years ago, I called a public meeting + in the Cincinnati court house, which protested against this surrender + of the people’s domain. The present agitation will probably bring it + to an end. In the Congressional debates last June Mr. Eustis said + “the railroad men had made fortunes as mushrooms grow in the + night; a coterie of such men had enriched themselves at the + expense of the people of the United States. They did not observe + equity, honesty, or good faith, and only came here to assert their + legal rights and to defy the authority and power of Congress and the + people of the United States to deal with them. The great question + to-day was whether the government was superior to the corporations, + or the corporations superior to the government. The corporations + had exhibited shameless and unpardonable oppression and + extortion, as well as effrontery in their dealing with the people and + the Government of the United States.” “Our people and our country,” + said the speaker, “were only able to stand the drafts thus + made on their liberties because they were yet young and strong and + vigorous.” Mr. Eustis advocated the forfeiture of every acre of + land that had not been earned according to the strict limitations + and conditions imposed in the grant.</p> + + <p>In the house of Representatives, December 11, 1886, Mr. Payson + of Illinois, on behalf of the Committee on Public Lands, called up + the bill declaring a forfeiture of the Ontonagon and Brule River + land grant. In detailing the circumstances of the grant Mr. Payson + declared that from the organization of the Ontonagon and Brule + River Company no step had ever been taken by it which did not + indicate that that organization had been purely speculative and + effected for the purpose of getting land from the General Government. + It had been an attempt at bare-faced robbery from its inception + down to the present time. Referring to the statement made + by persons interested in the road, that it had been accepted by commissioners + and reported upon as having been built in first-class + style, he asserted that miles of the road had no other ballast than + ice and snow, which, melting in spring, left the rails held in suspension + eight inches above the ground. In support of his assertion, + <a class="pagenum" id="page18" title="18"></a>he produced photographs of various sections of the road and + commented upon them, much to the amusement of the House. A + bridge, as depicted by the photograph, he declared to be humped + like a camel and backed like a whale. A section of a mile in length + showed but one railroad tie; while a 250-foot cut was shown as + being filled with logs and brush. The bill was passed without division. + It forfeits 384,600 acres.</p> + + <p>The march of monopoly must be arrested in the United States + and Mexico. A New England company has obtained from Mexico + eighteen millions of acres in lower California. All over the world + the curse of land monopoly flourishes undisturbed. The natural + result of landlordism everywhere is already foreshadowed in this + country by the example of William Scully in Illinois. The Chicago + <cite>Tribune</cite> one year ago devoted four columns to the career of Scully, + a resident of London, who owns large tracts of American land, and + has introduced the Irish landlord system in managing his American + property. The <cite>Tribune</cite> said:—</p> + + <p>“Scully is one of the chief figures among the alien proprietors of + American soil, and has introduced the meanest features of the worst + forms of Irish landlordism on his estates in this country. He has + acquired in the neighborhood of 90,000 acres of land in Illinois + alone, at a merely nominal figure—50 cents to $1 per acre, as a + rule. His career as an Irish landlord was a history of oppression + and extortion, that was appropriately finished by a bloody encounter + with his tenants. He was tried and acquitted on the charge of + double murder, but became so unpopular that in 1850 he sold most + of his Irish property, and has since devoted himself to building up a + landlord system in Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, and other States. He + made entries of the public domain through the medium of the land + warrants issued to Mexican war soldiers, which he purchased at the + rate of 50 cents per acre. In Logan County, Ill., alone, he has + 40,000 to 45,000 acres. It is the almost universal testimony that + Scully’s rule in that county has reduced 250 tenants and their + families to a condition approaching serfdom. Furthermore, Scully + pays no taxes, the tenants signing ironclad agreements to assume + the same, but they are required to pay to Scully’s agents the tax + money at the same time as the rentals—the 1st of January of each + year; whereas, the agent need not turn over the taxes to the county + treasurer until about June 10 following. It is suggested that + Scully probably makes a handsome percentage on the tax money + remaining in his hands for five months. It is also shown that a + great deal of this alien’s land entirely escapes taxation, thus increasing + the burden on other property holders; that he takes the most + extraordinary precautions to secure his rent, executing a cast iron + lease, with provisions that mortgage the tenant’s all, scarcely allowing + his soul to escape, and making it compulsory for small grain to + be sold immediately after harvest, no matter what may be the condition + of the market; that grain dealers are notified not to buy of + the tenants until Scully’s rent is paid; in short, that Scully has + founded a land system so exacting that it is only paralleled in + <a class="pagenum" id="page19" title="19"></a>Ireland, and rules his tenantry so despotically that few can be + induced to tell the story of their wrongs, justly feeling that it would + involve ruin to them.”</p> + + <p>Much sympathy has been excited by the reports of cruel evictions + in Ireland, to gratify the merciless avarice of landlords, and for the + justice of these reports we need not depend on Irish testimony alone. + American travellers have told enough, and the London <cite>Standard</cite> of + Jan. 18 says: “Some of this winter’s evictions have been inhuman + spectacles, fit only for a barbarous country and a barbarous age.”</p> + + <p>There is nothing intrinsically wrong in the relation of landlord and + tenant, which should excite a prejudice against the landlord; on the + contrary, many landlords have been a blessing to the communities + in which they lived; but our land system is a conspicuous part of a + grandly false social system based on pure selfishness, which makes all + men jealous competitors, and destroys the spirit of fraternity.</p> + + <p>Our social system tends ever to make the rich richer and the poor + poorer, and the struggle in Ireland is but the forerunner of a + movement that will extend around the globe. Is there no remedy + for the evils? Indeed there is! Sixty years of thought have made + me familiar with the evils and the remedies. Some of the remedies + are coming to the front at present. All will in time be presented in + the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite>.</p> + + <p>Land reform is but one of the great measures that progress demands. + The first and greatest is a <strong class="extra_emphasis">PERFECT EDUCATION</strong> for all, + moral and industrial. The second is <strong class="extra_emphasis">SPIRITUAL RELIGION</strong>. The + third is <strong class="extra_emphasis">JUSTICE TO WOMAN</strong>. The fourth, which is <strong class="extra_emphasis">JUSTICE IN LEGISLATION</strong>, + includes land reform, financial reform, and many other + reforms. The fifth is <strong class="extra_emphasis">INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATION</strong>. The sixth is + <strong class="extra_emphasis">TEMPERANCE</strong>.</p> + + <p>The first reform includes all the others. The second would ultimately + bring all things right, and so would the third in a longer + lapse of time.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Anthropology</strong> is the intellectual guidance into all reforms, and + therefore should precede all. Hence it is the leading theme of this + Journal.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art4"> + + <h2 class="title">The Sinaloa Colony.</h2> + + <p><span class="first_word">Mankind</span> would be one family or group of families, if the principles + of Jesus could be imparted to the human race. But the robber + races that occupy this globe at present are intensely hostile in feeling + to that life of Christian love which is commanded in the books + which they honor with their lips.</p> + + <p>The so-called civilized races of to-day are as intensely barbarian + at heart, notwithstanding the superficial varnish of literary civilization, + as the hordes of Attila and Genghis Khan. Witness the attitude + of Germany and France (the great exemplars of literary civilization), + each eagerly preparing for a deadly conflict.</p> + + <p>Yet in all ages there have been those whom nature has qualified + for a better life, who wish to live in harmony, and turn with weariness + <a class="pagenum" id="page20" title="20"></a>and disgust from the present forms of avaricious strife, rivalry, + and fraud. If the best of these could be gathered in one community, + a better state of society could be organized.</p> + + <p>Horace Greeley sympathized with such movements, and about + forty years ago gave much space in the <cite>Tribune</cite> to the illustration + of this subject. Although the co-operative principles of Fourier, + then widely discussed, have not resulted in any great success in + community life in the United States, it can also be said that experiments + have not shown the doctrines of Fourier to be impracticable. + The best thinkers have not lost their faith, and the example of M. + Godin at Guise in France, with a population of 1,800 in the Social + Palace enjoying the very Utopia of happy and prosperous co-operative + life, is a splendid demonstration of what is possible, and a + standing rebuke to the churches of civilized nations which have not + even noticed this grand demonstration of the possibilities of + humanity.</p> + + <p>The grandest and most hopeful co-operative scheme yet proposed + is that of Mr. Albert K. Owen, entitled the “Credit Foncier of Sinaloa,” + which has been established at the harbor of Topolobampo, + in the state of Sinaloa, on the western coast of Mexico, where a + large and liberal grant has been obtained from the Mexican government + for the Credit Foncier Company, chartered by the state of + Colorado, Mr. Owen being chairman of the Board of Directors. Its + headquarters were at rooms 7 and 8, 32 Nassau Street, New York, + and the members of the community are already gathered in considerable + numbers at Topolobampo. The Credit Foncier of Jan. + 11 reports over 4,800 persons enlisted for the colony, and over + sixteen thousand shares of stock sold.</p> + + <p>This is not a unitary community, in which the individuality of + the members is lost, but a co-operative corporation, owning its lands as + a society, and abolishing at once the primary evils of land monopoly + and a false financial system. As stated by Mr. E. Howland, “the + community is responsible for the health, usefulness, individuality, + and security of each member, and at the same time each will feel + secure in his social and individual rights in the existence of the collective + ownership and management for public utilities and conveniences, + instead of the disorganized chaos in which to-day we + live.”</p> + + <p>A system of distribution will be adopted, doing away with the + immense cost of trade as at present conducted. The laborer will be + protected against misfortune by a system of insurance and a pension + in old age. Employment and opportunity will be provided for all, + and education provided for all children. It is upon this education + that the <em>ultimate</em> success of the society must depend, for it is impossible + to organize a perfect society of those whose characters have + been moulded by the present antagonistic condition of society. All + grand ideals must look to the future for their realization. That + such realization may occur in the Sinaloa colony is indicated by the + following quotation from the exposition of the Credit Foncier by + Mr. Howland.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page21" title="21"></a>“As we shall have to, at least during this generation depend upon + the colonization of persons who have been subject to the influences + of society as it is, we would only say, that the new truths concerning + moral education contained in ‘The New Education’ by Mr. J. R. + Buchanan, have been carefully examined by the writer of this, and + its most important lessons shall be applied in the organization of our + schools; for the power of love can be unquestionably applied, + not only as a cure for the evils produced inevitably by the + system of competition, but also as a miraculous agent in aiding + the progress of society to an inconceivably higher plane of human + life.”</p> + + <p>The newspaper in exposition of the society entitled, “The Credit + Foncier of Sinaloa,” published at $1 a year, at Hammonton, New + Jersey, will be issued hereafter at Topolobampo, Mexico. A + report descriptive of the site of the colony and the surrounding + country (price six cents) and a map of the colony’s site (price ten + cents) may be obtained by addressing the editor, E. Howland, at + Topolobampo, Mexico.</p> + + <p>While the Journal is going through the press, the colonists are + gathering in large numbers, and by our next issue we may have + some account of the commencement of this noble enterprise.</p> + + <p>Its founder, Mr. A. K. Owen, is a gentleman of great energy and + enterprise, guided by noble principles, a skilful surveyor and engineer. + About fourteen years ago he made extensive exploration in + Mexico, especially on its Pacific Coast, discovered and reported + Topolobampo Bay, and introduced the scheme of the Norfolk & + Topolobampo Railroad, which he urged upon the attention of Congress, + winning the approbation of committees, but finally defeated + by the great railroad corporations. He took an active part in + Mexican affairs, forming gigantic plans for the public welfare, by a + syndicate at the head of which was Gen. Torbert, which were defeated + by a shipwreck in which Gen. Torbert was lost, and himself + narrowly escaped death. He then organized with the co-operation of + Gen. Grant, Gen. Butler, and other distinguished men, the “Texas, + Topolobampo & Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Company,” and + obtained a concession of 2,000 miles of railroad and a subsidy of + $16,000,000. Hon. Wm. Windom was president, and Mr. Owen + chief engineer. In 1873 he located a hundred miles of the road + from Topolobampo eastwardly, and two years ago the construction + commenced. Thus in the midst of a life of great activity and experience + in engineering, finance, politics, reform, and travel, Mr. + Owen, as a practical and skilful manager of great undertakings, + inspired by a strong democratic philanthropy, has laid the plan of + a co-operative colony on the basis of liberal concessions from the + Mexican government, and opened a field in which his democratic + ideas of human rights, of land, labor, finance, hygiene, freedom, and + general reform, can have full scope.</p> + + <p>Mr. Owen’s ideas and plans are stated in a book of two hundred + pages, published by Jno. W. Lovell, 14 Vesey Street, New York, and + sent by mail for thirty cents. It is not a systematic treatise, but a + <a class="pagenum" id="page22" title="22"></a>miscellaneous collection of documents which give a good deal of + information.</p> + + <p>The Topolobampo scheme is one requiring great skill and executive + ability in the directors, as well as a harmonious and energetic + spirit in the colonists. The climate, soil, and opportunities are no + doubt the best that have ever been accorded to a scheme of co-operation, + and when its success has been realized, it may be accounted + the most important social event of the century, for it will be the + dawn of peace to a warring world, the promise of harmony between + all the restless and convulsive elements of civilized society.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art5"> + + <h2 class="title">Health and Longevity.</h2> + + <p><span class="first_word">Upon</span> these subjects the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> has a new physiological + doctrine to present, which may be stated in the initial + number, and will be illustrated hereafter.</p> + + <p>In the volume of “Therapeutic Sarcognomy,” which was so + speedily and entirely sold upon its publication, it was clearly demonstrated + that the doctrine of vitality taught at this time in all + medical colleges is essentially erroneous, and that human life is + not a mere aggregate of the properties of the tissues of the human + body, as a house is an aggregate of the physical properties of bricks + and wood, but is an influx, of which the body is but the channel + and recipient.</p> + + <p>That demonstration need not be repeated just now, as my object + is merely to state the <em>position</em> of the <cite class="name">Journal</cite>. Life is an influx + from the world of invisible power, aided by various forms of influx + from the material world, without which it would promptly cease. + If this naked statement should seem fanciful or erroneous to any + reader, he may be just to himself by suspending his opinions until + he shall have received the demonstration. We have all been + educated into false opinions on this subject, and it is almost as difficult + for the American scholar to release himself from the influence + of education and habit in such matters, as for the Arab to release + his mind from the influence of the Koran.</p> + + <p>It has been only within the last ten years, and as the sequel of investigations + of the seat of life beginning in 1835, that I succeeded + in ascertaining the absolute falsity of the doctrines on this subject + maintained by all scientific biologists at the present time, and demonstrating + that the human body is only a tenement, of which life is + the builder, and which drops into decay when life deserts it to meet + its more congenial home in a nobler realm.</p> + + <p>It is not therefore in the physical but in the spiritual constitution + that the real basis of his character, his health, and longevity is + to be found, for the primitive germ or protoplasm of man cannot + be distinguished from that of a quadruped or bird. It is the invisible + and incalculable life element that contains the potentiality or + possibility of existence as a quadruped or a man, as a virtuous or + <a class="pagenum" id="page23" title="23"></a>vicious, and as a long lived or short lived, being. The life element of + the germ limits the destiny of the being. That life element is invisible.</p> + + <p>This truth, however, does not contradict the truth of development + and the capacity of science to estimate the probable health or + longevity of an individual from his organization, for the life force + organizes a body in accordance with its own character; and the + development of the entire person shows the character of the vital + force as modified by the environment of food, air, motives, and education. + The brain, no less than the body,—indeed, more fully than + the body,—shows the elements of the life and the tendency to + health and longevity, or the reverse, upon which an expert cranioscopist + can give an opinion.</p> + + <p>In accordance with the doctrine of influx and in accordance with + the functions of the brain we are compelled to recognize health and + longevity as more closely associated with the higher than the lower + faculties,—the moral rather than the animal nature. This is the + reason that woman, with a feebler body but a stronger moral nature, + ranks higher in health and longevity than man; and although from + four to sixteen per cent more males are born, women are generally + in predominance, often from two to six per cent. The researches of + the Bureau of Statistics of Vienna show that about one third more + women than men reach an advanced age. De Verga asserts that of + sudden deaths there are about 100 women to 780 men. The inevitable + inference is that the cultivation of virtue or religion is the + surest road to longevity, and the indulgence in vice and crime the + most certain ruin to the body and soul.</p> + + <p>There is a curious illustration of these principles in the evidence + of life insurance companies in reference to spirit drinking and + abstinence. The oldest two life insurance companies of England, + the General Provident and the United Kingdom, have made records + for forty-five years which distinguish the total abstainers and the + moderate drinkers. Drunkards they do not insure at all. The care + with which lives are selected for insurance results in a smaller rate + of mortality among the insured than in the entire population. This + gain was but slight among those classed as moderate drinkers, for + their mortality was only three per cent less than the average mortality; + but among the total abstainers it was thirty-one per cent less. + Thus the proportion of deaths among moderate drinkers compared + to that of total abstainers is as 97 to 69.</p> + + <p>The temperance advocate would assume that this was owing entirely + to the deleterious effects of alcohol, and that is partially true; + but there is a deeper reason in the difference of the two classes of + men. The man in whom the appetites are well controlled by the + higher energies of his nature, and who has therefore no inclination + to gluttony or drunkenness, has a better organization for health and + longevity than he in whom the appetites have greater relative power, + and who seeks the stimulus of alcohol to relieve his nervous depression. + The inability or unwillingness to live without stimulation is + a mark of weakness, which is an impairment of health; and this + <a class="pagenum" id="page24" title="24"></a>weakness predisposes to excessive and irregular indulgence, though + it may not go so far as intoxication.</p> + + <p>The effects of marriage furnish a parallel illustration. It is well-known + that bachelors are more short lived than married men, but + this is not owing <em>entirely</em> to the hygienic influence of marriage. It + is partly owing to the inferiority of bachelors as a class. The men + who remain celibate are either too inferior personally to win the + regard of women, or are generally deficient in the strong affections + which seek a conjugal life, and the energies which make them fearless + of its responsibilities and burdens. Evidently they have not as + a class the robust energies of the marrying men, and the urgent + motives to compel them to regular industry and prudence. Everything + which stimulates men to exercise the nobler qualities of their + nature is promotive of health and longevity; and the <em>true</em> religion + which anthropology commends will increase human longevity in + proportion as it prevails.</p> + + <p>In future numbers the true basis and indications of longevity in + man will be fully illustrated.</p> + + <p>The attainable limits of human longevity are generally underrated + by the medical profession and by popular opinion. Instead of + the Scriptural limit of threescore and ten I would estimate twice + that amount, or 140 years, as the ideal age of healthy longevity, + when mankind shall have been bred and trained with the same wise + energy that has been expended on horses and cattle. Of the + present scrub race, a very large number ought never to have been + born, and ought not to be allowed to transmit their physical and + moral deficiencies to posterity.</p> + + <p>The estimate of 140 years as a practicable longevity for a nobler + generation is sustained by the number of that age (fourteen, if I + recollect rightly) found in Italy by a census under one of the later + Roman emperors. But for the race now on the globe a more applicable + estimate is that of the European scientist, that the normal + longevity of an animal is five times its period of growth,—a rule + which gives the camel forty years, the horse twenty-five, the lion + twenty, the dog ten, the rabbit five. By this calculation man’s + twenty years of growth indicate 100. But growth is not limited to + twenty, and if we extend the period of maturing to twenty-eight, + the same rule would give us 140 as an age for the best specimens of + humanity, which has been attained in rare cases, its general possibility + in improved conditions being thus demonstrated.</p> + + <p>There are many fine examples of longevity at this time. The + famous French chemist Chevreul has just completed his hundredth + year at Paris, in the full vigor of his intellect.</p> + + <p>The <cite>Novosti</cite>, a Russian journal, recently mentions the death in the + almshouse of St. Petersburg of a man aged 122 years, whose mental + faculties were preserved up to his death, and who had excellent + health to the age of 118.</p> + + <p>We have similar examples in the United States. Mrs. Celia Monroe, + a colored woman, who died a few weeks ago at Kansas City was believed + to be 125. She was going about a few days before her death.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page25" title="25"></a>Farmer O’Leary of Elkton, Minnesota, is over 112. Noah Raby + of Plainfield, New Jersey, is in his 115th year. He supports himself + by his work in the summer, and looks like a man of 80.</p> + + <p>Of very recent deaths we have: Amos Hunt of Barnesville, + Georgia, who died at 105, leaving twenty-three of his twenty-eight + children. Mrs. Raymond of Wilton, Connecticut, was still living + recently in her 106th year. Ben Evans, part Indian, part negro, a + great hunter of Wilkes County, Georgia, died at 107; baptized after + he was 100. Mrs. Betsy L. Moody died on the 4th of July in Cape + Elizabeth, Maine, aged 104. Wm. Henry Williams of Cincinnati, + died a few months ago at 102. James Fitzgerald of Prince + Edwards Island, over a hundred years old, is still able to work. + Mrs. Lydia Van Ranst lately died on East 16th Street, New York, + aged 100 years and ten months; and Mrs. Johanna O’Sullivan in + Boston in her 103d year. Mrs. Betsy Perkins of Rome, N. Y., + was apparently in excellent health when she died suddenly at the + breakfast table in her 101st year. Rev. Hugh Call died in Wayne + County, Indiana, at 104. After his hundredth year he once fancied + death was near, and sent for his family to see him die; but when + they arrived in midwinter, they found the old man busy cutting + wood to make a fire for his visitors.</p> + + <p>Many of these examples show that the faculties of both soul and + body ought to be maintained in good condition to the last, as fruit + falls from the trees ripe and perfect. When we leave our earthly + tenement, we ought to leave it in a respectable condition, and not + carry any infirmities from it to the better world.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art6"> + + <h2 class="title">Remarkable Fasting.</h2> + + <p>“<span class="first_word">Signor</span> Merlatti, a young Italian, completed in December his + fifty days’ fast, at the Grand Hotel, Paris, in time to enjoy the festivities + of the holidays. Unlike his rival, Succi, he partook of no + mysterious elixir, but existed on water alone. At the conclusion of + his feat, he was so nearly dead that the surgeons were anticipating + by way of dissection more light on the effects of privation from food. + He was barely able to move about without help. His stomach was + unable to hold any solids, and at the big banquet over which he + presided he could not have had a very convivial time, as he was + unable to take a mouthful of food. He has since gradually recovered. + Succi, meanwhile, is engaged in another fast. He fences and + takes any amount of exercise, to show that his mysterious liquid is + what does it.”</p> + + <p>This is a little over the record of Dr. Tanner, but the result is + very different. Dr. Tanner came out in good condition, with a + splendid and healthy appetite. In the first twenty-four hours he + ate something every hour or two, indulging largely in watermelons, + milk, apples, beefsteak, potatoes, English ale, and Hungarian wine. + He gained eight and a half pounds weight in thirty hours. Everybody + was astonished, and the doctors were confounded; the crowd + <a class="pagenum" id="page26" title="26"></a>cheered, and the music resounded as the fast was finished and the + feasting began in Clarendon Hall, the doctor being in as good + health and spirits as when he began, except as to physical strength.</p> + + <p>Now it is proper to mention what I believe has not before been + published, having been carefully concealed by Dr. Tanner. As he + was encountering the whole force of a brutal prejudice in the medical + profession, and trickery and falsehood were used to defeat him + by Dr. Hammond and Dr. Landon C. Gray, (a shabby story indeed, + if the whole truth is ever told,) Dr. Tanner did not think it safe to + elicit any additional hostility by confessing his mediumship.</p> + + <p>The whole performance was a <em>triumph of spiritual power!</em> Dr. + Tanner came to me in New York to aid him in giving a demonstration + of his fasting power, which had been denied in an insolent and + scurrilous manner by Dr. Hammond and others. Dr. Hammond, + with a great deal of duplicity and unfairness, evaded the test, and it + was carried out with the aid of other parties in a very satisfactory + manner.</p> + + <p>The organization of Dr. Tanner was not such as I would have + selected for a fasting performance, and he did not undertake it on + his own resources alone. He was thoroughly a medium, and, when + in my parlor, Indian spirits would take control of him, and carry him + through a lively performance, speaking through his lips, and promising + to sustain him through the fast; and they did. I have no doubt + that with a suitable organization, such as is more frequently found + in India than in America, a fast could be sustained by spirit power + for six or twelve months. Indeed, there are records of such fasts in + the old medical authors, which are omitted in all recent works. The + spirit of dogmatic scepticism had carried the medical profession + generally into such a depth of ignorance on these subjects that Dr. + Landon C. Gray declared that a forty days’ fast had never occurred, + and that if Dr. Tanner attempted it, it must be assumed “that he + will cheat at every turn.”</p> + + <p>The kind of sentiment cultivated by colleges in the medical profession + was shown by the deportment of the medical visitors. The + report of the fast says:—</p> + + <p>“The most curious episodes, probably, on the whole, were afforded + by the appearance of sceptics, and members of the medical profession + from the country. Many of the latter came long distances to + satisfy their respective curiosity, or vent their scepticism, as the case + might be. As a rule they were long-visaged, not a few were unkempt, + and many were downright seedy in wearing apparel. Almost + invariably they insisted upon boring the doctor with numberless + questions, many of which were idle. The majority displayed ignorance, + and it might truthfully be said, they were rude almost without + exception. One man insisted upon feeling Dr. Tanner’s arms + and legs; another wanted to feel his pulse; a third demanded a view + of his tongue; a fourth declared food must be given to him surreptitiously, + else he would be dead; a fifth wanted to search his + pockets; the sixth asserted his professional reputation (<em>sic</em>) that + there was fraud about the whole business; the seventh had some + <a class="pagenum" id="page27" title="27"></a>patent surgical, or other appliance, which he wished to test upon + the patient; and yet another wanted to analyze even the water he + used, before the faster drank it.</p> + + <p>“The effect of these boors in their constant inroads upon a fasting + man, whose surroundings and conditions were not of the best, to say + the least, may be easily imagined. When these fanatics were prevented + by the watchers from extracting what little of life was left in + the object of their devotions, their indignation took various forms of + expression. As a rule they denounced the whole thing as a humbug, + and every one participating as frauds. Now and then it became + positively necessary, in common decency and self-respect, to show + these charlatans the way to the door, notwithstanding their protests + that they had paid twenty-five cents for the purpose of ventilating + their empty heads. As a general thing, by Dr. Tanner’s direction, + the admission fee was returned to these people. Even on the thirty-ninth + day, when the doctor desired all the quiet he could obtain, one + of these gentry, who said he was a physician from Long Island, + talked so loudly that he had to be called to order, and then nothing + daunted, he asked the faster to go in his enfeebled condition to the + south gallery, where his writing materials were, to prepare an + autograph for the applicant. The <cite>Herald</cite> reporter on watch at the + time, through whom the request was made for the autograph, gave + the fellow a settler by remarking, that he, as a layman, thought the + first rudiments taught in the medical profession, were those of feelings + of humanity.</p> + + <p>“Then the wits had their time of it. They showered in caricatures + and doggerel by the barrel. None enjoyed these more than the + doctor himself. By his direction the funniest of the cartoons were + pasted against the wall of the gallery in which the doctor slept and + the watchers sat. Above the whole was the legend in German text, + ‘Tanner Art Gallery,’ and during the closing days and hours of the + fast it was a source of much attraction and a great deal of merriment + to the thousands of visitors who sought the place.”</p> + + <p>Before the fasting began I witnessed an amusing specimen of the + medical scepticism. One of the medical visitors inspected the hall + closely, and finding in the back part that a piece of nearly worn out + carpet remained on the floor, proceeded to rip it up and tear it away, + as if he suspected there might be a trap door concealed.</p> + + <p>Medical education has been miserably cramped and benighted by + the total ignoring of the nobler element of the human constitution.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art7"> + + <h2 class="title">Cerebral Psychology.</h2> + + <p><span class="first_word">The</span> comprehensive system of science developed by experiment + on the brain, perfected by psychometric exploration, demonstrated + by pathognomy, corroborated by personal experiences and the sensations + of the head, enforced and illustrated by the study of comparative + development throughout the animal kingdom, based upon anatomy, + <a class="pagenum" id="page28" title="28"></a>illustrated by pathology, and proven by every examination of + a living head, as well as every scientific experiment upon the brain + in sensitive and intelligent persons, has now been for forty years in + the hot crucible of experimental physiological investigation by vivisection, + ablation, autopsy, and electricity, and still remains as the + solid gold of eternal science.</p> + + <p>The labors of Ferrier, Fritsch, Hitzig, Schiff, Bastian, Charcot, + and others, have added many valuable facts; but no new fact can contradict + a fact previously well observed, and nothing has occurred to + dethrone the founder of cerebral science, Dr. Gall, who ranks immeasurably + beyond all his contemporaries, and who prepared the way for + the full development of Cerebral Psychology, resulting from the discovery + of the <em>impressibility of the brain</em>, which has opened the entire + realm of <em>cerebral psychology</em>, and through that has given us access to + every realm of wisdom.</p> + + <p>The long expected and long promised work upon this subject cannot + be published now, for it requires an amount of elaborate research + and criticism to bring the new discoveries <em>en rapport</em> with the investigations + of more than a hundred physiologists and anatomists, + whose labors should not be overlooked in a complete or systematic + work uniting anatomy to psychology.</p> + + <p>Under these circumstances it is necessary and practicable, since + my “System of Anthropology” has been entirely out of the market + for thirty years, to present a concise exposition of cerebral psychology + and physiology, to satisfy those who perceive the inadequacy of the + Gallian system, and who are aware that my discoveries have thoroughly + revolutionized as well as enlarged cerebral science, rendering + the old term phrenology inadequate to express its present status.</p> + + <p>I propose therefore to publish in the successive numbers of this + Journal a concise “Synopsis of Cerebral Science,” giving as concisely + as possible the outlines of that vast theme, in so clear and + practical a manner that each reader can test its truth in nature by + examining character, correcting the errors of phrenology, demonstrating + the science by his own experiments, and applying its principles + in the treatment of disease, in experimental investigation, in + education, self-culture, and elocution. This may satisfy the urgent + present demand, until time shall permit a satisfactory work, containing + the illustrations and proofs, the important modern discoveries in + cerebral anatomy and vivisecting experiments, as well as the vast + and interesting philosophy into which we are led by cerebral + science. The March number will contain the first instalment, and + its publication will be continued through the volume.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art8"> + + <h2 class="title">Music.</h2> + + <p><span class="first_word">The</span> claims of music were never so thoroughly presented as in the + “New Education,” in which it was shown that music was the most + effective of all agents for the cultivation of man’s higher nature, and + the elevation of the world from its purgatory of selfishness, poverty, + <a class="pagenum" id="page29" title="29"></a>and crime. This idea was most fully realized by <em class="name">Mrs. Elizabeth + Thompson</em>, who has spent a considerable amount in promoting the + currency and use of music, especially of a religious character.</p> + + <p>The idea that music should exercise a world redeeming power, and + promote all social advancement, must appear strange, when first + mentioned to those who are familiar only with fashionable operatic performances + and the heartless style of vocal and instrumental music + in vogue at the centres of musical education, which is robbed as + thoroughly as possible of all ethical life, all soul inspiring power.</p> + + <p>There is music, however, which sways our noblest emotions, + which can bring smiles to the face or tears to the eyes, hope to the + dejected or courage to the timid,—which can rouse the strongest + impulses of love and duty. The musical reformer who shall change + the tide of popular music from its present low channels to that + higher sphere of sweet and noble sentiments, will be far more than + a Wagner,—aye, more than a Luther.</p> + + <p>Dr. Talcott, Superintendent of the Middleton, N. Y., State + Asylum of the Insane, has introduced music into all of the wards of + his institution with excellent results, judging from his last annual + report, from which the following is extracted. “It is said, that + before Moses dwelt upon the banks of the Nile, the Egyptians + erected temples and altars for the treatment of the insane; and, + among the most notable measures for the accomplishment of the + cure of lunatics, music took an exalted rank. There can be no + doubt that music exercises a potent influence in producing calm and + restfulness in minds which are disturbed by cerebral diseases. + Musical instruments have been provided in nearly every ward, and + the results have been most favorable. Even turbulent patients will + subside when the pleasures of music are afforded to them. One of + the most effective attendants we ever had upon our disturbed wards + was a good musician. After his work was done, he would sit down + among his patients, and play upon the violin. Immediately the + most excited persons in the ward would group themselves about him, + and listen with profound attention so long as he continued to play + for them. Where good music can be provided for the turbulent + insane, there exists but little necessity for restraint of a physical + nature.”</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art9"> + + <h2 class="title">Insanity.</h2> + + <p><span class="first_word">The</span> tendency of modern civilization is toward insanity. It is + increasing throughout Christendom, and far more where the boasted + influences of modern education and the so-called progress are most + fully realized. The whole fabric of education and society is unsound, + and this is proved by the results.</p> + + <p>A true civilization advancing in wisdom must develop the ability + to correct its own evils, but the civilization that we have is drifting + on, downward and helpless.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page30" title="30"></a>The philosophy of insanity and the philosophy of its remedial + treatment can be found only in the profound study of the brain, and + its relations to the soul and body. But there is not a glimmer of + the psychic science of the brain to-day in our colleges. In due time, + this theme shall be discussed in the Journal.</p> + + <p>A proper understanding of this subject will show what method of + life and thought tends toward insanity, and by what methods we + escape it. It will show also the relation of disease to insanity, and + the proper methods of moral and physical treatment.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art10"> + <h2 class="title">Miscellany.</h2> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc1"> + <p><strong class="headline">Our Narrow Limits and Future Tasks.</strong>—As the Journal + goes to press I realize vividly how utterly inadequate a dollar + monthly is for the expression of the new philosophy, even in the + most condensed form, and for the periscope of progress that it + should contain. A large amount of desirable matter is necessarily + excluded. Nevertheless a modest beginning is prudent; for the vitality + of a young journal, whether daily, weekly, or monthly, is as + delicate as that of an infant. It is to be hoped that the friends of + progress will secure patronage enough to the Journal this year to + justify its enlargement in 1888. Meantime the minister whose circuit + embraces many stations cannot visit them all each week. In + like manner the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> has too large a circuit to + approach each of its themes every month. The science of man + being the highest and most comprehensive of themes, occupies the + chief position in the first number. Hereafter we must consider in + succession such themes as</p> + <ol> + <li><strong class="emphasis">Psychometry</strong> and its revelations; <strong class="emphasis">Spiritual</strong> science and philosophy.</li> + <li><strong class="emphasis">Medical</strong> progress and reform; <strong class="emphasis">Hygiene</strong> and temperance.</li> + <li><strong class="emphasis">Educational</strong> principles and progress; <strong class="emphasis">Progress</strong> in science and invention.</li> + <li>The truth in <strong class="emphasis">Religion</strong>; the prevention of <strong class="emphasis">War</strong>.</li> + <li><strong class="emphasis">Land and Labor</strong> questions; the extinction of <strong class="emphasis">Monopolies</strong>.</li> + <li><strong class="emphasis">Woman’s</strong> rights and progress; the condition of the <strong class="emphasis">World</strong>.</li> + </ol> + <p>And a score of other important themes. It may be two years before + they can all be reached. Those who preserve their Journals will in + time have a small library, embodying the knowledge that progressive + minds would cherish.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc2"> + <p><strong class="headline">Palmistry.</strong>—Mr. E. Heron-Allen, a very intelligent gentleman + from England, with a fashionable prestige, has been interesting the + fashionables of New York and Boston in palmistry, or, as he calls it, + cheirosophy, with considerable profit to himself. The human constitution + is so unitary in itself that every portion reveals much of + the whole. Physicians learn a great deal from the globules of the + blood, others draw many inferences from the excretions. The + amount of study given to the hand renders it probable that palmistry + may have considerable value as a physiognomic science. As + it comes now in a fashionable style it may flourish, but of course it + <a class="pagenum" id="page31" title="31"></a>was only a vulgar imposture when practiced by gypsies. Circumstances + alter cases.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc3"> + <p><strong class="headline">Suicide.</strong>—Eight months of the present year show 150 suicides + in the German army. Suicides will be greatly diminished when + nations disband their armies.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc4"> + <p><strong class="headline">Theosophist Reviews.</strong>—The <cite>Theosophist</cite>, published at Madras, + India, may be considered the leading organ of Oriental Theosophy; + the <cite>Path</cite>, published at New York, bids fair as the American representative + of the Theosophic School; and Lady Caithness, Duchesse + de Pomar, has started at Paris a review devoted to theosophy and + occult science.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc5"> + <p><strong class="headline">Apparitions of the Dead.</strong>—Prof. Barrett of the English + Psychical Research Society, states that: “It has been demonstrated + almost as certainly as has been the law of gravitation, that scores of + cases have occurred where some persons in one town, have, at a certain + hour or minute, seen the figure of a friend flit across the room, + and have afterwards discovered that at that very hour and minute + the friend breathed his last in a distant town, or, may be, in a + foreign country. Now these cases are inexplicable by any formula + of science, yet that they have happened is scientifically proved.”</p> + + <p>Notwithstanding the good intentions of some of the members of + that society, its general conduct has been so unfair in its investigations + that Stainton Moses, the vice-president, has felt it to be his + duty to resign and withdraw. The truth is, the pioneers in philosophy + can expect no cordial co-operation and no real justice from their + oldtime opponents. The American Psychic Research Society is far + behind the English.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc6"> + <p><strong class="headline">Human Responsibility.</strong>—A girl was taken before the Paris + tribunal charged with stealing a blanket. She pleaded that she was + under the influence of another person and could not help herself. + In prison it was found that she was in a hypnotized condition, and + acted readily under the commands of others, doing anything that was + told her. She was examined by a commission of Chacrot, Brouardel, + and Mollett, who reported that this condition came from the use of + morphia, suffering, and hunger; that these suggestions from others, + acting on an unstable nervous organism, greatly deranged by + morphia and other causes, rendered her irresponsible for her acts. + She was acquitted.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc7"> + <p><strong class="headline">Human Tails.</strong>—M. Eliseff presented to the French Anthropological + Society a woman with a caudal appendage covered with hair. + This anomaly was present in several of the maternal ancestors of + the woman.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc8"> + <p><strong class="headline">Men who Live in Trees.</strong>—Dr. Louis Wolf, who made the sensational + discovery a while ago that the Sankuru River afforded a + <a class="pagenum" id="page32" title="32"></a>more direct and more easily navigated route to Central Africa than + the Congo, made another discovery in the course of the same + journey which was quite as remarkable if not so important. On the + banks of the Lomami River, far toward the centre of the continent, + he says he found whole villages that were built in the trees. The + natives, partly to protect themselves from the river when in flood, + and partly to make it more difficult for their enemies to surprise + them, build their huts on the limbs of the trees where the thick + foliage almost completely hides the structures from view. The inmates + possess almost the agility of monkeys, and they climb up or + descend from their little houses with astonishing ease. It is believed + they are the only Africans yet known who live in trees.</p> + + <p>In Borneo some of the natives are said to live in trees, and Mr. + Chalmers, in his book on New Guinea, tells of a number of tree + houses that he visited on that island. These huts, which are built + near the tops of very high trees, are used for look-out purposes, or + as a place of refuge for women and children in case of attack. + They are perfect little huts with sloping roofs and platforms in front, + to which extends the long ladder, by means of which the natives + reach the huts. Mr. Gill describes one of these houses which was + used as a residence. He says it was well built, but that it rocked + uncomfortably in the wind.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc9"> + <p><strong class="headline">Protyle.</strong> The address of Professor William Crookes before the + British Association, upon the “Genesis of the Elements,” is one of + the most important contributions to chemical philosophy that has + been published for a long time. Reasoning from the recently discovered + law of periodicity among the elements, he discusses the + possibility of their being formed from the cooling of one primitive + form of matter, which he calls <em>protyle</em>. While he admits that we + have no direct evidence that the elements are different manifestations + of the same form of matter, yet he thinks that the observed phenomena + of chemistry and physics point very strongly to such a conclusion, + and agrees with Faraday, that, “to decompose the metals, + then to reform them, to change them from one to another, and to + realize the once absurd notion of transmutation, are the problems + now given to the chemist for solution.” We consider Professor + Crookes to be one of the most eminent scientists now living, and + any views he may advance are entitled to serious consideration.—<cite>Popular + Science News.</cite></p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc10"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Keeley Motor</strong>, at Philadelphia, which has long been regarded + as a visionary or deceptive enterprise, is coming out now + with the endorsement of engineers who have witnessed its operation + and say that it develops a new power which cannot be accounted + for by any of the known laws of dynamics. It may, however, be a + long time before the proper machinery can be invented and constructed + for bringing this power into use.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div class="article" id="art11"> + + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page33" title="33"></a>Human Anomalies, Moung Phoset, Mahphoon, and the + Giant Winkelmeier.</h2> + + <div class="image"> + <img id="fig1" src="images/fig1.png" width="675" height="353" title="Left: Moung Phoset. Right: Mahphoon." alt="Head and shoulders engravings of a man and a woman whose faces are completely covered with well-groomed hair." /> + </div> + + <p><span class="first_word">Every</span> departure from the stereotyped plan of humanity is an + interesting proof of the vast capacities of nature, and therefore a + prophecy of possible variation and grander development for the + coming generations; hence the hairy family—Moung Phoset, his + mother, Mahphoon, and the giant Winkelmeier—are deeply interesting + to the anthropologist.</p> + + <p><em class="name">Winkelmeier</em>, according to the <cite>London Standard</cite>, is now in + London at the Pavilion, standing <em>eight feet, nine inches high</em>, a foot + higher than Chang, the Chinese giant, and evidently the tallest man + living. He was born in 1865, in Upper Austria. Neither his four + brothers, parents, nor grandparents, are unusually tall. He is + healthy, strong, and intelligent, and is expected to continue + growing.</p> + + <p><em class="name">Moung Phoset</em>, and his old mother, <em class="name">Mahphoon</em>, whose pictures + are here given, are now in London on exhibition. They were the + hairy family of King Theebaw of Burmah, and when Theebaw was + captured by the British army, they escaped to the jungle, where + they were robbed by Dacoits, but were recovered by Captain Piperno, + and brought to England. Moung Phoset, like his mother, has + his face and entire body covered by long, fine hair, from five to + twelve inches long, which even fills the ears, and on the forehead is + so long that it has to be drawn back over the ears to uncover the + eyes. He is an intelligent and well-behaved man, and has a fair + Burmese education. His wife, however, is a common Burmese + woman. Moung Phoset, having no children, is the last of a hairy + species, which it is said, originated in his great grandfather, who was + caught wild in the forest between Upper Burmah and Siam.</p> + + <p>Hairy irregularities, according to Darwin, are associated with + irregularities of the teeth. In Moung Phoset the molar teeth are + deficient.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="business"> + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum hidden" id="page34" title="34"></a>BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.</h2> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p>The <strong class="name">Business Department</strong> of the Journal + deserves the attention of all its readers, as it will be + devoted to matters of general interest and real + value. The treatment of the opium habit by Dr. + Hoffman is original and successful. Dr. Hoffman + is one of the most gifted members of the medical + profession. The electric apparatus of D. H. Fitch + is that which I have found the most useful and satisfactory + in my own practice. Bovinine I regard as + occupying the first rank among the food remedies + which are now so extensively used. The old drug + house of B. O. & G. C. Wilson needs no commendation; + it is the house upon which I chiefly rely for + good medicines, and does a very large business with + skill and fidelity. The <cite>American Spectator</cite>, edited + by Dr. B. O. Flower, is conducted with ability and + good taste, making an interesting family paper, + containing valuable hygienic and medical instruction, + at a remarkably low price. It is destined + to have a very extensive circulation. I have + written several essays in commendation of the + treatment of disease by oxygen gas, and its + three compounds, nitrous oxide, per-oxide and + ozone. What is needed for its general introduction + is a convenient portable apparatus. This is now + furnished by Dr. B. M. Lawrence, at Hartford, + Connecticut. A line addressed to him will procure + the necessary information in his pamphlet on that + subject. He can be consulted free of charge.</p> + + <p>The spiritual newspapers, The Banner, The Religio-Philosophical + Journal, Light for Thinkers, + Golden Gate, Carrier Dove, and World’s Advance + Thought, embody a large amount of the leading + truths of the age. He who does not read one of + them robs himself of instruction and pleasure. + Facts is just what its name indicates, a concise + collection of interesting spiritual facts. Hall’s + Journal of Health has an established reputation, + and of late is better conducted than ever.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3 class="title">College of Therapeutics.</h3> + <p>The large amount of scientific and therapeutic + knowledge developed by recent discoveries, but not + yet admitted into the slow-moving medical colleges, + renders it important to all young men of + liberal minds—to all who aim at the highest rank + in their profession—to all who are strictly conscientious + and faithful in the discharge of their + duties to patients under their care, to have an + institution in which their education can be completed + by a preliminary or a post-graduate course + of instruction.</p> + + <p>The amount of practically useful knowledge of + the healing art which is absolutely excluded from + the curriculum of old style medical colleges is + greater than all they teach—not greater than the + adjunct sciences and learning of a medical course + which burden the mind to the exclusion of much + useful therapeutic knowledge, but greater than + all the curative resources embodied in their instruction.</p> + + <p>The most important of these therapeutic resources + which have sometimes been partially + applied by untrained persons are now presented + in the College of Therapeutics, in which is taught + not the knowledge which is now represented by + the degree of M. D., but a more profound knowledge + which gives its pupils immense advantages + over the common graduate in medicine.</p> + + <p>Therapeutic Sarcognomy, a science often demonstrated + and endorsed by able physicians, gives the + anatomy not of the physical structure, but of the + vital forces of the body and soul as located in every + portion of the constitution—a science vastly more + important than physical anatomy, as the anatomy + of life is more important than the anatomy of + death. Sarcognomy is the true basis of medical + practice, while anatomy is the basis only of operative + surgery and obstetrics.</p> + + <p>Indeed, every magnetic or electric practitioner + ought to attend such a course of instruction to + become entirely skilful in the correct treatment of + disease.</p> + + <p>In addition to the above instruction, special + attention will be given to the science and art of + Psychometry—the most important addition in + modern times to the practice of medicine, as it + gives the physician the most perfect diagnosis of + disease that is attainable, and the power of extending + his practice successfully to patients at any + distance. The methods of treatment used by + spiritual mediums and “mind cure” practitioners + will also be philosophically explained.</p> + + <p>The course of instruction will begin on Monday, + the 2d of May, and continue six weeks. The fee + for attendance on the course will be $25. To + students who have attended heretofore the fee will + be $15. For further information address the + president,</p> + + <p class="sign">JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN, M. D.<br /> + <span class="address name">6 James St., Boston.</span></p> + + <p>The sentiments of those who have attended these + courses of instruction during the last eight years + were concisely expressed in the following statement, + which was unanimously signed and presented + to Dr. Buchanan by those attending his last + course in Boston.</p> + + <p>“The undersigned, attendant, upon the seventh + session of the College of Therapeutics, have been + delighted with the profound and wonderful instructions + received, and as it is the duty of all who + become acquainted with new truths of great + importance to the world, to assist in their diffusion, + we offer our free and grateful testimony in the + following resolutions:</p> + + <p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That the lectures and experiments of + Prof. Buchanan have not only clearly taught, + but absolutely demonstrated, the science of Sarcognomy, + by experiments in which we were personally + engaged, and in which we cannot possibly + have been mistaken.</p> + + <p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That we regard Sarcognomy as the + most important addition ever made to physiological + science by any individual, and as the basis + of the only possible scientific system of Electro-Therapeutics, + the system which we have seen + demonstrated in all its details by Prof. Buchanan, + producing results which we could not have believed + without witnessing the demonstration.</p> + + <p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That Therapeutic Sarcognomy is a + system of science of the highest importance, alike + to the magnetic healer, to the electro-therapeutist, + and to the medical practitioner,—giving great + advantages to those who thoroughly understand it, + and destined to carry the fame of its discoverer to + the remotest future ages.”</p> + + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1"><a class="pagenum" id="page35" title="35"></a>The “Chlorine” Galvanic and Faradic Batteries.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">APPARATUS AND MATERIALS.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Description, Prices, and Testimonials Mailed Free, on Application.</p> + <div class="letter"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="location">6 James St., Boston, Mass.</span>, February 8, 1886.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_5"><strong class="name">D. H. Fitch</strong>, Cazenovia, N. Y.:</p> + <p><span class="salutation">Dear Sir:</span> Your last letter has a valuable suggestion. Your + Carbon Electrodes <span class="extra_emphasis">ARE</span> the very best now in use, and Metallic + Electrodes are objectionable from the metallic influence they impart, + even if no metal can be chemically traced into the patient.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4">J. R. BUCHANAN, M. D.</p> + </div> + <div class="letter"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="location">Aurora, Ill.</span>, Dec. 24, 1886.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_5"><strong class="name">D. H. Fitch</strong>, Cazenovia, N. Y.:</p> + <p>I am very glad to inform you that the battery which I purchased from + you seven months ago is better than you represented it, and works as + well to-day as it did on the first day.</p> + <p>The cells have not been looked at since they were first placed in the + cabinet. The battery is always ready and has never disappointed me.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="closing">Resp’y yours,</span><br /> + H. G. GABEL, M. D.</p> + </div> + <div class="letter"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="location">Worcester, Mass.</span>, Aug. 10, 1886.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_5"><strong class="name">D. H. Fitch</strong>, Cazenovia, N. Y.:</p> + <p><span class="salutation">Dear Sir</span>: Over a year ago, as you will remember, I bought of + you one of your “Chlorine Batteries” of twenty-five cells. This I + placed in the cellar and connected with my office table for use there. + It has been in almost daily use since without ever having to do the + first thing to it, not even refilling, and now, after a year’s + service, I cannot see but that it runs just as well as it did the + first day I used it, and the battery is just as clean as when put in, + nor the least particle of corroding. This is a better record than any + other battery can furnish with which I am acquainted. I can only say I + am more than pleased with it, as every man must be who knows anything + about electricity and has occasion to use a battery for medicinal + purposes.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4">J. K. WARREN, M. D.</p> + </div> + <div class="letter"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="location">Whitestown, N. Y.</span>, April 15, 1886.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_5"><strong class="name">D. H. Fitch, Esq.</strong>:</p> + <p><span class="salutation">Dear Sir</span>: The “Chlorine Battery” is simply admirable, + complete, just the thing.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4">SMITH BAKER, M. D.<br /> + President Oneida Co. Med. Society.</p> + </div> + <div class="letter"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="location">Tyler, Tex.</span>, Feb. 11, 1886.</p> + <p class="addressee"><strong class="name">D. H. Fitch, Esq.</strong>, Cazenovia, N. Y.:</p> + <p>I am so well pleased with your “Chlorine Faradic Machine” that I now + use it in preference to any other. The current is so smooth and + regular that patients like it and seem to derive more benefit from it + than from the same strength of current from any other battery that I + have used. I would not be without it for many times its cost.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4">S. F. STARLEY, M. D.</p> + </div> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">D. H. FITCH,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3"><span class="segment">P.O. Box 75.</span> Cazenovia, N. Y.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">Religio-Philosophical Journal.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">ESTABLISHED 1865.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">92 La Salle Street, Chicago,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">By JOHN C. BUNDY,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION IN ADVANCE:</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8"><span class="segment">One copy, one year</span> $2.50</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Single copies, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.</p> + <p class="">All letters and communications should be addressed, + and all remittances made payable to</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">JOHN C. BUNDY, Chicago, Ill.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">A Paper for all who Sincerely and Intelligently + Seek Truth without regard to Sect or Party.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Press, Pulpit, and People Proclaim its Merits.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_7">Concurrent Commendations from Widely Opposite Sources.</p> + <p>Is the ablest Spiritualist paper in America…. + Mr. Bundy has earned the respect of all lovers of the + truth, by his sincerity and courage.—<cite>Boston Evening + Transcript.</cite></p> + <p>I have a most thorough respect for the <strong class="name">Journal</strong>, + and believe its editor and proprietor is disposed to + treat the whole subject of spiritualism fairly.—<cite>Rev. + M. J. Savage (Unitarian) Boston.</cite></p> + <p>I wish you the fullest success in your courageous + course.—<cite>R. Heber Newton, D. D.</cite></p> + <p>Your course has made spiritualism respected by the + secular press as it never has been before, and compelled + an honorable recognition.—<cite>Hudson Tuttle, + Author and Lecturer.</cite></p> + <p>I read your paper every week with great interest.—<cite>H. + W. Thomas, D. D., Chicago.</cite></p> + <p>I congratulate you on the management of the + paper…. I indorse your position as to the investigation + of the phenomena.—<cite>Samuel Watson, D. D., + Memphis, Tenn.</cite></p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">THE<br /> + WORLD’S ADVANCE THOUGHT,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">A SPIRITED MONTHLY NEWSPAPER,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">(28 × 42 inches,)</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">DEVOTED TO</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">Advanced Spiritual Ideas,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Is published at Salem, Oregon, at One + Dollar a year.</p> + <p>Remit by mail through a post-office order, or a + draft on a bank or banking house in Salem. Send + bank notes in registered letters only. Address</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Progressive Publishing Company,<br /> + <span class="address">SALEM, OREGON.</span></p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">LIGHT FOR THINKERS.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">THE PIONEER SPIRITUAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Issued Weekly at Chattanooga, Tenn.</p> + <table class="ad_table" summary="People of 'Light for Thinkers'"> + <tr><td>A. C. LADD</td> <td>Publisher.</td></tr> + <tr><td>G. W. KATES</td> <td>Editor.</td></tr> + </table> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Assisted by a large corps of able writers.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Terms of Subscription:</p> + <table class="ad_table" summary="Subscription Rates"> + <tr><td>One copy, one year </td> <td>$1.50</td></tr> + <tr><td>One copy, six months </td> <td> .75</td></tr> + <tr><td>One copy, three months </td> <td> .40</td></tr> + <tr><td>Five copies, one year, one address </td> <td> 6.00</td></tr> + <tr><td>Ten or more, one year, to one address, each </td> <td> 1.00</td></tr> + </table> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Single copy, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">FACTS,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">A MONTHLY MAGAZINE,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">DEVOTED TO</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">Mental and Spiritual Phenomena,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">INCLUDING</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Dreams, Mesmerism, Psychometry, Clairvoyance, + Clairaudience, Inspiration, Trance, and Physical + Mediumship; Prayer, Mind, and Magnetic + Healing; and all classes of Psychical + Effects.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Single Copies, 10 Cents; $1.00 per year.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">PUBLISHED BY</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">Facts Publishing Company,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">(Drawer 5323,) BOSTON, MASS.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_7">L. L. WHITLOCK, Editor.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">For Sale by COLBY & RICH, 9 Bosworth Street.</p> + + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">HALL’S JOURNAL OF HEALTH,</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">ESTABLISHED 1854.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_7"><span class="segment">Published Monthly,</span> 206 Broadway, N. Y.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">At $1.00 Per Annum.</p> + + <p>The next issue of this publication will complete + its 33d volume. It is the <strong>CHEAPEST</strong> Family + Health Periodical ever published, and well merits + the liberal patronage it enjoys. To every present + subscriber who will send us an additional one for + the next volume we will remit a handsome premium.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">CAUTION.</p> + + <p>A paper called “Hall’s Health Journal” is endeavoring + to ride into popularity on the strength of + our good name. Let not our patrons be deceived + by it.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">HALL’S JOURNAL OF HEALTH,<br /> + <span class="address">206 Broadway, New York City.</span></p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">THE CARRIER DOVE,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, devoted to</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">Spritualism and Reform.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_9"><span class="segment">Mrs. J. SCHLESINGER</span> Editor.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Terms, $2.50 Per Year, Single Copies, 25 Cents.</p> + <p>Each number will contain the portraits and biographical + sketches of prominent mediums and spiritual + workers of the Pacific coast, and elsewhere, + and spirit pictures by our artist mediums; also + lectures, essays, poems, spirit messages, editorial, + and miscellaneous items.</p> + <p>Address all communications to</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">THE CARRIER DOVE<br /> + <span class="address">854½ Oakland St., California.</span></p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">BANNER OF LIGHT,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">THE OLDEST JOURNAL IN THE WORLD + DEVOTED TO THE</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">SPIRITUAL PHILOSOPHY.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">ISSUED WEEKLY</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">At 9 Bosworth Street (formerly Montgomery Place), + corner Province Street, Boston, Mass.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">COLBY & RICH,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Publishers and Proprietors.</p> + <table class="ad_table emphasis" summary="People"> + <tr><td>Isaac B. Rich</td> <td>Business Manager.</td></tr> + <tr><td>Luther Colby</td> <td>Editor.</td></tr> + <tr><td>John W. 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J. C. HOFFMAN,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_7">JEFFERSON … WISCONSIN.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">OXYGEN TREATMENT.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">LOCAL AGENTS WANTED.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">For terms, address</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">DR. B. M. 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