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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's An American Robinson Crusoe, by Samuel. B. Allison
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: An American Robinson Crusoe
+       for American Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Samuel. B. Allison
+
+Release Date: August 13, 2007 [EBook #22309]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN AMERICAN ROBINSON CRUSOE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar, dpcfmander, Jason Isbell and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>AN AMERICAN</h2>
+
+<h1>ROBINSON CRUSOE</h1>
+
+<h2>FOR AMERICAN BOYS AND GIRLS</h2>
+
+<p class="center">THE ADAPTATION, WITH ADDITIONAL INCIDENTS</p>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>SAMUEL B. ALLISON, Ph.D.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Assistant Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, Ill.</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="center">EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY</p>
+<p class="center">BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Copyright</span>, 1918</p>
+
+<p class="center">BY</p>
+
+<p class="center">EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="400" height="614" alt="Cover illustration" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<h3><a href="#I"><b>I Robinson with His Parents</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#II"><b>II Robinson as an Apprentice</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#III"><b>III Robinson's Departure</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#IV"><b>IV Robinson Far from Home</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#V"><b>V The Shipwreck</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#VI"><b>VI Robinson Saved</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#VII"><b>VII The First Night on Land</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#VIII"><b>VIII Robinson on an Island</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#IX"><b>IX Robinson's Shelter</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#X"><b>X Robinson Makes a Hat</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XI"><b>XI Robinson's Calendar</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XII"><b>XII Robinson Makes a Hunting Bag</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XIII"><b>XIII Robinson Explores the Island</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XIV"><b>XIV Robinson as a Hunter</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XV"><b>XV Robinson's Shoes and Parasol</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XVI"><b>XVI Getting Fire</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XVII"><b>XVII Robinson Makes Some Furniture</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XVIII"><b>XVIII Robinson Becomes a Shepherd</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XIX"><b>XIX Robinson Builds a Home for His Goats</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XX"><b>XX Robinson Gets Ready for Winter</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXI"><b>XXI How Robinson Lays up a Store of Food</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXII"><b>XXII Robinson's Diary</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXIII"><b>XXIII Robinson is Sick</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXIV"><b>XXIV Robinson's Bower</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXV"><b>XXV Robinson Again Explores His Island</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXVI"><b>XXVI Robinson and His Birds</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXVII"><b>XXVII Robinson Gets Fire</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXVIII"><b>XXVIII Robinson Makes Baskets</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXIX"><b>XXIX Robinson Becomes a Farmer</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXX"><b>XXX Robinson as Potter</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXI"><b>XXXI Robinson as Baker</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXII"><b>XXXII Robinson as Fisherman</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXIII"><b>XXXIII Robinson Builds a Boat</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXIV"><b>XXXIV Robinson as a Sailor</b></a> </h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXV"><b>XXXV A Discovery</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXVI"><b>XXXVI The Landing of the Savages</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXVII"><b>XXXVII Robinson as Teacher</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXVIII"><b>XXXVIII Another Shipwreck</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XXXIX"><b>XXXIX Saving Things from the Ship</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XL"><b>XL The Return of the Savages</b></a></h3>
+<h3><a href="#XLI"><b>XLI Deliverance at Last</b></a> </h3>
+<h3><a href="#XLII"><b>XLII Robinson at Home</b></a></h3>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="PREFATORY_NOTE" id="PREFATORY_NOTE"></a>PREFATORY NOTE</h2>
+
+
+<p>"An American Robinson Crusoe" is the outcome of many years of experience
+with the story in the early grades of elementary schools. It was written
+to be used as a content in giving a knowledge of the beginning and
+development of human progress. The aim is not just to furnish an
+interesting narrative, but one that is true to the course of human
+development and the scientific and geographical facts of the island on
+which Robinson is supposed to have lived.</p>
+
+<p>The excuse for departing so widely from the original story is to be
+found in the use which was desired to be made of it. The story here
+presented is simply the free adaptation of the original narrative to the
+demand for a specific kind of content in a form which would be
+interesting to the children.</p>
+
+<p>The teacher is and should be justified in using with entire freedom any
+material accessible for the ends of instruction.</p>
+
+<p>The text as here given has been published with an introduction and
+suggestive treatments as a Teacher's Manual for Primary Grades&mdash;"The
+Teacher's Robinson Crusoe." Explicit directions and ample suggestions
+are made for the use of the story as material for instruction in all the
+language arts, drawing, social history, and the manual arts.</p>
+
+<p>Published by the Educational Publishing Company.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span><br /></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<h2>AN AMERICAN</h2>
+<h1>ROBINSON CRUSOE</h1>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="I" id="I"></a>I</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON WITH HIS PARENTS</h3>
+
+
+<p>There once lived in the city of New York, a boy by the name of Robinson
+Crusoe. He had a pleasant home. His father and mother were kind to him
+and sent him to school. They hoped that he would study hard and grow up
+to be a wise and useful man, but he loved rather to run idle about the
+street than to go to school. He was fond of playing along the River
+Hudson, for he there saw the great ships come and go. They were as big
+as houses. He watched them load and unload their cargoes and hundreds of
+people get off and on. His father had told him that the ships came from
+far distant lands, where lived many large animals and black men. His
+father told him too, that in these faraway countries the nuts on the
+trees grew to be as large as one's head and that the tree were as high
+as church <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>steeples.</p>
+
+<p>When Robinson saw the ships put out to sea he would watch them till they
+would disappear below the horizon far out in the ocean, and think, "Oh,
+if I could only go with them far away to see those strange countries!"
+Thus he would linger along the great river and wish he might find an
+opportunity of making a voyage. Often it would be dark before he would
+get home. When he came into the house his mother would meet him and say
+in a gentle voice, "Why, Robinson, how late you are in getting home! You
+have been to the river again."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 587px;">
+<img src="images/img1.png" width="587" height="431" alt="ROBINSON WATCHING THE SHIPS" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON WATCHING THE SHIPS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Robinson would hang his head and feel deeply ashamed, and when his
+father, who was a merchant, came home from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> the store, his mother would
+tell him that Robinson had again been truant.</p>
+
+<p>This would grieve his father deeply and he would go to the boy's bedside
+and talk earnestly with him. "Why do you do so?" he would say. "How
+often have I told you to go to school every day?" This would for a time
+win Robinson back to school, but by the next week it had been forgotten
+and he would again be loitering along the river in spite of his father's
+remonstrances.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="II" id="II"></a>II</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AS AN APPRENTICE</h3>
+
+
+<p>In this way one year after another slipped by. Robinson was not more
+diligent. He was now almost sixteen years old and had not learned
+anything. Then came his birthday. In the afternoon his father called him
+into his room. Robinson opened the door softly. There sat his father
+with a sad face. He looked up and said, "Well, Robinson, all your
+schoolmates have long been busy trying to learn something, so that they
+may be able to earn their own living. Paul will be a baker, Robert a
+butcher, Martin is learning to be a carpenter, Herman a tailor, Otto a
+blacksmith, Fritz is going to high school, because he is going to be a
+teacher. Now, you are still doing nothing. This will not do. From this
+time on I wish you to think of becoming a merchant. In the morning you
+will go with me to the store and begin work. If you are attentive and
+skillful, when the time comes you can take up my business and carry it
+on. But if you remain careless and continue to idle about, no one will
+eve<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>r want you and you must starve because you will never be able to earn
+a living."</p>
+
+<p>So the next morning Robinson went to the store and began work. He
+wrapped up sugar and coffee, he weighed out rice and beans. He sold meal
+and salt, and when the dray wagon pulled up at the store, loaded with
+new goods, he sprang out quickly and helped to unload it. He carried in
+sacks of flour and chests of tea, and rolled in barrels of coffee and
+molasses. He also worked some at the desk. He looked into the account
+books and saw in neat writing, "Goods received" and "Goods sold." He
+noticed how his father wrote letters and reckoned up his accounts. He
+even took his pen in hand and put the addresses on the letters and
+packages as well as he could.</p>
+
+<p>But soon he was back in his careless habits. He was no longer attentive
+to business. He wrapped up salt instead of sugar. He put false weights
+on the scales. He gave some too much and others too little. His hands,
+only, were in the business, his mind was far away on the ocean with the
+ships. When he helped unload the wagons, he would often let the chests
+and casks drop, so that they were broken and their contents would run
+out on the ground. For he was always thinking, "Wh<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>ere have these casks
+come from and how beautiful it must be there!" And many times packages
+came back because Robinson had written the name of the place or the
+country wrong. For when he was writing the address, he was always
+thinking, "You will be laid upon a wagon and will then go into the
+ship." One day he had to write a letter to a man far over the sea. He
+could stand it no longer. His father had gone out. He threw down the
+pen, picked up his hat and ran out to the Hudson to see the ships, and
+from that time on he spent more time loitering along the river than he
+did in the store.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="III" id="III"></a>III</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON'S DEPARTURE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson's father soon noticed that his son was no longer attending to
+his work, and one morning sent for him to come to his office. When
+Robinson came in his father arose from his chair and looked him long and
+earnestly in the face. Then he said, "I am very sorry, Robinson, that
+you seem determined to continue your evil ways. If you do not do better
+you will grow up to be a beggar or worse." Robinson cast his eyes down
+and said, "I do not want to be a merchant, I would rather sail in a ship
+around the world." His father answered, "If you do not know anything you
+cannot be of use on a ship, and no one will want you. In a strange land
+you cannot live without working. If you run away from your parents you
+will come to be sorry for it." Robinson wept, for he saw that his father
+was right, and he promised to obey.</p>
+
+<p>After two or three weeks, Robinson went to his mother and said,
+"Mother, won't you go to father and tell h<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>im that if he will only let me
+take one voyage and it proves to be unpleasant, I will come back to the
+store and work hard?" But the mother cried. With tears in her eyes, she
+said: "Robinson, your brothers are both dead. You are the only child
+left to us and if you go away, we shall be entirely alone. How easy it
+would be to be drowned in the sea, or torn to pieces by wild animals
+away there in a foreign country. Both your father and myself are getting
+along in years and who will take care of us when we are sick? Do not
+cause us the grief we must suffer if you go away so far amid so many
+dangers. I cannot bear to have you speak of it again."</p>
+
+<p>Robinson did not speak of it again, but he did not forget it. He was
+nineteen years old. It was one day in August that Robinson stood at the
+wharf looking longingly after the departing ships. As he stood there,
+someone touched him on the shoulder. It was a ship captain's son. He
+pointed to a long ship and said, "My father sails to-day in that ship
+for Africa and takes me with him."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, if I could only go with you!" cried Robinson.</p>
+
+<p>"Do come along," cried his comrade.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+<p>"But I have no money," said Robinson.</p>
+
+<p>"That doesn't make any difference," returned the captain's son. "We will
+take you anyway."</p>
+
+<p>Robinson, without thinking for a moment, gave his friend his hand and
+promised to go with him.</p>
+
+<p>So without saying "Good-bye" to his parents, Robinson went immediately
+on board the ship with his friend. This happened on the 10th of August.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 415px;">
+<img src="images/img2.png" width="415" height="429" alt="ROBINSON AND THE CAPTAIN&#39;S SON" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON AND THE CAPTAIN&#39;S SON</span>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IV" id="IV"></a>IV</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON FAR FROM HOME</h3>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON'S VOYAGE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Once on board, Robinson watched the preparations for departure. At
+command the sailors clambered up into the rigging and loosened the
+sails. Then the captain from his bridge called out, "Hoist the anchor!"
+Then the great iron hooks that held the ship fast were lifted up, a
+cannon sounded a final farewell. Robinson stood on the deck. He saw the
+great city shimmer in the sunshine before him. Very fast now the land
+was being left behind. It was not long until all that could be seen of
+his native city was the tops of the highest towers. Then all faded from
+sight. Behind, in front, right and left, he saw nothing but waters.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img3.jpg" width="400" height="479" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>He became a little afraid. At noon there arose a strong wind and the
+ship rocked to and fro. He became dizzy and had to hold fast to
+something. The masts and rigging began to dance. It seemed to him as if
+all was turning around. Suddenly he fell <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>full length on the deck and it
+was impossible for him to get up. He was seasick. He wailed and cried,
+but no one heard him, no one helped him. Then he thought of his home,
+his parents whom he had so ungratefully left.</p>
+
+<p>He had been on the water about two weeks when one day as he lay in his
+room, Robinson heard people over his head running about and crying, "A
+storm is coming!" The ship's sides trembled and creaked. The ship was
+tossed like a nutshell. Now it rolled to the right, now to the left. And
+Robinson was thrown from one side to the other. Every moment he expected
+the ship to sink. He turned pale and trembled with fear. "Ah, if I were
+only at home with my parents, safe on the land," he said. "If I ever get
+safe out of this, I will go home as quickly as I can and stay with my
+dear parents!" The storm raged the whole day and the whole night. But on
+the next morning the wind went down and the sea was calm. By evening the
+sky was clear and Robinson was again cheerful. He ran about the ship. He
+looked at the glittering stars and was contented and happy.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="V" id="V"></a>V</h2>
+
+<h3>THE SHIPWRECK</h3>
+
+
+<p>Several weeks went by. Robinson had long ago forgotten his resolutions
+to return home. It was very hot. The glowing sun beat down upon the
+ship. The wide surface of the sea glistened. No breeze stirred. The
+sails hung loose on the top of the mast. But far away on the shore could
+be seen a black bank of clouds.</p>
+
+<p>All at once the ship was thrown violently to one side by a fierce gust
+of wind. Robinson threw himself on the deck. The sea began to rise and
+fall. The waves were as high as mountains. Now the ship was borne aloft
+to the skies, and now it would seem that it must be overwhelmed in the
+sea. When it sank down between the great waves of water, Robinson
+thought it would never again rise. The waves beat violently on the
+ship's side. Robinson went down the steps into his little room, but he
+came back full of anxiety. He believed every minute he would meet death
+in the waves. The night at last came on. The lightning flashed. The
+storm howled.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> The ship trembled. The water roared. So the night wore on.
+The storm raged for six days. Then on the seventh day it was somewhat
+abated. But the hope was soon dashed. The storm had abated but to get
+new strength. Suddenly it bore down with frightful power on the doomed
+vessel, struck it, and shot it like an arrow through the water. Then
+Robinson felt a fearful crash. The ship groaned as if it would fall into
+a thousand pieces. It had struck a rock and there held fast. At the same
+moment the sailors raised the cry, "The ship has sprung a leak!" The
+water surged into the ship. All called for help. Each one thought only
+of himself. There was only one boat. The others had all been torn away.
+It was soon let down into the sea. All sprang in. For a moment the
+sailors forgot the waves, but all at once a wave, mountains high, struck
+the boat and swallowed it up. Robinson shut his eyes. The water roared
+in his ears. He sank into the sea.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="VI" id="VI"></a>VI</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON SAVED</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson was borne down far, far into the ocean. He attempted to work
+himself up, so that he could see light and breathe the air. But again
+and again the waves carried him down. Finally a wave threw him up and he
+saw, for a moment, the light of day and got a breath of air, but the
+next instant he was deep under the water. Then another wave bore him on
+its crest. He breathed a deep breath and at the same time saw land not
+far away. He bent all his strength toward reaching the land. He got
+almost to it, when a wave caught him and hurled him on a jutting rock.
+With all his strength he seized the rock with both hands and held on.</p>
+
+<p>Presently he worked himself up a little and at last got a foothold. But,
+scarcely had he done so, when his strength left him and he fell on the
+ground as one dead. But he soon revived. He opened his eyes and looked
+around. He saw above him the blue sky, and under him the solid brown
+earth, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>and before him the gray angry sea. He felt to see if he still
+breathed. The storm had destroyed the ship. The waves had overwhelmed
+the boat. The water wished to draw him into the deep. The rocks seemed
+to want to hurl him back, but storm and wave and rock had accomplished
+nothing. There was One who was stronger than they.</p>
+
+<p>Then Robinson sank on his knees and folded his hands. Tears came to his
+eyes. He breathed hard. At last he said, "Dear Father in Heaven, I live.
+Thou hast saved me. I thank Thee."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="VII" id="VII"></a>VII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE FIRST NIGHT ON LAND</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Where are my companions?" That was his first thought. He began to call
+and halloo: "Where are you? Come here!" But no one answered. Then he
+wished to see if anyone lived on the land, and he cried, "Is there no
+one here? Hello!" but all remained still.</p>
+
+<p>All at once he drew himself together and shrank back. He heard a bush
+rustle and the thought came like a flash, "That is a wild animal that
+will pounce upon me and tear my flesh with his teeth and claws. How
+shall I save myself? Where shall I fly for safety? Where shall I turn? I
+have nothing but my clothes and my life saved from the water. All that I
+had the waves have swallowed up."</p>
+
+<p>And then hunger and thirst began to trouble him. He had eaten nothing
+the whole day and the salt water had made him sick.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime the night had come on. Robinson was very tired.
+Everything was new and strange. He did not know which way to move. He
+was in the greates<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>t terror.</p>
+
+<p>He expected to hear the roar of wild beasts from every secluded spot.
+Lions and tigers and dreadful serpents filled his thoughts. He must find
+shelter from them. But where should he pass the night? Not a house, a
+hut or a cave was to be seen. He stood a long time hesitating and did
+not know what to do. Finally he thought, "I will do as the birds do and
+get into a tree." He very soon found a tree which had such thick
+branches that it would hold him up.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson climbed up into the tree, made himself as comfortable as
+possible, said his prayers, and as he was thoroughly exhausted, he soon
+fell asleep. When he awoke the sun was high in the sky. At first he
+could not remember where he was. Then the truth burst upon him. He tried
+to move. He was stiff and sore. His flesh was bruised from being thrown
+against the rocks and beaten by the waves.</p>
+
+<p>He was dreadfully thirsty. His mouth and throat were dry and parched
+from the salt water. His tongue was thick and swollen. He said, "I must
+find some water to drink or I shall die!"</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+<p>It was hard work to get down from the tree. His limbs and back ached
+from sitting in the tree all night. At last he slipped down and fell on
+the ground. He clasped his hands in prayer and thanked God for keeping
+him through the night.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img4.jpg" width="400" height="512" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Then he got up and tried to walk. He was so weak he could not stand.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+<p>He threw himself down on the ground and began to sob and cry, "O Lord,
+do not let me die! Do not let me die!" As he lay there he heard a queer
+sound. He listened. It sounded like water running over rocks. He tried
+to get to the place from which the sound came. He tried to walk. When he
+fell he crawled on his hands and knees. At last the sound was close by.
+He dragged himself up on the rocks. Yes, there was a spring of clear,
+cool, sparkling water bubbling up and trickling over the stones.
+Robinson was so thirsty he put his face into the water and drank and
+drank.</p>
+
+<p>Then he sat down, and after a while he drank again and again.</p>
+
+<p>After Robinson had satisfied his thirst and rested awhile, he felt much
+better. He said, "I must try to walk and see whether I can find
+something to eat." He found many kinds of fruits and berries all around
+him, but he was afraid to eat them, as they were strange to him and he
+feared they might be poisonous.</p>
+
+<p>As he was walking along, all at once he spied a tall plant in the
+distance which had a familiar look. It looked like corn. He said to
+himself, "I wonder if it can be corn." At last he came near enough to
+recognize it. Yes, it was corn. It did not look exactly like the corn
+that he saw at home, but still he knew it would be safe to eat it. He
+brok<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>e off an ear and eagerly ate the kernels raw. Oh, how good it was!
+Robinson could not remember anything that tasted half so good.</p>
+
+<p>He ate as much as he wanted and then filled his pockets with ears of
+corn for his supper. Then he went back to the spring to get another
+drink.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 479px;">
+<img src="images/img5.png" width="479" height="390" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="VIII" id="VIII"></a>VIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON ON AN ISLAND</h3>
+
+
+<p>After his hunger and thirst were satisfied, Robinson thought he would
+try to find another dwelling place. "My legs are stiff and sore from
+sitting so uncomfortably last night, and there is so much danger of
+falling," he said. "I will climb yonder hill and look around and see on
+which side the houses are. I will find me a stick to help me on my way."</p>
+
+<p>He broke a stick from a dry bush and climbed up the steep sides of the
+hill. After a half hour's climb he was on top. What a sight met his
+eyes! There were no houses, no huts to be seen, no smoke arose from the
+forest, no field could be seen. Nothing but trees and bush, sand and
+rock.</p>
+
+<p>"I am then upon an island alone, without food, without shelter, without
+weapons! What will become of me?" he cried. "I am a prisoner. The island
+is my prison, the waves are the guards which will not allow me to get
+away. Will no ship ever come to set me free?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>He stretched his gaze out to the sea till his eyes ached, but he saw no
+ship.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson came down and seated himself on a stone and considered what he
+should do. It was not yet noon, yet he feared greatly the next night. "I
+must find me a better bed," was his first clear thought.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img6.jpg" width="400" height="467" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IX" id="IX"></a>IX</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON'S SHELTER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson saw at a little distance what seemed to be a cleft or an
+opening in a huge rock. "If I could only get inside and find room to
+stay over night. The rock would protect me from rain, from the wind and
+wild animals better than a tree."</p>
+
+<p>He long sought in vain for a place wide enough to allow him to get into
+the opening in the rock. He was about to give up, when he seized hold of
+a branch of a thorn tree growing on the side of the rock. He looked
+closer and saw that it grew out of the cleft in the rock. He saw, too,
+that at this point the opening was wider and that he had only to remove
+the tree in order to get in. "The hole shall be my dwelling," he said.
+"I must get the thorn tree out so that I can have room."</p>
+
+<p>That was easily said. He had neither axe nor saw, nor knife nor spade.
+How could he do it? He had nothing but his hands. He tried to pull it
+out by the roots, but in vain. He wasn't strong e<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>nough.</p>
+
+<p>"I must dig it out," said Robinson.</p>
+
+<p>He scratched with his nails, but the earth was too hard. What should he
+do? He sought a stick with a fork in it and dug in the earth, but it was
+slow work. Then he found a clam-shell. He did better with it, but it was
+hard work, and Robinson was not used to hard work. The sweat ran down
+his face and he had often to stop and rest in the shade. The sun burned
+so hot and the rock so reflected the heat that he was all but overcome.
+But he worked on. When evening came, he would sleep in the tree and next
+morning he would go at it again. On the third day the roots were all
+laid bare.</p>
+
+<p>But the roots were fast in the clefts of the rock and he could not
+loosen it, try ever so hard. What would he not have given for an axe, or
+at least a knife. And yet he had never thought of their value when at
+home. He attempted to cut one root through with his clam-shell, but the
+shell crumbled and would not cut the hard wood.</p>
+
+<p>He stood for a long time thinking, not knowing what next to do. He made
+up his mind that he must have something harder than the shell to cut
+with. Then he tried a stone with a sharp edge, but soon found he needed
+another one, however. He found o<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>ne. Then he set the sharp one on the
+wood and struck it with the heavy one. In this way he slowly cut the
+roots in two.</p>
+
+<p>On the fifth day there was yet left one big root, bigger than any of the
+others. Robinson got up early in the morning. He worked the whole day.
+Finally it gave a crack and it, too, was broken.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson had only now to remove the loose earth inside the cleft. He
+found the opening could be made large and roomy. It was choked up with
+dirt. He dug out enough to allow him room enough to make a place to lie
+down. "In the future," he thought, "I will take out all the dirt and
+then I shall be comfortable."</p>
+
+<p>It was then dark and the moon shone bright in the heavens. Robinson
+gathered a heap of dry grass and made himself a safe bed. But as he lay
+there he saw the moonbeams shining into his cave. He sprang up. "How
+easy," he thought, "for wild animals to creep in here upon me."</p>
+
+<p>He crawled out and looked around. Not far from the cave he saw a large
+flat stone. With great trouble he rolled it to the opening of his cave,
+but before this the morning began to dawn. He went inside the shelter,
+seized the stone with both hands and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> rolled it into the opening till it
+almost closed it. "I have now a closed home. I can again stretch my
+legs. Wind and rain cannot get at me, nor wild animals."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="X" id="X"></a>X</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON MAKES A HAT</h3>
+
+
+<p>Refreshed and with renewed strength, Robinson awoke late the next
+morning, but he had a bad headache. The day before the hot tropic sun
+had beat down on his bare head, as he worked at his cave. He was so busy
+that he forgot to go into the shade from time to time in order to shield
+himself from the scorching sunshine. He felt a new need.</p>
+
+<p>"I must make me a hat," said Robinson to himself. "But how?" He had no
+straw, no thread and no needle. He looked around for a long time, but
+found nothing. The sun mounted even higher in the heavens, and shone
+hotter and hotter. He went to seek shelter at last in the deep shade of
+a nearby tall plant.</p>
+
+<p>As he stood there he examined the plant more carefully. "Out of these
+leaves," he said, "I might make a hat." He climbed up the short stem of
+the plant and saw that it had not only leaves as long as himself, but
+between the leaves were big bunches of long, thin fruit, as thick as
+three finge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>rs and similar in shape to a cucumber.</p>
+
+<p>He plucked the leaves and fruit and was about to eat some of the fruit
+when he heard near him a light stir as of some animal. He rolled the
+leaves and fruit together and hastened back to the cave.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 347px;">
+<img src="images/img7.png" width="347" height="489" alt="THE BANANA TREE" title="" />
+<span class="caption">THE BANANA TREE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The bananas, for that is what the fruit proved to be, were sweet and
+refreshing. After he had eaten enough he set immediately about making
+his hat. He broke off a couple of reeds. He bent one into a hoop. But
+the hoop would not hold without thread. Sometimes it was too large and
+sometimes too <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>small. But it must fit his head. He pulled up grass and
+bound its ends together, but the grass stalks were not strong enough. He
+hunted until he found a tree whose inner bark was soft and came out in
+long fibres. He bound his reed with this. This, too, made the hoop soft
+so that it did not hurt his head.</p>
+
+<p>When the hoop was ready and fitted to his head he found the banana
+leaves could not be used. Their veins ran straight out from the midrib.
+This made them easily torn, and besides, they were too large. They were
+not the best shape. He saw that leaves about a foot long with broad and
+tapering points would be best. He saw too, that if the leaves had their
+veins running parallel with the midrib they would be stronger. He made
+search and at length found leaves that seemed made for his purpose. They
+were thick and leathery and tapered from base to apex like a triangle.</p>
+
+<p>He now proceeded with his hat-making. He would take a leaf and lay it on
+the ground with the base toward him. Then he laid the hoop on the base
+of the leaf, wrapped it around the hoop and fastened it with thorns. He
+did the same with the other leaves. The thorns were his pins. At last
+he pinned the tips of the leaves together at the to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>p and the hat was
+ready. It looked just like a big cone, but it kept out the heat of the
+sun.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson now had corn and bananas and when he was thirsty he drank a
+handful of water from the spring. He had been now nine days on the
+island. Every day he looked out on the sea until his eyes ached to see
+if he might discover a ship.</p>
+
+<p>He could not understand why no ship came his way. "Who knows how long I
+must wait here?" said he sorrowfully. Then the thought came to him: "You
+will not be able to keep track of the days unless you write it down."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XI" id="XI"></a>XI</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON'S CALENDAR</h3>
+
+
+<p>The matter of keeping track of time puzzled Robinson very much. It was
+getting more difficult every day to keep it in his memory. He must write
+down the days as they slip by, but where and how? He had neither pen,
+ink, nor paper. Should he mark every day with a colored stone on the
+smooth side of the huge rock wall within whose clefts he had dug out his
+cave? But the rain would wash off the record and then he would lose all
+his bearings. Then he thought of the beach, but there the wind and waves
+would soon also erase it.</p>
+
+<p>He thought a long time. "I must find something," he said to himself on
+which to keep a record. "I must also know when Sunday is. I must rest
+one day in the week. Yes, I must find something," he said, "on which to
+write." And finally he found it. He chose two trees standing near each
+other and then sought for a small sharp stone, which he could make
+still sharper by striking it on another. When he had got this pen ready
+he cu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>t into the bark of one tree:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>Shipwreck, Sunday, 10th of September, 1875.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>He made seven cuts in a row for the seven days in the week. The first
+cut was longer than the others. This was to represent the Sunday. At
+sundown every day he made a new cut in the bark.</p>
+
+<p>The other tree he called the month tree. On its stem he was to cut a
+mark every time his week tree told him a month had passed. But he must
+be careful, for the months were not of equal length. But he remembered
+that his teacher had once said in school that the months could be
+counted on the knuckles and hollows of the hand, in such a way that the
+long and short months could be found easily and he could tell in this
+way the number of days in each.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson worked at enlarging his shelter a little every day. He was
+sorely at loss to find something in which to carry the dirt away from
+the entrance, or enough so that it would not choke up the opening. A
+large clam shell was all he could think of at present. He would carry
+the dirt to the entrance and some distance away, and then throw it.
+Fortunately the ground sloped away rapidly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>, so that he needed a kind of
+platform before his door.</p>
+
+<p>He was careful to open the cleft at some distance above the large
+opening. For the air was damp and impure in the shelter. But with the
+opening made high above, fresh air was constantly passing into, and
+impure air out of, his cave. Light, too, was admitted in this way.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XII" id="XII"></a>XII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON MAKES A HUNTING BAG</h3>
+
+
+<p>Several days passed with Robinson's hat-making and his calendar-making
+and his watching the sea. Every day his corn and bananas became more
+distasteful to him. And he planned a longer journey about the island to
+see if something new to eat could be found.</p>
+
+<p>But he considered that if he went a distance from his cave and found
+something it would really be of little use to him. "I could eat my
+fill," he said, "but that is all. And by the time I get back to my cave
+I will again be hungry. I must find something in which I can gather and
+carry food." He found nothing.</p>
+
+<p>"The people in New York," he said, "have baskets, or pockets, or bags
+made of coarse cloth. Of them all, I could most easily make the net,
+perhaps, of vines. But the little things would fall out of the net. I
+will see whether I can make a net of small meshes."</p>
+
+<p>But he soon saw that the vines did not give a smooth surface. He
+thought for a long while. In his garden at ho<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>me his father had sometimes
+bound up the young trees with the soft inner bark of others. He wondered
+if he could use this. He stripped away the outer bark from the tree,
+which before had yielded him a fibre for his hat, and pulled off the
+long, smooth pieces of the inner bark. He twisted them together. Then he
+thought how he could weave the strands together. He looked at his shirt.
+A piece was torn off and unravelled. He could see the threads go up and
+down. He saw that some threads go from left to right (woof), others
+lengthwise (the warp).</p>
+
+<p>From his study of the woven cloth, Robinson saw he must have a firmer
+thread than the strips of bark gave alone. He separated his bark into
+long, thin strips. These he twisted into strands of yarn by rolling
+between his hands, or on a smooth surface. As he twisted it he wound it
+on a stick. It was slow, hard work. Of all his work, the making of yarn
+of thread gave him the most trouble. He learned to twist it by knotting
+the thread around the spindle or bobbin on which he wound it and
+twirling this in the air. He remembered sadly the old spinning wheel he
+had seen at his grandmother's house.</p>
+
+<p>His next care was something to hold the threads while he wove them in
+and out. He had never seen a loom.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After long study Robinson set two posts in the ground and these he bound
+with seventy-two strands horizontally under each other. Then he tied in
+the top at the left another thread and wove it in and out through the
+seventy-two threads. So he tied seventy-two vertical strands and wove
+them in and out. Thus he had a net three times as long as his foot and
+as wide as long. He tied the four corners together. He made a woven
+handle for it and put it on his shoulder like a sack, saying gleefully,
+"This shall be my hunting bag."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 443px;">
+<img src="images/img8.jpg" width="443" height="506" alt="ROBINSON&#39;S LOOM" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON&#39;S LOOM</span>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XIII" id="XIII"></a>XIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON EXPLORES THE ISLAND</h3>
+
+
+<p>After Robinson made his hunting bag he was anxious to set off on his
+journey of exploring the island. So he arose very early next morning.
+"Before it is hot," thought he, "I will be quite a distance on my
+journey." He ate a couple of bananas, scooped up a few handfuls of water
+from the spring, stuck a few ears of corn in his hunting bag, took his
+stick in his hand and went forth. As he left his cave the thought struck
+him: "What if I could not find my cave again? How can I manage so that I
+can come back to it? I will go away in one direction and return the same
+way; but suppose I were to lose the way?"</p>
+
+<p>Then he noticed his shadow pointing like a great finger from the sea
+toward the land. He could direct himself by that. He kept his shadow in
+front of him. He had noticed, too, that the wind always blew north of
+the point where the sun rose. This helped him. But sometimes the wind
+died down.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 448px;">
+<img src="images/img9.jpg" width="448" height="645" alt="COCOANUT PALM TREE" title="" />
+<span class="caption">COCOANUT PALM TREE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>He had to climb over many rocks and pierce many thickets. At each step
+he saw a rich growth of plants, stems, leaves, flowers, but nothing to
+eat, no fruits, or nuts. At length he came to a tree as high as a small
+church steeple. Then he thought of what his father had once said about
+the trees in strange countries. "Many are as tall as a church steeple
+and the nuts are as big as one's head." He looked again. Yes, there
+they hung among the leaves, concealed high above in the crown<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>! But so
+high, it was well that Robinson had learned to climb while on board the
+ship. He quickly laid down his hunting bag and clambered up the smooth
+stem of the high tree, a palm. He picked off a nut and threw it down and
+then several more, and climbed down again.</p>
+
+<p>But the nuts were very hard. How should he open them? He had brought
+along his sharp stone with which he had stripped off the inner bark.
+With this he forced off the thick outer shell. But now came the hard nut
+within, and how hard it was! Striking it was of no use.</p>
+
+<p>Then he threw a great stone on the nut. The shell was crushed and a
+snow-white kernel lay before him. It tasted like almond. With
+astonishment Robinson saw in the middle of the nut a large empty space
+which must have been filled with fluid as the inside was wet. He wished
+that he had the juice to drink, for he was very thirsty. With this in
+view, he examined another and riper nut, and the outside came off more
+easily. But how could he break it and at the same time save the juice?
+He studied the hull of the cocoanut on all sides. At the ends were three
+little hollows. He attempted first to bore in with his fingers, but he
+could not. "Hold!" he cried. "Maybe I can cut them there with the point
+of my ston<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>e knife." This was done without trouble and out of the hole
+flowed the sweet, white juice.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson put a couple of nuts in his hunting bag, and also the shells
+from the broken nuts. "Now," he thought, "I shall no longer have to
+drink from my hand." With this thought he went on his way.</p>
+
+<p>As Robinson came to a rock in his path, out jumped what Robinson took to
+be a rabbit. He ran after him to catch him, but the rabbit was much the
+swifter. So Robinson hastened home, but before he reached it the stars
+were shining with their lustrous light. Tired Robinson stretched his
+limbs on his bed of grass and leaves and slept soundly.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XIV" id="XIV"></a>XIV</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AS A HUNTER</h3>
+
+
+<p>All the time Robinson was confined to the cave he kept thinking about
+the rabbit he had seen and how he might catch one. Finally, he
+determined to make a spear. He broke down a thin, young sapling,
+stripped off its branches and in one end fastened a sharp stone. He then
+went to bed, for he wanted to be up early for his first hunting trip on
+the morrow.</p>
+
+<p>With his hunting sack and spear, Robinson began to creep very, very
+cautiously through the underbrush. But he did not go far before he saw a
+lot of rabbits feeding peacefully on the soft leaves and grass. He drew
+back and threw his spear with all his might. But the spear did not reach
+the rabbits. It fell far short and the rabbits sprang up and ran quickly
+away. He tried it several times with the same result. Then Robinson,
+discouraged, turned back home and ate his corn, bananas, and cocoanuts
+without meat. In the meantime he found a new kind of food. He
+discovered a nest of eggs. Ho<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>w good they tasted to him!</p>
+
+<p>But his longing for meat was still very great. "I will try to make a bow
+and arrow," he said. No sooner said than done. He bent a long piece of
+tough, young wood and stretched between the ends a cord twisted out of
+the fiber taken from the cocoanut shell. He then sought for a piece of
+wood for arrows. He split the ends with his flint knife and fastened in
+splinters of stone. At the other end he fastened on some feathers found
+on the ground. The arrows flew through the air with great swiftness.
+"They will go far enough," thought Robinson, "if I could only hit
+anything."</p>
+
+<p>He practised shooting. He stuck his stone knife in a tree and shot at it
+the whole day long. At first he could not hit it at all. The arrows flew
+far from the mark. After a while he could hit the tree, but not the
+knife. Then as he practised, his arm grew ever surer, until at last he
+could hit the knife at almost every attempt. After a few days he again
+went rabbit hunting. He thought that the rabbit did not offer a mark so
+high as his knife, so he stuck a stone in the ground and practised
+shooting at that. He gradually increased the distance until he could hit
+the mark at twenty or thirty yards.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
+<p>The next morning Robinson took his bow and arrows and went out to hunt.
+He aimed at a rabbit, shot, and it fell, pierced by the arrow. His very
+first shot was successful.</p>
+
+<p>He hastened up and took the dead rabbit on his shoulder, carried it to
+his cave and skinned it. Then he cut off a nice, large piece of meat and
+was going to roast it, but alas, he had no fire!</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XV" id="XV"></a>XV</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON'S SHOES AND PARASOL</h3>
+
+
+<p>The next morning Robinson could not get up. His feet were swollen and
+sore in consequence of walking without shoes over thorns and stones. He
+must remain the whole day in his cave.</p>
+
+<p>Before him, in the sun, his walking stick stuck in the ground. He
+thought how he had been troubled yesterday to find his way and about the
+shadow. He had now time to study it. He watched it the whole day
+through. In the morning it pointed toward the land. In the evening
+toward the sea. This comes from the daily movement of the sun. He
+determined to study the matter more carefully.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson got up and with great effort walked to the spring. There he
+cooled his burning feet, and gathered some large leaves, which he bound
+on them. He decided to remain in his cave a few days, for he had enough
+food stored up to last him some length of time. He planned how he might
+make himself a pair of shoes. As soon as his feet were wel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>l, he sought
+out some thick bark and put fastenings of tough, strong fiber on it.
+These served very well to protect his feet.</p>
+
+<p>But he must have some further protection from the sun. It beamed so hot
+that his hat was not enough. He made a parasol out of leaves like his
+hat. He took a straight stick for a handle. He tied some reeds together
+and bent them into a hoop. He then fastened the upper end of the stick
+in the center of the hoop by means of six reeds which formed the ribs of
+the parasol. To keep out the sun he covered this framework with large,
+broad leaves. With a cord he tied the stem ends of the leaves to the
+stick just above where the reeds were tied.</p>
+
+<p>Spread out, these broad leaves completely covered the ribs. Their tips
+reached over the hoop. They were fastened together by means of small,
+needle-like fish-bones Robinson had found on the beach.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XVI" id="XVI"></a>XVI</h2>
+
+<h3>GETTING FIRE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Now Robinson had heard that savages take two dry pieces of wood and rub
+them so long on each other that they at length begin to burn.</p>
+
+<p>He tried it. The sweat ran down his cheeks, but every time the wood was
+about to catch fire his strength would give out, and he was obliged to
+rest, and when he began again the wood was cold.</p>
+
+<p>"How will it be in winter," he cried, "when it is cold, and I have no
+fire?" He must try other ways of preparing meat for his table. He must
+think of some other way of getting fire. He remembered that once, when a
+boy at home, he had in playing with a stick made it hot by twirling it
+on end on a piece of wood. "I will try this," he thought. He searched
+for a good hard stick and a piece of wood upon which to turn or twirl it
+with his hands. Having found the best materials at hand, he began to
+twirl the stick. He made a little hollow in the block of wood in which
+to turn his upright stick. There was heat but no fire<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>. He twirled and
+twirled, but he could not get the wood hot enough to blaze up or ignite.
+He had not skill. Besides his hands were not used to such rough
+treatment. Soon they blistered and this method had to be given up.</p>
+
+<p>"I must have fire," he still thought, and recalled the sparks that flew
+from the stone pavements of the streets when the iron shoes of the
+horses struck them as they slipped and strained at their cruel loads.
+Why may I not get fire by striking together two stones? He sought out
+two hard stones and with great diligence kept striking them together
+until his strength gave out, and he was obliged again to acknowledge
+failure.</p>
+
+<p>He remembered that sometimes travelers put the meat underneath the
+saddle and ride on it until it is soft. He tried it with pounding. He
+laid some of the meat on a flat stone and pounded it. It became quite
+soft and tasted very well. He then tried hanging it in the sun and
+finally wrapped it in leaves and buried it for a few hours in the hot
+sand.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XVII" id="XVII"></a>XVII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON MAKES SOME FURNITURE</h3>
+
+
+<p>One thing troubled Robinson very much. He could not sit comfortably
+while eating. He had neither chair nor table. He wished to make them,
+but that was a big job. He had no saw, no hammer, no auger and no nails.
+Robinson could not, therefore, make a table of wood.</p>
+
+<p>Not far from his cave he had seen a smooth, flat stone. "Ay," thought
+he, "perhaps I can make me a table out of stone." He picked out the best
+stone and built up four columns as high as a table and on these he laid
+his large, flat stone. It looked like a table, sure enough, but there
+were rough places and hollows in it. He wanted it smooth. He took clay
+and filled up the holes and smoothed it off. When the clay dried, the
+surface was smooth and hard. Robinson covered it with leaves and decked
+it with flowers till it was quite beautiful.</p>
+
+<p>When the table was done, Robinson began on a chair. He made it also of
+stone. It had no back. It looked like a bench. It was uncomfortable to
+sit on. Robin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>son covered it with moss. Then it was an easy seat.</p>
+
+<p>Table and chair were now ready. Robinson could not move them from one
+corner to another, nor when he sat on the chair could he put his feet
+under the table, and yet he thought them excellent pieces of furniture.</p>
+
+<p>Every day Robinson went hunting and shot a rabbit, but the meat would
+not keep. At home they would have put it in the cellar. If only he had a
+cellar! He saw near his cave a hole in the rock. He dug it out a little
+with his mussel shell and found that it led back under a rock.</p>
+
+<p>From much bending over in digging, Robinson's back, unused to severe
+toil, ached wretchedly. He decided to make a spade. With his flint he
+bored four holes in a great, round mussel shell. They formed a rectangle
+as long as a little finger and as wide. Through these holes he drew
+cocoanut fibre and bound the shell to a handle fast and strong.</p>
+
+<p>With his spade he dug a hole so deep that he could stand in it upright.
+Then he put in a couple of shelves made of flat stones. In this cellar
+he put his rabbit meat and his eggs. Then he laid branches over it and
+finally covered the whole with leaves.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XVIII" id="XVIII"></a>XVIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON BECOMES A SHEPHERD</h3>
+
+
+<p>With his bow and arrow, Robinson went hunting every day. The rabbits
+soon learned to know him and let themselves be seldom seen. As soon as
+they saw him, they took alarm. They became timid and shy. One day
+Robinson went out as usual to shoot rabbits. He found none. But as he
+came to a great rock he heard from behind a new sound, one he had not
+heard before in the island. Ba-a-a, it sounded.</p>
+
+<p>"A kid," thought Robinson, "like that with which I have so often played
+at home."</p>
+
+<p>He slipped noiselessly around the rock and behold, really there stood a
+kid. He tried to call it, but the kid sought safety in flight. He
+hastened after it. Then he noticed that it was lame in one fore foot. It
+ran into some brush, where Robinson seized it by the horns and held it
+fast.</p>
+
+<p>How Robinson rejoiced! He stroked it and fondled it. Then he thought,
+how could it come into this wilderness on this lonesome island? "Has
+your ship be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>en cast upon the rocks too, and been broken to pieces? You
+dear thing, you shall be my comrade." He seized the goat by the legs,
+and no matter how it kicked, carried it to his cave.</p>
+
+<p>Then he fetched quickly a cocoanut shell full of water and washed and
+bathed the goat's wounded leg. A stone had rolled down from the hill and
+had inflicted a severe wound on its left fore leg, or perhaps it had
+stepped into a crack in the rocks. Robinson tore off a piece of linen
+from his shirt, dipped it in water and bound it with shreds of the
+cocoanut upon the wound. Then he pulled some grass and moss and made a
+soft bed near the door of the cave. After he had given it water, it
+looked at him with thankful eyes and licked his hand.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson could not sleep that night. He thought continually of his goat
+and got up time and again to see if it was safe. The moon shone clear in
+the heavens. As Robinson sat before the goat's bed he looked down on his
+new possession as lovingly as a mother on her child.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning Robinson's first thought was, "I am no longer alone. I
+have a companion, my goat." He sprang up and looked for it. There she
+lay on her side, still sleeping.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+<p>As he stood and considered, the thought came to him that perhaps the
+goat had escaped from its keeper. There must then be some one living on
+the land. He quickly put on his shoes and his hat, took his parasol, and
+ran to the rock where he had found the goat.</p>
+
+<p>He called, he sought, he peered about to see if some shepherd were there
+somewhere. He found nothing. He found no trace of man. There was no
+road, no bridge, no field, no logs, not even a chip or shaving to show
+that the hand of man had been there.</p>
+
+<p>But what was that? In the distance ran a herd of goats over the rocks.
+But no dog followed them and no shepherd. They ran wild on the island.
+They had perhaps been left there by some ship. As he came home he
+noticed the goat sorrowfully. The bandage had become dry. The goat might
+be suffering pain. Robinson loosened the bandage, washed the wound again
+and bound it up anew. It was so trustful. It ran after him and he
+decided always to protect it.</p>
+
+<p>"I will always be your shepherd and take care of you," he said.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XIX" id="XIX"></a>XIX</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON BUILDS A HOME FOR HIS GOAT</h3>
+
+
+<p>But the goat was a new care. Wild animals could come and kill and carry
+Robinson's goat away while he slept, and if the goat got frightened
+while he was hunting it would run away.</p>
+
+<p>"I will have to make me a little yard in front of my cave," he said,
+"for my goat to live in." But from whence must come the tools? He had
+neither hatchet nor saw. Where then were the stakes to come from? He
+went in search of something. After hunting for a long time he came upon
+a kind of thistle about two feet higher than himself, having at its top
+a red torch-like blossom. There were a great many of them.</p>
+
+<p>"Good!" thought Robinson. "If I could only dig up enough of them and
+plant them thick around the door of my cave, I would have just the
+thing. No one could get at me, nor at the goat, either. The thorns would
+keep anything from creeping through, peeping in or getting over."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+<p>So he took his mussel-shell spade and went to work. It was pretty hard,
+but at length he succeeded in laying bare the roots of quite a number.
+But he could not drag them to his cave on account of the thorns sticking
+in him. He thought a long time. Finally, he sought out two strong poles
+or branches which were turned up a little at one end and like a sled
+runner. To these he tied twelve cross-pieces with bark. To the foremost
+he tied a strong rope made from cocoa fiber. He then had something that
+looked much like a sled on which to draw his thistle-like brush to his
+cave. But for one day he had done enough. The transplanting of the
+thistles was hard work. His spade broke and he had to make a new one. In
+the afternoon he broke his spade again. And as he made his third one, he
+made up his mind that it was no use trying to dig with such a weak tool
+in the hard ground. It would only break again.</p>
+
+<p>"If I only had a pick." But he had none. He found a thick, hard, sharp
+stone. With it he picked up the hard earth, but had to bend almost
+double in using it. "At home," he thought, "they have handles to picks."
+The handle was put through a hole in the iron. He turned the matter
+ove<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>r and over in his mind, how he might put a hole through the stone.
+But he found no means. He searched out a branch with a crotch at one
+end. He tied the stone to this with strong cocoa fiber and bark. How his
+eye glistened as he looked at the new tool! Now he began to work. He
+first loosened up the earth with his pick, then he dug it out with his
+spade and planted in a high thistle. Many days he had to work, but
+finally one evening the hedge was ready. He had a row in a semi-circle
+in front of his cave. He counted the marks on his calendar tree. The day
+on which he had begun to make his hedge he had especially marked out.
+He had w<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>orked fourteen days.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 389px;">
+<img src="images/img10.png" width="389" height="461" alt="ROBINSON&#39;S TOOLS" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON&#39;S TOOLS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>He had completed his hedge with the exception of a small hole that must
+serve for a door. But the door must not be seen from without.</p>
+
+<p>As Robinson thought, it came to him that there was still place for two
+thistles on the outside. He could easily get in, but the entrance was
+difficult to find from the outside.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson looked on his hedge from without. It was not yet thick enough.
+For this reason he planted small thistles between the larger ones. With
+the digging them out and transplanting them he was a whole week longer.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, the hedge and the yard were ready. Now Robinson could rest
+without fear and sleep in his cave, and could have his goat near him all
+the time. It delighted him greatly. It ran after him continually like a
+dog. When he came back from an absence, it bleated for joy and ran to
+meet him as soon as he got inside the hedge. Robinson felt that he was
+not entirely alone. He had now a living being near him.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XX" id="XX"></a>XX</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON GETS READY FOR WINTER</h3>
+
+
+<p>There was one thing that troubled Robinson greatly. "What will become of
+me when the winter comes? I will have no fire to warm me. I have no
+clothing to protect me from the cold, and where shall I find food when
+snow and ice cover all the ground and when the trees are bare and the
+spring is frozen? It will be cold then in my cave; what shall I do? It
+is cold and rainy already. I believe this is harvest time and winter
+will soon be here. Winter and no stove, no winter clothing, no winter
+store of food and no winter dwelling. What shall I do?"</p>
+
+<p>He considered again the project of making fire. He again sought out two
+pieces of wood and sat down and rubbed them together. The sweat rolled
+down his face. When the wood began to get warm, his hand would become
+tired, and he would have to stop. When he began again the wood was cold.
+He worked for an hour or two, then he laid the wood aside and said, "I
+don't believe I can do it. I must do the next best thing. I can at lea<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>st
+get warm clothing to protect me from the rain and snow." He looked down
+at his worn, thin clothing, his trousers, his shirt, his jacket; they
+had become so thin and worn that they were threadbare.</p>
+
+<p>"I will take the skins of the hares which I have shot and will make me
+something," he thought. He washed and cleaned them, but he needed a
+knife and he set about making one. He split one end of a tough piece of
+wood, thrust his stone blade in it and wound it with cocoa fibre. His
+stone knife now had a handle. He could now cut the skins quite well. But
+what should he do for needle and thread? Maybe the vines would do. "But
+they are hardly strong enough," he thought. He pulled the sinews from
+the bones of the rabbit and found them hard. Maybe he could use them. He
+found fish skeletons on the seashore and bored a hole in the end of the
+small, sharp rib bones. Then he threaded his bone needle with the rabbit
+sinews and attempted to sew, but it would not go. His needle broke. The
+skin was too hard. He bored holes in the edge of the pieces of skin and
+sewed through the holes. This went very well.</p>
+
+<p>He sewed the skins together with the hair side inward, made himself a
+jacket, a pair of trousers, a hat, and finally<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> covered his parasol with
+rabbit skin, for the rain had already dripped through the leaves of it.
+All went well, only the trousers did not fit. He loosened them and
+puckered them to no purpose. "Anyway," he thought, "I am now well
+protected from the cold, when it does come."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 356px;">
+<img src="images/img11.png" width="356" height="629" alt="ROBINSON IN HIS NEW SUIT" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON IN HIS NEW SUIT</span>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXI" id="XXI"></a>XXI</h2>
+
+<h3>HOW ROBINSON LAYS UP A STORE OF FOOD</h3>
+
+
+<p>Now for the food. Could Robinson preserve the meat? He had often heard
+his mother tell about preserving meat in salt. He had even eaten salt
+meat, pickled meat. But where could he get salt?</p>
+
+<p>One day when the wind blew hard the water was driven upon the shore and
+filled a little hollow. After a few days the ground glistened white as
+snow where the water had been. Was it snow? Robinson took it in his
+hands and put it in his mouth. It was salt. The sun had evaporated the
+water in the hollow&mdash;had vaporized it&mdash;and the air had drunk it up. What
+was left behind? Salt. Now he could get salt as long as he needed it.</p>
+
+<p>He took cocoanut shells and strewed salt in them. Then he cut the rabbit
+meat in thin strips, rubbed them with salt, and laid them one on the
+other in the salt in the shells. He covered it over with a layer of
+salt. He put over each shell the half of a <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>larger one and weighted it
+down with stones. After a period of fourteen days he found the meat
+quite red. It had pickled.</p>
+
+<p>But he did not stop here. He gathered and stored in his cellar cocoanuts
+and corn in such quantities that he would be supplied for a whole
+winter. It seemed best to catch a number of rabbits, build a house for
+them and keep them. Then he could kill one occasionally and have fresh
+meat. Then it came to him that goats would be much better, for they
+would give milk. He determined immediately to have a herd of goats. He
+made a string or lasso out of cocoa fibre.</p>
+
+<p>Then he went out, slipped up quietly to a herd of goats and threw the
+lasso over one. But the lasso slipped from the horns and the goat ran
+away. The next day he had better luck. He threw the lasso, drew it tight
+and the goat was captured. He brought it home. He rejoiced when he saw
+that it gave milk. He was happy when he got his first cocoanut shell
+full of sweet rich milk. His goat herd grew. He soon had five goats. He
+had no more room in his yard. He could not provide food enough. He must
+let them out. He must make another hedge around his yard so that the
+goats could get food and yet be kept from going away. He got stakes
+from the woods <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span>and gathered them before his cave. He sharpened them and
+began to drive them in the earth. But it rained more and more each day.
+He was wet through as he worked. He had finally to stop work, for the
+rain was too heavy.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXII" id="XXII"></a>XXII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON'S DIARY</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson was much disturbed because he had no means of keeping a record
+of things as they happened from day to day. He had his calendar, it is
+true. He would not lose track of the time. But he wished for some way to
+write down his thoughts and what happened. So he kept up keen search for
+anything that would serve him for this purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Every time he journeyed about the island he kept careful watch for
+something that he might write upon. He thought of the leaves of the palm
+tree, the white under surface of the shelf fungus. But these he found
+would not do. He tried many kinds of bark and leaves. There was a kind
+of tall reed or grass growing in the marshes whose rind seemed good when
+dried. He examined the inner bark of many trees. He at last found that
+the inner bark of a tree which resembled our elm tree worked best. He
+would cut through the bark with his stone knife around the tree. At
+about one foot from this he would cut ano<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>ther ring. He then would cut
+through the bark lengthwise from one circular cut to the other. He could
+then peel off the section easily. While it was yet full of sap he would
+separate the soft, tough, thin inner layer of the bark. This usually
+came off in sheets without a break. When these sheets of bark were
+stretched and dried they could be used very nicely instead of paper.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson next searched for something that would serve him as ink, and
+this was much easier to find than paper. He had noticed many kinds of
+galls of many different colors growing on trees. He did not know what
+they were, or how they grew, but he had learned in his father's store
+that ink was often made from galls gathered from trees. "Anyway," he
+thought, "I can get ink from the cuttle-fish." He had watched this
+animal get away from its enemies by sending out a cloud of purplish
+fluid, in which to hide as it darted away. He had learned also that
+indigo is made from the leaves of a plant. He had noticed a plant
+growing in the open places in the forest whose leaves turned black when
+dried.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson gathered a quantity of gall-nuts and soaked them in water. To
+the black fluid thus obtained he added a little rice water to make it
+flow well, and this served very well as an ink. He kept his i<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>nk in a cup
+made from a cocoanut shell.</p>
+
+<p>He was not long in getting a pen, though the lack of a good sharp knife
+made it hard to make a good one. In going about he had gathered a
+quantity of large feathers. He saved these for the time when he should
+have his paper and ink ready. Now, he cut away a quill to a point and
+split it up a little way. He was now supplied with writing materials.
+"Is it not wonderful," he thought, "how all our wants are filled? We
+have only to want a thing badly enough and it comes."</p>
+
+<p>Robinson began at once to write down the date for each day and the main
+thing he did or that happened on it. He called this his diary. He had
+now a better way of keeping time than on his tree calendar. He did not
+need it any more.</p>
+
+<p>You have no doubt wondered how Robinson could work in his cave,
+especially at night without a light. The truth is, it was a great source
+of discomfort to him. At sunset he was in total darkness in his cave.
+During the day light enough streamed in from the open doorway. To be
+alone in total darkness is not pleasant. "If I only had fire!" he said
+again and again.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p>
+<p>He watched the many large beetles and fire-flies flash their light in
+the dark of the evening as he sat in front of his shelter. The thought
+came to him that if he only had some way of keeping together a number of
+them, they would serve very well for a candle in his cave at night. How
+he longed for a glass bottle such as he had so often wantonly broken
+when at home! Back of his shelter there was a hill where the rock layers
+jutted out. He had noticed here several times the thin transparent rock
+that he had seen in his father's store. It is called isinglass.</p>
+
+<p>"I will make a living lantern," he said aloud in his eagerness.</p>
+
+<p>He soon had a suitable piece pried loose. He cut a part of a cocoanut
+shell away and in its place he put a sheet of isinglass. That evening at
+dark he gathered several handfuls of the great fire beetles and put them
+in his lantern. What joy their glow gave him in his cave at night. It
+was almost as much comfort as a companion. But while it lighted up the
+deep dark of the cave and enabled him to move about, he was unable after
+all to write in his diary at night. Every morning he set his captives
+free. In the evening he would go out and capture his light.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXIII" id="XXIII"></a>XXIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON IS SICK</h3>
+
+
+<p>One evening Robinson went to bed sound and well. The next morning he was
+sick. Before he had only the heat of the day to complain of. To-day he
+was freezing. He wanted to go to work to get warm, but even this did not
+break his chill. It increased till his teeth chattered with the cold.</p>
+
+<p>"Perhaps," thought he, "if I can sleep a little I will get better." But
+he could not sleep. He was burning with fever and then shaking with cold
+by turns. He felt a strong thirst, but he was so weak that he could
+scarcely get the goat's milk. He had no sooner drunk the milk than his
+tongue was as dry as before. He felt better after a night of sleep, but
+the next day his fever and chills were worse than before. Then he
+bethought him of his parents. How kindly his mother had taken care of
+him! Now no one was near that could assist him.</p>
+
+<p>"Ah," he sighed, "must I die here? Who would bury me? There is no one
+to miss me." At this the tears came to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> his eyes.</p>
+
+<p>His sickness increased with each day. Occasionally the fever would go
+down sufficiently to allow him to get something to eat. Then it would be
+worse than before. In his dire need he wanted to pray, but he was so
+weak that he could only stammer, "Dear God, help me, or I shall die!"</p>
+
+<p>One night he had a strange dream. He thought he saw his good old father
+standing before him calling to him. He spread out his arms and cried
+aloud, "Here I am, here I am!" He tried to get up, but he was so weak
+that he fell back fainting.</p>
+
+<p>He lay there a long time, but finally came to. He felt a burning thirst,
+but no one reached him a drop of water. He prepared to die. He folded
+his hands and prayed to God that he would be merciful to him. He prayed
+forgiveness from his parents. Once more he raised his head and gazed
+wildly around, then he sank back and knew no more.</p>
+
+<p>When he again awoke he felt better. His hot fever had gone. He attempted
+to walk. He had just enough strength to crawl to the table and fetch a
+shell of water. When he tried to walk he had to sit down at every two or
+three steps.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
+<p>From this he recovered gradually, growing better and better, and he
+thanked God inwardly for his recovery. His sickness had continued from
+June 18 to July 3.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXIV" id="XXIV"></a>XXIV</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON'S BOWER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson's sickness set him thinking about his home. He had been so
+afraid of animals when he came to the island that he thought of nothing
+but protection from them. He had been now a year on the island and had
+seen nothing more dangerous than a goat. The fear of animals had
+practically faded away. In thinking over his sickness he made up his
+mind that it was caused by sleeping in his cave where the sun never
+shone. The ventilation seemed good, but the walls were damp, especially
+in the rainy season. Then the water would trickle down through the cleft
+in spite of all he could do.</p>
+
+<p>He resolved to build, if possible, a little cottage, or, as he called
+it, a bower, in the yard in front of his shelter. The hedge of thistles
+was growing and formed a fence that an animal could not get through. His
+screen of willows on the outside of this would soon hide him from view
+from the sea. He had the wall of rock and the hill behind him.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
+<p>He planned out his way of building it very carefully. "It must be done,"
+he said (Robinson formed the habit of talking to himself, so that he
+would not forget how to talk), "without hammer, nails, or saw."</p>
+
+<p>He first sought out four posts, as large as he could well handle. There
+were always broken trees and branches in the forest. If he searched long
+enough he could find posts just suited to his need. He wanted four of
+the same thickness and height and with a fork at the end. After long
+searching he found what he wanted. He was careful to get those that he
+could drag to his shelter.</p>
+
+<p>He placed these in the ground, forming the corners of a square about ten
+feet long. In the forks he placed poles running around about eight feet
+from the ground. At about every three feet he fastened others, running
+in the same way, with heavy cords made of fibre. He found his greatest
+trouble with the roof. It must be sloped to shed rain. He had to find
+two more forked posts, three or four feet longer than the others. These
+he placed opposite each other in the centers of two sides. Upon these he
+placed a ridge pole. He then laid other poles lengthwise from ridge pole
+to the edge of the frames.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+<p>His frame was now done. His plan was now to cover this frame with straw
+or grasses tied in bundles. He had seen the barns in the country
+thatched in this way by the Dutch farmers in New York State. He gathered
+the straw of the wild rice. It was long, straight and tough. It was
+easily tied into flat bundles. These he bound securely on to the frame
+work with cords. He began at the bottom so that the ends of the row
+would lap over the tops of the last one put on.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 416px;">
+<img src="images/img12.jpg" width="416" height="400" alt="ROBINSON&#39;S BOWER" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON&#39;S BOWER</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>In this way he built a very comfortable and rainproof bower. It was
+easy to make a bed of poles covered with st<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span>raw. A table and bench were
+added and shelves of poles.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson felt great joy over this new home. "I will not now be sick any
+more," he said. "In case of danger I can get into my cave. But at all
+other times I will live in my bower." He had use still for his cave. He
+could use it to store some things in. But he had to be careful about the
+dampness in wet weather.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson was getting to feel at home. He was no longer so sad. He did
+not grieve so much for home. He looked upon his home with great delight.
+It was secure. He had his herd of goats always in his sight. At evening
+he would do his milking. He found he could keep the milk for some time
+in the cave. He was tempted to try making some butter from the good,
+rich cream. "But," said Robinson, "I have neither vessels to make it in
+nor bread to eat it on."</p>
+
+<p>He planned many things to do. "I will make a hammock some day for my
+bower and some vessels to use in my work," he thought.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXV" id="XXV"></a>XXV</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AGAIN EXPLORES HIS ISLAND</h3>
+
+
+<p>When Robinson recovered his strength he had a strong desire to see more
+of the island. At first he had been in constant fear of wild animals,
+but now he thought he would like to see all there was to see in the
+island. On the 15th of July he started out. First he went to a brook
+which ran into the sea near his cave. Its water was clear and pure;
+along its shore lay beautiful meadows. As he came to the upper course of
+the brook the meadow gave way to forest. On the border of the forest he
+found melons and grapes.</p>
+
+<p>The night came on and he slept again in a tree. The next morning he went
+farther and came to a clear rivulet. Here the region was wonderfully
+beautiful. The flowers bloomed as in a garden, and near the flowers
+stood splendid apple and orange trees. He took as much of the fruit as
+he could carry and went on his way. This journey continued three days.
+The grapes which he had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> carried he dried in the sun and made raisins.</p>
+
+<p>The 10th of September came, one year had passed on the island. He was
+many hundred miles from home, alone on an island. With tears he cried
+out, "Ah! what are my dear parents saying? They have no doubt long given
+me up as dead. If I could only send them a message to comfort them and
+let them know how much I love them!"</p>
+
+<p>The day was celebrated as a holiday. He thanked God that He had given
+him so many good things. Often he had lived the whole day in care and
+anxiety. Now he tried to be more cheerful and to meet the troubles of
+each day with courage.</p>
+
+<p>But Robinson was not yet satisfied. He longed to know more of the island
+and prepared himself for a greater journey. He slung his hunting pouch
+over his shoulder, filled it full of food, took his bow and arrows,
+stuck his stone hatchet in his belt and started on his way. He traveled
+over meadows, through beautiful forests in which were hundreds of birds.
+He was delighted as they sang and fluttered about.</p>
+
+<p>The journey was beautiful and pleasant to Robinson. In the forests he
+often saw small wild creatures, but he shot nothing. After the first
+night he slept <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>under a tree in the soft grass, for he had now no fear of
+wild animals.</p>
+
+<p>Along the shore he saw great groves of palms with their large nuts. He
+saw, too, many goats in all parts of the island.</p>
+
+<p>Now he was ready to take the shortest way home. He had not gone far
+before he came into a dark forest. He became confused and wandered about
+for several days. On the fourth day he came to a little pile of stones,
+which he had made to mark the way as he was going out. From this place
+the way was easy to find. On this trip he was gone already two weeks.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXVI" id="XXVI"></a>XXVI</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AND HIS BIRDS</h3>
+
+
+<p>Of all the things he saw on his journey Robinson was most delighted with
+the birds. They were of the most beautiful colors. The forest was full
+of them. They gleamed like jewels in the deep masses of foliage. In the
+morning their singing filled the air with sound.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson had never taken much notice of the birds at home. But now every
+living thing attracted him. He loved to see them happy. He would watch
+often by the hour and learn the habits of nesting and getting food of
+nearly every bird on the island.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson did not know the names of many of the birds he saw on the
+island. He had to make names for them. The strangest thing he saw on his
+journey was the nest of what he called the yellow-tail. This bird lives
+in colonies and makes its nest at the ends of the long leaves of the
+mountain palm. When he first saw these queer looking sacks hanging from
+the leaves he was amazed. He had never seen so strange a sight. From
+the end of ea<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span>ch great leaf hung a long, closely woven nest. Robinson
+could not make out at first what they were. Soon, however, he saw the
+birds come out of the mouths of the nests. Here, one hundred feet from
+the ground, they hung their nests. But they were perfectly safe.</p>
+
+<p>He had not gone far from the tree in which the yellow tails had their
+nests when he was suddenly startled by a voice crying, "Who, who are
+you?" Robinson was greatly frightened and hid beneath the drooping
+branches of a cedar tree. He feared every moment that the owner of the
+voice would make his appearance. But it kept at a distance. Every few
+minutes from the depths of the forest would come the doleful cry, "Who,
+who are you?" Robinson did not dare to stir from his hiding place. He
+remained there over night. After the night came on he heard the strange
+voice no more.</p>
+
+<p>The next day he renewed his journey. He saw many birds that were wholly
+strange to him. There was a kind of wild pigeon that built its home in a
+hole in the rock. It was a most beautiful bird with long, slender,
+graceful feathers in its tail. He saw the frigate bird soaring high
+above the island. The number and beauty of the humming-birds amazed
+Robinson. They were of all color<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>s. One had a bill in the shape of a
+sickle. The most brilliant of them all was the ruby-crested
+humming-bird.</p>
+
+<p>Near noon, while Robinson was shielding himself from the scorching heat
+of the sun in a deep, shaded glen, he was startled again by the strange
+voice crying, "Who, who, who are you?" He lay quite still, determined if
+possible to allow the voice to come, if it would, within sight. He heard
+it slowly coming up the glen. Each time it repeated the cry it sounded
+nearer. At last he saw spying at him through the boughs of the tree
+under which he was lying a large bird with soft, silky feathers of green
+and chestnut. "Who, who, who are you?" said the bird. Robinson could not
+help but laugh. He had been frightened at the cry of a bird.</p>
+
+<p>But the bird that interested Robinson most was the parrot. There were
+several kinds of them. They flew among the trees with great noise and
+clatter and shrieking. Robinson determined if possible to secure one for
+a pet. "I can teach it to talk," he said, "and I will have something to
+talk to." As soon as he returned home he set about catching one. He
+noticed that a number were in the habit of visiting an old tree near
+the shelter every morning. He planned to snare one and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> tried several
+mornings, but he could not get one into the snare. He tried to hit one
+with his bow and arrow. He at last succeeded in hitting one and stunning
+it so that it fell to the ground. He ran rapidly to pick it up, but
+before he could get to where it lay in the bushes it had disappeared.</p>
+
+<p>After thinking the matter over he concluded that it would be much better
+to get a pair of young birds and raise them. The old ones would be hard
+to tame and difficult to teach. It was easy enough to find a nest in a
+hollow tree. He secured from the nest two birds just ready to fly. He
+made a cage for them out of willow rods. He placed the cage at the
+entrance of his cave and studied how he would feed them. Much to his
+surprise the parent birds discovered their young ones and brought them
+food and fed them through the open work of the cage.</p>
+
+<p>When the birds were grown they rapidly learned to talk. Robinson took
+great delight in teaching them. He taught them to call his name and when
+he came near they would call out, "Poor old Robinson Crusoe!"</p>
+
+<p>These birds remained for many years with Robinson. In fact, he was never
+afterward without a parrot. They helped him to pass away very
+pleasantly many hours that without them would have <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>been sad.</p>
+
+<p>Another bird that Robinson loved was the little house wren. This bird
+was exceedingly tame and friendly. It was a very sweet and strong
+singer. It loved to make its nest in or near his shelter. There it would
+build and rear its young, within reach of his hands, while its throat
+was always bursting with melody.</p>
+
+<p>The mocking bird, too, always nested near and awakened him in the
+morning with its wonderful song.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson became a great friend and favorite of the bird inhabitants of
+the island. They seemed to know him and showed no fear when near him.
+This pleased him very much.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXVII" id="XXVII"></a>XXVII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON GETS FIRE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson was now pretty comfortable. He had his bower with its chair and
+table. He had his cave in case of danger. He had his cellar in which to
+keep his meat. He would sit in the shade near the door of his bower and
+think of the many things he should be thankful for. But there was one
+hardship that Robinson could not get used to and that was the eating of
+raw food. "How fine it would be if only I could parch a few grains of
+corn in the fire! I could like live a prince," thought he, "if I had
+fire. I would grind some of my corn into flour and make some corn bread
+or cakes and cook rice." He did so long for roasted meat and determined
+again to make the attempt to get fire.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson was fast losing his idle, thoughtless ways of doing things. He
+had become a thoughtful and diligent man in the short time that he had
+been on the island. Trouble and hardship had made a man of him. "I must
+carefully think over the whole matter of getting fire," he said. He had
+failed tw<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span>ice and was now resolved to succeed. "If the lightning would
+only strike a tree," he thought, "and set it on fire."</p>
+
+<p>But he could not wait for such a thing to happen, and how could he keep
+it when once thus obtained? It was clear he must have some way of
+producing fire when he wanted it, just as they did at home. He thought
+over the ways he had tried and the one most likely to be successful. He
+resolved to make a further trial of the method by twirling a stick in
+his hands. He selected new wood that was hard and dry. He carefully
+sharpened a stick about eighteen inches long and, standing it upright in
+a hollow in the block of wood, began to roll it between his hands. By
+the time Robinson's hands were well hardened, it seemed that he was
+going to succeed at last. But he lacked the skill to be obtained only by
+long practice.</p>
+
+<p>"If I could only make it go faster," he said. "There must be some way of
+doing this. I believe I can do it. I used to make my top spin round with
+a cord; I wonder if I can use the cord here." The only cord he had was
+attached to his bow. He was going to take it off when a thought struck
+him. He loosened the string a bit and twisted it once about his
+spindle. Then he drew the bow back and forth. The spindle was turned at
+a great <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span>rate. He saw he must hold one end with his left hand while the
+other rested in the hollow in the block. With his right, he drew the bow
+back and forth. How eagerly he worked! He had twirled but a few minutes
+when the dust in the hollow burst into fire from the heat produced by
+the rapidly twirling spindle.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/img13.png" width="350" height="292" alt="ROBINSON&#39;S TOOLS FOR MAKING FIRE" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON&#39;S TOOLS FOR MAKING FIRE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Robinson was too overjoyed to make any use of it. He danced and capered
+about like one gone mad until the fire had gone out. But that was of no
+matter now, since he could get fire when he wanted it.</p>
+
+<p>He hastened to make him a rude fireplace and oven of stones. He hollowed
+out a place in the ground and lined and covered it with large flat
+stones. On one side he built up a chimney to draw up the smoke and make
+the fire burn brightly. He brought wood and some dry fungus or
+mushroom. Thi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>s he powdered and soon had fire caught in it. He kindled in
+this way the wood in his stove and soon had a hot fire.</p>
+
+<p>The first thing he did in the way of cooking was to roast some rabbit
+meat on a spit or forked stick held in his hand over the fire. Nothing
+Robinson had ever eaten was to be compared to this.</p>
+
+<p>"I can do many things now," thought Robinson. "My work will not be
+nearly so hard. My fire will be my servant and help me make my tools as
+well as cook my food. I can now cook my corn and rice."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXVIII" id="XXVIII"></a>XXVIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON MAKES BASKETS</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson still continued anxious about his food supply when he could no
+longer gather it fresh from the fields and forest. Corn had again become
+ripe. He had found in a wet, marshy place some wild rice-plants loaded
+with ripened grain. As he now had fire he only had to have some way of
+storing up grains and he would not lack for food. He knew that grain
+stored away must be kept dry and that he must especially provide against
+dampness in his cave or in his bower.</p>
+
+<p>If he only had some baskets. These would be just the thing. But how was
+he to get them? Robinson had never given a thought to either material or
+the method of making them. He, however, was gradually acquiring skill
+and confidence in himself. So far he had managed to meet all his wants.
+He had invented tools and made his own clothes and shelter, and, "Now,"
+said he to himself, "I will solve the new problem. I must first study
+the materials that I have at hand." He re<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>membered the splint market
+baskets in which his father took vegetables home from the store. He
+recalled how the thin splints were woven.</p>
+
+<p>"They went over and under," he said. "That is simple enough if I had the
+splints." He set himself diligently to work to find a plant whose bark
+or split branches could be used for splints. He tried to peel off the
+rough outer bark of several trees in order to examine the inner layers
+of soft fibrous material. He found several trees that gave promise of
+furnishing abundance of long, thin strips, but the labor of removing the
+bark with his rude imperfect tools was so great that he resolved that he
+would have to find some other kind of material.</p>
+
+<p>"Why need the strips be flat?" he thought. "I believe I could weave them
+in the same way if I used the long, thin, tough willow rods I saw
+growing by the brookside, when I was returning from my journey."</p>
+
+<p>He found on trial that the weaving went very well, but that he must have
+strong, thick rods or ribs running up and down to give strength and form
+to his basket. He worked hard, but it was slow work. It was three days
+before his first basket was done. He made many mistakes and was obliged
+many times to undo what he had accomplished in order to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> correct some
+error. And at last when he had woven the basket as large as he thought
+was suitable for his purpose, he did not know how to stop or finish the
+top so as to keep the basket from unraveling. At last he hit upon the
+plan of fastening two stout rods, one outside, the other inside, the
+basket. These he sewed firmly, over and over, to the basket with a kind
+of fibre from a plant he had discovered that looked almost to be what he
+had heard called the century plant in the parks at home.</p>
+
+<p>On attempting his next basket, he thought long how he might improve and
+save time. He must hasten, or the now almost daily rains would destroy
+his ripened wild corn and rice.</p>
+
+<p>"If I could use coils of that long grass I saw growing in the marsh
+beside the rice," he thought, "I could make twice the progress." He
+gathered an armful, twisted it into cables about an inch thick and wove
+it into his frame of upright rods instead of the horizontal layer of
+willow canes. This answered his purpose just as well and rendered the
+making of large baskets the work of a few hours. He found, however, that
+the willow rods or osiers were not pliant enough to work well in
+fastening his coils of grass cables together. He tried several things
+and at last succeed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span>ed best when he used the long thread-like fibre of
+the century-like plant. He had, however, to make a stout framework of
+rods. He would first coil his grass rope into this frame and then sew it
+together with twine or thread made from this fibre.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 491px;">
+<img src="images/img14.png" width="491" height="355" alt="ROBINSON&#39;S BASKETS" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON&#39;S BASKETS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>He afterwards tried making smaller and finer baskets out of the fibre
+that he had discovered, which could be easily had from the thick-leaved
+plant he thought he had seen at home. He first used long, tough, fine
+roots he had seen when digging up the tree at the mouth of his cave.
+Afterwards he discovered some tall, tough reeds growing near by. He laid
+in a supply of these. He found that when he wanted to use them, a good
+soaking in water made them as pliable and tough as when first cut<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>.</p>
+
+<p>The making of the baskets and storing up grains made it possible for
+Robinson to become a farmer and thus make himself independent. This
+thought was a great relief to him.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXIX" id="XXIX"></a>XXIX</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON BECOMES A FARMER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson had now been on the island long enough to know how the seasons
+changed. He found that there were two kinds of weather there, wet
+weather and dry weather. There were two wet seasons in each year and two
+dry ones. During the wet seasons, which lasted nearly three months,
+Robinson had to remain pretty closely at home, and could not gather
+grain, for the plants were then starting from the seeds. It ripened in
+the dry seasons. Robinson soon found that he must have a store of corn
+and wild rice for food during the rainy seasons. He, however, knew
+nothing about planting and harvesting, nor preparing the ground for
+seed.</p>
+
+<p>He had it all to learn with no teacher or books to instruct him. He
+found a little space near his dwelling free from trees and thought he
+would plant some corn seed here. He did not know the proper time for
+planting. He thought because it was warm, seed would grow at any time.
+It happened his first seed w<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span>as put in at the beginning of the dry
+season. He watched and waited to rejoice his eyes with the bright green
+of sprouting corn, but the seed did not grow. There was no rain and the
+sun's heat parched the land till it was dry and hard on the upland where
+his corn was planted.</p>
+
+<p>"Very well," thought Robinson, "I will plant it at the beginning of the
+wet season, either in March or September." He did so; the seed quickly
+sprouted up. But the weeds, shrubs, and vines sprouted as quickly, and
+before Robinson was aware, his corn was overgrown and choked out by a
+rank growth of weeds and vines.</p>
+
+<p>"I see," said Robinson, "that I must thoroughly prepare the soil before
+planting my seed." But he had no spade and no other tool that would
+stand the strain of digging among tough matted roots. But he must
+succeed. He put a new handle in the stone hoe or pick he had already
+made. His mussel shell spade was worn out. He must set himself to
+fashion out another. He decided to make one from the tough heavy wood of
+a tree that grew plentifully in the forest.</p>
+
+<p>He was lucky enough to find a tree of this kind whose bole had been
+split lengthwise by the falling of an old rotten tree near it. With his
+stone tools and the help of fire he managed after several days' work to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span>
+make a wide sharpened tool out of one of the large pieces split off. It
+was a little over three feet long. He had trimmed one end small and cut
+notches in the sides about one foot from the flat end. He could place
+his foot in the notch and thrust his wooden spade into the earth. With
+his rude tool he dug up and turned the soil of a small space of ground
+several times to kill the vines and weeds. His corn quickly sprouted
+after this attempt and outstripped the weeds and vines which Robinson
+constantly had to hold in check by pulling and hoeing. He was rejoiced
+at his growing crop and went each morning to feast his eyes on the
+rapidly expanding leaves and ears.</p>
+
+<p>One morning as he came in sight of the little clearing he thought he saw
+something disappearing in the low brush on the other side as he
+approached. Alas, his labor had been in vain! A herd of wild goats had
+found out the place and had utterly destroyed his crop. Robinson sat
+down nearby and surveyed the ruin of his little field. "It is plain,"
+thought he, "I will have to fence in the field or I will never be able
+to harvest my crop. I cannot watch it all the time."</p>
+
+<p>He had already learned from his experience in making the fence around
+the goat pasture that the branches of many<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> kinds of shrubs and trees,
+when broken off and thrust into the ground, will send out roots and
+leaves and at length if planted close together in a line, will form a
+thick hedge which no kind of beast can get through or over. He found out
+some willow trees whose branches broke easily, and soon had enough to
+thrust into the ground about six inches apart around the entire edge of
+his little field, which contained about one eighth of an acre.</p>
+
+<p>After this hedge had grown so as to be a fair protection to his crop he
+tried planting again at the proper season. He spaded up the ground and
+pulled out the matted roots as best he could and with great pains and
+care planted his corn in straight even rows. To make them straight and
+each hill of corn the same distance from its neighbors, he first marked
+off the ground in squares whose sides were about three and one half feet
+long.</p>
+
+<p>"Now," thought he, "I will reap the reward of my labor." The corn grew
+rapidly, and toward the end of the first dry season was filling out and
+ripening its ears. But to Robinson's dismay a new danger threatened his
+crop against which he could not fence. He was in despair. The birds were
+fast eating and destroying his partially ripened corn. He could not
+husk it yet. It was not ripe e<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span>nough. He thought how easy it would be to
+protect his field if he had a gun. But he had learned that it is useless
+to give time to idle dreaming. He must do something and that quick.</p>
+
+<p>"If I could catch some of these rascals," he thought, "I would hang them
+up on poles, dead, as a warning to the rest." It seemed almost a
+hopeless task, but he went about it. It was in vain he tried to kill
+some of them by throwing rocks and sticks. He could not get near enough
+to them. At length he laid snares and succeeded in snaring three birds.
+He had learned to weave a pliable, strong thong out of cocoa and other
+fibre that he was now acquainted with. The birds thus caught he fastened
+on broken branches of trees which he stuck into the earth in different
+parts of his field. The birds heeded the warning and visited his corn
+field no more that season.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of the season he gathered or husked his corn and after it was
+thoroughly dry he shelled it from the cob with his hands. He used his
+baskets in which to carry his husked ears from the field to his cave and
+in which to store it when shelled. He found that the ears were larger
+and better filled and plumper than when the plants grew wild. He
+selected the largest and best filled ea<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>rs for his seed the next time. In
+this way his new crop of corn was always better in kind and yielded more
+than the old one.</p>
+
+<p>At first he grew two crops a year, but by experimenting he found out
+about how much he needed for his own use and planted once a year enough
+to give him a liberal supply.</p>
+
+<p>He observed that the wild rice grew in swampy lands, so that he did not
+make the mistake of trying to raise it upon the upland where the corn
+grew best. He saw at once that the planting of rice on low, marshy or
+wet land was beyond his present strength and tools. "Some time in the
+future," he thought, "I may try it."</p>
+
+<p>Robinson also found wild grapes in abundance. These he dried by hanging
+them on the branches of trees. He thus had a store of raisins for each
+rainy season.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXX" id="XXX"></a>XXX</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AS POTTER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson was now anxious to cook his food, to boil his rice and
+vegetables and bake bread, but he could do nothing without cooking
+vessels. He had tried to use cocoanut shells, but these were too small
+and there was no way to keep them from falling over and spilling the
+contents. He determined to try to make some clay vessels. He knew where
+he could get a kind of clay that had the appearance of making good ware.
+It was fine grained and without lumps or pebbles. He was much perplexed
+to mould the clay into right shapes. He tried taking a lump and shaping
+it into a vessel with his hands. He tried many times, but each time the
+clay broke and he was forced to try some other way. He recalled how he
+had made his basket out of strands of twisted grass and wondered whether
+he could not make his pots in the same way.</p>
+
+<p>He spun the clay out into a long rope and began to coil it around a
+small basket forming the layers together with his hands. This was easy,
+but he did not see clear<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span>ly how he was going to get the basket out from
+the inside of the pot. He found he could copy in this way any form he
+wished, but he finally hit upon the plan of making a form of wicker work
+and coiling the clay rope inside it, for he saw that whether he
+succeeded or not in getting the clay free from the basket he could use
+the pot, and besides if the pot would stand the fire the basket would
+burn off. To dry the pots Robinson stood them in the sun a few days.
+When they were dry he tried to cook some soup in one of them. He filled
+it with water and put it on his stove or oven, but how sadly had he
+deceived himself. In a short time the water soaked into the clay and
+soon the pot had fallen to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>"How foolish I am!" said Robinson to himself; "the pots have to be fired
+before they can be used." He set about this at once. He found two stones
+of equal size, placed them near each other and laid a third across
+these. He then placed three large pots upon them and made a hot fire
+under them. No sooner had the flame shot up than one of the pots cracked
+in two. "I probably made the fire too hot at first," thought Robinson.</p>
+
+<p>He drew out some of the coals and wood, but afterwards gradually
+increased the fire again. He could not, howe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span>ver, get the pots hot enough
+to turn red. He brought the dryest and hardest wood, but could not
+succeed in getting them hot enough to turn red. At length he was tired
+out and was compelled to give it up. When the pots were cool he tried to
+boil water in one. It was no better than the sun dried one.</p>
+
+<p>He saw that he must provide some way to get the pots much hotter than he
+could in the open air. He resolved to make an oven of stones large
+enough to take in the wood as well as the pots. It must be above ground
+so that there might be plenty of draught for the fire. With great labor,
+he pried up and carried together flat stones enough to make an oven
+about four feet high with a chimney at one side. He had put in the
+center a stone table on which he could place three quite large pots. He
+left an opening in one side that could be partially closed by a large,
+flat stone.</p>
+
+<p>He worked eagerly and at the end of the second day he was ready to fire
+his oven. He first carried together a good quantity of dry wood, then he
+put in his pots and laid the wood around them. In a short time he had a
+very hot fire. He kept this up all day and until late at night.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 444px;">
+<img src="images/img15.png" width="444" height="255" alt="SOME OF ROBINSON&#39;S DISHES" title="" />
+<span class="caption">SOME OF ROBINSON&#39;S DISHES</span>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+<p>The next morning he went to his oven and found his pots were a beautiful
+red. He drew out the fire and allowed them to cool slowly. Then he
+filled one with water and set it over the fire to heat it. Before many
+minutes the water was boiling and Robinson had another reason to be
+thankful. He wept for joy. His patient labors had brought their rewards.
+No prince could feel as happy as Robinson now. He had overcome all
+difficulties. Starting with nothing but his hands, he was now able to
+supply all his wants. "If I only had a companion now," he thought, "I
+would have nothing further to wish as long as I stay on the island."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXI" id="XXXI"></a>XXXI</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AS BAKER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread. He had
+seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed
+closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made. He knew he
+must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this? He
+had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.</p>
+
+<p>He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he
+might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar. He thought he could put the
+corn into this mortar and grind it by means of another stone or pestle.
+It was with great difficulty that he could get a stone of suitable size
+and form. After several days' trial he at last got one cut out from some
+layers of rock near the shore. He made a hollow place in it. Then he
+took a smaller oblong shaped rock for his pestle.</p>
+
+<p>He took great pride in these new tools. "I shall soon be a
+stone-cutter," he said to himself, "as wel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>l as a farmer and potter." But
+his stone mortar was a failure. The rock was too soft. Every time he
+thrust the pestle down, it loosened small pieces of the stone vessel.
+These mixed with the ground corn or flour and made it unfit to eat.
+There was no way to separate the sand from the crushed grain.</p>
+
+<p>He resolved then to try to make a mortar and pestle of hard wood. Now
+that he had fire, he could do this, though it cost him many a hard day's
+work. He found not far away a log of very hard wood. By building a fire
+at the right distance from one end he was able to separate a piece of
+the log. He rolled this to his cave and made a good-sized hollow in it
+by burning. This pestle was not so difficult to make. He took a limb or
+branch of an ironwood tree, burned it in two at the place to make it the
+right length. By burning also he rounded one end and then he was ready
+for the grinding. After cleaning his mortar and pestle carefully he
+placed some corn in the hollow and soon had some fine yellow meal or
+flour without any grit or sand in it.</p>
+
+<p>His next care was to separate the coarse outer husk or covering of the
+kernel from the finer parts that make the meal. He had no sieve. His
+net was too coarse. It let both bran and meal go through. "I must ma<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>ke a
+net or cloth fine enough to sift or bolt my flour," said he. Such was
+now his skill in spinning and weaving that this was not hard to do. He
+had soon woven in his loom a piece of fine netting which allowed the
+meal to shake through, but held back the coarse bran or outer husk of
+the kernel. Out of the dry corn that he had stored up he now made quite
+a quantity of flour. This he kept tightly covered in a large earthen pot
+or jar that he had made for this purpose. "I must keep all my food clean
+and protect it from the ants and other insects as well as dust and
+damp," he thought.</p>
+
+<p>His preparations were now nearly made. He had already his stove of flat
+stones. On this he could set his pots to boil water, cook rice, and
+meat, but it would not do for baking a loaf of bread of any thickness.
+He must have an oven or enclosed place into which he could put the loaf
+to bake it. By the use of flat stones he soon rebuilt his stove so as to
+have an oven that did fine service. Now it was mixing the dough that
+claimed his attention. He had of course no yeast to make raised or light
+bread. He poured goats' milk on the flour and kneaded it into a thick
+dough. He did not forget to add salt. He placed his loaf in a shallow
+earthen pan he had made for thi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span>s purpose. After the fire had heated the
+stones of his oven through, he put in his loaf and soon was enjoying a
+meal of corn bread and meat stew.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson soon tried to make cocoa from the beans of the cocoa palm that
+grew in the island. This with good rich goats' milk in it he thought the
+best drink in the world. He often thought of making sugar from the sugar
+cane plant he had discovered in the island. But the labor of squeezing
+out the juice was too great. He could think of no way to do this without
+the help of horses or oxen.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXII" id="XXXII"></a>XXXII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AS FISHERMAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson was now eager to use his fire and cooking vessels. He had
+noticed with hungry eyes fine large fish in the creek near his cave. But
+he had never taken the trouble to catch any. "What is the use?" he
+thought. "I cannot eat them raw." It was different now and he began to
+devise ways of making a catch. How he longed for a fish-hook, such as he
+had so often used when loitering along the Hudson River! "But a
+fish-hook is not to be thought of," he said to himself, "unless I can
+make one of bone." He went down to the brook and searched long for a
+fish-bone that he might make use of for this purpose. He found nothing.</p>
+
+<p>"I must try something else," he thought. He remembered the nets he used
+to see along the Hudson and wondered if he could not make a small one to
+pull through the water and thus catch the fish.</p>
+
+<p>He had now a better source of fibre for weaving and for spinning into
+lines and ropes. He had discovered this when he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span> was trying to find a
+good strong thread or yarn with which to bind the coils of his
+grass-made baskets together. He obtained fibre in great abundance from
+the century-like plant. He found if he broke off the long leaves of this
+plant and allowed them to decay there remained a long, tough fibrous
+substance out of which strong cords could be twisted or yarn made for
+weaving a coarse cloth or netting.</p>
+
+<p>Out of this he spun yarn thread to make a net about three or four feet
+by two feet. He fastened cords to four corners of this, tied them to a
+long pole, and was now prepared to test his plan for catching fish.</p>
+
+<p>The brook he found was too shallow for him to catch fish in this way. At
+the sight of him and his net, they scurried away to deep water. Neither
+could he succeed in the shallow water along the shore. "I must wade out
+as far as I can," he said to himself, "and draw the net through the
+water."</p>
+
+<p>As he did this he was surprised at the many forms of sea life, new to
+him, that he saw. He, however, was careful and watchful. He walked along
+near the shore to a point where some rocks showed above the surface. As
+he looked ahead he saw the single eye of a giant cuttle-fish glaring at
+him from among <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>the rocks. It was thrusting out its long arms towards
+him. He drew back quickly, but as he did so he was terrified to hear the
+snap of some huge creature's jaws near him. A great shark had seen him
+and had thrown himself on his back to seize him in his rows of sharp
+teeth, but was prevented reaching him by the shallowness of the water.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson was too much terrified to continue longer his attempt at
+fishing. He went back to his cave with only a few small ones, not worth
+the trouble of dressing for his dinner.</p>
+
+<p>The next day undismayed he tried again. He succeeded in drawing in some
+very beautiful large fish. Their sides shone as burnished gold and
+silver. "Now," he thought, "I will have a feast." He carried them home,
+carefully cleaned and dressed them, seasoned them with his salt, and
+broiled them over his fire. Imagine his disappointment when they proved
+unfit to eat. Their flesh was coarse and tough and ill-tasting. He saw
+that the catching of fish for his table was a more difficult thing than
+he thought it. He must not only catch fish, but catch ones that could be
+eaten. He could only tell the good from the bad by trying them.</p>
+
+<p>He was more fortunate in his next venture. He was going along the shore
+at the mouth of the creek which ran near h<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>is cave when he noticed a
+group of fishes, dark bluish above with silvery sides. The largest of
+them were about two feet long. They were feeding on the bottom in the
+brackish water at the mouth of the creek, which at its mouth opened out
+into quite a little bay or inlet. They would take up a mouthful of earth
+from the bottom and let it wash through their mouths, keeping all the
+bits of food that happened to be in it. When one fish got a good place
+to feed the others swam around it and tried to get some of the food.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson watched his chance and slipped his net under a group, while
+each one was busy trying to get the best mouthful of mud. He drew up
+three quite large fish, but just as he was about to lift them from the
+water, one of the cords which bound the net to the poles broke and he
+saw his catch fall back into the creek and dart away in the deepest
+water. But Robinson was not to be discouraged. He soon mended his net
+and at last was successful. In a short time he drew out another catch of
+two fish.</p>
+
+<p>These proved excellent food and were so abundant as to furnish Robinson
+with all the fish he wanted as long as he stayed on the island.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXIII" id="XXXIII"></a>XXXIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON BUILDS A BOAT</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson had wished for a boat many times. He wished to explore the
+shore of his island. He wanted to go clear around it so that he might
+see it on every side. But he knew the work of making a boat would be
+great, if not wholly impossible.</p>
+
+<p>The shaping of boards to build a boat with his rude tools was not to be
+thought of. He knew how the Indians made boats out of bark of trees. But
+he saw that for his purpose so light a boat would not do. He finally
+remembered a second Indian way of making a boat by hollowing out a large
+log. The forest was full of the boles of trees that had been blown down.
+But they were far away from the shore. At first he did not think of this
+very much. He had overcome so many difficulties that he thought, "Never
+mind, I will get my boat to water, no matter where I make it, in some
+way." So he selected a tree trunk some distance from the bank of the
+little creek near his cave and began work.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>He had first to burn out his log the proper length and hack it into boat
+shape with his stone tools. This was very slow and tedious work. He had
+to handle the fire with great care for there was always the danger of
+spoiling the shape of the slowly forming boat. Both ends must be
+sharpened, but one more than the other to form the prow or forward going
+end. After he had shaped his boat, he began hollowing it out. This he
+did also by burning for the most part. He used the branches of pitch
+bearing trees for this purpose. But it was so slow. He worked at his
+boat all the time he could spare from his regular duties in attending to
+his goats, his garden and his cave. He was always making his cave
+larger. Every time he made a piece of furniture or stored away grain he
+must make more room in his cave by digging away the earth and carrying
+it out. He had made a large strong wicker basket for this purpose.</p>
+
+<p>He had had a vague idea that when he got his boat done he would dig a
+trench back from the bank of the creek and thus float his boat. But he
+had not thought it out clearly. "Or anyway," he thought, "I can in some
+way manage to roll it to the water." He must now actually plan to put
+some of these ideas into effect. He first went o<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>ver the ground and found
+that to dig a trench from the water to the boat, so that the water would
+come to the boat, he would have to dig it twenty feet deep. "I can never
+do this," he said, "with my poor tools."</p>
+
+<p>He next tried his rolling plan. But he had been so anxious to have a
+large boat that he had overlooked everything else. Try as hard as he
+might he could not stir his boat from the spot. After many trials with
+the longest levers he could handle, the boat still stuck fast. It would
+not budge an inch. He at last gave it up. "It will lie here," he
+thought, "to remind me how foolish it is to attempt to do anything
+without first having thought it out carefully."</p>
+
+<p>There was nothing to do but to choose another tree trunk. This time he
+selected a much smaller one, and one that lay at the top of the little
+slope or incline from the bank of the creek. After another weary six
+months of work he had his second boat ready for launching. With a good
+stout lever he gave it a start, when it rolled quickly down into the
+water. Robinson again wept for joy. Of all his projects this had cost
+him the most work and pains and at last to see his plans successful
+filled him with delight.</p>
+
+<p>The next problem was how to make it go. He had no certain knowledge how
+far it was around the island, but he kn<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>ew it was farther than he wanted
+to row or paddle his boat. Yet he knew from the way the wind blew that
+he could not always depend upon a sail to help him. He must become
+skillful in paddling his boat. A sail too would be very helpful at
+times. He imagined how pleasant it would be sitting in the boat sailing
+along with a gentle wind. "When the wind is favorable," he thought, "I
+will only have to steer with my paddle."</p>
+
+<p>So he set about weaving a sail of his sisal fibre. To do this he had to
+make a much larger loom than he had yet used. His sail must be at least
+four feet square. He was now so skilled in weaving that this was soon
+finished. He then made plenty of string, cord, and rope, put in a mast
+and was ready to sail. But he did not venture far away until he had
+spent weeks and weeks in learning to steer, sail, and paddle his boat.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXIV" id="XXXIV"></a>XXXIV</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AS A SAILOR</h3>
+
+
+<p>Ever since Robinson had finished his boat he had been eager to make a
+tour of his island. He had indeed made a journey by land. But the deep
+forests and tangled vines made it very difficult to travel. His journeys
+had shown him but a small part of the land. He wished to know all about
+the land of which he, so far as he knew, was the sole master.</p>
+
+<p>His first care was to fit up his boat with provisions. He made some
+large baskets in which to carry food and a large covered jar for water.
+These he stored in the bow and the stern of his boat. He fastened his
+parasol on the stern for a shelter from the sun. He baked up a quantity
+of cakes or loaves of bread and packed them in his baskets. He had woven
+these so carefully that they would almost hold water.</p>
+
+<p>At last all was ready. It was on the sixth day of November in the sixth
+year of his life on the island that Robinson hoisted his sail and set
+out upon this voyage of discovery. He had waited until the wind was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>
+gentle and blowing as far easterly as it does at that place. He scudded
+along bravely, running with the land toward the East and North. All went
+well until he came to a low reef or ledge of rocks running far out to
+sea in a north-easterly direction.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img16.jpg" width="400" height="455" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>When Robinson observed this he went on shore and climbed to a high point
+to see if it was safe to venture. He was afraid of hidden currents, or
+streams of water. These might carry him away from the shore and pre<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>vent
+him from getting around the point.</p>
+
+<p>He did indeed observe that there was a current running out to sea past
+the ledge, but he thought he could by careful paddling keep his boat
+from striking the rock. If he could once get beyond the ledge, the wind
+would help him double or get around the point. Indeed the danger was
+that the wind would blow him on to the rocks.</p>
+
+<p>He waited for two days for a gentle wind. At last without sail he pushed
+his boat into the current and was born swiftly seaward. He found the
+current much stronger than he thought it would be. It rushed his frail
+boat on past the point of the rocks and out into the sea. Try as best he
+might he could not change its course. He was steadily going out to sea.
+He gave himself up for lost. He reproached himself for being so rash and
+foolhardy as to trust his fortunes in so frail a craft. How dear at this
+time seemed the island to him! The wind which he had depended on to help
+him at this point had died down so that it was at the mercy of the
+current. He kept urging his boat to the westward as much as possible,
+with all his strength, hoping that a breeze would finally spring up.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p>
+<p>He struggled on bravely until about noon. He had been carried out a
+great distance into the sea, but not so far as to lose sight of the
+land. All at once he felt the breeze freshening up. It caught his sail
+and soon his boat was cutting across the current. He did not have to go
+far before he was free from it and making headway for the island, which
+he reached about four o'clock in the afternoon.</p>
+
+<p>He found himself on the northern shore of the island, but before long
+the shore ran away to the southward again. He ran briskly along the west
+side until he found a little bay or cove. He determined to enter this,
+draw up his boat on shore and make his way back home across the island
+on foot. He was almost exhausted with his great labor and was worn out
+with anxiety.</p>
+
+<p>In the centre of the arms of the cove he found a little creek entering
+the sea. He paddled into this and found a good place to hide his boat.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as Robinson was again on land he fell on his knees and with
+tears in his eyes thanked God for his deliverance. The island which had
+seemed to him a prison now seemed the fairest and dearest place in the
+world.</p>
+
+<p>Having made his boat safe he started back toward his shelter. But he was
+too tired to go far. He soon came to a little grove of trees beneath
+which he laid h<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span>imself down and soon was fast asleep.</p>
+
+<p>You can imagine with what surprise Robinson was awakened out of his
+sleep by a voice calling his name. "Robinson, Robinson Crusoe," it said,
+"poor Robinson Crusoe! Where are you Robinson, where have you been?"</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img17.jpg" width="400" height="490" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>He was so fast asleep that he did not at first rouse up entirely and
+thought he was dreaming. But the voice kept calling, "Robinson,
+Robinson, poor Robinson Crusoe!" He was greatly frightened and started
+up. But n<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>o sooner were his eyes opened than he saw his parrot sitting on
+a branch of a tree. He knew at once the source of the voice.</p>
+
+<p>Polly had missed her master and was also exploring the island. It was a
+pleasant surprise. She immediately flew to him and lit on his shoulder.
+She showed in many ways how glad she was to see him and kept saying,
+"Poor Robinson, poor Robinson Crusoe!"</p>
+
+<p>Robinson remained here over night and the next morning made his way back
+to the shelter. Up to this time Robinson had never seen any dangerous
+animals on the island. He had grown used to life there and went about
+without fear of animals. But as he was returning across a little
+opening, he saw a clump of palms in the centre of the opening, swaying
+about. He did not at first see what caused this, but soon there was
+thrust out the head of a great serpent. Its jaws were open and its eyes
+were fixed on a poor terrified little rabbit. The rabbit seemed rooted
+to the spot. It could not stir a muscle and was soon caught in the folds
+of the great snake.</p>
+
+<p>This sight made Robinson greatly afraid. He wanted to rush to the rescue
+of the rabbit, but what could he do against such a foe? He resolved in
+the future to <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>keep a more careful watch and always to sleep in his
+bower.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson had enough of exploring for some time. He was contented to
+remain at home. He made many things he needed. He had saved all the
+skins of the goats he had killed for meat and all that had died from any
+cause. These he made into rugs for his bed. He kept at his loom too, for
+he was anxious to weave enough of his coarse cloth to make him a suit of
+clothes. He learned how to braid mats and rugs out of his fibre, and
+finally replaced his awkward hat and parasol with others braided very
+skillfully from the long grasses that grew so abundantly in the marshy
+places.</p>
+
+<p>Another thing that Robinson was now able to make or weave out of his
+fibre was a hammock. He had slept all this time on a bed made of poles
+laid lengthwise and thickly covered with the skins of goats and rabbits.</p>
+
+<p>Now he could have a comfortable place to sleep. He did not stop until he
+had made two. One was for the bower and the other was for use
+out-of-doors. When his work was done in the evening or in the heat of
+the midday he would lie in it at full length under the shade of the
+trees.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXV" id="XXXV"></a>XXXV</h2>
+
+<h3>A DISCOVERY</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson could not forget his boat. It seemed a companion. "It may be
+the means of my escape from this place," he thought. He took frequent
+journeys across the island to where his little boat lay in the cove. He
+would start out in the morning and walk over to the west side of the
+island, take his boat and have a pleasant little sail. He always
+returned home before dark, for to tell the truth, Robinson was a coward.
+He was as timid as a hare. He was afraid of everything and spent many
+nights without sleep because of fear.</p>
+
+<p>It was while on one of his visits to his boat that Robinson made a
+discovery that changed his whole life. It happened one day, about noon,
+when he was going toward his boat that he, with great surprise, saw the
+print of a man's naked foot on the shore in the sand. He stood like one
+rooted to the ground. He could not move, so great was his surprise and
+fear. He listened, looked around, but could hear and see nothing. He
+went up to a little hill to look further but nothing was in sight.
+There was but the one footprint. There w<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span>as no doubt about it, there it
+was, foot, toes, heel and every part of a foot. Robinson tried to think
+how it might have gotten there, but he could not. It was a mystery. He
+was greatly afraid and started at once for his shelter. He ran like one
+pursued. At every little way he would look behind to see if anyone was
+following him.</p>
+
+<p>Never a frightened rabbit ran to his hiding place with more terror than
+Robinson ran to his cave. He did not sleep that night for fear and
+remained in his shelter for three days, never venturing out. But his
+food was growing short and his goats needed to be milked. He finally
+with a thousand wild fancies forced himself to go about his duties.</p>
+
+<p>But he could not get the footprint out of his mind. He spent many sad
+and fearful days thinking about it. "How could it have gotten there?
+Whose was it? Was the owner savage or not? What did he want on the
+island?" were some of the questions that haunted him.</p>
+
+<p>"Perhaps," he thought one day, "I just imagined I saw a footprint, or
+perhaps it was one of my own that I have made when going to sail my
+boat." He took courage at this and began to go about the island again.
+But he went in great fear, always looking behind him. He was always
+ready to run a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span>t the first sign of danger. He had made himself a large,
+strong, new bow and plenty of arrows. He carried these in a quiver he
+had made from his cloth. He fashioned too a sharp-pointed, lance-like
+weapon which he hurled with a kind of sling. In his belt he carried some
+new sharpened stone knives. He had found a better kind of rock out of
+which to make his knives. It resembled glass and could be brought to a
+fine, keen edge.</p>
+
+<p>Armed thus, he began to have more confidence. He had a strong desire to
+see the footprint again and make up his mind about it. He wished to
+measure it. In this way he could tell certainly whether it was a chance
+print of his own foot or not. So, after a few days, he again ventured
+across the island. Alas, on measuring the print it was much larger than
+his own! There could no longer be any doubt that it belonged to someone
+else.</p>
+
+<p>Again great fear fell on poor Robinson. He shook with cold and fright.
+He resolved to make himself more secure against attack.</p>
+
+<p>He cut and carried willow stakes and set them in a thick hedge around in
+front of his shelter. This was outside the first and enclosed it. In a
+season or two these had grown to such a height as to shut out all view
+of his home from sight to one coming to it fro<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>m the front.</p>
+
+<p>His flock of goats gave him many troubled thoughts. His goats were his
+greatest treasure. From them he obtained without trouble his meat, his
+milk and butter.</p>
+
+<p>"What if they were discovered and killed or carried away?" He resolved
+to divide his herd into three parts and secrete these in separate fenced
+pastures in different parts of the island. His herd of goats now
+numbered twenty-five. He made thorough search about the island for the
+most secluded and best hidden spots where he could fence in a pasture.</p>
+
+<p>One day as he was exploring on the west side of the island to find
+another open space for a goat field, he thought he spied away out to sea
+a boat. He looked long and anxiously and yet he was not sure that it was
+a boat he saw. But how easy, thought Robinson, for the people of the
+mainland, which must be at no great distance to the westward, to come
+across to this side of the island in fair weather. He thought too, how
+fortunate he was to have been cast on the east side of the island. For
+there he had his shelter in the very safest part.</p>
+
+<p>As he was coming down from a hill where he had gone to get a better view
+of the sea he made another discovery. About him everywhere at the foot
+of the hill were b<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span>ones of all kinds. Near by too, were charcoal and
+ashes. There could be no mistake, the place was visited by human beings.
+These were very likely savages. Everything showed that they came for the
+purpose of feasting and not for plundering. It was very likely that they
+neither sought anything on the island nor expected it.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 483px;">
+<img src="images/img18.jpg" width="483" height="400" alt="WATCHING FOR SAVAGES" title="" />
+<span class="caption">WATCHING FOR SAVAGES</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>This thought greatly relieved Robinson. He returned home in a very
+thankful and composed state of mind. He had now been on the island
+almost eighteen years and had not been discovered. Yet, no doubt, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>the
+island had been visited many times by the savages since he had been
+there.</p>
+
+<p>In a short time his fear of discovery wore off and he began to live just
+as he did before his discovery.</p>
+
+<p>He took, however, greater precaution against surprise. He always carried
+his bow and arrows, his lance and knives. He was also very careful about
+making a great smoke from his fire. He burned a great quantity of wood
+in a pit and made charcoal. With this material he had a fine fire with a
+very little smoke. Every day also he went to the top of the hill back of
+his shelter in order to discover if possible the approach of savages.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXVI" id="XXXVI"></a>XXXVI</h2>
+
+<h3>THE LANDING OF THE SAVAGES</h3>
+
+
+<p>Another year passed by, Robinson longed more and more to get away from
+the island. Year after year he had hoped and watched in vain for a
+passing ship. Every day he would scan the waters that held him prisoner
+for the welcome sight of a sail. He had been disappointed. Now his only
+hope was to escape to the mainland in some way. He feared the savages.
+He had heard stories of their being cannibals. But if they could come to
+his island in their canoes against the prevailing wind, why could he not
+get to the mainland with it in his favor?</p>
+
+<p>Strange as it may be, Robinson began to wish for the return of the
+savages. He hoped to watch them at a distance and find out something
+about their customs. More especially he wished that he might capture one
+of them. He had two reasons for this. In the first place he would have a
+companion. He pictured fondly how he would teach him gentle manners and
+the English speech. And, too, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span> companion would be able to help him.
+Besides this he longed above all to know more of the mainland and
+whether it would be safe to go there. He wanted to find out in what kind
+of boat they made the voyage. He thought that if he had such a person he
+would have someone to show him the way to reach the land.</p>
+
+<p>The more he thought, the more anxious he became to see the savages on
+the island. He thought so much about it by day that he dreamed about it
+at night. One night he dreamed that the savages came, drew their boats
+upon the shore and began to prepare their feast. As he watched them one
+of their number broke away from his fellows and came straight toward his
+hiding-place. Robinson thought he rushed out, drove away those that
+followed the fleeing man and rescued him. This dream made a deep
+impression upon him and made him await the coming of the savages with
+great hopes and eagerness.</p>
+
+<p>It was more than eighteen months after he had formed this plan of
+capturing one of the savages before the savages made their appearance.
+Robinson was surprised one morning to see no less than five canoes drawn
+up on the shore at a point on his side of the island about two miles
+below his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> shelter, to the south. The people that had come in them were
+on shore and out of sight. Robinson went back to his shelter to make his
+plans. He made up his mind that he would be foolish to attack them.
+There must be twenty-five or thirty of them. He finally went to a point
+where he could see farther inland and soon caught sight of a crowd of
+about thirty savages. They were naked and dancing around and around in a
+circle. All the while they were singing and making hideous noises. There
+was a fire in the center of the ring of savages. "They are cooking their
+feast," thought Robinson. "Maybe I can surprise them while they eat and
+rush in and seize one." But this seemed too great a risk to run. He had
+no weapons but his bow and arrows, his lance and knife. What could he do
+against so great a number?</p>
+
+<p>But fortune favored his plans. As he gazed at them from his safe
+distance he saw one of their number break away from the rest and run
+with utmost speed directly toward his hiding-place. At once two other
+savages pursued him. They had no weapons but clubs. They ran with great
+swiftness, but the man in front was steadily gaining ground.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span></p>
+<p>Robinson now to tell the truth was dreadfully frightened to see the
+savage run directly toward him and his shelter. He kept his place,
+however, and watched the race. The man running away ran along the shore
+and would soon come to the little creek that emptied into the sea below
+his home. Robinson saw that the savage would have to swim this to
+escape. He ran down thither and concealed himself behind a tree and
+waited for the fugitive to come up. As he did so, the fleeing savage
+plunged in and swam across with a few strong strokes. When he was well
+on the bank, Robinson presented himself and made signs to him to come to
+him and he would help him. The savage was at first almost overcome with
+astonishment and fright, for Robinson presented a very unusual sight.
+The savage at once ran to him and fell down at his feet. Indeed so great
+was his fright and distress that he placed one of Robinson's feet upon
+his neck in sign that he yielded up his life into his hands. Robinson
+raised him up and motioned for him to take the lance and help in defence
+against the men, now coming up. They hid behind trees and waited for
+them to swim across the stream. But this they did not do. When they
+reached the creek, they could see nothing of their runaway. They very
+slowly turned and went back to their companions.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Robinson was well content not to let them know that there was any one on
+the island. He feared they might return and destroy his shelter and
+fields.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson took the savage to his shelter and gave him bread and raisins
+to eat, and a cup of water to drink. He was very hungry and ate
+greedily. After he had eaten, Robinson made signs for him to lie down
+and sleep, for the Indian was nearly tired out with his long and swift
+run.</p>
+
+<p>He was a handsome fellow of his race. His limbs were large, straight and
+strong. He had a good face. His hair was long and black, his forehead
+high, and his eyes bright. His skin was not black, but of an olive
+color. His teeth were fine set and as white as ivory.</p>
+
+<p>He slept about an hour; when he awoke he came running to Robinson and
+again made signs to him that he was his slave. "You saved my life," he
+seemed to say, "and now I will serve you." Robinson named him Friday at
+once, for that was the day on which the great event of his escape had
+taken place.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson's next care was to fit him out with some clothing. He had by
+this time several suits made of his coarse cloth. He soon had Friday
+dressed in one of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span> the old ones, with a straw or braided hat on his head.
+He did not think it safe to allow Friday to sleep with him in the bower.
+He made a little tent for him inside the enclosure. This was covered
+with goatskins and made a very good protection from both heat and rain.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson took care to keep all his knives and weapons near him in the
+bower. But his fears that Friday might harm him were unfounded. Friday
+from the first was faithful to his master. He was sweet and obedient in
+all things. He seemed to look upon Robinson with the love of a child for
+its father and never tired of serving him.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXVII" id="XXXVII"></a>XXXVII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AS A TEACHER</h3>
+
+<p class="center">(From Robinson's Diary)</p>
+
+
+<p>"I began to consider that having now two mouths to feed instead of one, I
+must provide more ground for my harvest and plant a larger quantity of
+corn than I used to plant. So I marked out a larger piece of land and
+began to fence it in. Friday worked not only very willingly but very
+hard. I told him that it was for corn to make more bread because he was
+now with me. He let me know that he was grateful for my kindness and
+would work much harder if I would tell him what to do.</p>
+
+<p>"This was the pleasantest year of all the life I led in this place.
+Friday began to talk pretty well and understood the names of almost all
+the things that I called for and of all the places which I wished to
+send him. I was careful to teach him all the things I knew. I showed him
+how to plant and harvest corn, how to gather fibre, spin yarn and to
+weave it into cloth. He learned these things quickly and became very
+skillful in making pots. He kne<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span>w something about this because at home he
+had seen the women make them. He ornamented them with figures of birds
+and flowers. I taught him about the true God. But as for writing he
+could never do much with this. I had no books and could not make him
+understand the importance of writing. He began to talk a great deal to
+me. This delighted me very much. I began to love him exceedingly. He was
+so very honest and faithful.</p>
+
+<p>"After I had taught him English I tried one day to find out whether he
+had any wish to return to his own country and as I talked to him about
+it I saw his face light up with joy and his eye sparkle. From this I had
+no doubt but that Friday would like to be in his own country again. This
+for a time made me sad, to think how eagerly he would leave me to be
+among his savage friends. 'Do you not wish you were back in your own
+country, Friday?' I said to him one day. 'Yes,' he said, 'I be much O
+glad to be back in my country.' 'What would you do there,' said I?
+'Would you turn wild again and do as the savages do?' He shook his head
+and said very gravely, 'No, no, Friday tell them to live good. He tell
+them to plant corn and live like white mans.'</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span></p>
+<p>"One day when we were on the top of a hill on the west side of the
+island, Friday suddenly began to jump and dance about in great glee. I
+asked him what the matter was. 'O, joy, O glad,' he said; 'there my
+country!' The air was so clear that from this place, as I had before
+discovered, land could be distinctly seen looking westward.</p>
+
+<p>"I asked him how far it was from our island to his country and whether
+their canoes were ever lost in coming and going. He said that there was
+no danger. No canoes were ever wrecked and that it was easy to get back
+and forth. I asked him many things about his people and country. He told
+me that away to the west of his country there lived 'white mans like
+you.' I thought these must be the people of Central America, and asked
+him how I might come from this island and get among these white men. He
+made me understand that I must have a large boat as big as two canoes.</p>
+
+<p>"I resolved at once to begin to make a boat large enough for us to pass
+over to the land we could see lying to the west and if possible to go on
+to the white man's country Friday told me about. It took us nearly two
+months to make our boat and rig her out with sails, masts, rudder, and
+anchor. We had to weave our sails and twist our rope. We burned out the
+canoe from a large fallen log. We use<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span>d a great stone tied securely to
+the end of a strong rope for an anchor.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 486px;">
+<img src="images/img19.jpg" width="486" height="400" alt="ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SAILING THE BOAT" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SAILING THE BOAT</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"When we had the boat in the water, Friday showed great skill in rowing
+or paddling it. He had managed boats ever since he was old enough, but
+he did not know how to handle a sail or rudder. He learned very quickly,
+however, to sail and steer the boat and soon was perfectly at home in
+it.</p>
+
+<p>"We made our boat safe by keeping it in the little cove at the mouth of
+the creek. I had Friday to fetch rocks and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> build a dock or place for
+landing. But the rainy season was now coming on and we must wait for
+fair weather. In the meantime I planned to lay by such quantities of
+food as we would need to take along."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXVIII" id="XXXVIII"></a>XXXVIII</h2>
+
+<h3>ANOTHER SHIPWRECK</h3>
+
+
+<p>One evening Robinson sat in his shelter thinking of his plans to escape
+to Friday's country. He was sad. For, after all, this place was very
+dear to him. It was the only home he had. Had he not made everything
+with his own hands? It was doubly dear to him on this account. He
+thought how it would grieve him to leave his goats, his fields, and the
+many comforts he had here.</p>
+
+<p>He had been telling Friday of his home in New York. He told him of the
+great city, and of its many wonderful sights. He told him of his country
+and people, of his flag and its history. All these things brought back
+memories of his boyhood and he wondered what changes had come in his
+long absence. Friday, with wonderful intelligence, listened to all
+Robinson told him. He was delighted in hearing Robinson tell of the
+wonders of the great world, for he had never known anything about it. As
+they talked Robinson noticed the approach of a storm. The sky was
+getting bla<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span>ck with clouds. The winds were blowing a hurricane. The waves
+were coming in mountain high. It reminded him of the eventful night now
+twenty-five years ago when his ship was tossed up on the shore like an
+egg shell and broken to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly there was a sound that made Robinson start from his seat with
+the wildest alarm. Was it the sound of a cannon from the ocean or the
+terrible crash and roar of the water on the rocks of the coast? There it
+is again; it is a cannon! Some ship is in distress! This is its signal!
+Robinson ran out and down to the shore with Friday at his heels.</p>
+
+<p>"O master!" said Friday, "can we not help? If they only knew the island
+was here and how to steer into the harbor beyond the point of land on
+the south."</p>
+
+<p>Robinson was so excited that he scarcely knew what he was doing. He ran
+up and down the shore calling wildly, but the awful roar of the sea and
+wind drowned his cries. Suddenly his thoughts came to him. "Quick,
+Friday, get some fire in a pot. We will run to the point, gather grass
+and wood, and make a fire there. Maybe we can guide them into the
+harbor."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span></p>
+<p>They soon had a great beacon light sending its welcome greeting far over
+the sea. The pilot of the ship saw it and steered his ship nearer and
+nearer. Robinson was ready to shout for joy as the ship seemed about to
+make the harbor. The ship had her sails torn in shreds and her rudder
+broken. It was hard to steer her in such a gale. On rounding the point,
+she was blown on the rocks. With a frightful crash which could be heard
+above the din of the storm she struck and held fast. Robinson could hear
+the cries of the men and the orders of the officers. They were trying to
+get boats ready to put off, but such was the confusion of the storm and
+the enormous waves breaking over the deck that it could not be done
+quickly. Before the men could get a boat into the sea, and get into it,
+the ship gave a lurch to one side as though about to sink. All the men
+jumped for one boat. It was overburdened. The wind tossed it about. The
+sea soon filled it and it went down and all were lost.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson and Friday remained on the shore all night. They watched to see
+if they could not help some poor sailor that might cling to a plank and
+be blown on shore. They saw no one.</p>
+
+<p>At last they lay down, but they could not sleep. Many times they sprang
+up and ran about for fear that some poor <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>fellow would need their help.
+At last morning came. The storm ceased. Robinson and Friday searched
+everywhere for the bodies of the sailors, but could find none. But the
+wind had blown the ship in plain view, and into shallow waters. It was
+lying on the bottom with more than half its bulk out of the water. The
+masts were gone. It was a sad sight. No human being could be seen on it.</p>
+
+<p>They were now rejoiced that they had their boat ready. "Let us take it,"
+said Robinson "and go out to the ship. It may be some person is still on
+the unfortunate ship." They were soon by the ship's side. They rowed
+around it until they saw a rope hanging down from the deck. Robinson
+seized this and clambered up. Friday tied the boat fast, and followed.
+Robinson opened the door leading from the deck into the ship and went
+down. He searched in all the cabins, and knocked at all the doors. He
+called, but all was still. When he was satisfied that every person on
+board had been drowned he wept bitterly.</p>
+
+<p>Friday stood there with open and staring eyes. He looked and looked. He
+was astonished at the large ship and at the wonderful things before him.
+They were in the cabin where the passengers had been. There stood
+trunks under the benches and clothes hung o<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span>n the hooks on the wall. One
+trunk was open. In it were telescopes through which the travelers had
+looked at the land. Robinson saw also paper, pens, pen-holders and ink.
+Books were also near by. Robinson first took a thick book. It was the
+Bible, out of which his mother had so often taught him. Then they came
+to the sailors' cabin. There hung muskets and swords and bags of shot
+and cartridges. Then they went to the work-room. There were saws,
+hammers, spades, shovels, chisels, nails, bottles, and pails, knives and
+forks. And something more, over which Robinson was most glad, matches.
+At last they came into the store-room. There lay bags of flour and
+barley, teas, lentils, beans and sugar. Then Robinson embraced Friday in
+his great joy and said to him, "How rich we are!"</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXIX" id="XXXIX"></a>XXXIX</h2>
+
+<h3>SAVING THINGS FROM THE SHIP</h3>
+
+
+<p>After Robinson had looked through the ship he began to plan the way to
+get the tools and things he most wanted on shore. He and Friday first
+carried everything together that he wanted to take on shore. When they
+had done this, he found he had the following things. Robinson stood
+everything together that he needed most.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1. A case of nails and screws.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">2. Two iron axes and several hatchets.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">3. A saw.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">4. A small case of planes, tongs, augers, files, chisels, etc.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">5. A third case with iron brackets, hooks, hinges, etc.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">6. A case of matches.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">7. A barrel of gunpowder.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">8. Two muskets and a pistol.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">9. Several swords.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">10. A bag of cartridges.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">11. A large sail cloth and some rope.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">12. A telescope.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span></p>
+<p>By means of the ship's ropes, Robinson let everything down into his
+boat. He himself took the Bible and then they rowed to the shore, and
+unloaded the boat. Everything was put into the bower where rain could
+not harm it. By the time they had this done, night was coming on and
+they decided to do no more that day, but wait until the next day.</p>
+
+<p>"We must work fast," said Robinson. "The first storm is likely to break
+the ship in pieces and destroy everything in it."</p>
+
+<p>The next morning early they ate a hastily prepared breakfast and were
+off to the boat. Neither Robinson nor Friday stopped for their noonday
+lunch. "A storm is brewing," said Robinson, "the air is calm, the sky is
+overcast with clouds, the heat is oppressive. We must hurry." With the
+utmost diligence they rowed back and forth all day. They made nine
+trips. They had now on shore a surprising quantity of all kinds of
+tools, goods and weapons. They had all kinds of ware to use in the
+kitchen, clothes, and food. Robinson prized a little four-wheeled wagon
+and a whetstone.</p>
+
+<p>But in looking over his stores, Robinson suddenly discovered that he had
+no needles or thread. They went at once to procure these important
+articles. In looking for needles and thread, Robinson found a small
+trunk full of money and valuable sto<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span>nes. There were diamonds, rubies,
+pearls, and much gold. Robinson pushed it to one side. "What can I do
+with riches on this island? I would give them all for some needles and
+thread," he said to Friday. But on second thought he took the trunk and
+its contents along with him to his cave. For in the trunk were also
+letters and writings. "Perhaps," he said, "these tell to whom the
+valuables belong and I can return them some time."</p>
+
+<p>Robinson at last found a case containing everything one could need with
+which to cut and sew cloth. There were scissors, thread, needles,
+thimbles, tapes, and buttons. But now the wind was rising and they must
+hurry. They were nearly ready for departure. They were passing through a
+part of the ship not before visited. They were surprised to hear a sound
+coming from a room whose door was kept shut by a heap of stuff that had
+been thrown against it by the violent pitching of the ship in the storm.
+Robinson and Friday cleared away the rubbish and were surprised to find
+a dog almost drowned. He was so weak from want of food that his cries
+could be heard a short distance only. Robinson took him tenderly in his
+arms and carried him to the boat, while Friday carried the sewing case
+and the trunk.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The wind was now blowing a gale. A few yards from the ship they were in
+great danger. Robinson grasped the rudder and made Friday stand ready to
+cut away the mast in case they found the wind too strong. With the
+greatest difficulty they finally made the little cove at the mouth of
+the creek and were soon landed with their precious cargo. The next
+morning they eagerly searched the waters for the ship. Not even their
+field glasses could reveal anything of it. Some planks, a mast, and
+parts of a small boat were blown on shore. All else had disappeared.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson set to work at once to make a door for his bower out of the
+pine wood cast up by the waves. How easy the work proceeded with saws,
+hammers, augers, squares, planes, nails, hinges, and screws! With the
+wagon too, Friday could now gather his corn quickly and easily, or haul
+in a great quantity of grapes to dry for raisins.</p>
+
+<p>Friday had never seen a gun. He did not know the use of firearms. The
+muskets that Robinson had brought from the ship were a great mystery to
+him. Robinson showed him their use. He showed how they could defend
+themselves. He told Friday that these weapons would kill at a dista<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span>nce.
+He took some powder and touched a match to it. Friday was greatly
+frightened.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 442px;">
+<img src="images/img20.jpg" width="442" height="400" alt="ROBINSON SHOWING FRIDAY HOW TO SHOOT" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON SHOWING FRIDAY HOW TO SHOOT</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Robinson then proceeded to load the gun. He put in some powder, a ball
+of lead or bullet. Then at the hammer he placed a little cap which gave
+a flash when struck. This ignited the powder. When all was in readiness
+Robinson bade Friday follow him. They went slowly out into the forest
+along the stream. Soon Robinson espied a rabbit s<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span>itting under a clump of
+grass. Robinson raised his gun, took careful aim, pressed the trigger.
+There was a flash and loud report and there lay the rabbit dead. But
+Friday, too, was lying on the ground. He had fainted from astonishment
+and fright. Robinson dropped his gun and raised the poor fellow up to a
+sitting position. He quickly recovered. He ran to get the rabbit. He
+examined it carefully. Robinson at last pointed out the hole the bullet
+had made and the mystery of the way the rabbit was killed was solved.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson had lived alone so long that he had learned to love every
+living creature on the island. He never harmed anything except when he
+needed food. He had lived so quietly that the birds and animals did not
+fear him. They lived near his shelter and seemed to know him.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson was delighted with his new tools and weapons. But they reminded
+him of home. Nothing that he had seen in all the time he had been on the
+island so turned his thoughts toward home and friends. Robinson would
+sit for hours thinking of the past and making plans for the future. He
+was homesick.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XL" id="XL"></a>XL</h2>
+
+<h3>THE RETURN OF THE SAVAGES</h3>
+
+
+<p>Robinson now renewed his plans for escaping from the island to Friday's
+country. They first rebuilt their boat with their new tools. They
+hollowed out the center till the sides were thin toward the top. They
+shaped her sides and keel. They made her prow sharp so that she would
+cut the water easily. They made a new mast, strong and tall and shapely.
+They made larger and stronger sails and ropes. They made two pairs of
+extra oars. They made boxes and cupboards in the prow and stern for
+keeping their fresh water and provisions. Friday's eyes sparkled with
+joy when it was done. He hoped he would now be able to return to his own
+island and parents. Robinson noticed his joy and asked him, "Do you want
+to return to your own people?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," said Friday, "very much."</p>
+
+<p>"Would you trust yourself in this boat?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," said Friday.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p>
+<p>"Very well," said his master, "you may have it and start home when you
+please." "Yes, Master, but you come too, my people will not hurt you."
+Robinson resolved to venture over to Friday's land with him.</p>
+
+<p>But before their preparations were complete the rainy season of our fall
+set in. They resolved to wait until the weather was settled and as soon
+as the rainy season was over to set out. They ran their boat well up
+into the creek and covered it over with a large tarpaulin made of
+sail-cloth obtained from the ship.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson had now been on the island twenty-seven years. For the last
+three years he had lived happily with his companion Friday. Every year
+in September, Robinson celebrated the day his life was saved and he was
+thrown up on the island. Robinson celebrated it this year with more than
+the usual thankfulness. He thought that it would be his last anniversary
+on the island.</p>
+
+<p>One morning, Friday had gone to the beach to find a turtle. Soon he came
+running back out of breath. "O Master," he cried, "they are coming, they
+are coming to take me prisoner!" He was trembling with fright.</p>
+
+<p>"We must take our guns and defend ourselves," said Robinson. "But we
+will not kill anyone unless they attack us." This quieted Friday. They
+loaded four m<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span>uskets and three pistols. Robinson put the pistols in his
+belt, where he also fastened a sword. He gave Friday a pistol and a
+musket, for Friday had learned to shoot well. Besides Friday carried a
+bag of powder and bullets. Robinson took his field glasses and saw
+twenty-one savages with two prisoners. The prisoners were bound and
+lying on the ground. This was a war party celebrating a victory with a
+feast. They probably intended to kill their prisoners. "We must save the
+lives of those men," said Robinson.</p>
+
+<p>The savages this time had landed quite near Robinson's shelter, not more
+than a half mile below the creek's mouth. Soon he and Friday started
+off. Robinson commanded Friday to follow quietly and not to speak or
+shoot.</p>
+
+<p>"We will surprise them and give them a good scare," said Robinson.</p>
+
+<p>When yet a considerable distance away they could hear the savages
+yelling and screaming. Some of them were dancing their war dance. Their
+faces and bodies were painted to make them look terrible to their
+enemies. They were dancing around their prisoners with hideous cries and
+gestures. They could now see the prisoners plainly. One had a beard and
+was plainly a white man. Robinson was surprised and determined to save
+him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> at all risks.</p>
+
+<p>"Get your gun ready to fire," he said to Friday, "and when I say the
+word let us run forward yelling and firing our guns over their heads.
+This will fill them with such fright that they will take to their heels
+and boats and get away as soon as possible. In the scramble and
+confusion we will rush in and rescue the prisoners."</p>
+
+<p>This plan did not please Friday at all. His savage blood was up and he
+wanted to kill all he could. "Let's fire on them," he said. "Let's kill
+all but the prisoners."</p>
+
+<p>"No, no," said Robinson, "it's always wrong to take life unless it
+cannot be avoided to save one's own. Let's try my plan first."</p>
+
+<p>With great reluctance Friday consented. At a signal from Robinson they
+rushed forward, and when in plain sight they fired off their muskets in
+the air. If the ground had suddenly exploded beneath their feet there
+could have been no more confusion, astonishment, and fright. A few took
+to their heels. Others lay as if dead. They had swooned from fright. But
+as Robinson came up they jumped to their feet and pushed into the boats,
+leaving the prisoners behind. Robinson and Friday still rushed forward
+and fired their remaining loaded guns and pistols in the air. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span>The
+savages made all haste to get into their boats and push off. Soon they
+were well out to sea, paddling rapidly for the west. Robinson reloaded
+his arms and gave them a farewell volley, but not a soul was killed or
+even wounded. This gave Robinson great pleasure. He had accomplished his
+purpose without bloodshed.</p>
+
+<p>They could now turn to the prisoners. Robinson ran back to them and
+quickly cut their ropes. Robinson asked the white man who he was, but
+the man was too weak to answer. Robinson gave him a piece of bread.</p>
+
+<p>The fear of death being removed, the white man soon grew stronger. When
+Friday came running back from watching the boats and saw the savage that
+had been a prisoner he gave a loud yell. He threw his arms around the
+man, kissed him and laughed and cried for joy. He put his head on his
+breast and hugged him again and again. Robinson was greatly surprised
+and puzzled. He asked Friday what his actions meant. But so intent was
+Friday that he got no answer.</p>
+
+<p>At last Friday recovered far enough from his great joy to say with face
+beaming with delight, "O, Master, this man is my dear father." They at
+once began a long conversation, each one told his sto<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span>ry. Suddenly Friday
+jumped up and said, "How foolish I am, I have not thought to give my
+father anything to eat and drink. He must be nearly starved." And away
+he ran toward the shelter and was soon back with food and water to
+drink.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 514px;">
+<img src="images/img21.jpg" width="514" height="400" alt="FRIDAY AND HIS FATHER" title="" />
+<span class="caption">FRIDAY AND HIS FATHER</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Robinson learned through Friday from his father that the white man was a
+Spaniard, that he had been captured by the tribe that had a battle with
+Friday's people. The Spaniard was one of sixteen men that had been saved
+by Friday's people from a wrecked ship. So weak were the prisoners that
+they could <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span>not walk to the shelter. Robinson and Friday made a litter
+and carried them one after the other. When once there, Friday prepared
+some rich rice soup. The prisoners ate heartily and in a few days were
+strong enough to go about the island.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLI" id="XLI"></a>XLI</h2>
+
+<h3>DELIVERANCE AT LAST</h3>
+
+
+<p>Friday had not forgotten the plan for going to his home. He would often
+mention it and spent hours talking about it during the long rainy
+season. But now that the Spaniard and Friday's father had come into the
+family, Robinson felt he must change his plans a little. He felt very
+sorry for the Spaniards left in Friday's country. They did not have
+enough to eat and were sick and sad besides. He talked the matter over
+with the Spaniard many times. They at last planned to send for them. The
+Spaniard and Friday's father were to go. Robinson was for doing it at
+once. But the Spaniard advised delay. "How can we get food for ourselves
+and fifteen others? Your small store will soon be used up," he argued.
+Robinson at last saw that this difficulty must be overcome. There was
+just one thing to do, and this, to delay their departure until a new
+crop of corn could be raised. This would take six months.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span></p>
+<p>But at it they went. The four men could do much and work fast. They
+cleared more ground and planted all the seed corn they could spare from
+their store. Besides this they sowed about twelve bushels of barley they
+had gotten in the ship.</p>
+
+<p>The care for so much crop, its harvesting and storing away, kept them
+very busy for the season. Robinson not only did this, but also increased
+his flock of goats by catching kids and putting them in his pasture. He
+gathered, too, all the grapes he could and dried them on the branches of
+trees.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of the harvesting season, they made ready their boat. They
+filled it with all the bread it could well carry. They put in raisins
+and fresh water. Robinson gave the Spaniard and Friday's father each a
+musket and plenty of powder and bullets. Now, all was ready. Friday gave
+his father a loving farewell. He stretched out his arms towards him as
+the boat moved away. The Spaniard and Robinson waved their hats and they
+were off.</p>
+
+<p>They promised to be back in eight or nine days. Robinson and Friday made
+every preparation to receive the guests. They were to have a home not
+far from Robinson's built of poles, and thatched with the long marsh
+grasses, like Robinson's bower. There was no need of hiding or
+defending it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> It did not take long to fix it up.</p>
+
+<p>Eight days had now passed since the boat had left. Friday could hardly
+restrain himself longer. He watched the ocean all the time. He would go
+to the top of the hill with the field glasses every hour during the day
+to catch a first glimpse of them.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 489px;">
+<img src="images/img22.jpg" width="489" height="400" alt="ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SEE A SHIP" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SEE A SHIP</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>On the ninth day, as Friday put up his glasses to search the waters he
+dropped them with a yell of surprise. He tore down the hill with the
+utmost speed and rushed up to Robinson as one gone mad. "Look, look, O
+Master!" he cried, "a big ship; a big ship wa<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span>y out on the sea!" Robinson
+took the glasses, and sure enough, there within hailing distance was a
+large ocean going vessel. Robinson was overcome with excitement.</p>
+
+<p>For twenty-eight years his aching eyes had scanned the waters for this
+welcome sight. His joy was boundless. The ship looked like an American.
+Yes, there floated the American flag! How welcome a sight to Robinson.
+He could not utter a word. Tears filled his eyes and streamed down his
+cheeks. He would soon have news from home. He ran to the shore and shot
+off a gun to attract the attention of those on board. He heard answering
+shots at once.</p>
+
+<p>Soon a boat was lowered and in it three men rowed toward the shore. It
+was the captain himself and two sailors. The captain was astonished to
+find a man in the lonely island. Robinson told how it all had happened
+and how he would like to return home. To his unspeakable delight the
+captain told him that the ship was bound for New York and would take him
+along free of charge, but he must leave that day. The ship could not be
+delayed any longer. Of course Robinson would go. Friday was beside
+himself with grief. He did not want to be left behind alone. He did not
+know that the Spaniards would ever return<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span>. Something might happen to
+them on the sea. But before the eventful day the Spaniards landed. They
+brought word that Friday's father had died after his return home. Friday
+was thrown into a fit of grief at the news. He wept and repeated over
+and over his praise of the good man.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLII" id="XLII"></a>XLII</h2>
+
+<h3>ROBINSON AT HOME</h3>
+
+
+<p>It was with a sad heart that Robinson made ready to leave. Every
+familiar place seemed now doubly dear to him. He went from one to
+another with tears in his eyes. Here lay his home. Here were his fields,
+his crops and his goats. Everything was the work of his own hands. He
+had made them all. Which should he take? He hesitated long. He must take
+home some of his belongings to show the people at home. And there were
+his parrot and the dog which had won a place in Robinson's heart. He
+decided to take them along. At length he got together his diary, his
+parasol, his Bible, his treasures, a suit of clothes, his dog, and a
+hat. He had saved, too, his bow and arrows. These he decided to take
+along. Everything else he gave to his good man Friday and the Spaniard
+who wished to be allowed to remain on the island.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img23.jpg" width="400" height="569" alt="ROBINSON LEAVING THE ISLAND" title="" />
+<span class="caption">ROBINSON LEAVING THE ISLAND</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Robinson kissed Friday tenderly. He with great effort finally tore
+himself away and ran to the shore where <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span>the ship's boat awaited him. But
+Robinson had not counted on the strength of Friday's love for him.
+Robinson's boat had not yet reached the ship when Friday sprang into the
+water and swam after him shouting, "Master, take me with you, I would
+rather die than stay here without you." Robinson was touched at the
+devotion showed by the faithful Friday, and gave orders to turn the
+boat back, and take him on boar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span>d. The anchor was raised. The ship
+started on her way to the home Robinson had left so long ago.</p>
+
+<p>The wind was favorable and in seven weeks the spires and buildings of
+his native city were in sight. His vessel came slowly up to the wharf
+where he had taken ship so many years ago. Here, too, he had played and
+idled his time away. He remembered it all. His idleness and playing
+truant came back in sad memories. Before Robinson and Friday landed,
+their good friend the captain gave them each a new suit of clothes.</p>
+
+<p>Everything had changed. He scarcely knew the place. He was astonished
+and confused by the din, hurry and bustle of a great city. Friday seemed
+dazed by it all and clung to Robinson's side. The buildings were so
+tall, the street cars, the carriages were different. Everywhere there
+were iron machines, casting out smoke, puffing and running about on iron
+rails. Robinson had never seen these.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson, however, did not stop to admire; he pushed on to a certain
+street and house where lived his parents at the time of his departure.
+It was with difficulty that he found the place. It was now in the heart
+of the city. Upon inquiry he found, after much searching, that his
+father had removed his st<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span>ore and home to another part of the city, his
+mother had died of grief for her disobedient son. Robinson was sorely
+grieved at this. He had hoped to see her and tell her how sorry he was
+that he had caused her so much anxiety and sorrow.</p>
+
+<p>When he had found the place where his father lived he stole quietly up
+to the house and opened the door. His father, now a gray-haired man,
+bent with age and sorrow, was sitting in his arm-chair reading.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson came forward, but his father did not recognize him. "Who are
+you?" he said. "I am Robinson, your long-lost son." He knelt by his
+father's side and asked forgiveness for all the trouble he had caused.
+His father was overcome. He could not speak. He drew Robinson with
+feeble hands to his breast. "My son, I forgive you," he said.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson's boyhood friends heard of his strange return. They had thought
+him dead long ago. They never tired of hearing him tell his strange
+story. They pitied him in his misfortune. But Robinson told them that it
+all happened to him because he was idle and disobedient in his youth.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson at once relieved his father at the store. The business
+thrived. His father died. He soon had a hom<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span>e of his own with a happy
+family. Friday, the dog, and the parrot lived in it, dearly beloved and
+cared for by their master the rest of their days. In the home there is a
+young Robinson who loves to hear his father read from his diary of the
+wonderful things that happened on the island.</p>
+
+<p>Robinson tried many times to find the rightful owner of the gold and
+jewels, but never succeeded. At last he gave them to a school where boys
+with idle habits were taught to lead useful and industrious lives.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's An American Robinson Crusoe, by Samuel. B. Allison
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@@ -0,0 +1,3597 @@
+Project Gutenberg's An American Robinson Crusoe, by Samuel. B. Allison
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: An American Robinson Crusoe
+       for American Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Samuel. B. Allison
+
+Release Date: August 13, 2007 [EBook #22309]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN AMERICAN ROBINSON CRUSOE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar, dpcfmander, Jason Isbell and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+AN AMERICAN
+ROBINSON CRUSOE
+FOR AMERICAN BOYS AND GIRLS
+
+THE ADAPTATION, WITH ADDITIONAL INCIDENTS
+
+BY
+
+SAMUEL B. ALLISON, Ph.D.
+
+ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS, CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY
+BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO
+
+COPYRIGHT, 1918
+
+BY
+
+EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+
+I Robinson with His Parents                                        7
+
+II Robinson as an Apprentice                                      10
+
+III Robinson's Departure                                          13
+
+IV Robinson Far from Home                                         17
+
+V The Shipwreck                                                   19
+
+VI Robinson Saved                                                 21
+
+VII The First Night on Land                                       23
+
+VIII Robinson on an Island                                        28
+
+IX Robinson's Shelter                                             30
+
+X Robinson Makes a Hat                                            34
+
+XI Robinson's Calendar                                            38
+
+XII Robinson Makes a Hunting Bag                                  41
+
+XIII Robinson Explores the Island                                 44
+
+XIV Robinson as a Hunter                                          48
+
+XV Robinson's Shoes and Parasol                                   51
+
+XVI Getting Fire                                                  53
+
+XVII Robinson Makes Some Furniture                                55
+
+XVIII Robinson Becomes a Shepherd                                 57
+
+XIX Robinson Builds a Home for His Goats                          60
+
+XX Robinson Gets Ready for Winter                                 64
+
+XXI How Robinson Lays up a Store of Food                          67
+
+XXII Robinson's Diary                                             70
+
+XXIII Robinson is Sick                                            74
+
+XXIV Robinson's Bower                                             77
+
+XXV Robinson Again Explores His Island                            81
+
+XXVI Robinson and His Birds                                       84
+
+XXVII Robinson Gets Fire                                          89
+
+XXVIII Robinson Makes Baskets                                     93
+
+XXIX Robinson Becomes a Farmer                                    98
+
+XXX Robinson as Potter                                           104
+
+XXXI Robinson as Baker                                           108
+
+XXXII Robinson as Fisherman                                      112
+
+XXXIII Robinson Builds a Boat                                    116
+
+XXXIV Robinson as a Sailor                                       120
+
+XXXV A Discovery                                                 127
+
+XXXVI The Landing of the Savages                                 133
+
+XXXVII Robinson as Teacher                                       139
+
+XXXVIII Another Shipwreck                                        144
+
+XXXIX Saving Things from the Ship                                149
+
+XL The Return of the Savages                                     155
+
+XLI Deliverance at Last                                          162
+
+XLII Robinson at Home                                            167
+
+
+
+
+PREFATORY NOTE
+
+
+"An American Robinson Crusoe" is the outcome of many years of experience
+with the story in the early grades of elementary schools. It was written
+to be used as a content in giving a knowledge of the beginning and
+development of human progress. The aim is not just to furnish an
+interesting narrative, but one that is true to the course of human
+development and the scientific and geographical facts of the island on
+which Robinson is supposed to have lived.
+
+The excuse for departing so widely from the original story is to be
+found in the use which was desired to be made of it. The story here
+presented is simply the free adaptation of the original narrative to the
+demand for a specific kind of content in a form which would be
+interesting to the children.
+
+The teacher is and should be justified in using with entire freedom any
+material accessible for the ends of instruction.
+
+The text as here given has been published with an introduction and
+suggestive treatments as a Teacher's Manual for Primary Grades--"The
+Teacher's Robinson Crusoe." Explicit directions and ample suggestions
+are made for the use of the story as material for instruction in all the
+language arts, drawing, social history, and the manual arts.
+
+Published by the Educational Publishing Company.
+
+
+
+
+    AN AMERICAN
+    ROBINSON CRUSOE
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+ROBINSON WITH HIS PARENTS
+
+
+There once lived in the city of New York, a boy by the name of Robinson
+Crusoe. He had a pleasant home. His father and mother were kind to him
+and sent him to school. They hoped that he would study hard and grow up
+to be a wise and useful man, but he loved rather to run idle about the
+street than to go to school. He was fond of playing along the River
+Hudson, for he there saw the great ships come and go. They were as big
+as houses. He watched them load and unload their cargoes and hundreds of
+people get off and on. His father had told him that the ships came from
+far distant lands, where lived many large animals and black men. His
+father told him too, that in these faraway countries the nuts on the
+trees grew to be as large as one's head and that the tree were as high
+as church steeples.
+
+When Robinson saw the ships put out to sea he would watch them till they
+would disappear below the horizon far out in the ocean, and think, "Oh,
+if I could only go with them far away to see those strange countries!"
+Thus he would linger along the great river and wish he might find an
+opportunity of making a voyage. Often it would be dark before he would
+get home. When he came into the house his mother would meet him and say
+in a gentle voice, "Why, Robinson, how late you are in getting home! You
+have been to the river again."
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON WATCHING THE SHIPS]
+
+Then Robinson would hang his head and feel deeply ashamed, and when his
+father, who was a merchant, came home from the store, his mother would
+tell him that Robinson had again been truant.
+
+This would grieve his father deeply and he would go to the boy's bedside
+and talk earnestly with him. "Why do you do so?" he would say. "How
+often have I told you to go to school every day?" This would for a time
+win Robinson back to school, but by the next week it had been forgotten
+and he would again be loitering along the river in spite of his father's
+remonstrances.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+ROBINSON AS AN APPRENTICE
+
+
+In this way one year after another slipped by. Robinson was not more
+diligent. He was now almost sixteen years old and had not learned
+anything. Then came his birthday. In the afternoon his father called him
+into his room. Robinson opened the door softly. There sat his father
+with a sad face. He looked up and said, "Well, Robinson, all your
+schoolmates have long been busy trying to learn something, so that they
+may be able to earn their own living. Paul will be a baker, Robert a
+butcher, Martin is learning to be a carpenter, Herman a tailor, Otto a
+blacksmith, Fritz is going to high school, because he is going to be a
+teacher. Now, you are still doing nothing. This will not do. From this
+time on I wish you to think of becoming a merchant. In the morning you
+will go with me to the store and begin work. If you are attentive and
+skillful, when the time comes you can take up my business and carry it
+on. But if you remain careless and continue to idle about, no one will
+ever want you and you must starve because you will never be able to earn
+a living."
+
+So the next morning Robinson went to the store and began work. He
+wrapped up sugar and coffee, he weighed out rice and beans. He sold meal
+and salt, and when the dray wagon pulled up at the store, loaded with
+new goods, he sprang out quickly and helped to unload it. He carried in
+sacks of flour and chests of tea, and rolled in barrels of coffee and
+molasses. He also worked some at the desk. He looked into the account
+books and saw in neat writing, "Goods received" and "Goods sold." He
+noticed how his father wrote letters and reckoned up his accounts. He
+even took his pen in hand and put the addresses on the letters and
+packages as well as he could.
+
+But soon he was back in his careless habits. He was no longer attentive
+to business. He wrapped up salt instead of sugar. He put false weights
+on the scales. He gave some too much and others too little. His hands,
+only, were in the business, his mind was far away on the ocean with the
+ships. When he helped unload the wagons, he would often let the chests
+and casks drop, so that they were broken and their contents would run
+out on the ground. For he was always thinking, "Where have these casks
+come from and how beautiful it must be there!" And many times packages
+came back because Robinson had written the name of the place or the
+country wrong. For when he was writing the address, he was always
+thinking, "You will be laid upon a wagon and will then go into the
+ship." One day he had to write a letter to a man far over the sea. He
+could stand it no longer. His father had gone out. He threw down the
+pen, picked up his hat and ran out to the Hudson to see the ships, and
+from that time on he spent more time loitering along the river than he
+did in the store.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+ROBINSON'S DEPARTURE
+
+
+Robinson's father soon noticed that his son was no longer attending to
+his work, and one morning sent for him to come to his office. When
+Robinson came in his father arose from his chair and looked him long and
+earnestly in the face. Then he said, "I am very sorry, Robinson, that
+you seem determined to continue your evil ways. If you do not do better
+you will grow up to be a beggar or worse." Robinson cast his eyes down
+and said, "I do not want to be a merchant, I would rather sail in a ship
+around the world." His father answered, "If you do not know anything you
+cannot be of use on a ship, and no one will want you. In a strange land
+you cannot live without working. If you run away from your parents you
+will come to be sorry for it." Robinson wept, for he saw that his father
+was right, and he promised to obey.
+
+After two or three weeks, Robinson went to his mother and said,
+"Mother, won't you go to father and tell him that if he will only let me
+take one voyage and it proves to be unpleasant, I will come back to the
+store and work hard?" But the mother cried. With tears in her eyes, she
+said: "Robinson, your brothers are both dead. You are the only child
+left to us and if you go away, we shall be entirely alone. How easy it
+would be to be drowned in the sea, or torn to pieces by wild animals
+away there in a foreign country. Both your father and myself are getting
+along in years and who will take care of us when we are sick? Do not
+cause us the grief we must suffer if you go away so far amid so many
+dangers. I cannot bear to have you speak of it again."
+
+Robinson did not speak of it again, but he did not forget it. He was
+nineteen years old. It was one day in August that Robinson stood at the
+wharf looking longingly after the departing ships. As he stood there,
+someone touched him on the shoulder. It was a ship captain's son. He
+pointed to a long ship and said, "My father sails to-day in that ship
+for Africa and takes me with him."
+
+"Oh, if I could only go with you!" cried Robinson.
+
+"Do come along," cried his comrade.
+
+"But I have no money," said Robinson.
+
+"That doesn't make any difference," returned the captain's son. "We will
+take you anyway."
+
+Robinson, without thinking for a moment, gave his friend his hand and
+promised to go with him.
+
+So without saying "Good-bye" to his parents, Robinson went immediately
+on board the ship with his friend. This happened on the 10th of August.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON AND THE CAPTAIN'S SON]
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+ROBINSON FAR FROM HOME
+
+ROBINSON'S VOYAGE
+
+
+Once on board, Robinson watched the preparations for departure. At
+command the sailors clambered up into the rigging and loosened the
+sails. Then the captain from his bridge called out, "Hoist the anchor!"
+Then the great iron hooks that held the ship fast were lifted up, a
+cannon sounded a final farewell. Robinson stood on the deck. He saw the
+great city shimmer in the sunshine before him. Very fast now the land
+was being left behind. It was not long until all that could be seen of
+his native city was the tops of the highest towers. Then all faded from
+sight. Behind, in front, right and left, he saw nothing but waters.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+He became a little afraid. At noon there arose a strong wind and the
+ship rocked to and fro. He became dizzy and had to hold fast to
+something. The masts and rigging began to dance. It seemed to him as if
+all was turning around. Suddenly he fell full length on the deck and it
+was impossible for him to get up. He was seasick. He wailed and cried,
+but no one heard him, no one helped him. Then he thought of his home,
+his parents whom he had so ungratefully left.
+
+He had been on the water about two weeks when one day as he lay in his
+room, Robinson heard people over his head running about and crying, "A
+storm is coming!" The ship's sides trembled and creaked. The ship was
+tossed like a nutshell. Now it rolled to the right, now to the left. And
+Robinson was thrown from one side to the other. Every moment he expected
+the ship to sink. He turned pale and trembled with fear. "Ah, if I were
+only at home with my parents, safe on the land," he said. "If I ever get
+safe out of this, I will go home as quickly as I can and stay with my
+dear parents!" The storm raged the whole day and the whole night. But on
+the next morning the wind went down and the sea was calm. By evening the
+sky was clear and Robinson was again cheerful. He ran about the ship. He
+looked at the glittering stars and was contented and happy.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+THE SHIPWRECK
+
+
+Several weeks went by. Robinson had long ago forgotten his resolutions
+to return home. It was very hot. The glowing sun beat down upon the
+ship. The wide surface of the sea glistened. No breeze stirred. The
+sails hung loose on the top of the mast. But far away on the shore could
+be seen a black bank of clouds.
+
+All at once the ship was thrown violently to one side by a fierce gust
+of wind. Robinson threw himself on the deck. The sea began to rise and
+fall. The waves were as high as mountains. Now the ship was borne aloft
+to the skies, and now it would seem that it must be overwhelmed in the
+sea. When it sank down between the great waves of water, Robinson
+thought it would never again rise. The waves beat violently on the
+ship's side. Robinson went down the steps into his little room, but he
+came back full of anxiety. He believed every minute he would meet death
+in the waves. The night at last came on. The lightning flashed. The
+storm howled. The ship trembled. The water roared. So the night wore on.
+The storm raged for six days. Then on the seventh day it was somewhat
+abated. But the hope was soon dashed. The storm had abated but to get
+new strength. Suddenly it bore down with frightful power on the doomed
+vessel, struck it, and shot it like an arrow through the water. Then
+Robinson felt a fearful crash. The ship groaned as if it would fall into
+a thousand pieces. It had struck a rock and there held fast. At the same
+moment the sailors raised the cry, "The ship has sprung a leak!" The
+water surged into the ship. All called for help. Each one thought only
+of himself. There was only one boat. The others had all been torn away.
+It was soon let down into the sea. All sprang in. For a moment the
+sailors forgot the waves, but all at once a wave, mountains high, struck
+the boat and swallowed it up. Robinson shut his eyes. The water roared
+in his ears. He sank into the sea.
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+ROBINSON SAVED
+
+
+Robinson was borne down far, far into the ocean. He attempted to work
+himself up, so that he could see light and breathe the air. But again
+and again the waves carried him down. Finally a wave threw him up and he
+saw, for a moment, the light of day and got a breath of air, but the
+next instant he was deep under the water. Then another wave bore him on
+its crest. He breathed a deep breath and at the same time saw land not
+far away. He bent all his strength toward reaching the land. He got
+almost to it, when a wave caught him and hurled him on a jutting rock.
+With all his strength he seized the rock with both hands and held on.
+
+Presently he worked himself up a little and at last got a foothold. But,
+scarcely had he done so, when his strength left him and he fell on the
+ground as one dead. But he soon revived. He opened his eyes and looked
+around. He saw above him the blue sky, and under him the solid brown
+earth, and before him the gray angry sea. He felt to see if he still
+breathed. The storm had destroyed the ship. The waves had overwhelmed
+the boat. The water wished to draw him into the deep. The rocks seemed
+to want to hurl him back, but storm and wave and rock had accomplished
+nothing. There was One who was stronger than they.
+
+Then Robinson sank on his knees and folded his hands. Tears came to his
+eyes. He breathed hard. At last he said, "Dear Father in Heaven, I live.
+Thou hast saved me. I thank Thee."
+
+
+
+
+VII
+
+THE FIRST NIGHT ON LAND
+
+
+"Where are my companions?" That was his first thought. He began to call
+and halloo: "Where are you? Come here!" But no one answered. Then he
+wished to see if anyone lived on the land, and he cried, "Is there no
+one here? Hello!" but all remained still.
+
+All at once he drew himself together and shrank back. He heard a bush
+rustle and the thought came like a flash, "That is a wild animal that
+will pounce upon me and tear my flesh with his teeth and claws. How
+shall I save myself? Where shall I fly for safety? Where shall I turn? I
+have nothing but my clothes and my life saved from the water. All that I
+had the waves have swallowed up."
+
+And then hunger and thirst began to trouble him. He had eaten nothing
+the whole day and the salt water had made him sick.
+
+In the meantime the night had come on. Robinson was very tired.
+Everything was new and strange. He did not know which way to move. He
+was in the greatest terror.
+
+He expected to hear the roar of wild beasts from every secluded spot.
+Lions and tigers and dreadful serpents filled his thoughts. He must find
+shelter from them. But where should he pass the night? Not a house, a
+hut or a cave was to be seen. He stood a long time hesitating and did
+not know what to do. Finally he thought, "I will do as the birds do and
+get into a tree." He very soon found a tree which had such thick
+branches that it would hold him up.
+
+Robinson climbed up into the tree, made himself as comfortable as
+possible, said his prayers, and as he was thoroughly exhausted, he soon
+fell asleep. When he awoke the sun was high in the sky. At first he
+could not remember where he was. Then the truth burst upon him. He tried
+to move. He was stiff and sore. His flesh was bruised from being thrown
+against the rocks and beaten by the waves.
+
+He was dreadfully thirsty. His mouth and throat were dry and parched
+from the salt water. His tongue was thick and swollen. He said, "I must
+find some water to drink or I shall die!"
+
+It was hard work to get down from the tree. His limbs and back ached
+from sitting in the tree all night. At last he slipped down and fell on
+the ground. He clasped his hands in prayer and thanked God for keeping
+him through the night.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Then he got up and tried to walk. He was so weak he could not stand.
+
+He threw himself down on the ground and began to sob and cry, "O Lord,
+do not let me die! Do not let me die!" As he lay there he heard a queer
+sound. He listened. It sounded like water running over rocks. He tried
+to get to the place from which the sound came. He tried to walk. When he
+fell he crawled on his hands and knees. At last the sound was close by.
+He dragged himself up on the rocks. Yes, there was a spring of clear,
+cool, sparkling water bubbling up and trickling over the stones.
+Robinson was so thirsty he put his face into the water and drank and
+drank.
+
+Then he sat down, and after a while he drank again and again.
+
+After Robinson had satisfied his thirst and rested awhile, he felt much
+better. He said, "I must try to walk and see whether I can find
+something to eat." He found many kinds of fruits and berries all around
+him, but he was afraid to eat them, as they were strange to him and he
+feared they might be poisonous.
+
+As he was walking along, all at once he spied a tall plant in the
+distance which had a familiar look. It looked like corn. He said to
+himself, "I wonder if it can be corn." At last he came near enough to
+recognize it. Yes, it was corn. It did not look exactly like the corn
+that he saw at home, but still he knew it would be safe to eat it. He
+broke off an ear and eagerly ate the kernels raw. Oh, how good it was!
+Robinson could not remember anything that tasted half so good.
+
+He ate as much as he wanted and then filled his pockets with ears of
+corn for his supper. Then he went back to the spring to get another
+drink.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+VIII
+
+ROBINSON ON AN ISLAND
+
+
+After his hunger and thirst were satisfied, Robinson thought he would
+try to find another dwelling place. "My legs are stiff and sore from
+sitting so uncomfortably last night, and there is so much danger of
+falling," he said. "I will climb yonder hill and look around and see on
+which side the houses are. I will find me a stick to help me on my way."
+
+He broke a stick from a dry bush and climbed up the steep sides of the
+hill. After a half hour's climb he was on top. What a sight met his
+eyes! There were no houses, no huts to be seen, no smoke arose from the
+forest, no field could be seen. Nothing but trees and bush, sand and
+rock.
+
+"I am then upon an island alone, without food, without shelter, without
+weapons! What will become of me?" he cried. "I am a prisoner. The island
+is my prison, the waves are the guards which will not allow me to get
+away. Will no ship ever come to set me free?"
+
+He stretched his gaze out to the sea till his eyes ached, but he saw no
+ship.
+
+Robinson came down and seated himself on a stone and considered what he
+should do. It was not yet noon, yet he feared greatly the next night. "I
+must find me a better bed," was his first clear thought.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+IX
+
+ROBINSON'S SHELTER
+
+
+Robinson saw at a little distance what seemed to be a cleft or an
+opening in a huge rock. "If I could only get inside and find room to
+stay over night. The rock would protect me from rain, from the wind and
+wild animals better than a tree."
+
+He long sought in vain for a place wide enough to allow him to get into
+the opening in the rock. He was about to give up, when he seized hold of
+a branch of a thorn tree growing on the side of the rock. He looked
+closer and saw that it grew out of the cleft in the rock. He saw, too,
+that at this point the opening was wider and that he had only to remove
+the tree in order to get in. "The hole shall be my dwelling," he said.
+"I must get the thorn tree out so that I can have room."
+
+That was easily said. He had neither axe nor saw, nor knife nor spade.
+How could he do it? He had nothing but his hands. He tried to pull it
+out by the roots, but in vain. He wasn't strong enough.
+
+"I must dig it out," said Robinson.
+
+He scratched with his nails, but the earth was too hard. What should he
+do? He sought a stick with a fork in it and dug in the earth, but it was
+slow work. Then he found a clam-shell. He did better with it, but it was
+hard work, and Robinson was not used to hard work. The sweat ran down
+his face and he had often to stop and rest in the shade. The sun burned
+so hot and the rock so reflected the heat that he was all but overcome.
+But he worked on. When evening came, he would sleep in the tree and next
+morning he would go at it again. On the third day the roots were all
+laid bare.
+
+But the roots were fast in the clefts of the rock and he could not
+loosen it, try ever so hard. What would he not have given for an axe, or
+at least a knife. And yet he had never thought of their value when at
+home. He attempted to cut one root through with his clam-shell, but the
+shell crumbled and would not cut the hard wood.
+
+He stood for a long time thinking, not knowing what next to do. He made
+up his mind that he must have something harder than the shell to cut
+with. Then he tried a stone with a sharp edge, but soon found he needed
+another one, however. He found one. Then he set the sharp one on the
+wood and struck it with the heavy one. In this way he slowly cut the
+roots in two.
+
+On the fifth day there was yet left one big root, bigger than any of the
+others. Robinson got up early in the morning. He worked the whole day.
+Finally it gave a crack and it, too, was broken.
+
+Robinson had only now to remove the loose earth inside the cleft. He
+found the opening could be made large and roomy. It was choked up with
+dirt. He dug out enough to allow him room enough to make a place to lie
+down. "In the future," he thought, "I will take out all the dirt and
+then I shall be comfortable."
+
+It was then dark and the moon shone bright in the heavens. Robinson
+gathered a heap of dry grass and made himself a safe bed. But as he lay
+there he saw the moonbeams shining into his cave. He sprang up. "How
+easy," he thought, "for wild animals to creep in here upon me."
+
+He crawled out and looked around. Not far from the cave he saw a large
+flat stone. With great trouble he rolled it to the opening of his cave,
+but before this the morning began to dawn. He went inside the shelter,
+seized the stone with both hands and rolled it into the opening till it
+almost closed it. "I have now a closed home. I can again stretch my
+legs. Wind and rain cannot get at me, nor wild animals."
+
+
+
+
+X
+
+ROBINSON MAKES A HAT
+
+
+Refreshed and with renewed strength, Robinson awoke late the next
+morning, but he had a bad headache. The day before the hot tropic sun
+had beat down on his bare head, as he worked at his cave. He was so busy
+that he forgot to go into the shade from time to time in order to shield
+himself from the scorching sunshine. He felt a new need.
+
+"I must make me a hat," said Robinson to himself. "But how?" He had no
+straw, no thread and no needle. He looked around for a long time, but
+found nothing. The sun mounted even higher in the heavens, and shone
+hotter and hotter. He went to seek shelter at last in the deep shade of
+a nearby tall plant.
+
+As he stood there he examined the plant more carefully. "Out of these
+leaves," he said, "I might make a hat." He climbed up the short stem of
+the plant and saw that it had not only leaves as long as himself, but
+between the leaves were big bunches of long, thin fruit, as thick as
+three fingers and similar in shape to a cucumber.
+
+He plucked the leaves and fruit and was about to eat some of the fruit
+when he heard near him a light stir as of some animal. He rolled the
+leaves and fruit together and hastened back to the cave.
+
+[Illustration: THE BANANA TREE]
+
+The bananas, for that is what the fruit proved to be, were sweet and
+refreshing. After he had eaten enough he set immediately about making
+his hat. He broke off a couple of reeds. He bent one into a hoop. But
+the hoop would not hold without thread. Sometimes it was too large and
+sometimes too small. But it must fit his head. He pulled up grass and
+bound its ends together, but the grass stalks were not strong enough. He
+hunted until he found a tree whose inner bark was soft and came out in
+long fibres. He bound his reed with this. This, too, made the hoop soft
+so that it did not hurt his head.
+
+When the hoop was ready and fitted to his head he found the banana
+leaves could not be used. Their veins ran straight out from the midrib.
+This made them easily torn, and besides, they were too large. They were
+not the best shape. He saw that leaves about a foot long with broad and
+tapering points would be best. He saw too, that if the leaves had their
+veins running parallel with the midrib they would be stronger. He made
+search and at length found leaves that seemed made for his purpose. They
+were thick and leathery and tapered from base to apex like a triangle.
+
+He now proceeded with his hat-making. He would take a leaf and lay it on
+the ground with the base toward him. Then he laid the hoop on the base
+of the leaf, wrapped it around the hoop and fastened it with thorns. He
+did the same with the other leaves. The thorns were his pins. At last
+he pinned the tips of the leaves together at the top and the hat was
+ready. It looked just like a big cone, but it kept out the heat of the
+sun.
+
+Robinson now had corn and bananas and when he was thirsty he drank a
+handful of water from the spring. He had been now nine days on the
+island. Every day he looked out on the sea until his eyes ached to see
+if he might discover a ship.
+
+He could not understand why no ship came his way. "Who knows how long I
+must wait here?" said he sorrowfully. Then the thought came to him: "You
+will not be able to keep track of the days unless you write it down."
+
+
+
+
+XI
+
+ROBINSON'S CALENDAR
+
+
+The matter of keeping track of time puzzled Robinson very much. It was
+getting more difficult every day to keep it in his memory. He must write
+down the days as they slip by, but where and how? He had neither pen,
+ink, nor paper. Should he mark every day with a colored stone on the
+smooth side of the huge rock wall within whose clefts he had dug out his
+cave? But the rain would wash off the record and then he would lose all
+his bearings. Then he thought of the beach, but there the wind and waves
+would soon also erase it.
+
+He thought a long time. "I must find something," he said to himself on
+which to keep a record. "I must also know when Sunday is. I must rest
+one day in the week. Yes, I must find something," he said, "on which to
+write." And finally he found it. He chose two trees standing near each
+other and then sought for a small sharp stone, which he could make
+still sharper by striking it on another. When he had got this pen ready
+he cut into the bark of one tree:
+
+    _Shipwreck, Sunday, 10th of September, 1875._
+
+He made seven cuts in a row for the seven days in the week. The first
+cut was longer than the others. This was to represent the Sunday. At
+sundown every day he made a new cut in the bark.
+
+The other tree he called the month tree. On its stem he was to cut a
+mark every time his week tree told him a month had passed. But he must
+be careful, for the months were not of equal length. But he remembered
+that his teacher had once said in school that the months could be
+counted on the knuckles and hollows of the hand, in such a way that the
+long and short months could be found easily and he could tell in this
+way the number of days in each.
+
+Robinson worked at enlarging his shelter a little every day. He was
+sorely at loss to find something in which to carry the dirt away from
+the entrance, or enough so that it would not choke up the opening. A
+large clam shell was all he could think of at present. He would carry
+the dirt to the entrance and some distance away, and then throw it.
+Fortunately the ground sloped away rapidly, so that he needed a kind of
+platform before his door.
+
+He was careful to open the cleft at some distance above the large
+opening. For the air was damp and impure in the shelter. But with the
+opening made high above, fresh air was constantly passing into, and
+impure air out of, his cave. Light, too, was admitted in this way.
+
+
+
+
+XII
+
+ROBINSON MAKES A HUNTING BAG
+
+
+Several days passed with Robinson's hat-making and his calendar-making
+and his watching the sea. Every day his corn and bananas became more
+distasteful to him. And he planned a longer journey about the island to
+see if something new to eat could be found.
+
+But he considered that if he went a distance from his cave and found
+something it would really be of little use to him. "I could eat my
+fill," he said, "but that is all. And by the time I get back to my cave
+I will again be hungry. I must find something in which I can gather and
+carry food." He found nothing.
+
+"The people in New York," he said, "have baskets, or pockets, or bags
+made of coarse cloth. Of them all, I could most easily make the net,
+perhaps, of vines. But the little things would fall out of the net. I
+will see whether I can make a net of small meshes."
+
+But he soon saw that the vines did not give a smooth surface. He
+thought for a long while. In his garden at home his father had sometimes
+bound up the young trees with the soft inner bark of others. He wondered
+if he could use this. He stripped away the outer bark from the tree,
+which before had yielded him a fibre for his hat, and pulled off the
+long, smooth pieces of the inner bark. He twisted them together. Then he
+thought how he could weave the strands together. He looked at his shirt.
+A piece was torn off and unravelled. He could see the threads go up and
+down. He saw that some threads go from left to right (woof), others
+lengthwise (the warp).
+
+From his study of the woven cloth, Robinson saw he must have a firmer
+thread than the strips of bark gave alone. He separated his bark into
+long, thin strips. These he twisted into strands of yarn by rolling
+between his hands, or on a smooth surface. As he twisted it he wound it
+on a stick. It was slow, hard work. Of all his work, the making of yarn
+of thread gave him the most trouble. He learned to twist it by knotting
+the thread around the spindle or bobbin on which he wound it and
+twirling this in the air. He remembered sadly the old spinning wheel he
+had seen at his grandmother's house.
+
+His next care was something to hold the threads while he wove them in
+and out. He had never seen a loom.
+
+After long study Robinson set two posts in the ground and these he bound
+with seventy-two strands horizontally under each other. Then he tied in
+the top at the left another thread and wove it in and out through the
+seventy-two threads. So he tied seventy-two vertical strands and wove
+them in and out. Thus he had a net three times as long as his foot and
+as wide as long. He tied the four corners together. He made a woven
+handle for it and put it on his shoulder like a sack, saying gleefully,
+"This shall be my hunting bag."
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON'S LOOM]
+
+
+
+
+XIII
+
+ROBINSON EXPLORES THE ISLAND
+
+
+After Robinson made his hunting bag he was anxious to set off on his
+journey of exploring the island. So he arose very early next morning.
+"Before it is hot," thought he, "I will be quite a distance on my
+journey." He ate a couple of bananas, scooped up a few handfuls of water
+from the spring, stuck a few ears of corn in his hunting bag, took his
+stick in his hand and went forth. As he left his cave the thought struck
+him: "What if I could not find my cave again? How can I manage so that I
+can come back to it? I will go away in one direction and return the same
+way; but suppose I were to lose the way?"
+
+Then he noticed his shadow pointing like a great finger from the sea
+toward the land. He could direct himself by that. He kept his shadow in
+front of him. He had noticed, too, that the wind always blew north of
+the point where the sun rose. This helped him. But sometimes the wind
+died down.
+
+[Illustration: COCOANUT PALM TREE]
+
+He had to climb over many rocks and pierce many thickets. At each step
+he saw a rich growth of plants, stems, leaves, flowers, but nothing to
+eat, no fruits, or nuts. At length he came to a tree as high as a small
+church steeple. Then he thought of what his father had once said about
+the trees in strange countries. "Many are as tall as a church steeple
+and the nuts are as big as one's head." He looked again. Yes, there
+they hung among the leaves, concealed high above in the crown! But so
+high, it was well that Robinson had learned to climb while on board the
+ship. He quickly laid down his hunting bag and clambered up the smooth
+stem of the high tree, a palm. He picked off a nut and threw it down and
+then several more, and climbed down again.
+
+But the nuts were very hard. How should he open them? He had brought
+along his sharp stone with which he had stripped off the inner bark.
+With this he forced off the thick outer shell. But now came the hard nut
+within, and how hard it was! Striking it was of no use.
+
+Then he threw a great stone on the nut. The shell was crushed and a
+snow-white kernel lay before him. It tasted like almond. With
+astonishment Robinson saw in the middle of the nut a large empty space
+which must have been filled with fluid as the inside was wet. He wished
+that he had the juice to drink, for he was very thirsty. With this in
+view, he examined another and riper nut, and the outside came off more
+easily. But how could he break it and at the same time save the juice?
+He studied the hull of the cocoanut on all sides. At the ends were three
+little hollows. He attempted first to bore in with his fingers, but he
+could not. "Hold!" he cried. "Maybe I can cut them there with the point
+of my stone knife." This was done without trouble and out of the hole
+flowed the sweet, white juice.
+
+Robinson put a couple of nuts in his hunting bag, and also the shells
+from the broken nuts. "Now," he thought, "I shall no longer have to
+drink from my hand." With this thought he went on his way.
+
+As Robinson came to a rock in his path, out jumped what Robinson took to
+be a rabbit. He ran after him to catch him, but the rabbit was much the
+swifter. So Robinson hastened home, but before he reached it the stars
+were shining with their lustrous light. Tired Robinson stretched his
+limbs on his bed of grass and leaves and slept soundly.
+
+
+
+
+XIV
+
+ROBINSON AS A HUNTER
+
+
+All the time Robinson was confined to the cave he kept thinking about
+the rabbit he had seen and how he might catch one. Finally, he
+determined to make a spear. He broke down a thin, young sapling,
+stripped off its branches and in one end fastened a sharp stone. He then
+went to bed, for he wanted to be up early for his first hunting trip on
+the morrow.
+
+With his hunting sack and spear, Robinson began to creep very, very
+cautiously through the underbrush. But he did not go far before he saw a
+lot of rabbits feeding peacefully on the soft leaves and grass. He drew
+back and threw his spear with all his might. But the spear did not reach
+the rabbits. It fell far short and the rabbits sprang up and ran quickly
+away. He tried it several times with the same result. Then Robinson,
+discouraged, turned back home and ate his corn, bananas, and cocoanuts
+without meat. In the meantime he found a new kind of food. He
+discovered a nest of eggs. How good they tasted to him!
+
+But his longing for meat was still very great. "I will try to make a bow
+and arrow," he said. No sooner said than done. He bent a long piece of
+tough, young wood and stretched between the ends a cord twisted out of
+the fiber taken from the cocoanut shell. He then sought for a piece of
+wood for arrows. He split the ends with his flint knife and fastened in
+splinters of stone. At the other end he fastened on some feathers found
+on the ground. The arrows flew through the air with great swiftness.
+"They will go far enough," thought Robinson, "if I could only hit
+anything."
+
+He practised shooting. He stuck his stone knife in a tree and shot at it
+the whole day long. At first he could not hit it at all. The arrows flew
+far from the mark. After a while he could hit the tree, but not the
+knife. Then as he practised, his arm grew ever surer, until at last he
+could hit the knife at almost every attempt. After a few days he again
+went rabbit hunting. He thought that the rabbit did not offer a mark so
+high as his knife, so he stuck a stone in the ground and practised
+shooting at that. He gradually increased the distance until he could hit
+the mark at twenty or thirty yards.
+
+The next morning Robinson took his bow and arrows and went out to hunt.
+He aimed at a rabbit, shot, and it fell, pierced by the arrow. His very
+first shot was successful.
+
+He hastened up and took the dead rabbit on his shoulder, carried it to
+his cave and skinned it. Then he cut off a nice, large piece of meat and
+was going to roast it, but alas, he had no fire!
+
+
+
+
+XV
+
+ROBINSON'S SHOES AND PARASOL
+
+
+The next morning Robinson could not get up. His feet were swollen and
+sore in consequence of walking without shoes over thorns and stones. He
+must remain the whole day in his cave.
+
+Before him, in the sun, his walking stick stuck in the ground. He
+thought how he had been troubled yesterday to find his way and about the
+shadow. He had now time to study it. He watched it the whole day
+through. In the morning it pointed toward the land. In the evening
+toward the sea. This comes from the daily movement of the sun. He
+determined to study the matter more carefully.
+
+Robinson got up and with great effort walked to the spring. There he
+cooled his burning feet, and gathered some large leaves, which he bound
+on them. He decided to remain in his cave a few days, for he had enough
+food stored up to last him some length of time. He planned how he might
+make himself a pair of shoes. As soon as his feet were well, he sought
+out some thick bark and put fastenings of tough, strong fiber on it.
+These served very well to protect his feet.
+
+But he must have some further protection from the sun. It beamed so hot
+that his hat was not enough. He made a parasol out of leaves like his
+hat. He took a straight stick for a handle. He tied some reeds together
+and bent them into a hoop. He then fastened the upper end of the stick
+in the center of the hoop by means of six reeds which formed the ribs of
+the parasol. To keep out the sun he covered this framework with large,
+broad leaves. With a cord he tied the stem ends of the leaves to the
+stick just above where the reeds were tied.
+
+Spread out, these broad leaves completely covered the ribs. Their tips
+reached over the hoop. They were fastened together by means of small,
+needle-like fish-bones Robinson had found on the beach.
+
+
+
+
+XVI
+
+GETTING FIRE
+
+
+Now Robinson had heard that savages take two dry pieces of wood and rub
+them so long on each other that they at length begin to burn.
+
+He tried it. The sweat ran down his cheeks, but every time the wood was
+about to catch fire his strength would give out, and he was obliged to
+rest, and when he began again the wood was cold.
+
+"How will it be in winter," he cried, "when it is cold, and I have no
+fire?" He must try other ways of preparing meat for his table. He must
+think of some other way of getting fire. He remembered that once, when a
+boy at home, he had in playing with a stick made it hot by twirling it
+on end on a piece of wood. "I will try this," he thought. He searched
+for a good hard stick and a piece of wood upon which to turn or twirl it
+with his hands. Having found the best materials at hand, he began to
+twirl the stick. He made a little hollow in the block of wood in which
+to turn his upright stick. There was heat but no fire. He twirled and
+twirled, but he could not get the wood hot enough to blaze up or ignite.
+He had not skill. Besides his hands were not used to such rough
+treatment. Soon they blistered and this method had to be given up.
+
+"I must have fire," he still thought, and recalled the sparks that flew
+from the stone pavements of the streets when the iron shoes of the
+horses struck them as they slipped and strained at their cruel loads.
+Why may I not get fire by striking together two stones? He sought out
+two hard stones and with great diligence kept striking them together
+until his strength gave out, and he was obliged again to acknowledge
+failure.
+
+He remembered that sometimes travelers put the meat underneath the
+saddle and ride on it until it is soft. He tried it with pounding. He
+laid some of the meat on a flat stone and pounded it. It became quite
+soft and tasted very well. He then tried hanging it in the sun and
+finally wrapped it in leaves and buried it for a few hours in the hot
+sand.
+
+
+
+
+XVII
+
+ROBINSON MAKES SOME FURNITURE
+
+
+One thing troubled Robinson very much. He could not sit comfortably
+while eating. He had neither chair nor table. He wished to make them,
+but that was a big job. He had no saw, no hammer, no auger and no nails.
+Robinson could not, therefore, make a table of wood.
+
+Not far from his cave he had seen a smooth, flat stone. "Ay," thought
+he, "perhaps I can make me a table out of stone." He picked out the best
+stone and built up four columns as high as a table and on these he laid
+his large, flat stone. It looked like a table, sure enough, but there
+were rough places and hollows in it. He wanted it smooth. He took clay
+and filled up the holes and smoothed it off. When the clay dried, the
+surface was smooth and hard. Robinson covered it with leaves and decked
+it with flowers till it was quite beautiful.
+
+When the table was done, Robinson began on a chair. He made it also of
+stone. It had no back. It looked like a bench. It was uncomfortable to
+sit on. Robinson covered it with moss. Then it was an easy seat.
+
+Table and chair were now ready. Robinson could not move them from one
+corner to another, nor when he sat on the chair could he put his feet
+under the table, and yet he thought them excellent pieces of furniture.
+
+Every day Robinson went hunting and shot a rabbit, but the meat would
+not keep. At home they would have put it in the cellar. If only he had a
+cellar! He saw near his cave a hole in the rock. He dug it out a little
+with his mussel shell and found that it led back under a rock.
+
+From much bending over in digging, Robinson's back, unused to severe
+toil, ached wretchedly. He decided to make a spade. With his flint he
+bored four holes in a great, round mussel shell. They formed a rectangle
+as long as a little finger and as wide. Through these holes he drew
+cocoanut fibre and bound the shell to a handle fast and strong.
+
+With his spade he dug a hole so deep that he could stand in it upright.
+Then he put in a couple of shelves made of flat stones. In this cellar
+he put his rabbit meat and his eggs. Then he laid branches over it and
+finally covered the whole with leaves.
+
+
+
+
+XVIII
+
+ROBINSON BECOMES A SHEPHERD
+
+
+With his bow and arrow, Robinson went hunting every day. The rabbits
+soon learned to know him and let themselves be seldom seen. As soon as
+they saw him, they took alarm. They became timid and shy. One day
+Robinson went out as usual to shoot rabbits. He found none. But as he
+came to a great rock he heard from behind a new sound, one he had not
+heard before in the island. Ba-a-a, it sounded.
+
+"A kid," thought Robinson, "like that with which I have so often played
+at home."
+
+He slipped noiselessly around the rock and behold, really there stood a
+kid. He tried to call it, but the kid sought safety in flight. He
+hastened after it. Then he noticed that it was lame in one fore foot. It
+ran into some brush, where Robinson seized it by the horns and held it
+fast.
+
+How Robinson rejoiced! He stroked it and fondled it. Then he thought,
+how could it come into this wilderness on this lonesome island? "Has
+your ship been cast upon the rocks too, and been broken to pieces? You
+dear thing, you shall be my comrade." He seized the goat by the legs,
+and no matter how it kicked, carried it to his cave.
+
+Then he fetched quickly a cocoanut shell full of water and washed and
+bathed the goat's wounded leg. A stone had rolled down from the hill and
+had inflicted a severe wound on its left fore leg, or perhaps it had
+stepped into a crack in the rocks. Robinson tore off a piece of linen
+from his shirt, dipped it in water and bound it with shreds of the
+cocoanut upon the wound. Then he pulled some grass and moss and made a
+soft bed near the door of the cave. After he had given it water, it
+looked at him with thankful eyes and licked his hand.
+
+Robinson could not sleep that night. He thought continually of his goat
+and got up time and again to see if it was safe. The moon shone clear in
+the heavens. As Robinson sat before the goat's bed he looked down on his
+new possession as lovingly as a mother on her child.
+
+The next morning Robinson's first thought was, "I am no longer alone. I
+have a companion, my goat." He sprang up and looked for it. There she
+lay on her side, still sleeping.
+
+As he stood and considered, the thought came to him that perhaps the
+goat had escaped from its keeper. There must then be some one living on
+the land. He quickly put on his shoes and his hat, took his parasol, and
+ran to the rock where he had found the goat.
+
+He called, he sought, he peered about to see if some shepherd were there
+somewhere. He found nothing. He found no trace of man. There was no
+road, no bridge, no field, no logs, not even a chip or shaving to show
+that the hand of man had been there.
+
+But what was that? In the distance ran a herd of goats over the rocks.
+But no dog followed them and no shepherd. They ran wild on the island.
+They had perhaps been left there by some ship. As he came home he
+noticed the goat sorrowfully. The bandage had become dry. The goat might
+be suffering pain. Robinson loosened the bandage, washed the wound again
+and bound it up anew. It was so trustful. It ran after him and he
+decided always to protect it.
+
+"I will always be your shepherd and take care of you," he said.
+
+
+
+
+XIX
+
+ROBINSON BUILDS A HOME FOR HIS GOAT
+
+
+But the goat was a new care. Wild animals could come and kill and carry
+Robinson's goat away while he slept, and if the goat got frightened
+while he was hunting it would run away.
+
+"I will have to make me a little yard in front of my cave," he said,
+"for my goat to live in." But from whence must come the tools? He had
+neither hatchet nor saw. Where then were the stakes to come from? He
+went in search of something. After hunting for a long time he came upon
+a kind of thistle about two feet higher than himself, having at its top
+a red torch-like blossom. There were a great many of them.
+
+"Good!" thought Robinson. "If I could only dig up enough of them and
+plant them thick around the door of my cave, I would have just the
+thing. No one could get at me, nor at the goat, either. The thorns would
+keep anything from creeping through, peeping in or getting over."
+
+So he took his mussel-shell spade and went to work. It was pretty hard,
+but at length he succeeded in laying bare the roots of quite a number.
+But he could not drag them to his cave on account of the thorns sticking
+in him. He thought a long time. Finally, he sought out two strong poles
+or branches which were turned up a little at one end and like a sled
+runner. To these he tied twelve cross-pieces with bark. To the foremost
+he tied a strong rope made from cocoa fiber. He then had something that
+looked much like a sled on which to draw his thistle-like brush to his
+cave. But for one day he had done enough. The transplanting of the
+thistles was hard work. His spade broke and he had to make a new one. In
+the afternoon he broke his spade again. And as he made his third one, he
+made up his mind that it was no use trying to dig with such a weak tool
+in the hard ground. It would only break again.
+
+"If I only had a pick." But he had none. He found a thick, hard, sharp
+stone. With it he picked up the hard earth, but had to bend almost
+double in using it. "At home," he thought, "they have handles to picks."
+The handle was put through a hole in the iron. He turned the matter
+over and over in his mind, how he might put a hole through the stone.
+But he found no means. He searched out a branch with a crotch at one
+end. He tied the stone to this with strong cocoa fiber and bark. How his
+eye glistened as he looked at the new tool! Now he began to work. He
+first loosened up the earth with his pick, then he dug it out with his
+spade and planted in a high thistle. Many days he had to work, but
+finally one evening the hedge was ready. He had a row in a semi-circle
+in front of his cave. He counted the marks on his calendar tree. The day
+on which he had begun to make his hedge he had especially marked out.
+He had worked fourteen days.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON'S TOOLS]
+
+He had completed his hedge with the exception of a small hole that must
+serve for a door. But the door must not be seen from without.
+
+As Robinson thought, it came to him that there was still place for two
+thistles on the outside. He could easily get in, but the entrance was
+difficult to find from the outside.
+
+Robinson looked on his hedge from without. It was not yet thick enough.
+For this reason he planted small thistles between the larger ones. With
+the digging them out and transplanting them he was a whole week longer.
+
+Finally, the hedge and the yard were ready. Now Robinson could rest
+without fear and sleep in his cave, and could have his goat near him all
+the time. It delighted him greatly. It ran after him continually like a
+dog. When he came back from an absence, it bleated for joy and ran to
+meet him as soon as he got inside the hedge. Robinson felt that he was
+not entirely alone. He had now a living being near him.
+
+
+
+
+XX
+
+ROBINSON GETS READY FOR WINTER
+
+
+There was one thing that troubled Robinson greatly. "What will become of
+me when the winter comes? I will have no fire to warm me. I have no
+clothing to protect me from the cold, and where shall I find food when
+snow and ice cover all the ground and when the trees are bare and the
+spring is frozen? It will be cold then in my cave; what shall I do? It
+is cold and rainy already. I believe this is harvest time and winter
+will soon be here. Winter and no stove, no winter clothing, no winter
+store of food and no winter dwelling. What shall I do?"
+
+He considered again the project of making fire. He again sought out two
+pieces of wood and sat down and rubbed them together. The sweat rolled
+down his face. When the wood began to get warm, his hand would become
+tired, and he would have to stop. When he began again the wood was cold.
+He worked for an hour or two, then he laid the wood aside and said, "I
+don't believe I can do it. I must do the next best thing. I can at least
+get warm clothing to protect me from the rain and snow." He looked down
+at his worn, thin clothing, his trousers, his shirt, his jacket; they
+had become so thin and worn that they were threadbare.
+
+"I will take the skins of the hares which I have shot and will make me
+something," he thought. He washed and cleaned them, but he needed a
+knife and he set about making one. He split one end of a tough piece of
+wood, thrust his stone blade in it and wound it with cocoa fibre. His
+stone knife now had a handle. He could now cut the skins quite well. But
+what should he do for needle and thread? Maybe the vines would do. "But
+they are hardly strong enough," he thought. He pulled the sinews from
+the bones of the rabbit and found them hard. Maybe he could use them. He
+found fish skeletons on the seashore and bored a hole in the end of the
+small, sharp rib bones. Then he threaded his bone needle with the rabbit
+sinews and attempted to sew, but it would not go. His needle broke. The
+skin was too hard. He bored holes in the edge of the pieces of skin and
+sewed through the holes. This went very well.
+
+He sewed the skins together with the hair side inward, made himself a
+jacket, a pair of trousers, a hat, and finally covered his parasol with
+rabbit skin, for the rain had already dripped through the leaves of it.
+All went well, only the trousers did not fit. He loosened them and
+puckered them to no purpose. "Anyway," he thought, "I am now well
+protected from the cold, when it does come."
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON IN HIS NEW SUIT]
+
+
+
+
+XXI
+
+HOW ROBINSON LAYS UP A STORE OF FOOD
+
+
+Now for the food. Could Robinson preserve the meat? He had often heard
+his mother tell about preserving meat in salt. He had even eaten salt
+meat, pickled meat. But where could he get salt?
+
+One day when the wind blew hard the water was driven upon the shore and
+filled a little hollow. After a few days the ground glistened white as
+snow where the water had been. Was it snow? Robinson took it in his
+hands and put it in his mouth. It was salt. The sun had evaporated the
+water in the hollow--had vaporized it--and the air had drunk it up. What
+was left behind? Salt. Now he could get salt as long as he needed it.
+
+He took cocoanut shells and strewed salt in them. Then he cut the rabbit
+meat in thin strips, rubbed them with salt, and laid them one on the
+other in the salt in the shells. He covered it over with a layer of
+salt. He put over each shell the half of a larger one and weighted it
+down with stones. After a period of fourteen days he found the meat
+quite red. It had pickled.
+
+But he did not stop here. He gathered and stored in his cellar cocoanuts
+and corn in such quantities that he would be supplied for a whole
+winter. It seemed best to catch a number of rabbits, build a house for
+them and keep them. Then he could kill one occasionally and have fresh
+meat. Then it came to him that goats would be much better, for they
+would give milk. He determined immediately to have a herd of goats. He
+made a string or lasso out of cocoa fibre.
+
+Then he went out, slipped up quietly to a herd of goats and threw the
+lasso over one. But the lasso slipped from the horns and the goat ran
+away. The next day he had better luck. He threw the lasso, drew it tight
+and the goat was captured. He brought it home. He rejoiced when he saw
+that it gave milk. He was happy when he got his first cocoanut shell
+full of sweet rich milk. His goat herd grew. He soon had five goats. He
+had no more room in his yard. He could not provide food enough. He must
+let them out. He must make another hedge around his yard so that the
+goats could get food and yet be kept from going away. He got stakes
+from the woods and gathered them before his cave. He sharpened them and
+began to drive them in the earth. But it rained more and more each day.
+He was wet through as he worked. He had finally to stop work, for the
+rain was too heavy.
+
+
+
+
+XXII
+
+ROBINSON'S DIARY
+
+
+Robinson was much disturbed because he had no means of keeping a record
+of things as they happened from day to day. He had his calendar, it is
+true. He would not lose track of the time. But he wished for some way to
+write down his thoughts and what happened. So he kept up keen search for
+anything that would serve him for this purpose.
+
+Every time he journeyed about the island he kept careful watch for
+something that he might write upon. He thought of the leaves of the palm
+tree, the white under surface of the shelf fungus. But these he found
+would not do. He tried many kinds of bark and leaves. There was a kind
+of tall reed or grass growing in the marshes whose rind seemed good when
+dried. He examined the inner bark of many trees. He at last found that
+the inner bark of a tree which resembled our elm tree worked best. He
+would cut through the bark with his stone knife around the tree. At
+about one foot from this he would cut another ring. He then would cut
+through the bark lengthwise from one circular cut to the other. He could
+then peel off the section easily. While it was yet full of sap he would
+separate the soft, tough, thin inner layer of the bark. This usually
+came off in sheets without a break. When these sheets of bark were
+stretched and dried they could be used very nicely instead of paper.
+
+Robinson next searched for something that would serve him as ink, and
+this was much easier to find than paper. He had noticed many kinds of
+galls of many different colors growing on trees. He did not know what
+they were, or how they grew, but he had learned in his father's store
+that ink was often made from galls gathered from trees. "Anyway," he
+thought, "I can get ink from the cuttle-fish." He had watched this
+animal get away from its enemies by sending out a cloud of purplish
+fluid, in which to hide as it darted away. He had learned also that
+indigo is made from the leaves of a plant. He had noticed a plant
+growing in the open places in the forest whose leaves turned black when
+dried.
+
+Robinson gathered a quantity of gall-nuts and soaked them in water. To
+the black fluid thus obtained he added a little rice water to make it
+flow well, and this served very well as an ink. He kept his ink in a cup
+made from a cocoanut shell.
+
+He was not long in getting a pen, though the lack of a good sharp knife
+made it hard to make a good one. In going about he had gathered a
+quantity of large feathers. He saved these for the time when he should
+have his paper and ink ready. Now, he cut away a quill to a point and
+split it up a little way. He was now supplied with writing materials.
+"Is it not wonderful," he thought, "how all our wants are filled? We
+have only to want a thing badly enough and it comes."
+
+Robinson began at once to write down the date for each day and the main
+thing he did or that happened on it. He called this his diary. He had
+now a better way of keeping time than on his tree calendar. He did not
+need it any more.
+
+You have no doubt wondered how Robinson could work in his cave,
+especially at night without a light. The truth is, it was a great source
+of discomfort to him. At sunset he was in total darkness in his cave.
+During the day light enough streamed in from the open doorway. To be
+alone in total darkness is not pleasant. "If I only had fire!" he said
+again and again.
+
+He watched the many large beetles and fire-flies flash their light in
+the dark of the evening as he sat in front of his shelter. The thought
+came to him that if he only had some way of keeping together a number of
+them, they would serve very well for a candle in his cave at night. How
+he longed for a glass bottle such as he had so often wantonly broken
+when at home! Back of his shelter there was a hill where the rock layers
+jutted out. He had noticed here several times the thin transparent rock
+that he had seen in his father's store. It is called isinglass.
+
+"I will make a living lantern," he said aloud in his eagerness.
+
+He soon had a suitable piece pried loose. He cut a part of a cocoanut
+shell away and in its place he put a sheet of isinglass. That evening at
+dark he gathered several handfuls of the great fire beetles and put them
+in his lantern. What joy their glow gave him in his cave at night. It
+was almost as much comfort as a companion. But while it lighted up the
+deep dark of the cave and enabled him to move about, he was unable after
+all to write in his diary at night. Every morning he set his captives
+free. In the evening he would go out and capture his light.
+
+
+
+
+XXIII
+
+ROBINSON IS SICK
+
+
+One evening Robinson went to bed sound and well. The next morning he was
+sick. Before he had only the heat of the day to complain of. To-day he
+was freezing. He wanted to go to work to get warm, but even this did not
+break his chill. It increased till his teeth chattered with the cold.
+
+"Perhaps," thought he, "if I can sleep a little I will get better." But
+he could not sleep. He was burning with fever and then shaking with cold
+by turns. He felt a strong thirst, but he was so weak that he could
+scarcely get the goat's milk. He had no sooner drunk the milk than his
+tongue was as dry as before. He felt better after a night of sleep, but
+the next day his fever and chills were worse than before. Then he
+bethought him of his parents. How kindly his mother had taken care of
+him! Now no one was near that could assist him.
+
+"Ah," he sighed, "must I die here? Who would bury me? There is no one
+to miss me." At this the tears came to his eyes.
+
+His sickness increased with each day. Occasionally the fever would go
+down sufficiently to allow him to get something to eat. Then it would be
+worse than before. In his dire need he wanted to pray, but he was so
+weak that he could only stammer, "Dear God, help me, or I shall die!"
+
+One night he had a strange dream. He thought he saw his good old father
+standing before him calling to him. He spread out his arms and cried
+aloud, "Here I am, here I am!" He tried to get up, but he was so weak
+that he fell back fainting.
+
+He lay there a long time, but finally came to. He felt a burning thirst,
+but no one reached him a drop of water. He prepared to die. He folded
+his hands and prayed to God that he would be merciful to him. He prayed
+forgiveness from his parents. Once more he raised his head and gazed
+wildly around, then he sank back and knew no more.
+
+When he again awoke he felt better. His hot fever had gone. He attempted
+to walk. He had just enough strength to crawl to the table and fetch a
+shell of water. When he tried to walk he had to sit down at every two or
+three steps.
+
+From this he recovered gradually, growing better and better, and he
+thanked God inwardly for his recovery. His sickness had continued from
+June 18 to July 3.
+
+
+
+
+XXIV
+
+ROBINSON'S BOWER
+
+
+Robinson's sickness set him thinking about his home. He had been so
+afraid of animals when he came to the island that he thought of nothing
+but protection from them. He had been now a year on the island and had
+seen nothing more dangerous than a goat. The fear of animals had
+practically faded away. In thinking over his sickness he made up his
+mind that it was caused by sleeping in his cave where the sun never
+shone. The ventilation seemed good, but the walls were damp, especially
+in the rainy season. Then the water would trickle down through the cleft
+in spite of all he could do.
+
+He resolved to build, if possible, a little cottage, or, as he called
+it, a bower, in the yard in front of his shelter. The hedge of thistles
+was growing and formed a fence that an animal could not get through. His
+screen of willows on the outside of this would soon hide him from view
+from the sea. He had the wall of rock and the hill behind him.
+
+He planned out his way of building it very carefully. "It must be done,"
+he said (Robinson formed the habit of talking to himself, so that he
+would not forget how to talk), "without hammer, nails, or saw."
+
+He first sought out four posts, as large as he could well handle. There
+were always broken trees and branches in the forest. If he searched long
+enough he could find posts just suited to his need. He wanted four of
+the same thickness and height and with a fork at the end. After long
+searching he found what he wanted. He was careful to get those that he
+could drag to his shelter.
+
+He placed these in the ground, forming the corners of a square about ten
+feet long. In the forks he placed poles running around about eight feet
+from the ground. At about every three feet he fastened others, running
+in the same way, with heavy cords made of fibre. He found his greatest
+trouble with the roof. It must be sloped to shed rain. He had to find
+two more forked posts, three or four feet longer than the others. These
+he placed opposite each other in the centers of two sides. Upon these he
+placed a ridge pole. He then laid other poles lengthwise from ridge pole
+to the edge of the frames.
+
+His frame was now done. His plan was now to cover this frame with straw
+or grasses tied in bundles. He had seen the barns in the country
+thatched in this way by the Dutch farmers in New York State. He gathered
+the straw of the wild rice. It was long, straight and tough. It was
+easily tied into flat bundles. These he bound securely on to the frame
+work with cords. He began at the bottom so that the ends of the row
+would lap over the tops of the last one put on.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON'S BOWER]
+
+In this way he built a very comfortable and rainproof bower. It was
+easy to make a bed of poles covered with straw. A table and bench were
+added and shelves of poles.
+
+Robinson felt great joy over this new home. "I will not now be sick any
+more," he said. "In case of danger I can get into my cave. But at all
+other times I will live in my bower." He had use still for his cave. He
+could use it to store some things in. But he had to be careful about the
+dampness in wet weather.
+
+Robinson was getting to feel at home. He was no longer so sad. He did
+not grieve so much for home. He looked upon his home with great delight.
+It was secure. He had his herd of goats always in his sight. At evening
+he would do his milking. He found he could keep the milk for some time
+in the cave. He was tempted to try making some butter from the good,
+rich cream. "But," said Robinson, "I have neither vessels to make it in
+nor bread to eat it on."
+
+He planned many things to do. "I will make a hammock some day for my
+bower and some vessels to use in my work," he thought.
+
+
+
+
+XXV
+
+ROBINSON AGAIN EXPLORES HIS ISLAND
+
+
+When Robinson recovered his strength he had a strong desire to see more
+of the island. At first he had been in constant fear of wild animals,
+but now he thought he would like to see all there was to see in the
+island. On the 15th of July he started out. First he went to a brook
+which ran into the sea near his cave. Its water was clear and pure;
+along its shore lay beautiful meadows. As he came to the upper course of
+the brook the meadow gave way to forest. On the border of the forest he
+found melons and grapes.
+
+The night came on and he slept again in a tree. The next morning he went
+farther and came to a clear rivulet. Here the region was wonderfully
+beautiful. The flowers bloomed as in a garden, and near the flowers
+stood splendid apple and orange trees. He took as much of the fruit as
+he could carry and went on his way. This journey continued three days.
+The grapes which he had carried he dried in the sun and made raisins.
+
+The 10th of September came, one year had passed on the island. He was
+many hundred miles from home, alone on an island. With tears he cried
+out, "Ah! what are my dear parents saying? They have no doubt long given
+me up as dead. If I could only send them a message to comfort them and
+let them know how much I love them!"
+
+The day was celebrated as a holiday. He thanked God that He had given
+him so many good things. Often he had lived the whole day in care and
+anxiety. Now he tried to be more cheerful and to meet the troubles of
+each day with courage.
+
+But Robinson was not yet satisfied. He longed to know more of the island
+and prepared himself for a greater journey. He slung his hunting pouch
+over his shoulder, filled it full of food, took his bow and arrows,
+stuck his stone hatchet in his belt and started on his way. He traveled
+over meadows, through beautiful forests in which were hundreds of birds.
+He was delighted as they sang and fluttered about.
+
+The journey was beautiful and pleasant to Robinson. In the forests he
+often saw small wild creatures, but he shot nothing. After the first
+night he slept under a tree in the soft grass, for he had now no fear of
+wild animals.
+
+Along the shore he saw great groves of palms with their large nuts. He
+saw, too, many goats in all parts of the island.
+
+Now he was ready to take the shortest way home. He had not gone far
+before he came into a dark forest. He became confused and wandered about
+for several days. On the fourth day he came to a little pile of stones,
+which he had made to mark the way as he was going out. From this place
+the way was easy to find. On this trip he was gone already two weeks.
+
+
+
+
+XXVI
+
+ROBINSON AND HIS BIRDS
+
+
+Of all the things he saw on his journey Robinson was most delighted with
+the birds. They were of the most beautiful colors. The forest was full
+of them. They gleamed like jewels in the deep masses of foliage. In the
+morning their singing filled the air with sound.
+
+Robinson had never taken much notice of the birds at home. But now every
+living thing attracted him. He loved to see them happy. He would watch
+often by the hour and learn the habits of nesting and getting food of
+nearly every bird on the island.
+
+Robinson did not know the names of many of the birds he saw on the
+island. He had to make names for them. The strangest thing he saw on his
+journey was the nest of what he called the yellow-tail. This bird lives
+in colonies and makes its nest at the ends of the long leaves of the
+mountain palm. When he first saw these queer looking sacks hanging from
+the leaves he was amazed. He had never seen so strange a sight. From
+the end of each great leaf hung a long, closely woven nest. Robinson
+could not make out at first what they were. Soon, however, he saw the
+birds come out of the mouths of the nests. Here, one hundred feet from
+the ground, they hung their nests. But they were perfectly safe.
+
+He had not gone far from the tree in which the yellow tails had their
+nests when he was suddenly startled by a voice crying, "Who, who are
+you?" Robinson was greatly frightened and hid beneath the drooping
+branches of a cedar tree. He feared every moment that the owner of the
+voice would make his appearance. But it kept at a distance. Every few
+minutes from the depths of the forest would come the doleful cry, "Who,
+who are you?" Robinson did not dare to stir from his hiding place. He
+remained there over night. After the night came on he heard the strange
+voice no more.
+
+The next day he renewed his journey. He saw many birds that were wholly
+strange to him. There was a kind of wild pigeon that built its home in a
+hole in the rock. It was a most beautiful bird with long, slender,
+graceful feathers in its tail. He saw the frigate bird soaring high
+above the island. The number and beauty of the humming-birds amazed
+Robinson. They were of all colors. One had a bill in the shape of a
+sickle. The most brilliant of them all was the ruby-crested
+humming-bird.
+
+Near noon, while Robinson was shielding himself from the scorching heat
+of the sun in a deep, shaded glen, he was startled again by the strange
+voice crying, "Who, who, who are you?" He lay quite still, determined if
+possible to allow the voice to come, if it would, within sight. He heard
+it slowly coming up the glen. Each time it repeated the cry it sounded
+nearer. At last he saw spying at him through the boughs of the tree
+under which he was lying a large bird with soft, silky feathers of green
+and chestnut. "Who, who, who are you?" said the bird. Robinson could not
+help but laugh. He had been frightened at the cry of a bird.
+
+But the bird that interested Robinson most was the parrot. There were
+several kinds of them. They flew among the trees with great noise and
+clatter and shrieking. Robinson determined if possible to secure one for
+a pet. "I can teach it to talk," he said, "and I will have something to
+talk to." As soon as he returned home he set about catching one. He
+noticed that a number were in the habit of visiting an old tree near
+the shelter every morning. He planned to snare one and tried several
+mornings, but he could not get one into the snare. He tried to hit one
+with his bow and arrow. He at last succeeded in hitting one and stunning
+it so that it fell to the ground. He ran rapidly to pick it up, but
+before he could get to where it lay in the bushes it had disappeared.
+
+After thinking the matter over he concluded that it would be much better
+to get a pair of young birds and raise them. The old ones would be hard
+to tame and difficult to teach. It was easy enough to find a nest in a
+hollow tree. He secured from the nest two birds just ready to fly. He
+made a cage for them out of willow rods. He placed the cage at the
+entrance of his cave and studied how he would feed them. Much to his
+surprise the parent birds discovered their young ones and brought them
+food and fed them through the open work of the cage.
+
+When the birds were grown they rapidly learned to talk. Robinson took
+great delight in teaching them. He taught them to call his name and when
+he came near they would call out, "Poor old Robinson Crusoe!"
+
+These birds remained for many years with Robinson. In fact, he was never
+afterward without a parrot. They helped him to pass away very
+pleasantly many hours that without them would have been sad.
+
+Another bird that Robinson loved was the little house wren. This bird
+was exceedingly tame and friendly. It was a very sweet and strong
+singer. It loved to make its nest in or near his shelter. There it would
+build and rear its young, within reach of his hands, while its throat
+was always bursting with melody.
+
+The mocking bird, too, always nested near and awakened him in the
+morning with its wonderful song.
+
+Robinson became a great friend and favorite of the bird inhabitants of
+the island. They seemed to know him and showed no fear when near him.
+This pleased him very much.
+
+
+
+
+XXVII
+
+ROBINSON GETS FIRE
+
+
+Robinson was now pretty comfortable. He had his bower with its chair and
+table. He had his cave in case of danger. He had his cellar in which to
+keep his meat. He would sit in the shade near the door of his bower and
+think of the many things he should be thankful for. But there was one
+hardship that Robinson could not get used to and that was the eating of
+raw food. "How fine it would be if only I could parch a few grains of
+corn in the fire! I could like live a prince," thought he, "if I had
+fire. I would grind some of my corn into flour and make some corn bread
+or cakes and cook rice." He did so long for roasted meat and determined
+again to make the attempt to get fire.
+
+Robinson was fast losing his idle, thoughtless ways of doing things. He
+had become a thoughtful and diligent man in the short time that he had
+been on the island. Trouble and hardship had made a man of him. "I must
+carefully think over the whole matter of getting fire," he said. He had
+failed twice and was now resolved to succeed. "If the lightning would
+only strike a tree," he thought, "and set it on fire."
+
+But he could not wait for such a thing to happen, and how could he keep
+it when once thus obtained? It was clear he must have some way of
+producing fire when he wanted it, just as they did at home. He thought
+over the ways he had tried and the one most likely to be successful. He
+resolved to make a further trial of the method by twirling a stick in
+his hands. He selected new wood that was hard and dry. He carefully
+sharpened a stick about eighteen inches long and, standing it upright in
+a hollow in the block of wood, began to roll it between his hands. By
+the time Robinson's hands were well hardened, it seemed that he was
+going to succeed at last. But he lacked the skill to be obtained only by
+long practice.
+
+"If I could only make it go faster," he said. "There must be some way of
+doing this. I believe I can do it. I used to make my top spin round with
+a cord; I wonder if I can use the cord here." The only cord he had was
+attached to his bow. He was going to take it off when a thought struck
+him. He loosened the string a bit and twisted it once about his
+spindle. Then he drew the bow back and forth. The spindle was turned at
+a great rate. He saw he must hold one end with his left hand while the
+other rested in the hollow in the block. With his right, he drew the bow
+back and forth. How eagerly he worked! He had twirled but a few minutes
+when the dust in the hollow burst into fire from the heat produced by
+the rapidly twirling spindle.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON'S TOOLS FOR MAKING FIRE]
+
+Robinson was too overjoyed to make any use of it. He danced and capered
+about like one gone mad until the fire had gone out. But that was of no
+matter now, since he could get fire when he wanted it.
+
+He hastened to make him a rude fireplace and oven of stones. He hollowed
+out a place in the ground and lined and covered it with large flat
+stones. On one side he built up a chimney to draw up the smoke and make
+the fire burn brightly. He brought wood and some dry fungus or
+mushroom. This he powdered and soon had fire caught in it. He kindled in
+this way the wood in his stove and soon had a hot fire.
+
+The first thing he did in the way of cooking was to roast some rabbit
+meat on a spit or forked stick held in his hand over the fire. Nothing
+Robinson had ever eaten was to be compared to this.
+
+"I can do many things now," thought Robinson. "My work will not be
+nearly so hard. My fire will be my servant and help me make my tools as
+well as cook my food. I can now cook my corn and rice."
+
+
+
+
+XXVIII
+
+ROBINSON MAKES BASKETS
+
+
+Robinson still continued anxious about his food supply when he could no
+longer gather it fresh from the fields and forest. Corn had again become
+ripe. He had found in a wet, marshy place some wild rice-plants loaded
+with ripened grain. As he now had fire he only had to have some way of
+storing up grains and he would not lack for food. He knew that grain
+stored away must be kept dry and that he must especially provide against
+dampness in his cave or in his bower.
+
+If he only had some baskets. These would be just the thing. But how was
+he to get them? Robinson had never given a thought to either material or
+the method of making them. He, however, was gradually acquiring skill
+and confidence in himself. So far he had managed to meet all his wants.
+He had invented tools and made his own clothes and shelter, and, "Now,"
+said he to himself, "I will solve the new problem. I must first study
+the materials that I have at hand." He remembered the splint market
+baskets in which his father took vegetables home from the store. He
+recalled how the thin splints were woven.
+
+"They went over and under," he said. "That is simple enough if I had the
+splints." He set himself diligently to work to find a plant whose bark
+or split branches could be used for splints. He tried to peel off the
+rough outer bark of several trees in order to examine the inner layers
+of soft fibrous material. He found several trees that gave promise of
+furnishing abundance of long, thin strips, but the labor of removing the
+bark with his rude imperfect tools was so great that he resolved that he
+would have to find some other kind of material.
+
+"Why need the strips be flat?" he thought. "I believe I could weave them
+in the same way if I used the long, thin, tough willow rods I saw
+growing by the brookside, when I was returning from my journey."
+
+He found on trial that the weaving went very well, but that he must have
+strong, thick rods or ribs running up and down to give strength and form
+to his basket. He worked hard, but it was slow work. It was three days
+before his first basket was done. He made many mistakes and was obliged
+many times to undo what he had accomplished in order to correct some
+error. And at last when he had woven the basket as large as he thought
+was suitable for his purpose, he did not know how to stop or finish the
+top so as to keep the basket from unraveling. At last he hit upon the
+plan of fastening two stout rods, one outside, the other inside, the
+basket. These he sewed firmly, over and over, to the basket with a kind
+of fibre from a plant he had discovered that looked almost to be what he
+had heard called the century plant in the parks at home.
+
+On attempting his next basket, he thought long how he might improve and
+save time. He must hasten, or the now almost daily rains would destroy
+his ripened wild corn and rice.
+
+"If I could use coils of that long grass I saw growing in the marsh
+beside the rice," he thought, "I could make twice the progress." He
+gathered an armful, twisted it into cables about an inch thick and wove
+it into his frame of upright rods instead of the horizontal layer of
+willow canes. This answered his purpose just as well and rendered the
+making of large baskets the work of a few hours. He found, however, that
+the willow rods or osiers were not pliant enough to work well in
+fastening his coils of grass cables together. He tried several things
+and at last succeeded best when he used the long thread-like fibre of
+the century-like plant. He had, however, to make a stout framework of
+rods. He would first coil his grass rope into this frame and then sew it
+together with twine or thread made from this fibre.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON'S BASKETS]
+
+He afterwards tried making smaller and finer baskets out of the fibre
+that he had discovered, which could be easily had from the thick-leaved
+plant he thought he had seen at home. He first used long, tough, fine
+roots he had seen when digging up the tree at the mouth of his cave.
+Afterwards he discovered some tall, tough reeds growing near by. He laid
+in a supply of these. He found that when he wanted to use them, a good
+soaking in water made them as pliable and tough as when first cut.
+
+The making of the baskets and storing up grains made it possible for
+Robinson to become a farmer and thus make himself independent. This
+thought was a great relief to him.
+
+
+
+
+XXIX
+
+ROBINSON BECOMES A FARMER
+
+
+Robinson had now been on the island long enough to know how the seasons
+changed. He found that there were two kinds of weather there, wet
+weather and dry weather. There were two wet seasons in each year and two
+dry ones. During the wet seasons, which lasted nearly three months,
+Robinson had to remain pretty closely at home, and could not gather
+grain, for the plants were then starting from the seeds. It ripened in
+the dry seasons. Robinson soon found that he must have a store of corn
+and wild rice for food during the rainy seasons. He, however, knew
+nothing about planting and harvesting, nor preparing the ground for
+seed.
+
+He had it all to learn with no teacher or books to instruct him. He
+found a little space near his dwelling free from trees and thought he
+would plant some corn seed here. He did not know the proper time for
+planting. He thought because it was warm, seed would grow at any time.
+It happened his first seed was put in at the beginning of the dry
+season. He watched and waited to rejoice his eyes with the bright green
+of sprouting corn, but the seed did not grow. There was no rain and the
+sun's heat parched the land till it was dry and hard on the upland where
+his corn was planted.
+
+"Very well," thought Robinson, "I will plant it at the beginning of the
+wet season, either in March or September." He did so; the seed quickly
+sprouted up. But the weeds, shrubs, and vines sprouted as quickly, and
+before Robinson was aware, his corn was overgrown and choked out by a
+rank growth of weeds and vines.
+
+"I see," said Robinson, "that I must thoroughly prepare the soil before
+planting my seed." But he had no spade and no other tool that would
+stand the strain of digging among tough matted roots. But he must
+succeed. He put a new handle in the stone hoe or pick he had already
+made. His mussel shell spade was worn out. He must set himself to
+fashion out another. He decided to make one from the tough heavy wood of
+a tree that grew plentifully in the forest.
+
+He was lucky enough to find a tree of this kind whose bole had been
+split lengthwise by the falling of an old rotten tree near it. With his
+stone tools and the help of fire he managed after several days' work to
+make a wide sharpened tool out of one of the large pieces split off. It
+was a little over three feet long. He had trimmed one end small and cut
+notches in the sides about one foot from the flat end. He could place
+his foot in the notch and thrust his wooden spade into the earth. With
+his rude tool he dug up and turned the soil of a small space of ground
+several times to kill the vines and weeds. His corn quickly sprouted
+after this attempt and outstripped the weeds and vines which Robinson
+constantly had to hold in check by pulling and hoeing. He was rejoiced
+at his growing crop and went each morning to feast his eyes on the
+rapidly expanding leaves and ears.
+
+One morning as he came in sight of the little clearing he thought he saw
+something disappearing in the low brush on the other side as he
+approached. Alas, his labor had been in vain! A herd of wild goats had
+found out the place and had utterly destroyed his crop. Robinson sat
+down nearby and surveyed the ruin of his little field. "It is plain,"
+thought he, "I will have to fence in the field or I will never be able
+to harvest my crop. I cannot watch it all the time."
+
+He had already learned from his experience in making the fence around
+the goat pasture that the branches of many kinds of shrubs and trees,
+when broken off and thrust into the ground, will send out roots and
+leaves and at length if planted close together in a line, will form a
+thick hedge which no kind of beast can get through or over. He found out
+some willow trees whose branches broke easily, and soon had enough to
+thrust into the ground about six inches apart around the entire edge of
+his little field, which contained about one eighth of an acre.
+
+After this hedge had grown so as to be a fair protection to his crop he
+tried planting again at the proper season. He spaded up the ground and
+pulled out the matted roots as best he could and with great pains and
+care planted his corn in straight even rows. To make them straight and
+each hill of corn the same distance from its neighbors, he first marked
+off the ground in squares whose sides were about three and one half feet
+long.
+
+"Now," thought he, "I will reap the reward of my labor." The corn grew
+rapidly, and toward the end of the first dry season was filling out and
+ripening its ears. But to Robinson's dismay a new danger threatened his
+crop against which he could not fence. He was in despair. The birds were
+fast eating and destroying his partially ripened corn. He could not
+husk it yet. It was not ripe enough. He thought how easy it would be to
+protect his field if he had a gun. But he had learned that it is useless
+to give time to idle dreaming. He must do something and that quick.
+
+"If I could catch some of these rascals," he thought, "I would hang them
+up on poles, dead, as a warning to the rest." It seemed almost a
+hopeless task, but he went about it. It was in vain he tried to kill
+some of them by throwing rocks and sticks. He could not get near enough
+to them. At length he laid snares and succeeded in snaring three birds.
+He had learned to weave a pliable, strong thong out of cocoa and other
+fibre that he was now acquainted with. The birds thus caught he fastened
+on broken branches of trees which he stuck into the earth in different
+parts of his field. The birds heeded the warning and visited his corn
+field no more that season.
+
+At the end of the season he gathered or husked his corn and after it was
+thoroughly dry he shelled it from the cob with his hands. He used his
+baskets in which to carry his husked ears from the field to his cave and
+in which to store it when shelled. He found that the ears were larger
+and better filled and plumper than when the plants grew wild. He
+selected the largest and best filled ears for his seed the next time. In
+this way his new crop of corn was always better in kind and yielded more
+than the old one.
+
+At first he grew two crops a year, but by experimenting he found out
+about how much he needed for his own use and planted once a year enough
+to give him a liberal supply.
+
+He observed that the wild rice grew in swampy lands, so that he did not
+make the mistake of trying to raise it upon the upland where the corn
+grew best. He saw at once that the planting of rice on low, marshy or
+wet land was beyond his present strength and tools. "Some time in the
+future," he thought, "I may try it."
+
+Robinson also found wild grapes in abundance. These he dried by hanging
+them on the branches of trees. He thus had a store of raisins for each
+rainy season.
+
+
+
+
+XXX
+
+ROBINSON AS POTTER
+
+
+Robinson was now anxious to cook his food, to boil his rice and
+vegetables and bake bread, but he could do nothing without cooking
+vessels. He had tried to use cocoanut shells, but these were too small
+and there was no way to keep them from falling over and spilling the
+contents. He determined to try to make some clay vessels. He knew where
+he could get a kind of clay that had the appearance of making good ware.
+It was fine grained and without lumps or pebbles. He was much perplexed
+to mould the clay into right shapes. He tried taking a lump and shaping
+it into a vessel with his hands. He tried many times, but each time the
+clay broke and he was forced to try some other way. He recalled how he
+had made his basket out of strands of twisted grass and wondered whether
+he could not make his pots in the same way.
+
+He spun the clay out into a long rope and began to coil it around a
+small basket forming the layers together with his hands. This was easy,
+but he did not see clearly how he was going to get the basket out from
+the inside of the pot. He found he could copy in this way any form he
+wished, but he finally hit upon the plan of making a form of wicker work
+and coiling the clay rope inside it, for he saw that whether he
+succeeded or not in getting the clay free from the basket he could use
+the pot, and besides if the pot would stand the fire the basket would
+burn off. To dry the pots Robinson stood them in the sun a few days.
+When they were dry he tried to cook some soup in one of them. He filled
+it with water and put it on his stove or oven, but how sadly had he
+deceived himself. In a short time the water soaked into the clay and
+soon the pot had fallen to pieces.
+
+"How foolish I am!" said Robinson to himself; "the pots have to be fired
+before they can be used." He set about this at once. He found two stones
+of equal size, placed them near each other and laid a third across
+these. He then placed three large pots upon them and made a hot fire
+under them. No sooner had the flame shot up than one of the pots cracked
+in two. "I probably made the fire too hot at first," thought Robinson.
+
+He drew out some of the coals and wood, but afterwards gradually
+increased the fire again. He could not, however, get the pots hot enough
+to turn red. He brought the dryest and hardest wood, but could not
+succeed in getting them hot enough to turn red. At length he was tired
+out and was compelled to give it up. When the pots were cool he tried to
+boil water in one. It was no better than the sun dried one.
+
+He saw that he must provide some way to get the pots much hotter than he
+could in the open air. He resolved to make an oven of stones large
+enough to take in the wood as well as the pots. It must be above ground
+so that there might be plenty of draught for the fire. With great labor,
+he pried up and carried together flat stones enough to make an oven
+about four feet high with a chimney at one side. He had put in the
+center a stone table on which he could place three quite large pots. He
+left an opening in one side that could be partially closed by a large,
+flat stone.
+
+He worked eagerly and at the end of the second day he was ready to fire
+his oven. He first carried together a good quantity of dry wood, then he
+put in his pots and laid the wood around them. In a short time he had a
+very hot fire. He kept this up all day and until late at night.
+
+[Illustration: SOME OF ROBINSON'S DISHES]
+
+The next morning he went to his oven and found his pots were a beautiful
+red. He drew out the fire and allowed them to cool slowly. Then he
+filled one with water and set it over the fire to heat it. Before many
+minutes the water was boiling and Robinson had another reason to be
+thankful. He wept for joy. His patient labors had brought their rewards.
+No prince could feel as happy as Robinson now. He had overcome all
+difficulties. Starting with nothing but his hands, he was now able to
+supply all his wants. "If I only had a companion now," he thought, "I
+would have nothing further to wish as long as I stay on the island."
+
+
+
+
+XXXI
+
+ROBINSON AS BAKER
+
+
+Now that Robinson had fire, he determined to try to make bread. He had
+seen the servants at home make bread many times, but he had not observed
+closely and knew next to nothing about the way bread is made. He knew he
+must in some way grind the corn into flour, but how could he do this? He
+had no mill nor any tools with which to crush the corn.
+
+He first tried to find a stone large and hard enough out of which he
+might hollow a vessel or kind of mortar. He thought he could put the
+corn into this mortar and grind it by means of another stone or pestle.
+It was with great difficulty that he could get a stone of suitable size
+and form. After several days' trial he at last got one cut out from some
+layers of rock near the shore. He made a hollow place in it. Then he
+took a smaller oblong shaped rock for his pestle.
+
+He took great pride in these new tools. "I shall soon be a
+stone-cutter," he said to himself, "as well as a farmer and potter." But
+his stone mortar was a failure. The rock was too soft. Every time he
+thrust the pestle down, it loosened small pieces of the stone vessel.
+These mixed with the ground corn or flour and made it unfit to eat.
+There was no way to separate the sand from the crushed grain.
+
+He resolved then to try to make a mortar and pestle of hard wood. Now
+that he had fire, he could do this, though it cost him many a hard day's
+work. He found not far away a log of very hard wood. By building a fire
+at the right distance from one end he was able to separate a piece of
+the log. He rolled this to his cave and made a good-sized hollow in it
+by burning. This pestle was not so difficult to make. He took a limb or
+branch of an ironwood tree, burned it in two at the place to make it the
+right length. By burning also he rounded one end and then he was ready
+for the grinding. After cleaning his mortar and pestle carefully he
+placed some corn in the hollow and soon had some fine yellow meal or
+flour without any grit or sand in it.
+
+His next care was to separate the coarse outer husk or covering of the
+kernel from the finer parts that make the meal. He had no sieve. His
+net was too coarse. It let both bran and meal go through. "I must make a
+net or cloth fine enough to sift or bolt my flour," said he. Such was
+now his skill in spinning and weaving that this was not hard to do. He
+had soon woven in his loom a piece of fine netting which allowed the
+meal to shake through, but held back the coarse bran or outer husk of
+the kernel. Out of the dry corn that he had stored up he now made quite
+a quantity of flour. This he kept tightly covered in a large earthen pot
+or jar that he had made for this purpose. "I must keep all my food clean
+and protect it from the ants and other insects as well as dust and
+damp," he thought.
+
+His preparations were now nearly made. He had already his stove of flat
+stones. On this he could set his pots to boil water, cook rice, and
+meat, but it would not do for baking a loaf of bread of any thickness.
+He must have an oven or enclosed place into which he could put the loaf
+to bake it. By the use of flat stones he soon rebuilt his stove so as to
+have an oven that did fine service. Now it was mixing the dough that
+claimed his attention. He had of course no yeast to make raised or light
+bread. He poured goats' milk on the flour and kneaded it into a thick
+dough. He did not forget to add salt. He placed his loaf in a shallow
+earthen pan he had made for this purpose. After the fire had heated the
+stones of his oven through, he put in his loaf and soon was enjoying a
+meal of corn bread and meat stew.
+
+Robinson soon tried to make cocoa from the beans of the cocoa palm that
+grew in the island. This with good rich goats' milk in it he thought the
+best drink in the world. He often thought of making sugar from the sugar
+cane plant he had discovered in the island. But the labor of squeezing
+out the juice was too great. He could think of no way to do this without
+the help of horses or oxen.
+
+
+
+
+XXXII
+
+ROBINSON AS FISHERMAN
+
+
+Robinson was now eager to use his fire and cooking vessels. He had
+noticed with hungry eyes fine large fish in the creek near his cave. But
+he had never taken the trouble to catch any. "What is the use?" he
+thought. "I cannot eat them raw." It was different now and he began to
+devise ways of making a catch. How he longed for a fish-hook, such as he
+had so often used when loitering along the Hudson River! "But a
+fish-hook is not to be thought of," he said to himself, "unless I can
+make one of bone." He went down to the brook and searched long for a
+fish-bone that he might make use of for this purpose. He found nothing.
+
+"I must try something else," he thought. He remembered the nets he used
+to see along the Hudson and wondered if he could not make a small one to
+pull through the water and thus catch the fish.
+
+He had now a better source of fibre for weaving and for spinning into
+lines and ropes. He had discovered this when he was trying to find a
+good strong thread or yarn with which to bind the coils of his
+grass-made baskets together. He obtained fibre in great abundance from
+the century-like plant. He found if he broke off the long leaves of this
+plant and allowed them to decay there remained a long, tough fibrous
+substance out of which strong cords could be twisted or yarn made for
+weaving a coarse cloth or netting.
+
+Out of this he spun yarn thread to make a net about three or four feet
+by two feet. He fastened cords to four corners of this, tied them to a
+long pole, and was now prepared to test his plan for catching fish.
+
+The brook he found was too shallow for him to catch fish in this way. At
+the sight of him and his net, they scurried away to deep water. Neither
+could he succeed in the shallow water along the shore. "I must wade out
+as far as I can," he said to himself, "and draw the net through the
+water."
+
+As he did this he was surprised at the many forms of sea life, new to
+him, that he saw. He, however, was careful and watchful. He walked along
+near the shore to a point where some rocks showed above the surface. As
+he looked ahead he saw the single eye of a giant cuttle-fish glaring at
+him from among the rocks. It was thrusting out its long arms towards
+him. He drew back quickly, but as he did so he was terrified to hear the
+snap of some huge creature's jaws near him. A great shark had seen him
+and had thrown himself on his back to seize him in his rows of sharp
+teeth, but was prevented reaching him by the shallowness of the water.
+
+Robinson was too much terrified to continue longer his attempt at
+fishing. He went back to his cave with only a few small ones, not worth
+the trouble of dressing for his dinner.
+
+The next day undismayed he tried again. He succeeded in drawing in some
+very beautiful large fish. Their sides shone as burnished gold and
+silver. "Now," he thought, "I will have a feast." He carried them home,
+carefully cleaned and dressed them, seasoned them with his salt, and
+broiled them over his fire. Imagine his disappointment when they proved
+unfit to eat. Their flesh was coarse and tough and ill-tasting. He saw
+that the catching of fish for his table was a more difficult thing than
+he thought it. He must not only catch fish, but catch ones that could be
+eaten. He could only tell the good from the bad by trying them.
+
+He was more fortunate in his next venture. He was going along the shore
+at the mouth of the creek which ran near his cave when he noticed a
+group of fishes, dark bluish above with silvery sides. The largest of
+them were about two feet long. They were feeding on the bottom in the
+brackish water at the mouth of the creek, which at its mouth opened out
+into quite a little bay or inlet. They would take up a mouthful of earth
+from the bottom and let it wash through their mouths, keeping all the
+bits of food that happened to be in it. When one fish got a good place
+to feed the others swam around it and tried to get some of the food.
+
+Robinson watched his chance and slipped his net under a group, while
+each one was busy trying to get the best mouthful of mud. He drew up
+three quite large fish, but just as he was about to lift them from the
+water, one of the cords which bound the net to the poles broke and he
+saw his catch fall back into the creek and dart away in the deepest
+water. But Robinson was not to be discouraged. He soon mended his net
+and at last was successful. In a short time he drew out another catch of
+two fish.
+
+These proved excellent food and were so abundant as to furnish Robinson
+with all the fish he wanted as long as he stayed on the island.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIII
+
+ROBINSON BUILDS A BOAT
+
+
+Robinson had wished for a boat many times. He wished to explore the
+shore of his island. He wanted to go clear around it so that he might
+see it on every side. But he knew the work of making a boat would be
+great, if not wholly impossible.
+
+The shaping of boards to build a boat with his rude tools was not to be
+thought of. He knew how the Indians made boats out of bark of trees. But
+he saw that for his purpose so light a boat would not do. He finally
+remembered a second Indian way of making a boat by hollowing out a large
+log. The forest was full of the boles of trees that had been blown down.
+But they were far away from the shore. At first he did not think of this
+very much. He had overcome so many difficulties that he thought, "Never
+mind, I will get my boat to water, no matter where I make it, in some
+way." So he selected a tree trunk some distance from the bank of the
+little creek near his cave and began work.
+
+He had first to burn out his log the proper length and hack it into boat
+shape with his stone tools. This was very slow and tedious work. He had
+to handle the fire with great care for there was always the danger of
+spoiling the shape of the slowly forming boat. Both ends must be
+sharpened, but one more than the other to form the prow or forward going
+end. After he had shaped his boat, he began hollowing it out. This he
+did also by burning for the most part. He used the branches of pitch
+bearing trees for this purpose. But it was so slow. He worked at his
+boat all the time he could spare from his regular duties in attending to
+his goats, his garden and his cave. He was always making his cave
+larger. Every time he made a piece of furniture or stored away grain he
+must make more room in his cave by digging away the earth and carrying
+it out. He had made a large strong wicker basket for this purpose.
+
+He had had a vague idea that when he got his boat done he would dig a
+trench back from the bank of the creek and thus float his boat. But he
+had not thought it out clearly. "Or anyway," he thought, "I can in some
+way manage to roll it to the water." He must now actually plan to put
+some of these ideas into effect. He first went over the ground and found
+that to dig a trench from the water to the boat, so that the water would
+come to the boat, he would have to dig it twenty feet deep. "I can never
+do this," he said, "with my poor tools."
+
+He next tried his rolling plan. But he had been so anxious to have a
+large boat that he had overlooked everything else. Try as hard as he
+might he could not stir his boat from the spot. After many trials with
+the longest levers he could handle, the boat still stuck fast. It would
+not budge an inch. He at last gave it up. "It will lie here," he
+thought, "to remind me how foolish it is to attempt to do anything
+without first having thought it out carefully."
+
+There was nothing to do but to choose another tree trunk. This time he
+selected a much smaller one, and one that lay at the top of the little
+slope or incline from the bank of the creek. After another weary six
+months of work he had his second boat ready for launching. With a good
+stout lever he gave it a start, when it rolled quickly down into the
+water. Robinson again wept for joy. Of all his projects this had cost
+him the most work and pains and at last to see his plans successful
+filled him with delight.
+
+The next problem was how to make it go. He had no certain knowledge how
+far it was around the island, but he knew it was farther than he wanted
+to row or paddle his boat. Yet he knew from the way the wind blew that
+he could not always depend upon a sail to help him. He must become
+skillful in paddling his boat. A sail too would be very helpful at
+times. He imagined how pleasant it would be sitting in the boat sailing
+along with a gentle wind. "When the wind is favorable," he thought, "I
+will only have to steer with my paddle."
+
+So he set about weaving a sail of his sisal fibre. To do this he had to
+make a much larger loom than he had yet used. His sail must be at least
+four feet square. He was now so skilled in weaving that this was soon
+finished. He then made plenty of string, cord, and rope, put in a mast
+and was ready to sail. But he did not venture far away until he had
+spent weeks and weeks in learning to steer, sail, and paddle his boat.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIV
+
+ROBINSON AS A SAILOR
+
+
+Ever since Robinson had finished his boat he had been eager to make a
+tour of his island. He had indeed made a journey by land. But the deep
+forests and tangled vines made it very difficult to travel. His journeys
+had shown him but a small part of the land. He wished to know all about
+the land of which he, so far as he knew, was the sole master.
+
+His first care was to fit up his boat with provisions. He made some
+large baskets in which to carry food and a large covered jar for water.
+These he stored in the bow and the stern of his boat. He fastened his
+parasol on the stern for a shelter from the sun. He baked up a quantity
+of cakes or loaves of bread and packed them in his baskets. He had woven
+these so carefully that they would almost hold water.
+
+At last all was ready. It was on the sixth day of November in the sixth
+year of his life on the island that Robinson hoisted his sail and set
+out upon this voyage of discovery. He had waited until the wind was
+gentle and blowing as far easterly as it does at that place. He scudded
+along bravely, running with the land toward the East and North. All went
+well until he came to a low reef or ledge of rocks running far out to
+sea in a north-easterly direction.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When Robinson observed this he went on shore and climbed to a high point
+to see if it was safe to venture. He was afraid of hidden currents, or
+streams of water. These might carry him away from the shore and prevent
+him from getting around the point.
+
+He did indeed observe that there was a current running out to sea past
+the ledge, but he thought he could by careful paddling keep his boat
+from striking the rock. If he could once get beyond the ledge, the wind
+would help him double or get around the point. Indeed the danger was
+that the wind would blow him on to the rocks.
+
+He waited for two days for a gentle wind. At last without sail he pushed
+his boat into the current and was born swiftly seaward. He found the
+current much stronger than he thought it would be. It rushed his frail
+boat on past the point of the rocks and out into the sea. Try as best he
+might he could not change its course. He was steadily going out to sea.
+He gave himself up for lost. He reproached himself for being so rash and
+foolhardy as to trust his fortunes in so frail a craft. How dear at this
+time seemed the island to him! The wind which he had depended on to help
+him at this point had died down so that it was at the mercy of the
+current. He kept urging his boat to the westward as much as possible,
+with all his strength, hoping that a breeze would finally spring up.
+
+He struggled on bravely until about noon. He had been carried out a
+great distance into the sea, but not so far as to lose sight of the
+land. All at once he felt the breeze freshening up. It caught his sail
+and soon his boat was cutting across the current. He did not have to go
+far before he was free from it and making headway for the island, which
+he reached about four o'clock in the afternoon.
+
+He found himself on the northern shore of the island, but before long
+the shore ran away to the southward again. He ran briskly along the west
+side until he found a little bay or cove. He determined to enter this,
+draw up his boat on shore and make his way back home across the island
+on foot. He was almost exhausted with his great labor and was worn out
+with anxiety.
+
+In the centre of the arms of the cove he found a little creek entering
+the sea. He paddled into this and found a good place to hide his boat.
+
+As soon as Robinson was again on land he fell on his knees and with
+tears in his eyes thanked God for his deliverance. The island which had
+seemed to him a prison now seemed the fairest and dearest place in the
+world.
+
+Having made his boat safe he started back toward his shelter. But he was
+too tired to go far. He soon came to a little grove of trees beneath
+which he laid himself down and soon was fast asleep.
+
+You can imagine with what surprise Robinson was awakened out of his
+sleep by a voice calling his name. "Robinson, Robinson Crusoe," it said,
+"poor Robinson Crusoe! Where are you Robinson, where have you been?"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+He was so fast asleep that he did not at first rouse up entirely and
+thought he was dreaming. But the voice kept calling, "Robinson,
+Robinson, poor Robinson Crusoe!" He was greatly frightened and started
+up. But no sooner were his eyes opened than he saw his parrot sitting on
+a branch of a tree. He knew at once the source of the voice.
+
+Polly had missed her master and was also exploring the island. It was a
+pleasant surprise. She immediately flew to him and lit on his shoulder.
+She showed in many ways how glad she was to see him and kept saying,
+"Poor Robinson, poor Robinson Crusoe!"
+
+Robinson remained here over night and the next morning made his way back
+to the shelter. Up to this time Robinson had never seen any dangerous
+animals on the island. He had grown used to life there and went about
+without fear of animals. But as he was returning across a little
+opening, he saw a clump of palms in the centre of the opening, swaying
+about. He did not at first see what caused this, but soon there was
+thrust out the head of a great serpent. Its jaws were open and its eyes
+were fixed on a poor terrified little rabbit. The rabbit seemed rooted
+to the spot. It could not stir a muscle and was soon caught in the folds
+of the great snake.
+
+This sight made Robinson greatly afraid. He wanted to rush to the rescue
+of the rabbit, but what could he do against such a foe? He resolved in
+the future to keep a more careful watch and always to sleep in his
+bower.
+
+Robinson had enough of exploring for some time. He was contented to
+remain at home. He made many things he needed. He had saved all the
+skins of the goats he had killed for meat and all that had died from any
+cause. These he made into rugs for his bed. He kept at his loom too, for
+he was anxious to weave enough of his coarse cloth to make him a suit of
+clothes. He learned how to braid mats and rugs out of his fibre, and
+finally replaced his awkward hat and parasol with others braided very
+skillfully from the long grasses that grew so abundantly in the marshy
+places.
+
+Another thing that Robinson was now able to make or weave out of his
+fibre was a hammock. He had slept all this time on a bed made of poles
+laid lengthwise and thickly covered with the skins of goats and rabbits.
+
+Now he could have a comfortable place to sleep. He did not stop until he
+had made two. One was for the bower and the other was for use
+out-of-doors. When his work was done in the evening or in the heat of
+the midday he would lie in it at full length under the shade of the
+trees.
+
+
+
+
+XXXV
+
+A DISCOVERY
+
+
+Robinson could not forget his boat. It seemed a companion. "It may be
+the means of my escape from this place," he thought. He took frequent
+journeys across the island to where his little boat lay in the cove. He
+would start out in the morning and walk over to the west side of the
+island, take his boat and have a pleasant little sail. He always
+returned home before dark, for to tell the truth, Robinson was a coward.
+He was as timid as a hare. He was afraid of everything and spent many
+nights without sleep because of fear.
+
+It was while on one of his visits to his boat that Robinson made a
+discovery that changed his whole life. It happened one day, about noon,
+when he was going toward his boat that he, with great surprise, saw the
+print of a man's naked foot on the shore in the sand. He stood like one
+rooted to the ground. He could not move, so great was his surprise and
+fear. He listened, looked around, but could hear and see nothing. He
+went up to a little hill to look further but nothing was in sight.
+There was but the one footprint. There was no doubt about it, there it
+was, foot, toes, heel and every part of a foot. Robinson tried to think
+how it might have gotten there, but he could not. It was a mystery. He
+was greatly afraid and started at once for his shelter. He ran like one
+pursued. At every little way he would look behind to see if anyone was
+following him.
+
+Never a frightened rabbit ran to his hiding place with more terror than
+Robinson ran to his cave. He did not sleep that night for fear and
+remained in his shelter for three days, never venturing out. But his
+food was growing short and his goats needed to be milked. He finally
+with a thousand wild fancies forced himself to go about his duties.
+
+But he could not get the footprint out of his mind. He spent many sad
+and fearful days thinking about it. "How could it have gotten there?
+Whose was it? Was the owner savage or not? What did he want on the
+island?" were some of the questions that haunted him.
+
+"Perhaps," he thought one day, "I just imagined I saw a footprint, or
+perhaps it was one of my own that I have made when going to sail my
+boat." He took courage at this and began to go about the island again.
+But he went in great fear, always looking behind him. He was always
+ready to run at the first sign of danger. He had made himself a large,
+strong, new bow and plenty of arrows. He carried these in a quiver he
+had made from his cloth. He fashioned too a sharp-pointed, lance-like
+weapon which he hurled with a kind of sling. In his belt he carried some
+new sharpened stone knives. He had found a better kind of rock out of
+which to make his knives. It resembled glass and could be brought to a
+fine, keen edge.
+
+Armed thus, he began to have more confidence. He had a strong desire to
+see the footprint again and make up his mind about it. He wished to
+measure it. In this way he could tell certainly whether it was a chance
+print of his own foot or not. So, after a few days, he again ventured
+across the island. Alas, on measuring the print it was much larger than
+his own! There could no longer be any doubt that it belonged to someone
+else.
+
+Again great fear fell on poor Robinson. He shook with cold and fright.
+He resolved to make himself more secure against attack.
+
+He cut and carried willow stakes and set them in a thick hedge around in
+front of his shelter. This was outside the first and enclosed it. In a
+season or two these had grown to such a height as to shut out all view
+of his home from sight to one coming to it from the front.
+
+His flock of goats gave him many troubled thoughts. His goats were his
+greatest treasure. From them he obtained without trouble his meat, his
+milk and butter.
+
+"What if they were discovered and killed or carried away?" He resolved
+to divide his herd into three parts and secrete these in separate fenced
+pastures in different parts of the island. His herd of goats now
+numbered twenty-five. He made thorough search about the island for the
+most secluded and best hidden spots where he could fence in a pasture.
+
+One day as he was exploring on the west side of the island to find
+another open space for a goat field, he thought he spied away out to sea
+a boat. He looked long and anxiously and yet he was not sure that it was
+a boat he saw. But how easy, thought Robinson, for the people of the
+mainland, which must be at no great distance to the westward, to come
+across to this side of the island in fair weather. He thought too, how
+fortunate he was to have been cast on the east side of the island. For
+there he had his shelter in the very safest part.
+
+As he was coming down from a hill where he had gone to get a better view
+of the sea he made another discovery. About him everywhere at the foot
+of the hill were bones of all kinds. Near by too, were charcoal and
+ashes. There could be no mistake, the place was visited by human beings.
+These were very likely savages. Everything showed that they came for the
+purpose of feasting and not for plundering. It was very likely that they
+neither sought anything on the island nor expected it.
+
+[Illustration: WATCHING FOR SAVAGES]
+
+This thought greatly relieved Robinson. He returned home in a very
+thankful and composed state of mind. He had now been on the island
+almost eighteen years and had not been discovered. Yet, no doubt, the
+island had been visited many times by the savages since he had been
+there.
+
+In a short time his fear of discovery wore off and he began to live just
+as he did before his discovery.
+
+He took, however, greater precaution against surprise. He always carried
+his bow and arrows, his lance and knives. He was also very careful about
+making a great smoke from his fire. He burned a great quantity of wood
+in a pit and made charcoal. With this material he had a fine fire with a
+very little smoke. Every day also he went to the top of the hill back of
+his shelter in order to discover if possible the approach of savages.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVI
+
+THE LANDING OF THE SAVAGES
+
+
+Another year passed by, Robinson longed more and more to get away from
+the island. Year after year he had hoped and watched in vain for a
+passing ship. Every day he would scan the waters that held him prisoner
+for the welcome sight of a sail. He had been disappointed. Now his only
+hope was to escape to the mainland in some way. He feared the savages.
+He had heard stories of their being cannibals. But if they could come to
+his island in their canoes against the prevailing wind, why could he not
+get to the mainland with it in his favor?
+
+Strange as it may be, Robinson began to wish for the return of the
+savages. He hoped to watch them at a distance and find out something
+about their customs. More especially he wished that he might capture one
+of them. He had two reasons for this. In the first place he would have a
+companion. He pictured fondly how he would teach him gentle manners and
+the English speech. And, too, the companion would be able to help him.
+Besides this he longed above all to know more of the mainland and
+whether it would be safe to go there. He wanted to find out in what kind
+of boat they made the voyage. He thought that if he had such a person he
+would have someone to show him the way to reach the land.
+
+The more he thought, the more anxious he became to see the savages on
+the island. He thought so much about it by day that he dreamed about it
+at night. One night he dreamed that the savages came, drew their boats
+upon the shore and began to prepare their feast. As he watched them one
+of their number broke away from his fellows and came straight toward his
+hiding-place. Robinson thought he rushed out, drove away those that
+followed the fleeing man and rescued him. This dream made a deep
+impression upon him and made him await the coming of the savages with
+great hopes and eagerness.
+
+It was more than eighteen months after he had formed this plan of
+capturing one of the savages before the savages made their appearance.
+Robinson was surprised one morning to see no less than five canoes drawn
+up on the shore at a point on his side of the island about two miles
+below his shelter, to the south. The people that had come in them were
+on shore and out of sight. Robinson went back to his shelter to make his
+plans. He made up his mind that he would be foolish to attack them.
+There must be twenty-five or thirty of them. He finally went to a point
+where he could see farther inland and soon caught sight of a crowd of
+about thirty savages. They were naked and dancing around and around in a
+circle. All the while they were singing and making hideous noises. There
+was a fire in the center of the ring of savages. "They are cooking their
+feast," thought Robinson. "Maybe I can surprise them while they eat and
+rush in and seize one." But this seemed too great a risk to run. He had
+no weapons but his bow and arrows, his lance and knife. What could he do
+against so great a number?
+
+But fortune favored his plans. As he gazed at them from his safe
+distance he saw one of their number break away from the rest and run
+with utmost speed directly toward his hiding-place. At once two other
+savages pursued him. They had no weapons but clubs. They ran with great
+swiftness, but the man in front was steadily gaining ground.
+
+Robinson now to tell the truth was dreadfully frightened to see the
+savage run directly toward him and his shelter. He kept his place,
+however, and watched the race. The man running away ran along the shore
+and would soon come to the little creek that emptied into the sea below
+his home. Robinson saw that the savage would have to swim this to
+escape. He ran down thither and concealed himself behind a tree and
+waited for the fugitive to come up. As he did so, the fleeing savage
+plunged in and swam across with a few strong strokes. When he was well
+on the bank, Robinson presented himself and made signs to him to come to
+him and he would help him. The savage was at first almost overcome with
+astonishment and fright, for Robinson presented a very unusual sight.
+The savage at once ran to him and fell down at his feet. Indeed so great
+was his fright and distress that he placed one of Robinson's feet upon
+his neck in sign that he yielded up his life into his hands. Robinson
+raised him up and motioned for him to take the lance and help in defence
+against the men, now coming up. They hid behind trees and waited for
+them to swim across the stream. But this they did not do. When they
+reached the creek, they could see nothing of their runaway. They very
+slowly turned and went back to their companions.
+
+Robinson was well content not to let them know that there was any one on
+the island. He feared they might return and destroy his shelter and
+fields.
+
+Robinson took the savage to his shelter and gave him bread and raisins
+to eat, and a cup of water to drink. He was very hungry and ate
+greedily. After he had eaten, Robinson made signs for him to lie down
+and sleep, for the Indian was nearly tired out with his long and swift
+run.
+
+He was a handsome fellow of his race. His limbs were large, straight and
+strong. He had a good face. His hair was long and black, his forehead
+high, and his eyes bright. His skin was not black, but of an olive
+color. His teeth were fine set and as white as ivory.
+
+He slept about an hour; when he awoke he came running to Robinson and
+again made signs to him that he was his slave. "You saved my life," he
+seemed to say, "and now I will serve you." Robinson named him Friday at
+once, for that was the day on which the great event of his escape had
+taken place.
+
+Robinson's next care was to fit him out with some clothing. He had by
+this time several suits made of his coarse cloth. He soon had Friday
+dressed in one of the old ones, with a straw or braided hat on his head.
+He did not think it safe to allow Friday to sleep with him in the bower.
+He made a little tent for him inside the enclosure. This was covered
+with goatskins and made a very good protection from both heat and rain.
+
+Robinson took care to keep all his knives and weapons near him in the
+bower. But his fears that Friday might harm him were unfounded. Friday
+from the first was faithful to his master. He was sweet and obedient in
+all things. He seemed to look upon Robinson with the love of a child for
+its father and never tired of serving him.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVII
+
+ROBINSON AS A TEACHER
+
+(From Robinson's Diary)
+
+
+"I began to consider that having now two mouths to feed instead of one, I
+must provide more ground for my harvest and plant a larger quantity of
+corn than I used to plant. So I marked out a larger piece of land and
+began to fence it in. Friday worked not only very willingly but very
+hard. I told him that it was for corn to make more bread because he was
+now with me. He let me know that he was grateful for my kindness and
+would work much harder if I would tell him what to do.
+
+"This was the pleasantest year of all the life I led in this place.
+Friday began to talk pretty well and understood the names of almost all
+the things that I called for and of all the places which I wished to
+send him. I was careful to teach him all the things I knew. I showed him
+how to plant and harvest corn, how to gather fibre, spin yarn and to
+weave it into cloth. He learned these things quickly and became very
+skillful in making pots. He knew something about this because at home he
+had seen the women make them. He ornamented them with figures of birds
+and flowers. I taught him about the true God. But as for writing he
+could never do much with this. I had no books and could not make him
+understand the importance of writing. He began to talk a great deal to
+me. This delighted me very much. I began to love him exceedingly. He was
+so very honest and faithful.
+
+"After I had taught him English I tried one day to find out whether he
+had any wish to return to his own country and as I talked to him about
+it I saw his face light up with joy and his eye sparkle. From this I had
+no doubt but that Friday would like to be in his own country again. This
+for a time made me sad, to think how eagerly he would leave me to be
+among his savage friends. 'Do you not wish you were back in your own
+country, Friday?' I said to him one day. 'Yes,' he said, 'I be much O
+glad to be back in my country.' 'What would you do there,' said I?
+'Would you turn wild again and do as the savages do?' He shook his head
+and said very gravely, 'No, no, Friday tell them to live good. He tell
+them to plant corn and live like white mans.'
+
+"One day when we were on the top of a hill on the west side of the
+island, Friday suddenly began to jump and dance about in great glee. I
+asked him what the matter was. 'O, joy, O glad,' he said; 'there my
+country!' The air was so clear that from this place, as I had before
+discovered, land could be distinctly seen looking westward.
+
+"I asked him how far it was from our island to his country and whether
+their canoes were ever lost in coming and going. He said that there was
+no danger. No canoes were ever wrecked and that it was easy to get back
+and forth. I asked him many things about his people and country. He told
+me that away to the west of his country there lived 'white mans like
+you.' I thought these must be the people of Central America, and asked
+him how I might come from this island and get among these white men. He
+made me understand that I must have a large boat as big as two canoes.
+
+"I resolved at once to begin to make a boat large enough for us to pass
+over to the land we could see lying to the west and if possible to go on
+to the white man's country Friday told me about. It took us nearly two
+months to make our boat and rig her out with sails, masts, rudder, and
+anchor. We had to weave our sails and twist our rope. We burned out the
+canoe from a large fallen log. We used a great stone tied securely to
+the end of a strong rope for an anchor.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SAILING THE BOAT]
+
+"When we had the boat in the water, Friday showed great skill in rowing
+or paddling it. He had managed boats ever since he was old enough, but
+he did not know how to handle a sail or rudder. He learned very quickly,
+however, to sail and steer the boat and soon was perfectly at home in
+it.
+
+"We made our boat safe by keeping it in the little cove at the mouth of
+the creek. I had Friday to fetch rocks and build a dock or place for
+landing. But the rainy season was now coming on and we must wait for
+fair weather. In the meantime I planned to lay by such quantities of
+food as we would need to take along."
+
+
+
+
+XXXVIII
+
+ANOTHER SHIPWRECK
+
+
+One evening Robinson sat in his shelter thinking of his plans to escape
+to Friday's country. He was sad. For, after all, this place was very
+dear to him. It was the only home he had. Had he not made everything
+with his own hands? It was doubly dear to him on this account. He
+thought how it would grieve him to leave his goats, his fields, and the
+many comforts he had here.
+
+He had been telling Friday of his home in New York. He told him of the
+great city, and of its many wonderful sights. He told him of his country
+and people, of his flag and its history. All these things brought back
+memories of his boyhood and he wondered what changes had come in his
+long absence. Friday, with wonderful intelligence, listened to all
+Robinson told him. He was delighted in hearing Robinson tell of the
+wonders of the great world, for he had never known anything about it. As
+they talked Robinson noticed the approach of a storm. The sky was
+getting black with clouds. The winds were blowing a hurricane. The waves
+were coming in mountain high. It reminded him of the eventful night now
+twenty-five years ago when his ship was tossed up on the shore like an
+egg shell and broken to pieces.
+
+Suddenly there was a sound that made Robinson start from his seat with
+the wildest alarm. Was it the sound of a cannon from the ocean or the
+terrible crash and roar of the water on the rocks of the coast? There it
+is again; it is a cannon! Some ship is in distress! This is its signal!
+Robinson ran out and down to the shore with Friday at his heels.
+
+"O master!" said Friday, "can we not help? If they only knew the island
+was here and how to steer into the harbor beyond the point of land on
+the south."
+
+Robinson was so excited that he scarcely knew what he was doing. He ran
+up and down the shore calling wildly, but the awful roar of the sea and
+wind drowned his cries. Suddenly his thoughts came to him. "Quick,
+Friday, get some fire in a pot. We will run to the point, gather grass
+and wood, and make a fire there. Maybe we can guide them into the
+harbor."
+
+They soon had a great beacon light sending its welcome greeting far over
+the sea. The pilot of the ship saw it and steered his ship nearer and
+nearer. Robinson was ready to shout for joy as the ship seemed about to
+make the harbor. The ship had her sails torn in shreds and her rudder
+broken. It was hard to steer her in such a gale. On rounding the point,
+she was blown on the rocks. With a frightful crash which could be heard
+above the din of the storm she struck and held fast. Robinson could hear
+the cries of the men and the orders of the officers. They were trying to
+get boats ready to put off, but such was the confusion of the storm and
+the enormous waves breaking over the deck that it could not be done
+quickly. Before the men could get a boat into the sea, and get into it,
+the ship gave a lurch to one side as though about to sink. All the men
+jumped for one boat. It was overburdened. The wind tossed it about. The
+sea soon filled it and it went down and all were lost.
+
+Robinson and Friday remained on the shore all night. They watched to see
+if they could not help some poor sailor that might cling to a plank and
+be blown on shore. They saw no one.
+
+At last they lay down, but they could not sleep. Many times they sprang
+up and ran about for fear that some poor fellow would need their help.
+At last morning came. The storm ceased. Robinson and Friday searched
+everywhere for the bodies of the sailors, but could find none. But the
+wind had blown the ship in plain view, and into shallow waters. It was
+lying on the bottom with more than half its bulk out of the water. The
+masts were gone. It was a sad sight. No human being could be seen on it.
+
+They were now rejoiced that they had their boat ready. "Let us take it,"
+said Robinson "and go out to the ship. It may be some person is still on
+the unfortunate ship." They were soon by the ship's side. They rowed
+around it until they saw a rope hanging down from the deck. Robinson
+seized this and clambered up. Friday tied the boat fast, and followed.
+Robinson opened the door leading from the deck into the ship and went
+down. He searched in all the cabins, and knocked at all the doors. He
+called, but all was still. When he was satisfied that every person on
+board had been drowned he wept bitterly.
+
+Friday stood there with open and staring eyes. He looked and looked. He
+was astonished at the large ship and at the wonderful things before him.
+They were in the cabin where the passengers had been. There stood
+trunks under the benches and clothes hung on the hooks on the wall. One
+trunk was open. In it were telescopes through which the travelers had
+looked at the land. Robinson saw also paper, pens, pen-holders and ink.
+Books were also near by. Robinson first took a thick book. It was the
+Bible, out of which his mother had so often taught him. Then they came
+to the sailors' cabin. There hung muskets and swords and bags of shot
+and cartridges. Then they went to the work-room. There were saws,
+hammers, spades, shovels, chisels, nails, bottles, and pails, knives and
+forks. And something more, over which Robinson was most glad, matches.
+At last they came into the store-room. There lay bags of flour and
+barley, teas, lentils, beans and sugar. Then Robinson embraced Friday in
+his great joy and said to him, "How rich we are!"
+
+
+
+
+XXXIX
+
+SAVING THINGS FROM THE SHIP
+
+
+After Robinson had looked through the ship he began to plan the way to
+get the tools and things he most wanted on shore. He and Friday first
+carried everything together that he wanted to take on shore. When they
+had done this, he found he had the following things. Robinson stood
+everything together that he needed most.
+
+    1. A case of nails and screws.
+    2. Two iron axes and several hatchets.
+    3. A saw.
+    4. A small case of planes, tongs, augers, files, chisels, etc.
+    5. A third case with iron brackets, hooks, hinges, etc.
+    6. A case of matches.
+    7. A barrel of gunpowder.
+    8. Two muskets and a pistol.
+    9. Several swords.
+    10. A bag of cartridges.
+    11. A large sail cloth and some rope.
+    12. A telescope.
+
+By means of the ship's ropes, Robinson let everything down into his
+boat. He himself took the Bible and then they rowed to the shore, and
+unloaded the boat. Everything was put into the bower where rain could
+not harm it. By the time they had this done, night was coming on and
+they decided to do no more that day, but wait until the next day.
+
+"We must work fast," said Robinson. "The first storm is likely to break
+the ship in pieces and destroy everything in it."
+
+The next morning early they ate a hastily prepared breakfast and were
+off to the boat. Neither Robinson nor Friday stopped for their noonday
+lunch. "A storm is brewing," said Robinson, "the air is calm, the sky is
+overcast with clouds, the heat is oppressive. We must hurry." With the
+utmost diligence they rowed back and forth all day. They made nine
+trips. They had now on shore a surprising quantity of all kinds of
+tools, goods and weapons. They had all kinds of ware to use in the
+kitchen, clothes, and food. Robinson prized a little four-wheeled wagon
+and a whetstone.
+
+But in looking over his stores, Robinson suddenly discovered that he had
+no needles or thread. They went at once to procure these important
+articles. In looking for needles and thread, Robinson found a small
+trunk full of money and valuable stones. There were diamonds, rubies,
+pearls, and much gold. Robinson pushed it to one side. "What can I do
+with riches on this island? I would give them all for some needles and
+thread," he said to Friday. But on second thought he took the trunk and
+its contents along with him to his cave. For in the trunk were also
+letters and writings. "Perhaps," he said, "these tell to whom the
+valuables belong and I can return them some time."
+
+Robinson at last found a case containing everything one could need with
+which to cut and sew cloth. There were scissors, thread, needles,
+thimbles, tapes, and buttons. But now the wind was rising and they must
+hurry. They were nearly ready for departure. They were passing through a
+part of the ship not before visited. They were surprised to hear a sound
+coming from a room whose door was kept shut by a heap of stuff that had
+been thrown against it by the violent pitching of the ship in the storm.
+Robinson and Friday cleared away the rubbish and were surprised to find
+a dog almost drowned. He was so weak from want of food that his cries
+could be heard a short distance only. Robinson took him tenderly in his
+arms and carried him to the boat, while Friday carried the sewing case
+and the trunk.
+
+The wind was now blowing a gale. A few yards from the ship they were in
+great danger. Robinson grasped the rudder and made Friday stand ready to
+cut away the mast in case they found the wind too strong. With the
+greatest difficulty they finally made the little cove at the mouth of
+the creek and were soon landed with their precious cargo. The next
+morning they eagerly searched the waters for the ship. Not even their
+field glasses could reveal anything of it. Some planks, a mast, and
+parts of a small boat were blown on shore. All else had disappeared.
+
+Robinson set to work at once to make a door for his bower out of the
+pine wood cast up by the waves. How easy the work proceeded with saws,
+hammers, augers, squares, planes, nails, hinges, and screws! With the
+wagon too, Friday could now gather his corn quickly and easily, or haul
+in a great quantity of grapes to dry for raisins.
+
+Friday had never seen a gun. He did not know the use of firearms. The
+muskets that Robinson had brought from the ship were a great mystery to
+him. Robinson showed him their use. He showed how they could defend
+themselves. He told Friday that these weapons would kill at a distance.
+He took some powder and touched a match to it. Friday was greatly
+frightened.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON SHOWING FRIDAY HOW TO SHOOT]
+
+Robinson then proceeded to load the gun. He put in some powder, a ball
+of lead or bullet. Then at the hammer he placed a little cap which gave
+a flash when struck. This ignited the powder. When all was in readiness
+Robinson bade Friday follow him. They went slowly out into the forest
+along the stream. Soon Robinson espied a rabbit sitting under a clump of
+grass. Robinson raised his gun, took careful aim, pressed the trigger.
+There was a flash and loud report and there lay the rabbit dead. But
+Friday, too, was lying on the ground. He had fainted from astonishment
+and fright. Robinson dropped his gun and raised the poor fellow up to a
+sitting position. He quickly recovered. He ran to get the rabbit. He
+examined it carefully. Robinson at last pointed out the hole the bullet
+had made and the mystery of the way the rabbit was killed was solved.
+
+Robinson had lived alone so long that he had learned to love every
+living creature on the island. He never harmed anything except when he
+needed food. He had lived so quietly that the birds and animals did not
+fear him. They lived near his shelter and seemed to know him.
+
+Robinson was delighted with his new tools and weapons. But they reminded
+him of home. Nothing that he had seen in all the time he had been on the
+island so turned his thoughts toward home and friends. Robinson would
+sit for hours thinking of the past and making plans for the future. He
+was homesick.
+
+
+
+
+XL
+
+THE RETURN OF THE SAVAGES
+
+
+Robinson now renewed his plans for escaping from the island to Friday's
+country. They first rebuilt their boat with their new tools. They
+hollowed out the center till the sides were thin toward the top. They
+shaped her sides and keel. They made her prow sharp so that she would
+cut the water easily. They made a new mast, strong and tall and shapely.
+They made larger and stronger sails and ropes. They made two pairs of
+extra oars. They made boxes and cupboards in the prow and stern for
+keeping their fresh water and provisions. Friday's eyes sparkled with
+joy when it was done. He hoped he would now be able to return to his own
+island and parents. Robinson noticed his joy and asked him, "Do you want
+to return to your own people?"
+
+"Yes," said Friday, "very much."
+
+"Would you trust yourself in this boat?"
+
+"Yes," said Friday.
+
+"Very well," said his master, "you may have it and start home when you
+please." "Yes, Master, but you come too, my people will not hurt you."
+Robinson resolved to venture over to Friday's land with him.
+
+But before their preparations were complete the rainy season of our fall
+set in. They resolved to wait until the weather was settled and as soon
+as the rainy season was over to set out. They ran their boat well up
+into the creek and covered it over with a large tarpaulin made of
+sail-cloth obtained from the ship.
+
+Robinson had now been on the island twenty-seven years. For the last
+three years he had lived happily with his companion Friday. Every year
+in September, Robinson celebrated the day his life was saved and he was
+thrown up on the island. Robinson celebrated it this year with more than
+the usual thankfulness. He thought that it would be his last anniversary
+on the island.
+
+One morning, Friday had gone to the beach to find a turtle. Soon he came
+running back out of breath. "O Master," he cried, "they are coming, they
+are coming to take me prisoner!" He was trembling with fright.
+
+"We must take our guns and defend ourselves," said Robinson. "But we
+will not kill anyone unless they attack us." This quieted Friday. They
+loaded four muskets and three pistols. Robinson put the pistols in his
+belt, where he also fastened a sword. He gave Friday a pistol and a
+musket, for Friday had learned to shoot well. Besides Friday carried a
+bag of powder and bullets. Robinson took his field glasses and saw
+twenty-one savages with two prisoners. The prisoners were bound and
+lying on the ground. This was a war party celebrating a victory with a
+feast. They probably intended to kill their prisoners. "We must save the
+lives of those men," said Robinson.
+
+The savages this time had landed quite near Robinson's shelter, not more
+than a half mile below the creek's mouth. Soon he and Friday started
+off. Robinson commanded Friday to follow quietly and not to speak or
+shoot.
+
+"We will surprise them and give them a good scare," said Robinson.
+
+When yet a considerable distance away they could hear the savages
+yelling and screaming. Some of them were dancing their war dance. Their
+faces and bodies were painted to make them look terrible to their
+enemies. They were dancing around their prisoners with hideous cries and
+gestures. They could now see the prisoners plainly. One had a beard and
+was plainly a white man. Robinson was surprised and determined to save
+him at all risks.
+
+"Get your gun ready to fire," he said to Friday, "and when I say the
+word let us run forward yelling and firing our guns over their heads.
+This will fill them with such fright that they will take to their heels
+and boats and get away as soon as possible. In the scramble and
+confusion we will rush in and rescue the prisoners."
+
+This plan did not please Friday at all. His savage blood was up and he
+wanted to kill all he could. "Let's fire on them," he said. "Let's kill
+all but the prisoners."
+
+"No, no," said Robinson, "it's always wrong to take life unless it
+cannot be avoided to save one's own. Let's try my plan first."
+
+With great reluctance Friday consented. At a signal from Robinson they
+rushed forward, and when in plain sight they fired off their muskets in
+the air. If the ground had suddenly exploded beneath their feet there
+could have been no more confusion, astonishment, and fright. A few took
+to their heels. Others lay as if dead. They had swooned from fright. But
+as Robinson came up they jumped to their feet and pushed into the boats,
+leaving the prisoners behind. Robinson and Friday still rushed forward
+and fired their remaining loaded guns and pistols in the air. The
+savages made all haste to get into their boats and push off. Soon they
+were well out to sea, paddling rapidly for the west. Robinson reloaded
+his arms and gave them a farewell volley, but not a soul was killed or
+even wounded. This gave Robinson great pleasure. He had accomplished his
+purpose without bloodshed.
+
+They could now turn to the prisoners. Robinson ran back to them and
+quickly cut their ropes. Robinson asked the white man who he was, but
+the man was too weak to answer. Robinson gave him a piece of bread.
+
+The fear of death being removed, the white man soon grew stronger. When
+Friday came running back from watching the boats and saw the savage that
+had been a prisoner he gave a loud yell. He threw his arms around the
+man, kissed him and laughed and cried for joy. He put his head on his
+breast and hugged him again and again. Robinson was greatly surprised
+and puzzled. He asked Friday what his actions meant. But so intent was
+Friday that he got no answer.
+
+At last Friday recovered far enough from his great joy to say with face
+beaming with delight, "O, Master, this man is my dear father." They at
+once began a long conversation, each one told his story. Suddenly Friday
+jumped up and said, "How foolish I am, I have not thought to give my
+father anything to eat and drink. He must be nearly starved." And away
+he ran toward the shelter and was soon back with food and water to
+drink.
+
+[Illustration: FRIDAY AND HIS FATHER]
+
+Robinson learned through Friday from his father that the white man was a
+Spaniard, that he had been captured by the tribe that had a battle with
+Friday's people. The Spaniard was one of sixteen men that had been saved
+by Friday's people from a wrecked ship. So weak were the prisoners that
+they could not walk to the shelter. Robinson and Friday made a litter
+and carried them one after the other. When once there, Friday prepared
+some rich rice soup. The prisoners ate heartily and in a few days were
+strong enough to go about the island.
+
+
+
+
+XLI
+
+DELIVERANCE AT LAST
+
+
+Friday had not forgotten the plan for going to his home. He would often
+mention it and spent hours talking about it during the long rainy
+season. But now that the Spaniard and Friday's father had come into the
+family, Robinson felt he must change his plans a little. He felt very
+sorry for the Spaniards left in Friday's country. They did not have
+enough to eat and were sick and sad besides. He talked the matter over
+with the Spaniard many times. They at last planned to send for them. The
+Spaniard and Friday's father were to go. Robinson was for doing it at
+once. But the Spaniard advised delay. "How can we get food for ourselves
+and fifteen others? Your small store will soon be used up," he argued.
+Robinson at last saw that this difficulty must be overcome. There was
+just one thing to do, and this, to delay their departure until a new
+crop of corn could be raised. This would take six months.
+
+But at it they went. The four men could do much and work fast. They
+cleared more ground and planted all the seed corn they could spare from
+their store. Besides this they sowed about twelve bushels of barley they
+had gotten in the ship.
+
+The care for so much crop, its harvesting and storing away, kept them
+very busy for the season. Robinson not only did this, but also increased
+his flock of goats by catching kids and putting them in his pasture. He
+gathered, too, all the grapes he could and dried them on the branches of
+trees.
+
+At the end of the harvesting season, they made ready their boat. They
+filled it with all the bread it could well carry. They put in raisins
+and fresh water. Robinson gave the Spaniard and Friday's father each a
+musket and plenty of powder and bullets. Now, all was ready. Friday gave
+his father a loving farewell. He stretched out his arms towards him as
+the boat moved away. The Spaniard and Robinson waved their hats and they
+were off.
+
+They promised to be back in eight or nine days. Robinson and Friday made
+every preparation to receive the guests. They were to have a home not
+far from Robinson's built of poles, and thatched with the long marsh
+grasses, like Robinson's bower. There was no need of hiding or
+defending it. It did not take long to fix it up.
+
+Eight days had now passed since the boat had left. Friday could hardly
+restrain himself longer. He watched the ocean all the time. He would go
+to the top of the hill with the field glasses every hour during the day
+to catch a first glimpse of them.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SEE A SHIP]
+
+On the ninth day, as Friday put up his glasses to search the waters he
+dropped them with a yell of surprise. He tore down the hill with the
+utmost speed and rushed up to Robinson as one gone mad. "Look, look, O
+Master!" he cried, "a big ship; a big ship way out on the sea!" Robinson
+took the glasses, and sure enough, there within hailing distance was a
+large ocean going vessel. Robinson was overcome with excitement.
+
+For twenty-eight years his aching eyes had scanned the waters for this
+welcome sight. His joy was boundless. The ship looked like an American.
+Yes, there floated the American flag! How welcome a sight to Robinson.
+He could not utter a word. Tears filled his eyes and streamed down his
+cheeks. He would soon have news from home. He ran to the shore and shot
+off a gun to attract the attention of those on board. He heard answering
+shots at once.
+
+Soon a boat was lowered and in it three men rowed toward the shore. It
+was the captain himself and two sailors. The captain was astonished to
+find a man in the lonely island. Robinson told how it all had happened
+and how he would like to return home. To his unspeakable delight the
+captain told him that the ship was bound for New York and would take him
+along free of charge, but he must leave that day. The ship could not be
+delayed any longer. Of course Robinson would go. Friday was beside
+himself with grief. He did not want to be left behind alone. He did not
+know that the Spaniards would ever return. Something might happen to
+them on the sea. But before the eventful day the Spaniards landed. They
+brought word that Friday's father had died after his return home. Friday
+was thrown into a fit of grief at the news. He wept and repeated over
+and over his praise of the good man.
+
+
+
+
+XLII
+
+ROBINSON AT HOME
+
+
+It was with a sad heart that Robinson made ready to leave. Every
+familiar place seemed now doubly dear to him. He went from one to
+another with tears in his eyes. Here lay his home. Here were his fields,
+his crops and his goats. Everything was the work of his own hands. He
+had made them all. Which should he take? He hesitated long. He must take
+home some of his belongings to show the people at home. And there were
+his parrot and the dog which had won a place in Robinson's heart. He
+decided to take them along. At length he got together his diary, his
+parasol, his Bible, his treasures, a suit of clothes, his dog, and a
+hat. He had saved, too, his bow and arrows. These he decided to take
+along. Everything else he gave to his good man Friday and the Spaniard
+who wished to be allowed to remain on the island.
+
+[Illustration: ROBINSON LEAVING THE ISLAND]
+
+Robinson kissed Friday tenderly. He with great effort finally tore
+himself away and ran to the shore where the ship's boat awaited him. But
+Robinson had not counted on the strength of Friday's love for him.
+Robinson's boat had not yet reached the ship when Friday sprang into the
+water and swam after him shouting, "Master, take me with you, I would
+rather die than stay here without you." Robinson was touched at the
+devotion showed by the faithful Friday, and gave orders to turn the
+boat back, and take him on board. The anchor was raised. The ship
+started on her way to the home Robinson had left so long ago.
+
+The wind was favorable and in seven weeks the spires and buildings of
+his native city were in sight. His vessel came slowly up to the wharf
+where he had taken ship so many years ago. Here, too, he had played and
+idled his time away. He remembered it all. His idleness and playing
+truant came back in sad memories. Before Robinson and Friday landed,
+their good friend the captain gave them each a new suit of clothes.
+
+Everything had changed. He scarcely knew the place. He was astonished
+and confused by the din, hurry and bustle of a great city. Friday seemed
+dazed by it all and clung to Robinson's side. The buildings were so
+tall, the street cars, the carriages were different. Everywhere there
+were iron machines, casting out smoke, puffing and running about on iron
+rails. Robinson had never seen these.
+
+Robinson, however, did not stop to admire; he pushed on to a certain
+street and house where lived his parents at the time of his departure.
+It was with difficulty that he found the place. It was now in the heart
+of the city. Upon inquiry he found, after much searching, that his
+father had removed his store and home to another part of the city, his
+mother had died of grief for her disobedient son. Robinson was sorely
+grieved at this. He had hoped to see her and tell her how sorry he was
+that he had caused her so much anxiety and sorrow.
+
+When he had found the place where his father lived he stole quietly up
+to the house and opened the door. His father, now a gray-haired man,
+bent with age and sorrow, was sitting in his arm-chair reading.
+
+Robinson came forward, but his father did not recognize him. "Who are
+you?" he said. "I am Robinson, your long-lost son." He knelt by his
+father's side and asked forgiveness for all the trouble he had caused.
+His father was overcome. He could not speak. He drew Robinson with
+feeble hands to his breast. "My son, I forgive you," he said.
+
+Robinson's boyhood friends heard of his strange return. They had thought
+him dead long ago. They never tired of hearing him tell his strange
+story. They pitied him in his misfortune. But Robinson told them that it
+all happened to him because he was idle and disobedient in his youth.
+
+Robinson at once relieved his father at the store. The business
+thrived. His father died. He soon had a home of his own with a happy
+family. Friday, the dog, and the parrot lived in it, dearly beloved and
+cared for by their master the rest of their days. In the home there is a
+young Robinson who loves to hear his father read from his diary of the
+wonderful things that happened on the island.
+
+Robinson tried many times to find the rightful owner of the gold and
+jewels, but never succeeded. At last he gave them to a school where boys
+with idle habits were taught to lead useful and industrious lives.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's An American Robinson Crusoe, by Samuel. B. Allison
+
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