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diff --git a/20408.txt b/20408.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c817d5d --- /dev/null +++ b/20408.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3504 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 185, May 14, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 185, May 14, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20408] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{469} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 185.] +Saturday, May 14, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + English Books of Emblems, by the Rev. Thomas Corser 469 + Author of Tract on "Advantages of the East India + Trade, 1720, 8vo.," by James Crossley 471 + "Ake" and "Ache," by Thomas Keightley 472 + Localities mentioned in Anglo-Saxon Charters, by B. + Williams 473 + Inedited Letter 473 + A Shaksperian Book 474 + MINOR NOTES:--Shakspeare's Monument--Archbishop + Leighton and Pope: Curious Coincidence Of Thought + and Expression--Grant of Slaves--Sealing-wax 475 + + QUERIES:-- + Walmer Castle, by C. Waymor 475 + Scotchmen in Poland, by Peter Cunningham 475 + Bishop Juxon and Walton's Polyglott Bible 476 + MINOR QUERIES:--Was Andrew Marvell poisoned?--Anonymous + Pamphlet by Dr. Wallis--Mrs. Cobb's + Diary--Compass Flower--Nuns of the Hotel Dieu-- + Purlieu--Jennings Family--Latimer's Brothers-in- + Law--Autobiographical Sketch--Schonbornerus--Symbol + of Globe and Cross--Booth Family--Ennui--Bankruptcy + Records--Golden Bees--The Grindstone + Oak--Hogarth--Adamsons of Perth--Cursitor Barons + of the Exchequer--Syriac Scriptures 476 + + REPLIES:-- + Psalmanazar, by Rev. Dr. Maitland 479 + Consecrated Roses, &c., by William J. Thoms 480 + Campbell's Imitations 481 + "The Hanover Rat" 481 + Font Inscriptions 482 + Irish Rhymes: English Provincialisms: Lowland Scotch 483 + Pictures by Hogarth 484 + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Washing Collodion + Process--Colouring Collodion Pictures--Wanted, a + simple Test for a good Lens--Photographic Tent: + Restoration of Faded Negatives 484 + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Gibbon's Library--Robert + Drury--Grub Street Journal--Wives of Ecclesiastics--Blanco + White--Captain Ayloff--General + Monk and the University of Cambridge--The Ribston + Pippin--Cross and Pile--Ellis Walker--Blackguard-- + Talleyrand--Lord King and Sclater--"Beware the + Cat"--"Bis dat qui cito dat"--High Spirits a Presage + of Evil--Colonel Thomas Walcott--Wood of the + Cross: Mistletoe--Irish Office for Prisoners--Andries + de Graeff: Portraits at Brickwall House--"Qui facit + per alium, facit per se"--Christian Names--Lamech's + War-song--Traitor's Ford 485 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 489 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 490 + Notices to Correspondents 490 + Advertisements 490 + + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ENGLISH BOOKS OF EMBLEMS. + +It is a remarkable circumstance that whilst the emblems of Alciatus Vent +through almost innumerable editions, and were translated into most of the +continental languages, no version of these Emblems should ever have been +printed in this country, although we believe that MS. translations of them +are in existence. It is remarkable also that more than half century should +have elapsed after their appearance, before any English publication on this +subject should have been committed to the press. Our English authors of +Books of Emblems were not only late in their appearance, but are few in +number, and in their embellishments not very original, the plates being for +the most part mere copies of those already published abroad by Herman Hugo, +Rollenhagius, and others. The notices of the English writers on this +entertaining subject are also but meagre and imperfect, and restricted to a +very few works; both Dibdin, in his slight and rapid sketch on Books of +Emblems in the _Bibliogr. Decam._, vol. i. p. 254., and the writer in the +_Retrosp. Rev._, vol. ix. p. 123., having confined their remarks to some +one or two of the leading writers only, Arwaker, Peacham, Quarles, Whitney, +and Wither. With the exception of an occasional article in the _Bibl. Ang. +Poet._, _Cens. Liter. Restituta_, and similar bibliographical volumes, we +are not aware that any other notice has been taken of this particular +branch of our literature[1], nor does there exist, {470} that we know of, +any complete, separate, and distinct catalogue of such works. + +Being anxious, therefore, to obtain a correct account of what may be termed +the English Series of Books of Emblems, I inclose a list of all those in my +own possession, and of the titles of such others as I have been able to +collect; and I shall be glad if any of your readers can make any additions +to the series, confining them at the same time strictly to Books of +Emblems, and not admitting fables, heraldic works, or older publications +not coming within the same category. A good comprehensive work on this +subject of Books of Emblems, not confined merely to the English series, but +embracing the whole foreign range, giving an account both of the writers of +the verses, and also of the engravers, and the different styles of art in +each, is still a great desideratum in our literary history; and if ably and +artistically done, with suitable illustrations of the various engravings +and other ornaments, would form a very interesting, instructive, and +entertaining volume; and I sincerely hope that the time will not be far +distant when such a volume will be found in our libraries. + +I conclude with a Query of inquiry, whether anything is known of the +present resting-place of a _Treatise on Emblems_, which the late Mr. Beloe +informs us, at the close of his _Literary Anecdotes_, vol. vi. p. 406., he +had written at "considerable length," from communications furnished him by +the Marquis of Blandford, whose collection of Emblems was at that time one +of the richest and most extensive in the kingdom, and whose treatise, if +published, might perhaps prove a valuable addition to our information on +this portion of our literature. + +I would also inquire who was Thomas Combe, and what did he write, who is +thus mentioned by Meres in his _Palladis Tamia: Wits Treasury_, Lond. 1598, +8vo., as one of our English writers of Emblems: "As the Latines have those +emblematists, Andreas Alciatus, Reusnerus, and Sambucus, so we have these, +Geffrey Whitney, Andrew Willet, and _Thomas Combe_." Is anything known of +the latter, or of his writings? + +THOMAS CORSER. + +Stand Rectory. + +_List of English Writers of Books of Emblems._ + +A. (H.) Parthenia Sacra, of the Mysterious and Delicious Garden of the +Sacred Parthenis: Symbolically set forth and enriched with Pious Devises +and Emblems for the entertainment of devout Soules, &c. By H. A. Plates. +8vo. Printed by John Cousturier, 1633. + +Abricht (John A. M.). Divine Emblems. Embellished with Etchings of Copper +after the fashion of Master Francis Quarles. 12mo. Lond. 1838. + +Arwaker (Edmund). Pia Desideria, or Divine Addresses in Three Books. With +47 Copper Plates by Sturt. 8vo. Lond. 1686. + +Ashrea: or the Grove of Beatitudes. Represented in Emblemes: and by the Art +of Memory to be read on our Blessed Saviour Crucified, &c. 12mo. Lond. +1665. + +Astry (Sir James). The Royal Politician represented in One Hundred Emblems. +Written in Spanish by Don Diego Saavedra Faxardo, &c. Done into English +from the Original. By Sir James Astry. In Two Vols. With Portrait of +William Duke of Gloucester, and other Plates. 8vo. Lond. 1700. Printed for +Matthew Gylliflower. + +Ayres (Philip). Emblemata Amatoria. Emblems of Love in Four Languages. +Dedicated to the Ladys. By Ph. Ayres, Esq. With 44 Plates on Copper. 8vo. +Lond. 1683. + +Barclay (Alexander).[2] The Ship of Fooles, wherein is shewed the folly of +all States, &c. Translated out of Latin into Englishe. With numerous +Woodcuts. Imprinted by John Cawood. Folio, bl. letter, Lond. 1570. + +Blount (Thomas). The Art of making Devises: treating of Hieroglyphicks, +Symboles, Emblemes, AEnigmas, &c. Translated from the French of Henry +Estienne. 4to. Lond. 1646. + +Bunyan (John). Emblems by J. Bunyan. [I have not seen this work, but +suspect it is only a common chap-book. A copy was in one of Lilly's +Catalogues.] + +Burton (R.). Choice Emblems, Divine and Moral, Ancient and Modern; or +Delights for the Ingenious in above Fifty Select Emblems, Curiously +Ingraven upon Copper Plates. With engraved Frontispiece, &c. 12mo. Lond. +1721. Printed for Edmund Parker. + +Castanoza (John). The Spiritual Conflict, or The Arraignment of the Spirit +of Selfe-Love and Sensuality at the Barre of Truth and Reason. First +published in Spanish by the Reverend Father John Castanoza, afterwards put +into the Latin, Italian, German, French, and English Languages. With +numerous Engravings. 12mo. at Paris, 1652. + +Choice Emblems, Natural, Historical, Fabulous, Moral, and Divine. 12mo. +Lond. 1772. + +Colman (W.). La Dance Machabre, or Death's Duell, by W. C. With engraved +Frontispiece by Cecil, and Plate. 8vo. Lond. 163--. + +Compendious Emblematist; or Writing and Drawing made easy. With many +Plates. 4to. Lond. + +Emblems Divine, Moral, Natural, and Historical, Expressed in Sculpture, and +applied to the several Ages, Occasions, and Conditions of the Life of Man. +By a Person of Quality. With Woodcut Engravings and Metrical Illustrations. +8vo. Lond. 1673. Printed by J. C. for Will. Miller. + +Emblems for the Entertainment and Improvement of Youth, with Explanations, +on 62 Copper Plates. White Knights. 8vo. n. d., Part I. + +Emblems of Mortality. With Holbein's Cuts of the Dance of Death, modernized +and engraved by Bewick. Three Editions. 8vo. Lond. 1789. + +Farlie (Robert). Lychnocausia, sive Moralia Facum Emblemata. Lights Morall +Emblems. Kalendarium {471} Humanae Vitae. The Kalendar of Man's Life. With +Frontispiece and numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. Lond. 1638. + +Fransi (Abrahami). Insignium Armorum Emblematum Hieroglyphicorum et +Symbolorum Explicatio. No Plates. 4to. Lond. 1588. + +G. (H.). The Mirrour of Majestie: or the Badges of Honour conceitedly +emblazoned. With Emblems annexed. 4to. 1618. [This is the rarest of the +English series; only two copies known, one perfect _penes_ me, and another +imperfect.] + +Gent (Thomas). Divine Entertainments; of Penitential Desires, Sighs, and +Groans of the Wounded Soul. In Two Books, adorned with suitable Cuts. In +Verse. With numerous Woodcuts. 12mo. Lond. 1724. + +Hall (John). Emblems, with elegant Figures newly published. Sparkles of +Divine Love. Engraved Frontispiece and Plates. 12mo. Lond. 1648. + +Heywood (Thomas). Pleasant Dialogues and Dramas, selected out of Lucian, +&c. With sundry Emblems, extracted from the most elegant Iacobus Catsius, +&c. 8vo. Lond. 1637. No Plates. + +Jenner (Thomas). The Soules Solace; or Thirtie and one Spirituall Emblems. +With Plates on Copper, and Verses. 4to. Lond. 1631. + +---- The Ages of Sin, of Sinnes Birth and Growth. With the Steppes and +Degrees of Sin, from Thought to finall Impenitence. Nine leaves containing +nine emblematical engravings, each with six metrical lines beneath. 4to. No +printer's name, place, or date. + +---- A Work for none but Angels and Men, that is, to be able to look into, +and to know themselves, &c. It contains eight Engravings emblematic of the +Senses, and is in fact Sir John Davis's poem on the Immortality of the Soul +turned into prose. 4to. Lond. 1650. Printed by M. S. for Thomas Jenner. + +---- Wonderful and Strange Punishments inflicted on the Breakers of the Ten +Commandments. With curious Plates. 4to. Lond. 1650. + +Montenay (Georgette de). A Booke of Armes, or Remembrance: wherein are a +hundred Godly Emblemata; first invented and elaborated in the French +Tongue, but now in severall Languages. With Plates. 8vo. Franckfort. 1619. + +Murray (Rev. T. B.). An Alphabet of Emblems. With neatly executed Woodcuts. +12mo. Lond. 1844. + +Peacham (Henry). Minerva Britannia, or, A Garden of Heroickall Devises, +furnished and adorned with Emblemes and Impressas, &c. Numerous Woodcuts. +4to. Lond. n. d. (1612.) + +Protestant's (The) Vade Mecum, or Popery Displayed in its proper Colours, +in Thirty Emblems, lively representing all the Jesuitical Plots against +this Nation. With thirty engraved Emblems on copper. 8vo. Lond. 1680. +Printed for Daniel Brown. + +Quarles (Francis). Emblemes by Fra. Quarles. The First Edition. With Plates +by W. Marshall and others. Rare. 8vo. Lond. 1635. Printed by G. M. at John +Marriott's. + +---- Hieroglyphickes of the Life of Man, by Fra. Quarles. In a Series of +engraved Emblems on Copper by Will. Marshall. With Verses. 8vo. Lond. 1638. +Printed by M. Flesher. + +Richardson (George). Iconology; or a Collection of Emblematical Figures, +Moral and Instructive. In Two Volumes. With Plates. 4to. Lond. 1777-79. + +Riley (George). Emblems for Youth. Reprinted in 1775, and again in 1779. +12mo. Lond. 1772. + +Ripa (Caesar). Iconologia; or Morall Emblems. Wherein are express'd various +Images of Virtues, Vices, &c. Illustrated with 326 Human Figures engraved +on Copper. By the care and charge of P. Tempest. 4to. Lond. 1709. + +S. (P.) The Heroical Devises of M. Claudius Paradin, Canon of Beauvieu. +Whereunto are added the Lord Gabriel Symons and others. Translated out of +Latin into English by P. S. With Woodcuts. 16mo. Lond. 1591. Imprinted by +William Kearney. + +Stirry (Thomas). A Rot among the Bishops, or a terrible Tempest in the Sea +of Canterbury, a Poem with lively Emblems. A Satire against Archbishop +Laud. With Four Wood Engravings. Rare. 8vo. Lond. 1641. + +Thurston (J.). Religious Emblems; being a Series of Engravings on Wood, +from the Designs of J. Thurston, with Descriptions by the Rev. J. Thomas. +4to. Lond. 1810. + +Vicars (John). A Sight of y^e Transactions of these latter Yeares +Emblemized with engraven Plates, which men may read without Spectacles. +Collected by John Vicars. With Engravings of Copper. 4to. Lond. n. d., are +to be sould by Thomas Jenner at his shop. + +---- Prodigies and Apparitions, or England's Warning Pieces. Being a +seasonable Description by lively figures and apt illustrations of many +remarkable and prodigious forerunners and apparent Predictions of God's +Wrath against England, if not timely prevented by true Repentance. Written +by J. V. With curious Frontispiece and six other Plates. 8vo. Lond. n. d., +are to bee sould by Tho. Bates. + +Whitney (Geoffrey). A Choice of Emblems and other Devises. Englished and +Moralized by Geoffrey Whitney. With numerous Woodcuts. 4to. Leyden, 1586. +Imprinted at Leyden in the house of Christopher, by Grancis Raphalengius. + +Willet (Andrew). Sacrorum Emblematum Centuria Una quae tam ad exemplum apte +expressa sunt, &c. No Plates. 4to. Cantabr. n. d. (1598.) + +Wither (George). A Collection of Emblems, Ancient and Moderne: Quickened +with Metricall Illustrations both Morall and Divine. The Plates, 200 in +number, were engraved by Crispin Pass. Folio, Lond. 1635. Printed by A. M. +for Henry Taunton. + +Wynne (John Huddlestone). Choice Emblems for the Improvement of Youth. +Plates. 12mo. Lond. 1772. + +[Footnote 1: We must exempt from this sweeping assertion a very interesting +and well-written account of works on this subject, entitled "A Sketch of +that Branch of Literature called Books of Emblems, as it flourished during +the 16th and 17th centuries, by Joseph Brooks Yates, Esq., F.S.A.," of West +Dingle, near Liverpool, the friend of Roscoe, and the worthy and +intelligent President of the Literary and Philosophical Society of +Liverpool, read at their meetings, and of which two parts have already been +printed in their volumes of _Proceedings_. This "Sketch" only requires to +be enlarged and completed, with specimens added of the different styles of +the engravings, to render it everything that is to be desired on the +subject.] + +[Footnote 2: Perhaps this, and the works of Colman and Heywood, are +scarcely to be considered as _Books of Emblems_.] + + * * * * * + + +AUTHOR OF TRACT ON "ADVANTAGES OF THE EAST INDIA TRADE, 1720, 8vo." + +Of this pamphlet, originally published in 1701, 8vo., under the title of +_Considerations upon the East India Trade_, and afterwards in 1720, 8vo., +with a new title-page, _The Advantages of the East India Trade to England +considered_, containing {472} 128 pages, inclusive of Preface, the author +never yet been ascertained. + +Mr. M^cCulloch accords to it, and very deservedly, the highest praise. He +styles it (_Literature of Political Economy_, p. 100.) "a profound, able, +and most ingenious tract;" and observes that he has "set the powerful +influence of the division of labour in the most striking point of view, and +has illustrated it with a skill and felicity which even Smith has not +surpassed, but by which he most probably profited." Addison's admirable +paper in _The Spectator_ (No. 69.) on the advantages of commerce, is only +an expansion of some of the paragraphs in this pamphlet. In some parts I +think he has scarcely equalled the force of his original. Take, for +instance, the following sentences, which admit of fair comparison: + + "We taste the spices of Arabia, yet never feel the scorching sun which + brings them forth; we shine in silks which our hands have never + wrought; we drink of vineyards which we never planted; the treasures of + those mines are ours which we have never digged; we only plough the + deep, and reap the harvest of every country in the world."--_Advantages + of East India Trade_, p. 59. + + "Whilst we enjoy the remotest products of the north and south, we are + free from those extremities of weather which give them birth; our eyes + are refreshed with the green fields of Britain, at the same time that + our palates are feasted with fruits that rise between the + tropics."--_Spectator_, No. 69. + +Mr. M^cCulloch makes no conjecture as to the probable author of this very +able tract; but it appears to me that it may on good grounds be ascribed to +Henry Martyn, who afterwards--not certainly in accordance with the +enlightened principles he lays down in this pamphlet--took an active part +in opposing the treaty of commerce with France, and was rewarded by the +appointment of Inspector-General of the exports and imports of the customs. +(See an account of him in Ward's _Lives of Gresham Professors_, p. 332.) He +was a contributor to _The Spectator_, and Nos. 180. 200. and 232. have been +attributed to him; and the matter of Sir Andrew Freeport's speculations +appears to have been furnished by him as Addison and Steele's oracle on +trade and commerce. It will be seen that in No. 232. he makes exactly the +same use of Sir William Petty's example of the watch as is done in the +tract (p.69.), and the coincidence seems to point out one common author of +both compositions. But, without placing too much stress on this similarity, +I find, that Collins's _Catalogue_, which was compiled with great care, and +where it mentions the authors of anonymous works may always be relied upon, +attributes this tract to Martyn (Collins's _Cat_. 1730-1, 8vo., Part I., +No. 3130.). I have a copy of the edition of 1701, in the original binding +and lettering--lettered "Martyn on the East India Trade "--and copies of +the edition of 1720 in two separate collections of tracts; one of which +belonged to A. Chamier, and the other to George Chalmers; in both of which +the name of Martyn is written as its author on the title-page, and in the +latter in Chalmers's handwriting. I think therefore we may conclude that +this tract, which well deserves being more generally known than it is at +present, was written by Henry Martyn. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +"AKE" AND ACHE. + +John Kemble, it is well known, maintained that the latter was the mode of +pronouncing this word in Shakspeare's days. He was right, and he was wrong; +for, as I shall show, both modes prevailed, at least in poetry, till the +end of the seventeenth century. So it was with some other words, _show_ and +_shew_, for instance. It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to observe that the +sounds _k, ch, sh, kh_ (guttural) are commutable. Thus the letter _h_ is +named in Italian, _acca_; in French, _ache_, in English, _aitch_, perhaps +originally _atch_: our _church_ is the Scottish _kirk_, &c. Accordingly, we +meet in Shakspeare _reckless_ and _rechless_, _reeky_ and _reechy_; "As I +could _pike_ (pitch) my lance." (Coriol., Act I. Sc. 1.) Hall has (_Sat_. +vi. 1.) "Lucan _streaked_ (stretched) on his marble bed." So also there +were _like_ and _liche_, and the vulgar _cham_ for _I am_ (_Ic eom_, A.-S.) + +Having now to show that both _ake_ and _ache_ were in use, I commence with +the former: + + "Like a milch-doe, whose swelling dugs do _ake_, + Hasting to find her fawn hid in some brake." + Shakspeare's _Venus and Adonis_ + + "By turns now half asleep, now half awake, + My wounds began to smart, my hurt to _ake_." + Fairfax, _Godf. of Bull._, viii, 26. + + "Yet, ere she went, her vex'd heart, which did _ake_, + Somewhat to ease, thus to the king she spake." + Drayton, _Barons' Wars_, iii. 75. + + "And cramm'd them till their guts did _ake_ + With caudle, custard, and plumcake." + _Hudibras_, ii. 2. + +The following is rather dubious: + + "If chance once in the spring his head should _ach_, + It was foretold: thus says my almanack." + Hall, _Sat._ ii. 7., ed. Singer. + +The _aitch_, or rather, as I think, the _atch_ sound, occurs in the +following places: + + "_B._ Heigh ho! + _M._ For a hawk, a horse, or a husband? + _B._ For the letter that begins them all, _H_." + _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act III. Sc. 4. + + "Their fears of hostile strokes, their _aches_, losses." + _Timon of Athens_, Act V. Sc. 2. + + "Yea, fright all _aches_ from your bones." + Jonson, _Fox_, ii. 2. + + {473} + + "Wherefore with mine thou dow thy musick match, + Or hath the crampe thy ionts benom'd with _ache_." + Spenser, _Shep. Cal._, viii. 4. + + "Or Gellia wore a velvet mastic-patch + Upon her temples, when no tooth did _ach_." + Hall, _Sat._ vi. 1. + + "As no man of his own self catches + The itch, or amorous French _aches_." + _Hudibras_, ii, 2. + + "The natural effect of love, + As other flames and _aches_ prove." + _Ib._, iii. 1. + + "Can by their pangs and _aches_ find + All turns and changes of the wind." + _Ib._, iii. 2. + +These, in Butler, are, I believe, the latest instances of this form of the +word. + +THOMAS KEIGHTLEY. + + * * * * * + + +LOCALITIES MENTIONED IN ANGLO-SAXON CHARTERS. + +When Mr. Kemble published the index to his truly national code of +Anglo-Saxon Charters, he expressly stated that there were many places of +which he was in doubt, and which are indicated by Italics. + +It is only by minute local knowledge that many places can be verified, and +with the view of eliciting from others the result of their investigations, +I send you my humble contribution of corrections of places known to myself. + + Bemtun, 940. Bampton, Oxon. + Bleodon, 587, 1182. Bleadon, Somerset. + Boclond, 1050. Buckland, Berks. + Brixges stan, 813. Brixton, Surrey. + Ceomina lacu, 714. Chimney, Oxon. + Ceommenige, 940. Idem. + Cingestun, 1268, 1276, 1277. Kingston Bagpuxe, Berks. + Cingtuninga gemaere, 1221. Idem. + Colmenora, 1283. Cumnor, Berks. + Crocgelad, 1305. Cricklade, Wilts. + Dunnestreatun, 136. Dunster, Somerset. + Esstune, 940. Aston-in-Bampton, Oxon. + Fifhidan, 546, 1206. Fyfield, Berks. + Hearge, 220. Harrow-on-the-Hill. + Hengestesige, 556. Hinksey, Berks. + Leoie, 1255. Bessil's-leigh, Berks. + Monninghaema dic, 645. Monnington, Herefordshire. + Osulfe's Lea, 404, is in Suffolk, or near it. + Pipmynster, 774, &c., probably Pippingminster, Somerset. + Scypford, 714. Shifford, Oxon. + Scuccanhlau, 161, is in Berks. + Tubbanford, 1141, 1255. Tubney, Berks. + Whetindun, 363. Whatindon, Surrey. + Wenbeorg, 1053. Wenbury, Devon. + Waenric 775, and Wenrise, 556, is the River Windrush. + Wicham (Witham), 116, 214, 775. Witham, Berks. + Wyttanig, 556. Witney, Oxon. + Wurethe, Wyrethe, Weorthe, Weorthig, 208, 1171, 1212, 1221. Longworth, Berks. + Worth, Wurthige, 743, 1121. Worth, Hants. + +The following are omitted: + + Hanlee, 310. + Helig, 465. + Pendyfig, 427. + Stanford, 1301. Stanford, Kent. + Stanlege, 1255. Standlake, Oxon. + Ethestinctun, 805. + Welingaford, 1154. Wallingford, Berks. + Wanhaeminga, 1135. + +B. WILLIAMS. + + * * * * * + + +INEDITED LETTER. + + August 24th, 1690, + Qu. Coll. Oxon. + +Dear S^r, + +I heartily thank you for the favour of your letter, and to shew itt will +not fail to write as often as anything does occurr worth sending, if you +think the accountt I give not troublesome. Dr. Adams, Dr. Rudston, and +Delaune have promis'd to write this post: we remembred you both before and +after your letters came w^{th} S^r John Matthews, who staid here 3 nights +this weeke. Our militia is gone home cloath'd in Blew coates but many +coxcombs of this city have refused to pay their quota towards the buying of +them, railing against my L^d Abington, who has smooth'd the mob by giving a +brace of Bucks last Friday in Port Meed. J. M. has bin expected here this +fortnight: the Lady that calls herselfe by his nane has bin a good while at +Astrop, and has discover'd her displeasure there, that her husband as shee +calls him keeps the coach so long from her at Oxford: upon hearing of +w^{ch} S^r W. H. in a blunt way gave her the old name, w^{ch} caus'd some +dissatisfaction and left her smal acquaintance: I heare that the +understanding between our Friend and his uncle is not so good as formerly, +but I do not think it will end in Abdication. Mr. Painter is admitted +Rector of Exeter. The _Naked Gospel_[3] was burnt on y^e 19th in the +Scholes Quadrangle. The Regents first drew up a Petition to have it +censured; then some others more busy than wise tooke upon them to gett it +subscribed, and went to coffee houses and taverns as well as colleges for +that purpose: these proceedings being ag^{st} statute, and reflecting upon +the vice ch., gave great offence; at last he call'd a meeting of y^e {474} +heads of houses, who deputed 6 to examine it: they pick'd several Proposit. +w^{ch} were read. The sentence was in this form: Propositions &^c tanqu[=a] +falsas et impias in Chris. Relig. et in Ecc. praecipue Anglican[=a] +contumeliosas damnamus, plerasq; insuper haereticas esse decernimus et +declaramus, &^c. This was first subscribed by all y^e heads of Coll. and +then condemn'd unanimously in a full convocation. The Decree is printed, +but is too large to send. The Author of y^e Booke has sent about a soft +vindication of himselfe, that he is unwilling to be accounted a Socinian, +&c. If I can gett a sight of it I will send you the contents. I do not know +how far you are in the right about guessing at a Bursar: Tim. seems +resolv'd to act according to y^e song; but I to shew good nature even +w^{th}out a tree have promis'd to make him a Dial: and when that's done I +will doe y^e like at Astrop. I am + +Your very humble serv^t, +W. R. + +If you see Coll. Byerly, give my service to him. + +Directed thus: These to George Clark, Esq., Secretary of War in Ireland. + +By y^e way of London. + +Indorsed: W. Rooke, Rec^d at Tipperary, Sept. 7th. + +[Footnote 3: [For some account of this work, by Arthur Bury, and the +controversy respecting it, see Wood's _Athenae_, edit. Bliss, vol. i. p. +483. William Rooke, the Writer of the letter, was of Queen's College; made +B.A., May 16, 1674; M.A., Oct. 30, 1677; B.D., April 12, 1690.--ED.]] + + * * * * * + + +A SHAKSPERIAN BOOK. + +"There exists," says Mr. John Wilson, "as it were a talismanic influence in +regard to the most trivial circumstances connected with Shakspeare," and +yet this enthusiast has not, in his _Shaksperiana_, alluded to the dramatic +works of Mary Hornby, written under, and dated from, the _dear_ old roof at +Stratford-upon-Avon! + +It was my late good fortune, after filling my pockets from the twopenny +boxes of the suburban bookstalls, to find, on turning out the heterogeneous +contents, that I had accidentally become possessed of _The Broken Vow_, a +comedy by the aforesaid lady, who waits to be enrolled in that much wanted +book, a new edition of the _Biographia Dramatica_. This _Broken Bow_ which +looks like a re-cooking of the _Merry Miller_ of Thomas Sadler, 1766, bears +to be "printed at Stratford-upon-Avon, for the Author, by W. Barnacle, +1820." Mary Hornby, following the example of the _preoccupier of the +butcher's shop_, tries her hand at both tragedy and comedy; in the first +line she stands charged with the perpetration of _The Battle of Waterloo_, +which, I doubt not, rivalled its original enactment in its _sanguinary_ +character. I have not been lucky enough to fall in with this, which was a +_hit_; our fair authoress, in her preface to the comedy under notice, +modestly attributing its great success more to the kindness of her friends +than to its literary merit. + +Mrs. Hornby sustains the dignity of the drama by adhering to her five acts, +with prologue and epilogue according to prescription. Looking to the +prologue for the _who_, the _why_, and the _wherefore_, I am sorry to say I +find no materials for the concoction of a biographical note; upon the +second point, the _why_, she tells us: + + "When women teem, be it with bad or good, + They must bring forth--forsooth 'tis right they should, + But to produce a bantling of the brain, + Hard is the task, and oft the labour vain." + +That her literary _accouchement_ should not be a failure, she further says: + + "Lord, how I've bother'd all the gods and graces, + Who patronize _some_ mortals, in such cases." + +I take the expressive use of the word "some" here to indicate her +predecessor, the ancient occupier of the tenement, who certainly was a +_protege_ of the said parties. + +Mrs. Hornby then goes on to relate how that during her _gestation_ she +invoked Apollo, Thalia, and Erato: + + "Soon they arrived, with Hermes at their side, + By Jove commission'd, as their friend and guide. + But when the mirth-inspiring dames stepp'd o'er + The sacred threshold of _great Shakspeare's door_, + The heav'nly guests, _who came to laugh with me_, + Oppress'd with grief, wept with _Melpomene_; + Bow'd pensive o'er the Bard of Nature's tomb, + Dropt a sad tear, then left me to my doom!" + +I leave the reader to judge for himself whether the Muses really "came to +laugh" with Mary Hornby, or whether, under the belief of the immortality of +our Bard, they did not rather expect a pleasant _soiree_ with Gentle Will, +and naturally enough went off in a huff when they found themselves +inveigled into a tea-party at Mrs. Hornby's. + +Mr. Wilson, in the work above quoted, does condescend to notice Mrs. +Hornby,-- + + "Who rented the butcher's shop under the chamber in which the poet was + born, and kept the _Shaksperian Album_, an interesting record of the + visitors to that shrine. Some of the subscribers having given vent to + original stanzas suggested by the scene, those effusions," continues + the lofty bookseller, "_the female in question_ caused to be inscribed + and printed in a small pamphlet, which she sells to strangers." + +Not a word, you will see, about the poet's mantle having descended upon the +shoulders of our Mary,--which was unpolite of him, seeing that both the +tragedy and comedy had the precedence of his book by some years. Not having +before me the later history of Shakspeare's house, I am unable to say +whether our subject deserved more consideration and gallant treatment at +the hands of MR. COLLIER, when he and his colleagues came into possession. + +J. O. + +{475} + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Shakspeare's Monument._--When I was a young man, some thirty or forty +years ago, I visited the monument of Shakspeare, in the beautiful church of +Stratford-upon-Avon, and there copied, from the Album which is kept for the +names of visitors, the following lines: + + "Stranger! to whom this monument is shown, + Invoke the poet's curse upon Malone! + Whose meddling zeal his barbarous taste displays, + And smears his tombstone, as he marr'd his plays. + R. F. + Oct. 2, 1810." + +This has just now been brought to my mind by reading, in page 155. of the +second volume of Moore's Journal, the following account of a conversation +at Bowood: + + "Talked of Malone--a dull man--his whitewashing the statue of + Shakspeare, at Leamington or Stratford (?), and General Fitzpatrick's + (Lord L.'s uncle) epigram on the subject--very good-- + + 'And smears his statue as he mars his lays.'" + +I cannot but observe that the doubt expressed in the Diary of +Moore--whether Shakspeare's monument is "at Leamington or Stratford +(?)"--is curious, and I conceive my version of the last line, besides being +more correct, is also more pithy. It is incorrect, moreover, to call it a +_statue_, as it is a three-quarters bust in a niche in the wall. + +The extract from _Moore's Diary_, however, satisfactorily explains the +initials "R. F.," which have hitherto puzzled me. + +SENEX. + +_Archbishop Leighton and Pope: Curious Coincidence of Thought and +Expression._-- + + "Were the true visage of sin seen at a full light, undressed and + unpainted, it were impossible, while it so appeared, that any one soul + could be in love with it, but would rather flee from it as hideous and + abominable."--Leighton's _Works_, vol. i. p. 121. + + Vice is a monster of such hideous mien, + As to be hated, needs but to be seen."--_Pope._ + +JAMES CORNISH. + +_Grant of Slaves._--I send you a copy of a grant of a slave with his +children, by William, the Lion King of Scotland, to the monks of +Dunfermline, taken from the _Cart. de Dunfermline_, fol. 13., printed by +the Bannatyne Club from a MS. in the Advocates' Library here, which you +may, perhaps, think curious enough to insert in "N. & Q." + + "De Servis. + + "Willielmus Dei gracia Rex Scottorum. Omnibus probis hominibus tocius + terre me, clericis et laicis, salutem: Sciant presentis et futuri me + dedisse et concessisse et hac carta mea confirmasse, Deo et ecclesie + Sancte Trinitatis de Dunfermlene et Abbati et Monachis ibidem, Deo + servientibus in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam, Gillandream Macsuthen + et ejus liberos et illos eis quietos clamasse, de me, et heredibus + meis, in perpetuum. Testibus Waltero de Bid, Cancellario; Willielmo + filio Alani, Dapifero; Roberto Aveneli Gillexio Rennerio, Willielmo + Thoraldo, apud Strivelin." + +G. H. S. + +Edinburgh. + +_Sealing-wax._--The most careful persons will occasionally drop melting +sealing-wax on their fingers. The first impulse of every one is to pull it +off, which is followed by a blister. The proper course is to let the wax +cool on the finger; the pain is much less, and there is no blister. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +WALMER CASTLE. + +In Hasted's _History of Kent_, vol. iv. p. 172., folio edition, we have as +follows: + + "Walmer, probably so called _quasi vallum maris_, i. e. the wall or + fortification made against the sea, was expressed to have been a member + of the port of Sandwich time out of mind," &c. + +Again, p. 165., note _m_, we find: + + "Before these three castles were built, there were, between Deal and + Walmer Castle, two eminences of earth, called 'The Great and Little + Bulwark;' and another, between the north end of Deal and Sandwich + Castle (all of which are now remaining): and there was probably one + about the middle of the town, and others on the spots where the castles + were erected. They had embrasures for guns, and together formed a + defensive line of batteries along that part of the coast," &c. + +To the new building of these castles Leland alludes, in his _Cygnea +Cantio_: + + "Jactat Dela novas celebris arces + Notus Caesareis locus trophaeis."--Ver. 565. + +There are clear remains of a Roman entrenchment close to Walmer Castle. +(See _Hasted_, vol. iv. p. 162., notes.) + +Any of your correspondents who could give me any information tending to +show that an old fortification had existed on the site of Walmer Castle, +previous to the erection of the present edifice--or even _almost_ upon the +same site--would do me a very great kindness if he would communicate it, +through the columns of "N. & Q.," or by a private letter sent to the +Editor. + +C. WAYMOR. + + * * * * * + + +SCOTCHMEN IN POLAND. + +Can any of your readers throw any light on this passage in Dr. Johnson's +_Life of Sir John Denham_? + + "He [Sir John Denham] now resided in France, as one of the followers of + the exiled king; and, to divert {476} the melancholy of their + condition, was sometimes enjoined by his master to write occasional + verses; one of which amusements was probably his ode or song upon the + Embassy to Poland, by which he and Lord Crofts procured a contribution + of ten thousand pounds from the Scotch, that wandered over that + kingdom. Poland was at that time very much frequented by itinerant + traders, who, in a country of very little commerce and of great extent, + where every man resided on his own estate, contributed very much to the + accommodation of life, by bringing to every man's house those little + necessaries which it was very inconvenient to want, and very + troublesome to fetch. I have formerly read, without much reflection, of + the multitude of Scotchmen that travelled with their wares in Poland; + and that their numbers were not small, the success of this negociation + gives sufficient evidence." + +The title of Denham's poem is "On my Lord Crofts' and my journey into +Poland, from whence we brought 10,000l. for his Majesty by the decimation +of his Scottish subjects there." + +PETER CUNNINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + +BISHOP JUXON AND WALTON'S POLYGLOTT BIBLE. + +In the library at this island, which formerly belonged to the Knights of +Malta, there is an edition of Walton's Polyglott Bible, which was published +in London in 1657. This work is in a most perfect state of preservation. + +On the title-page of the first of the eleven volumes, there is written, in +a bold and perfectly legible manner, the following words: + + "Liber Coll. Di Joannis Bapt^a Oxon Ex dono Reverendiss. in Xt^o Patris + Gvil^i Jvxon Archiep. Cantvariensis. A^o D^{ni} 1663." + +Just below, but on the right of the above, there is written in a clear hand +as follows: + + "Ex Libris domus Abbatialis S. Antonij Viennensis, Catalogo Inscript + an. 1740. No. 11." + +That the question which I shall ask at the end of this Note may be the more +easily answered, it will perhaps be necessary for me to state, that in the +year 1777, Rohan, the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta, succeeded in +annexing the property belonging to the Order of St. Antonio de Vienna to +that of Malta. In accepting of these estates, which were situated in France +and Savoy, Rohan bound himself to pay the many mortgages and debts with +which they were encumbered; and so large an amount had to be thus defrayed, +that for a hundred years the convent would not be reimbursed for its +advances, and receive the 120,000 livres, at which sum their annual rental +would then be valued. Of the foundation of this Order a recent writer +(Thornton) thus remarks: + + "In 1095 some nobles of Dauphiny united for the relief of sufferers + from a kind of leprosy called St. Anthony's fire, which society, in + 1218, was erected into a religious body of Hospitallers, having a + grand master for chief. This order, after many changes in its + constitution, having been left the option between extinction and + secularisation, or union with another order, accepted the latter + alternative, and selected that of St. John of Jerusalem." + +Among the moveable effects which came to the Knights of Malta by this +arrangement, was a small and well-selected library, and in it this edition +of Walton's Bible. + +Without, therefore, writing more at length on this subject, which might +take up too much space in "N. & Q.," I would simply add, that my attention +was called to this work by the Rev. Mr. Howe, chaplain of H.B.M. ship +"Britannia," and for the purpose of asking, At what time, by whom, and in +what manner, were these volumes removed from St. John's College at Oxford, +and transferred to the library of the Order of St. Antonio de Vienna in +France? + +W. W. + +La Valetta, Malta. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Was Andrew Marvell poisoned?_--I have just been reading the three +ponderous quarto volumes comprising _The Works_ of Andrew Marvell, as +collected and edited by his townsman, Capt. Edward Thompson of Hull. In the +"Life," near the end of vol. iii., we are told that the patriot died on +Aug. 16, 1678, "and by poison for he was healthful and vigorous to the +moment he was seized with the premeditated ruin." And again, in a summary +of his merits, we are told that "all these patriot virtues were +insufficient to guard him against the jesuitical machinations of the +_state_; for what vice and bribery could not influence, was perpetrated by +poison." This heinous crime, so formally averred against the enemies of +Marvell, may have been committed by "some person or persons unknown;" but, +as not a tittle of evidence is adduced or indicated by the zealous +biographer in support of the charge--Query, had it any foundation in fact? +In the court, and out of the court, the anti-popish, anti-prelatical +Puritan had enemies numerous and bitter enough; but is there really any +other ground for the abominable imputation of foul play alluded to, beyond +his actually sudden death? Is the hypothesis of poison coeval with the date +of Marvell's demise? If so, was there any official inquiry--any "crowner's +quest?" Surely his admiring compatriots on the banks of the Humber did not +at once quietly sit down with the conviction, that _thus_ "fell one of the +first characters of this kingdom or of any other." + +H. + +_Anonymous Pamphlet by Dr. Wallis_ (Vol. vii., p. 403.).--Will MR. CROSSLEY +have the kindness to give the title of the anonymous pamphlet which, he +informs us, was published by Dr. John Wallis {477} in defence of the Oxford +decree of 1695, on the subject of the Trinity? + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Mrs. Cobb's Diary._--Can any of your readers give me any information as to +the following book, _Extracts from the Diary and Letters of Mrs. Mary +Cobb_: London, printed by C. and R. Baldwin, 1805, 8vo., pp. 324.; said to +be _privately printed_? + +JOHN MARTIN. + +Roxfield, Bedfordshire. + +_Compass Flower._-- + + "Look at this delicate flower that lifts its head from the meadow-- + See how its leaves all point to the north, as true as the magnet; + It is the compass flower, that the finger of God has suspended + Here on its fragile stalk, to direct the traveller's journey + Over the sea-like, pathless, limitless waste of the desert." + _Evangeline_, Part II. IV. line 140., &c. + +Where can I find a description of this flower, and what is its scientific +name? + +In Abercrombie's _Intellectual Powers_, p. 49. edit. 1846, I find the +following passage: + + "The American hunter finds his way in the trackless forests by + attention to minute appearances in the trees, which indicate to him the + points of the compass." + +Can any one tell me what these "minute appearances" are? + +A. H. BATTIER. + +East Sheen, Surrey. + +_Nuns of the Hotel Dieu._--What is the religions habit of the nuns at the +hospital of the Hotel Dieu in Paris at the present day? + +M. L. + +_Purlieu._--Some of your correspondents seem afraid that an attempt to +repair the deficiencies of our English dictionaries, by research into +disputed etymologies in "N. & Q.," would tend to produce too much and too +tedious discussion, and fill its space too much. Could _this_, at least, +not be done without much objection? Could we not co-operate in finding the +earliest known mention of words, and thus perhaps trace the occasion and +manner of their introduction? + +At any rate, this word _purlieu_ is certainly in want of some examination. +Johnson has adopted the wretched etymology of _pur_, Fr. for pure, and +_lieu_, Fr. for place; and he defines it as a place on the outskirts of a +forest free of wood. + +The earliest record in which this word occurs, so far as I have seen, is in +an act of Edward III., quoted by Manwood, and it is there spelt _puraley_; +and it relates to the disafforested parts which several preceding kings +permitted to be detached from their royal forests. + +Might I ask if any of your correspondents find an earlier use of the word; +and can it be gifted with a probable paternity? + +The tracing of the earliest known mention of disputed words is a task +capable of being finished, and might perhaps be attended, in many cases, +with happy results. It would rid us probably of many puerilities which +degrade our current dictionaries. + +M. C. E. + +_Jennings Family._--Some time since I requested as a great favour that your +correspondent PERCURIOSUS would kindly inform me where I could get a sight +of the Spoure MSS. I repeat that I should feel greatly obliged if he would +do so: and as this is of no public interest, I send postage envelope, in +the event of PERCURIOSUS obliging me with the desired information. + +J. JENNINGS-G. + +_Latimer's Brothers-in-Law._--In Bishop Latimer's first sermon, preached +before King Edward VI., we find the quaint martyr-bishop magnifying the +paternal prudence for having suitably "married his sisters with five +pounds, or twenty nobles, apiece;" but neither the editors of the sermon, +nor the writers of several biographical notices of Latimer consulted by me, +and in which the extract appears, give any account of the fortunate +gentlemen whom the generous parent thus doubly blessed with his twofold +treasure. + +Can you, or any of your readers, oblige by furnishing the _names_ of Bishop +Latimer's brothers-in-law, or by giving some references or brief account of +them? + +* * + +_Autobiographical Sketch._--A fragment came into my possession some time +ago, among a quantity of waste paper in which books were wrapped, which, +from the singularity of its contents, I felt desirous to trace to the book +of which it forms a part, but my research has hitherto proved unsuccessful. +It consists of two leaves of a large octavo sheet, probably published some +twenty years back, and is headed "Autobiographical Sketch of the Editor." +It commences with the words: "The Commissioners of the Poor Laws will +understand me, when I say, that I was born at Putney, in Surrey." The pages +are of course not consecutive: so after an allusion to the wanderings of +the writer, I have nothing more up to p. 7., at which is an account of a +supposed plot against the lord mayor and sheriffs, concocted by him with +the assistance of some school-boy coadjutors; the object of which appears +to have been, to overturn the state-coach of the civic functionary, as it +ascended Holborn Hill, by charging it with a hackney coach, in which sat +the writer and certain widows armed with bolsters in pink satin bags. The +word having been given to "Charge!" this new kind of war-chariot was driven +down the hill at full speed, gunpowder ignited on its roof, and blazing +squibs protruded {478} through its back, sides, and front. The ingenious +author declares that the onslaught was crowned with complete success; but +here, most unfortunately, the sheet ends: and unless you, Mr. Editor, or +some of your correspondents, will kindly help me to the rest of the +narrative, I must, I fear return unexperienced to my grave. I have omitted +to mention, that the date of this event is given as the 4th of July, 1799. + +CHEVERELLS. + +_Schonbornerus._--Can any of your readers give me information about a book +I became possessed of by chance a short time ago, or tell me anything +respecting its author, for whom I have vainly sought biographical +dictionaries? The volume is a duodecimo, and bears the following +title-page: + + "Georgii Schonborneri Politicorum, Libri Septem. Editio ad ipsius + Authoris emendatum Exemplar nunc primum vulgata. Amsterodami: apud L. + Elzevirium, anno 1642." + +It is written in Latin, and contains as many quotations as the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_, or Mr. Digby's _Broad Stone of Honour_. + +H. A. B. + +_Symbol of Globe and Cross._--Can any one oblige me with an explanation of +the mysterious symbols on a seal not older than the last century? It +contains a globe, bearing a cross upon it, and a winged heart above, with +the legend "_Pour vous_." + +C. T. + +_Booth Family._--Can any of your Lancashire correspondents afford +information bearing on the families of Booth of Salford, and Lightbown of +Manchester? Is any pedigree extant of either of these families, and what +arms did they bear? Humphrey Booth founded, I believe, a church in Salford +about the year 1634, the patronage of which still remains, as it might +seem, in the family, the _Clergy List_ describing it as in the gift of Sir +R. G. Booth. + +There is a Booth Hall in Blackley, a small village lying by the road side, +between Manchester and Middleton; and from the _inquisitio post mortem_ of +Humphrey Booth, 12 Car. I., it appears that he died seised of lands in +Blackley as well as Salford. + +Is there any evidence to connect him with this hall, as the place of his +residence? + +A JESUIT. + +Jesus College, Cambridge. + +_Ennui._--What is our nearest approach to a correct rendering of this +expression? Some English writer (Lady Morgan, I believe) has defined it +"mental lukewarmness:" but, if it be true, as La-Motte Houdart says, that-- + + "L'ennui naquit un jour de l'uniformite." + +the above definition would seem to indicate rather the cause of _ennui_ +than _ennui_ itself. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_Bankruptcy Records._--Where can I search for evidence of a bankruptcy, +probably about 1654? The Chief Registrar's indices do not go back nearly so +far. + +J. K. + +_Golden Bees._--Napoleon I. and II. are said to have had their imperial +robes embroidered with golden bees, as claiming official descent from +Carolus Magnus. Query, what is the authority for this heraldic distinction, +said to have been assumed by Charlemagne? + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +_The Grindstone Oak._--Can any of your topographical correspondents state +what is the earliest mention made of an oak tree well known in this part of +the country, and the destruction of which by fire, on the 5th of November, +1849, was the subject of regret to all who had seen or heard of it? It was +called the _Grindstone Oak_, and had been a denizen of the forest of Alice +Holt, as many suppose, since the days of the Confessor. It measured +thirty-four feet in circumference, at the height of seven feet from the +ground; and is mentioned by Gilbert White, in his _History of Selborne_, as +"the great oak in the Holt, which is deemed by Mr. Marsham to be the +biggest in this island." + +L. L. L. + +Near Selborne, Hants. + +_Hogarth._--About the year 1746, Mr. Hogarth painted a portrait of himself +and wife: he afterwards cut the canvass through, and presented the half +containing his own portrait to a gentleman in Yorkshire. + +If any of your numerous readers are in possession of any portrait of Mr. +Hogarth, about three feet in length, and one foot eight inches wide, or are +aware of the existence of such a portrait, they will confer a favour by +addressing a line to + +J. PHILLIPS, +5. Torrington Place, London. + +_Adamsons of Perth._--Can any of your Scottish correspondents inform me +what relationship existed between Patrick Adamson, titular Archbishop of +St. Andrew's, and the two learned brothers, Henry Adamson, author of the +_Muses' Threnodie_, and John Adamson, principal of the college at +Edinburgh, and editor of the _Muses' Welcome_; and whether any existing +family claims to be descended from them? They were all born at Perth. Henry +and John were the sons of James Adamson, a merchant and magistrate of the +fair city. Probably the archbishop was a brother of this James Adamson, and +son of Patrick Adamson, who was Dean of the Guild when John Knox preached +his famous sermon at St. John's. Mariota, a daughter of the archbishop, is +said by Burke to have married Sir Michael {479} Balfour, Bart., of Nortland +Castle Orkney. Another daughter would appear to have become the wife of +Thomas Wilson, or Volusenus, as he calls himself, the editor of his +father-in-law's poems and other publications. + +E. H. A. + +_Cursitor Barons of the Exchequer._--Will you allow me to repeat a question +which you inserted in Vol. v., p. 346., as to a list of these officers, and +any account of their origin and history? Surely some of your +correspondents, devoted to legal antiquities, can give note a clue to the +labyrinth which Madox has not ventured to enter. The office still +exists--with peculiar duties which are still performed--and we know that it +is an ancient one; all sufficient grounds for inquiry, which I trust will +meet with some response. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Syriac Scriptures._--I am very anxious to know what editions of the +Scriptures in Syriac (the _Peshito_) were published between Leusden and +Schaaf's New Testament, and the entire Bible in 1816 by the Bible Society. + +B. H. C. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +PSALMANAZAR. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 435.) + +Having long felt a great respect for this person, and a great interest in +all that concerns his history, I am induced to mention the grounds on which +I have been led to doubt whether the letter in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, +to which MR. CROSSLEY refers, is worthy of credit. When I first saw it, I +considered it as so valuable an addition to the information which I had +collected on the subject, that I was anxious to know who was the writer. It +had no signature; but the date, "Sherdington, June, 1704," which was +retained, gave me a clue which, by means not worth detailing, led me to the +knowledge that what thus appeared in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for +February, 1765, had issued from "Curll's chaste press" more than thirty +years before, in the form of a letter from the person now known in literary +history as "Curll's Corinna," but by her cotemporaries (see the index of +Mr. Cunningham's excellent _Handbook of London_) as Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, +sometime of Dyot Street, St. Giles's, and afterwards of a locality not +precisely ascertained, but within the rules of the Fleet, and possibly +(though Mr. Cunningham does not corroborate this) at some period of her +life resident in the more genteel quarters which Curll assigns to her. To +speak more strictly, and make the matter intelligible to any one who may +look at it in the Magazine, I should add that the first paragraph +(seventeen lines, on p. 78., dated from "Sherdington," and beginning "I +dined," says the letter writer, "last Saturday with Sir John Guise, at +Gloucester") is part of a letter purporting to be written by her lover; +while all the remainder (on pp. 79-81.) is from Corinna's answer to it. + +The worthless and forgotten work of which these letters form a part, +consists of two volumes. The copy which I borrowed when I discovered what I +have stated, consisted of a first volume of the second edition (1736), and +a second volume of the first edition (1732). The title of the second volume +(which I give as belonging to the earlier edition) is: + + "The Honourable Lovers: or, the second and last Volume of Pylades and + Corinna. Being the remainder of Love Letters, and other Pieces (in + Verse and Prose), which passed between Richard Gwinnett, Esq.; of Great + Shurdington, in Gloucestershire, and Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, Jun., of + Great Russel Street, Bloomsbury. To which is added, a Collection of + familiar Letters between Corinna, Mr. Norris, Capt. Hemington, Lady + Chudleigh, Lady Pakington, &c. &c. All faithfully published from their + original Manuscripts. London: printed in the Year M.DCC.XXXII. (Price + 5s.)" + +The title-page of the first volume (second edition) differs principally in +having the statement that the book was "printed for E. Curll" (whose name +does not appear in the earlier second volume, though perhaps it may have +done so in the first of that earlier edition), and an announcement that the +fidelity of the publication is "attested, by Sir Edward Northey, Knight." + +The work is a farrago of low rubbish utterly beneath criticism; and I +should perhaps hardly think it worth while to say as much as I have said of +it, had it not been that, in turning it about, I could not help feeling a +suspicion that Daniel Defoe's hand was in the matter, at least so far as +that papers that had belonged to him might have come into Curll's hands, +and furnished materials for the work. It would be tedious to enter into +details; but the question seemed to me to be one of some interest, because, +in my own mind, it was immediately followed by another, namely, whether +Daniel had not more to do than has been suspected with the _History of +Formosa_? Those who are more familiar with Defoe than I am, will be better +able to judge whether he was, as Psalmanazar says, "the person who +Englished it from my Latin;" for the youth was as much disqualified for +writing the book in English, by being a Frenchman, as he would have been if +he had been a Formosan. He acknowledges that this person assisted him to +correct improbabilities; but I do not know that he anywhere throws further +light on the question respecting the help which he must have had. Daniel +would be just the man to correct some gross improbabilities, and at the +same time help him to some more probable fictions. Under this impression I +recently inquired (see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 305.) respecting the +authorship of {480} _Pylades and Corinna_, and the possibility that it +might be the work of Defoe; but I believe that my question has not been +answered. + +I have already trespassed unreasonably on your columns; but still I must +beg, in justice to a man whose character, as I have said, I very highly +respect, to add one remark. When his imposture is referred to, it is not +always remembered that when he came to this country he was not his own +master. It seems that he rambled away from his home in the South of France, +when about fifteen years old; that he spent about two years in wandering +about France and Germany, and astonishing people by pretending to be, at +first a converted, and afterwards an unconverted, Formosan; that when +performing this second, pagan, character, he arrived at Sluys, where a +Scotch regiment in the Dutch service, under Brigadier Lauder, was +stationed; that the chaplain, named Innes, detected the fraud, but instead +of reproving the lad for his sin and folly, only considered how he might +turn the cheat to his own advantage, and render it conducive to his own +preferment. The abandoned miscreant actually went through the blasphemous +mockery of baptizing the youth as a convert from heathenism; named him +after the brigadier, who stood godfather: claimed credit from the Bishop of +London for his zeal; and was by the kind prelate invited to bring his +convert to London. The chaplain lost no time in accepting, was graciously +received by the bishop and the archbishop, snapped up the first piece of +preferment that would answer his views (it happened to be the office of +chaplain-general to the forces in Portugal), and made off, leaving his +convert to bear the storm which was sure to burst on him, as best he might. +That a youth thus tutored and thus abandoned, before Johnson was born, +should have lived to attract his society, and win from him the testimony +that he was "the best man" whom he had ever known, gives him a claim to our +respect, which seems to me to be strengthened by everything which I have +been able to learn respecting him. + +S. R. MAITLAND. + +Gloucester. + + * * * * * + + +CONSECRATED ROSES, ETC. + +(Vol. vii., p. 407.) + +Had G.'s Query referred solely to the consecration of _The Golden Rose_, I +might have given him a satisfactory answer by referring him to Cartari's +essay on the subject entitled _La Rosa d'Ora Pontificia, &c._, 4to. 1681, +and to the account (with accompanying engraving) of the _Rose, Sword, and +Cap_ consecrated by Julius III., and sent by him to Philip and Mary; and to +Cardinal Pole's exposition of these Papal gifts, which are to be found in +the 1st volume of F. Angeli Rocca, _Opera Omnia_ (fol. Rome, 1719). In the +authors to whom I have referred, much curious information will, however, be +found. I take this opportunity of saying, that as I am about to submit a +communication on the subject of _The Golden Rose_ to the Society of +Antiquaries, I shall feel obliged by any hints which may help me to render +it more complete; and of putting on record in "N. & Q." the following +particulars of the ceremonial, as it was performed on the 6th of March +last, which I extract from the _Dublin Weekly Telegraph_ of the 9th of +April. + + "On Sunday, the 6th [March, 1853], the Benediction of the Golden Rose, + was, according to annual usage, performed by the Pontiff previously to + High Mass, in the Sistine Chapel, celebrated by a cardinal, at which he + assists every Sunday during Lent. To the more ancient practice of + blessing, on the fourth Sunday of 'Quaresima,' a pair of gold and + silver keys, touched with filings from the chains of St. Peter (which + are still preserved in Rome), the Holy See has substituted that of the + Benediction of the 'Rosa d'Oro,' to be presented, within the year, to + some sovereign or other potentate, who has proved well deserving of the + Church. The first positive record respecting the Golden Rose has been + ascribed to the Pontificate of Leo IX. (1049-53); but a writer in the + _Civitta Catolica_ states that allusion to a census levied for its cost + may be found in the annals of a still earlier period. The Pontiffs used + formerly to present it annually to the Prefect of Rome, after singing + Mass, on this Sunday, at the Lateran, and pronouncing a homily, during + which they lifted the consecrated object in one hand whilst expounding + to the people its mystic significance. Pius II. (1458) is the last Pope + recorded to have thus preached in reference to and thus conferred the + Golden Rose; and the first foreign potentate recorded to have received + it from the Holy See is Fulk, Count of Anjou, to whom it was presented + by Urban II. in 1096. A homily of Innocent III. also contains all + explanation of this beautiful symbol--the precious metal, the balsam + and musk used in consecrating it, being taken in mystic sense as + allusion to the triple substance in the person of the Incarnate + Lord--divinity, soul, and body. It is not merely a single flower, but + an entire rose-tree that is represented--the whole about a foot in + height, most delicately wrought in fine lamina of gold. This being + previously deposited between lighted candelabra, on a table in the + sacristy, is taken by the youngest cleric of the camera, to be + consigned to his Holiness, after the latter has been vested for the + solemnity, but before his assuming the mitre. After a beautiful form of + prayer, with incense and holy water, the Pontiff then, holding the + object in his hand, imparts the Benediction, introducing into the + flower which crowns the graceful stem, and is perforated so as to + provide a receptacle, balsam of Peru and powder of musk. He then passes + with the usual procession into the Sistine, still carrying the rose in + his left hand; and during the Mass it remains beneath the crucifix over + the altar. If in the course of the year no donation of the precious + object is thought advisable, the same is consecrated afresh on the + anniversary following. Some have conjectured that the Empress of France + will be selected {481} by Pius IX. to receive this honour in the + present instance; but this is mere conjecture. On a former occasion, it + is true, the Golden Rose was conferred by him on another crowned head + of the fairer sex--one entitled to more than common regards from the + Supreme Pastor in adversity--the Queen of Naples." + +WILLIAM J. THOMS. + + * * * * * + + +CAMPBELL'S IMITATIONS. + +(Vol. vi., p. 505.) + +It is curious that two of the passages pointed out by MR. BREEN, as +containing borrowed ideas, are those quoted by Alison in his recent volume +(_Hist. Eur._, vol. i. pp. 429, 430.) to support his panegyric on Campbell, +of whose "felicitous images" he speaks with some enthusiasm. + +The propensity of Campbell to adapt or imitate the thoughts and expressions +of others has often struck me. Let me then suggest the following (taken at +random) as further, and I believe hitherto unnoticed, illustrations of that +propensity: + + 1. "When front to front the banner'd hosts combine, + Halt ere they close, and form the dreadful line." + _Pleasures of Hope._ + + "When front to front the marching armies shine, + Halt ere they meet, and form the lengthening line." + Pope, _Battle of Frogs and Mice_. + + 2. "As sweep the shot stars down the troubled sky." + _Pleasures of Hope._ + + "And rolls low thunder thro' _the troubled sky_." + Pope, _Frogs and Mice_. + + 3. "With meteor-standard to the winds unfurl'd." + _Pleasures of Hope._ + + "The imperial _standard_ which full high advanc'd, + Shone _like a meteor_ streaming _to the wind_." + Milton, _Par. Lost_, i. 535. + + 4. "The dying man to Sweden turn'd his eye, + Thought of his home, and clos'd it with a sigh." + _Pleasures of Hope._ + + "Sternitur infelix alieno vulnere, coelumque + Aspicit, _et dulces moriens reminiscitur Argos_." + Virgil, _AEn._, x. 782. + + 5. "... Red meteors flash'd along the sky, + And conscious Nature shudder'd at the cry." + _Pleasures of Hope._ + + "... _Fulsere ignes, et conscius_ aether." + Virgil, _AEn._, iv. 167. + + 6. "In hollow winds he hears a spirit moan." + _Pleasures of Hope._ + +Shakespeare has the _hollow whistling_ of the southern _wind_. + + 7. "The strings of Nature crack'd with agony." + _Pleasures of Hope._ + + "His _grief_ grew puissant. and _the strings of life_ + Began _to crack_."--Shakspeare, _King Lear_. + + 8. "The fierce extremes of good and ill to brook." + _Gertrude of Wyoming._ + + "... And feel by turns the bitter change + Of _fierce extremes, extremes_ by change more _fierce_." + Milton, _Par. Lost_, ii. 599. + + 9. "His tassell'd horn beside him laid." + _O'Connor's Child._ + + "... Ere th' odorous breath of morn + Awakes the slumbering leaves, or _tassell'd horn_ + Shakes the high thicket."--Milton, _Arcades_. + + 10. "The scented wild-weeds and enamell'd moss." + _Theodric._ + +Campbell thinks it necessary to explain this latter epithet in a note: "The +moss of Switzerland, as well as that of the Tyrol, is remarkable for a +bright smoothness approaching to the appearance of enamel." And yet was no +one, or both, of the following passages floating in his brain when his pen +traced the line? + + "O'er the _smooth enamell'd green_ + Where no print of sleep hath been." + Milton, _Arcades_. + + "Here blushing Flora paints _th' enamell'd ground_." + Pope, _Winsdor Forest_. + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + + * * * * * + + +"THE HANOVER RAT." + +(Vol. vii. p. 206.) + +_An Essay on Irish Bulls_ is said to have found its way into a catalogue of +works upon natural history; with which precedent in my favour, and pending +the inquiries of _naturalists_, _ratcatchers_, and _farmers_ into the +history of the above-named formidable invader, I hope MR. HIBBERD will have +no objection to my intruding a bibliographical curiosity under the +convenient head he has opened for it in "N. & Q." + +My book, then, bears the appropriate title, _An Attempt towards a Natural +History of the Hanover Rat, dedicated to P***m M******r, M.D., and S----y +to the Royal Society_, 8vo., pp. 24.: London, 1744. + +The writer of this curious piece takes his _cue_ from that remarkable +production, _An Attempt towards a Natural History of the Polype_, 1743; in +which the learned Mr. Henry Baker, in a letter to Martin Folkes, of 218 +pages, 8vo., illustrated by a profusion of woodcuts, elaborately describes +this link between the animal and vegetable creation, and the experiments he +practised upon the same: commencing with "cutting off a polype's head," and +so on through a series of scientific barbarities upon his _little +creature_, which ended only in "turning a polype inside out!" + +Following the plan of Mr. Baker, the anonymous author of _The Hanover Rat_ +tells us, that, after thirty years' laborious research, he had {482} +satisfied himself that this animal was not a native of these islands: "I +cannot," he says, "particularly mark the date of its first appearance, yet +I think it is within the memory of man;" and finding favour in its original +_mine affamee_ state with a few of the most starved and hungry of the +English rats from the common sewer, he proceeds to show that it _did_ +extirpate the natives; but whether this is the best account, or whether the +facts of the case as here set forth will satisfy your correspondent, is +another thing. According to _my_ authority, the aboriginal rat was, at the +period of writing, sorely put to it to maintain his ground against the +invading colonists and their unnatural allies the _providers_; and the +present work seems to have been an effort on the part of one in the +interest of the former to awaken them to a sense of their danger. In his +laudable attempts to rally their courage, this advocate reminds them of a +similar crisis when their country was infested with a species of frog +called _Dutch frogs_: "which no sooner," says he, "began to be mischievous, +than its growth and progress was stopped by the natives." "Had we," he +continues, "but the same public spirit with our ancestors, we need not +complain to-day of being eaten up by _rats_. Our country is the same, but +alas! we feel no more the same affection for it." In this way he stimulates +the invaded to a combined attack upon the common enemy, and we need not +tell _our_ readers how successfully, nor how desperate the struggle, the +very next year; which ended in the complete ascendancy of the _Hanover +rat_, or reigning family, over the unlucky Jacobite native. Under his +figure of a rat, this Jacobite is very scurrilous indeed upon the +Hanoverian succession; and, continuing his _polypian_ imitations, relates a +few coarse experiments upon _his subject_ illustrative of its destructive +properties, voracity, and sagacity, which set at nought "all the +contrivances of the farmer to defend his barns; the trailer his warehouse; +the gentleman his land; or the inferior people their cup-boards and small +beer cellars. No bars or bolts can keep them out, nor can any gin or trap +lay hold of them." + +Luckily for us living in these latter days, we can extract amusement from +topics of this nature, which would have subjected our forefathers to severe +pains and penalties; and looking at the character and mischievous tendency +of _The Hanover Rat_, I am curious to know if Mary Cooper, the publisher, +was put under surveillance for her share in its production; for to me it +appears a more aggravated libel upon the reigning family than that of the +_Norfolk Prophecy_--for the publication of which, Boswell says, the great +Samuel Johnson had to play at hide and seek with the officers of justice. + +The advent of both Pretenders was preceded by _straws_ like these cast out +by their adherents, to try _how the current set_. The present _jeu +d'esprit_, however, is a double-shotted one: for, not content with +tampering with the public allegiance, this aboriginal rat seems more +innocently enjoying a laugh at the Royal Society, and its ingenious +_fellow_ Mr. Baker, in as far as regards the aforesaid elaborate treatise +upon _polypes_. + +J. O. + + * * * * * + + +FONT INSCRIPTIONS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 408.) + +MR. ELLACOMBE desires examples of these. I can supply the following:-- + +At Bradley, Lincolnshire, is a very large font, of the Decorated period, +with this inscription round the bowl in black letter: + + "Pater Noster, Ave Maria, and Criede, leren ye chyld yt es nede." + +This is an early instance of the use of _English_ for inscriptions. The +sketch was engraved in the work on _Baptismal Fonts_. + +At Threckingham, Lincolnshire, I believe I succeeded in deciphering an +inscription round the font, which was said to have been previously studied +in vain. It is somewhat defaced; but in all probability the words are,-- + + "Ave Maria gracia p... d... t..." + +_i. e._ of course, "plena, dominus tecum." The bowl of the font is Early +English; but the base, round which the inscription runs, appears to be of +the fifteenth century. + +At Burgate, Suffolk, an inscription in black letter is incised on the upper +step of the font: + + "[Orate pro an--b'] Will'mi Burgate militis et d[=n]e Elionore uxoris + eius qui istum fontem fieri fecerunt." + +Sir William Burgate died in 1409. It is engraved in the _Proceedings of the +Bury and West Suffolk Archaeological Institute_. + +At Caistor, by Norwich: + + "Orate pro animab ... liis ... ici de Castre." + +At Walsoken, Norfolk: + + "Remember the soul of S. Honyter and Margaret his wife, and John + Beforth, Chaplain." + +with the date 1544. + +At Gaywood, Norfolk, is a font of Gothic design, lust probably of +post-Reformation date. On four of the eight sides of the bowl are these +inscriptions: + + "QVI . CREDIDE "VOCE . PATER + RIT . ET . BAPTI NATUS . CORPORE + ZATVS . FVERIT FLAMEN . AVE. + SALVVS . ERIT." MAT. 3." + + "CHRISTVM . IN "I . AM . THY . GOD + DVISTIS . QVOT AND . THE . GOD + QVOT . BAPTI OF . THY . SEEDE. + ZATI . ESTIS." GEN." + +{483} + +At Tilney, All Saints, Norfolk, is an inscribed font so similar to the one +last mentioned that they are probably the works of the same designer. + +On the _cover_ of the font at Southacre, Norfolk, is this inscription: + + "Orate p. aia. M[=r]i. Ri[=c]i. Gotts et d[=n]i Galfridi baker, + Rectoris huj' [eccl[=i]e qui hoc] opus fieri fece^t." + +I may take the opportunity of adding two _pulpit_ inscriptions; one at +Utterby, Lincolnshire, on the sounding-board: + + "Quoties conscendo animo contimesco." + +The other at Swarby, in the same county: + + "O God my Saviour be my sped, + To preach thy word, men's soulls to fed." + +C. R. M. + + * * * * * + + +IRISH RHYMES--ENGLISH PROVINCIALISMS--LOWLAND SCOTCH. + +(Vol. vi., pp. 605, 606.) + +MR. BEDE, who first called attention to a class of rhymes which he +denominated "Irish," seems to take it ill that I have dealt with his +observations as somewhat "hypercritical." I acknowledge the justness of his +criticism; but I did, and must still, demur to the propriety of calling +certain false rhymes peculiarly _Irish_, when I am able to produce similes +from poets of celebrity, who cannot stand excused by MR. BEDE'S +explanation, that the rhymes in question "made music for their Irish ear." +If, as he tells us, MR. BEDE was not "blind to similar imperfections in +English poets," I am yet to learn why he should fix on "Swift's Irishisms," +and call those errors a national peculiarity, when he finds them so freely +scattered through the standard poetry of England? + +Your correspondent J. H. T. suggests a new direction for inquiry on this +subject when he conjectures that the pronunciation now called _Irish_ was, +"during the first half of the eighteenth century, the received +pronunciation of the most correct speakers of the day;" and MR. BEDE +himself suggests that _provincialisms_ may sometimes modify the rhymes of +even so correct a versifier as Tennyson. I hope some of your contributors +will have "drunk so deep of the well of English undefiled" as to be +competent to address themselves to this point of inquiry. I cannot pretend +to do much, being but a shallow philologist; yet, since I received your +last Number, I have lighted on a passage in that volume of "omnifarious +information" Croker's _Boswell_, which will not be deemed inapplicable. + +Boswell, during a sojourn at Lichfield in 1776, expressed a doubt as to the +correctness of Johnson's eulogy on his townsmen, as "speaking the purest +English," and instanced several provincial sounds, such as _there_ +pronounced like _fear_, _once_ like _woonse_. On this passage are a +succession of notes: Burney observes, that "David Garrick always said +_shupreme, shuperior_." Malone's note brings the case in point to ours when +he says, "This is still the vulgar pronunciation in Ireland; the +pronunciation in Ireland is doubtless that which generally prevailed in +England in the time of Queen Elizabeth." And Mr. Croker sums up the case +thus: + + "No doubt the English settlers carried over, and may have in some cases + preserved, the English idiom and accent of their day. Bishop Kearny, as + well as his friend Mr. Malone, thought that the most remarkable + peculiarity of Irish pronunciation, as in _say_ for _sea_, _tay_ for + _tea_, was _the English mode, even down to the reign of Queen Anne_; + and there are rhymes in Pope, and more frequently in Dryden, that + countenance that opinion. But rhymes cannot be depended upon for minute + identity of sound."--Croker's _Notes_, A.D. 1776. + +If this explanation be adopted, it will account for the examples I have +been furnishing, and others which I find even among the harmonious rhymes +of Spenser (he might, however, have caught the brogue in Ireland); yet am I +free to own that to me popular pronunciation scarcely justifies the +committing to paper such loose rhymes as ought to grate on that fineness of +ear which is an essential faculty in the true poet; "here or awa'," in +England or Ireland, I continue to set them down to "slip-slop composition." + +It may not be inappropriate to notice, that among Swift's eccentricities, +we find a propensity to "out-of-the-way rhymes." In his works are numerous +examples of couplets made apparently for no other purpose but to show that +no word could baffle him; and the anecdote of his long research for a rhyme +for the name of his old enemy Serjent _Betsworth_, and of the curious +accident by which he obtained it, is well known; from which we may conclude +that he was on the watch for occasions of exhibiting such rhymes as +_rakewell_ and _sequel_, _charge ye_ and _clergy_, without supposing him +ignorant that he was guilty of "lese majeste" against the laws of correct +pronunciation. + +When I asked MR. BEDE'S decision on a _palpable Cockneyism_ in verse, I did +so merely with a view, by a "_tu quoque_ pleasantry," to enliven a +discussion, which I hope we may carry on and conclude in that good humour +with which I accept his parenthetic hint, that I have made "a bull" of my +Pegasus. I beg to submit to him, that, as I read the _Classical +Dictionary_, it is from the _heels_ of Pegasus the fount of poetic +inspiration is supposed to be derived; and, further, that the _brogue_ is +not so _malapropos_ to the _heel_ as he imagines, for in Ireland the +_brogue_ is in use as well to cover the _understanding_ as to _tip the +tongue_. Could I enjoy the pleasure of MR. BEDE'S company in a stroll over +my native mountains, he might find that there are occasions on which he +might be glad to put off {484} his London-made shoe, and "to _wear_ the +_brogue_, though _speak_ none." + +A. B. R. + +P.S.--The _postscriptum_ of J. H. T. respecting the pronunciation of +English being preserved in Scotland, goes direct to an opinion I long since +formed, that the Lowland Scotch, as we read it in the Waverley Novels, is +the only genuine unadulterated remains we have of the Saxon language, as +used before the Norman Conquest. I formed this opinion from continually +tracing what we call "braid Scotch" to its root, in Bosworth's, and other +Saxon dictionaries; and I lately found this fact confirmed and accounted +for in a passage of Verstegan, as follows:--He tells us that after the +battle of Hastings Prince Edgar Atheling, with his sisters Margaret and +Christian, retired into Scotland, where King Malcolm married the former of +these ladies; and proceeds thus: + + "As now the English court, by reason of the aboundance of Normannes + therein, became moste to speak French, so the Scottish court, because + of the queen, and the many English that came with her, began to speak + English; the which language, it would seem, King Malcolm himself had + before that learned, and now, by reason of his queen, did more affecte + it. But the English toung, in fine, prevailed more in Scotland than the + French did in England; _for English became the language of all the + south part of Scotland_, the Irish (or Gaelic) having before that been + the general language of the whole country, since remaining only in the + north."--Verstegan's _Restitution of Antiquities_, A.D. 1605. + +Many of your accomplished philological readers will doubtless consider the +information of this Note trivial and puerile; but they will, I hope, bear +with a tyro in the science, in recording an original remark of his own, +borne out by an authority so decisive as Verstegan. + +A. B. R. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURES BY HOGARTH. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 339. 412.) + +In reply to AMATEUR, I can inform him that at the sale of the Marlborough +effects at Marlborough House about thirty years ago, there were sold four +or five small whole-lengths in oil of members of that family. They were +hardly clever enough for what Hogarth's after-style would lead us to +expect, but there were many reasons for thinking they were by him. They +came into the possession of Mr. Croker, who presented them, as family +curiosities, to the second Earl Spencer, and they are now, I presume, in +the gallery at Althorpe. One of them was peculiarly curious as connected +with a remarkable anecdote of the great Duchess. Horace Walpole tells us in +the _Reminiscences_, her granddaughter, Lady Bateman, having persuaded her +brother, the young Duke of Marlborough, to marry a Miss Trevor without the +Duchess's consent: + + "The grandam's rage exceeded all bounds. Having a portrait of Lady + Bateman, she blackened the face, and then wrote on it, '_Now her + outside's as black as her inside._'" + +One of the portraits I speak of was of Lady Bateman, and bore on its face +evidence of having incurred some damage, for the coat of arms with which +(like all the others, and as was Hogarth's fashion) it was ornamented in +one corner, were angrily scratched out, as with a knife. Whether this +defacement gave rise to Walpole's story, or whether the face had been also +blackened with some stuff that was afterwards removed, seems doubtful; the +picture itself, according to my recollection, showed no mark but the +armorial defacement. + +I much wonder this style of small whole-lengths has not been more +prevalent; they give the general air and manner of the personage so much +better than the bust size can do, and they are so much more suited to the +size of our ordinary apartments. + +C. + +Referring to AN AMATEUR'S inquiry as to where any pictures painted by +Hogarth are to be seen, I beg to say that I have in my possession, and +should be happy to show him, the portrait of Hogarth's wife (Sir William +Thornhill's daughter), painted by himself. + +LYNDON ROLLS. + +Banbury. + +The late Bishop Luscombe showed me, at Paris, in 1835, a picture of "The +Oratorio,"--a subject well known from Hogarth's etching. He told me that he +bought it at a broker's shop in the Rue St. Denis; that, on examination, he +found the frame to be English; and that, as the price was small--thirty +francs, if I remember rightly--he bought the piece, without supposing it to +be more than a copy. Sir William Knighton, on seeing it in the bishop's +collection, told him that Hogarth's original had belonged to the Dukes of +Richmond, and had been in their residence at Paris until the first +Revolution, since which time it had not been heard of; and Sir William had +no doubt that the bishop had been so fortunate as to recover it. Perhaps +some of your readers may have something to say on this story. + +J. C. R. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Washing Collodion Process._--In "N. & Q.," No. 153., p. 320., your valued +correspondent DR. DIAMOND states "that up to the _final_ period of the +operation, no washing of the plate is requisite. It prevents, rather than +assists, the necessary chemical action.". + +Now, in all other instructions I have yet seen, it is directed to wash off +the iron, or other developing solution, _prior_ to immersing in the hypo., +and after {485} such immersion, again to wash well in water. I shall feel +greatly obliged if DR. D. will be kind enough to state whether the +first-named washing is requisite, or whether the properties of the hypo., +or the beauty of the picture, will be in any way injured by the previous +solutions _not_ having been washed off, prior to the fixings. + +C. W. + + [We have submitted this Query to DR. DIAMOND, who informs us that he + never adopts the practice of washing off the developing fluid, and + considers it not only needless, but sometimes prejudicial, as when such + washing has not been resorted to, the hyposulphite solution flows more + readily over the picture, and causes none of the unpleasant stains + which frequently occur in pictures which have been previously washed, + especially if hard water has been used. But besides this, and the + saving of time, the doing away with this unnecessary washing economises + water, which in out-door practice is often a great consideration. DR. + DIAMOND would again impress upon our readers the advantage of using the + hyposulphite over and over again, merely keeping up its full strength + by the addition of fresh crystals of the salt from time to time, as + such practice produces pictures of whiter and softer tone than are ever + produced by the raw solution.] + +_Colouring Collodion Pictures_ (Vol. vii., p. 388.)--A patent has just been +taken out (dated September 23, 1852) for this purpose, by Mons. J. L. +Tardieu, of Paris. He terms his process _tardiochromy_. It consists in +applying oil or other colours at the back of the pictures, so as to give +the requisite tints to the several parts of the photograph, without at all +interfering with its extreme delicacy. It may even, in some cases, be used +to remedy defects in the photographic picture. The claim is essentially for +the application of colours at the back, instead of on the surface of +photographs, whatever kind of colours may be used. It is therefore, of +course, applicable only to photographs taken on paper, glass, or some +transparent material. + +A. C. WILSON. + +_Wanted, a simple Test for a good Lens._--As all writers on Photography +agree that the first great essential for successful practice is a good +lens--that is to say, a lens of which the visual and chemical foci +coincide--can any of the scientific readers of "N. & Q." point out any +simple test by which unscientific parties desirous of practising +photography may be enabled to judge of the goodness of a lens? A country +gentleman, like myself, may purchase a lens from an eminent house, with an +assurance that it is everything that can be desired (and I am _not_ putting +an imaginary case), and may succeed in getting beautiful images upon his +focussing-glass, but very unsatisfactory pictures; and it may not be until +he has almost abandoned photography, in despair at his own want of skill, +that he has the opportunity of showing his apparatus, manipulation, &c. to +some more practised hand, who is enabled to prove that _the lens was not +capable_ of doing what the vendors stated it could do. Surely scientific +men must know of a simple test which would save the disappointment I have +described; and I hope some one will take pity upon me, and send it to "N. & +Q.," for the benefit of myself and every other + +COUNTRY PRACTITIONER. + +_Photographic Tent--Restoration of Faded Negatives._--In Vol. vii., p. +462., I find M. F. M. inquiring for a cheap and portable tent, effective +for photographic operations out of doors. I have for the last two years, +and in mid-day (June), prepared calotype paper, and also the collodion +glass plates, for the camera, under a tent of glazed yellow calico of only +a single thickness: the light admitted is very great, but does not in the +least injure the most sensitive plate or paper. It is made square like a +large bag, so that in a room I can use it double as a blind; and out of +doors, in a high wind, I have crept into it, and prepared my paper opposite +the object I intended to calotype. + +I should be glad it any of your readers would inform me how a failed +negative calotype can be restored to its original strength. I last year +took a great number, some of which have nearly faded away; and others are +as strong, and as able to be used to print from, as when first done. The +paper was prepared with the single iodide of silver solution, and rendered +sensitive with aceto-nitrate sil. and gallic acid in the usual way. I +attribute the fading to the hyposulphate not being got rid of; and the +question is, Can the picture he restored? + +Are DR. DIAMOND'S _Notes_ published yet? + +S. S. B., Jun. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Gibbon's Library_ (Vol. vii., p. 407.).--I visited it in 1825, in company +with Dr. Scholl, of Lausanne, who took charge of it for Mr. Beckford. It +was sold between 1830 and 1835, partly by auction, partly by private sale +in detail. + +JAMES DENNISTOUN. + +_Robert Drury_ (Vol. v., p. 533.).--I am afraid that the credit attachable +to Drury's _Madagascar_ is not supported or strengthened by the +announcement that the author was "every day to be spoken with" at Old Tom's +Coffee House in Birchin Lane. _The Apparition of Mrs. Veal_, and other +productions of a similar description, should make us very doubtful as +regards the literature of the earlier part of the eighteenth century. Might +not a person have been suborned to represent the fictitious Robert Drury, +to the benefit of the coffee-house keeper as well as the publisher? I am +induced to express this suspicion by a parallel case of the same period. +_The Ten Years' Voyages of Captain George Roberts_, London, 1726, is +universally, I {486} believe, considered fictitious, and ascribed to Defoe; +yet at the end of the work we find: + + "N. B.--The little boy so often mentioned in the foregoing sheets, now + lives with Mr. Galapin, a tobacconist, in Monument Yard; and may be + referred to for the truth of most of the particulars before related." + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + +_Grub Street Journal_ (Vol. vii., p. 383.).--MR. JAMES CROSSLEY, after +quoting Eustace Budgell's conjectures as to the writers of this paper, +leaves it as doubtful whether Pope was or was not one of them. The poet has +himself contradicted Budgell's insinuation when he retorted upon him in +those terrible lines (alluding to his alleged forgery of a will): + + "Let Budgell charge low Grub Street to my quill, + And write whate'er he please--except my will!" + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + +_Wives of Ecclesiastics_ (Vol. i., p. 115.).--In considering "the statutes +made by Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas, Archbishop of York, and +all the other bishops of England," ann. 1108, interdicting the marriage of +ecclesiastics, might it not be worth investigating, by such of your +correspondents as are curious on the subject, what had been the antecedents +of the several bishops themselves? + +With respect to Thomas II., Archbishop of York, it is historically certain, +that he was the _son_ of an ecclesiastic, and likewise the _grandson_ of an +ecclesiastic (his _father_ being one of the bishops who concurred in these +statutes). Neither does it seem altogether unlikely that Thomas himself +also had spent some part of his early life in bonds of wedlock, since we +learn from the _Monasticon_ (vol. iii. p. 490. of new edit.), that "Thomas, +_son of Thomas_ (_the second of that name_), _Archbishop of York_, +confirmed what his predecessors, Thomas and Girard, had given," &c. If this +be correct, as stated[4], the conclusion is inevitable; but possibly some +error may have arisen out of the circumstance, that Thomas I. and Thomas +II., Archbishops of York, were uncle and nephew. + +J. SANSOM. + +[Footnote 4: Robertus Bloetus also, who was still Bishop of Lincoln, and +Rogerus, Bishop of Salisbury, appear to have had sons, though, perhaps, not +born in wedlock; but query.] + +_Blanco White._--In Vol. vii., p. 404., is a copy of a sonnet which is said +to be "_on_ the Rev. Joseph Blanco White." This sonnet is one which I have +been in search of for some years. I saw it in a newspaper (I believe the +_Athenaeum_), but not having secured a copy of it at the time, now ten or +twelve years ago, I have had occasion to regret it ever since, and am +consequently much obliged to BALLIOLENSIS for his preservation of it in "N. +& Q." "It is needless," as he well observes, "to say anything in its +praise." I should add, that my strong impression is that this sonnet was +written _by_ Blanco White. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Captain Ayloff_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Your correspondent will find a +short notice of Capt. Ayloff in Jacob's _Poetical Register_ (1719-20, 8vo., +2 vols.), and two of his poetical pieces--"Marvell's Ghost" and the +"Cambridge Commencement"--in Nichols's _Collection of Poems_ (vol. iii. pp. +186-188.), 1780, 12mo. There is considerable vigour in his "Marvell's +Ghost;" and had he cultivated his talent, he might have taken a respectable +place as a poet amongst the writers of his time. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + +_General Monk and the University of Cambridge_ (Vol. vii., p. 427.).--I +cannot doubt that "W. D." was Dr. William Dillingham, Master of Emmanuel +College, and Vice-Chancellor of the University, from November 1659 till +November 1660. + +The election to which his letter relates took place April 3, 1660. The +votes were: + + Lord General Moncke 341 + Thomas Crouch, M.A., Fellow of Trin. Coll. 211 + Oliver St. John, Chancellor of the University 157 + +The Vice-Chancellor, in his accounts, makes this charge: + + "Paid to two messengers sent to wait on y^e Lord Generall about y^e + burgesship, 4l. 10s."--_M. S. Baker_, xl. 59. + +On the 22nd of May, General Monk, who had been also chosen for Devonshire, +made his election to sit for that county. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +In reply to LEICESTRIENSIS, I beg leave to inform him that "W. D." was Wm. +Dillingham, D.D., master of Clare Hall, and at the time Vice-Chancellor of +the University of Cambridge. The letter in question, which was the original +draft, was, with a variety of other family papers, _stolen_ from me in +1843. + +J. P. ORD. + +P.S.--Query, from whom did the present possessor obtain it? + +_The Ribston Pippin_ (Vol. vii., p. 436.).--The remarks of your +correspondent H. C. K., respecting the uncertain origin of the Ribston +pippin, reminded me of a communication which I received about fifty years +ago, from one of the sisters of the late Sir Henry Goodricke, the last of +the family who possessed Ribston. Though it leaves the question concerning +the origin of that excellent apple unsettled, yet it may not be +uninteresting to {487} H. C. K. and some others of your numerous readers. I +therefore send a transcript: + +"_Tradition of the Ribston Pippin Tree._ + +"About the beginning of the last century, Sir Henry Goodricke, father of +the late Sir John Goodricke, had three pips sent by a friend in a letter +from Rouen in Normandy, which were sown at Ribston. Two of the pips +produced nothing: the third is the present tree, which is in good health, +and still continues to bear fruit." + +"_Another Account._ + +"Sir Henry, the father of the late Sir John Goodricke, being at Rouen in +Normandy, preserved the pips of some fine flavoured apples, and sent them +to Ribston, where they were sown, and the produce in due time planted in +what then was the park. Out of seven trees planted, five proved decided +crabs, and are all dead. The other two proved good apples; they never were +grafted, and one of them is the celebrated original Ribston pippin tree." + +The latter tradition has, I believe, always been considered as the most +correct. + +S. D. + +_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vi., _passim._).--The various disquisitions of your +correspondents on the word _pile_ are very ingenious; but I think it is +very satisfactorily explained as "a ship" by Joseph Scaliger in _De Re +nummaria Dissertatio_, Leyden, 1616: + + "Macrobius de nummo _ratito_ loquens, qui erat aereus: _ita fuisse + signatum hodieque intelligitur in aleae lusu, quum pueri denarios in + sublime jactantes, Capita aut Navia, lusu teste vetustatis + exclamant_."--P. 58. + +And in Scaligerana (prima): + + "Nummus ratitus--ce qu'aujourd'hui nous appellons jouer a croix ou a + pile, car _pile_ est un vieil mot francais qui signifiait un Navire, + _unde_ Pilote. Ratitus nummus erat ex aere, sic dictus ab effigie + ratus."--Tom. ii., Amsterdam, 1740, p. 130. + +See also, _Auctores Latinae Linguae_, by Gothofred, 1585, p. 169. l. 53. +Also, _Dictionnaire National_ of M. Bescherelle, tome ii. p 885., Paris, +1846, art. PILE (_subst. fem._) + +_En passant_, allow me to point out a very curious and interesting account +of this game, being the pastime of Edward II., in the _Antiquarian +Repertory_, by Grose and Astle: Lond. 1808, 4to., vol. ii. pp 406-8. + +[Phi]. + +Richmond, Surrey. + +_Ellis Walker_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).-- + + "Ellis Walker, D.D.," according to Ware, "was born in the city of York; + but came young into Ireland, and was educated in the college of Dublin, + where he passed through all his degrees. He fled from thence in the + troublesome reign of King James II., and lived with an uncle at York, + where he translated _Epictetus_ into verse. After the settlement of + Ireland he returned, and for seven years employed himself with great + reputation in teaching a public school at Drogheda, where he died on + the 17th April, 1701, in the fortieth year of his age; and was buried + there in St. Peter's Church, and twenty years after had a monument + erected to his memory by one of his scholars." + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Blackguard_ (Vol. vii., pp. 77. 273.).--I am not aware that the following +extract from Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_ has ever yet been quoted +under this heading. Would it not be worth the while to add it to the +extract from Hobbes's _Microcosmos_, quoted by JARLTZBERG, Vol. ii., p. +134. and again, by SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT at Vol. vii., p. 78.: + + "The same author, Cardan, in his _Hyperchen_, out of the doctrine of + the Stoicks, will have some of these genii (for so he calls them) to be + desirous of men's company, very affable and familiar with them, as dogs + are; others again, to abhor as serpents, and care not for them. The + same, belike, Trithemius calls _igneos et sublunares, qui numquam + demergunt ad inferiora, aut vix ullum habent in terris commercium: + generally they far excel men in worth, as a man the meanest worm_; + though some there are _inferiour to those of their own rank in worth, + as the black guard in a princes court, and to men again, as some + degenerate, base, rational creatures are excelled of brute + beasts_."--_Anat. of Mel._, Part I. sec. 2. Mem. 1. subs. 2. [Blake, + 1836, p. 118.] + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + +In looking over the second volume of "N. & Q.," I find the use of the word +_blackguard_ is referred to, and passages illustrative of its meaning are +given from the works of Beaumont and Fletcher, Hobbes, Butler, &c. To these +may be added the following fanciful use of the word, which occurs in the +poems of Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset; the author of the well-known +naval song "To all you Ladies now at Land:" + + "Love is all gentleness, all joy, + Smooth are his looks, and soft his pace. + Her [Belinda's] Cupid is a blackguard boy, + That rubs his link full in your face." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Talleyrand_ (Vol. vi., p. 575.).--Talleyrand's maxim is in Young. I regret +that I cannot give the reference. + +Z. E. R. + +_Lord King and Sclater_ (Vol. v., pp. 456. 518.).--By Sclater's answer, "as +I am informed, the Lord Chancellor _King_ was himself fully +convinced."--Zach. Grey's _Review of Neal_, p. 67., edit. 1744. + +_"Beware the Cat"_ (Vol. v., p. 319.).-The "dignitary of Cambridge" was +probably Dr. Thackeray, provost of King's, who bequeathed all his {488} +black-letter books to the college. Perhaps _Beware the Cat_ may be among +them. + +Z. E. R. + +"_Bis dat qui cito dat_" (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--The following Greek is +either in the _Anthologia_, or in Joshua Barnes: + + "[Greek: okeiai charitos glukeroterai, en de bradunei pasa charis + phthinuthei, mede legoito charis.]" + + "Gratia ab officio quod mora tardat, abest." + +Z. E. R. + +_High Spirits a Presage of Evil._--The Note of your correspondent CUTHBERT +BEDE (Vol. vii., p. 339.) upon this very interesting point recalls to my +recollection a line or two in Gilfillan's _First Gallery of Literary +Portraits_, p. 71., which bears directly upon it. Speaking of the death of +Percy Bysshe Shelley, the author says, "During all the time he spent in +Leghorn, he was in brilliant spirits, _to him a sure prognostic of coming +evil_." I may add, that I have been on terms of intimacy with various +persons who entertained a dread of finding themselves in good spirits, from +a strong conviction that some calamity would be sure to befall them. This +is a curious psychological question, worthy of attention. + +W. SAWYER. + +Brighton. + +_Colonel Thomas Walcot_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.) married Jane, the second +daughter of James Purcel of Craugh, co. Limerick, and had by her six sons +and two daughters: John, the eldest, who married Sarah Wright of Holt, in +Denbighshire; Thomas, Ludlow, and Joseph, which last three died unmarried; +Edward (who died an infant); William (of whom I have no present trace); +Catherine and Bridget. The latter married, first, Mr. Cox of Waterford, and +second, Robert Allen of Garranmore, co. Tipperary. John, the eldest son, +administered to his father, and possessed himself of his estates and +effects. I think his son was a John Minchin Walcot, who represented +Askeaton in Parliament in 1751, died in London in 1753, and was buried in +St. Margaret's churchyard. Two years after his death his eldest daughter +married William Cecil Pery, of the line of Viscount Pery, and had by him +Edmund Henry Pery, member of parliament for Limerick in 1786. A William +Walcot was on the Irish establishment appointed a major in the 5th Regiment +of Foot in 1769, but I cannot just now say whether, or how, he was related +to Colonel Thomas Walcot. + +JOHN D'ALTON. + +Dublin. + +_Wood of the Cross: Mistletoe_ (Vol. vii., p. 437.).--Was S. S. S.'s farmer +a native of an eastern county? If he came from any part where Scandinavian +traditions may be supposed to have prevailed, there may be some connexion +between the myth, that the mistletoe furnished the wood for the cross, and +that which represents it as forming the arrow with which Hoedur, at the +instigation of Lok, the spirit of evil, killed Baldyr. I have met with a +tradition in German, that the aspen tree supplied the wood for the cross, +and hence shuddered ever after at the recollection of its guilt. + +T. H. L. + +The tradition to which I have been always accustomed is, that the aspen was +the tree of which the cross was formed, and that its tremulous and +quivering motion proceeded from its consciousness of the awful use to which +it had once been put. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Irish Office for Prisoners_ (Vol. vii, p 410.).--The best reference for +_English_ readers is to Bishop Mant's edition of the Prayer-Book, in which +this office is included. + +J. C. R. + +_Andries de Graeff: Portraits at Brickwall House_ (Vol. vii, p. +406.).--"Andries de Graeff. Obiit lxxiii., MDCLXXIV." Was this gentleman +related to, or the father of, Regulus de Graef, a celebrated physician and +anatomist, born in July, 1641, at Scomharen, a town in Holland, where his +father was the first architect? Regulus de Graef married in 1672, and died +in 1673, at the early age of thirty-two. He published several works, +chiefly _De Organis Generationis_, &c. (See Hutchinson's _Biographia +Medica_; and, for a complete list of his works, _Lindonius Renovatus_, p. +933.: Nuremberg, 1686, 4to.) + +S. S. S. + +Bath. + +"_Qui facit per alium, facit per se_" (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--This is one of +the most ordinary maxims or "brocards" of the common law of Scotland, and +implies that the employer is responsible for the acts of his servant or +agent, done on his employment. Beyond doubt it is borrowed from the civil +law, and though I cannot find it in the title of the digest, _De Diversis +Regulis Juris Antiqui_ (lib. 1. tit. 17.), I am sure it will be traced +either to the "Corpus Juris," or to one of the commentators thereupon. + +W. H. M. + +_Christian Names_ (Vol. vii., p. 406.).--When Lord Coke says "a man cannot +have two names of baptism, as he may have divers surnames," he does not +mean that a man may not have two or more Christian names given to him at +the font, but that, while he may have "divers surnames at divers times," he +may not have divers Christian names _at divers times_. + +When a man changes his Christian name, he alters his legal identity. The +surname, however, is assumable at pleasure. The use of surnames came into +England, according to Camden, about {489} the time of the Conquest, but +they were not in general use till long after that. Many branches of +families used to substitute the names of their estate or residence for +their patronymic, which often makes the tracing of genealogies a difficult +matter. It was not till the middle of the fourteenth century that surnames +began to descend from father to son, and a reference to any old document of +the time will show how arbitrarily such names were assumed. + +A surname, in short, may be called a matter of convenience; a Christian +name, a matter of necessity. The giving two Christian names at baptism did +not come generally into use till, owing to the multiplication of the +patronymic, a single Christian name became insufficient to identify the +individual. Consequently an instance of a double Christian name, previous +to the commencement of the eighteenth century, is a rarity. The fifth and +sixth earls of Northumberland bore the names of Henry-Algernon Percy. The +latter died in 1537. + +As to the period at which Christian names were assumed as surnames, your +correspondent ERICAS is referred to Lower's _English Surnames_. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +Your correspondent ERICA will not, I think, find an instance in this +country of a person having more than one Christian name before the last +century. Charles James Fox and William Wyndham Grenville are the two +earliest instances I can find. It is trivial but curious to observe, that +in the lists given at the beginning of the _Oxford Calendar_ of the heads +of colleges and halls from their several foundations, the first who appears +with two Christian names is the venerable president of Magdalene College. +Antony Ashley Cooper is only a seeming exception; his surname was +Ashley-Cooper, as is proved by his contributing the letter _a_ to the word +_cabal_, the nickname of the ministry of which he formed a part. We find +the custom common enough in Germany at the time of the Reformation, and +still earlier in Italy. I apprehend that its origin is really in the _tria +nomina_ of Roman freemen. It was introduced into this country through our +royal family, but I am not aware of any prince who had the benefit of it +before Charles James. + +I apprehend the passage which ERICA quotes from Lord Coke has not the +significance which he attributes to it. A man can have but one Christian or +baptismal name, of however many single names or words that baptismal name +may be composed. I have spoken in this letter of two Christian names, in +order to be more intelligible at the expense of correctness. + +J. J. H. + +Temple. + +_Lamech's War-song_ (Vol. vii., p. 432.).--There have been many +speculations about the origin and meaning of these lines. I agree with +EWALD in _Die Poetischen Buecher des Alten Bundes_, vol. i., who calls it a +"sword-song;" and I imagine it might have been preserved by tradition among +the Canaanitish nations, and so quoted by Moses as familiar to the +Israelites. I should translate it-- + + "Adah and Zillah, hear ye my voice! + Wives of Lemek, heed ye my saying! + For man do I slay, for my wound; + And child, for my bruise. + For seven-fold is Cain avenged, + And Lemek seventy-fold and seven." + +Bishop Hall, in his _Explication of Hard Texts_, paraphrases it thus: + + "And Lamech said to his wives, 'Adah and Zillah, what tell you me of + any dangers and fears? Hear my voice, oh ye faint-hearted wives of + Lamech, and hearken unto my speech; I pass not of the strength of my + adversary: for I know my own valour and power to revenge; if any man + give me but a wound or a stroke, though he be never so young and lusty, + I can and will kill him dead.'" + +Your correspondent H. WALTER says that "every branch of Cain's family was +destroyed by the Deluge." Where is the authority to be found for the +tradition, quoted in an _Introduction to the Books of Moses_, by James +Morison, p. 26., that Naameh, the daughter of Lamech the Cainite and +Zillah, married Ham, the son of Noah, and thus survived the Flood? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Traitor's Ford_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--Nothing is known of any legend in +connexion with the stirring events of the battle of Edgehill, or its times, +and the origin of the name is a matter of speculation. One _Trait_ had +lands near this stream, and it is thought by some that, from this +circumstance, it is properly _Trait's_ Ford, corrupted into Traitor's +Ford,--a locality well known to sportsmen as a favourite meet of the +Warwickshire hounds. + +A. B. R. + +Banbury. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +We understand the Committee appointed by the Society of Antiquaries to +consider the best mode of restoring the Society to its former efficient +state, have agreed upon their Report, and also to the revised laws to be +recommended to the Fellows for adoption. Of the nature of alterations +suggested, we know nothing; for while, on the one hand, it is stated that +the Report recommends changes of a most sweeping character, on the other it +is rumoured that the changes to be proposed are neither many nor important. +The truth in this, as in most cases, no doubt lies midway between {490} the +two: and the Report will probably be found to breathe a spirit of +conservative reform. Embracing, as the proposed changes necessarily must, +points on which great difference of opinion has existed, and may continue +to exist, we hope they will receive the impartial consideration of the +Fellows; and that they will bear in mind, that in coming to the conclusions +at which they have arrived, the Committee have had the advantage of sources +of information, necessarily beyond the reach of the body generally; and +that those very recommendations, which at first sight may seem most open to +objection, may probably be those which their information most completely +justifies. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Young's Night Thoughts, or Life, Death, and Immortality, +revised and collated with the early Quarto Editions, with a Life of the +Author by_ Dr. Doran. This new, handsomely printed, and carefully edited +reprint of the great work of this noble and original writer, is rendered +more valuable by the well-written and critical Memoir of Young, which Dr. +Doran has prefixed to it.--_The National Miscellany_, _May_ 1853. The first +Number of a New Magazine just issued by Mr. Parker (Oxford), with every +promise of realising the objects for which it has been projected, namely, +"to aid the elevation of the reader's mind, to raise some glow of generous +desire, some high and noble thoughts, some kindly feeling, and a warm +veneration for all things that are good and true."--_Cyclopaedia +Bibliographica_, Part VIII. This most useful work is in the present Part +carried from _Fawcett_ (John) to _Goethe_. Every fresh issue of it affords +additional evidence of the great utility which the complete work will prove +to all authors, preachers, students, and literary men. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +JACOB'S ENGLISH PEERAGE. Folio Edition, 1766. Vols. II., III., and IV. + +GAMMER GURTON'S NEEDLE. + +ALISON'S EUROPE. (20 Vols.) Vols. XIII., XX. + +ABBOTSFORD EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. Odd Vols. + +THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +H. C. B. _No._ + +J. D. LUCAS (Bristol). _The inscription is Dutch, and means "Praise God for +all things."_ + +WALTER J. WATTS _will find much of the literary history of the_ Travels of +Baron Munchausen, _which were written in ridicule of Bruce, the Abyssinian +traveller, in our_ 3rd Vol., pp. 117, 305, 453. + +P. P. _Longfellow_ is _an American, having been born at Portland. He is +now, we believe, Professor of Modern Languages and Belles Lettres at +Cambridge University, U.S._ + +A BRITON _must be aware that if we were so far to depart from our plan of +avoiding religious controversy, as to insert his Query, we should be +inviting endless disputes and discussions, such as our pages could not +contain, or our readers endure._ + +C. M. I. _The sides of the stage are described in Stage Directions as_ +O. P. _and_ P. S., _i. e._ Opposite Promp. (_or_ Prompter) _and_ Promp. +Side. + +GENERAL SIR DENNIS PACK (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--_"As the purport of the +Query may be defeated by two misprints in my communication relative to this +gallant soldier, may I beg of your readers for 'French rebels,' to +substitute 'Irish rebels;' and for 'Ballinakell,' 'Ballinakill.' I am +willing to lay the blame of these errata on my own cacography, rather than +on the printer's back._ + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny." + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. _Replies to our photographic Correspondents +next week._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +PURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.--If the readers of NOTES AND QUERIES, who +suffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache, blushing, +groundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to the head, +failure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c., +will call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of +above 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who have followed his +advice, he will instruct them how to get well, without a fee, and will +render the same service to the friends of the insane.--At home from 11 to +3. + +18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to +Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock, +under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been +connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments. The superiority of this preparation is now generally +acknowledged. In all cases where a quantity is required, the two solutions +may be had at wholesale price in separate bottles; in which state it may be +kept for years, and exported to any climate. Full instructions for use. + +_Caution._--Each bottle is stamped with a red label, bearing my name, + +RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall. + +CYANOGEN SOAP for removing instantaneously Photographic Stains from the +Hands, and cleansing all kinds of Photographic Dishes, Glasses, Linen, &c. +Prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10 Pall Mall, Manufacturer of +Pure Photographic Chemicals, and may be procured of all respectable +Chemists; in pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, +67. St. Paul's Church Yard--MESSRS. BARCLAY, 95. Farringdon Street, +Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM. +One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6s., + +THE ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM; or, PORTFOLIO OF ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS; +relating to-- + + Language, Literature, and Government. + Architecture and Sculpture. + Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Discoveries. + Articles of Dress, &c. + Titles, Dignities, &c. + Names, Trades, Professions. + Parliament, Laws, &c. + Universities and Religious Sects. + Epithets and Phrases. + Remarkable Customs. + Games, Field Sports. + Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week. + Remarkable Localities, &c. &c. + +By WILLIAM PULLEYN. + +The Third Edition, revised and improved, by MERTON A. THOMAS, ESQ. + +London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside. + +{491} + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s., 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's. Canson Freres', La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Paper of Whatman's, Turners, +Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY--HORNE & CO.'s Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordinance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 24-1/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th of June next, will be entitled, at the +next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later +Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + +_Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + +_Trustees._ + +W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + +_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + +_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _L s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +A LITERARY CURIOSITY, sent Free by Post on receipt of Three Postage Stamps. +A Fac-simile of a very remarkably Curious, Interesting, and Droll Newspaper +of Charles II.'s Period. + +J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. + + * * * * * + + +WANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant. LADIES of +taste for fancy work.--by paying 21s. will be received as members, and +taught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired in a few easy +lessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment and ready cash +payment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. N. B. Ladies +taught by letter at any distance from London. + + * * * * * + + +UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in +1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London. + + HONORARY PRESIDENTS. + + Earl of Courtown + Earl Leven and Melville + Earl of Norbury + Earl of Stair + Viscount Falkland + Lord Elphinstone + Lord Belhaven and Stenton + Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan + + LONDON BOARD. + + _Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq. + _Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq. + + H. Blair Avarne, Esq. + E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_. + C. Berwick Curtis, Esq. + William Fairlie, Esq. + D. Q. Henriques, Esq. + J. G. Henriques, Esq. + F. C. Maitland, Esq. + William Railton, Esq. + F. H. Thomson, Esq. + Thomas Thorby, Esq. + + MEDICAL OFFICERS. + + _Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., + 8. Bennett Street, St. James's. + + _Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street. + +The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as +follows:-- + + Sum | Time | Sum added to | Sum + Assured. | Assured. | Policy | Payable + | +--------------------+ at Death. + | | In 1841. In 1848. | + ---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- + L | | L s.d.| L s.d.| L s.d. + 5000 | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8 + * 1000 | 7 years | - - | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0 + 500 | 1 year | - - | 11 5 0 | 511 5 0 + +* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took +out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in +1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 2-1/4 +per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for +each 1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the +premiums paid. + +The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only +one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for +Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident +Director. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads: +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. +{492} + + * * * * * + + +MR. HALLIWELL'S +FOLIO EDITION OF SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + +SPECIMEN COPIES of the First Volume of this Work may be seen at MR. +SKEFFINGTON'S, 192. Piccadilly, and at MR. RUSSELL SMITH'S, 36. Soho +Square, London. + +The Editor having, at a great sacrifice, adhered to the original limit, and +the estimates having been considerably exceeded, has been compelled, to +avoid incurring an extravagant loss, to make the terms very absolute, and +to raise the Subscription to the later copies. Notwithstanding, therefore, +the great demand for the Work, a few copies may still be secured by early +written application. + +All communications on the subject are requested to be addressed to-- + +J. O. HALLIWELL, ESQ., AVENUE LODGE, BRIXTON HILL, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday May 7, contains Articles on + + Agriculture, history of + Attraction, capillary + Barley, to transplant, by Messrs. Hardy + Beetle, instinct of + Books noticed + Butterfly, instinct of + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Columnea Schiedeana + Dahlia, the, by Mr. Edwards + Digging machine, Samuelson's + Eggs, to keep + Farm leases, by Mr. Morton + Frost, plants injured by + Grapes, colouring + Green, German, by Mr. Prideaux + Heat, bottom + Heating, gas, by Mr. Lucas + Ireland, tenant-right in + Kilwhiss _v._ Rothamsted experiments, by Mr. Russell + Land, transfer of + Law of transfer + Leases, farm, by Mr. Morton + Level, new plummet, by Mr. Ennis + Nelumbium luteum + Orchard houses, by Mr. Russell (with engravings) + Orchids, sale of + Paints, green, by Mr. Prideaux + Plants, effects of frost on + ----, bottom-heat for + Potatoe disease, by Mr. Hopps + Rooks + Schools, self-supporting + Society of Arts + Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, Linnean, National + Floricultural, Agricultural of England + Sparrows + Strawberry, Cuthill's + Tenant-right in Ireland + Veitch's Nursery, Chelsea + Water Lilies, eradicating + Winter, the late + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Gardens, London. + + * * * * * + + +Published on the 4th May, 1853, in One Volume 4to., cloth, price 24s. + +A NEW GREEK HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS, including an Introductory +Treatise, and numerous Tables, Indexes, and Diagrams. By WILLIAM STROUD, +M.D. + +SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +MUSEUM OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES. +Vol. II. Pt. 4. 6s. 6d., and Supplement 5s., April and May, 1853. + +ON THE TRUE SITE OF CALVARY, with a restored Plan of the ancient City of +JERUSALEM. + +By [Arabic: **] + +T. RICHARDS, 37. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn. + + * * * * * + + +NEW EDITION OF LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS. + +On Monday will be published in fcap. 8vo., a new Edition, being the SIXTH, +of + +LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS. BY W. EDMONSTOUN AYTOUN. Price 7s. 6d. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, + +PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the Catalogue of Manuscripts in Gonville and +Caius College Library. Selected by the REV. J. J. SMITH. Being Facsimiles +of Illumination, Text, and Autograph, done in Lithograph, 4to. size, with +Letter-press Description in 8vo., as Companion to the published Catalogue, +price 1l. 4s. + +A few copies may be had of which the colouring of the Plates is more highly +finished. Price 1l. 10s. + +Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON. + +London: GEORGE BELL. + + * * * * * + + +CONCLUDING VOLUME OF ARNOLD'S SELECTIONS FROM CICERO. + +Now ready, 12mo., price 2s. 6d. + +SELECTIONS from CICERO. Part V.; CATO MAJOR, sive De SENECTUTE Dialogus. +With English Notes, from the German of JULIUS SOMMERBRODT, by the REV. +HENRY BROWNE, M.A., Canon of Chichester. 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