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diff --git a/21843-h/21843-h.htm b/21843-h/21843-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4d001f --- /dev/null +++ b/21843-h/21843-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2790 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Botanical Magazine, Vol. VI. by William Curtis. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + div.centered {text-align: center;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 1 */ + div.centered table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 2 */ + + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + img {border: 0;} + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .blockquot {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 10%; text-indent: -10%;} + + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 6, by William Curtis + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 6 + Or, Flower-Garden Displayed + +Author: William Curtis + +Release Date: June 15, 2007 [EBook #21843] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 6 *** + + + + +Produced by Jason Isbell, Janet Blenkinship and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file made using scans of public domain works at the +University of Georgia.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<h3>THE</h3> + +<h2><span class="smcap">Botanical Magazine</span>;</h2> + +<h3>OR,</h3> + +<h2><span class="smcap">Flower-Garden Displayed:</span></h2> + +<h4>IN WHICH</h4> + +<p class='center'>The most Ornamental <span class="smcap">Foreign Plants</span>, cultivated in the Open +Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are accurately represented in +their natural Colours.</p> + +<h4>TO WHICH ARE ADDED,</h4> + +<p class='center'>Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according to +the celebrated <span class="smcap">Linnæus</span>; their Places of Growth, and Times of +Flowering:</p> + +<h4>TOGETHER WITH</h4> + +<h3>THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.</h3> + +<h3>A WORK</h3> + +<p class='center'>Intended for the Use of such <span class="smcap">Ladies, Gentlemen</span>, and +<span class="smcap">Gardeners</span>, as wish to become scientifically acquainted with the +Plants they cultivate.</p> + +<h2>By <i>WILLIAM CURTIS</i>,</h2> + +<p class='center'>Author of the <span class="smcap">Flora Londinensis</span>.</p> + +<h3>VOL. VI.</h3> +<p><br /></p> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Poem"> +<tr><td align='left'>———————"nor thou disdain</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>To check the lawless riot of the trees,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>To plant the grove, or turn the barren mould</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Oh happy he, whom, when his years decline,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>(His fortune and his fame by worthy means</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Attain'd, and equal to his mod'rate mind;</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>His life approv'd by all the wise and good,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Even envy'd by the vain) the peaceful groves</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Of Epicurus, from this stormy world</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hereine in rest; of all ungrateful cares</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Absolv'd, and sacred from the selfish crowd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Happiest of men I if the same soil invites</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A chosen few, companions of his youth,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Once fellow-rakes perhaps now rural friends;</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>With whom in easy commerce to pursue</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Nature's free charms, and vie for Sylvan fame</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A fair ambition; void of strife, or guile,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Or jealousy, or pain to be outdone.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Who plans th'enchanted garden, who directs</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>The visto best, and best conducts the stream;</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Whose groves the fastest thicken, and ascend;</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Whom first the welcome spring salutes; who shews</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>The earliest bloom, the sweetest proudest charms</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Of Flora; who best gives Pomona's juice</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>To match the sprightly genius of Champain."</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><span style="margin-left: 10em;">ARMSTRONG.</span></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class='center'><i>LONDON</i>:</p> + +<p class='center'>Printed by <span class="smcap">Couchman</span> and <span class="smcap">Fry</span>, Throgmorton-Street. For +W. CURTIS, No 3, <i>St. George's-Crescent</i>, Black-Friars-Road; And Sold by +the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.</p> + +<p class='center'>M DCC XCIII.</p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><br /><br />CONTENTS</h2> + + +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" width="50%" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents"> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Colutea_Frutescens">[181]—<span class="smcap">Colutea Frutescens.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Salvia_Aurea">[182]—<span class="smcap">Salvia Aurea.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Syringa_Vulgaris">[183]—<span class="smcap">Syringa Vulgaris.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Ixia_Crocata">[184]—<span class="smcap">Ixia Crocata.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Coronilla_Valentina">[185]—<span class="smcap">Coronilla Valentina.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Selago_Ovata">[186]—<span class="smcap">Selago Ovata.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Iris_Sambucina">[187]—<span class="smcap">Iris Sambucina.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Convolvulus_Nil">[188]—<span class="smcap">Convolvulus Nil.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Erica_Grandiflora">[189]—<span class="smcap">Erica Grandiflora.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Ornithogalum_Aureum">[190]—<span class="smcap">Ornithogalum Aureum.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Primula_Marginata">[191]—<span class="smcap">Primula Marginata.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Cypripedium_Acaule">[192]—<span class="smcap">Cypripedium Acaule.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Narcissus_Angustifolius">[193]—<span class="smcap">Narcissus Angustifolius.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Fritillaria_Imperialis">[194]—<span class="smcap">Fritillaria Imperialis.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Cheiranthus_Mutabilis">[195]—<span class="smcap">Cheiranthus Mutabilis.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Saxifraga_Crassifolia">[196]—<span class="smcap">Saxifraga Crassifolia.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Narcissus_Biflorus">[197]—<span class="smcap">Narcissus Biflorus.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Indigofera_Candicans">[198]—<span class="smcap">Indigofera Candicans.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Aster_Alpinus">[199]—<span class="smcap">Aster Alpinus.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Antirrhinum_Sparteum">[200]—<span class="smcap">Antirrhinum Sparteum.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Pelargonium_Bicolor">[201]—<span class="smcap">Pelargonium Bicolor.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Lupinus_Perennis">[202]—<span class="smcap">Lupinus Perennis.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Geranium_Angulatum">[203]—<span class="smcap">Geranium Angulatum.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Ranunculus_Aconitifolius">[204]—<span class="smcap">Ranunculus Aconitifolius.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Antirrhinum_Alpinum">[205]—<span class="smcap">Antirrhinum Alpinum.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Geranium_Anemonefolium">[206]—<span class="smcap">Geranium Anemonefolium.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Dianthus_Barbatus">[207]—<span class="smcap">Dianthus Barbatus.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Melissa_Grandiflora">[208]—<span class="smcap">Melissa Grandiflora.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Hibiscus_Trionum">[209]—<span class="smcap">Hibiscus Trionum.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Celsia_Linearis">[210]—<span class="smcap">Celsia Linearis.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Sedum_Populifolium">[211]—<span class="smcap">Sedum Populifolium.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Tanacetum_Flabelliforme">[212]—<span class="smcap">Tanacetum Flabelliforme.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Polygonum_Orientale">[213]—<span class="smcap">Polygonum Orientale.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Dracocephalum_Denticulatum">[214]—<span class="smcap">Dracocephalum Denticulatum.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Ranunculus_Acris">[215]—<span class="smcap">Ranunculus Acris Flore Pleno.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#Cypripedium_Album">[216]—<span class="smcap">Cypripedium Album.</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#INDEX">INDEX.—Latin Names</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#INDEXB">INDEX.—English Names</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><br /><br /></p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[181]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Colutea_Frutescens" id="Colutea_Frutescens"></a><span class="smcap">Colutea Frutescens. Scarlet Bladder Senna.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Diadelphia Decandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-fidus. <i>Legumen</i> inflatum, basi superiore dehiscens.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>COLUTEA <i>frutescens</i> fruticosa, foliolis ovato-oblongis. <i>Linn. +Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr, p. 668.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3. p. +56.</i> <i>Mill. Icon. 99.</i></p> + +<p>COLUTEA æthiopica, flore purpureo. <i>Breyn. Cent. 70. t. 29.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img181.jpg"><img + src="images/img181-tb.jpg" width="218" height="400" + alt="No 181." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>181. + </div> + +<p>Of the several species of Colutea cultivated in our garden the one here +figured, is distinguished by the brilliancy of its' flowers, the +largeness of its pods, and the downy appearance of the under side of its +leaves.</p> + +<p>It appears from the <i>Hortus Kewensis</i> to have been cultivated by Mr. +<span class="smcap">James Sutherland</span> as long since as the year 1683 it was not however +generally introduced to our gardens till the time of <span class="smcap">Miller</span>, who figured +it in his <i>Icones</i>, it was then understood to be an Æthiopian plant; Mr. +<span class="smcap">Aiton</span> since describes it as a native of the Cape also; of course, we +find it more tender than most of its kindred, and hence it is usually +regarded as a greenhouse plant; yet, as it is not destroyed by a small +degree of frost, it will frequently, like the myrtle survive a mild +winter in the open border, especially if trained to a wall: it is rarely +of more than two or three years duration.</p> + +<p>It is readily raised from seeds sown in the open ground, plants from +which flower the August following, and, in favourable seasons, ripen +their seeds; in order, however, that they may ripen them with more +certainty, <span class="smcap">Miller</span>, recommends the sowing them early on a gentle hot-bed.</p> + +<p>A dry soil suits this species best.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[182]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Salvia_Aurea" id="Salvia_Aurea"></a><span class="smcap">Salvia Aurea. Golden Sage</span>.</p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class And Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Decandria Monogynia</span>.</p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cor.</i> inæqualis. <i>Filamenta</i> transverse pedicello affixa.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>SALVIA <i>aurea</i> foliis subrotundis integerrimis, basi truncatis +dentatis. <i>Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14. Murr. p. 71.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. +Kew. V. 1. p. 45.</i></p> + +<p>SALVIA <i>Africana</i> frutescens folio subrotundo glauco, flore magno +aureo. <i>Comm. Hort. 2. 183. t. 92.</i></p></div> + + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img182.jpg"><img + src="images/img182-tb.jpg" width="289" height="400" + alt="No 182." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>182. + </div> + +<p>Such as are delighted with the singular rather than the beautiful +appearances of plants, cannot fail of ranking the present species of +sage among their favourites.</p> + +<p>It been called <i>aurea</i>, from the colour of its flowers, <i>ferruginea</i> +would perhaps have been more expressive of them; when they first open +indeed they are of a yellow colour, but they quickly and constantly +become of the colour of rusty iron.</p> + +<p>The leaves are nearly round, and have a pleasing silvery hue: a few of +them only, and those chiefly at the extremities of the young shoots, are +of the form described by <span class="smcap">Linnæus</span> in his specific character of the plant, +and hence <span class="smcap">Commelin's</span> description (<i>vid. Syn.</i>) is to be preferred, as +leading us with more certainty to a knowledge of the plant; the colour +of the leaves, the colour and unusual magnitude of the blossoms, are +indisputably the most striking features of the species, and therefore to +be resorted to: for my own part, as a friend to the advancement of the +science, rather than as the follower of that great man, I see no good +reason why colour should not in many instances, especially where +expressive characters are wanting, form a part of the specific character +in plants, as well as in animals: we are told indeed of its inconstancy. +I would ask—who ever saw the colour of the leaves or blossoms of the +present plant to vary? and, on the contrary, who ever saw its leaves +constant in their form?</p> + +<p>The <i>Salvia aurea</i> is a native of the Cape, and was cultivated by Mr. +<span class="smcap">Miller</span> in 1731, it is a hardy greenhouse plant, is readily propagated by +cuttings, and flowers from May to November.</p> + +<p>If suffered to grow, it will become a shrub of the height of six or +seven feet.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[183]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Syringa_Vulgaris"></a><span class="smcap">Syringa Vulgaris. Common Lilac.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Diandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cor.</i> 4-fida. <i>Capsula</i> bilocularis.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>SYRINGA <i>vulgaris</i> foliis ovato-cordatis integris. <i>Linn. Syst. +Veget. ed. 14. Murr. p. 57.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 1. p. 15.</i></p> + +<p>SYRINGA cærulea, <i>Bauh. Pin. 398.</i></p> + +<p>LILAC sive Syringa cærulea. The blew Pipe tree. <i>Park. Parad. p. +407.</i></p></div> + + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img183.jpg"><img + src="images/img183-tb.jpg" width="260" height="400" + alt="No 183." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>183.</div> + + + +<p>Few shrubs are better known in this country than the Lilac few more +universally cultivated; there is scarcely a cottage it does not enliven, +or a shrubbery it does not beautify.</p> + +<p>It has long had a place in our gardens; both <span class="smcap">Gerard</span> and <span class="smcap">Parkinson</span> +describe two sorts, the blue and the white; to these another sort is +added by more modern writers, superior in beauty to the original, as +producing larger bunches of flowers, of a brighter hue, having more of +the purple tint and hence called by some the purple Lilac, <span class="smcap">Miller</span> +considers the three as different species.</p> + +<p>The flowers of the Lilac possess a considerable degree of fragrance, but +not of the most agreeable kind; our readers perhaps, will not be +displeased to hear the opinion of old <span class="smcap">Gerard</span> on this point, delivered in +his own words:—"They have a pleasant sweete smell, but in my judgement +they are too sweete, troubling and molesting the head in very strange +manner: I once gathered the flowers, and laid them in my chamber window, +which smelled more strongly after they had lien together a few howers, +with such a ponticke and unacquainted savor, that they awaked me from +sleepe, so that I could not take any rest until I had cast them out of +my chamber."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p> + +<p>Though a native of Persia, it bears our severest winters without injury, +has a pleasing appearance when in bud, flowers in May, and is readily +propagated by suckers; but finer plants, in the opinion of <span class="smcap">Miller</span>, are +raised from seeds.</p> + +<p>It will grow in almost any soil or situation, even in London, but, to +flower well, it must have a pure air.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[184]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Ixia_Crocata"></a><span class="smcap">Ixia Crocata. Saffron-colour'd Ixia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Triandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cor.</i> 6-partita, campanulata, regularis. <i>Stigmata</i> 3.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>IXIA <i>crocata</i> foliis ensiformibus, floribus secundis corolia +basi hyalino-fenestratis. <i>Thunb. Diss. de Ixia.</i> <i>Linn. Syst. Veg. +ed. 14. Murr. p. 85.</i></p> + +<p>IXIA <i>crocata</i> foliis ensiformibus, floribus alternis, tubo +longitudine bractearum, corollæ laminis ovatis integerrimis basi +hyalinis. <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 60. V. 1.</i></p> + +<p>IXIA planifolia, caule multifloro spatha brevissima. <i>Mill. Ic. +160. t. 239. f. 2.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img184.jpg"><img + src="images/img184-tb.jpg" width="260" height="400" + alt="No 184." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>184.</div> + + +<p>To the Cape of Good Hope, that never-failing source of rare and +beautiful plants, we are indebted for most of our Ixias, and among +others for the present species, which though not of that value, nor +possessing the delicacy or fragrance of the blossoms of some others, is +a very desirable plant, not only as an object of curiosity, from the +transparency of the base of the corolla, but as it adds much to the +brilliancy of a collection, is easily obtained, and as easily +propagated.</p> + +<p>It flowers in May and June, but its flowering may be prolonged by +putting its bulbs into pots at different periods, or accelerated by +artificial heat.</p> + +<p>It produces offsets more plentifully than many of the genus.</p> + +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> informs us that it was cultivated by Mr. <span class="smcap">Miller</span> in 1758, who +figures it in his <i>Icones</i>.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<h2>[185]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Coronilla_Valentina"></a><span class="smcap">Coronilla Valentina. Rue-leaved Coronilla.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Diadelphia Decandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 2-labiatus: 2/3: dentibus superioribus connatis. <i>Vexillum</i> +vix alis longius. <i>Legumen</i> isthmis interceptum.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>CORONILLA <i>valentina</i> fruticosa, foliolis subnovenis, stipulis +suborbiculatis. <i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 669.</i> <i>Ait. +Hort. Kew. V. 3. p. 58.</i></p> + +<p>POLYGALA valentina. <i>Clus. hist. pl. rar. p. 98. fig. inf.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img185.jpg"><img + src="images/img185-tb.jpg" width="252" height="400" + alt="No 185." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>185.</div> + +<p>The <i>Coronilla valentina</i> comes very near to the <i>glauca</i> already +figured in this work, but may be distinguished by a little attention; +the <i>valentina</i> has smaller leaves, which are more numerous, and more +truly glaucous; the stipulæ, which in the <i>glauca</i> are small, narrow, +and pointed, in the <i>valentina</i> are large, and almost round, and in the +young plant are strikingly conspicuous; as the plant comes into flower, +they drop off; the <i>valentina</i> is not so much disposed to flower the +year through as the <i>glauca</i>, but produces its blossoms chiefly in May, +June, and July; the flowers of the <i>glauca</i> are observed to smell more +strongly in the day-time, those of the <i>valentina</i> at all times diffuse +a very powerful odour, so as even to scent a small greenhouse; we have +often been amused with hearing the different opinions entertained of +this smell, some speaking of it in terms of rapture, others ready to +faint when they approach it: the flowers of the <i>valentina</i> are more +disposed to produce seed-vessels than those of the <i>glauca</i>, the seeds +of which usually ripen well, and afford the means of increasing the +plant most readily. To have a succession of small handsome bushy plants +for the greenhouse, the old ones must either be frequently cut down, or +young ones raised from seed, or cuttings, the stems as they grow up +becoming naked at bottom.</p> + +<p>It is a hardy greenhouse plant, and may be kept well enough through the +winter in a common hot-bed frame, or planted against a south wall, and +matted as myrtles usually are in such situations; we have known the +<i>glauca</i>, treated in prove a charming ornament.</p> + +<p>It is a native of Spain, growing, as <span class="smcap">Clusius</span> informs us, by road-sides, +in sandy places, and on the declivities of hills.</p> + +<p>Cultivated here in 1656, by <span class="smcap">J. Tradescant</span>, jun. H. K.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[186]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Selago_Ovata"></a><span class="smcap">Selago Ovata. Oval-headed Selago.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospermia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-fidus. <i>Cor.</i> tubus capillaris; limbus subæqualis, <i>Sem.</i> +1.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>SELAGO <i>ovata</i> spicis strobilinis ovatis terminalibus, foliis +sparsis linearibus, caule fruticoso. <i>L'Herit. Stirp. nov. tom. 2. +t. 33.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 2. p. 355.</i></p> + +<p>LIPPIA <i>ovata</i> capitulis ovatis, foliis linearibus integerrimis. +<i>Linn. Mant. p. 89.</i></p></div> + + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img186.jpg"><img + src="images/img186-tb.jpg" width="211" height="400" + alt="No 186." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>186.</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Linnæus</span> in his <i>Mantissa</i> has somewhat largely described this plant +under the name of <i>Lippia ovata</i>, evidently from a dried specimen, which +may account for the flowers being described of a dark violet colour; he +recommends it to such as might have an opportunity of seeing the living +plant, to observe if it was not referable to some other genus; +accordingly Mons. <span class="smcap">L'Heritier</span>, who, when lately in England, saw it in the +royal garden at Kew, joined it to the genus <i>Selago</i>, retaining the +trivial name of <i>ovata, bractæata</i> would perhaps have been a better +name; for though its ovate inflorescence may be peculiar to the species, +its bracteæ or floral leaves are so very singular that they constitute +the most prominent feature of the plant.</p> + +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> informs us, that it was introduced to the royal garden at Kew, +from the Cape, by Mr. <span class="smcap">Masson</span>, in 1774.</p> + +<p>It recommends itself not so much on account of its beauty, curious +structure of its flowering spikes, and the fragrance of its blossoms.</p> + +<p>It is a greenhouse plant, and flowers during most of the summer; its +blossoms are white with a yellow spot on the two uppermost, and +sometimes on all the segments of the corolla, and an orange spot at the +mouth of the tube.</p> + +<p>Is propagated by cuttings.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[187]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Iris_Sambucina"></a><span class="smcap">Iris Sambucina. Elder-scented Iris.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Triandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cor.</i> 6-petala, inæqualis, petalis alternis geniculato-patentibus. +<i>Stigmata</i> petaliformia cucullato-bilabiata. <i>Thunb. Diss. de +Iride.</i></p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>IRIS <i>sambucina</i> barbata, foliis ensiformibus glabris erectis +brevioribus scapo multifloro, petalis deflexis planis. <i>Linn. Syst. +Vegetab, ed. 14. Murr.</i> <i>Thunb. loc. cit. n. 10.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. +v. 1. p. 69.</i></p> + +<p>IRIS latifolia germanica, sambuci odore. <i>Bauh. Pin. 31.</i></p> + +<p>IRIS Camerarii sive purpurea versicolor major. The greater variable +coloured purple Flower-de-Luce. <i>Park. Par. p. 181.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img187.jpg"><img + src="images/img187-tb.jpg" width="215" height="400" + alt="No 187." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>187.</div> + +<p>This species of Iris, said to be a native of the South of Europe, +derives its name from the smell of its flowers, which very much +resembles that of elder in bloom.</p> + +<p>It is one of the tallest and handsomest of the genus, in a rich moist +soil acquiring the height of three feet or more; it is therefore more +proper for the shrubbery than the flower-garden.</p> + +<p>It flowers about the latter end of May, and is readily increased by +parting its roots in autumn.</p> + +<p>The Iris of <span class="smcap">Parkinson</span>, referred to in the synonyms, accords so exactly +with our plant, in every circumstance but smell, which is not mentioned, +that we have no doubt but it was cultivated in our gardens in his time.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[188]</h2> + + +<p class='center'><a name="Convolvulus_Nil"></a><span class="smcap">Convolvulus Nil. Azure Convolvulus.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cor.</i> Campanulata, plicata. <i>Stigmata</i> 2. <i>Caps.</i> 2-locularis: +loculis dispermis.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>CONVOLVULUS <i>Nil</i> foliis cordatis trilobis, corollis +semiquinquefidis, pedunculis petiolo brevioribus. <i>Linn. Syst. Veg. +ed. 14. Murr. p. 209.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 1. p. 209.</i></p> + +<p>CONVOLVULUS cæruleus hederaceo anguloso folio. <i>Bauh. Pin. p. 295.</i></p> + +<p>NIL Arab. <i>Gef. hor. Eyst.</i></p> + +<p>CONVOLVULUS Cæruleus. Blew Bindweed. <i>Ger. Herb. p. 715. cum ic.</i></p> + +<p>CONVOLVULUS trifolius five hederaceus purpureus. The greater purple +Bindeweede or Bell-Flower with cornered leaves. <i>Park. Parad. Pl. +361. fig. 2.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img188.jpg"><img + src="images/img188-tb.jpg" width="238" height="400" + alt="No 188." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>188.</div> + +<p>All our writers on exotic botany treat of this plant, <span class="smcap">Gerard</span>, one of the +first, gives us the following account: "This beautiful Bindweed, which +we call <i>Convolvulus Cæruleus</i>, is called of the Arabians <i>Nil</i>: of +<i>Serapio</i>, <i>Hab al nil</i>, about Alepo and Tripolis in Syria, the +inhabitants call it Hasmisen, the Italians <i>Campana azurea</i>, of the +beautifull azured flowers and also <i>Fior de notte</i>, bicause his beautie +appeereth most in the night:" he informs us, that it grew in his garden, +but perished before it ripened its seeds. <span class="smcap">Parkinson</span> says, it thrives +remarkably well in our country, if the year be any thing kindly: <span class="smcap">Miller</span> +informs us, that it is a native of Africa and America, extols it as one +of the most beautiful of the genus, observes, that it is a very distinct +species from the purpurea, of which it has been considered by some as a +variety; that it will grow to the height of eight or ten feet, that in +favourable seasons the seeds will ripen in the open air, and that it +requires the same treatment as other annuals usually raised on a +hot-bed. Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> considers it as a stove plant, as indeed most of our +tender annuals properly are.</p> + +<p>It flowers from July to September.</p> + +<p>Though apparently common in our gardens formerly, it is now very rarely +met with.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[189]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Erica_Grandiflora"></a><span class="smcap">Erica Grandiflora. Great-flowered Heath.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Octandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 4-phyllus. <i>Cor.</i> 4-fida. <i>Filamenta</i> receptaculo inferta. +<i>Antheræ</i> bifidæ. <i>Caps.</i> 4-locularis.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>ERICA <i>grandiflora</i> antheris muticis exfertis, corollis +cylindraceis subincurvis glabris, stylo elongato, floribus +axillaribus pedunculatis, foliis subsenis acerosis glabris. <i>Ait. +Hort. Kew. vol. 2. p. 25.</i></p> + +<p>ERICA <i>grandiflora</i> foliis quaternis, stylo exserto, corolla +cylindrica, calyce simplici, floribus lateralibus subcurvatis. +<i>Linn. Suppl. Pl. p. 223.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img189.jpg"><img + src="images/img189-tb.jpg" width="209" height="400" + alt="No 189." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>189.</div> + +<p>The Erica here figured, is one of the many new and beautiful species, +which within these few years have been sent from the Cape by Mr. <span class="smcap">Masson</span>, +and which have contributed so greatly to enrich the royal garden at Kew.</p> + +<p>The description given of the <i>grandiflora</i> in the <i>Suppl. Plant</i>. +accords so ill with our plant, that we should be led to consider it as +another species, did not the respectable authority of the <i>Hortus +Kewensis</i> silence all doubts on that head.</p> + +<p>The blossoms of this species, whether we regard their magnitude, their +colour, their smooth and glossy surface, or the regular position of the +filaments, projecting beyond the corolla, and closing together by the +antheræ, excite our notice, and claim our admiration.</p> + +<p>Like every other heath, the hardy ones excepted, it is a greenhouse +plant, and flowers from May to July.</p> + +<p>Our drawing was made from a plant finely blown, in the collection of +<span class="smcap">James Vere</span>, Esq. Kensington-Gore.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>[190]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Ornithogalum_Aureum"></a><span class="smcap">Ornithogalum Aureum. Golden Ornithogalum.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cor.</i> 6-petala, erecta, persistens, supra medium patens, +<i>Filamenta</i> alterna basi dilatata.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>ORNITHOGALUM <i>aureum</i> foliis ovato-lanceolatis, albomargmatis, +floribus racemosis confertis, filamentis nectario emarginato +infidentibus.</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img190.jpg"><img + src="images/img190-tb.jpg" width="218" height="400" + alt="No 190." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>190.</div> + +<p>We have bestowed on this plant the name of <i>aureum</i>, from the colour of +its blossoms, which are usually of a bright orange or gold colour; in +some specimens we have observed them of a paler hue, and consequently +less beautiful.</p> + +<p>This highly ornamental species is of modern introduction, having been +received by Mess. <span class="smcap">Lee</span> and <span class="smcap">Kennedy</span>, a few years since from the Cape, of +which it is a native.</p> + +<p>The root is a whitish bulb, resembling in size and shape that of the +<i>Lachenalia tricolor</i>, figured on plate 82 of this work, from whence +spring three or four smooth, somewhat fleshy, upright, dark-green +leaves, about half an inch wide, and three or four inches long, edged +with white, and, if magnified, appearing fringed with very fine hairs or +villi; the stalk is naked, from eight to twelve inches high, supporting +many flowers, which spring from the alæ of large, hollow, pointed +bracteæ, and which opening one after another, keep the plant a +considerable time in flower; according to <span class="smcap">Linnæus's</span> generic character, +every other filament should be dilated at the base, in the present +species each filament is so, or rather sits as it were on a white +glandular nectary, emarginated on the inside, and highly deserving of +notice.</p> + +<p>In the greenhouse, where this plant has hitherto been kept, its blossoms +come forth as early as January and February, and continue for several +months; they will long display their beauty, if the stem be cut off and +put in a phial of water.</p> + +<p>It is propagated by offsets from its bulbs, and has the appearance of +being a plant of kindly growth and easy management.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[191]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Primula_Marginata"></a><span class="smcap">Primula Marginata. Silver-Edged Primula.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>PRIMULA <i>marginata</i> foliis obovatis serrato-dentatis albo +marginatis, scapo multifloro, involucri foliolis pedunculis +brevioribus.</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img191.jpg"><img + src="images/img191-tb.jpg" width="217" height="400" + alt="No 191." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>191.</div> + +<p>There is no difficulty in determining the British plants of this genus, +but much in ascertaining many of the foreign ones: Professor <span class="smcap">Jacquin</span> has +taken great pains to elucidate them in his <i>Miscel. Austr.</i> where +fifteen are specifically described, none of which accord exactly with +the plant here figured, which has every appearance of being a distinct +species: in the <i>Hortus Kewensis</i> it is described as the <i>glutinosa</i> of +the <i>Flora Austriaca</i>, with which it agrees in many respects, but +specimens sent from Vienna shew it to be a different plant; in its +farinaceous tendency it accords with the <i>Primula Auricula</i>, but is very +unlike that plant as it is figured in its wild state by Prof. <i>Jacquin</i>, +in the <i>Fl. Austr.</i> the leaves being much narrower, the flowers larger, +and of a different colour; it differs from <i>glutinosa</i> in the shortness +of its involucrum, from <i>villosa</i> (already figured) in having leaves +much narrower, perfectly smooth in respect to villi, and in the colour +of its blossoms, which approach that of the Lilac, but more especially +in its disposition to become mealy, particularly on the edges of its +leaves, between the serratures, where it is so strong as to make the +leaf appear with a white or silvery edge; as this character is constant +to it, and not to any other species of Primula that we are acquainted +with, we have given to it the name of <i>marginata</i>.</p> + +<p>Mr. <i>Lee</i> received it from the Alps in the year 1781, and it has +continued in our gardens ever since unaltered by culture.|</p> + +<p>It is a very delicate pretty plant, with a pleasing musky smell, and +flowers in March and April. To succeed in its cultivation, it should be +placed in a pot of stiffish loam, mixed with one-third rotten leaves, +bog earth, or dung, and plunged in a north border, taking care that it +does not suffer for want of water in dry seasons; thus treated, it +increases by its roots nearly as readily as the Auricula, and may be +propagated by parting its' roots early in April or September. |</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[192]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Cypripedium_Acaule"></a><span class="smcap">Cypripedium Acaule. Two-Leaved Lady's Slipper.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Gynandria Diandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Nectarium ventricosum, inflatum, cavum.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>CYPRIPEDIUM <i>acaule</i> radicibus fibrosis, foliis oblongis +radicalibus. <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3. p. 303.</i></p> + +<p>HELLEBORINE <i>Calceolus</i> dicta, mariana, foliis binis e radice ex +adverso prodeuntibus, flore purpureo <i>Pluk. Mant. 101; t. 418. f. +1.</i></p> + +<p>CYPRIPEDIUM <i>humile</i>—Corolla labio superiore rhomboideo acuminato +lateribus deflexo subtus carina angustissima obtusa, inferiore +petalis longiore antice fisso. <i>Transact. Linn. Soc. V. 1. p. 76. +t. 3. f. 4.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img192.jpg"><img + src="images/img192-tb.jpg" width="400" height="394" + alt="No 192." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>192.</div> + +<p>We have not figured the present species of Cypripedium so much on +account of its beauty as of its rarity, for it is far less handsome than +any of the other species that we are acquainted with.</p> + +<p>It is a native of different parts of North-America, and flowers with us +in May.</p> + +<p>There is little difficulty in distinguishing it from the other foreign +species, it has rarely more than two radical leaves, a very short +flowering stem compared with the others, a large nectary in proportion +to its size, which in the specimens we have seen has been divided on its +upper part, through its whole length, so as in fact to destroy in a +great degree that shoe or slipper-like form, from which this genus has +taken its name.</p> + +<p>Like the rest of the family, it requires a little extraordinary care in +its culture; its roots should be placed in a pot filled with loam and +bog-earth, or rotten leaves, well mixed, and plunged in a north border, +where in severe seasons it will be proper to shelter it; if the whole +border be formed of the same soil or compost the pot will be less +necessary.</p> + +<p>Our drawing was made from a plant growing with Messrs. <span class="smcap">Grimwood</span> and Co. +Kensington.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[193]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Narcissus_Angustifolius"></a><span class="smcap">Narcissus Angustifolius. Narrow-Leaved Narcissus.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Petala</i> 6 æqualia. <i>Nectario</i> infundibuliformi, 1-phyllo. +<i>Stamina</i> intra nectarium.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>NARCISSUS <i>poeticus</i> spatha uniflora, nectario rotato brevissimo +scarioso crenulato. <i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 317.</i> +<i>Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 414.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS uniflorus, foliis ensiformibus, scypho brevissimo. <i>Hall. +Hist. n. 1250.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS albus circulo purpureo. <i>Bauh. Pin. p. 48.</i> <i>Magnol. Bot. +Monsp. p. 181.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS poeticus medio purpureus. <i>Lob.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS medio purpureus. <i>Dod. Pempt. p. 223. f. 1.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS medio purpureus præcox. Timely purple ringed Daffodil. +<i>Ger. Herb. p. 108. f. 2.</i> also <i>præcocior, fig. 3.</i> and +<i>præcocissimus, fig. 4.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS medio purpureus præcox. The early purple ringed Daffodil. +<i>Park. Parad. p. 76. t. 75. f. 3.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS latifol. classis altera, lin. 7. alterum vero, &c. <i>Clus. +Hist. Pl. rar. lib. 2. p. 156.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img193.jpg"><img + src="images/img193-tb.jpg" width="250" height="400" + alt="No 193." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>193.</div> + +<p>Under the name of <i>poeticus</i> three different species of Narcissus +appearing perfectly distinct (though similar in many respects) and +regarded as such by the old Botanists, have been confounded by the +moderns, viz.</p> + + +<div class='left'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" width="60%" cellspacing="0" summary="Narcissus"> +<tr><td align='left'>Narcissus albus circulo purpureo, v et vi.<br />Narcissus albus magno odoro flore circulo pallido,<br />Narcissus pallidus circulo luteo.</td><td align='left'>C. Bauh.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Narcissus medio purpureus præcox,<br />Narcissus medio purpureus serotinus,<br />Narcissus medio luteus vulgaris.</td><td align='left'>Park Parad.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>The first of these, the one here figured is evidently the <i>poeticus</i> of +<i>Linnæus</i>, judging by the authors to whom he refers in the third edition +of his <i>Spec. Pl.</i> which are indeed few in number, and confined chiefly +to <i>Bauh. Pin.</i> <i>Dodonæus</i>; of the second, and third, he takes no +notice.</p> + +<p>The two former ones of these have the greatest affinity, inasmuch as +they both produce for the most part only one flower, of a white colour, +having a very short nectary, edged with orange; to both of these +<span class="smcap">Linnæus's</span> specific description is equally applicable, as well as the +trivial name of <i>poeticus</i>, given them indiscriminately by several of +the old Botanists, some regarding the first, some the second as the +plant mentioned by <span class="smcap">Theocritus</span><a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>, <span class="smcap">Virgil</span><a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>, and <span class="smcap">Ovid</span><a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>; unfortunately +both of them are found to grow in the same meadows, and have the same +obvious appearances, it is therefore utterly impossible to say which of +the two was the Narcissus of the poets; if we have the greatest +difficulty in ascertaining what the plants were of the <i>Botanists</i> of +those times, how are we to discover what the <i>Poets</i> meant, who with +very few exceptions have been unpardonably inattentive to the +appearances of nature. Since then the term <i>poeticus</i> is equally +suitable to both, and as there cannot be two with the same name, we have +thought it best to get rid of it altogether, and substitute others which +tend in a certain degree to discriminate the several species, +denominating the</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1st. <i>angustifolius.</i></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">2d. <i>majalis.</i></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">3d. <i>biflorus.</i></span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The <i>angustifolius</i> here figured is a native of the South of Europe, and +said by <span class="smcap">Magnol</span> and <span class="smcap">Clusius</span> to grow spontaneously in the meadows about +Narbonne and Montpelier.</p> + +<p>It flowers in our gardens early in April, about a month before the +<i>biflorus</i>, and full six weeks sooner than the <i>majalis</i>, increases +readily by offsets, and succeeds best in a soil that is moderately +moist. In what respects it differs from the two others, will be +mentioned when they come to be figured.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[194]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Fritillaria_Imperialis"></a><span class="smcap">Fritillaria Imperialis. Crown Imperial.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cor.</i> 6-petala, campanulata, supra ungues cavitate nectarifera. +<i>Stam.</i> longitudine corollæ.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>FRITILLARIA <i>imperialis</i> racemo comoso inferne nudo, foliis +integerrimis. <i>Linn, Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 324.</i> <i>Ait. +Kew. v. 1. p. 432.</i></p> + +<p>LILIUM sive Corona Imperialis. <i>Bauh. Pin. p. 79.</i></p> + +<p>TUSAI sive Lilium Persicum. <i>Clust. Hist. 1. p. 127.</i></p> + +<p>CORONA IMPERIALIS. The Crowne Imperiall. <i>Park. Par. p. 27. tab. +29. f. 1.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img194.jpg"><img + src="images/img194-tb.jpg" width="268" height="400" + alt="No 194." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>194.</div> + +<p>The Crown Imperial, a native of the East, most probably of Persia, was +introduced according to <span class="smcap">Dodonæus</span>, into the gardens of the emperor and +some of the nobility at Vienna in 1576; it appears to have been +cultivated here as early as 1596: both <span class="smcap">Gerard</span> and <span class="smcap">Parkinson</span> describe it +minutely, the latter on account of its "stately beautifulness, gives it +the first place in his garden of delight."</p> + +<p>It flowers usually in the beginning of April; the whole plant sends +forth a strong unpleasant smell, compared by most writers to that of a +fox, perceptible when you approach it; to this effluvia <span class="smcap">Parkinson</span> +endeavours to reconcile us by saying that it is not unwholesome; it is +so disagreeable however, that few choose to have many of these plants, +or those in the most frequented parts of their gardens, yet it ought not +to be proscribed, for independent of its beauty, there is much in it to +admire, and especially its singular Nectaria, which in the form of a +white glandular excavation decorate the base of each petal; in these +usually stands a drop of clear nectareous juice; the peduncle or +flower-stalk which bends downwards when the plant is in flower, becomes +upright as the seed ripens.</p> + +<p>Of this plant, as of all others which have long been objects of culture, +there are many varieties; those most generally cultivated in our gardens +are the common orange-flowered single and double, yellow single and +double, gold-striped leaved, and silver-striped leaved; the Dutch in +their catalogues enumerate thirteen varieties.</p> + +<p>Luxuriant plants will sometimes produce a second and even a third whorl +or crown of flowers, and the flat-stalked ones which are monsters, have +been known to produce seventy-two blossoms, but none of these are found +to be constant.</p> + +<p>The Crown Imperial, though a native of a much warmer climate than ours, +is a hardy bulb, and not very nice in regard to soil, succeeds best in +such as is stiffish, enriched with manure, and placed in a sheltered +situation.</p> + +<p>Is propagated by offsets, which are produced in tolerable abundance.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[195]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Cheiranthus_Mutabilis"></a><span class="smcap">Cheiranthus Mutabilis. Changeable Wall-Flower.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Tetradynamia Siliquosa.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Germen</i> utrinque denticulo glandulato. <i>Cal.</i> clausus foliolis +duobus basi gibbis. <i>Sem.</i> plana.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>CHEIRANTHUS <i>mutabilis</i> foliis lanceolatis acuminatis argute +serratis, caule frutescente, siliquis pedunculatis. <i>Ait. Hort. +Kew. v. 2. p. 395.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img195.jpg"><img + src="images/img195-tb.jpg" width="224" height="400" + alt="No 195." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>195.</div> + +<p>The present species of <i>Cheiranthus</i>, unknown both to <span class="smcap">Miller</span> and +<span class="smcap">Linnæus</span>, was first described in the <i>Hortus Kewensis</i> of Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span>, who +informs us that it was introduced to the Royal Garden in 1777, and found +wild in the Island of Madeira by Mr. <span class="smcap">Masson</span>.</p> + +<p>Its chief merit as an ornamental plant consists in its early flowering; +its blossoms which are shewy contribute to enliven the green-house in +March and April; on their first expanding, they are white, in some +plants (for they are subject to great variation) inclined to yellow, in +a few days they become purple; to this change of colour observable also +in the <i>Cheiranthus maritimus</i> already figured, it owes its name of +<i>mutabilis</i>.</p> + +<p>In sheltered gardens at the foot of a wall, we have known this species +survive a mild winter; it seems indeed to be almost as hardy as the +common stock; it is most commonly however kept in the green-house.</p> + +<p>The usual way of propagating this species, which is of ready and quick +growth, is by cuttings, which should be put into the ground as soon as +the plant has done flowering; these if properly treated will become +handsome plants to place in the green-house at the approach of Winter, +and to decorate it the ensuing Spring; in like manner may the +green-house be annually recruited with many similar plants to great +advantage.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[196]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Saxifraga_Crassifolia"></a><span class="smcap">Saxifraga Crassifolia. Oval-Leaved Saxifrage.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Decandria Digynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-partitus. <i>Cor.</i> 5-petala. <i>Caps.</i> 2-rostris, 1-locularis, +polysperma.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>SAXIFRAGA <i>crassifolia</i>, foliis ovalibus retusis obsolete serratis +petiolatis, caule nudo, panicula conglomerata. <i>Linn. Sp. Pl ed. 3. +p. 573.</i> <i>Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 412.</i></p> + +<p>SAXIFRAGA foliis ovalibus crenulatis, caulibus nudis. <i>Gmel. Sib. +4. p. 166. t. 66.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img196.jpg"><img + src="images/img196-tb.jpg" width="226" height="400" + alt="No 196." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>196.</div> + +<p>The term <i>grandifolia</i> would have been more applicable to this species +of Saxifrage than <i>crassifolia</i>, for it is not so much distinguished for +the thickness as the largeness of its leaves; these are almost equal in +size to those of our broad-leaved Dock, red on the under and of a fine +shining green on their upper surface; they may be ranked indeed among +the more handsome kinds of foliage; the flowering stems, according to +the richness and moisture of the soil in which they are planted, rise +from one to two or even three feet high; at top supporting a large bunch +of purple pendulous flowers, which blossom in April and May, and, if the +season prove favourable, make a fine appearance. Should cold winds +prevail at the time of their flowering, which they are very apt to do, +the plants should be covered with a hand-glass; or, if in a pot, it may +be removed into the green-house, which they will not disgrace.</p> + +<p>Is found spontaneously on the Alps of Siberia, and, according to Mr. +<span class="smcap">Aiton</span>, was introduced in 1765 by Dr. <span class="smcap">Solander</span>. No plant is more readily +increased by parting its roots, which may be done either in spring or +autumn.</p> + +<p>There is another Saxifrage in our gardens exceedingly like this in +appearance, but differing, in producing larger bunches of flowers, and +in having larger, rounder, and more heart-shaped leaves; Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> +regards this as a variety of the <i>crassifolia</i>, we are inclined to +consider it as a species under the name of <i>cordifolia</i>. The parts of +fructification in the <i>crassifolia</i> are apt to be preternaturally +increased.</p> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[197]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Narcissus_Biflorus"></a><span class="smcap">Narcissus Biflorus. Two-Flower'd Narcissus.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>NARCISSUS <i>biflorus</i> spatha biflor, nectario brevissimo scarioso.</p> + +<p>NARCISSUS pallidus circulo luteo. <i>Bauh. Pin. p. 50.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS medio luteus. <i>Dod. Pempt. p. 223. f. 2.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS medio luteus. Primrose Peerles, or the common white +Daffodil. <i>Ger. Herb. p. 110. f. 6.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS medio luteus vulgaris. The common white Daffodill, called +<i>Primrose Peerlesse</i>. <i>Park. Par. P. 74. t. 75. f. 1.</i></p> + +<p>NARCISSUS latifol classis altera, lin. 1. Nascuntur, &c. ad +intellexisse. <i>Clus. Hist. Pl. rar. lib. 2. p. 156.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img197.jpg"><img + src="images/img197-tb.jpg" width="219" height="400" + alt="No 197." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>197.</div> + +<p>Both <span class="smcap">Gerard</span> and <span class="smcap">Parkinson</span> describe and figure this plant, informing us +that it was very common in the gardens in their time; the former indeed +mentions it as growing wild in fields and sides of woods in the West of +England; the latter says he could never hear of its natural place of +growth. <span class="smcap">Clusius</span> reports that he had been credibly informed of its +growing wild in England; it probably may, but of this it remains for us +to be more clearly ascertained; it undoubtedly is the plant mentioned by +<span class="smcap">Ray</span> in his Synopsis.</p> + +<p>As it grows readily, increases in a greater degree than most others and +is both ornamental and odoriferous, it is no wonder that we meet with it +in almost every garden, and that in abundance, flowering towards the end +of April, about three weeks later than the angustifolia. It usually +produces two flowers, hence we have called it biflorus; it frequently +occurs with one, more rarely with three, in a high state of culture it +probably may be found with more; when it has only one flower it may +easily be mistaken for the <i>majalis</i>, but may be thus distinguished from +it; its petals are of a more yellow hue, the nectary is wholly yellow, +wanting the orange rim, it flowers at least three weeks earlier; but the +character, which by observation we have found most to be depended on, +exists in the flowering stem, the top of which in the biflorus, very +soon after it emerges from the ground, bends down and becomes elbowed, +as our figure represents; in the <i>majalis</i>, it continues upright till +within a short time of the flowers expanding.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[198]</h2> + + +<p class='center'><a name="Indigofera_Candicans"></a><span class="smcap">Indigofera Candicans. White-Leaved Indigo.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Diadelphia Decandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> patens. <i>Cor.</i> carina utrinque calcari subulato patulo. +<i>Legumen</i> lineare.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>INDIGOFERA <i>candicans</i> foliis ternatis lanceolato-linearibus subtus +sericeis, spicis pedunculatis paucifloris, leguminibus cylindraceis +rectis. <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3, p. 67.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img198.jpg"><img + src="images/img198-tb.jpg" width="222" height="400" + alt="No 198." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>198.</div> + +<p>Of the genus <i>Indigofera</i>, twenty-three species are enumerated in Prof. +<span class="smcap">Murray's</span> edition of the <i>Syst. Vegetab.</i> of <span class="smcap">Linnæus</span>; ten in the <i>Hortus +Kewensis</i> of Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span>; in which last work only, the present plant, +distinguished by the whiteness of its stalks and of the underside of its +leaves, is described, and in which we are informed, that it is a native +of the Cape, from whence it was introduced by Mr. <span class="smcap">Masson</span> in 1774.</p> + +<p>Its principal period of flowering is from about the beginning of May to +the middle of June, at which time it is highly ornamental in the +green-house: strong healthy plants produce from five to eight blossoms +in a spike: on a plant growing with Mr. <span class="smcap">Colvill</span>, Nurseryman, +King's-Road, Chelsea, we once counted nine: a few of these usually +produce seed-vessels containing perfect seeds, by which the plant is +mostly propagated; it may also be raised by cuttings, but not very +readily.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[199]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Aster_Alpinus"></a><span class="smcap">Aster Alpinus. Alpine Aster.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Recept.</i> nudum. <i>Pappus</i> simplex. <i>Cor.</i> radii plures 10. <i>Cal.</i> +imbricati squamæ inferiores patulæ.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>ASTER <i>alpinus</i> foliis subspathulatis hirtis integerrimis, caulibus +simplicibus unifloris. <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 198.</i></p> + +<p>ASTER <i>alpinus</i> foliis spatulatis hirtis: radicalibus obtusis, +caule simplicissimo unifloro. <i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p. 761.</i> <i>Jacq. +Fl. Austr. V. 1. t. 88.</i></p> + +<p>ASTER montanus cæruleus, magno flore, foliis oblongis. <i>Bauh. Pin. +p. 267.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img199.jpg"><img + src="images/img199-tb.jpg" width="245" height="400" + alt="No 199." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>199.</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Clusius</span> and <span class="smcap">Jacquin</span>, by both of whom this species of Aster is figured +and described, inform us, that it grows spontaneously on the Austrian +Alps: of the many hardy herbaceous species cultivated in our garden, +this is by far the most humble in is growth; in its wild state acquiring +the height of about four inches, and when cultivated, rarely exceeding +eight or nine: its blossoms for its size are large and shewy, making +their appearance much earlier than any of the others, viz. about the end +of May and beginning of June, and continuing in blossom three weeks or a +month.</p> + +<p>It is readily propagated by parting its roots in the autumn, may be kept +in pots, or planted in the open border, prefers a moist stiffish soil; +if carefully watered in dry weather, will grow among rock-work, for +which, from its size, it is well adapted.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[200]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Antirrhinum_Sparteum"></a><span class="smcap">Antirrhinum Sparteum. Branching Toad-Flax</span>.</p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospermia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-phyllus. <i>Cor.</i> basis deorsum prominens nectarifera. +<i>Caps.</i> 2-locularis.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>ANTIRRHINUM <i>sparteum</i> foliis subulatis canaliculatis carnosis: +inferioribus ternis, caule paniculato corollisque glaberrimis. +<i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 555.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. +333.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img200.jpg"><img + src="images/img200-tb.jpg" width="192" height="400" + alt="No 200." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>200.</div> + +<p>The drawing here exhibited gives but a faint idea of the elegant and +lively appearance which this plant assumes when it grows in a tuft, and +a number of its branches are in blossom at the same time.</p> + +<p>It is a hardy annual, of small stature, a native of Spain, and flowers +during most of the summer.</p> + +<p>Was introduced into this country, according to Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span>, in 1772, by +Mons. <span class="smcap">Richard</span>, and deserves to be much more generally cultivated.</p> + +<p>Some regard it as a biennial, but as seeds of it sown in the spring +flower the ensuing summer, and as the plant dies when it has ripened its +seeds, there appears more propriety in considering it as an annual.</p> + +<p>It is to be sown in the same manner as other hardy annuals; will flower +earlier if the seeds have been raised in autumn.</p> + +<p>The upper part of the stalk, as well as the leaves of the calyx, are +beset with viscous hairs, in which respect it does not perfectly accord +with <span class="smcap">Linnæus</span>'s description. <i>Vid. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 854.</i></p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[201]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Pelargonium_Bicolor"></a><span class="smcap">Pelargonium Bicolor. Two-Coloured Crane's-Bill.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Monadelphia Heptandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-partitus: lacinia suprema desinente in tubulum capillarem, +nectariferum, secus pedunculum decurrentem. <i>Cor.</i> 5-petala, +irregularis. <i>Filam.</i> 10, inæqualia: quorum 3 (raro 5) castrata. +<i>Fructus</i> 5-coccus, rostratus: <i>rostra</i> spiralia, introrsum +barbata.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>PELARGONIUM <i>bicolor</i> umbellis multifloris, foliis ternatifidis +lobatis dentatis undulatis villosis. <i>L'Herit. n. 64.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. +Kew. v. 2. p. 425.</i></p> + +<p>GERANIUM bicolor. <i>Jacq. Hort. 3. p. 23. t. 39.</i> <i>Cavan. diss. 4. +p. 248. t. 111. f. 1.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img201.jpg"><img + src="images/img201-tb.jpg" width="244" height="400" + alt="No 201." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>201.</div> + +<p>In every numerous tribe of plants, many of the species approach so near +to each other, that there is much difficulty in distinguishing them; +this objection cannot be urged against the present plant, which +obviously differs from all the others of the same genus in the +particular shape of its leaves and the colour of its blossoms, the +latter are usually of a rich and very dark purple edged with white, from +whence we apprehend it takes its name of <i>bicolor</i>; the colours however +are scarcely distinct enough to justify such a name.</p> + +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> informs us in his <i>Hort. Kew.</i> that this very ornamental +species was introduced in the year 1778, by <span class="smcap">John</span>, the late Earl of <span class="smcap">Bute</span>, +but of what country it is a native, does not appear to be ascertained.</p> + +<p>Our drawing was made from a plant in the collection of Messrs. <span class="smcap">Grimwood</span> +and Co. Kensington, with whom it flowers from June to August.</p> + +<p>It is not disposed to ripen its seeds, nor is it very readily increased +by cuttings.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[202]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Lupinus_Perennis"></a><span class="smcap">Lupinus Perennis. Perennial Lupine.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Diadelphia Decandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 2-labiatus. <i>Antheræ</i> 5, oblongæ 5, subrotundæ. <i>Legumen</i> +coriaceum.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>LUPINUS <i>perennis</i> calycibus alternis inappendiculatis: labio +superiore emarginato; inferiore integro. <i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. +14. Murr. p. 655.</i> <i>Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 28.</i></p> + +<p>LUPINUS calycibus alternis, radice perenni repente. <i>Fl. Virg. +172.</i></p> + +<p>LUPINUS cæruleus minor perennis virginianus repens. <i>Moris. hist. +2. p. 87. s. 2. t. 7. f. 6.</i></p> + +<p>LUPINUS floribus cæruleis inodoris, in spicas longas digestis, +radice reptatrice. <i>Clayt. n. 779.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img202.jpg"><img + src="images/img202-tb.jpg" width="224" height="400" + alt="No 202." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>202.</div> + +<p>Every species of Lupine described in the <i>Species Plantarum</i> of <span class="smcap">Linnæus</span>, +and in the <i>Hortus Kewensis</i> of Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span>, except the one here figured, +are annuals; till another perennial one therefore shall be discovered, +the term <i>perennis</i> will be strictly applicable to the present plant.</p> + +<p>Its root is not only of the kind just mentioned, but creeping also; Mr. +<i>Miller</i> informs us, that he traced some of them belonging to plants of +a year old, to the depth of three feet, they also spread out far and +wide; hence the roots even of young plants are with difficulty taken up +entire, and as they do not succeed well by transplanting, if the root be +cut or broken, our excellent author prefers raising this elegant plant +from seed, which, though not very plentifully produced, ripen in July +and August; care must be taken to gather them as soon as ripe.</p> + +<p>It is a native of Virginia, and appears to have been cultivated in the +Botanic Garden at Oxford, as long since as 1658.</p> + +<p>Flowers from May to July.</p> + +<p>Is a hardy perennial, succeeding best in a dry situation, with a loam +moderately stiff.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[203]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Geranium_Angulatum"></a><span class="smcap">Geranium Angulatum. Angular-Stalked Crane's-Bill.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Monadelphia Decandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-phyllus. <i>Cor.</i> 5-petala, regularis. <i>Nect.</i> glandulæ 5, +melliferæ, basi longiorum filamentorum adnatæ. <i>Fructus</i> 5-coccus, +rostratus: <i>rostra</i> simplicia, nuda, (nec spiralia nec barbata).</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>GERANIUM <i>angulatum</i> foliis radicalibus subpartitis incisis +hirsutis, caule erecto subangulato, petalis venosis.</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img203.jpg"><img + src="images/img203-tb.jpg" width="239" height="400" + alt="No 203." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>203.</div> + +<p>Having cultivated the Geranium here figured for a series of years, we +are perfectly satisfied of its being a species altogether distinct from +any of the hardy and more ornamental plants of that genus usually +cultivated in our gardens.</p> + +<p>It is obviously distinguished by two characters, the angular appearance +of its stalk (whence our name of <i>angulatum</i>) and its flesh-coloured +blossoms, marked with veins of a deeper red.</p> + +<p>In size it stands between <i>pratense</i> and <i>aconitifolium</i>, in its +blossoms it has some affinity to <i>striatum</i> and <i>lancastriense</i>, but +veins are not so strongly marked as in the former, and it differs from +the latter in having an upright stalk.</p> + +<p>It usually flowers in May, and frequently again in autumn; is a hardy +perennial, and easily increased either by seeds or parting its roots.</p> + +<p>Of what country it is a native, or when it was first introduced, we have +yet to learn; we first observed it in a nursery near town, where it is +regarded as a very different species.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[204]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Ranunculus_Aconitifolius"></a><span class="smcap">Ranunculus Aconitifolius. Mountain Crowfoot</span>, or <span class="smcap">Fair Maids of France.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Polyandria Polygynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-phyllus. <i>Petala</i> 5-intra ungues poro mellifero. <i>Sem.</i> +nuda.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>RANUNCULUS <i>aconitifolius</i> foliis omnibus quinatis lanceolatis +inciso-serratis. <i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 516.</i> <i>Ait. +Kew. v. 1. p. 267.</i></p> + +<p>RANUNCULUS folio aconiti, flore albo multiplici. <i>Bauh. Pin. 179.</i></p> + +<p>RANUNCULUS montanus albus flore pleno. The double white mountain +Crowfoot. <i>Park. Parad. p. 219. f. 9.</i></p> + +<p>Double white Bachelors Buttons. <i>Ger. Herb. p. 812. f. 1.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img204.jpg"><img + src="images/img204-tb.jpg" width="263" height="400" + alt="No 204." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>204.</div> + +<p>This is one of those plants which derives its beauty from the +multiplication of its petals; in its single state no one would think it +deserving of culture as an ornamental plant: when double, few plants +come in for a greater share of admiration.</p> + +<p>It is a native of the Alps of Europe, and flowers in May and June.</p> + +<p>Was very generally cultivated in our gardens in the times of <span class="smcap">Gerard</span> and +<span class="smcap">Parkinson</span>.</p> + +<p>Like most alpine plants, it requires a pure air, and succeeds best in a +situation moderately moist and shady; is a hardy perennial, and may be +increased by parting its roots in autumn.</p> + +<p>In all seasons, with us, its foliage, as well as that of most other +Crowfoots, is liable to be disfigured, and sometimes nearly destroyed, +by a very small maggot which feeds betwixt, the coats of the leaf, and +which ultimately produces a small fly, called by us <i>Musca Ranunculi</i>.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[205]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Antirrhinum_Alpinum"></a><span class="smcap">Antirrhinum Alpinum. Alpine Toad-Flax.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospermia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-phyllus. <i>Cor.</i> basis deorsum prominens, nectarifera. +<i>Caps.</i> 2-locularis.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>ANTIRRHINUM <i>alpinum</i> foliis quaternis lineari-lanceolatis glaucis, +caule diffuso, floribus racemosis, calcari recto. <i>Linn. Syst. +Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 556.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. p 335.</i> +<i>Jacq. Fl. Austr. v. 1. t. 58.</i></p> + +<p>ANTIRRHINUM caule procumbente breviter spicato, foliis +verticillatis. <i>Hall. Hist. p. 338.</i></p> + +<p>LINARIA quadrifolia supina. <i>Bauh. Pin. p. 213.</i></p> + +<p>LINARIA tertia styriaca. <i>Clus. Hist. 1. p. 322.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img205.jpg"><img + src="images/img205-tb.jpg" width="242" height="400" + alt="No 205." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>205.</div> + +<p>Professor <span class="smcap">Jacquin</span>, in describing the flowers of this plant, calls them +<i>elegantissimi</i>; and to one of its varieties <span class="smcap">Haller</span> applies the epithet +<i>pulcherrima</i>: such testimonies in its favour will, we presume, be +sufficient to recommend it to our readers.</p> + +<p>It is a native of various mountainous parts of Europe, affecting moist, +stony situations,<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> and flowers during most of the summer: is a hardy +perennial<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>, according to the celebrated author of the <i>Fl. Austriaca</i>; +Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span>, in his <i>Hort. Kew.</i> marks it as a biennial. It is +nevertheless apt to be lost, like other small alpine plants, for want of +proper treatment and care.</p> + +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> informs us on the authority of <span class="smcap">Lobel</span>, that it was cultivated +here by Mr. <span class="smcap">Hugh Morgan</span>, in 1570.</p> + +<p>May be propagated by cuttings, as well as by seeds, which however are +not very plentifully produced with us.</p> + +<p>Succeeds best when kept in a pot, or on rock-work, which it is well +suited to decorate.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[206]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Geranium_Anemonefolium"></a><span class="smcap">Geranium Anemonefolium. Anemone-Leav'd Geranium.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Monadelphia Decandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-phyllus. <i>Cor.</i> 5-petala, regularis. <i>Nect.</i> glandulæ 5 +melliferæ basi longiorum filamentorum adnatæ. <i>Fructus</i> 5-coccus, +rostratus; <i>rostra</i> simplicia nec spiralia nec barbata. <i>L. Herit. +Geran.</i></p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>GERANIUM <i>anemonefolium</i> foliis palmatis; foliolis pinnatifidis, +caule fruticoso. <i>L. Herit. n. 6. t. 36.</i></p> + +<p>GERANIUM palmatum. <i>Cavan. Diss. 4. p. 216. t. 84. f. 2.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img206.jpg"><img + src="images/img206-tb.jpg" width="264" height="400" + alt="No 206." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>206.</div> + +<p>Before the appearance of the <i>Hortus Kewensis</i>, <i>lævigatum</i> was the term +usually applied to this species of Geranium, by Botanists here, and that +on account of the smooth and glossy appearance of its leaves; in that +work Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> adopts the word <i>anemonefolium</i>, by which Mons. L. +<span class="smcap">Heritier</span> had distinguished this species, from an idea that their shape +afforded a more expressive character than their smoothness. We regret +that the small size of our plate will not admit of our giving +representation of those leaves, and of their mode of growth, which so +strikingly characterizes the plant and adds so considerably to its +beauty.</p> + +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> informs us that this species is a native of Madeira, from +whence it was introduced here by Mr. <span class="smcap">Francis Masson</span> in 1778.</p> + +<p>It flowers from May to September, is usually and readily raised from +seeds, nor is it so tender as many other green-house plants.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[207]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Dianthus_Barbatus"></a><span class="smcap">Dianthus Barbatus. Bearded Pink Or Sweet William.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Decandria Digynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> cylindricus 1-phyllus: basi squamis 4. <i>Petala</i> 5 +unguiculata. <i>Capsula</i> cylindrica, 1-locularis.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>DIANTHUS <i>barbatus</i> floribus aggregatis fasciculatis: squamis +calycinis ovato-subulatis tubum æquantibus, foliis lanceolatis. +<i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 17.</i> <i>Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. +88.</i></p> + +<p>CARYOPHYLLUS hortensis barbatus latifolius. <i>Bauh. Pin. 208.</i></p> + +<p>ARMERIUS latifolius simplex. Single Sweete Williams. <i>Park. Parad. +p. 321.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img207.jpg"><img + src="images/img207-tb.jpg" width="258" height="400" + alt="No 207." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>207.</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Linnæus</span>, in his <i>Spec. Pl.</i> appears not to have known of what country +the Sweet William was a native, and even in the <i>Hortus Kewensis</i>, this +circumstance is left undecided; yet <span class="smcap">Dodonæus</span>, in his <i>Pemptades</i><a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>, +mentions its being found wild in Germany, and <span class="smcap">Prof. Hoffman</span> confirms +this in his <i>Germanys Flora</i><a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>.</p> + +<p>At the time <span class="smcap">Dodonæus</span> wrote (1552) this plant was cultivated in the +Netherlands, from whence it was probably introduced to this country, +where it certainly is one of the oldest inhabitants of our gardens.</p> + +<p>Beautiful as are the numerous varieties of this species of Dianthus, +Florists have not deemed it worthy of that peculiar attention which they +have bestowed on its more favoured relatives the Pink and Carnation, and +hence it probably has not arrived at that degree of improvement of which +it is capable; our figure is intended to represent one of the most +esteemed of its kind, viz. the <i>Painted Lady</i> variety, which has a deep +rich purple eye, surrounded with a pure white, having the edge of the +petals slightly indented; but our colours fall far short of the beauties +of the original.</p> + +<p>Besides single flowers producing an infinite variety of colours, there +are several double varieties of the Sweet William, some of which are +observed to have more scent than others.</p> + +<p>To possess these plants in perfection, we must renew them yearly; for +though the root be perennial, it is apt to decay, especially if the soil +in which it grows be either very moist, or very dry; or if the air be +not pure, the single sorts must be raised from seeds, which should be +saved from the choicest flowers; the double sorts may be increased by +cuttings, pipings, or layers, in the same manner, and at the same time +as Pinks and Carnations; the seed should be sown early in April, the +seedlings transplanted into a bed in June, taking advantage of a wet day +and placed about six inches asunder each way; in September they will be +fit to transplant into the flower border, where they will blossom the +ensuing summer, during the months of June and July, and ripen their seed +in August.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[208]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Melissa_Grandiflora"></a><span class="smcap">Melissa Grandiflora. Great-Flower'd Balm.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Didynamia Gymnospermia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> aridus, supra planiusculus; labio superiore subfastigiato. +<i>Corollæ</i> lab. super. subfornicatum, 2-fidum; labium inf. lobo +medio cordato.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>MELISSA <i>grandiflora</i> pedunculis axillaribus dichotomis longitudine +florum. <i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 542.</i> <i>Ait. Kew. v. +2. p. 315.</i></p> + +<p>CALAMINTHA magno flore. <i>Bauh. Pin. 229.</i></p> + +<p>CALAMINTHA montana præstantior. The more excellent Calamint. <i>Ger. +Herb. p. 556.</i> as to the name. <i>Ger. emac. 687.</i> as to the figure.</p></div> + + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img208.jpg"><img + src="images/img208-tb.jpg" width="264" height="400" + alt="No 208." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>208.</div> +<p>The <i>Melissa grandiflora</i>, a beautiful and hardy perennial, grows +spontaneously on the hilly and mountainous parts of France, Italy, and +Germany; <span class="smcap">Gerard</span> mentions it as found wild in this country, which stands +in need of further confirmation; there is little doubt, however, but he +had cultivated the plant; as he says, "brought into the garden, it +prospereth marvellous well and very easily soweth itself."</p> + +<p>It is the more valuable, as it flowers during most of the summer.</p> + +<p>There is a variety of it with white, and another with red flowers, both +much inferior in size to those of the plant here figured, and therefore +not worth cultivating; we have a variety also with variegated leaves +which we obtained from seeds.</p> + +<p>This plant is readily propagated by parting its roots in autumn, and may +also be raised from seeds, which are plentifully produced: as it rarely +exceeds a foot in height, it becomes a suitable plant for the small +flower border, or for the decoration of rock-work.</p> + +<p>The leaves when bruised have the smell of garden balm.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[209]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Hibiscus_Trionum"></a><span class="smcap">Hibiscus Trionum. Bladder Hibiscus.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Monadelphia Polyandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> duplex: exterior polyphyllus. <i>Caps.</i> 5-locularis, +polysperma.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>HIBISCUS <i>Trionum</i> foliis tripartitis incisis, calycibus inflatis. +<i>Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 631.</i> <i>Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. +458.</i></p> + +<p>TRIONUM <i>Linn. Hort. cliff. 349.</i></p> + +<p>ALCEA vesicaria. <i>Bauh. Pin. 317.</i></p> + +<p>ALCEA peregrina five vesicaria. Venice Mallow, or Good night at +noone. <i>Park. Parad. p. 368. 307. f. 2.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img209.jpg"><img + src="images/img209-tb.jpg" width="236" height="400" + alt="No 209." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>209.</div> + +<p>Seeds of the plant here figured are sold in the seed-shops under the +name of Venice Mallow, a name by which it was known in the time of +<span class="smcap">Gerard</span> and <span class="smcap">Parkinson</span>: Mr. <span class="smcap">Aiton</span> has changed this for the more scientific +one of Bladder Hibiscus. Authors have also distinguished this plant by +terms expressive of the short-lived expansion of its flowers, which +<span class="smcap">Gerard</span> says open at eight o'clock in the morning and close about nine, +from whence he observes, that it might with propriety be called Malva +horaria: <span class="smcap">Miller</span> lengthens the duration of its blowing to a few hours: we +have frequently observed its blossoms continue sufficiently open to shew +their beauty the greatest part of the day, more especially towards the +close of summer.</p> + +<p>Few annuals are more admired than this, the inside of the flower is of +delicate cream colour, having the centre embellished with a rich purple +velvet, on which its golden antheræ are proudly conspicuous.</p> + +<p>It is said to be a native of Italy; a Cape variety, differing in +hairiness and a few other particulars is mentioned by <span class="smcap">Miller</span>, and +considered by him as a species.</p> + +<p>The least possible trouble attends the raising of this beautiful annual, +as it readily ripens its seeds, which falling on the ground produce +plants in abundance the ensuing spring; to have it flower as long as may +be, it will be proper to sow it at two or three different periods.</p> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[210]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Celsia_Linearis"></a><span class="smcap">Celsia Linearis. Linear-Leav'd Celsia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospermia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-partitus. <i>Cor.</i> rotata. <i>Filamenta</i> barbata, <i>Caps.</i> +2-locularis.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>CELSIA <i>linearis</i>. <i>Jacq. Collect. v. 2. n. 210.</i> <i>Icon. v. 2. t. +13.</i></p> + +<p>CELSIA <i>linearis</i> foliis ternis linearibus denticulatis.</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img210.jpg"><img + src="images/img210-tb.jpg" width="257" height="400" + alt="No 210." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>210.</div> + +<p>We here present our readers with the figure of a plant newly introduced +from France by Mr. <span class="smcap">Williams</span>, Nurseryman of Paris, collected originally +in Peru by Mr. <span class="smcap">Dombey</span>, whose flowers, if they do not equal those of the +Fuchsia already figured in elegance of form and growth, surpass them +somewhat in brilliancy of colour, whence it becomes a most desirable +plant for the purpose of ornament.</p> + +<p>Professor <span class="smcap">Jacquin</span>, who first gave a figure and description of this +plant, informs us in his Collectanea, that he received seeds of it from +Professor <span class="smcap">Ortega</span> of Madrid, under the name of <i>Celsia linearis</i>, which +name he has adopted; and we, from respect to such authority, have +continued; at the same time we must observe, that it ill accords with +that genus: the blossoms while in bud fold up somewhat in the same +manner as those of the Celsia, but on expansion they appear widely +different; their shape indeed then becomes truly singular, resembling a +half-formed imperfect corolla, its filaments are short and want the +hairs which in part characterise the Celsia; its seed-vessels also are +far from being round: its antheræ are large and close together, somewhat +like those of the Solanum, and there is so little of inequality in them, +that few students would be induced to refer its flowers to the class +Didynamia.</p> + +<p>Being a native of a warm climate, it comes to the greatest perfection +here when placed in a stove in which the heat is moderate; but it will +succeed very well if treated as a tender green-house plant: it does not +appear to be quite so hardy as the Fuchsia, nor to flower like that +plant at all seasons, but usually produces its blossoms in the latter +summer months, those are succeeded by seed-vessels producing perfect +seeds, by which, as well as by cuttings, the plant is propagated.</p> + +<p>Its leaves, which are not deciduous, are linear, and more or less +toothed, growing three together; this character however is somewhat +obscured by others growing from their bosoms.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[211]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Sedum_Populifolium"></a><span class="smcap">Sedum Populifolium. Poplar-Leav'd Stonecrop.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Decandria Pentagynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-fidus. <i>Cor.</i> 5-petala. <i>Squamæ</i> nectariferæ 5 ad basin +germinis. <i>Caps.</i> 5.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>SEDUM <i>populifolium</i> foliis planis cordatis dentatis petiolatis, +corymbis terminalibus. <i>Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 109.</i></p> + +<p>SEDUM <i>populifolium</i> foliis petiolatis cordatis dentatis, floribus +paniculatis. <i>Linn. fil. suppl. p. 242.</i></p> + +<p>SEDUM <i>populifolium</i>. <i>Pallas, it. 3. p. 730. t. O. fig. 2.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img211.jpg"><img + src="images/img211-tb.jpg" width="260" height="400" + alt="No 211." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>211.</div> + +<p>Professor <span class="smcap">Pallas</span>, the celebrated Russian naturalist, discovered this +species of Sedum in Siberia, and in the year 1780, introduced it to the +royal garden at Kew; the younger <span class="smcap">Linnæus</span> describes it minutely in his +<i>Suppl. Plantarum</i>, and observes, that in its general form it much +resembles the <i>Saxifraga rotundifolia</i>.</p> + +<p>Its leaves are flat as in many of the other species, and when the plant +grows in an open situation, exposed to the sun, they become as well as +the stalks of a bright red colour, which adds much to its beauty.</p> + +<p>It is the only hardy Sedum cultivated; in our gardens with a shrubby +stalk, its leaves however are deciduous, so that in the winter it loses +its verdure, it flowers in July and August, and is readily increased by +cuttings.</p> + +<p>As most of this tribe grow readily, and many of them naturally on rocks +and walls, they may be in general regarded as proper rock plants, some +of them however are apt by the quickness of their growth to extend over +and destroy plants of more value; this fault, if such it may be deemed, +is not imputable to the <i>populifolius</i>.</p> + +<p>Some not knowing its native place of growth, keep it in the +green-house.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[212]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Tanacetum_Flabelliforme"></a><span class="smcap">Tanacetum Flabelliforme. Fan-Leaved Tansy.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Recept.</i> nudum. <i>Pappus</i> submarginatus. <i>Cal.</i> imbricatus, +hemisphæricus. <i>Cor.</i> radii obsoletæ, trifidæ. <i>Linn. (interdum +nullæ omnesque flosculi hermaphroditi.) Murr.</i></p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>TANACETUM <i>flabelliforme</i> corymbis simplicibus, foliis deltoidibus +apice serratis. <i>L'Herit. Sert. Angl. t. 27.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. +3. p. 169.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img212.jpg"><img + src="images/img212-tb.jpg" width="250" height="400" + alt="No 212." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>212.</div> + +<p>There is a neatness in the appearance of this plant, which joined to the +singular form of its foliage, varying also from the general hue, +entitles it to a place in the green-house.</p> + +<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">Masson</span> discovered it at the Cape, and introduced it here in 1774. +<i>Ait. Kew.</i></p> + +<p>It flowers from May to August, grows freely, and is usually propagated +by cuttings.</p> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[213]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Polygonum_Orientale"></a><span class="smcap">Polygonum Orientale. Tall Persicaria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Octandria Trigynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 0. <i>Cor.</i> 5-partita, calycina. <i>Sem.</i> 1. angulatum.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>POLYGONUM <i>orientale</i> floribus heptandris digynis, foliis ovatis, +caule erecto, stipulis hirtis hypocrateriformibus. <i>Linn. Syst. +Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 377.</i> <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 2. p. 32.</i></p> + +<p>PERSICARIA <i>orientalis</i> nicotianæ folio calyce florum purpureo. +<i>Tournef. cor. 38.</i> Schovanna-modelamuccu. <i>Rheed. Mal. 12. p. 147. +t. 76.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img213.jpg"><img + src="images/img213-tb.jpg" width="240" height="400" + alt="No 213." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>213.</div> + +<p>Of the genus Polygonum, the present well-known native of the East, as +well as of India, is the principal one cultivated in our gardens for +ornament, and is distinguished not less for its superior stature than +the brilliancy of its flowers; it will frequently grow to the height of +eight or ten feet, and become a formidable rival to the gigantic +sun-flower.</p> + +<p>There is a dwarf variety of it, and another with white flowers; it has +been observed to vary also in point of hairiness.</p> + +<p>It flowers from July to October, and produces abundance of seed, which, +falling on the borders, generally comes up spontaneously in the spring; +but it is most commonly sown in the spring with other annuals: when the +seedlings appear, they should be thinned so as to stand a foot apart. +This plant requires very little care, and will bear the smoke of London +better than many others.</p> + +<p>Was cultivated by the Dutchess of <span class="smcap">Beaufort</span>, in 1707. <i>Ait. Kew.</i></p> + +<p>The Stipulæ on the stalk are deserving of notice, being unusual in their +form, and making it look as if beruffled.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[214]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Dracocephalum_Denticulatum"></a><span class="smcap">Dracocephalum Denticulatum. Toothed Dragon's-Head.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospermia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Corollæ faux</i> inflata: <i>labium</i> superius concavum.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>DRACOCEPHALUM <i>denticulatum</i> floribus spicatis remotis, foliis +obovato-lanceolatis superne denticulatis. <i>Ait. Kew. V. 2. p. 317.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img214.jpg"><img + src="images/img214-tb.jpg" width="218" height="400" + alt="No 214." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>214.</div> + +<p>About the year 1786, we received from Philadelphia, seeds of a plant +collected at a considerable distance from that city, announced to us as +new and rare, and which produced the present species of <i>Dracocephalum</i>: +Mr. <span class="smcap">Watson</span>, Nurseryman at Islington, obtained the same plant from +Carolina, about the same period.</p> + +<p>It is a hardy perennial, multiplying considerably by its roots, which +creep somewhat; it must be planted in a moist soil, and shady situation, +for such it affects, and in such only will it thrive.</p> + +<p>It flowers in August and September.</p> + +<p>It bears a considerable affinity to the <i>Dracocephalum virginianum</i>, to +which, though a much rarer plant, it is inferior in point of beauty; it +spreads more on the ground, its flowering stems are not altogether so +upright, nor so tall, the leaves are broader, and the flowers in the +spikes less numerous.</p> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[215]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Ranunculus_Acris"></a><span class="smcap">Ranunculus Acris Flore Pleno. Double Upright Crowfoot.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Polyandria Polygynia.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Cal.</i> 5-phyllus. <i>Petala</i> 5, intra ungues poro mellisero. <i>Sem.</i> +nuda.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>RANUNCULUS <i>acris</i> calycibus patulis, pedunculis teretibus, foliis +tripartito multifidis: summis linearibus. <i>Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. +Murr. p. 517.</i></p> + +<p>RANUNCULUS hortensis erectus flore pleno. <i>Bauh. Pin. p. 178. ?.</i></p> + +<p>RANUNCULUS pratensis flore multiplici. <i>Park. Parad. p. 218.</i></p> + +<p>The double yellow field Crowfoot.</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img215.jpg"><img + src="images/img215-tb.jpg" width="240" height="400" + alt="No 215." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>215.</div> + +<p>In giving a representation of this species of Ranunculus, we have made a +slight deviation from the strict letter of our plan, as expressed in the +title page, which confines us to the figuring of foreign plants only; we +have thought, however, that it would not be inconsistent with the spirit +of the <i>Flower-Garden Displayed</i>, were we occasionally to introduce such +English plants as have double flowers, and which, on that account, are +thought worthy of a place in every garden; they are but few in number, +and we flatter ourselves that this trifling alteration will be approved +by our numerous readers.</p> + +<p>The <i>Ranunculus acris</i> is the first that we offer of these; a plant, in +its wild and single state, common in all our rich meadows, and in its +improved, or to speak more botanically, in its monstrous state (all +double flowers being monsters, for the most part formed from the +preternatural multiplication of their petals) it has long been +cultivated in gardens abroad, as well as here.</p> + +<p>There are certain ornamental plants of the perennial kind, which, if +once introduced, will succeed with the least possible trouble, and +therefore suit such as have little time to bestow on their +flower-gardens; the present plant is one of those: if the soil in which +we plant it be moist, it will grow most readily, and flower during the +months of June and July; and it is easily increased, by parting its +roots in autumn.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><h2>[216]</h2> + +<p class='center'><a name="Cypripedium_Album"></a><span class="smcap">Cypripedium Album. White-Petal'd Ladies Slipper.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Class and Order.</i></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">Gynandria Diandria.</span></p> + +<p class='center'><i>Generic Character.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Nectarium</i> ventricosum inflatum cavum.</p></div> + +<p class='center'><i>Specific Character and Synonyms.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>CYPRIPEDIUM <i>album</i> radicibus fibrosis foliis ovato-lanceolatis +caulinis, petalis obtusis. <i>Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3. p. 303.</i></p> + +<p>HELLEBORINE Calceolus dicta mariana flore gemello candido, venis +purpureis, striato. <i>Pluk. Mant. 101. t. 418. f. 3.</i></p> + +<p>CYPRIPEDIUM <i>hirsutum</i> foliis oblongo ovatis venosis hirsutis flore +maximo. <i>Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to.</i></p> + +<p>CYPRIPEDIUM <i>spectabile</i>. Corolla labio superiore ovali basi retuso +concavo subtus carina obtusa, inferiore petalis longiore grosso. +<i>Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. V. 1. p. 78.</i></p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/img216.jpg"><img + src="images/img216-tb.jpg" width="244" height="400" + alt="No 216." /></a><br /> + N<sup>o</sup>216.</div> + +<p>Of the genus <i>Cypripedium</i>, Great-Britain produces only one, America +several species; of these the <i>album</i> here figured, (whose name is +derived from the whiteness of its petals, and with which the nectary +must not be confounded) is by far the most magnificent; indeed there are +few flowers which to such singularity of structure add such elegance and +beauty: it grows spontaneously in various parts of North-America, and +chiefly in the woods; was introduced to the royal garden at Kew, by Mr. +<span class="smcap">William Young</span> about the year 1770, but was known to Mr. <span class="smcap">Miller</span>, and +cultivated by him at Chelsea long before that period; this intelligent +and truly practical author informs us, that all the sorts of Cypripedium +are with difficulty preserved and propagated in gardens; he recommends +them to be planted in a loamy soil, and in a situation where they may +have the morning sun only; they must, he observes, for the above +reasons, be procured from the places where they naturally grow; the +roots should be seldom removed, for transplanting them prevents their +flowering, which usually takes place in June.</p> + +<p>A greater proof of the difficulty of increasing these plants need not be +adduced than their present scarcity, though vast numbers have been +imported, how few can boast of possessing them, or of preserving them +for any length of time; careful management in their cultivation will +doubtless go far, but peculiarity of soil and situation would appear to +be of greater importance: it is well known that certain plants thrive in +certain districts only, the double yellow rose, for instance, barely +exists near London, yet this plant I have seen growing most luxuriantly, +and producing a profusion of bloom, in the late Mr. <span class="smcap">Mason's</span> garden, +Cheshunt, Herts, and in which various Orchis's also acquired nearly +twice their usual size,—enviable spot!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX.</h2> + +<blockquote><p>In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the <i>Sixth Volume</i> +are alphabetically arranged.</p></blockquote> + + +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Index"> +<tr><td><i>Pl.</i></td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Antirrhinum_Sparteum'><b>200</b></a></td><td align='left'>Antirrhinum sparteum.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Antirrhinum_Alpinum'><b>205</b></a></td><td align='left'>Antirrhinum alpinum.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Aster_Alpinus'><b>199</b></a></td><td align='left'>Aster alpinus.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Celsia_Linearis'><b>210</b></a></td><td align='left'>Celsia linearis.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Cheiranthus_Mutabilis'><b>195</b></a></td><td align='left'>Cheiranthus mutabilis.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Colutea_Frutescens'><b>181</b></a></td><td align='left'>Colutea frutescens.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Convolvulus_Nil'><b>188</b></a></td><td align='left'>Convolvulus Nil.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Coronilla_Valentina'><b>185</b></a></td><td align='left'>Coronilla valentina.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Cypripedium_Acaule'><b>192</b></a></td><td align='left'>Cypripedium acaule.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Cypripedium_Album'><b>216</b></a></td><td align='left'>Cypripedium album.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Dianthus_Barbatus'><b>207</b></a></td><td align='left'>Dianthus barbatus.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Dracocephalum_Denticulatum'><b>214</b></a></td><td align='left'>Dracocephalum denticulatum.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Erica_Grandiflora'><b>189</b></a></td><td align='left'>Erica grandiflora.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Fritillaria_Imperialis'><b>194</b></a></td><td align='left'>Fritillaria imperialis.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Geranium_Angulatum'><b>203</b></a></td><td align='left'>Geranium angulatum.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Geranium_Anemonefolium'><b>206</b></a></td><td align='left'>Geranium anemonefolium.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Hibiscus_Trionum'><b>209</b></a></td><td align='left'>Hibiscus Trionum.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Indigofera_Candicans'><b>198</b></a></td><td align='left'>Indigofera candicans.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Iris_Sambucina'><b>187</b></a></td><td align='left'>Iris sambucina.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ixia_Crocata'><b>184</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ixia crocata.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Lupinus_Perennis'><b>202</b></a></td><td align='left'>Lupinus perennis.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Melissa_Grandiflora'><b>208</b></a></td><td align='left'>Melissa grandiflora.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Narcissus_Angustifolius'><b>193</b></a></td><td align='left'>Narcissus angustifolius.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Narcissus_Biflorus'><b>197</b></a></td><td align='left'>Narcissus biflorus.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ornithogalum_Aureum'><b>190</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ornithogalum aureum.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Pelargonium_Bicolor'><b>201</b></a></td><td align='left'>Pelargonium bicolor.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Polygonum_Orientale'><b>213</b></a></td><td align='left'>Polygonum orientale.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Primula_Marginata'><b>191</b></a></td><td align='left'>Primula marginata.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ranunculus_Aconitifolius'><b>204</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ranunculus aconitifolius.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ranunculus_Acris'><b>215</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ranunculus acris flore pleno.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Salvia_Aurea'><b>182</b></a></td><td align='left'>Salvia aurea.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Saxifraga_Crassifolia'><b>196</b></a></td><td align='left'>Saxifraga crassifolia.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Sedum_Populifolium'><b>211</b></a></td><td align='left'>Sedum populifolium.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Selago_Ovata'><b>186</b></a></td><td align='left'>Selago ovata.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Syringa_Vulgaris'><b>183</b></a></td><td align='left'>Syringa vulgaris.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Tanacetum_Flabelliforme'><b>212</b></a></td><td align='left'>Tanacetum flabelliforme.</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<h2><a name="INDEXB" id="INDEXB"></a>INDEX.</h2> + +<blockquote><p>In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the <i>Sixth Volume</i> +are alphabetically arranged.</p></blockquote> + + + + + + +<div class='centered'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Index"> +<tr><td><i>Pl.</i></td><td> </td><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Aster_Alpinus'><b>199</b></a></td><td align='left'>Aster alpine.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Melissa_Grandiflora'><b>208</b></a></td><td align='left'>Balm great-flower'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Colutea_Frutescens'><b>181</b></a></td><td align='left'>Bladder-senna scarlet.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Celsia_Linearis'><b>210</b></a></td><td align='left'>Celsia linear-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Convolvulus_Nil'><b>188</b></a></td><td align='left'>Convolvulus azure.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Coronilla_Valentina'><b>185</b></a></td><td align='left'>Coronilla rue-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Pelargonium_Bicolor'><b>201</b></a></td><td align='left'>Crane's-bill two-colour'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Geranium_Angulatum'><b>203</b></a></td><td align='left'>Crane's-bill angular-stalk'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ranunculus_Aconitifolius'><b>204</b></a></td><td align='left'>Crowfoot mountain.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ranunculus_Acris'><b>215</b></a></td><td align='left'>Crowfoot upright-double.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Dracocephalum_Denticulatum'><b>214</b></a></td><td align='left'>Dragon's-head toothed.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Geranium_Anemonefolium'><b>206</b></a></td><td align='left'>Geranium anemone-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Erica_Grandiflora'><b>189</b></a></td><td align='left'>Heath great-flower'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Hibiscus_Trionum'><b>209</b></a></td><td align='left'>Hibiscus bladder.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Fritillaria_Imperialis'><b>194</b></a></td><td align='left'>Imperial crown.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Indigofera_Candicans'><b>198</b></a></td><td align='left'>Indigo white-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Iris_Sambucina'><b>187</b></a></td><td align='left'>Iris elder-scented.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ixia_Crocata'><b>184</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ixia saffron-colour'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Cypripedium_Acaule'><b>192</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ladies-slipper two-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Cypripedium_Album'><b>216</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ladies-slipper white-petal'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Syringa_Vulgaris'><b>183</b></a></td><td align='left'>Lilac common.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Lupinus_Perennis'><b>202</b></a></td><td align='left'>Lupine perennial.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Narcissus_Biflorus'><b>197</b></a></td><td align='left'>Narcissus narrow-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Narcissus_Biflorus'><b>197</b></a></td><td align='left'>Narcissus two-flower'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Ornithogalum_Aureum'><b>190</b></a></td><td align='left'>Ornithogalum golden.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Polygonum_Orientale'><b>213</b></a></td><td align='left'>Persicaria tall.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Primula_Marginata'><b>191</b></a></td><td align='left'>Primula silver-edg'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Salvia_Aurea'><b>182</b></a></td><td align='left'>Sage golden.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Saxifraga_Crassifolia'><b>196</b></a></td><td align='left'>Saxifrage oval-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Selago_Ovata'><b>186</b></a></td><td align='left'>Selago oval-headed.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Sedum_Populifolium'><b>211</b></a></td><td align='left'>Stonecrop poplar-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Tanacetum_Flabelliforme'><b>212</b></a></td><td align='left'>Tansey fan-leav'd.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Antirrhinum_Sparteum'><b>200</b></a></td><td align='left'>Toad-flax branching.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Antirrhinum_Alpinum'><b>205</b></a></td><td align='left'>Toad-flax alpine.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Cheiranthus_Mutabilis'><b>195</b></a></td><td align='left'>Wall-flower changeable.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href='#Dianthus_Barbatus'><b>207</b></a></td><td align='left'>William sweet.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="footnotes"> + +<h3>FOOTNOTES</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The name, indeed, of one of our colours is taken from its +blossoms. +</p> +<p>This Quotation from Gerard referring to its Smell belongs to the +Philadelphus coronarius or Mock-orange which both by him and +Parkinson is called Syringa, & which led to the Mistake.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> +</p><p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Florida sed postquam venêre in prata puellæ,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His illa, hæc aliis se floribus oblectabant;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Narcisso illa quidem bene olente, atq; illa Hyacintho.</span><br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> +</p><p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pro molli Viola, pro purpureo Narcisso,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carduus et spinis surgit Paliurus acutis.</span><br /> +</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> +</p><p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nusquam corpus erat, croceum pro corpore florem</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Inveniunt, foliis medium cingentibus albis.</span><br /> +</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> In saxosis udis alpium. <i>Jacq.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Radix perennis. <i>Jacq.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> In petrosis collibus et asperis, fabulosis apricisque +locis, apud Germanos nascitur. <i>Pempt. p. 177.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Sponte in sylvaticis, montosis (Carn. Siles. Tubing) +Germanys Fl. 1791. p. 147.</p></div> + +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 6, by William Curtis + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 6 *** + +***** This file should be named 21843-h.htm or 21843-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/1/8/4/21843/ + +Produced by Jason Isbell, Janet Blenkinship and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file made using scans of public domain works at the +University of Georgia.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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