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diff --git a/20811.txt b/20811.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9692c4f --- /dev/null +++ b/20811.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3212 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Two Decades, by Frances W. Graham and +Georgeanna M. Gardenier + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Two Decades + A History of the First Twenty Years' Work of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the State of New York + + +Author: Frances W. Graham and Georgeanna M. Gardenier + + + +Release Date: March 13, 2007 [eBook #20811] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DECADES*** + + +E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Marcia, and the Project Gutenberg +Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net) + + + +Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this + file which includes the original illustrations. + See 20811-h.htm or 20811-h.zip: + (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/0/8/1/20811/20811-h/20811-h.htm) + or + (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/0/8/1/20811/20811-h.zip) + + + + + +1874-1894. + +TWO DECADES: + +A History +of the +First Twenty Years' Work +of the +Woman's Christian Temperance Union +of the State of New York. + + +by + +FRANCES W. GRAHAM, LOCKPORT. + +and + +GEORGEANNA M. GARDENIER, OSWEGO. + +Written by Request of the Twentieth Annual Convention of the State Woman's +Christian Temperance Union, Held at Syracuse in October, 1893 + + + + + + + +[Illustration: BAPTIST CHURCH AT FREDONIA, N.Y. +"In which the first Crusade meeting was held."] + + + + +PREFACE BY MARY TOWNE BURT. + +GREETING. + + +This little volume now starts upon its way to visit the homes of those +who, with us, desire above all things the overthrow of the liquor +traffic. When it knocks at your door, kindly admit it and treat it as a +welcome guest--a loved friend; remain blind to its faults, and see only +the good intended. + +We send it forth, not for its literary merit, not for any honor to +ourselves, but as a faithful record of the work accomplished by the +Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the State of New York during the +two decades just closed. It was written at your request, and it is +yours, not ours. That it may be of benefit to the work and a pleasure to +the workers is all we ask. We commend it to you with earnest prayers and +best wishes. + +FRANCES W. GRAHAM. + +GEORGEANNA M. GARDENIER. + + + + +[Illustration: Mary T. Burt] + +TO OUR +CONSECRATED LEADER, +MARY TOWNE BURT, + +AND TO THE +TWENTY-TWO THOUSAND WHITE RIBBONERS +OF THE +EMPIRE STATE, +THIS BOOK is AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED +BY +THE AUTHORS + + + + +OFFICERS, 1894. + +PRESIDENT: +MRS. MARY TOWNE BURT, 217 W. 134th St., _New York City_. + +FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT: +MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, A.M., _West New Brighton, S. I_. + +CORRESPONDING SECRETARY: +MRS. FRANCES W. GRAHAM, 274 Church St., _Lockport_. + +RECORDING SECRETARY: +MRS. GEORGEANNA M. GARDENIER, 64 E. Cayuga St., _Oswego_. + +TREASURER +MRS. ELLEN L. TENNEY, 484 Madison Ave., _Albany_. + + + +STATE HEADQUARTERS: + +No. 30 WEST 230 STREET, NEW YORK CITY. + +COUNTY STANDARD BEARERS, +1894 + + + +_Albany_--Mrs. C. J. A. JUMP, Albany. +_Allegany_--Mrs. V. A. WILLARD, Belmont +_Broome_--Mrs. W. H. BRISTOL, Binghamton. +_Cattaraugus_--Mrs. M. G. PECKHAM, Leon. +_Cayuga_--Mrs. P. J. ADAMS, Moravia. +_Chautauqua_--Mrs. M. S. MEAD, Jamestown. +_Chemung_--Mrs. S. W. STODDARD, Horseheads. +_Chenango_--'Mrs. C. A. MOORE, Mt. Upton. +_Clinton_--Mrs. FRANCES D. HALL, Plattsburg. +_Columbia_--Mrs. MARCIA C. POWELL, Ghent. +_Cortland_--Mrs. FANNIE KEESE, Cortland. +_Delaware_--Mrs. CLARA HILSINGER, Sidney. +_Dutchess_--Mrs. H. A. NELSON, Poughkeepsie. +_Erie_--Mrs. CLARA T. SISSON, Collins. +_Essex_--Mrs. ADA J. R. BEERS, Port Henry. +_Franklin_--Mrs. W. F. WINKLEY, Malone. +_Fulton_--Mrs. GEORGE CLARK, Amsterdam. +_Genesee_--Mrs. ANNA E. RICE, Batavia. +_Greene_--Miss E. BRANDOW, Coxsackie. +_Herkimer_--Mrs. L. P. DAVIES, Herkimer. +_Jefferson_--Mrs. E. GURNEY, Clayton. +_Kings_--Mrs. L. VANDERHOEF, Brooklyn. +_Lewis_--Mrs. M. B. O'DONNELL, Lowville. +_Livingston_--Mrs. H. M. FREEMAN, Lima. +_Madison_--Mrs. E. C. BUSHNELL, Lakeport. +_Monroe_--Mrs. F. N. PARISH, Churchville. +_Montgomery_--Mrs. J. G. DEGRAFF, Amsterdam. +_New York_--Mrs. E. FRANCES LORD, New York. +_Niagara_--Mrs. RUTH A. FROST, Barker's. +_Oneida_--Mrs. THEODOSIA M. FOSTER, Verona. +_Onondaga_--Mrs. M. D. FERGUSON, Syracuse. +_Ontario_--Mrs. A. H. WOOD, Farmington. +_Orange_--Mrs. L. H. WASHINGTON, Port Jervis. +_Orleans_--Mrs. G. A. HEWITT, Gaines. +_Oswego_--Mrs. S. M. BARKER, New Haven. +_Otsego_--Mrs. ELLEN TALLMADGE, Otsego. +_Putnam_--Mrs. LYMAN F. BROWN, Carmel. +_Queens_--Mrs. C. H. HARRIS, Jamaica. +_Rensselaer_--Mrs. S. A. KENNEY, Troy. +_Richmond_--Mrs. SARAH R. MORRIS, West New Brighton. +_Rockland_--Mrs. J. A. DINGMAN, Spring Valley. +_Saratoga_--Mrs. GRACE ANDRESS, Gansevoort. +_Schenectady_--Mrs. M. CLOWE, Schenectady. +_Schoharie_--Mrs. L. A. WILCOX, Jefferson. +_Schuyler_--Mrs. L. L. CLAWSON, Havana. +_Seneca_--Mrs. J. STORY, Cayuga. +_Steuben_--Mrs. A. M. HART, Hornellsville. +_St. Lawrence_--Mrs. M. D. SILL, Massena. +_Suffolk_--Mrs. EVA HORTON, Greenport. +_Sullivan_--Mrs. M. M. McKoon, Long Eddy. +_Tioga_--Mrs. N. H. HUTCHINSON, Oswego. +_Tompkins_--Mrs. D. C. BOUTON, Ithaca. +_Ulster_--Mrs. E. U. BURGESS, Highland. +_Warren_--Mrs. T. TRITTON, Glens Falls. +_Washington_--Mrs. J. H. MASON, Greenwich. +_Wayne_--Miss H. ELLEN ORTON, Sodus. +_Westchester_--Miss H. A. ROLLINS, Yonkers. +_Wyoming_--Miss KATE MANNING, Attica. +_Yates_--Miss CELIA S. HUTTON, Penn Yan. + + + + +TABLE OF CONTENTS. + + +PREFACE 11 + +Sketch of Mrs. Esther McNeil, Veteran Crusader 14 + + +PROLOGUE 15 + + +CHAPTER I.--"The Sober Second Thought of the Crusade" 19 + +Sketch of Mrs. Allen Butler, first President 27 + + +CHAPTER II.--Constitution and By-Laws, with changes 29 + +Sketch of Mrs. Maria Hyde Hibbard, second President 32 + + +CHAPTER III.--Organization 33 + +Sketch of Mrs. Mary Towne Burt, our President 40 + + +CHAPTER IV.--Educational 44 + +Sketch of Mrs. Ella A. Boole, First Vice-President 51 + + +CHAPTER V.--Evangelistic 53 + +Sketch of Mrs. Frances W. Graham, Corresponding Secretary 57 + + +CHAPTER VI.--Legislation and Petition 59 + +Sketch of Mrs. Georgeanna M. Gardenier, Recording Secretary 67 + + +CHAPTER VII.--Social and Political 70 + +Sketch of Mrs. Ellen L. Tenney, Treasurer 75 + + +CHAPTER VIII.--Miscellaneous 77 + +Financial Statement, 1874-1894 84 + +Officers, 1874-1894 85 + +Annual Meetings 86 + +World's Fair Banner 87 + + + + +LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. + + +Crusade Church Frontispiece + +Mrs. Mary Towne Burt Facing page 5 + +Mrs. Esther McNeil " " 14 + +Mrs. Allen Butler " " 27 + +Mrs. Maria Hyde Hibbard " " 32 + +Mrs. Mary Towne Burt " " 40 + +Mrs. Ella A. Boole " " 51 + +Mrs. Frances W. Graham " " 57 + +Mrs. Georgeanna M. Gardenier " " 67 + +Mrs. Ellen L. Tenney " " 75 + + + + +PREFACE. + + +Histories are strange things: they uncover so many hidden events, and +bring back so many lost memories. A history that traces the beginnings +of a reform movement, that weaves the shuttle of memory in and out of +the web of the past and presents a perfect woof of fact and incident, is +a treasury of knowledge that will not fail to delight and instruct. But +the compilation of such a history is no easy task, and especially is +this true of an organization with the many ramifications of the Woman's +Christian Temperance Union of the State of New York. + +The 14th of October, 1894, marked the twenty-first milestone in our +history, and the story that follows is the story of the hopes and fears, +the smiles and tears of the past twenty years, mingled with songs of +rejoicing for grand achievement. For twenty years this organization has +stood with undaunted front against the sin of the state as represented +by the legalized traffic in intoxicating liquors and by the awful vice +that would put a premium on woman's shame. + +During this time it has uttered its shibboleth that that political +party, and that only, which declares in its platform for the complete +prohibition of the liquor traffic, can have its influence and its +prayers. There have been days of darkness and disaster, but by the grace +of God no weapon turned against the union has prospered, and every +tongue that has risen in judgment has been condemned. The growth of the +organization has been marvelous, for in twenty years it has grown from a +few hundred members to twenty-two thousand, and from a few auxiliaries +to over nine hundred, which cover as a network the entire state. Its +workers are indefatigable, and wage their peaceful war for "sweeter +manners, purer laws," with an earnestness that carries conviction to the +hearts of the people and the law-makers of the state. And wherever there +is a wrong to right, an evil to attack, or a hand to help, there will +you find a woman with a white ribbon on her breast. + +The committee having this history in charge have searched faithfully the +records of twenty years. Some of the names recorded here have never been +heard by the workers of later years. Their owners have crossed the +boundary-line that separates this world from the next. But living and +dead speak with one voice of their love, service, and consecration to +the work; and out of these God has welded a union that stands for all +that is pure and good in government and the home, and whose work for Him +and for humanity will never cease until + + "All the bells of God shall ring the ship of Temperance in." + +We feel that the state is under many obligations to Mrs. Graham and Mrs. +Gardenier for so faithfully recording the work of these past years, for +while in one sense it has been a labor of love, yet the many hours spent +in earnest research for the necessary data must have been hours of toil. +And while we thank our beloved sisters for their work and interest, our +thoughts turn to the thousands of women whose lives have made this +history possible--those who have gone steadfastly forward in the line of +duty, thinking not of the world's applause, but doing all things and +bearing all things in the Master's name and for the Master's sake. + +With this history we have reached our majority--twenty-one years. "Old +enough to vote," I hear some one say. Yes, quite. But the state, whose +children we are marshaling under the total abstinence banner of the +Loyal Temperance Legion; with whose vice and misery we are in a +hand-to-hand conflict, and have done much to suppress; which has felt +the influence of our work in hundreds of directions, and whose +law-makers declare that it is good, and good only, has not yet awarded +us the right. But long before we reach our second majority the piece of +paper that "does the freeman's will as lightning does the will of God" +will be placed in the hand of woman, and sin and impurity, like the +shadows, will flee away. + +And for those who are still in the stress of the battle, for those who +will come after us, and for those who will kindly read these pages, "May +God bless us each and every one." + +MARY T. BURT. + +NEW YORK, November 9, 1894. + + + + +MRS. ESTHER McNEIL. + +(VETERAN CRUSADER) + + +Esther Lord was born in Carlisle, Schoharie county, New York, in the +year 1812. Her father was a Connecticut Yankee, her mother a native of +Massachusetts. When Esther was ten years of age her father died, leaving +ten children. We know little of the struggles through which they passed +before reaching manhood and womanhood. + +In 1832 she was married to James McNeil, of Carlisle, and together they +enlisted under the Washingtonian movement to fight the demon drink. +About a month after her marriage she became a Christian, and, with a new +heart, God gave her the desire to be of use to others, and she offered +herself to the Lord to care for homeless children. Although she has +never been blessed with children of her own, yet the mother heart has +not been empty. In 1868 she with her husband moved to Fredonia, +Chautauqua county, New York, with eight homeless children to be put to +school. Two years later her husband, who was a member of the State +Temperance Society, died, and in this same year one of her dear girls +died. + +In 1873 she entered the list of crusaders, and became a member of the +Woman's Christian Temperance Union, organized December 22, 1873. This +union has continued to be the leading union in the county, holding +weekly meetings, and loyal always to county, state, and national +organizations. Mrs. McNeil was the first county president, and for the +past seventeen years has been the local president in Fredonia. Although +now past eighty-two years of age, yet at the twenty-first annual +convention she led the "Crusaders' Hour" with great acceptance. + +[Illustration: MRS. ESTHER McNEIL.] + + + + +PROLOGUE. + + +When history shall have recorded the events of America's nineteenth +century, prominent among them will be the "Woman's Crusade," a movement +whose strength, please God, will not be spent until the last legalized +saloon has disappeared from this fair land. + +Hillsboro, Ohio, claims the birthplace, and December 23, 1873, as the +birthday of this momentous event. True, from this place and day the +influence deepened and widened, spreading to other localities with +wonderful rapidity; but to Fredonia, Chautauqua county, New York, is +accorded the honor of inaugurating the work, December 15, 1873. How was +this brought about? The story in brief is this: + +On Saturday evening, December 13, Dr. Dio Lewis, of Boston, had +delivered a popular lecture in Fredonia, and upon invitation of the Good +Templars remained to deliver a temperance lecture at a union service +Sunday night. The audience was large, but there was no indication of +unusual results from the meeting. The speaker presented the truth so +forcibly, and recommended plans of procedure so practical, that the +audience caught his spirit. At the close of the lecture it was evident +something was going to be done, and that right speedily. Dr. Lewis +outlined a plan of work which he had seen tried with success in his own +village when a youth, and later in other places. The thoughtful ones saw +its feasibility, and numbers spoke upon the question. Rev. Lester +Williams, pastor of the Baptist Church, said he believed in striking +while the iron was hot, and asked all the ladies who sympathized with +the proposition to hold a meeting of consultation relative to the work +to rise. Nearly every woman was upon her feet. A list of fifty names was +secured of those who were ready to act, and a committee consisting of +Mrs. A. L. Benton, Mrs. Dr. Fuller, and Mrs. J. P. Armstrong, Jr., was +appointed to draw up an appeal to be presented to the various liquor +dealers of the town. + +A meeting was called at the Baptist Church for Monday morning, December +15, at ten o'clock, to adopt the appeal and inaugurate the work. The +past few days had been dark and gloomy, but Monday was bright and +beautiful. Mr. Williams remarked that in it they could see the smile of +God upon the movement. About three hundred people gathered at the +appointed hour--men and women. The following appeal was submitted and +adopted: + + +APPEAL. + + In the name of God and humanity we make our appeal: + + Knowing, as we do, that the sale of intoxicating liquors is the + parent of every misery, prolific of all woe in this life and the + next, potent alone in evil, blighting every fair hope, desolating + families, the chief incentive to crime, we, the mothers, wives, and + daughters, representing the moral and religious sentiment of our + town, to save the loved members of our households from the + temptation of strong drink, from acquiring an appetite for it, and + to rescue, if possible, those that have already acquired it, + earnestly request that you will pledge yourself to cease the traffic + here in these drinks, forthwith and forever. We will also add the + hope that you will abolish your gaming tables. + +The women then retired to the room below, organized for work, and +arranged a line of march. The men meanwhile prayed and planned, +twenty-three of them pledging to pay the percentage of $1,000 placed +opposite their names for carrying on the work. + +At half-past twelve o'clock the procession marched out of the basement +of the Baptist Church, over one hundred being in line. These were the +wives of Fredonia's most respected citizens, venerable and revered +matrons, as well as many young women. Headed by Mrs. Judge Barker and +Mrs. Rev. Lester Williams, they quietly walked across the park straight +to the Taylor House saloon. The band of women filed in, nearly filling +the place. Mrs. Barker immediately made known their mission. Mrs. +Williams read to the proprietor the appeal. A hymn was sung to Pleyel's +sweet air, and all joined in the Lord's prayer, after which Mrs. +Tremaine, a venerable and gifted woman, offered a prayer full of +Christian tenderness. Mr. Taylor was then asked if he would not accede +to their appeal. He finally said, "If the rest will close their places, +I'll close mine." His brother and partner did not consent so readily. +The ladies asked him to consider the matter, promising to call the next +day for his decision. The proprietor replied "That he would be pleased +to see them every day," and politely bowed the ladies out. This visit +was a sample of those made until every saloon, hotel, and drug store had +been visited. This work was continued daily, and during the week union +prayer-meetings were held every night. One drug store responded to the +appeal; one hotel closed its bar; the visits became distasteful to one +dealer, and he locked the women out. + +The _Fredonia Censor_, a weekly paper, in its issue of Wednesday, +December 17, 1873, contained the following headlines: + + +_A TEMPERANCE REVIVAL._ + + * * * * * + +_Enthusiastic Meeting Sunday Evening--Every Place where Liquor is Sold +in Fredonia Visited by a Band of One Hundred Women on Monday--They +Appeal to the Proprietors to Stop the Traffic--A Season of Prayer and +Hymns in Rum Shops._ + +On Monday afternoon, December 21, the women met to perfect a permanent +organization, which they did by adopting the following pledge and name: + + +PLEDGE. + + We, the undersigned women of Fredonia, feeling that God has laid + upon us a work to do for temperance, do hereby pledge ourselves to + _united_ and _continuous_ effort to suppress the traffic in + intoxicating liquors in our village _until this work be + accomplished_; and that we will stand ready for united effort upon + any renewal of the traffic. We will also do what we can to alleviate + the woes of drunkards' families, and to rescue from drunkenness + those who are pursuing its ways. + +NAME. + + This society shall be known as _The Woman's Christian Temperance + Union of Fredonia_. + +Two hundred and eight members were enrolled, sixty-four of whom were +young women. The first officers were: Mrs. George Barker, President; +Mrs. D. R. Barker, Vice-President; Mrs. L. A. Barmore, Secretary; Mrs. +L. L. Riggs, Treasurer. + +Thus was the wonderful movement called "The Crusade" begun, and the +first local Woman's Christian Temperance Union organized. + +That the local paper was keeping a keen watch on the movements of the +women is evidenced by the following headlines in the _Censor_ of +December 24, 1873: + + +_TEMPERANCE REVIVAL._ + + * * * * * + +_One Less Bar to Practice At--A Permanent Temperance Union Formed--Over +Two Hundred Women Pledged "Until this Work is Accomplished."_ + + + + +CHAPTER I. + +"THE SOBER SECOND THOUGHT OF THE CRUSADE." + + +It soon became apparent that the methods of the crusade could not be +continued indefinitely; that in order to strengthen and perpetuate the +work already begun organization was necessary. This sentiment prevailed +in the State of New York, and many local societies, bearing various +names, had already been formed. + +The initiatory for a state organization was taken by the Woman's +Temperance Union of Syracuse, which, at a meeting held September 10, +1874, decided to call a state convention of all women's temperance +organizations, to be held at Syracuse in October, preparatory to the +great national convention which was to be held in November. A central +committee of five was appointed to make all necessary arrangements, and +on September 19th was issued the following: + +CALL. + + The Syracuse Woman's Temperance Union respectfully invite the + working temperance women throughout the state to meet in convention + in this city on the 14th day of October, at nine o'clock A. M., at + the First Methodist Church, for the purpose of organizing a state + temperance league, and to appoint delegates to the national + convention to be held in Cleveland, Ohio, November next. + + It is hoped that every town and city in the state will be represented. + All newspapers are requested to give the above an insertion and a local + notice, and all ministers are desired to read it from their desks. + + Delegates are requested to notify the secretary of their intention + to be present by the both of October, and places of entertainment + will be provided. A committee of reception will be in waiting at the + rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association, 16 South Salina + street, on Tuesday evening, and at the church on Wednesday morning. + + MRS. ALLEN BUTLER. + MRS. R. A. ESMOND. + MRS. E. B. STEVENS. + MRS. T. S. TRUAIR. + MRS. SAMUEL THURBER, + _Secretary Central Committee._ + +Pursuant to the above call, at nine o'clock A.M. of October 14, 1874, a +large gathering of earnest women from various parts of the state +assembled at the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Syracuse, for the +purpose of discussing the great interests of the temperance cause and +plan for its future advancement. + +The meeting was called to order by Mrs. Allen Butler, of Syracuse, who +was made temporary chairman, with Mrs. S. Thurber and Miss A. L. Didama +as secretaries. + +The permanent organization was perfected by the election of the +following officers: + +_President_--Mrs. Helen E. Brown, New York City. + +_Vice-Presidents_--Mrs. Allen Butler, Syracuse; Mrs. George Case, Sodus; +Mrs. L. B. Ayers, Penn Yan. + +_Secretary_--Mrs. N. B. Foot, Rome. + +_Assistant Secretaries_--Mrs. S. Thurber, Syracuse; Miss A. L. Didama, +Syracuse. + +The following reported and were registered as delegates, although many +others were present and participated in the deliberations: + + + _FIRST CONVENTION._ + + +DELEGATES TO FIRST MEETING. + +_Allegany County._ Mrs. T. B. Stowell, Cortland. +Mrs. B. C. Rude, Wellsville. Mrs. Day, Cortland. + Mrs. Dr. Green, Cortland. +_Broome County._ Mrs. E. L. Knight, Homer. +Mrs. H. R. Clark, Binghamton. Mrs. P. Barber, Homer. +Mrs. J. H. Parsons, Binghamton. +Mrs. L. C. Phillips, Binghamton. _Erie County._ + Mrs. L. M. Kenyon, Buffalo. +_Cayuga County._ +Mrs. Mary T. Burt, Auburn. _Herkimer County._ +Mrs. George Letchworth, Auburn. Mrs. L. Colton, Ilion. +Mrs. James Seymour, Auburn. Mrs. M. J. Buck, Ilion. +Mrs. C. W. Boyce, Auburn. Mrs. M. E. Perkins, Ilion. +Mrs. B. F. Hall, Auburn. Mrs. Albert Baker, Ilion. +Mrs. Dr. Wilkie, Auburn. Mrs. M. S. Angel, Ilion. +Mrs. Jennie M. Pierson, Auburn. +Mrs. William Donovan, Weedsport. _Kings County._ +Mrs. T. B. Foote, Weedsport. Mrs. Mary C. Johnson, Brooklyn. +Mrs. J. Gould, Weedsport. Mrs. Mary Richardson, Brooklyn. +Mrs. Susan Fox, Weedsport. Mrs. Geo. W. Thomas, Brooklyn. + +_Chautauqua County._ _Lewis County._ +Mrs. Esther McNeil, Fredonia. Mrs. M. B. O'Donnell, Lowville. +Mrs. H. C. Lake, Fredonia. Mrs. H. F. Lanfear, Lowville. + +_Chemung County._ _Livingston County._ +Mrs. Ransom Pratt, Elmira. Mrs. McMahon, Lima. +Mrs. Cleevis, Elmira. + _Madison County._ +_Clinton County._ Mrs. Dr. Jarvis, Canastota. +Mrs. George Bixby, Plattsburg. + _Monroe County._ +_Cortland County._ Mrs. E. A. Nelson, Rochester. +Mrs. J. S. Squires, Cortland. Miss S. J. Vosburg, Rochester. + +_New York County._ Mrs. C. W. Allis, Skaneateles. +Mrs. H. E. Brown, New York. Mrs. J. P. Clark, Obisco. +Mrs. R. P. Penfield, New York. + _Orleans County._ +_Oneida County._ Mrs. E. G. Gillett, Medina. +Mrs. M. M. Northrup, Utica. +Mrs. George Westcott, Utica. _Oswego County._ +Mrs. Peter Stryker, Rome. Mrs. E. A. Cooper, Fulton. +Mrs. N. B. Foot, Rome. Mrs. J. Miller, Fulton. +Mrs. O. C. Cole, Clinton. Mrs. George Goodier, Oswego. + Mrs. Francis Brown, Oswego. +_Ontario County._ Mrs. C. T. Bishop, Oswego. +Mrs. A. Petit, Gorham. Mrs. Elizabeth Clark, Oswego. +Mrs. E. G. Townsend, Geneva. +Mrs. E. W. Herendeen, Geneva. _Seneca County._ +Mrs. Adaline King, Geneva. Mrs. S. M. Metcalf, Seneca Falls. +Mrs. J. G. Gracey, Clifton Springs. Miss Emma Allen, Seneca Falls. +Mrs. T. J. Bissell, Phelps. + _Tioga County._ +_Onondaga County._ Mrs. L. Curtis, Waverly. +Mrs. Alien Butler, Syracuse. +Mrs. R. A. Esmond, Syracuse. _Tompkins County._ +Mrs. T. S. Truair, Syracuse. Mrs. S. Whitlock, Ithaca. +Mrs. J. L. Bagg, Syracuse. Mrs. C. M. Selkreg, Ithaca. +Mrs. J. P. Griffin, Syracuse. +Mrs. S. Thurber, Syracuse. _Wayne County._ +Mrs. George Greeley, Syracuse. Mrs. William H. Carkey, Clyde. +Mrs. Dr. Stevens, Syracuse. Mrs. Harris Wilbur, Clyde. +Mrs. J. J. Brown, Syracuse. Mrs. G. Case, Sodus. +Mrs. Beardsley, Syracuse. Mrs. C. P. Mundy, Sodus. +Miss A. L. Didama, Syracuse. +Miss M. E. Armstrong, Fayetteville. _Yates County._ +Mrs. M. Gage, Fayetteville. Mrs. L. B. Ayers, Penn Yan. +Miss Etta P. Avery, Fayetteville. Mrs. M. J. Lattimer, Penn Yan. +Mrs. Morehouse, Liverpool. Mrs. C. A. Allen, Benton Center. + + +FRATERNAL DELEGATES. + + +Mrs. T. K. Church, Washington, D.C.[1] +Mrs. Mary R. Denman, Newark, N.J. [2] +Mrs. J. Dunlap, Newark, N.J. +Miss Mary Dunlap, Newark, N.J. + +Of this number thirteen were present at the twentieth convention, held +at Syracuse in 1893; among them being the first chairman, Mrs. Butler; +the first secretary, Mrs. N. B. Foot; and Mrs. Esther McNeil, our +venerable crusader, of Fredonia. + +The keynote for the future was struck at the first convention, as will +be seen in the report of the committee appointed to recommend topics for +discussion. These represented the foundation principles of the +organization, and were as follows: + + +TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION. + +How should holly-tree inns or coffee-rooms be managed? What is their +history? + +Is it a part of woman's work in the temperance cause to attend to the +enforcing of the license laws? + +How can we arouse the young women to _think_ as they never have upon +this subject, and to realize that there is a practical obligation +resting upon them? + +How can we make professing Christians feel their responsibilities? + +What is the most judicious way of awakening the clergy to more zealous +effort in the cause of temperance, and securing the cooperation of the +church as a body? + +How can we work most effectually among the children? + +Can domestic wines be made and used consistently by Christian women, or +with safety to their families? Is it not encouraging intemperance? + +Can we, as temperance women, use wine and cider for culinary purposes +with consistency or safety? + +[1] Afterward President of District of Columbia W.C.T.U. +[2] Afterward President of New Jersey W.C.T.U. + +Pending these discussions a constitution was drafted. This was adopted, +and a state society called "The Christian Woman's State League" was +formed. + +The following officers were elected for the first year: + +_President_--Mrs. Allen Butler, Syracuse. + +_Vice-Presidents_--Mrs. Mary C. Johnson, Brooklyn; Mrs. Helen E. Brown, +New York; Mrs. Dr. Kenyon, Buffalo; Mrs. L. B. Ayers, Penn Yan; Mrs. B. +F. Hall, Auburn. + +_Corresponding Secretary_--Mrs. Dr. Greeley, Syracuse. + +_Recording Secretary_--Mrs. Mary T. Burt, Auburn. + +_Treasurer_--Mrs. T. S. Truair, Syracuse. + +During the first year two quarterly meetings were held--one at Brooklyn +in February, and one at Buffalo in May. At the Brooklyn meeting the +constitution was somewhat modified, and the name changed to the present +one--"The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the State of New York." + +The first legislative work of the society was the memorializing of +President Grant and Governor Dix. This memorial was prepared by Mrs. B. +C. Rude, of Wellsville, Miss M. E. Armstrong, of Fayetteville, and Mrs. +M. B. O'Donnell, of Lowville. + + +FIRST MEMORIAL. + + We, temperance women of the State of New York, in convention at + Syracuse, deeply sensible that intemperance is a prevailing and + corrupting power for evil, affecting the happiness and well-being of + multitudes of all classes and conditions impotent to protect + themselves from its influences, but citizens, all claiming the + natural and lawful protection of our rulers and executors of our + laws; that its pernicious influence in the home, by subverting every + principle of right, is in the aggregate corrupting the entire + national body, subverting the intent of our political institutions; + and whereas petitioning is our only resort, we have petitioned our + God, the Infinite Ruler, in your behalf, and now petition your + excellency, in behalf of the temperance cause, that you appoint + to positions in the civil service none but total abstinence men. + All of which we most respectfully submit, and for which your + petitioners will ever pray. + +The memorial to Governor Dix was presented directly by the State League; +that to President Grant was referred to the national society soon to be +formed. + +Twenty-two delegates were appointed to attend the convention called at +Cleveland, Ohio, November 18, 19, and 20, 1874, for the purpose of +organizing a national society. The State of New York was honored in this +convention by the appointment of Mrs. Mary T. Burt as secretary of the +organizing convention, and by the election of Mrs. Mary C. Johnson as +recording secretary, and Mrs. Dr. Kenyon as one of the vice-presidents +for the first year. + +The following resolutions were adopted at the first meeting, and must +have been drafted with a prophet's ken, as they have been largely +fulfilled in the years that have passed: + +RESOLUTIONS. + + WHEREAS, Intemperance has become so widespread, permeating every class + and condition of society, even from the sacred desk to the hovel, we + hail with gratitude to God the many indications of the revival in the + interest of temperance reform which exists in various portions of our + country, and especially do we rejoice that the women have been awakened + to the vast evils thereby entailed; and, relying upon divine guidance + and support, we feel that the present time is particularly auspicious + for that renewal and vigorous action on the part of friends of + temperance which the exigencies of all so urgently demand; therefore, + + _Resolved_, That we, the temperance women of the State of New York, do + organize a state temperance league, in the belief that we can the better + aid, encourage, and fortify each other in the suppression of this + growing vice, and in the creation of a universal and moral sentiment for + temperance and sobriety; and to this end there should be much earnest + prayer for God's wisdom to direct, His power to insure success, linked + with persistent personal effort. + + _Resolved_, That it is our duty and privilege to stand firm in our + example of total abstinence by abandoning the use of all intoxicants + from our tables and from every department of domestic life. + + _Resolved_, That, in the judgment of this convention, one of the great + hopes of the ultimate triumph of the temperance reform lies in a + thorough training of the youth of the land in such principles and + practices of temperance as will show them the fatal danger of drinking + and the criminality of selling liquors; and we earnestly entreat the + friends of the cause, and especially pastors of churches and + superintendents of Sunday-schools throughout the state, to take + immediate measures in their respective cities and towns for the + formation in perpetual continuance of temperance societies to be + composed of youths. + + _Resolved_, That the educational authorities of the state be and are + hereby respectfully and earnestly requested to cause to be introduced, + as soon as practicable, into all schools, text-books treating of the + nature of intoxicating liquors and of the effects upon the human + constitution, and that Sunday-schools introduce into their libraries + literature inculcating positive principles which will develop wholesome + temperance sentiment. + + _Resolved_, That we earnestly ask all good men to cooperate with us in + our labor, and also by their votes to complete the work to which all our + energies and our prayers are consecrated. + + For the accomplishment of these objects we shall religiously employ all + the means God has placed within our reach, and constantly invoke His aid + and guidance. + +This first convention was marked by deep spiritual power. No step was +taken without the manifest guidance of the Holy Spirit. + +The sweet gale, or Dutch myrtle, grows in moorland fens. It is a humble +plant, but _fragrant_; where it grows abundantly the miasma of the bog +is neutralized by its balsamic odors and antiseptic qualities, disease +is displaced and health established. So the sweet fragrance of the +Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the State of New York, planted at +Syracuse, has been carried by prayer and faith to all New York, "giving +beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, and the garment of praise +for the spirit of heaviness." + + + + +[Illustration: MRS. ALLEN BUTLER.] + +MRS. ALLEN BUTLER. + +(FIRST PRESIDENT) + + +Lucy Wood was born in Greenbush, Rensselaer County, New York, in 1820. +Her educational advantages were those offered by the public schools of +her native county. Having decided musical tastes she improved the +opportunities offered at the city of Albany for their cultivation, early +dedicating her gift of song to the causes she loved. She became a +Christian when thirteen years old, and by a long and useful Christian +life has adorned her profession. In 1841 she was united in marriage with +Allen Butler, and soon after removed to Syracuse, then a village of +about six thousand inhabitants. During her life of more than half a +century in Syracuse she has been identified with many of the Christian +and benevolent institutions of the city, as well as those of her own +church, to which she is devotedly attached. + +Frail in health, her interest in a cause often exceeded the strength to +work for it. This was the apparent condition of things when the crusade +with whirlwind power swept over the land. A life-long advocate of total +abstinence, her interest in the cause could not be restrained, and +gently her Heavenly Father led her in this work, first to a little +gathering of temperance women, at which, after much importunity, she +conducted the exercises. Some months later she became the chosen leader +of these women. It was from this consecrated band, over the signature of +Mrs. Butler with others, that the call for the first state convention of +temperance women was made. + +Who more appropriately than she could call that convention to order? And +when the State League, afterwards the Woman's Christian Temperance +Union, was organized, it was no surprise that Mrs. Allen Butler was +elected president, a position she retained for five years. These were +years of anxiety but of great advancement in temperance. This was due +not only to her thorough consecration and marked executive ability, but +to a life-long experience in other public enterprises, all of which she +brought to the temperance work. + +She was present at Cleveland and assisted in organizing the National +Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Through feebleness of body she has +been laid aside from active public work, but always as a member of a +local union has felt the heartbeat of the Woman's Christian Temperance +Union of New York State. At the "home-coming" in Syracuse in 1893, to +celebrate our twentieth anniversary, Mrs. Butler was present. A +Chautauqua salute greeted her upon presentation. After looking over the +large gathering she solemnly said, "What hath God wrought?" + + + + +CHAPTER II. + +CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS, WITH CHANGES. + + +The first constitution was adopted at Syracuse in October, 1874, but was +somewhat modified at the meeting held at Brooklyn in February, 1875, +when the name was changed from the "Christian Woman's State League" to +"Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the State of New York." + +The first constitution provided for four general officers, five +vice-presidents, and an executive committee of seven, all of whom were +to be elected in such manner as might be determined from time to time. A +financial basis was established at this time by fixing the auxiliary fee +at twenty-five cents. + +In 1878 a constitutional change was made reducing the number of +vice-presidents to three, and making the four general officers and three +others elected for that especial purpose the executive committee, these +to be nominated in open convention and elected by ballot. The terms of +auxiliaryship were changed from the twenty-five cent per member basis to +that of voluntary contributions to the state treasury by the local +unions. + +In 1881 the electing of vice-presidents was discontinued, the presidents +of organized counties being made _ex-officio_ vice-presidents of the +state union. The basis of representation was fixed at two delegates for +each local union. The financial basis of twenty-five cents per member +was again established. In 1882 the auxiliary fee was unfortunately +reduced to twenty cents per member, which has greatly crippled the work +since that time. + +In 1883 a radical change was made in the formation of the executive +committee. Since 1878 it had been composed of the four general officers +and three others elected by the convention. In this year the executive +committee was made to consist of the four general officers and the +presidents of county unions, who were _ex-officio_ vice-presidents of +the state union. + +In 1885 the constitution was thoroughly revised. A first vice-president +was added to the general officers, and the time for the annual +convention was fixed for the last week of September or the first week of +October. The manner of election was also changed, the nominations being +made by informal ballot. The basis of representation to the state +convention was changed as follows One delegate for every local union +having fifty or less than fifty paying members, and one for every +additional fifty members. The time for election of officers was fixed +for the morning of the last day of the convention. A life membership fee +of twenty-five dollars and an honorary membership fee of five dollars +annually were established, and have added greatly to the financial +prosperity of the work. A clause requiring a year's notice of proposed +change to the constitution was introduced. + +The society was incorporated in 1876 under the first order of electing +the executive committee. As this method had been changed, in order to be +legally entrenched for business purposes, in 1892 a change was made in +the constitution, making the five general officers the managers or +trustees, in harmony with the society's articles of incorporation. A +basis of representation at the state convention and auxiliaryship for +the Loyal Temperance Legion was also established, viz: "One delegate for +every thousand members of the Loyal Temperance Legion, such delegates +to be chosen from the superintendents of the Loyal Temperance Legion, +and to be an adult member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. The +basis of this representation shall be the payment into the state +treasury of one cent for every member of the legion." + +In 1893 the last change was made, which resumed the auxiliary fee of +twenty-five cents per member, as established in the first constitution, +as the basis of representation. + + + + +MRS. MARIA HYDE HIBBARD. + +(SECOND PRESIDENT) + + +Maria Hyde was born in Oxford, Chenango County, New York, and was +educated at the Oxford Academy, now the oldest incorporated academy in +this state, having in June last celebrated its centennial. Born and +reared in an eminently high spiritual and intellectual atmosphere, she +was well qualified for the positions which she filled so acceptably. She +was preceptress in the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, New York, +associate principal of the Seneca Collegiate Institute, also of the +Binghamton Academy, and was afterward preceptress of Oxford Academy +until her marriage with Rev. F. G. Hibbard, D.D., of the Methodist +Episcopal Church. + +Mrs. Hibbard was elected president of the State Woman's Christian +Temperance Union at Poughkeepsie in 1879, which office she filled for +three years, serving most faithfully and laying down the work only +because of the press of home duties. These years were years of peace and +harmony, and in giving of self to the cause she was also receiving a +blessedness in return. It was during these busy years that she organized +temperance work among the Indians on the reservation in Western New +York. She has many gifts and graces, and has kept even pace with her +husband (who is the author of several theological works of standing +authority) in both literary and spiritual attainments, and "her gifts +make room for her." She has been obliged to lay aside all public work +and devote herself to caring for her husband, whose ill health demands +most of her time, but she still gives her sympathies and her prayers to +and for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union--the workers and the +work. + +[Illustration: MRS. MARIA HYDE HIBBARD.] + + + + +CHAPTER III. + +ORGANIZATION. + + "In union there is strength" + + +At the first annual meeting, held at Ilion, a committee on organization +of state was appointed, consisting of Mrs. Dr. Kenyon, of Buffalo; Mrs. +Dr. Clary, of Auburn; Mrs. O'Donnell, of Lowville; Mrs. Truair and Miss +Noble, of Syracuse. This committee formed plans, and organizers were +appointed. Miss Elizabeth Greenwood, of Brooklyn, was the first one who +reported work done. + +At this time those who did organizing work were called state agents. +Miss Greenwood, in her first report, suggested the change from state +agent to state organizer, which suggestion was acted upon and the name +changed. + +For the first few years organization was effected by congressional +districts, but later on this was changed to organization by counties, +and has remained so up to the present time. + +Department work was first taken up in 1878, six departments being +considered. Those having the work in charge were known as chairmen of +standing committees. In 1880 this was changed to the present +name--superintendent of department. + +In 1882 the manner of representation to the national convention was +changed from congressional districts to grouping of counties. + +For a number of years organization was made the leading line of work, +and in 1888 only three counties remained unorganized. Many of our county +workers did valiant service in the line of organizing in their own +localities, but the grand result reached in this year was due largely to +the untiring energy and activity of our state organizers. Mrs. Burt, in +her annual address for 1888, refers to their work in the following +glowing words of commendation: + + But if our state excels, as I believe it does, in organization, it + is largely due to the fact that our organizers are beyond + comparison. Where will you find another Helen L. Bullock, or an E. + M. J. Decker, or a Vandelia Varnum, or a Cynthia Jump, or Augusta + Goodale, or such a list of county presidents, whom the record shows + have made organizing their "chief concern" during the past twelve + months? New York points with pride to these her daughters. They have + not stopped to reason why, they have not stopped to make reply, but + with a courage born of their high calling have gone steadfastly + forward, and in many instances have snatched the palm of victory + from the jaws of defeat. + +While paying this tribute to our organizers we do not forget her who +stood at the head of our state work during these years, planning, +directing, counseling, and encouraging. In Mary T. Burt we have a living +embodiment of "there's no such word as fail." For twelve years she has +led the white ribbon host of the Empire State, and if she can point with +pride to these her co-workers, saying, "Where will you find their +equal?" we can point with pride to our state president, and say, Where +will you find _her_ equal? Self has been forgotten, and with a courage +born of her convictions she has grandly carried forward the work, +standing always for the best interests of the state. And what is the +result? In this year of 1894 there is not a county in our state, except +one, [3] but what has a branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union +within its borders. + +[3] Hamilton County, a lumbering district with small population and few, +if any, railroad facilities. + +Owing to various circumstances and conditions, the work in one or two +counties has at different periods been suspended for a short time, +usually to be taken up again with renewed vigor. Our total membership is +more than twenty-two thousand, with an honorary membership of nearly +five thousand. + +In 1881 annual blanks were sent out for the first time, thus making it +easier to secure correct reports of membership and of work done. + +At the first annual meeting a form of pledge was appended to the +constitution recommended for local societies, which read as follows: + + We, the undersigned women of ----, severally pledge ourselves in + integrity and honor before God to abstain from the use of and from + traffic in all intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and that we will not + offer the same to others to be so used. And we further solemnly covenant + before God henceforth to work and pray for the suppression of + intemperance as a sin against God and man, and that in our work we will + use such means and forward such measures as God shall direct through the + Holy Spirit in answer to our prayer. + +This form was used for a few years only, and in 1878 we find +it changed to the following: + + I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all + distilled, fermented, and malt liquors, including wine and cider, as a + beverage, and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and + traffic in the same. + +In 1879 the words "as a beverage" were omitted, and the above pledge, +with this change, is the one which is recommended to all local unions, +and has stood so from 1879 until the present day. + + +JUVENILE WORK. + + "The door of millennial glory has a child's hand on the latch." + MOTTO: "Tremble, King Alcohol! We shall grow up." + +At the first meeting of the "State League," in 1874, one of the topics +for discussion was, "How can we work most effectually among the +children?" showing that in the very beginning they realized the fact +that the hope of our final victory rests in the children, and the unions +were urged to organize juvenile unions and Bands of Hope. The following +year an interesting paper on juvenile work was read by Mrs. Bingham, of +Rome, and a resolution adopted, which read: + + _Resolved_, That we urge upon our Sabbath-school superintendents the + necessity of forming temperance organizations in every + Sabbath-school, that the children be early pledged to total + abstinence. + +A form of constitution and by-laws for juvenile societies was +recommended at this time, such society to be auxiliary to the Woman's +Christian Temperance Union. A form of pledge was also recommended, as +follows: + + We, the undersigned children and youth of ----, having been + instructed that the continued use of intoxicating liquors injures + the body and endangers the soul, believe that it is safest for us + never to begin. We do therefore solemnly promise never to use or + traffic in any whiskey, brandy, wine, beer, ale, or anything that + can intoxicate, as a beverage, nor encourage others to do so; and we + will not use it as a medicine, unless prescribed by our parents or + our physician. May God help us to keep our pledge. + +The pledge of to-day is the triple pledge against alcohol, tobacco, and +profanity, and even as early as 1875 we find a mention of this pledge as +the one used by the children's society of Ilion, which then numbered two +hundred members. In 1875 Syracuse had a juvenile society called Cold +Water Templars, which had two thousand members, and Brooklyn reported a +Band of Hope with one thousand children pledged. + +Carrying out the spirit of the suggestions and recommendations, children +were organized under various names--Band of Hope, Band of Blue, Cold +Water Temple, Juvenile Union, etc.,--and the work has been kept to the +front during all these years, until now all juvenile societies connected +with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union are marching under one +name--the Loyal Temperance Legion. + +In 1891 the president in her annual address referred to "that splendid +child of ours, the Loyal Temperance Legion," and suggested a plan +whereby it might become auxiliary to the state, thereby giving to the +children a feeling of helpfulness and cooperation, and to the state an +inspiration which the representatives of twenty-five thousand children +would be sure to give. + +In accordance with this suggestion, originally made by Mrs. +Helen Rice, national superintendent, and Mrs. Harriet A. Metcalf, +state superintendent, an organization was formed and called +State Loyal Temperance Legion. This is composed of three +hundred and eighty-eight companies. The year 1893 marks an +era in Loyal Temperance Legion work, this being the year in +which they began paying dues to the State Woman's Christian +Temperance Union, thereby being entitled to their own delegate +to the state convention. + +The juvenile work of our state has received the very best thought of +those having it in charge. It was taken up as a department first in +1880, with Mrs. Frances D. Hall, of Plattsburg, as superintendent. In +1881 Mrs. Dr. Foster, of Clifton Springs, was appointed, each of these +serving one year. In 1882 and 1883 Mrs. H. A. Perrigo, of Brockport, was +the superintendent, and she was succeeded by Mrs. Jennie M. Pierson, of +Auburn, who held the office for two years. In 1886 Mrs. Perrigo was +again appointed, and she has been the superintendent from that time +until now, with just a change of name from Perrigo to Metcalf. Two +annual meetings have been held since the organization of a State Loyal +Temperance Legion--one at Syracuse and one at Cortland. That the +children might be rooted and grounded in the total abstinence faith, a +thorough course of study in the Lesson Manuals was prepared, and a plan +evolved by which members of the legions who passed the examinations +should receive diplomas. One hundred and forty have graduated and +thirty-eight have won seals. + + * * * * * + + +YOUNG WOMAN'S WORK. + + "That our daughters may be as corner-stones, polished after the + similitude of a palace"--Psalm cxliv., 12. + + "The future destiny of this nation must depend largely on the moral + platform which young women occupy, and the height to which they + elevate the standards of purity, temperance, and Christianity." + +As an answer to the question asked at the meeting of 1874, "How can we +arouse the young women to _think_ as they never have upon this subject?" +Miss Willard was secured to address the young women at the following +convention, held at Ilion, and so marked was the effect upon her hearers +that a Young Ladies' Temperance Union was organized that afternoon, with +Miss Jessie Remington, of Ilion, as president. + +In 1879 a standing committee for "Young Ladies' Societies" was +appointed, with Mrs. Frances Barnes as chairman. In 1880 this was +changed to a department, and Mrs. S. R. Gray, of Albany, made the +superintendent. In 1882 Miss Mary McClees was made superintendent of +this line of work. In 1884 kitchen garden work was added, Miss Emilie +Underhill having charge of the department. During her years of service +we find an addition to her name, that of Burgess having been added, and +as Emilie Underhill Burgess she continued as superintendent of the +department until the convention of 1887, kitchen garden work being +dropped in the meantime. + +She was succeeded by Mrs. C. J. A. Jump, of Albany, who holds the position +at this time. The work accomplished by this "faithful few" cannot be +estimated, for who can measure the influence of the young women who +during all these years have been learning the lessons which should fit +them for better service in the Master's vineyard, and who during these +years have answered for themselves the question which opens this +department of organization work? + +In 1892 a change was made, taking this from the regular department work +and making it the Young Woman's Branch, with Mrs. Jump as secretary, and +about fifteen hundred young women in our state march under our white +banner and demand "a white life for two." + + + + +MRS. MARY TOWNE BURT. + +(OUR PRESIDENT) + + +Mrs. Mary Towne Burt, the third president of the New York State Woman's +Christian Temperance Union, has occupied that position now for twelve +years. If antecedents and previous faithful service are any indication +of desert, then indeed she "came to the kingdom" worthily, and we need +not wonder that she holds her place easily, nor that the work flourishes +abundantly under her administration. Gifted with a fine presence, a +pleasing address, and a well-balanced judgment, she is a fitting leader +for the largest state delegation in the national convention. It is +equally a pleasure to see her preside over our state convention of +capable women, which often outnumbers the national organization, if it +does not have so wide-reaching an influence. Her ability as a presiding +officer has often been complimented by competent judges, and a quiet +confidence in the fairness and impartiality of her rulings pervades the +atmosphere of the assemblage and greatly aids the transaction of +business, while many a pleasant little episode is graciously received +and made to facilitate the progress of the programme. + +Born of English parentage in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, she was at +the tender age of four years bereft of the care of a cultured father, +who had been educated for the clerical ranks of the Church of England. +Her mother, with whom she had a rare sympathy, was spared to an advanced +age to encourage every good work by her sympathy and prayers. Her youth +was spent in Auburn, New York, where she received rare educational +advantages at Brown's Institute, and where in 1865 she was married to +Edward Burt, of one of the oldest families in the state. + +[Illustration: MARY TOWNE BURT.] + +When her only child was yet a lad the crusade tocsin found her ready to +respond, in accordance with her own convictions and her mother's +faithful teachings. She gave a public address in the opera house at +Auburn, and served for two years as the first president of the local +union in that place, and at the first meeting of the national union, at +Cleveland, she was one of the secretaries. In 1875 she was first the +publisher and then the managing editor of the national paper, _Our +Union_, her home at this time being in Brooklyn. From 1878 to 1880 she +was corresponding secretary of the national union, with her office in +the Bible House, New York City. + +She has been identified with the New York State union since its +inception. As its recording secretary for the first seven years of its +existence, she had much to do with shaping its aims and its policy. +After serving one year as corresponding secretary, she was elected +president in 1882, at the convention in Oswego. At that time the state +union had a membership of about three thousand, with but thirteen of the +sixty counties organized. During the years of her presidency all the +remaining counties but one have been organized, and the membership has +gone up to twenty-two thousand. In her first annual address she +recommended a change in the form of the executive committee, +substituting for the three previously elected by ballot, in addition to +the general officers, the vice-presidents of the state, who were the +presidents of the county unions. This changed the possible numbers of +the executive committee from seven to sixty-four. Other measures +recommended by her have been the publication of a state paper, the +opening of state headquarters in New York City, securing permanent +headquarters, putting up a building on the permanent state fair grounds +at Syracuse, creating the departments of Non-Alcoholics in Medicine and +Rescue Work for Girls, the memorializing of the Democratic and +Republican parties in behalf of prohibition and for the enfranchisement +of woman, and petitioning the constitutional convention of 1894 for the +last two purposes. + +For some years she has had charge of the legislative interests. In +1885-87 she was superintendent of the Department of Social Purity, and +at once entered upon a vigorous campaign to raise "the age of consent" +for young girls. In 1887 this effort was successful, the legislature +raising the age from ten years to sixteen years. In 1891-92 she led in +the legislative work that resulted in the closing of the New York State +exhibit at the World's Fair on the Sabbath, and in the passage of the +bill prohibiting the employment of barmaids in saloons. She also led in +the protest against the excise bill which resulted in the modification +of some of its worst features, and in the protest against the infamous +bill to legalize the social evil, preventing its introduction into the +legislature. + +As an organizer she has been indefatigable. "Heat, cold, and wet and +dry" were all equally braved by her in the task of meeting the women of +many a locality and explaining the methods of this beneficent work, +while her discriminating eye quickly selected those best fitted to lead +off to success. On all occasions she has fostered a love for sincere +temperance work, which has been of the greatest advantage to the +stability and straightforwardness of the organization in all parts of +the state. She has presided at the organization of a large proportion of +the county unions. The personal acquaintance with the active members +thus gained has greatly aided her in the selection of superintendents +and committees, so far as it falls to the lot of the president to make +such selections. + +In other enterprises she has shown similar ability. The erection of a +permanent building on the state fair grounds at Syracuse is eminently +suitable, in view of the fact that the Woman's Christian Temperance +Union had secured the passage in the state legislature of a law +prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors on the state and county +fair grounds within its jurisdiction, the carrying out of which policy +has totally changed the character and conduct of agricultural fairs in +the Empire State. For several years Mrs. Burt has taken an active +interest in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union work at the state +fair grounds at Syracuse, greatly to the detriment of her health by +overtaxing her physical strength. This course certainly gives the +workers an inspiration to undertakings they would never think of braving +but for the courage of their leader. + +Of a similar character were the skill and dash that secured the +Metropolitan Opera House for the meeting of the national convention in +1888. It was said that "the women did it," but it was done so quietly +and literally by such rising betimes in the morning that very few know +that the skillful marshaling of the few available forces would after all +have ended in failure had it not been for the quick wit and personal +responsibility of the head hostess of the occasion, the president of the +New York State Union. + +For thirteen years Mrs. Burt served the state without salary, giving to +its work the best her life afforded freely and without price. With such +leaders, under God, and with the true end kept steadily in view, +Christian women ought not to fail in their great temperance work. It +matters comparatively little with what branch of the evangelical church +they are associated, but we are persuaded that none of us will esteem +our president less when knowing that she has grown in trust and +devoutness in this work while in the communion of the Protestant +Episcopal Church. + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + +EDUCATIONAL. + + "My people perish for lack of knowledge." + + +The educational work of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union has been +one of its prominent sources of usefulness. The trend of so many +departments has been along this line, that to enter into the details of +each would exceed the limit of this historical record. + + "Teach it to thy children." + +In a memorial presented to the state legislature in 1877 appeared a +clause asking that it be made obligatory by law for all teachers to +instruct their pupils in temperance. This was the inception of the +Scientific Temperance Instruction Department of the New York State +Woman's Christian Temperance Union. + +This was made a regular department of work in 1880, with Mrs. Mary T. +Burt as superintendent. Mrs. E. H. Griffith, of Fairport, succeeded her +the following year and laid some foundation for the work. Miss Elizabeth +W. Greenwood, of Brooklyn, then became superintendent, continuing as +such from 1882 to 1886, and to her must be accorded the honor of doing +the _hard work_ of the department. Her preliminary work consisted in +visiting and presenting the subject before the various normal schools of +the state. This aroused public interest and created a sentiment which +made the subsequent work comparatively easy. At the convention held at +Poughkeepsie in 1883 it was decided to make the securing of a scientific +temperance instruction law a leading line of work for the ensuing year, +and Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, of Boston, national superintendent, was invited +to assist the state superintendent in the campaign. + +This was faithfully done. And what of the result? In spite of opposition +and discouragement, after six months of unparalleled labor came the +greatest temperance victory the state had ever gained--the passage of +the scientific temperance education law. The money for carrying on this +expensive campaign was secured largely through the personal solicitation +of Miss Greenwood and the secretary of the department, Mrs. C. C. Alford, +of Brooklyn. + +After this law was enacted the state superintendent of public +instruction delayed the introduction of new text-books (which, if +introduced, must remain five years) until the books then under revision, +and to be endorsed by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, were +ready. The first books introduced were Professor Steele's "Hygiene and +Physiology," Mrs. Hunt's "Hygiene for Young People," and the "Child's +Health Primer." Mrs. G. M. Gardenier, of Oswego, gave the first public +scientific temperance lesson after the passage of the law at Round Lake, +July 5, 1884; subject, "Alcohol and the Brain." This was during a series +of meetings held under the auspices of the state organization. + +In 1886 Mrs. Marion S. Tifft, of Pine Valley, succeeded Miss Greenwood, +serving two years. In 1889 Mrs. Lytie Perkins Davies was made +superintendent, faithfully performing the duties and advancing the work +until 1894. + +In 1888 "Higher Education" was made a department of work, Mrs. Anna E. +Rice and Miss Julia E. Dailey each serving one year as superintendent, +when the department was merged with that of Scientific Temperance +Instruction. "Commission of Inquiry and Statistics of the Liquor +Traffic" was made a department of state work in 1880, and continued +until 1887. It had three superintendents--Mrs. Horace Eaton, of Palmyra, +who served one year; Mrs. A. G. Nichols, of Kingston, was her successor, +serving two years; and Mrs. A. T. Stewart, of Peekskill, who retained +the superintendency four years. Statistics are called dry, but these +faithful women did not find them so. Mrs. Nichols said in reference to +her report of the department: "A wail as of a lost spirit goes surging +through it; moans of woe sound through it; tears and blood flow through +it." + + "Touch not, taste not, handle not." + +"Inducing Corporations and Employers to require Total Abstinence in +their Employees" was the name of the department as adopted in 1880--Mrs. +Peter Stryker, of Saratoga, superintendent. After two years of service +she was succeeded by Mrs. V. A. Willard, of Belmont, who continued the +work for one year; then Mrs. Homer A. Nelson, of Poughkeepsie, was given +the superintendency, which she retained until 1887. The work of the +department was then suspended for one year, but resumed as "Capital and +Labor"--Mrs. Nelson again the superintendent. In 1889 work among +railroad employees was added. In 1890 the name was again changed to +"Temperance and Labor"--Mrs. M. M. Van Benschoten, of Newark, +superintendent. In 1891 Mrs. Ella A. Boole, of West New Brighton, was +made the superintendent, and has continued until the present. The +department has wonderfully developed through her influence. + +"Influencing Physicians not to Prescribe Alcoholics in Medicine" was the +original name of the present Department of Non-Alcoholics in Medicine. +This department was first adopted in 1883, with Mrs. Rev. J. Butler, of +Fairport, as superintendent. During her four years of service the work +was well organized. The "Physician's Pledge" was circulated, and much +sentiment created against alcoholic prescriptions. Mrs. E. G. Moore, of +Medina, who succeeded her, secured the presentation of the subject +before medical associations. Susan A. Everett, M.D., of New York, was +superintendent for one year. In 1889 Mrs. M. M. Allen, of Bellona, was +appointed superintendent, a position occupied by her at the present +time. Through her efficiency and zeal knowledge upon the subject has +increased until now the consensus of opinion is that alcoholic medicines +are unnecessary. + + "Visiting the iniquities of the fathers upon the children." + +"Heredity," as the department now stands in our lines of work, is a +scientific subject, and should be studied as such. To accomplish this +has been the aim of the superintendents having the work in charge. This +department was adopted in 1883, with Mrs. Mary E. Niles, of +Hornellsville, as superintendent. In the same year Elvira V. Ranier, +M.D., of Oswego, was made superintendent of "Hygiene," also a new +department. In 1884 these departments were united, Mrs. Niles still +remaining superintendent. The next year Hygiene as a special work was +discontinued. The Heredity work remained in charge of its first +superintendent until 1888, when Sarah Morris, M.D., of Buffalo, had the +work for one year. In 1889 the department of Health, which had been +adopted in 1886, with Mrs. Mary G. Underhill, of Poughkeepsie, as its +superintendent, was united with Heredity, and Gertrude G. Bishop, M.D., +of Brooklyn, appointed superintendent. The following year the Health +Department was discontinued. Mrs. E. T. Howland, now Rev. Elizabeth T. +Howland, was appointed the superintendent of Heredity. She continued the +work two years, and was succeeded by Mrs. Ella B. Hallock, of Southold. + +"Physical Culture," now "Physical Education," an evolution of the +departments of Health and Hygiene, was made a distinct department of +work in 1890, with Mrs. Bertha Morris Smith, of Elmira, as +superintendent, a position she has retained until the present. Mrs. +Smith is an enthusiast in her department. The national leaflet, "A New +Field for Educators," was written by her in the interests of this +department. + +"The pen is mightier than the sword." + +"The Press," or "Influencing the Press," as the department was first +known, was adopted as a department in 1880. Miss Margaret E. Winslow +served as superintendent from 1880 to 1886, with the exception of 1882, +when Mrs. O. N. Fletcher, of Sherman, acted in that capacity. Miss Abbie +E. Hufstader, of Yorkshire Center, had the superintendency in 1887, and +Miss S. J. Vosburg, of Rochester, in 1888 and 1889. She was succeeded by +Mrs. May Morgan McKoon, of Long Eddy, who has prosecuted the work with +vigor until the present time. Listen to the report echoes of this +department: + +1882--"The press goes _everywhere_; let us then walk boldly and steadily +into this ever-opening door." + +1892--"The greatest single force in society to-day is the press." "As a +man readeth in his newspaper, so is he." "Its utterances carry a dictum +unequaled by that of either the pulpit or bench." "It molds public +opinion." "Use the press!" + + "Know ye not that ye are the temple of God? If any man defile the + temple of God, him shall God destroy." + +With this motto "Narcotics" was adopted as a department of State work in +1887, with Mrs. Helen L. Bullock, of Elmira, as superintendent. She no +sooner entered upon the work than measures were inaugurated to secure a +law prohibiting the use of tobacco by the young. In 1889 such a law was +passed. Were it rigidly enforced, fewer cases of insanity and less +deaths would result from excessive cigarette smoking. During her +superintendency Mrs. Bullock wrote the national leaflet, "The Tobacco +Toboggan," and delivered her narcotic lecture, "Our Dangerous +Inheritance," many times. In 1891-92 Mrs. E. G. Tiffany, of Dansville, +was superintendent of the department. In 1893 Mrs. Emma G. Dietrick, of +Lockport, succeeded her. + + * * * * * + +"Franchise" was adopted as a department of state work in 1886, Miss Mary +B. Cushman, of Lockport, being the first superintendent. In 1888 Mrs. +C. C. Ellerson, of New York City, succeeded her. In 1891 Miss Vinnie R. +Davis, of Orwell, was appointed superintendent, a position she still +retains. Miss Davis has brought to the work rare gifts and great +earnestness. The department has steadily advanced under her guidance. In +the earlier years of the organization great conservatism existed in +regard to this subject. Resolutions adverse to its consideration by +local and state unions were passed in 1876 and 1878. Since its adoption +as a department the president in her annual addresses has continually +sounded its keynote in utterances like these: "The ballot in woman's +hand is a first necessity toward the solution of not only this great +question but other moral reform questions of our day." "Justice and +equity alike demand that the ballot be given to women." + +In 1893 two hundred thousand women registered in the state to vote for +school officers. Upon the eve of the election Judge Williams, of the +supreme court, decided that such voting would be unconstitutional; but +in spite of the ruling over twenty thousand women did vote. + + "Let all things be done decently and in order." + +"School of Methods and Parliamentary Usage" became a department of state +work in 1890, and has had but two superintendents--Miss Julia E. Dailey, +of Rochester, who served one year, and Mrs. Helen L. Bullock, of Elmira, +who succeeded her. The aim of this department is to educate the women +along the lines of department work and the best manner of conducting +meetings, following St. Paul's advice--"Study to show thyself approved +unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed." + + "Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy" + +The Department of Mercy was adopted in 1891, with Miss C. Augusta +Goodale, of Newburgh, as superintendent. The object of the department +has been education along humane lines. Many children have become +interested, and numerous Bands of Mercy, inculcating the laws of +kindness, have been organized. + + "Whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, + whatsoever things are of good report, ... think on these + things"--_Philipians_ iv, 8 + +The Department of Purity in Literature and Art, with Mrs. Harriet S. +Pritchard, of Brooklyn, as superintendent, was adopted in 1893, and +gives promise of becoming one of wide-reaching influence. + +[Illustration: Mrs. Ella A. Boole] + + + + +MRS. ELLA ALEXANDER BOOLE. + +(FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT) + + +Ella, eldest daughter of Colonel Isaac N. and Rebecca Alban Alexander, +was born at Van Wert, Ohio. Although but a school-girl then, she was one +of the original Ohio crusaders, and the temperance zeal kindled at that +time with her has never grown cold. + +In 1874 she was graduated from the high school of her native place as +valedictorian of the class. Four years later she completed her college +course at the University of Wooster, Ohio, with a class of thirty-one, +only three of whom were young women. This time she was salutatorian. +During the university course she captured the prize in an oratorical +contest, being the only lady among nine contestants. This was an earnest +of the honor conferred upon her in 1888, when she was invited to deliver +the oration before the alumni association of her _alma mater_, the first +time in the history of the university that this honor had been conferred +upon a woman. + +After graduating from college and refusing many flattering positions, +she became a teacher of Latin, Greek, and higher mathematics in the high +school of Van Wert, and in 1881 the degree of Master of Arts was awarded +her. As an educator she began her public work at teachers' institutes. + +In 1883 she was married to Rev. Wm. H. Boole, D.D., pastor of the South +Second street Methodist Episcopal Church, Brooklyn, N.Y., and found a +wide and congenial field of usefulness in this new relation as a +pastor's wife. + +Mrs. Boole was elected corresponding secretary of the Woman's Christian +Temperance Union of New York State at the Cortland convention, in 1885, +a position she filled with marked ability for six years. In 1891 she was +elected to the office of first vice-president, a position she still +retains. Mrs. Boole was chairman of the committee which prepared the +handbook, which has been invaluable to the workers of the state. + +Since 1888 Dr. and Mrs. Boole have devoted their time wholly to +temperance and evangelistic work. No name is more familiar among +temperance speakers than Mrs. Boole's, and no voice has been heard in +this state more frequently or with greater acceptance than hers. Her +lectures are a happy mingling of humor, pathos, and logic. They give no +uncertain sound for total abstinence and prohibition, and never fail to +interest. + +This sketch would hardly be complete without mention of Albenia +Alexander, now eight years old, only daughter of Mrs. Boole. "Benie" was +presented to the state convention at Binghamton, and to the national +convention at Nashville a few weeks later, as "the youngest +white-ribboner of us all." + + + + +CHAPTER V. + +EVANGELISTIC. + + "And I, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto me." + + +This was the first motto chosen for the Evangelistic Department, and has +been the foundation-stone of the work. It will be impossible in this +little book to mention the work which has been done--indeed, it could +not be recorded--but one is our Master, even Christ, and He knows it +all. We can only mention the different lines of work which have come +under this head, with the names of those who have acted as +superintendents. + +The Evangelistic Department was placed in charge of Mrs. Mary E. Hartt, +of Brooklyn, in 1880, who gave to it her best thought and energy. She +continued in the work for eight years, laying it down only in response +to the Master's call, "Come up higher." Mrs. Josephine Braman, of +Brooklyn, succeeded Mrs. Hartt for her unexpired term, she being +succeeded in turn by Mrs. Mary J. Weaver, of Batavia, in 1889, who has +carried on the department work most efficiently since then. + +For two years the Department of Systematic Giving was added to this, but +in 1893 was made a department by itself, with Mrs. Nellie Hutchinson, of +Owego, as superintendent. + +In 1886 the Sabbath Observance Department was given to Mrs. Mary E. +Simpson, of Sherman, who was followed by Mrs. H. L. Wilcox, of +Rochester, each serving two years. Mrs. Margaret P. Buchanan, of New +York City, was appointed in 1890, Mrs. James Baldwin, of Addison, in +1891, and in 1893 Miss Kate Manning, of Attica, was made superintendent. + +Mrs. K. E. Cleveland, of Brooklyn, and Mrs. Emma G. Dietrick, of +Lockport, each served for two years in securing day of prayer in week of +prayer. + +Mrs. A. G. Nichols, of Kingston, and Mrs. R. A. Esmond, of Syracuse, +alternated as superintendent of the Unfermented Wine Department from +1880 to 1888, at which time the work was taken up by Mrs. P. J. Adams, of +Moravia, who still continues in the department. + +Prison and Jail Work in 1880 was in charge of Miss C. E. Coffin, of +Brooklyn; in 1881, of Mrs. Knapp, of Auburn; and in 1882 Mrs. Frances D. +Hall, of Plattsburg, was appointed, and continued as superintendent for +five years. The next two years Mrs. Richard Bloom, of Auburn, filled the +position, and in 1890 Miss C. E. Coffin was again made superintendent, +the work in almshouses being added. This was changed the following year, +the Department of Almshouse Work being placed with that of Flower +Mission, and both given to Miss Anna L. Thompson, of Newburgh, who had +been made superintendent of Flower Mission Work in 1890. Previous to +this time, commencing in 1888, Miss Lydia Howell, of Poughkeepsie +(afterward Mrs. Albert A. Reed), had been the superintendent. In 1880 +Reformatory and Almshouse Work was taken up, and Mrs. T. J. Bissell, of +Corning, acted as superintendent for two years, and Mrs. C. C. Alford, of +Brooklyn, for one year, after which no superintendent was appointed. + +Sunday-school Work has had a number of superintendents, Mrs. Allen +Butler, of Syracuse, being the first, serving two years. Mrs. S. R. Gray, +of Albany, served during the next two years, Mrs. C. L. Harris taking +it in 1884, to be followed by Mrs. Gray again in 1885. Next came Mrs. +Julia A. Bidwell, of Hartford, for three years, and in 1889 Mrs. T. M. +Foster, of Verona, was given the department. She was succeeded by Mrs. +S. A. Kenney, of Troy, who, after two years service, was succeeded by +Mrs. Bidwell, now of Deposit, the present superintendent. + +In 1889 Work among the Colored was added to the departments, and the +work given in charge of Mrs. Maria R. Douglass, of New York City. In +1891 Miss Sara Collins, of Cortland, was made superintendent. + +Foreign Work was made a department in 1883 and was continued for eight +years, the following ladies acting as superintendents during that time: +Mrs. A. K. Knox, of New York City; Mrs. C. E. Cleveland, of Perry; Mrs. +E. F. Lord, of New York City; Mrs. E. M. J. Decker, of Victor; Miss +Rachel Carney, of Tonawanda; Mrs. Clara Vigelius, of New York City, and +Mrs. George Aldrich, of Dutchess Junction. + +Mrs. Sarah A. McClees, of Yonkers, was made superintendent of the +Department of Soldiers and Sailors in 1883, and continued as such for +three years, Mrs. W. W. Hoag, of Akron, being next chosen. After one +year Miss Emma Nason, of Blodgett Mills, was appointed, and in 1888 the +work was given to Mrs. Mary D. Ferguson, of Syracuse, who is still the +superintendent. + +Mothers' Meetings were first taken up in 1881, with Mrs. Horace Eaton, +of Palmyra, as superintendent. In 1883 Parlor Meetings were added, Mrs. +Eaton still in charge. The following year Mrs. Van Benschoten, of +Newark, was appointed, and in 1886 Parlor Meetings was made a department +by itself, and Mothers' Meetings placed in charge of Mrs. Caroline B. +Randall, of Oswego. In 1888 Social Purity and Mothers' Meetings were +combined, with Mrs. Mary J. Weaver, of Batavia, superintendent for one +year. She was succeeded by Mrs. Anna E. Rice, of Batavia. The +Department of Social Purity was first taken up in 1886, Mrs. Mary T. +Burt being the superintendent until it was combined with Mothers' +Meetings. + +From 1888 until the present time the Department of Peace and Arbitration +has had but one superintendent, Mrs. Sarah W. Collins, of Purchase, who +has most faithfully carried forward the work. + +Under the head of Police Matron Work, Mrs. Harriet Goff, of Brooklyn, +did advance work, and it was Mrs. Goff who, as chairman of the standing +committee on Police Matron Work, introduced into the legislature the +bill making the law for police matrons mandatory in New York and +Brooklyn. The work has since been made a department, with Dr. Sarah +Morris, of Buffalo, as superintendent. + +Rescue Work for Girls, a new department, was added in 1893, and placed +in charge of Mrs. Mary J. Annable, of Brooklyn. This promises to be a +most helpful and blessed line of work. + +These lines of work are all evangelistic in their nature, and not until +the records are read "up yonder" shall we know of the victories won "In +His Name." + +[Illustration: MRS. FRANCES W. GRAHAM.] + + + + +MRS. FRANCES W. GRAHAM. + +(CORRESPONDING SECRETARY) + + +Mrs. Graham is just entering upon the fourth year of her office as +corresponding secretary of our state union, and in this time she has +eminently proved her fitness for the position and earned the title of "a +model secretary." Born in Lockport, N.Y., she became identified with +temperance work as a child, first belonging to a juvenile society known +as Cold Water Templars, and later becoming a member of the Sons of +Temperance and Good Templars. She is active in all Christian work, being +a member of the First Congregational Church of Lockport, in whose church +work she takes prominent part, and whose solo soprano she has been for +thirteen years; she is also an active member of the Christian Endeavor +society and the King's Daughters. + +In 1880 she was married to Almon Graham, whose help has made it possible +for her to enter more fully into temperance work than she otherwise +could have done. She was president of the Lockport Woman's Christian +Temperance Union four years, and corresponding secretary of the Niagara +County Woman's Christian Temperance Union for the same length of time. +In December, 1890, she was appointed _Union Signal_ reporter for the +State Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and her reports have called +forth warm commendation from editors and constituency alike for their +conciseness and delightful presentation of facts. + +Mrs. Graham possesses pre-eminently the divine "gift of song." Her +voice, a sympathetic mezzo-soprano, goes straight to the heart, and its +sweet tones linger there long after the words have ceased. At the state +convention at Jamestown in October, 1894, she was musical director, and +by vote of the convention is now entering upon a service of song for the +unions throughout the state. + +During her term of office her work has been of inestimable value to the +state. Her initiation into the work of corresponding secretary of the +state union was strong and vigorous. In October, 1891, she was elected +secretary, and it was during the winter of 1891-92 that the legislative +work was done that resulted in closing the state's exhibit at the +World's Fair on the Sabbath, defeating the barmaid bill, modifying the +infamous bill of the State Liquor Dealers' Association, and preventing +the introduction of the bill to legalize social vice. Mrs. Graham had +printed and sent out all the petitions and protests relative to the +above bills. Every senator and assemblyman was addressed by her by +letter, and her prompt and unfailing response to every urgent request +was a large factor in the success achieved. She was then and is now +always ready for "the next thing," and her sweet willingness of spirit +is a constant source of comfort and inspiration to her fellow-workers. +During the past year she sent out the petitions to the constitutional +convention at Albany--one for the prohibition of the traffic in +intoxicating liquors, the other for the full enfranchisement of women. +She counted all the names (over seventy thousand in number), pasted the +petitions on white cloth (and when done they were over a third of a mile +in length), tied them with white ribbon, and sent them to Albany for the +committee to present. The work to her is a constant delight. Nothing is +ever too hard--"It is such a privilege to do it," she earnestly says; +and how well she does it, the work and the state bear witness. + +Last year she was appointed one of the committee to prepare the history +of the State Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and has given much time +and thought to the work. Mrs. Graham is young in years, but already her +work has told for God and humanity. Should her life be spared, what +blessings may we not hope for the cause through her consecration and +ability? + +M. T. B. + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + +LEGISLATION AND PETITION. + + "The law of the wise is a fountain of life."--_Prov. xiii., 14._ + + +As "all roads lead to Rome," so the legality of temperance measures is +reached through legislation; and many times has the Woman's Christian +Temperance Union, with memorial, petition, and protest, marched over the +roads leading to the legislative halls of municipality, state, and +nation, asking for the enacting of new laws or the better enforcement of +old ones. + +This policy was inaugurated at the first convention, in the memorial +prepared for presentation to President Grant and Governor Dix, and has +been continued with varying success through the subsequent years. At the +second annual convention a memorial was prepared for congress and the +state legislature, from the last of which a single article is quoted, +viz.: "That no license to sell intoxicating drinks in any place be +issued except when a majority of women residents, as well as men, above +the age of twenty-one years, desire such license granted." This memorial +enrolled 6,328 names, and was presented to the legislature by Mrs. Allen +Butler and Mrs. Mary T. Burt. Had the request been granted at that time, +and its enforcement continued, the license question would now be solved. + +April 12, 1882, the first petition to the state legislature for a +prohibitory constitutional amendment was presented by Mrs. Mary T. Burt +and Mrs. E. M. J. Decker. The petition contained 10,431 names. Mrs Burt, +in reporting the work at the next convention, said "A page carried the +bulky document to the desk, and during its passage thereto a smile crept +over faces of members and dignified speaker alike, so large was its +circumference." + +As early as 1877 a memorial had been prepared relative to temperance +teaching in the public schools, but not until 1884 was the law secured. +After the annual convention of 1883 this work was prosecuted with vigor. +Public meetings were held and petitions circulated in its behalf. These +petitions recorded 57,419 names. February 5, 1884, the bill passed the +senate, twenty-two voting for and two against it; March 3 it passed the +assembly, the vote being ninety-eight to two; March 10, 1884, Grover +Cleveland, then governor of the State of New York, signed the same, and +it thus became a law of the state. The text of the law is as follows: + + AN ACT relating to the Study of Physiology and Hygiene in the Public + Schools. + + SECTION I. Provision shall be made by the proper local school + authorities for instructing all pupils in all schools supported by + public money, or under state control, in physiology and hygiene, with + special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and + narcotics upon the human system. + + SEC. 2. No certificate shall be granted any person to teach in the + public schools of the State of New York, after the first day of January, + eighteen hundred and eighty-five, who has not passed a satisfactory + examination in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the + effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human + system. + +In 1883 the second petition for a prohibitory constitutional amendment +was presented to the senate and assembly. It was defeated in the house +by a vote of forty-two to fifty-four, and in the senate by a vote of +thirteen to eighteen. Yet these figures show that the prohibition tide +is rising. + +In 1886 measures were taken toward securing a law prohibiting the sale +of intoxicants upon fair grounds. Mrs. H. Roscoe Edgett, of Fairport, +the superintendent of the department, was indefatigable in her efforts +to secure the law, but it was not until February 29, 1888, that the +following was enrolled on the statute-books of the state: + + It shall not be lawful for any person to sell, have for sale, give away, + or have in his possession for the purpose of selling or giving away, on + the grounds or premises on or in which any state, county, town, or other + agricultural or horticultural fair is being held, any strong or + spirituous liquors, wine, ale, beer, or fermented cider; and it shall + not be lawful for any person to sell or give away strong or spirituous + liquors, wines, ales, beer, or fermented cider at any place within two + hundred yards of the grounds or premises on or in which any state, + county, town, or any other agricultural or horticultural fair is being + held. This act shall not be applicable to the city of New York. + +Until 1887 the laws of the state were such that a child ten years old +could consent to her own ruin, and the despoiler of her virtue go +unpunished. In April of that year the penal code was amended, raising +the age of consent to sixteen years, as follows: + + ... Any person who takes or detains a female under sixteen years of age + for the purpose of prostitution, ... is guilty of abduction, punishable + by imprisonment for not more than five years, or by a fine of not more + than $1,000, or both. + +Following closely upon this was the passage of the police matron law, in +1888, which provided for the appointment of police matrons in all cities +of more than 25,000 inhabitants, and the designating of separate houses +of detention for female delinquents. In securing this law the Woman's +Christian Temperance Union co-operated with other societies. In 1891 an +amendment to this law was secured, mainly through the efforts of Mrs. +H. K. N. Goff, of Brooklyn, making the appointment of police matrons +compulsory in the cities of New York and Brooklyn. The law as amended is +as follows: + + SECTION I. The mayor of every city in this state according to the last + state or national census containing a population of 25,000 or over, + excepting the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and in the cities of New + York and Brooklyn the boards of commissioners of police of said cities + respectively, shall, within three months after the passage of this act, + designate one or more station-houses within their respective cities for + the detention and confinement of all women under arrest in said + cities.... + +Through the efforts of Mrs. Helen L. Bullock, of Elmira, the following +narcotic law was secured in 1889: + +LAWS OF NEW YORK--CHAPTER 170. + +An act to amend Section 291 of the Penal Code, relating to Children; +became a law, with the approval of the Governor, April 22, 1889. + +_The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and +Assembly, do enact as follows_: + +SECTION I. Section 291 of the Penal Code is hereby amended so as to read +as follows: + +A person who sells, pays for, or furnishes any cigar, cigarette, or +tobacco in any of its forms to any child, actually or apparently under +the age of sixteen years, _is guilty of a misdemeanor_. + +SEC. 2. This act shall take effect immediately. + +In 1890 it was amended, attaching a penalty for its violation, +as follows: + + AN ACT to amend Section 291 of the Penal Code, relating to Children; + approved by the Governor, May 24, 1890. + + SECTION I. Section 291 of the Penal Code is hereby amended by adding + thereto the following subdivision: + + 7. No child, actually or apparently under sixteen years of age, shall + smoke or in any way use any cigar, cigarette, or tobacco in any form + whatsoever, in any public street, place, or resort. A violation of this + subdivision shall be a misdemeanor, and shall be punished by a fine not + exceeding ten dollars and not less than two dollars for each offense. + + SEC. 2. This act shall take effect on the first day of September, + eighteen hundred and ninety. + +In 1891 an effort was made to introduce the English system of barmaids +into the saloons of New York City. This no sooner became known to the +members of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union than an effort was +made to secure a law prohibiting the movement. This was effected by the +passage of the following act, April 25, 1892: + + AN ACT forbidding the hiring of Barmaids. + + _The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and + Assembly, do enact as follows_: + + SECTION I. No female shall be hired as barmaid, or to compound or + dispense intoxicating beverages in any place where the same are sold or + offered for sale. + + SEC. 2. A person who hires, or causes to be hired, any female as + barmaid, or to compound or dispense intoxicating beverages in any place + where the same are sold or offered for sale, is guilty of a misdemeanor. + + SEC. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. + +Thus, at its very inception, legislative enactment prevented the +introduction into this state of a most demoralizing phase of the saloon +business. + +In the same year and month a law forbidding the opening of the New York +State exhibit at the Columbian Exhibition was passed, thus placing New +York State on record as favoring the sanctity of the Sabbath. + + AN ACT in relation to the Exhibit of the State of New York at the + World's Columbian Exhibition.... + + The exhibit of the State of New York at such exhibition shall not be + open to the public on Sunday, and the general managers herein provided + for shall take such steps as may be necessary to carry this provision + into effect. + +The following protests were presented to the legislature, receiving such +consideration that the subjects had no hearing: + + AGAINST THE ENACTMENT OF A LAW LICENSING VICE. + + _To the Senate and Assembly of the State of New York_: + + WHEREAS, It has come to our knowledge that a bill providing for the + regulation and licensing of vice in the cities and towns of the State of + New York will be introduced in the legislature, and that one of the + provisions of the bill is the compulsory medical examination of women + who are inmates of the establishments named therein, we respectfully + submit the following in relation to it: + + It puts a premium on the social evil. + + It makes this terrible vice a branch of municipal government, and the + state a partner in it. + + It inflicts the degradation of compulsory medical examination upon + women, and lets their paramours go free. + + It is an outrage upon womanhood, and means the practical slavery of an + unfortunate class of women. + + We realize all the shame of the bill, and feel its introduction in the + legislature to be an insult to the great State of New York. + + _We emphatically_ PROTEST _against its consideration_, and appeal + to you to use your influence and, if necessary, your votes against this + dreadful and infamous bill. + + AGAINST THE EXCISE BILL OF THE STATE LIQUOR DEALERS' ASSOCIATION. + + WHEREAS, A bill prepared by the State Liquor Dealers' Association is + before your honorable body, which provides for a Sunday license law + (which means unrestrained liquor on the Sabbath); for special licenses + for certain saloons in certain localities in cities; for the sale of + wine and beer after one o'clock in the morning at public balls and + entertainments given by any incorporated association; abolishes the + requirement of real estate security on license bonds (thus striking a + blow at the civil damage act); and makes it a misdemeanor for any person + to enter a saloon during the hours when it is supposed to be closed in + obedience to the law: + + Now, therefore, as every one of the above provisions is a direct blow at + public morality, at law and order, at the peace and happiness of the + home and family, and as this bill means for the state more drunkenness, + more crimes and outrages of every sort, more poverty, more suffering, + more darkened lives and ruined homes, we, the undersigned, citizens + of ----, county of ----, most emphatically protest against its passage, + and we call upon you, our representatives, to use your influence and + vote against it. + +The years 1891 and 1892 were not only marked by legislative work, but by +petition work as well. Two successive legislatures had voted to submit +to the people a prohibitory constitutional amendment, the vote to be +taken in April, 1892. In anticipation of this event, petitions were +circulated throughout the state in behalf at this cause, the grand total +of 109,057 names being secured. Through the failure of the legislature +to pass an enabling act to provide for the expense of the election, the +amendment was never submitted. + +Not discouraged by this apparent fruitless expenditure of time and +strength, during the winter and spring of 1893-94 petition work was +again resumed, the constitutional convention in session at Albany from +May until September being the objective point. Two petitions were +circulated at this time, one for an amendment to the constitution +providing for the prohibition of the liquor traffic; the other for the +full enfranchisement of women. Through winter's cold and summer's heat +this work went bravely on, and 37,624 names were secured to the +prohibition petition, and 36,086 to the one asking for woman's +enfranchisement. These petitions were pasted on cloth, in a double row +of names, and measured, when done, 475 yards. Mrs. Graham, who had them +in charge, after pasting, arranged them in four large rolls and tied +each with a white satin ribbon. June 28, 1894, they were presented to +the constitutional convention, producing a profound impression by their +magnitude. Mrs. Burt and Mrs. Tenney appeared before the convention. +Mrs. Burt was granted a hearing. The convention did not recommend either +of these measures, but that of woman's suffrage received much attention, +being defeated by a vote of ninety-seven to fifty-eight. The momentum +received from this petition effort will not soon be lost. + +Thus in brief the legislative and petition work is reported, but it only +vaguely represents the expenditure of time and strength devoted to this +work. Truly it may be said of the women of New York State, "Many +daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all." + +[Illustration: Georgeanna M. Gardenier] + + + + +MRS. GEORGEANNA M. GARDENIER. + +(RECORDING SECRETARY) + + +The recording secretary of our state union has filled this important +position for twelve years, and was elected for the thirteenth time at +Jamestown in October, 1894. She has rare qualifications for the office, +as has been evidenced by her faithful services during all these years. + +She said, "There is positively nothing in my life of the least interest +to the public," when requested to furnish a few items for the basis of +this sketch. But the life of one who can sit steadily through three long +days of a state convention, faithfully recording motions, amendments, +amendments to the amendment, substitutes, and the thousand-and-one +things that make up the business of one of the great meetings of the +Empire State, and then come into the post-executive committee meeting +with eye, brain, and hand alert, ready to record a day's crowded work +for that body, must perforce contain much of interest, for these are +qualities which everyone does not possess. + +In addition to her convention duties she compiles the state reports, +which are models of excellence as to style, finish, and completeness. + +Mrs. Gardenier was born in Oswego county, New York, and was educated in +the high and normal schools of Oswego City. She is the daughter of John +and Mary Tenney Remington. At the age of sixteen she professed Christ +and joined the First Baptist Church of Oswego, of which she is still a +member. She began at once to teach in the Sabbath-school, and has +continued the work with very little interruption up to the present time, +holding now the position of assistant superintendent. + +Home and foreign missions have claimed her interest, and she is +associational director of the women's Baptist home mission work for the +county, under appointment of the Women's Home Mission Board at Chicago. + +In 1863 she was married to Mr. W. H. Gardenier, a lawyer, and has one +son. Mrs. Gardenier is an experienced and very successful teacher, +having filled that important and influential role for many years. During +all these years her pupils have been largely boys and young men, over +whom she has a peculiar and happy faculty. Her influence upon the lives +of the hundreds of boys who have sat under her teaching cannot be +estimated. + +She has for many years been interested in temperance. Her first public +work was done in connection with the Good Templars, having joined the +order at its organization. When the Woman's Christian Temperance Union +was organized she became a member of the local union of her city, and +has since that time been prominently connected with the temperance work +of the city and county. She assisted in organizing the county Woman's +Christian Temperance Union, and served as its secretary seven years. She +organized many of the unions of the County, and to her enthusiasm and +zeal much of the early success of the county work is attributed. + +At the Binghamton convention, in 1887, she was presented with a +beautiful gold watch and chain as a slight recognition of her faithful +and untiring services. + +Mrs. Gardenier is noted not only for her gifts as a "recorder" but for +her wit, which, expressing itself with the utmost good will, awards +extreme delight to her hearers. Her addresses are marked by forcible and +original illustrations which remain in the memory and challenge thought +long after the occasion of their delivery. + +At Round Lake, in the summer of 1884, under the scientific temperance +instruction law of 1884, Mrs. Gardenier gave the first illustrated +lesson in the state upon the nature and effects of alcohol upon the +human system, and has since presented the subject of scientific +temperance instruction at a number of the teachers' institutes in the +state. + +In addition to her temperance work, she is deeply interested in the +humane work and other public philanthropies. + +A member of the committee to prepare the history of the State Woman's +Christian Temperance Union, much time during the past few months has +been devoted to searching the records and statistics of the past twenty +years, twelve of which bear witness to the faithfulness, love, and zeal +of our recording secretary. + +M. T. B. + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + +SOCIAL AND POLITICAL. + + +Our work is many-sided, but among all the rest the social side has not +been neglected. When department work was first taken up, in 1880, a +department called "Drawing-Room Meetings" was placed in charge of Mrs. +Mary C. Johnson, of Brooklyn, who for two years was the superintendent. +The following year Mrs. Margaret Bottome, of New York, now at the head +of the order of King's Daughters and Sons, was the superintendent. In +1883 the department was changed to Parlor Meetings and united with +Mothers' Meetings, Mrs. Dr. Horace Eaton being given the +superintendency. She was succeeded by Mrs. Van Benschoten, of Newark, +who filled the position for two years. In 1886 the two departments were +divided, and Mrs. A. M. Wickes, of Attica, was given that of Parlor +Meetings, holding it until the present time. In the convention of 1893 a +beautiful chocolate pot was presented to the union at Gouverneur, St. +Lawrence county, for having held more parlor meetings during the year +than any other union in the state. + +Ten years ago the Department of State and County Fairs was adopted, and +Mrs. H. R. Edgett, of Fairport, was made the superintendent. She has +given ten years of faithful service to this line of work. In 1889 a +committee was appointed to consider the work at the state fair, and, if +deemed practicable, the state was to engage in the work. Mrs. Mary T. +Burt, Mrs. Ellen L. Tenney, and Mrs. Edgett were made such a committee. +Correspondence was immediately opened with the officers of the +agricultural society as to the feasibility of erecting a building on the +permanent fair grounds at Syracuse, and shortly after a circular-letter +was sent out, asking for contributions for the same. Arrangements were +made to commence the work there at once, not waiting for the building to +be erected, and the fall of 1890 found our standard raised for the first +time on the state fair grounds. The building is not yet accomplished, +but with $2,065.99 already set aside for it, it is certainly an assured +fact, and but for the illness of Mrs. Burt would no doubt have been +erected during the summer of 1894. + +The heroic labors of Mrs. Burt during these years deserve more than a +passing notice. Upon her rested the burdens of the work. Her courage in +encountering difficulties, her patient endurance of fatigue and +exposure, and her wonderful executive ability, made her a wonder to all. +The sun has not always shone during the state fair, and through storm +and sunshine--mostly storm--she has stood at her post, thinking no +sacrifice too great if thereby our cause be advanced. Mrs. Mary D. +Ferguson, of Syracuse, has always stood bravely by, aiding in every way +possible. + +A paper was issued, called _The Fair White Ribbon_, and fifteen thousand +copies distributed freely on the grounds. For two years the paper was +edited by Mrs. H. R. Edgett, when, her health failing, Mrs. Ferguson +acted as editor and publisher. Advertisements were secured by Mrs. +Ferguson, and a handsome profit of $139 was the result the second year, +and $147 the third year; while the good accomplished through the +presence and efforts of our standard-bearers on the grounds cannot be +measured. In 1891 the Department of Coffee Houses was added to the +social lines, and Mrs. S. W. Stoddard, of Horseheads, was placed at the +head of the department. No change has been made in the superintendency, +and a new impetus has been given to this work since it has been made a +department. + + * * * * * + +POLITICAL. + +The Woman's Christian Temperance Union has frequently been called a +political institution. While we smile over the accusation, knowing how +small a part woman can occupy in the politics of this country, yet with +great earnestness we back up the smile with the thought that when we +_are_ a political institution--or, more properly speaking, a _voting_ +institution--the backbone of the liquor power will be broken, _the +saloon must go_, and the era of happy hearts and happy homes will be +ushered in. That we have always taken an interest in politics is true, +and always on the right side. Away back in 1876 we find the following: + + _Resolved_, That, in view of the present political crisis, we as + Christian women effectively urge upon all voters with whom we have + influence that they cast their votes only for total abstinence + candidates. + +In 1883 our convention received the following telegram from +Syracuse: + + _To the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of New York State_: + + Prohibitory party convention sends greeting. Where you lead with + prayers, we will follow with votes. + + DWIGHT WILLIAMS, + _Chairman of Committee._ + +The reply sent is found in Joshua i., 9. + +The convention of 1884 adopted the following resolution, only twelve +voting against it: + + _Resolved_, That we express our endorsement of the action of our + beloved president, Miss Willard, and of the national executive + committee, in regard to the Prohibition party, as being in harmony + with the resolution passed in the national convention at Detroit. + +In this same year our president attended the nominating convention at +Pittsburgh, as delegate from the Prohibition convention. + +In 1885, Mrs. Burt in her annual address referred to what is known as +the St. Louis resolution, which reads as follows: + + We refer to the history of ten years of persistent moral suasion work as + fully establishing our claim to be called a non-political society, but + one which steadily follows the white banner of prohibition wherever it + may be displayed. We have, however, as individuals, always aimed + ourselves, in local and state political contests, with those voters + whose efforts and ballots have been given to the removal of the + dram-shop and its attendant evils, and at this time, while recognizing + that our action as a national society is not binding upon states or + individuals, we reaffirm the positions taken by the society, both at + Louisville in 1882 and at Detroit in 1883, pledging our influence to + that party, by whatever name called, which shall furnish us the best + embodiment of prohibition principles, and will most surely protect our + homes. And as we now know which national party gives as the desired + embodiment of the principles for which our ten years' labor has been + expended, we will continue to lend our influence to the national + political organization which declares in its platform for national + prohibition and home protection. In this, as in all progressive effort, + we will endeavor to meet argument with argument, misjudgment with + patience, denunciation with kindness, and all difficulties and dangers + with prayer. + +Mrs. Burt adds: + + And distasteful though the word "politics" may be to many in connection + with our work, we can none of us ignore the fact that the strength of + the saloon system, which is an open menace to our homes, is vested in + political power.... + + Political action with regard to woman's temperance work may be decried, + our influence as an organization may be withheld, but the fact will + remain that the party which boldly declares for the prohibition of the + liquor traffic--the men who, standing solemnly before God, say, "My + voice shall be given and my vote shall be cast against the legislation + of this iniquity,"--deserves the sympathy, prayers, and influence of all + women, and will receive the blessing of God. + +During the years that have followed these eventful ones we have always +come up to the standard, and have given no uncertain sound on this +question, and in closing this chapter we cannot do better than to quote +again from Mrs. Burt's address of 1886: + + And in the years to come I believe it will be a fact over which the + union will rejoice, that when the battle waged the fiercest, when + shot and shell rained the thickest, the Woman's Christian Temperance + Union of the state, true to the genius of its organization, stepped + boldly forth and extended sympathy and influence to our brothers + who were struggling so bravely for the right, saying, "Here I + stand--I can do no other; so help me God." + +[Illustration: ELLEN L. TENNEY.] + + + + +MRS. ELLEN LEGRO TENNEY. + +(TREASURER) + + +Mrs. Tenney was born in New Hampshire. Early in life she manifested +decided literary and musical tastes--in childhood preferring study to +play, and books to dolls. Mathematics, music, and the languages were her +especial delight; and to these she applied herself with such assiduity +that at fourteen Greek, Latin, French, German, Spanish, and Italian had +been added to her English course; at sixteen she commenced to play the +organ in church. + +Mrs. Tenney was not only a graduate of the Rhode Island Normal School, +but later a teacher in the same institution; she also taught in Elmwood +Literary Institute, near Concord, N. H., and in Professor Lincoln's +Young Ladies' School, in Providence, R.I. + +In 1886 she married Professor Jonathan Tenney, Ph.D. Since that time her +home has been at Albany, N.Y., where she is surrounded by a wide circle +of friends. She is a member of the executive committee of the +Congregational Woman's Home Missionary Union of the State of New York, +and president of the Hudson River Association. In addition to societies +of general interest, she has been actively associated with the +philanthropic, musical, and literary interests of her own city, +occupying many positions of trust in connection with them. + +At the state convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of New +York held at Binghamton in 1886, Mrs. Tenney was elected treasurer of +the state organization, and at each successive convention has been +re-elected. Her taste for mathematics serves her well in this important +relation. As a treasurer she is the peer of any--prompt, reliable, +accurate. We never question her figures; the rest of us may make +mistakes--the treasurer _never does_. She looks after the minutest +details of everything, and to her watchfulness much of the financial +prosperity of the state union is due. + +In 1889 a widow's sorrow came to Mrs. Tenney by the death of her noble +husband. Two sons survived him--boys of ten and thirteen years, whose +education and training since that time have devolved upon her. + +Her organ voluntaries at the annual conventions evince a master's skill +and delight all who listen. + +The Granite State may well be proud of its gifted daughter, and the +Empire State, especially the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, +rejoices in her possession. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + "Gather up the fragments, that nothing may be lost." + + +Various matters of importance came up at different times during these +years for consideration, discussion, and settlement, and in this chapter +our aim will be to touch upon these points. The chapter will not be as +smooth, perhaps, as a chapter in a story-book, because of necessity many +subjects must be introduced, yet our history would not be complete +without it. We have searched the records faithfully, and find many items +of interest which should be recorded here. No attempt will be made to +weave them into narrative style, as space will not permit. + +In 1880 twenty-five dollars were appropriated toward a testimonial to +Mrs. Lucy Webb Hayes in recognition of her efficient service in the +position which she had taken with regard to temperance. + +In this same year women were first recognized as voters at school +elections. + +At the ninth annual meeting, held at Oswego, Mrs. Burt was elected +president; and in her first annual address she recommended the +establishing of a state paper. The recommendation was adapted, and in +December of that year the first number was issued. The paper was called +_Woman's Christian Temperance Work_. This proved to be too lengthy a +name, and so it was shortened to _Our Work_. Miss Margaret E. Winslow +was editor and Mrs. C. C. Alford publisher, and through their efforts +over thirteen hundred subscribers were secured before it reached its +first birthday. In 1887 the name was changed to _Woman's Temperance +Work_, its present name. This motto for the state paper was chosen when +the paper was first decided upon: "O woman, great is thy faith; be it +unto thee even as thou wilt." + +In 1884 the establishment of headquarters was recommended, and in 1886 +the recommendation was adopted, and rented headquarters were secured in +New York City, with Mrs. R. A. Thurston, of Poughkeepsie, as office +secretary, her duties to include the publication of the state paper. +Mrs. Thurston was also made organizing secretary, and did valiant work +as such for several years. New York is the only state which has had an +organizing secretary--a fact which is worthy of note. Previous to Mrs. +Thurston's appointment, Mrs. E. H. Griffith, of Fairport, had done +splendid work as organizing secretary, in connection with her work as +state corresponding secretary. In 1887 Mrs. C. C. Shaffer, of Newburgh, +was made office secretary, and in 1888 Mrs. Ella C. Viele was appointed, +and continued as editor and publisher for two years. She was succeeded +by Miss Julia E. Dailey, of Rochester, in 1891, who still holds the +office, doing faithful work. + +In 1888 the president recommended that steps be taken to secure +permanent headquarters. A committee was appointed to consider the +recommendation and plans were presented for raising funds. The committee +was continued with instructions to keep the matter before the people. + +Evidently the white-ribboners believe not only in "praying," but in +"watching" also, for in 1884 Mrs. Burt was presented with a beautiful +gold watch as a testimonial of her years of service, first as recording +secretary, then as corresponding secretary, and after that as president. +In 1886 Miss Julia Colman was "watched" in the same manner, this being +the tenth anniversary of her superintendency of the Literature +Department; and in 1888, at Binghamton, the convention "set a watch" +upon Mrs. G. M. Gardenier, the recording secretary. An elegant gold chain +was added by the executive committee. These facts show on the "face" of +them that all "hands" approve of "watchfulness." + +In 1888 a handbook was prepared by a committee composed of Mrs. Ella A. +Boole, Mrs. Helen L. Bullock, and Mrs. E. H. Griffith, which proved very +helpful to the workers. The following year it was revised and enlarged, +thus making it applicable to other states. + +At Auburn two receptions were given the convention--one by the Young +Men's Christian Association, and one in the historic home of William H. +Seward. + +In Elmira the convention was invited to visit the art gallery of Mr. +M. H. Arnot. + +While the twenty-first annual convention does not properly belong to a +twenty-years history, still we feel it is fitting to mention here that +we celebrated our majority by "going home" to Chautauqua county, the +meeting being held at Jamestown; and while it is not the intention to +report that meeting here, we desire to record the fact that, by vote of +this convention, New York State claims as its own the honor of the first +crusade, and of the first Woman's Christian Temperance Union ever +organized. Never have we been more royally entertained than in +Jamestown. The Woman's and Young Woman's Christian Associations, the +Political Equality Club, and the Woman's Relief Corps gave us an elegant +reception the first day, and on the day following the close of the +convention, through the generosity of the local Woman's Christian +Temperance Union, we were taken up the lake on a steamer to the +far-famed Chautauqua Assembly grounds, the place from which was issued +the "crusade call" to the women of the country to convene at Cleveland, +Ohio, in November, 1874. + + +NATIONAL BANNERS. + +In 1887 New York State received, through the president, a handsome +banner presented by the national union at Nashville as a reward for the +largest membership of any state in the Union, and in 1890 we received +the beautiful prize banner awarded by Miss Willard at Atlanta to the +state making the largest increase in membership, New York being first in +the Middle States. At the Denver convention, in 1892, New York was again +awarded the national prize banner for the largest percentage of increase +in membership. + +In 1893 our state received two other national banners--one from Miss +Lucia F. Kimball, national superintendent of Sunday-school Work, for +returning the largest number of signed autograph pledge cards for the +World's Fair, and the other from Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, national +superintendent of the Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, +for having the largest number of local superintendents of this +department of any State in the Union. + + +STATE BANNERS. + +In 1889 Mrs. Ella C. Viele, publisher of our state paper, _Woman's +Temperance Work_, presented a banner to the county having the largest +subscription list from January to September. Dutchess county captured +the prize, holding it until 1892, when Steuben received it; but in 1893 +Dutchess county came to the front and again claimed it for its own. + + +PRESIDENT'S PRIZE BANNERS. + +Through the generosity of our president, the state has five banners +which are awarded each year to the counties showing the greatest +increase in membership. The state is divided into four tiers--northern, +southern, eastern, and western--and a banner goes to the county in each +division which has rolled up the greatest increase. The fifth banner is +for the Y's, and is awarded to the county which has gained most in Y. +membership, regardless of location. + +The Loyal Temperance Legion also has a beautiful banner, which was first +presented in 1891 to Suffolk county for having gained most in the number +of Loyal Temperance Legions during the year. + +These banners are each held for one year, being then brought to the +annual meeting and "passed along" or held over again, as the case may +be. + + +EXHIBITS. + +In 1885 our state was represented at the World's Exposition at New +Orleans by a beautiful banner, and that we were worthily represented is +shown by the fact that to this banner was awarded the first honorable +mention. + +The exhibit sent by our state to the Columbian Exposition, and which was +placed in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union exhibit, was a +beautiful banner, five feet wide by seven feet in length, of dark blue +silk, telling in large gilt letters the name of our organization, with +legend of our membership, W. and Y., and honorary members; also the +number of members of the Loyal Temperance Legion, the location of +headquarters, and name of state paper. It also gave the laws which have +been secured through the state's instrumentality. A sketch of the state +work was also prepared for the historical work published by the Chicago +World Book Company, and for the encyclopaedia published by the Board of +Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission. + + +SUMMER MEETINGS. + +In 1883 our state for the first time held summer meetings--one at +Thousand Island Park and one at Round Lake, both being well attended. + +In April, 1884, a conference under state auspices was held in the +Broadway Tabernacle, New York City. At this meeting Hannah Whithall +Smith gave a Bible reading in the afternoon, and Frances E. Willard an +address in the evening, to large audiences. In July of this same year a +grove meeting was held at Round Lake, and in August the state, with +Wyoming county, occupied a day at Silver Lake. + +On August 9 and 10 in 1887 a meeting was held at Sacandaga Park, in +Fulton county. + +In May, 1889, the state held a conference of two days in the lecture +hall of the Young Men's Christian Association building, New York City, +and a school of methods held at Griffin Institute, Round Lake, August 7 +to 9, was a success in every way. In July a two-days' conference was +held at Prohibition Park, Staten Island. + +In July of 1890 a three-days' meeting was held at Round Lake, and in the +summer of 1891 a meeting was again held at Prohibition Park--these +meetings all being under state auspices. + +In the fall of 1888 the state had the honor of entertaining the national +convention, although most of the responsibility, financial and +otherwise, rested upon New York City and the neighboring counties. Right +royally was this convention entertained. The Metropolitan Opera House +was secured for the meetings at a cost of $2,500 for the five days. +Nearly $900 was paid to the caterer, and $200 more for the privilege of +serving lunch, beside incidental expenses. Mrs. Burt and her corps of +assistants did heroic work in the planning and carrying forward to a +successful finish the arrangements for the entertainment of this great +gathering. + +This chapter would hardly be complete if we failed to mention the +beautiful welcome which our state extended to our national president, +Frances E. Willard, on her return from England after an absence of +nearly two years. This meeting was held in Calvary Baptist Church, on +West Fifty-seventh street, New York City, and when we say that the +arrangements were all in the hands of Mrs. Mary T. Burt and Mrs. Frances +J. Barnes, that is sufficient guarantee that they were perfect. Mrs. +Burt presided over the meeting. Mrs. Boole and Mrs. Tenney of the state +officers were present, beside many from other states. The "Greeting" was +beautifully illuminated and engrossed upon parchment, and framed in +white and gold. In the upper left-hand corner, delicately done in water +colors, was the graceful figure of a woman twining the white ribbon +around the world. Greetings came from all directions--by word, by +letter, and by telegram--and everything conspired to make this one of +the most delightful gatherings ever held under state auspices. + +In 1893 the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the State of New York +received a legacy of $2,000 from Mrs. Helen S. Houghtaling, of New York +City, who, although not a member of our organization, became interested +in our work through her niece, Miss Evelena Brandow, president of Greene +County Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and through reading our state +paper, she being a regular subscriber to the same. + + +FINANCIAL STATEMENT, + +1874-1894. + + ==========================================================| + |RECEIPTS, | | | + YEAR. |including balance |DISBURSEMENTS. |NATIONAL DUES. | + |of previous year. | | | + -------+------------------+---------------+---------------| + | | | | + 1875 |$ 338.97 |$ 338.97 |$ 43.12 | + | | | | + 1876 | 448.06 | 448.06 | 54.12 | + | | | | + 1877 | 372.66 | 301.16 | 52.51 | + | | | | + 1878 | 517.28 | 309.31 | 74.57 | + | | | | + 1879 | 645.52 | 423.92 | 68.00 | + | | | | + 1880 | 745.07 | 475.91 | 94.14 | + | | | | + 1881 | 836.66 | 486.45 | 113.50 | + | | | | + 1882 | 1,097.31 | 593.57 | 133.23 | + | | | | + 1883 | 1,435.79 | 959.57 | 204.06 | + | | | | + 1884 | 1,816.44 | 1,549.92 | 270.47 | + | | | | + 1885 | 1,729.91 | 1,653.97 | 300.88 | + | | | | + 1886 | 2,289.82 | 1,845.13 | 458.85 | + | | | | + 1887 | 2,682.18 | 2,631.75 | 923.93 | + | | | | + 1888 | 6,249.18 | 5,738.52 | 2,004.82 | + | | | | + 1889 | 6,843.67 | 6,759.86 | 2,161.30 | + | | | | + 1890 | 6,687.59 | 5,998.30 | 2,091.03 | + | | | | + 1891 | 7,779.58 | 7,461.64 | 2,084.91 | + | | | | + 1892 | 7,453.17 | 6,635.59 | 2,200.36 | + | | | | + 1893 | 7,906.21 | 6,289.93 | 2,133.95 | + | | | | + 1894 | 9,695.89 | 6,063.11 | 1,921.67 | + | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------| + + +OFFICERS OF STATE W.C.T.U. + +1874-1894. + + +PRESIDENTS. + +MRS. ALLEN BUTLER, Syracuse, 1874-1879 +MRS. DR. F. G. HIBBARD, Clifton Springs, 1879-1882 +MRS. MARY T. BURT, New York City, 1882-1894 + +FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS + +MRS. A. M. WICKES, Attica, 1885-1886 +MRS. MARY J. WEAVER, Batavia, 1886-1891 +MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, West New Brighton, 1891-1894 + +RECORDING SECRETARIES + +MRS. MARY T. BURT, Auburn, 1874-1881 +MRS. C. C. ALFORD, Brooklyn, 1881-1882 +MRS. G. M. GARDENIER, Oswego, 1882-1894 + +CORRESPONDING SECRETARIES: + +MRS. GEORGE H. GREELEY, Syracuse, 1874-1879 +MRS. R. M. BINGHAM, Rome, 1879-1881 +MRS. MARY T. BURT, Brooklyn, 1881-1882 +MRS. E. H. GRIFFITH, Fairport, 1882-1885 +MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, New York, 1885-1891 +MRS. FRANCES W. GRAHAM, Lockport, 1891-1894 + +TREASURERS: + +MRS. T. S. TRUAIR, Syracuse, 1874-1879 +MRS. SARAH A. McCLEES, Irvington, 1879-1881 +MRS. E. M. J. DECKER, Victor, 1881-1886 +MRS. C. C. ALFORD, Brooklyn, 1886-1887 +MRS. ELLEN L. TENNEY, Albany, 1887-1894 + + + +ANNUAL MEETINGS. + +SYRACUSE, 1874 +ILION, 1875 +SYRACUSE, 1876 +BINGHAMTON, 1877 +GENEVA, 1878 +POUGHKEEPSIE, 1879 +ITHACA, 1880 +ROCHESTER, 1881 +OSWEGO, 1882 +POUGHKEEPSIE, 1883 +HORNELLSVILLE, 1884 +CORTLAND, 1885 +ALBANY, 1886 +BINGHAMTON, 1887 +LOCKPORT, 1888 +AUBURN, 1889 +ELMIRA, 1890 +NEW YORK, 1891 +NEWBURGH, 1892 +SYRACUSE, 1893 +JAMESTOWN, 1894 + + + +Inscription on World's Fair Banner. + + * * * * * + +NEW YORK STATE + +WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. + +ORGANIZED 1874. + +HEADQUARTERS, 30 WEST 23D ST., NEW YORK. + + * * * * * + +818 WOMAN'S AND 102 YOUNG WOMAN'S UNIONS: + +22,003 Members; +4,443 Honorary Members. + +345 LOYAL TEMPERANCE LEGIONS: + +20,584 Members. + + * * * * * + +LAWS SECURED: + +Scientific temperance instruction--1884. + +"Age of consent" raised from 10 to 16 years--1887. + +Prohibiting sale of liquor on fair grounds of state--1888. + +Prohibiting sale of cigarettes and tobacco to boys under 16 years of +age--1890. + +Forbidding employment of women and girls as barmaids--1892. + +Forbidding opening of the state's exhibit at World's Fair on Sunday--1892. + + * * * * * + +SUCCESSFUL PROTEST: + +Preventing introduction of the bill (into the Legislature) legalizing +houses of prostitution--1892. + + * * * * * + +OFFICIAL ORGAN: "WOMAN'S TEMPERANCE WORK." + + * * * * * + +COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, A.D. 1893. + + +_This brief History answers in part that oft-repeated question, "What is +the Woman's Christian Temperance Union doing?_" + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DECADES*** + + +******* This file should be named 20811.txt or 20811.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/0/8/1/20811 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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