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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/20801-h.zip b/20801-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..727df26 --- /dev/null +++ b/20801-h.zip diff --git a/20801-h/20801-h.htm b/20801-h/20801-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32e0f27 --- /dev/null +++ b/20801-h/20801-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1213 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> +<title>Some Remains (hitherto unpublished) of Joseph Butler, LL.D.</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + H1, H2 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + } + H3, H4 { + text-align: left; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + TD { vertical-align: top; } + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + color: gray;} + + .citation {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: none;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h2> +<a href="#startoftext">Some Remains (hitherto unpublished) of Joseph Butler, LL.D., by Joseph Butler</a> +</h2> +<pre> +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Some Remains (hitherto unpublished) of Joseph +Butler, LL.D., by Joseph Butler, Edited by Edward Steere + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Some Remains (hitherto unpublished) of Joseph Butler, LL.D. + + +Author: Joseph Butler + +Editor: Edward Steere + +Release Date: March 12, 2007 [eBook #20801] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME REMAINS (HITHERTO +UNPUBLISHED) OF JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D.*** +</pre> +<p><a name="startoftext"></a></p> +<p>Transcribed from the 1853 Rivingtons edition by David Price, +email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> +<h1>SOME REMAINS<br /> +(<span class="smcap">hitherto unpublished</span>)<br /> +<span class="smcap">of</span><br /> +JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D.</h1> +<p style="text-align: center"><span +class="smcap">sometime</span><br /> +LORD BISHOP OF DURHAM.</p> +<blockquote><p>“I am more indebted to his writings than to +those of any other <i>uninspired</i> writer, for the insight +which I have been enabled to attain into the motives of the +Divine Economy and the grounds of moral obligation.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p style="text-align: right"><i>From a Letter of the late Bishop +Kaye</i>, <i>of Lincoln</i>.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">LONDON:<br /> +RIVINGTONS, WATERLOO PLACE.<br /> +1853.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 2--><a +name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span><span +class="smcap">LONDON</span>:<br /> +<span class="smcap">gilbert and rivington</span>, <span +class="smcap">printers</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">st. john’s square</span></p> +<h2><!-- page 3--><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +3</span>PREFACE.</h2> +<p>It has long been a subject of regret that we should have so +few remains of so great a writer as the author of the +“Analogy,” not only the greatest thinker of his day, +but one almost equally remarkable for his personal religion and +amiability.</p> +<p>The few fragments and letters which remain unpublished, derive +from this circumstance a value wholly incommensurate with their +extent, though, as to the few I have been able to recover, they +seem to me worthy of notice even for their own sake.</p> +<p>There can, I suppose, be no doubt but that many letters on +subjects connected with their common pursuit,—the defence +of religion by rational arguments,—must have passed between +Dr. Clarke and the “Gentleman in Gloucestershire,” +even up to the time of the former’s decease; and the +specimen I am now able to exhibit certainly excites a wish that +one could recover more of a series which it is most likely that +Dr. Clarke at least carefully preserved. The three letters +now printed were all addressed to <!-- page 4--><a +name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>Dr. Clarke; the +first and last, though little known, were published many years +ago in the European Magazine.</p> +<p>The second and third Fragments are printed as they were +written, having apparently been noted down from time to time as +the ideas occurred to their author; thus at the end of the first +paragraph of the third Fragment, the word “direction” +was originally written “advice,” but was subsequently +altered in a different ink, being the same with that in which the +sentences immediately following were written. I have not +thought myself at liberty to make any attempt to reduce these +Fragments to better consistency; indeed, their present disordered +state seems to me rather to add to their interest, as showing the +mode in which the stones were gathered for building up such works +as the “Analogy” and the “Sermons.” +It will be observed that I have found a difficulty in reading the +last part of the third Fragment, and I am by no means sure that I +have quite hit the sense intended; I should like it to apply +either to the Cross set up at Bristol, or to the famous Charge +delivered at Durham.</p> +<p>I have added a cotemporary notice of the buildings at Bristol, +and an anecdote showing how they were thought of, as well as a +statement, made after the Bishop’s death, of his +proceedings with regard to the church, which is now St. +George’s, near Bristol, in order to establish the fact of +the separation of the property there mentioned from the bulk of +his <!-- page 5--><a name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +5</span>estate;—showing his desire to do something for the +benefit of the people of Kingswood, a district the moral +degradation of which had already attracted the attention of +Whitefield and Wesley.</p> +<p>The following extract has been kindly communicated to me from +the Diary of Dr. Thomas Wilson, the son of the great Bishop of +Sodor and Man; and I print it here more especially to invite the +attention of all who take an interest in these things to the +fact, that a copy may have been made for the King of the sermon +there mentioned, and may possibly even yet be in existence +somewhere; if so, it cannot but be worth the trouble of recovery +and publication.</p> +<blockquote><p>1737, December, Friday, 23rd. “The +Master [<i>i.e.</i> Sir Joseph Jekyll, Master of the Rolls] told +me that the King desired that Dr. Butler, Clerk of the Closet to +the late Queen, might preach before him in the Princess +Amelia’s apartments. He preached upon the subject of +being bettered by afflictions, which affected His Majesty so much +that he desired the sermon, and assured him that he would do +something very good for him. The Master desired that it +might be known publicly, it was told him by the Bishop of Oxford +[Seeker]. The Master seemed mightily pleased, and was in +hopes it would be of great service to the public as well as his +private family, which will be a pleasure to every body, and make +even the death of Her Majesty (so great a seeming loss) of +advantage to the nation.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p><!-- page 6--><a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +6</span>I have been mainly induced to publish these Remains by +the pleasure with which some copies I had given away privately +have been received, and I confess that the fruit I should be most +gratified to see, would be the recovery of some longer work, not +less worthy of its Author’s reputation.</p> +<p style="text-align: right">EDWARD STEERE, LL.D.</p> +<p>University College, London,<br /> +1st September, 1853.</p> +<h2><!-- page 7--><a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +7</span>FRAGMENTS.</h2> +<p>From the autographs of Bp. Butler now in the library at the +British Museum. [Add. MS. 9815.]</p> +<h3>I.</h3> +<p>God cannot approve of any thing but what is in itself Right, +Fit, Just. We should worship and endeavour to obey Him with +this Consciousness and Recollection. To endeavour to please +a man merely, is a different thing from endeavouring to please +him as a wise and good man, <i>i.e.</i> endeavouring to please +him in the particular way, of behaving towards him as we think +the relations we stand in to him, and the intercourse we have +with him, require.</p> +<p>Almighty God is to be sure infinitely removed from all those +human weaknesses which we express by the words, captious, apt to +take offence, &c. But an unthinking world does not +consider what may be absolutely due to Him from all Creatures +capable of considering themselves as His Creatures. +Recollect the idea, inadequate as it is, which we have of God, +and the idea of ourselves, and carelessness with regard to Him, +whether we are to <!-- page 8--><a name="page8"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 8</span>worship Him at all, whether we worship +Him in a right manner, or conceited confidence that we do so, +will seem to imply unspeakable Presumption. Neither do we +know what necessary, unalterable connexion there may be, between +moral right and happiness, moral wrong and misery.</p> +<p>Sincerity is doubtless the thing, and not whether we hit the +right manner, &c. But a sense of the imperfection of +our worship, apprehension that it may be, and a degree of fear +that it is, in some respects erroneous, may perhaps be a temper +of mind not unbecoming such poor creatures as we are, in our +addresses to God. In proportion as we are assured that we +are honest and sincere, we may rest satisfied that God cannot be +offended with us, but indifference whether what we do be +materially, or in the nature of the thing abstracted from our way +of considering it, Good and Right,—such indifference is +utterly inconsistent with Sincerity.</p> +<p>No person who has just notions of God can be afraid of His +displeasure any further than as he is afraid of his own +Character, whether it be what it ought: but so far as a man has +reason to fear his own character, so far there must be reason to +fear God’s displeasure, or disapprobation; not from any +doubt of His Perfection and Goodness, but merely from the belief +of it.</p> +<p>Is it possible that people can be Scepticks in <i>Opinion</i>, +and yet without any doubtfulness, or solicitude about their +<i>Actions</i> and <i>Behaviour</i>?</p> +<h3><!-- page 9--><a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +9</span>II.</h3> +<p>What a wonderful incongruity it is for a man to see the +doubtfulness in which things are involved, and yet be impatient +out of action, or vehement in it! Say a man is a Sceptick, +and add what was said of Brutus, <i>quicquid vult valde vult</i>, +and you say, there is the greatest Contrariety between his +Understanding and his Temper that can be expressed in words.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p>In general a man ought not to do other people’s duty for +them; for their duty was appointed them for their exercise; and +besides, who will do it in case of his death? Nor has a man +any right to raise in others such a dependance upon him as that +they must be miserable in case of his death, tho’ whilst he +lives he answers that dependance.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p>Hobbs’ definition of Benevolence, that ’tis the +love of power is base and false, but there is more of truth in it +than appears at first sight; the real Benevolence of men being, I +think, for the most part, not indeed the single love of power, +but the love of power to be exercised in the way of doing good; +that is a different thing from the love of the good or happiness +of others by whomsoever effected, which last I call single or +simple Benevolence. How little there is of this in the +world may appear by observing, how many persons can bear with +great tranquillity that <!-- page 10--><a name="page10"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 10</span>a friend or child should live in +misery, who yet cannot bear the thought of their death.</p> +<p>Good men surely are not treated in this world as they deserve, +yet ’tis seldom, very seldom their goodness which makes +them disliked, even in cases where it may seem to be so: but +’tis some behaviour or other, which however excusable, +perhaps infinitely overbalanced by their virtues, yet is +offensive, possibly wrong; however such, it may be, as would pass +off very well in a man of the world.</p> +<h3>III.</h3> +<p>Shall I not be faithful to God? If He puts a part upon +me to do, shall I neglect or refuse it? A part to suffer, +and shall I say I would not if I could help it? Can words +more ill-sorted, more shocking be put together? And is not +the thing expressed by them more so, tho’ not expressed in +words? What then shall I prefer to the sovereign Good, +supreme Excellence, absolute Perfection? To whom shall I +apply for direction in opposition to Infinite Wisdom? To +whom for protection against Almighty Power?</p> +<p style="text-align: right">Sunday Evening, June 13, 1742.</p> +<p>Hunger and thirst after Righteousness till filled with it by +being made partaker of the Divine nature.</p> +<p>Ad te levo oculos meos, qui habitas in coelis. <!-- page +11--><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 11</span>Sicut +oculi servorum <i>intenti sunt</i> ad manum dominorum suorum, +sicut oculi ancillae ad manum dominae suae; ita oculi nostri ad +Deum nostrum, donec misereatur nostri.</p> +<p>As all my passions and affections to my Reason such as it is, +so in consideration of the fallibility and infinite deficiencies +of this my Reason, I would subject it to God, that He may guide +and succour it.</p> +<p>Our wants as Creatures: our Demerits as Sinners.</p> +<p>That I may have a due sense of the hand of God in every thing, +and then put myself into His hand to lead me through whatever +ways He shall think fit; either to add to my burden, or lighten +it, or wholly discharge me of it.</p> +<p>Be more afraid of myself than of the world.</p> +<p>To discern the hand of God in every thing and have a due sense +of it.</p> +<p>Instead of deluding oneself in imagining one should behave +well in times and circumstances other than those in which one is +placed, to take care and be faithful and behave well in those one +is placed in.</p> +<p>That God would please to make my way plain before my face, and +deliver me from offending the scrupulousness of any <a +name="citation11"></a><a href="#footnote11" +class="citation">[11]</a>, or if not, O assist me to act the +right part under it!</p> +<h2><!-- page 12--><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +12</span>LETTERS.</h2> +<h3>I.</h3> +<p>From a Copy formerly belonging to Dr. Birch, and now in the +library at the British Museum. [Add. MS. 4370.]</p> +<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Dr.</span></p> +<p>’Twas but last night I received your letter from +Gloucester, having left that place three weeks since. It +revived in my mind some very melancholy thoughts I had upon my +being obliged to quit those studies, that had a direct tendency +to divinity, that being what I should chuse for the business of +my life, it being, I think, of all other studies the most +suitable to a reasonable nature. I say my being obliged, +for there is every encouragement (whether one regards interest or +usefulness) now-a-days for any to enter that profession, who has +not got a way of commanding his assent to received opinions +without examination.</p> +<p>I had some thoughts, Sir, of paying you my acknowledgments in +person for that surprising air of candour and affability with +which you have treated me in the Letters that have passed between +us. But really I could not put on so bold a face, as to +intrude into a gentleman’s company with no other excuse but +that of having received an obligation from him. I have not +the least prospect of ever being in <!-- page 13--><a +name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>a capacity of +giving any more than a verbal declaration of my gratitude: so I +hope you’l accept that, and believe it’s with the +utmost sincerity I subscribe myself,</p> +<p>Sir,</p> +<p>Your most obliged, most obedient humble servant,</p> +<p style="text-align: right">J. BUTLER.</p> +<p>Hamlin’s Coffee-house,<br /> +Tuesday Morning.</p> +<h3>II.</h3> +<p>The original of this Letter with the answer, which is roughly +written on the blank leaf, is, I believe, now in the library of +Oriel College, Oxford. I am indebted for my copy to the +kindness of the Rev. J. H. Newman, D.D., formerly of that +College.</p> +<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Sir</span>,</p> +<p>I had long resisted an Inclination to desire your Thoughts +upon the difficulty mentioned in my last, till I considered that +the trouble in answering it would be only carrying on the general +purpose of your Life, and that I might claim the same right to +your Instructions with others; notwithstanding which, I should +not have mentioned it to you had I not thought (which is natural +when one fancies one sees a thing clearly) that I could easily +express it with clearness to others. However I should by no +means have given you a second trouble upon the subject had I not +had your particular leave. I thought proper just to mention +these things that you might <!-- page 14--><a +name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>not suspect +me to take advantage from your Civility to trouble you with any +thing, but only such objections as seem to me of Weight, and +which I cannot get rid of any other way. A disposition in +our natures to be influenced by right motives is as absolutely +necessary to render us moral Agents, as a Capacity to discern +right motives is. These two are I think quite +<i>distinct</i> perceptions, the <i>former</i> proceeding from a +desire inseparable from a Conscious Being of its own happiness, +the <i>latter</i> being only our Understanding, or Faculty of +seeing Truth. Since a <i>disposition</i> to be influenced +by right motives is a <i>sine quâ non</i> to Virtuous +Actions, an Indifferency to right motives must +<i>incapacitate</i> us for Virtuous Actions, or render us in that +particular not moral agents. I do indeed think that no +Rational Creature is <i>strictly speaking Indifferent</i> to +Right Motives, but yet there seems to be somewhat which to all +intents of the present question is the same, viz. <i>a stronger +disposition to be influenced by contrary or wrong motives</i>, +and this I take to be always the Case when any vice is +committed. But since it may be said, as you hint, that this +stronger disposition to be influenced by Vicious Motives may have +been contracted by repeated Acts of Wickedness, we will pitch +upon the <i>first Vicious Action</i> any one is guilty of. +No man would have committed this first Vicious Action if he had +not had a <i>stronger</i> (at least as strong) <i>disposition</i> +in him to be influenced by the <i>Motives of the Vicious +Action</i>, than by the <i>motives </i><!-- page 15--><a +name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span><i>of the +contrary Virtuous Action</i>; from whence I infallibly conclude, +that since every man has committed some first Vice, every man +had, <i>antecedent</i> to the commission of it, a <i>stronger +disposition</i> to be influenced by the <i>Vicious</i> than the +<i>Virtuous</i> motive. My difficulty upon this is, that a +<i>stronger natural disposition</i> to be influenced by the +Vicious than the Virtuous Motive (which every one has antecedent +to his first vice), seems, to all purposes of the present +question, to put the Man in the same condition as though he was +<i>indifferent to the Virtuous Motive</i>; and since an +<i>indifferency to the Virtuous Motive</i> would have +<i>incapacitated</i> a Man from being a <i>moral Agent</i>, or +<i>contracting guilt</i>, is not a <i>stronger disposition</i> to +be influenced by the <i>Vicious</i> Motive as great an +<i>Incapacity</i>? Suppose I have two diversions offered +me, <i>both</i> of which I could not enjoy, I like both of them, +but yet have a <i>stronger</i> inclination to one than to the +other, I am not indeed strictly <i>indifferent</i> to either, +because I should be glad to <i>enjoy both</i>; but am I not +exactly <i>in the same case</i>, <i>to all intents and purposes +of acting</i>, as though I was <i>absolutely indifferent</i> to +that diversion which I have the <i>least</i> inclination +to? You suppose Man to be endued naturally with a +<i>disposition to be influenced by Virtuous Motives</i>, and that +<i>this Disposition is a sine quâ non to Virtuous +Actions</i>, both which I fully believe; but then you <i>omit</i> +to consider the natural Inclination to be influenced by Vicious +Motives, which, <i>whenever a Vice is committed</i>, is at least +<i>equally strong</i> with the <!-- page 16--><a +name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 16</span>other, and in +the first Vice <i>is not affected by Habits</i>, but is as +<i>natural</i>, and as much <i>out of a man’s power</i> as +the other. I am much obliged to your offer of writing to +Mr. Laughton, which I shall very thankfully accept of, but am not +certain when I shall go to Cambridge; however, I believe it will +be about the middle of the next month.</p> +<p>I am, Rev. Sir,<br /> +Your most obliged humble Servant,</p> +<p style="text-align: right">J. BUTLER.</p> +<p>Oriel, Oct. the 6th.</p> +<h4>THE ANSWER.</h4> +<p>Your objection seems indeed very dexterous, and yet I really +think that there is at bottom nothing in it. But of this +you are to judge, not from my assertion, but from the reason I +shall endeavour to give to it.</p> +<p>I think then, that a <i>disposition to be influenced by right +motives</i> being what we call <i>rationality</i>, there cannot +be on the contrary (properly speaking) any such thing naturally +in rational creatures as a <i>disposition to be influenced by +wrong motives</i>. This can be nothing but mere +<i>perverseness of will</i>; and whether even that can be said to +amount to a disposition to be influenced by wrong motives, +<i>formally</i>, and as such, may (I think) well be +doubted. Men have by nature strong inclinations to certain +objects. None of these inclinations are vicious, but vice +consists in pursuing the inclination towards any object in +certain <!-- page 17--><a name="page17"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 17</span>circumstances, notwithstanding +<i>reason</i>, or the natural disposition to be influenced by +right motives, declares to the man’s conscience at the same +time (or would do, if he attended to it) that the object ought +not to be pursued in those circumstances. Nevertheless, +where the man commits the crime, the <i>natural disposition</i> +was only towards the <i>object</i>, not formally towards the +doing it upon wrong motives; and generally the very essence of +the crime consists in the liberty of the will forcibly overruling +the <i>actual disposition towards being influenced by right +motives</i>, and not at all (as you suppose) in the man’s +having any <i>natural disposition to be influenced by wrong +motives</i>, as such.</p> +<h3>III.</h3> +<p>From the original, now in the library at the British +Museum. [Add. MS. 12,101.]</p> +<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Sir</span>,</p> +<p>I had the honour of your kind letter yesterday, and must own +that I do now see a <i>difference</i> between the nature of +<i>that disposition which we have to be influenced by virtuous +motives</i>, and <i>that contrary disposition</i>, (or whatever +else it may <i>properly</i> be called,) which is the +<i>occasion</i> of our committing <i>sin</i>; and hope in time to +get a thorough insight into this Subject by means of those helps +you have been pleased to afford me. I find it necessary to +consider such very abstruse questions <!-- page 18--><a +name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>at different +times and in different dispositions; and have found particular +use of this method upon that abstract subject of +<i>Necessity</i>: for tho’ I did not see the force of your +argument for the <i>unity of the Divine Nature</i> when I had +done writing to you upon that subject, I am now <i>fully +satisfied</i> that it is conclusive. I will only just add +that I suppose somewhat in my last letter was not clearly +expressed, for I did not at all <i>design</i> to say, that <i>the +essence of any crime consisted in the man’s having a +natural disposition to be influenced by wrong motives</i>.</p> +<p>I was fully resolved to have gone to Cambridge some time in +this Term, not in the least expecting but that I might have the +Terms allowed there which I have kept here, but I am informed by +one who has been there that it is not at all to be depended upon; +but that it’s more likely to be refused than granted +me. My design was this; when I had taken the Degree of +Batchelor of Arts at Cambridge, (which I would have done to have +the Priviledge of that Gown,) to take that of Batchelor of Law a +year afterwards, but if I cannot have the Terms I have kept for +Batchelor of Arts allowed there, it will be highly proper for me +to stay at Oxford to take that degree here, before I go to +Cambridge to take Batchelor of Law. I will inquire +concerning the truth of what the gentleman told me, and if I find +he is mistaken and that I can take the degree of Batchelor of +Arts at Cambridge <!-- page 19--><a name="page19"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 19</span>next June, which is the time I shall +be standing for it, and Batchelor of Law a year after that; I +will make bold to accept of your kind offer to write to Mr. +Laughton, and will acquaint you with it as soon as I am +satisfied, otherwise I will give you no further trouble in the +matter; and indeed I am sorry I should have given you any already +upon it, but I thought I had sufficient reason to be satisfied, +and had not the least suspicion in the world that there was any +uncertainty about getting the Terms allowed, so I hope you will +excuse it.</p> +<p>I am with the greatest respect and gratitude for all your +favours,</p> +<p>Rev. Sir,<br /> +Your most obedient humble Servant,</p> +<p style="text-align: right">J. BUTLER.</p> +<p>Oriel Coll., Oct. 10, 1717.</p> +<p>I should have written yesterday, to prevent your trouble of +writing to Mr. Laughton, but I was not informed of what I have +mentioned before last night.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p>This Letter, as well as the one immediately preceding, appears +to have been intended by Dr. Clarke for publication, as in both +the concluding passages relating to private matters have been +struck through, and on the back of this last is written, +“These to be added to the next edition of Leibnitz’s +Letters.” I believe those Letters never reached a +second edition.</p> +<h2><!-- page 20--><a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +20</span>PRAYERS.</h2> +<p>From a Copy in Bp. Butler’s handwriting, now in the +library at the British Museum. [Add. MS. 9815.]</p> +<p>O Almighty God, Maker and Preserver of the world, Governor and +Judge of all creatures, whom Thou hast endued with understanding +so as to render them accountable for their actions and capable of +being judged for them; we prostrate ourselves as in Thy presence, +and worship Thee the Sovereign Lord of all, in Whom we live and +move and have our being. The greatness and perfection of +Thy Nature is infinitely beyond all possible comprehension, but +in proportion to our capacities we would endeavour to have a true +conception of Thy Divine Majesty, and to live under a just sense +and apprehension of it: that we may fear Thee and hope in Thee as +we entirely depend upon Thee: that we may love Thee as supremely +good, and have our wills conformed to Thy will in all +righteousness and truth: that we may be thankful to Thee for +every thing we enjoy, as the gift of Thine hand, and be patient +under every affliction as what Thou sendest or permittest.</p> +<p>We desire to be duly sensible of what we have done amiss, and +we solemnly resolve before Thee, that for the time to come we +will endeavour to obey all Thy commands as they are made known to +us.</p> +<p><!-- page 21--><a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +21</span>We are Thy Creatures by Nature; we give up ourselves to +be Thy servants voluntarily and by Choice, and present ourselves, +body and soul, a living sacrifice to Thee.</p> +<p>But, O Almighty God, as Thou hast manifested Thyself to the +world by Jesus Christ; as Thou hast given Him to be a +Propitiation for the sins of it, and the Mediator between God and +Man; we lay hold with all humility and thankfulness on so +inestimable a Benefit, and come unto Thee according to Thine +appointment in His Name, and in the form and manner which He has +taught us.</p> +<p>Our Father, &c.</p> +<h3>MORNING PRAYER.</h3> +<p>Almighty God, by whose protection we were preserved the night +passed, and are here before Thee this morning in health and +safety; we dedicate this day, and all the days we have to live to +Thy service; resolving, that we will abstain from all evil, that +we will take heed to the thing that is right in all our actions, +and endeavour to do our duty in that state of life in which Thy +Providence has placed us. We would remind ourselves that we +are always, wherever we may go, in Thy presence. We would +be always in Thy fear; and we beg the continuance of Thy merciful +protection, and that Thou would’st guide and keep us in all +our ways through Jesus Christ our Lord.</p> +<h3><!-- page 22--><a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +22</span>EVENING PRAYER,</h3> +<p>Almighty God, whose continued providence ordereth all things +both in Heaven and Earth; Who never slumberest nor sleepest; but +hast divided the light from the darkness, and made the day for +employment and the night for rest to Thy creatures the +inhabitants of the earth: we acknowledge with all thankfulness +Thy merciful preservation of us this day, by which we are brought +in safety to the evening of it. We implore Thy forgiveness +of all the offences which we have been guilty of in it, whether +in thought, word, or deed; and desire to have a due sense of Thy +goodness in keeping us out of the way of those temptations by +which we might have fallen into greater sins, and in preserving +us from those misfortunes and sad accidents, common to every day, +and which must have befallen many others. We humbly commit +ourselves to the same good providence this night, that we may +sleep in quiet under Thy protection, and wake, if it be Thy will, +in the morning in renewed life and strength. And we beg the +assistance of Thy grace to live in such a manner, that when the +few days and nights which thou shalt allot us in this world be +passed away, we may die in peace, and finally obtain the +resurrection unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p>Almighty God, Whose tender mercies are over all Thy works, who +feedest the fowls of the air and the <!-- page 23--><a +name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span>beasts of the +field, and hast given unto us all things that pertain unto life +and godliness, we desire to have our souls possessed with a due +sense of Thy blessings, and to show forth our thankfulness by +moderation and temperance in the use of them, by being kind and +compassionate to those who are in distress, and by all those good +works which Thou hast appointed us to walk in. And we +humbly hope we shall at last experience all Thy goodness to us +consummate in that future state, which Thou hast prepared for +them that love and fear Thee through Jesus Christ our Lord. +Amen.</p> +<h2><!-- page 24--><a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +24</span>EXTRACT FROM THE MS. COLLECTIONS</h2> +<p><i>From the MS. Collections of the Rev. W. Cole</i>, <i>now in +the Library at the British Museum</i>. <i>Vol.</i> 10, +<i>p.</i> 92, <i>taken at Bristol in the year</i> 1746.</p> +<p>Having done with what is in the Cathedral, let us just step +into the Bishop’s Palace on the south side of it: and here +we cannot help observing the generous Temper of the present +worthy prelate; who in a poor Bishoprick of about £500 per +ann. has already laid out on building an entire new Palace in the +room of the old one which was gone to decay, above +£3000. The small Chapel belonging to the old one is +standing; but entirely new fitted up, furnished in an elegant +Taste and newly wainscoted and a Tribune from one of his +Lordship’s rooms to look into it at the west end, over the +door which is entirely new. The altar piece is of black +marble inlaid with a milk white cross of white marble; which is +plain and has a good effect. In the East window over it is +a small Crucifix with the B. Virgin and St. John under the Cross +weeping, of old glass; and not very curious. Over the new +Door into the Chapel from the Hall, in a void space made on +purpose, is a very old Coat of Glass of the Arms of Berkly +ensigned with a mitre: and this is another reason to make one +think that the old Abbey of Bristol gave these arms to their +Founder, for their own Coat. I was pleased to find the +present Bishop paid such a regard to the memory of <!-- page +25--><a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 25</span>the +Ancient Abbey and its Founders, as to preserve this old memorial +of them with so much care and precaution. A pattern worthy +to be imitated in an age, that to my knowledge, in certain +places, has not only had such marks of their benefactors taken +away in order to get up modern crown glass; but has also given +away and destroyed such memorials of them, as the care of their +predecessors for 3 or 400 years have with the utmost gratitude +and veneration preserved.</p> +<p>Over the hall chimney-piece, which is preserved with equal +care by his Lordship, are the arms of Bishop Wright impaled by +his See, and a mitre over them, and R. W. on each side of them; +as also Wright impaling per Pale undé six martlets +countercharged for Fleetwood.</p> +<p>I don’t see his Lordship’s Arms in any part of the +Palace, which has so just a title to have them in every part of +it; but however, I shall give them a place here in gratitude to +his memory who so well deserves of this place, which, though I +have no concern in, nor no acquaintance with his Lordship, yet +one always has a value for a grateful and benevolent mind.</p> +<p>The arms of Joseph Butler, Lord Bishop of Bristol and Dean of +St. Paul’s, are: A. three covered Cups on Bend S, inter two +Bendlets engrailed G.</p> +<p>His Lordship was, on the decease of the late Lord Bishop of +Hereford, by his Majesty appointed Clerk of the Royal Closet; and +it is said that he has also <!-- page 26--><a +name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 26</span>a promise, on +the next vacancy, of a translation to the rich See of Durham, +which will be well bestowed on a person of his Lordship’s +large and universal benevolence.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p>From the same.</p> +<p>Dr. Freeman, speaking of the chapel in the palace at Bristol, +told me that he was mentioning the neatness and elegance of it to +Bishop Young at Therfield, who told him, that however he might +admire the decency and elegance of it, yet upon his waiting, upon +some occasion or other, on my Lord Hardwick, his Lordship spoke +to him of it, and asked him whether he had not a design of +pulling down the cross of marble over the Altar, which he thought +was offensive; to which the Bishop replied, that it was probable +that he should not have set it up there, but that he should not +choose to have it said that Bishop Young had pulled down what +Bishop Butler had erected.</p> +<h3><!-- page 27--><a name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +27</span>STATEMENT CONCERNING THE CHURCH AT KINGSWOOD.</h3> +<p>From a MS. in the British Museum. [Add. 9815.]</p> +<p>When the late Lord Bishop of Durham first intended to have a +place of Divine Worship erected in Kings Wood, his Scheme +was,—To solicit Subscriptions for building a Chapel, and to +give £400 towards the Endowment of it, in order to get the +like Sum from the Governors of Q. Ann’s Bounty. And +he was pleased to lay his Commands upon me to make Application to +persons the most likely to contribute to that good Work.</p> +<p>The report I brought him in Consequence of such Application, +was to this Effect, that they highly approved of the pious and +charitable design, but disliked the particular Scheme of erecting +a Chapel of Ease to the Church of St. Philip and Jacob, as this +would not answer the good purposes his Lordship intended; and +therefore proposed a Division of the Parish, and the Erection of +a new Parish and parish Church.</p> +<p>His observations on this Proposal were the +following,—That the intended Chapel in Kings Wood would not +have been a Chapel of Ease to Saint Philip and Jacob, but +distinct from it, as the Incumbent would have had nothing farther +to do with the Chapel, or the income of it, but barely to +nominate the Curate, who from thence forward would have been +independent of him: However he thought the Scheme of erecting a +new Parish to be much <!-- page 28--><a name="page28"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 28</span>preferable in itself, but was +attended with more difficulties; and therefore gave up his own +Scheme with pleasure, if the Parties concerned would join their +Endeavours to Execute the other.</p> +<p>Upon this occasion He not only permitted, but <i>ordered</i> +me to say to all Persons, and in all Companies, that he had +allotted a Benefaction of £400 for that Use. And when +some of the principal Parishioners had fixed upon the Boundaries +of their new intended Parish, and had presented a kind of +Petition or Memorial to him, To have those limits specified in +the intended Act of Parliament, they used the following +expressions. “Whereas it hath been made known unto +Us,—That your Lordship hath proposed to endeavour to obtain +an Act of Parliament for Dividing the said Parish of St. Philip +and Jacob, and for erecting and endowing a Church for the said +Parishioners,—And that <i>you have been pleased to offer a +large Subscription thereto</i>, We therefore with grateful Hearts +humbly take this opportunity of tendering you our hearty thanks +for this your pious and charitable Intention, and being very +desirous that the same may be executed, beg leave to assure your +Lordship, that we will use our best Endeavours for promoting the +same, &c.”</p> +<p>Which Petition or Memorial He ordered his Secretary to copy +out on two Pieces of Parchment. And then he, the Bishop, +sent them to me to carry them to the Parishioners to be signed; +and directed me at the same time to desire some of the +parishioners <!-- page 29--><a name="page29"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 29</span>to attend him at his Palace, which +was on a Sunday Evening; And in their and my Presence he wrote +the following words at the Bottom of one of the Petitions:</p> +<blockquote><p>“I see no objection against the Division of +the Parish above mentioned, and hope the Gentlemen, whose Consent +is necessary, will agree to it, since the Inhabitants are the +best judges, what is for their own Convenience: and it is a +matter of very little Concern to any but them.—Jo. <span +class="smcap">bristol</span>.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Likewise when the Fields, which lay contiguous to the intended +Church, were to be purchased, he went to see them, and then and +there declared in my hearing, and, as far as I can recollect, in +the hearing of several persons there present, viz. Messrs. King, +Harrison, &c., That he would purchase them for the use of the +intended Church, as soon as ever Sir Abraham Elton, the then +Proprietor, could dispose of them.</p> +<p>Also He ordered me, at different times, to bring him a List or +Account of all the monies advanced, or engaged for: And I always +put down his name with £400 opposite to it, which he +approved of.</p> +<p>Moreover, in the preamble of the Act of Parliament, drawn up +by Mr. Pearson his Lordship’s Secretary, under his +Direction, there are these words:</p> +<blockquote><p>“And the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of +Durham (late of Bristol) for promoting so good a design is +disposed and ready to give the sum of £400 towards the +Endowment of the new intended Vicarage, &c.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Which words in the first copy ran thus, “And the Right +Rev. the Lord Bishop of Bristol, &c.,” He <!-- page +30--><a name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 30</span>being +then Bishop of the See of Bristol; And I have heard his Lordship +repeat those words in perusing the said Copy.</p> +<p>Farther; upon the Coming of the present Lord Bishop of Bristol +to this See, He ordered me to draw up a short State of the Case +relating to the new intended Church, and the Several Expences +necessary for completing the Design, which Paper was afterwards +shown to the Commissioners appointed by Act of Parliament for +building the said Church, And they Requested, That it might be +printed. But before it was sent to the press, I transmitted +a Copy to the late Lord Bishop of Durham, then in London, to know +if his Lordship approved of the Publication of it, and whether He +would please to make any alteration. His answer was, That +he saw no need of Alterations, and thought that the Printing and +Dispersing of it might be of service to the charity.</p> +<p>I then directed Mr. Oliver the Printer to call upon his +Lordship for the Manuscript, which he did; and after printing the +same, He carried fifty Copies to his Lordship for his own use; +One of which Copies was sent to a pious and charitable lady, but +whether by his Lordship, or his Secretary, I cannot say; The +Issue of which was, A Benefaction of £200 sent to his +Lordship, To be disposed of either for the building or the +Endowment as his Lordship thought fit. Now in the printed +paper above mentioned, there are the following remarkable +expressions—</p> +<blockquote><p><!-- page 31--><a name="page31"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 31</span>“The late Lord Bishop of +Bristol, now of Durham, and the Right Worshipful the Mayor and +Corporation of Bristol, <i>have contributed</i> large Sums for +carrying the said good Purposes into Execution, +&c.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And upon all times and occasions, after he had Purchased the +contiguous Grounds above mentioned of Sir Abraham Elton for the +sum of £375, He used to say, That the purchase was for the +use of the new Intended Church, and did wish, That some little +adjoining Tenement might be found, to be purchased with the +remaining Sum of £25 in order to make up the even money of +£400.</p> +<p>Also when I waited on his Lordship last in London, I was +desired by Mr. Willoughby, the treasurer for the said Church, to +ask his Lordship, How he would please to have the rents of the +purchased Grounds disposed of, as some rents were then become +due, viz. whether to be applied towards the endowment—or +the Building. And his answer was, That the rents, being the +Interest of the money allotted for the Charity should be applied +to the charity, as well as the Principal: But whether towards the +Endowment or Building He was not yet determined: He believed, the +Endowment: but would fix his answer, when he came down to +Bristol.</p> +<p>And after his coming down, He several times said, that he +would give orders concerning that affair.</p> +<p>He also sent to me one time to acquaint me, That he had a +Benefaction put into his hands of £200 (the benefaction +above mentioned), And was pleased <!-- page 32--><a +name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 32</span>to desire my +advice, Whether it should be applied towards the +Endowment,—or the Building. My answer was, That as +the Building was so far advanced, There was not much danger, but +that Contributions might be raised to finish it,—Either by +voluntary Subscriptions,—or a General collection round the +city,—or by both methods together. But it would not +be found so easy a matter to raise Contributions for the +Endowment. And the Sums hitherto procured were very far +from being a Competency for a <i>Resident</i> Minister. I +then mentioned his Benefaction of £400, and the £400 +from Q. Ann’s Bounty, as being a sum which might be +depended on,—Also the benefaction of £200 in his +Lordship’s Hands; which possibly might obtain £200 +more from the Bounty;—So that the whole Sum, to be reckoned +upon, even with the supposed addition of £200 from the +Bounty, would only amount to £1200, which at 3 per cent., +would make an Income of £36 a year.</p> +<p>His Lordship was pleased to approve of this Reasoning upon the +Case, and said, The £200 should go towards the Endowment: +And as his own was a bad Life, the Benefaction should be enrolled +in the name of Mr. Pearson, in order to try to obtain £200 +more from Q. Ann’s Bounty.</p> +<p>All these particulars I am willing to testify upon Oath.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">THE END.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">gilbert and +rivington</span>, <span class="smcap">printers</span>, <span +class="smcap">st. john’s square</span>, <span +class="smcap">london</span>.</p> +<h2>Footnotes</h2> +<p><a name="footnote11"></a><a href="#citation11" +class="footnote">[11]</a> I have been quite unable to decipher +the original of this; by the letters it seems to make “from +offendimtum of Scrupleousness.”</p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME REMAINS (HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED)</p> +<pre> +OF JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D.*** + + +***** This file should be named 20801-h.htm or 20801-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/0/8/0/20801 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Some Remains (hitherto unpublished) of Joseph Butler, LL.D. + + +Author: Joseph Butler + +Editor: Edward Steere + +Release Date: March 12, 2007 [eBook #20801] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME REMAINS (HITHERTO +UNPUBLISHED) OF JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D.*** + + + + + +Transcribed from the 1853 Rivingtons edition by David Price, email +ccx074@pglaf.org + + + + + +SOME REMAINS +(HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED) +OF +JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D. + + +SOMETIME +LORD BISHOP OF DURHAM. + + "I am more indebted to his writings than to those of any other + _uninspired_ writer, for the insight which I have been enabled to + attain into the motives of the Divine Economy and the grounds of moral + obligation." + +_From a Letter of the late Bishop Kaye_, _of Lincoln_. + +LONDON: +RIVINGTONS, WATERLOO PLACE. +1853. + +LONDON: +GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, +ST. JOHN'S SQUARE + + + + +PREFACE. + + +It has long been a subject of regret that we should have so few remains +of so great a writer as the author of the "Analogy," not only the +greatest thinker of his day, but one almost equally remarkable for his +personal religion and amiability. + +The few fragments and letters which remain unpublished, derive from this +circumstance a value wholly incommensurate with their extent, though, as +to the few I have been able to recover, they seem to me worthy of notice +even for their own sake. + +There can, I suppose, be no doubt but that many letters on subjects +connected with their common pursuit,--the defence of religion by rational +arguments,--must have passed between Dr. Clarke and the "Gentleman in +Gloucestershire," even up to the time of the former's decease; and the +specimen I am now able to exhibit certainly excites a wish that one could +recover more of a series which it is most likely that Dr. Clarke at least +carefully preserved. The three letters now printed were all addressed to +Dr. Clarke; the first and last, though little known, were published many +years ago in the European Magazine. + +The second and third Fragments are printed as they were written, having +apparently been noted down from time to time as the ideas occurred to +their author; thus at the end of the first paragraph of the third +Fragment, the word "direction" was originally written "advice," but was +subsequently altered in a different ink, being the same with that in +which the sentences immediately following were written. I have not +thought myself at liberty to make any attempt to reduce these Fragments +to better consistency; indeed, their present disordered state seems to me +rather to add to their interest, as showing the mode in which the stones +were gathered for building up such works as the "Analogy" and the +"Sermons." It will be observed that I have found a difficulty in reading +the last part of the third Fragment, and I am by no means sure that I +have quite hit the sense intended; I should like it to apply either to +the Cross set up at Bristol, or to the famous Charge delivered at Durham. + +I have added a cotemporary notice of the buildings at Bristol, and an +anecdote showing how they were thought of, as well as a statement, made +after the Bishop's death, of his proceedings with regard to the church, +which is now St. George's, near Bristol, in order to establish the fact +of the separation of the property there mentioned from the bulk of his +estate;--showing his desire to do something for the benefit of the people +of Kingswood, a district the moral degradation of which had already +attracted the attention of Whitefield and Wesley. + +The following extract has been kindly communicated to me from the Diary +of Dr. Thomas Wilson, the son of the great Bishop of Sodor and Man; and I +print it here more especially to invite the attention of all who take an +interest in these things to the fact, that a copy may have been made for +the King of the sermon there mentioned, and may possibly even yet be in +existence somewhere; if so, it cannot but be worth the trouble of +recovery and publication. + + 1737, December, Friday, 23rd. "The Master [_i.e._ Sir Joseph Jekyll, + Master of the Rolls] told me that the King desired that Dr. Butler, + Clerk of the Closet to the late Queen, might preach before him in the + Princess Amelia's apartments. He preached upon the subject of being + bettered by afflictions, which affected His Majesty so much that he + desired the sermon, and assured him that he would do something very + good for him. The Master desired that it might be known publicly, it + was told him by the Bishop of Oxford [Seeker]. The Master seemed + mightily pleased, and was in hopes it would be of great service to the + public as well as his private family, which will be a pleasure to + every body, and make even the death of Her Majesty (so great a seeming + loss) of advantage to the nation." + +I have been mainly induced to publish these Remains by the pleasure with +which some copies I had given away privately have been received, and I +confess that the fruit I should be most gratified to see, would be the +recovery of some longer work, not less worthy of its Author's reputation. + +EDWARD STEERE, LL.D. + +University College, London, +1st September, 1853. + + + + +FRAGMENTS. + + +From the autographs of Bp. Butler now in the library at the British +Museum. [Add. MS. 9815.] + + + +I. + + +God cannot approve of any thing but what is in itself Right, Fit, Just. +We should worship and endeavour to obey Him with this Consciousness and +Recollection. To endeavour to please a man merely, is a different thing +from endeavouring to please him as a wise and good man, _i.e._ +endeavouring to please him in the particular way, of behaving towards him +as we think the relations we stand in to him, and the intercourse we have +with him, require. + +Almighty God is to be sure infinitely removed from all those human +weaknesses which we express by the words, captious, apt to take offence, +&c. But an unthinking world does not consider what may be absolutely due +to Him from all Creatures capable of considering themselves as His +Creatures. Recollect the idea, inadequate as it is, which we have of +God, and the idea of ourselves, and carelessness with regard to Him, +whether we are to worship Him at all, whether we worship Him in a right +manner, or conceited confidence that we do so, will seem to imply +unspeakable Presumption. Neither do we know what necessary, unalterable +connexion there may be, between moral right and happiness, moral wrong +and misery. + +Sincerity is doubtless the thing, and not whether we hit the right +manner, &c. But a sense of the imperfection of our worship, apprehension +that it may be, and a degree of fear that it is, in some respects +erroneous, may perhaps be a temper of mind not unbecoming such poor +creatures as we are, in our addresses to God. In proportion as we are +assured that we are honest and sincere, we may rest satisfied that God +cannot be offended with us, but indifference whether what we do be +materially, or in the nature of the thing abstracted from our way of +considering it, Good and Right,--such indifference is utterly +inconsistent with Sincerity. + +No person who has just notions of God can be afraid of His displeasure +any further than as he is afraid of his own Character, whether it be what +it ought: but so far as a man has reason to fear his own character, so +far there must be reason to fear God's displeasure, or disapprobation; +not from any doubt of His Perfection and Goodness, but merely from the +belief of it. + +Is it possible that people can be Scepticks in _Opinion_, and yet without +any doubtfulness, or solicitude about their _Actions_ and _Behaviour_? + + + +II. + + +What a wonderful incongruity it is for a man to see the doubtfulness in +which things are involved, and yet be impatient out of action, or +vehement in it! Say a man is a Sceptick, and add what was said of +Brutus, _quicquid vult valde vult_, and you say, there is the greatest +Contrariety between his Understanding and his Temper that can be +expressed in words. + +* * * * * + +In general a man ought not to do other people's duty for them; for their +duty was appointed them for their exercise; and besides, who will do it +in case of his death? Nor has a man any right to raise in others such a +dependance upon him as that they must be miserable in case of his death, +tho' whilst he lives he answers that dependance. + +* * * * * + +Hobbs' definition of Benevolence, that 'tis the love of power is base and +false, but there is more of truth in it than appears at first sight; the +real Benevolence of men being, I think, for the most part, not indeed the +single love of power, but the love of power to be exercised in the way of +doing good; that is a different thing from the love of the good or +happiness of others by whomsoever effected, which last I call single or +simple Benevolence. How little there is of this in the world may appear +by observing, how many persons can bear with great tranquillity that a +friend or child should live in misery, who yet cannot bear the thought of +their death. + +Good men surely are not treated in this world as they deserve, yet 'tis +seldom, very seldom their goodness which makes them disliked, even in +cases where it may seem to be so: but 'tis some behaviour or other, which +however excusable, perhaps infinitely overbalanced by their virtues, yet +is offensive, possibly wrong; however such, it may be, as would pass off +very well in a man of the world. + + + +III. + + +Shall I not be faithful to God? If He puts a part upon me to do, shall I +neglect or refuse it? A part to suffer, and shall I say I would not if I +could help it? Can words more ill-sorted, more shocking be put together? +And is not the thing expressed by them more so, tho' not expressed in +words? What then shall I prefer to the sovereign Good, supreme +Excellence, absolute Perfection? To whom shall I apply for direction in +opposition to Infinite Wisdom? To whom for protection against Almighty +Power? + +Sunday Evening, June 13, 1742. + +Hunger and thirst after Righteousness till filled with it by being made +partaker of the Divine nature. + +Ad te levo oculos meos, qui habitas in coelis. Sicut oculi servorum +_intenti sunt_ ad manum dominorum suorum, sicut oculi ancillae ad manum +dominae suae; ita oculi nostri ad Deum nostrum, donec misereatur nostri. + +As all my passions and affections to my Reason such as it is, so in +consideration of the fallibility and infinite deficiencies of this my +Reason, I would subject it to God, that He may guide and succour it. + +Our wants as Creatures: our Demerits as Sinners. + +That I may have a due sense of the hand of God in every thing, and then +put myself into His hand to lead me through whatever ways He shall think +fit; either to add to my burden, or lighten it, or wholly discharge me of +it. + +Be more afraid of myself than of the world. + +To discern the hand of God in every thing and have a due sense of it. + +Instead of deluding oneself in imagining one should behave well in times +and circumstances other than those in which one is placed, to take care +and be faithful and behave well in those one is placed in. + +That God would please to make my way plain before my face, and deliver me +from offending the scrupulousness of any {11}, or if not, O assist me to +act the right part under it! + + + + +LETTERS. + + +I. + + +From a Copy formerly belonging to Dr. Birch, and now in the library at +the British Museum. [Add. MS. 4370.] + +REV. DR. + +'Twas but last night I received your letter from Gloucester, having left +that place three weeks since. It revived in my mind some very melancholy +thoughts I had upon my being obliged to quit those studies, that had a +direct tendency to divinity, that being what I should chuse for the +business of my life, it being, I think, of all other studies the most +suitable to a reasonable nature. I say my being obliged, for there is +every encouragement (whether one regards interest or usefulness) now-a- +days for any to enter that profession, who has not got a way of +commanding his assent to received opinions without examination. + +I had some thoughts, Sir, of paying you my acknowledgments in person for +that surprising air of candour and affability with which you have treated +me in the Letters that have passed between us. But really I could not +put on so bold a face, as to intrude into a gentleman's company with no +other excuse but that of having received an obligation from him. I have +not the least prospect of ever being in a capacity of giving any more +than a verbal declaration of my gratitude: so I hope you'l accept that, +and believe it's with the utmost sincerity I subscribe myself, + +Sir, + +Your most obliged, most obedient humble servant, + +J. BUTLER. + +Hamlin's Coffee-house, +Tuesday Morning. + + + +II. + + +The original of this Letter with the answer, which is roughly written on +the blank leaf, is, I believe, now in the library of Oriel College, +Oxford. I am indebted for my copy to the kindness of the Rev. J. H. +Newman, D.D., formerly of that College. + +REV. SIR, + +I had long resisted an Inclination to desire your Thoughts upon the +difficulty mentioned in my last, till I considered that the trouble in +answering it would be only carrying on the general purpose of your Life, +and that I might claim the same right to your Instructions with others; +notwithstanding which, I should not have mentioned it to you had I not +thought (which is natural when one fancies one sees a thing clearly) that +I could easily express it with clearness to others. However I should by +no means have given you a second trouble upon the subject had I not had +your particular leave. I thought proper just to mention these things +that you might not suspect me to take advantage from your Civility to +trouble you with any thing, but only such objections as seem to me of +Weight, and which I cannot get rid of any other way. A disposition in +our natures to be influenced by right motives is as absolutely necessary +to render us moral Agents, as a Capacity to discern right motives is. +These two are I think quite _distinct_ perceptions, the _former_ +proceeding from a desire inseparable from a Conscious Being of its own +happiness, the _latter_ being only our Understanding, or Faculty of +seeing Truth. Since a _disposition_ to be influenced by right motives is +a _sine qua non_ to Virtuous Actions, an Indifferency to right motives +must _incapacitate_ us for Virtuous Actions, or render us in that +particular not moral agents. I do indeed think that no Rational Creature +is _strictly speaking Indifferent_ to Right Motives, but yet there seems +to be somewhat which to all intents of the present question is the same, +viz. _a stronger disposition to be influenced by contrary or wrong +motives_, and this I take to be always the Case when any vice is +committed. But since it may be said, as you hint, that this stronger +disposition to be influenced by Vicious Motives may have been contracted +by repeated Acts of Wickedness, we will pitch upon the _first Vicious +Action_ any one is guilty of. No man would have committed this first +Vicious Action if he had not had a _stronger_ (at least as strong) +_disposition_ in him to be influenced by the _Motives of the Vicious +Action_, than by the _motives of the contrary Virtuous Action_; from +whence I infallibly conclude, that since every man has committed some +first Vice, every man had, _antecedent_ to the commission of it, a +_stronger disposition_ to be influenced by the _Vicious_ than the +_Virtuous_ motive. My difficulty upon this is, that a _stronger natural +disposition_ to be influenced by the Vicious than the Virtuous Motive +(which every one has antecedent to his first vice), seems, to all +purposes of the present question, to put the Man in the same condition as +though he was _indifferent to the Virtuous Motive_; and since an +_indifferency to the Virtuous Motive_ would have _incapacitated_ a Man +from being a _moral Agent_, or _contracting guilt_, is not a _stronger +disposition_ to be influenced by the _Vicious_ Motive as great an +_Incapacity_? Suppose I have two diversions offered me, _both_ of which +I could not enjoy, I like both of them, but yet have a _stronger_ +inclination to one than to the other, I am not indeed strictly +_indifferent_ to either, because I should be glad to _enjoy both_; but am +I not exactly _in the same case_, _to all intents and purposes of +acting_, as though I was _absolutely indifferent_ to that diversion which +I have the _least_ inclination to? You suppose Man to be endued +naturally with a _disposition to be influenced by Virtuous Motives_, and +that _this Disposition is a sine qua non to Virtuous Actions_, both which +I fully believe; but then you _omit_ to consider the natural Inclination +to be influenced by Vicious Motives, which, _whenever a Vice is +committed_, is at least _equally strong_ with the other, and in the first +Vice _is not affected by Habits_, but is as _natural_, and as much _out +of a man's power_ as the other. I am much obliged to your offer of +writing to Mr. Laughton, which I shall very thankfully accept of, but am +not certain when I shall go to Cambridge; however, I believe it will be +about the middle of the next month. + +I am, Rev. Sir, +Your most obliged humble Servant, + +J. BUTLER. + +Oriel, Oct. the 6th. + + +THE ANSWER. + + +Your objection seems indeed very dexterous, and yet I really think that +there is at bottom nothing in it. But of this you are to judge, not from +my assertion, but from the reason I shall endeavour to give to it. + +I think then, that a _disposition to be influenced by right motives_ +being what we call _rationality_, there cannot be on the contrary +(properly speaking) any such thing naturally in rational creatures as a +_disposition to be influenced by wrong motives_. This can be nothing but +mere _perverseness of will_; and whether even that can be said to amount +to a disposition to be influenced by wrong motives, _formally_, and as +such, may (I think) well be doubted. Men have by nature strong +inclinations to certain objects. None of these inclinations are vicious, +but vice consists in pursuing the inclination towards any object in +certain circumstances, notwithstanding _reason_, or the natural +disposition to be influenced by right motives, declares to the man's +conscience at the same time (or would do, if he attended to it) that the +object ought not to be pursued in those circumstances. Nevertheless, +where the man commits the crime, the _natural disposition_ was only +towards the _object_, not formally towards the doing it upon wrong +motives; and generally the very essence of the crime consists in the +liberty of the will forcibly overruling the _actual disposition towards +being influenced by right motives_, and not at all (as you suppose) in +the man's having any _natural disposition to be influenced by wrong +motives_, as such. + + + +III. + + +From the original, now in the library at the British Museum. [Add. MS. +12,101.] + +REV. SIR, + +I had the honour of your kind letter yesterday, and must own that I do +now see a _difference_ between the nature of _that disposition which we +have to be influenced by virtuous motives_, and _that contrary +disposition_, (or whatever else it may _properly_ be called,) which is +the _occasion_ of our committing _sin_; and hope in time to get a +thorough insight into this Subject by means of those helps you have been +pleased to afford me. I find it necessary to consider such very abstruse +questions at different times and in different dispositions; and have +found particular use of this method upon that abstract subject of +_Necessity_: for tho' I did not see the force of your argument for the +_unity of the Divine Nature_ when I had done writing to you upon that +subject, I am now _fully satisfied_ that it is conclusive. I will only +just add that I suppose somewhat in my last letter was not clearly +expressed, for I did not at all _design_ to say, that _the essence of any +crime consisted in the man's having a natural disposition to be +influenced by wrong motives_. + +I was fully resolved to have gone to Cambridge some time in this Term, +not in the least expecting but that I might have the Terms allowed there +which I have kept here, but I am informed by one who has been there that +it is not at all to be depended upon; but that it's more likely to be +refused than granted me. My design was this; when I had taken the Degree +of Batchelor of Arts at Cambridge, (which I would have done to have the +Priviledge of that Gown,) to take that of Batchelor of Law a year +afterwards, but if I cannot have the Terms I have kept for Batchelor of +Arts allowed there, it will be highly proper for me to stay at Oxford to +take that degree here, before I go to Cambridge to take Batchelor of Law. +I will inquire concerning the truth of what the gentleman told me, and if +I find he is mistaken and that I can take the degree of Batchelor of Arts +at Cambridge next June, which is the time I shall be standing for it, and +Batchelor of Law a year after that; I will make bold to accept of your +kind offer to write to Mr. Laughton, and will acquaint you with it as +soon as I am satisfied, otherwise I will give you no further trouble in +the matter; and indeed I am sorry I should have given you any already +upon it, but I thought I had sufficient reason to be satisfied, and had +not the least suspicion in the world that there was any uncertainty about +getting the Terms allowed, so I hope you will excuse it. + +I am with the greatest respect and gratitude for all your favours, + +Rev. Sir, +Your most obedient humble Servant, + +J. BUTLER. + +Oriel Coll., Oct. 10, 1717. + +I should have written yesterday, to prevent your trouble of writing to +Mr. Laughton, but I was not informed of what I have mentioned before last +night. + +* * * * * + +This Letter, as well as the one immediately preceding, appears to have +been intended by Dr. Clarke for publication, as in both the concluding +passages relating to private matters have been struck through, and on the +back of this last is written, "These to be added to the next edition of +Leibnitz's Letters." I believe those Letters never reached a second +edition. + + + + +PRAYERS. + + +From a Copy in Bp. Butler's handwriting, now in the library at the +British Museum. [Add. MS. 9815.] + +O Almighty God, Maker and Preserver of the world, Governor and Judge of +all creatures, whom Thou hast endued with understanding so as to render +them accountable for their actions and capable of being judged for them; +we prostrate ourselves as in Thy presence, and worship Thee the Sovereign +Lord of all, in Whom we live and move and have our being. The greatness +and perfection of Thy Nature is infinitely beyond all possible +comprehension, but in proportion to our capacities we would endeavour to +have a true conception of Thy Divine Majesty, and to live under a just +sense and apprehension of it: that we may fear Thee and hope in Thee as +we entirely depend upon Thee: that we may love Thee as supremely good, +and have our wills conformed to Thy will in all righteousness and truth: +that we may be thankful to Thee for every thing we enjoy, as the gift of +Thine hand, and be patient under every affliction as what Thou sendest or +permittest. + +We desire to be duly sensible of what we have done amiss, and we solemnly +resolve before Thee, that for the time to come we will endeavour to obey +all Thy commands as they are made known to us. + +We are Thy Creatures by Nature; we give up ourselves to be Thy servants +voluntarily and by Choice, and present ourselves, body and soul, a living +sacrifice to Thee. + +But, O Almighty God, as Thou hast manifested Thyself to the world by +Jesus Christ; as Thou hast given Him to be a Propitiation for the sins of +it, and the Mediator between God and Man; we lay hold with all humility +and thankfulness on so inestimable a Benefit, and come unto Thee +according to Thine appointment in His Name, and in the form and manner +which He has taught us. + +Our Father, &c. + + + +MORNING PRAYER. + + +Almighty God, by whose protection we were preserved the night passed, and +are here before Thee this morning in health and safety; we dedicate this +day, and all the days we have to live to Thy service; resolving, that we +will abstain from all evil, that we will take heed to the thing that is +right in all our actions, and endeavour to do our duty in that state of +life in which Thy Providence has placed us. We would remind ourselves +that we are always, wherever we may go, in Thy presence. We would be +always in Thy fear; and we beg the continuance of Thy merciful +protection, and that Thou would'st guide and keep us in all our ways +through Jesus Christ our Lord. + + + +EVENING PRAYER, + + +Almighty God, whose continued providence ordereth all things both in +Heaven and Earth; Who never slumberest nor sleepest; but hast divided the +light from the darkness, and made the day for employment and the night +for rest to Thy creatures the inhabitants of the earth: we acknowledge +with all thankfulness Thy merciful preservation of us this day, by which +we are brought in safety to the evening of it. We implore Thy +forgiveness of all the offences which we have been guilty of in it, +whether in thought, word, or deed; and desire to have a due sense of Thy +goodness in keeping us out of the way of those temptations by which we +might have fallen into greater sins, and in preserving us from those +misfortunes and sad accidents, common to every day, and which must have +befallen many others. We humbly commit ourselves to the same good +providence this night, that we may sleep in quiet under Thy protection, +and wake, if it be Thy will, in the morning in renewed life and strength. +And we beg the assistance of Thy grace to live in such a manner, that +when the few days and nights which thou shalt allot us in this world be +passed away, we may die in peace, and finally obtain the resurrection +unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. + +* * * * * + +Almighty God, Whose tender mercies are over all Thy works, who feedest +the fowls of the air and the beasts of the field, and hast given unto us +all things that pertain unto life and godliness, we desire to have our +souls possessed with a due sense of Thy blessings, and to show forth our +thankfulness by moderation and temperance in the use of them, by being +kind and compassionate to those who are in distress, and by all those +good works which Thou hast appointed us to walk in. And we humbly hope +we shall at last experience all Thy goodness to us consummate in that +future state, which Thou hast prepared for them that love and fear Thee +through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. + + + + +EXTRACT FROM THE MS. COLLECTIONS + + +_From the MS. Collections of the Rev. W. Cole_, _now in the Library at +the British Museum_. _Vol._ 10, _p._ 92, _taken at Bristol in the year_ +1746. + +Having done with what is in the Cathedral, let us just step into the +Bishop's Palace on the south side of it: and here we cannot help +observing the generous Temper of the present worthy prelate; who in a +poor Bishoprick of about 500 pounds per ann. has already laid out on +building an entire new Palace in the room of the old one which was gone +to decay, above 3000 pounds. The small Chapel belonging to the old one +is standing; but entirely new fitted up, furnished in an elegant Taste +and newly wainscoted and a Tribune from one of his Lordship's rooms to +look into it at the west end, over the door which is entirely new. The +altar piece is of black marble inlaid with a milk white cross of white +marble; which is plain and has a good effect. In the East window over it +is a small Crucifix with the B. Virgin and St. John under the Cross +weeping, of old glass; and not very curious. Over the new Door into the +Chapel from the Hall, in a void space made on purpose, is a very old Coat +of Glass of the Arms of Berkly ensigned with a mitre: and this is another +reason to make one think that the old Abbey of Bristol gave these arms to +their Founder, for their own Coat. I was pleased to find the present +Bishop paid such a regard to the memory of the Ancient Abbey and its +Founders, as to preserve this old memorial of them with so much care and +precaution. A pattern worthy to be imitated in an age, that to my +knowledge, in certain places, has not only had such marks of their +benefactors taken away in order to get up modern crown glass; but has +also given away and destroyed such memorials of them, as the care of +their predecessors for 3 or 400 years have with the utmost gratitude and +veneration preserved. + +Over the hall chimney-piece, which is preserved with equal care by his +Lordship, are the arms of Bishop Wright impaled by his See, and a mitre +over them, and R. W. on each side of them; as also Wright impaling per +Pale unde six martlets countercharged for Fleetwood. + +I don't see his Lordship's Arms in any part of the Palace, which has so +just a title to have them in every part of it; but however, I shall give +them a place here in gratitude to his memory who so well deserves of this +place, which, though I have no concern in, nor no acquaintance with his +Lordship, yet one always has a value for a grateful and benevolent mind. + +The arms of Joseph Butler, Lord Bishop of Bristol and Dean of St. Paul's, +are: A. three covered Cups on Bend S, inter two Bendlets engrailed G. + +His Lordship was, on the decease of the late Lord Bishop of Hereford, by +his Majesty appointed Clerk of the Royal Closet; and it is said that he +has also a promise, on the next vacancy, of a translation to the rich See +of Durham, which will be well bestowed on a person of his Lordship's +large and universal benevolence. + +* * * * * + +From the same. + +Dr. Freeman, speaking of the chapel in the palace at Bristol, told me +that he was mentioning the neatness and elegance of it to Bishop Young at +Therfield, who told him, that however he might admire the decency and +elegance of it, yet upon his waiting, upon some occasion or other, on my +Lord Hardwick, his Lordship spoke to him of it, and asked him whether he +had not a design of pulling down the cross of marble over the Altar, +which he thought was offensive; to which the Bishop replied, that it was +probable that he should not have set it up there, but that he should not +choose to have it said that Bishop Young had pulled down what Bishop +Butler had erected. + + + +STATEMENT CONCERNING THE CHURCH AT KINGSWOOD. + + +From a MS. in the British Museum. [Add. 9815.] + +When the late Lord Bishop of Durham first intended to have a place of +Divine Worship erected in Kings Wood, his Scheme was,--To solicit +Subscriptions for building a Chapel, and to give 400 pounds towards the +Endowment of it, in order to get the like Sum from the Governors of Q. +Ann's Bounty. And he was pleased to lay his Commands upon me to make +Application to persons the most likely to contribute to that good Work. + +The report I brought him in Consequence of such Application, was to this +Effect, that they highly approved of the pious and charitable design, but +disliked the particular Scheme of erecting a Chapel of Ease to the Church +of St. Philip and Jacob, as this would not answer the good purposes his +Lordship intended; and therefore proposed a Division of the Parish, and +the Erection of a new Parish and parish Church. + +His observations on this Proposal were the following,--That the intended +Chapel in Kings Wood would not have been a Chapel of Ease to Saint Philip +and Jacob, but distinct from it, as the Incumbent would have had nothing +farther to do with the Chapel, or the income of it, but barely to +nominate the Curate, who from thence forward would have been independent +of him: However he thought the Scheme of erecting a new Parish to be much +preferable in itself, but was attended with more difficulties; and +therefore gave up his own Scheme with pleasure, if the Parties concerned +would join their Endeavours to Execute the other. + +Upon this occasion He not only permitted, but _ordered_ me to say to all +Persons, and in all Companies, that he had allotted a Benefaction of 400 +pounds for that Use. And when some of the principal Parishioners had +fixed upon the Boundaries of their new intended Parish, and had presented +a kind of Petition or Memorial to him, To have those limits specified in +the intended Act of Parliament, they used the following expressions. +"Whereas it hath been made known unto Us,--That your Lordship hath +proposed to endeavour to obtain an Act of Parliament for Dividing the +said Parish of St. Philip and Jacob, and for erecting and endowing a +Church for the said Parishioners,--And that _you have been pleased to +offer a large Subscription thereto_, We therefore with grateful Hearts +humbly take this opportunity of tendering you our hearty thanks for this +your pious and charitable Intention, and being very desirous that the +same may be executed, beg leave to assure your Lordship, that we will use +our best Endeavours for promoting the same, &c." + +Which Petition or Memorial He ordered his Secretary to copy out on two +Pieces of Parchment. And then he, the Bishop, sent them to me to carry +them to the Parishioners to be signed; and directed me at the same time +to desire some of the parishioners to attend him at his Palace, which was +on a Sunday Evening; And in their and my Presence he wrote the following +words at the Bottom of one of the Petitions: + + "I see no objection against the Division of the Parish above + mentioned, and hope the Gentlemen, whose Consent is necessary, will + agree to it, since the Inhabitants are the best judges, what is for + their own Convenience: and it is a matter of very little Concern to + any but them.--Jo. BRISTOL." + +Likewise when the Fields, which lay contiguous to the intended Church, +were to be purchased, he went to see them, and then and there declared in +my hearing, and, as far as I can recollect, in the hearing of several +persons there present, viz. Messrs. King, Harrison, &c., That he would +purchase them for the use of the intended Church, as soon as ever Sir +Abraham Elton, the then Proprietor, could dispose of them. + +Also He ordered me, at different times, to bring him a List or Account of +all the monies advanced, or engaged for: And I always put down his name +with 400 pounds opposite to it, which he approved of. + +Moreover, in the preamble of the Act of Parliament, drawn up by Mr. +Pearson his Lordship's Secretary, under his Direction, there are these +words: + + "And the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Durham (late of Bristol) for + promoting so good a design is disposed and ready to give the sum of + 400 pounds towards the Endowment of the new intended Vicarage, &c." + +Which words in the first copy ran thus, "And the Right Rev. the Lord +Bishop of Bristol, &c.," He being then Bishop of the See of Bristol; And +I have heard his Lordship repeat those words in perusing the said Copy. + +Farther; upon the Coming of the present Lord Bishop of Bristol to this +See, He ordered me to draw up a short State of the Case relating to the +new intended Church, and the Several Expences necessary for completing +the Design, which Paper was afterwards shown to the Commissioners +appointed by Act of Parliament for building the said Church, And they +Requested, That it might be printed. But before it was sent to the +press, I transmitted a Copy to the late Lord Bishop of Durham, then in +London, to know if his Lordship approved of the Publication of it, and +whether He would please to make any alteration. His answer was, That he +saw no need of Alterations, and thought that the Printing and Dispersing +of it might be of service to the charity. + +I then directed Mr. Oliver the Printer to call upon his Lordship for the +Manuscript, which he did; and after printing the same, He carried fifty +Copies to his Lordship for his own use; One of which Copies was sent to a +pious and charitable lady, but whether by his Lordship, or his Secretary, +I cannot say; The Issue of which was, A Benefaction of 200 pounds sent to +his Lordship, To be disposed of either for the building or the Endowment +as his Lordship thought fit. Now in the printed paper above mentioned, +there are the following remarkable expressions-- + + "The late Lord Bishop of Bristol, now of Durham, and the Right + Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Bristol, _have contributed_ + large Sums for carrying the said good Purposes into Execution, &c." + +And upon all times and occasions, after he had Purchased the contiguous +Grounds above mentioned of Sir Abraham Elton for the sum of 375 pounds, +He used to say, That the purchase was for the use of the new Intended +Church, and did wish, That some little adjoining Tenement might be found, +to be purchased with the remaining Sum of 25 pounds in order to make up +the even money of 400 pounds. + +Also when I waited on his Lordship last in London, I was desired by Mr. +Willoughby, the treasurer for the said Church, to ask his Lordship, How +he would please to have the rents of the purchased Grounds disposed of, +as some rents were then become due, viz. whether to be applied towards +the endowment--or the Building. And his answer was, That the rents, +being the Interest of the money allotted for the Charity should be +applied to the charity, as well as the Principal: But whether towards the +Endowment or Building He was not yet determined: He believed, the +Endowment: but would fix his answer, when he came down to Bristol. + +And after his coming down, He several times said, that he would give +orders concerning that affair. + +He also sent to me one time to acquaint me, That he had a Benefaction put +into his hands of 200 pounds (the benefaction above mentioned), And was +pleased to desire my advice, Whether it should be applied towards the +Endowment,--or the Building. My answer was, That as the Building was so +far advanced, There was not much danger, but that Contributions might be +raised to finish it,--Either by voluntary Subscriptions,--or a General +collection round the city,--or by both methods together. But it would +not be found so easy a matter to raise Contributions for the Endowment. +And the Sums hitherto procured were very far from being a Competency for +a _Resident_ Minister. I then mentioned his Benefaction of 400 pounds, +and the 400 pounds from Q. Ann's Bounty, as being a sum which might be +depended on,--Also the benefaction of 200 pounds in his Lordship's Hands; +which possibly might obtain 200 pounds more from the Bounty;--So that the +whole Sum, to be reckoned upon, even with the supposed addition of 200 +pounds from the Bounty, would only amount to 1200 pounds, which at 3 per +cent., would make an Income of 36 pounds a year. + +His Lordship was pleased to approve of this Reasoning upon the Case, and +said, The 200 pounds should go towards the Endowment: And as his own was +a bad Life, the Benefaction should be enrolled in the name of Mr. +Pearson, in order to try to obtain 200 pounds more from Q. Ann's Bounty. + +All these particulars I am willing to testify upon Oath. + +THE END. + +GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON. + + + + +Footnotes + + +{11} I have been quite unable to decipher the original of this; by the +letters it seems to make "from offendimtum of Scrupleousness." + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME REMAINS (HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED) +OF JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D.*** + + +******* This file should be named 20801.txt or 20801.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/0/8/0/20801 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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