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diff --git a/20407-8.txt b/20407-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cf2abb --- /dev/null +++ b/20407-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3607 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 184, May 7, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 184, May 7, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20407] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{445} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 184.] +Saturday, May 7, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Old Popular Poetry: "Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, + and William of Clowdesly," by J. Payne Collier 445 + Witchcraft, by Rev. H. T. Ellacombe 446 + Spring, &c., by Thomas Keightley 448 + Notes and Queries on Bacon's Essays, No. III., by + P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A. 448 + Shakspeare Correspondence, by S. W. Singer, Cecil + Harbottle, &c. 449 + MINOR NOTES:--Local Rhymes, Norfolk--"Hobson's + Choice"--Khond Fable--Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, + Bart.--Anagrams 452 + + QUERIES:-- + Seal of William d'Albini 452 + Forms of Judicial Oath, by Henry H. Breen 453 + MINOR QUERIES:--Passage in Boerhaave--Story of + Ezzelin--The Duke--General Sir Dennis Pack--Haveringemere--Old + Pictures of the Spanish Armada--Bell + Inscription--Loselerius Villerius, &c.--The + Vinegar Plant--Westminster Parishes--Harley Family--Lord + Cliff--Enough--Archbishop Magee--Carpets + at Rome--Nursery Rhymes--Gloves at Fairs--Mr. + Caryl or Caryll--Early Reaping-machines 453 + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"Diary of a + Self-Observer"--Jockey--Boyle Lectures 456 + + REPLIES:-- + The Discovery and Recovery of MSS., by Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie 456 + "The Whippiad" 457 + Spontaneous Combustion, by Shirley Hibberd 458 + Major-General Lambert, by Edgar MacCulloch 459 + The "Salt-peter-man," by J. Deck 460 + Metrical Psalms and Hymns, by J. Sansom 460 + The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church 461 + PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--New Developing + Fluid--Photographic Tent--Mr. Wilkinson's simple + Mode of levelling Cameras--Antiquarian Photographic + Club 462 + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Erroneous Forms of + Speech: Mangel Wurzel--The Whetstone--Charade--Parochial + Libraries--Judge Smith--Church Catechism--Charade + attributed to Sheridan--Gesmas and + Desmas--Lode--Epitaphs imprecatory--Straw-bail--How + to stain Deal--Detached Belfry Towers 463 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 465 + Books and Odd volumes wanted 465 + Notices to Correspondents 466 + Advertisements 466 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +OLD POPULAR POETRY: "ADAM BELL, CLYM OF THE CLOUGH, AND WILLIAM OF +CLOWDESLY." + +I have very recently become possessed of a curious printed fragment, which +is worth notice on several accounts, and will be especially interesting to +persons who, like myself, are lovers of our early ballad poetry. It is part +of an unknown edition of the celebrated poem relating to the adventures of +Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudesly. + +There are (as many of your readers will be aware from Ritson's small +volume, _Pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry_, 8vo. 1791) two old editions of +_Adam Bell, &c._, one printed by William Copland, without date, and the +other by James Roberts in 1605. The edition by Copland must have preceded +that by Roberts by forty or fifty years, and may have come out between 1550 +and 1560; the only known copy of it is among the Garrick Plays (at least it +was so when I saw it) in the British Museum. The re-impression by Roberts +is not very uncommon, and I think that more than one copy of it is at +Oxford. + +When Copland printed the poem, he did not enter it at Stationers' Hall; +comparatively few of his publications, generally of a free, romantic, or +ludicrous character, were licensed, and he was three times fined for not +first obtaining the leave of the Company. Nevertheless, we do find an entry +of a "book" called "Adam Bell," &c., among the memoranda belonging to the +year 1557-8, but it was made at the instance, not of Copland, but of John +Kynge, in this form: + + "To John Kynge, to prynte this boke called Adam Bell, &c., and for his + lycense he geveth to the howse"-- + +What sum he gave is not stated. Again, we meet with another notice of it in +the same registers, under the date of 1581-2, when John Charlwood was +interested in the undertaking. I mention these two entries principally +because neither Ritson nor Percy were acquainted with them; but they may be +seen among the extracts published by the Shakspeare Society in 1848 and +1849. {446} + +No impressions by Kynge or Charlwood having come down to us, we have no +means of knowing whether they availed themselves of the permission granted +at Stationers' Hall; and, unless I am deceived, the fragment which +occasions this Note is not from the presses of either of them, and is of an +earlier date than the time of Copland; the type is much better, and less +battered, than that of Copland; at the same time it has a more antique +look, and in several respects, which I am about to point out, it furnishes +a better text than that given by Ritson from Copland's edition, or by Percy +with the aid of his folio manuscript. I am sorry to say that it only +consists of a single sheet; but this is nearly half the production, and it +comprises the whole of the second, and two pages of the third "fit." The +first line and the last of the portion in my hands, testify to the greater +antiquity and purity of the text there found; it begins-- + + "These gates be shut so wonderly well;" + +and it ends, + + "Tyll they came to the kynge's palays." + +It is "_wonderous_ well" in Copland's impression, and palace is there spelt +"pallace," a more modern form of the word than _palays_. Just afterwards we +have, in my fragment, + + "Streyght comen from oure kyng," + +instead of Copland's + + "Streyght _come nowe_ from our king." + +_Comen_ is considerably more ancient than "come nowe;" so that, without +pursuing this point farther, I may say that my fragment is not only an +older specimen of typography than Copland's impression, but older still in +its words and phraseology, a circumstance that communicates to it +additional interest. I subjoin a few various readings, most, if not all, of +them presenting a superior text than is to be met with elsewhere. Speaking +of the porter at the gate of Carlisle, we are told-- + + "And to the gate faste he throng." + +Copland's edition omits _faste_, and it is not met with in Percy. In +another place a rhyme is lost by an awkward transposition, "he saide" for +_sayd he_; and farther on, in Copland's text, we have mention of + + "The justice with a quest of squyers." + +instead of "a quest of _swerers_," meaning of course the jury who had +condemned Cloudesly "there hanged to be." Another blunder committed by +Copland is the omission of a word, so that a line is left without its +corresponding rhyme: + + "Then Clowdysle cast hys eyen aside, + And sawe his two bretheren _stande_ + At the corner of the market-place, + With theyr good bowes bent in theyr hand." + +The word I print in Italics is entirely wanting in Copland. It is curious +to see how Percy (_Reliques_, i. 157., ed. 1775) gets over the difficulty +by following no known copy of the original: + + "Then Cloudesle cast his eyen asyde, + And saw hys brethren twaine + At a corner of the market-place, + Ready the justice for to slaine." + +Cloudesly is made to exclaim, in all editions but mine, "I see comfort," +instead of "I see _good_ comfort." However, it would perhaps be wearisome +to press this matter farther, and I have said enough to set a few of your +readers, zealous in such questions, rummaging their stores to ascertain +whether any text with which they are acquainted, tallies with that I have +above quoted. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + + * * * * * + + +WITCHCRAFT. + +Observing that you have lately admitted some articles on witchcraft, it may +be interesting to make a note of two or three original papers, out of some +in my possession, which were given to me many years ago by an old general +officer, who served in the American war, and brought them with him to +England about 1776. I send exact copies from the originals. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Rectory, Clyst St. George. + +Whereas several persons, being by authority co[=m]itted to Ipswich Goall +for fellony and witchcraft, and order being given that search should be +made carefully upon their bodyes, to see if there nothing appeared +preternaturall thereon: for that end, on July y^e 4^th, 1692, a Jurie of +one man and eight women were su[=m]oned to attend, and sworne to make +dilligent search, and to give a true account of what they found, viz^t.-- + + Doctor Philemon Dance, + Mrs. Joha[=n]a Diamond, midwife, + Mrs. Grace Graves, + Mrs. Mary Belcher, + Mrs. Gennet Pengery, + Ann Lovell, + Francis Davis, + Mary Browne, + +Who, after search made in particular, give this account, viz^t.--Upon the +body of goodwife Estue they find three unnaturall teats, one under left +arme, and one on the back side of her sholder-blade, one near to her secret +parts on one thigh, which, being pricked throw with a pin, remained without +sense, and did not bleed. + +2. Upon y^e veiwing and searching y^e body of Sarah Cloice, there was +nothing unnaturall appeared on her. + +3. Upon searching y^e body of Mrs. Bradbury, there was nothing appeared +unnaturall on her, {447} only her brest were biger than usuall, and her +nipples larger than one y^t did not give suck, though her body was much +pined and wasted, yet her brests seemed full. + +4. Upon y^e searching y^e body of y^e wife of Giles Cory, there was +severall darke moulds, one of which was upon one of her buttocks, and being +pricked with a pin, it was without sence, and did not bleed. + +5. Upon y^e searching y^e body of Widow Hoer, nothing appeared on her +unnaturall, only her body verry much scratched, and on her head a strange +lock of haire, verry long, and differing in color from y^e rest on her +head, and matted or tangled together, which she said was a widow's lock, +and said, if it were cutt off she should die. + +6. Upon searching y^e body of Rachell Clenton, there was found an +unnaturall teat on one side, something lower than just under her arme, +which teat having a pin thrust throw it she was not senceable of, till by +scratching her side, pricked her fingers with y^e pin y^t was then in y^e +teat; neither did y^e teat bleed. + +There was also ordered, with ye foresaid Doct^r, four other men, viz^t, Mr. +Har. Symonds, Samuel Graves, Sen^r, Thomas Knewlton, and John Pinder, to +search y^e body of Giles Cory, and they returned y^t they, having searched +him, found nothing unnaturall upon him. + +The truth of which I heare attest. +(Signed) THO^S WADE, J.P. + + * * * * * + + Province of Massachusettes Bay, + New England, Essex. + +Anno R. R. et Reginæ Gulielmi et Mariæ Angliæ, &c. quarto, annoqu Dom. +1692. + +The Jurors for our Sov^n Lord and Ladye the King and Queen present-- + +That Abigail Barker, wife of Ebenezer Barker of Andiver, in the County of +Essex aforesaid, about two years since, at and in the town of Andiver +aforesaid, wickedly, maliciously, and felloniously, a covenant with the +Devill did make, and signed the Devill's Booke, and by the Devill was +baptized, and renounced her former Christian baptism; and gave herselfe up +to the Devill to serve him, and for the Devill to be her lord and master; +by which wicked and diabollicall couvenant, shee the said Abigaill Barker +is become a detestable witch, contrary to the peace of our Soveraigne Lord +and Lady the King and Queene, their crowne and dignity, and the law in that +case made and provided. + +_Sep., '92._ The examination and confession of Abigail Barker, taken before +John Hawthorn, Esq., and other their Majesties Justices: + +_Q._ How long have you been in the snare of the Devil? + +_A._ Not above two yeares and a half. + +_Q._ At what place were you first overtaken? + +_A._ I am at present very much bewildered.--But a little after she said as +followes:--About two yeare and a half agoe she was in great discontent of +mynd, her husband being abroad, and she at home alone; at which tyme a +black man appeared to her, and brought a book with him, to which he put her +finger and made a black mark. She saith, her memory now failes her now more +than ordinary; but said she gave herself up to the Devil to serve him, and +he was her lord and master; and the Devil set a mark upon her legg, which +mark is black and blue, and she apprehends is a witch mark; and said that +she is a witch, and thinks that mark is the cause of her afflicting +persons, though she thought nothing of it then till afterwards she heard of +others having a mark upon them. She sayes, that some tyme after this the +black man carryed her singly upon a pole to 5-mile pond, and there were 4 +persones more upon another pole, viz. Mistriss Osgood, Goody Wilson, Goody +Wardwell, Goody Tyler, and Hanneh Tyler. And when she came to the pond the +Devil made a great light, and took her up and dypt her face in the pond, +and she felt the water, and the Devil told her he was her lord and master, +and she must serve him for ever. He made her renounce her former baptisme, +and carryed her back upon the pole. She confesses she has afflicted the +persones that accused her, viz. Sprague, Lester, and Sawdy, both at home +and in the way comeing downe. The manner thus:--The Devil does it in her +shape, and she consents unto, and clinches her hands together, and sayes +the Devil cannot doe it in her shape without her consent. She sayes she was +at a meeting at Moses Tyler's house, in company with Mistriss Osgood, Goody +Wilson, Goody Tyler, and Hanah Tyler. She said the mark above was on her +left legg by her shin. It is about two yeare agoe since she was baptized. +She said that all this was true; and set her hand to the original as a true +confession. _Noate_, that before this her confession she was taken dumb, +and took Mr. Epps about the neck and pulled him down, thereby showing him +how the black man bowed her down; and for one houre's tyme could not open +her lips. + +I, underwritten, being appointed by authority to take the above +examination, doe testify upon oath taken in court, that this is a true +coppy of the substance of it to the best of my knowledge. + +WM. MURRAY. + +6th July, 1692/3. + +The above Abigail Barker was examined before their Majesties Justices of +the Peace in Salem. + + (Atest.) JOHN HIGGINSON, Just. Peace. + +Owned before the Grand Jury. + + (Atest.) ROBERT PAYNE, Foreman. + +6th January, 1692. {448} + + * * * * * + + +SPRING, ETC. + +Our ancestors had three verbs and three corresponding substantives to +express the growth of plants, namely, _spring_, _shoot_, and _sprout_,--all +indicative of rapidity of growth; for _sprout_, (Germ. _spriessen_) is akin +to _spurt_, and denotes quickness, suddenness. The only one of these which +remains in general use is _shoot_: for _sprout_ is now only appropriated to +the young growth from cabbage-stalks; and _spring_ is heard no more save in +_sprig_, which is evidently a corruption of it, and which now denotes a +small slip or twig as we say, sprigs of laurel, bay, thyme, mint, rosemary, +&c. + +Of the original meaning of _spring_, I have met but one clear instance; it +is, however, an incontrovertible one, namely, + + "Whoso spareth the _spring_ (_i. e._ rod, switch), spilleth his + children."--_Visions of Piers Plowman_, v. 2554., ed. Wright. + +Perhaps this is also the meaning in-- + + "Shall, Antipholus, + Even in the spring of love thy _love-springs_ rot?" + _Com. of Errors_, Act III. Sc. 2. + +and in "Time's Glory"-- + + "To dry the old oak's sap and cherish _springs_." + _Rape of Lucrece._ + +_Spring_ afterwards came to be used for underwood, &c. Perhaps it answered +to the present _coppice_, which is composed of the springs or shoots of the +growth which has been cut down: + + "The lofty high wood and the lower _spring_." + Drayton's _Muses' Elysium_, 10. + + "The lesser birds that keep the lower _spring_." + _Id._, note. + +It was also used as equivalent to grove: + + "Unless it were + The nightingale among the thick-leaved _spring_." + Fletcher's _Faith. Shep._, v. 1. + +where, however, it may be the coppice. + + "This hand Sibylla's golden boughs to guard them, + Through hell and horror, to the Elysian _springs_." + Massinger's _Bondman_, ii. 1. + +In the following place Fairfax uses _spring_ to express the "salvatichi +soggiorni," i. e. _selva_ of his original: + + "But if his courage any champion move + Too try the hazard of this dreadful _spring_." + _Godf. of Bull._, xiii. 31. + +and in + + "For you alone to happy end must bring + The strong enchantments of the charmed _spring_." + _Id._, xviii. 2. + +it answers to _selva_. + +When Milton makes his Eve say-- + + "While I + In yonder _spring_ of roses intermix'd + With _myrtles_ find what to redress till noon." + _Par. Lost_, ix. 217. + +he had probably in his mind the _cespuglio_ in the first canto of the +_Orlando Furioso_; for _spring_ had not been used in the sense of thickets, +clumps, by any previous English poet. I am of opinion that _spring_ occurs +for the last time in our poetry in the following lines of Pope: + + "See thy bright altars throng'd with prostrate kings, + And heap'd with products of Sabæan _springs_." + _Messiah_, 93. + +Johnson renders the last line-- + + "Cinnameos cumulos, Nabathæi munera _veris_;" + +and this is probably the sense in which the place has generally been +understood. But let any one read the preceding quotations, and reflect on +what a diligent student Pope was of the works of his predecessors, and +perhaps he will think with me. + +THOMAS KEIGHTLEY. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES AND QUERIES ON BACON'S ESSAYS, NO. III. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 6. 80.) + +Essay IX. p. 21. (note _a_). "They used the word 'præfiscini.'" See +_e. g._, Plaut. _Asin._, ii. 4. 84. (Weise): + + "Præfiscini hoc nunc dixerim: nemo etiam me adcusavit + Merito meo." + +(Leonida boasts of his integrity.) + +Ditto, p. 22. (note _c_). "From the _Stichus_ of Plautus," ii. 1. 54. + +Ditto, p. 23. "Which has the character of Adrian the Emperor." See _Hist. +Aug. Script._, i. 149., _ut supr._ (Spartian. _Vit. Hadrian._ cap. 15.) + +Ditto p. 26. "It was well said." By whom? + +Essay X. ditto. "A poor saying of Epicurus." Where recorded? + +Ditto, p. 27. "It hath been well said, 'That the arch flatterer,'" &c. By +whom, and where? + +Ditto, ditto. "It hath been well said, 'That it is impossible,'" &c. By +whom and where? + +Ditto, ditto. "The poet's relation." Ovid. _Heroid._ xvi. 163. + +Essay XI. p. 28. "Cum non sis qui fueris," &c. Whence? + +Ditto, p 29. "Illi mors gravis incubat," &c. Seneca, _Thyest._ 401. (ed. +Lemaire), Act II. extrem. + +Ditto, p. 31. "That was anciently spoken." By whom? + +Ditto, ditto. "Tacitus of Galba." Tac. _Hist._, i. 49. + +Ditto, ditto. "Of Vespasian." Tac. _Hist._, i. 50. + +Essay XII. ditto. "Question was asked of Demosthenes." See Cic. _De Orat._, +III. 56. § 213. + +Ditto, p. 32. "Mahomet's miracle." Where recorded? + +Essay XIII. p. 33. "The desire of power," &c. Cf. Shaksp. _Hen. VIII._, +III. 2. "By that sin (ambition) fell the angels," &c. {449} + +Essay XIII. p. 33. "Busbechius." In Busbequii _Legationes Turciæ Epist. +Quatuor_ (Hanoviæ, 1605), p. 133., we find this told of "Aurifex quidam +Venetus."--N. B. In the Index (_s. v._ Canis) of an edition of the same +work, printed in London for R. Daniel (1660), _for_ 206 _read_ 106. + +Ditto, ditto (note _b_). Gibbon (_Miscellaneous Works_, iii., 544., ed. +1815) says, "B. is my old and familiar acquaintance, a frequent companion +in my post-chaise. His Latinity is eloquent, his manner is lively, his +remarks are judicious." + +Ditto, p. 34. "Nicholas Machiavel." Where? + +Ditto, p. 35. "Æsop's cock." See Phædrus, iii. 12. + +Essay XV. p. 38. "Ille etiam cæcos," &c., Virg. _Georg_. i. 464. + +Ditto, ditto. "Virgil, giving the pedigree," &c. _Æn_. iv. 178. + +Ditto, p. 39. "That kind of obedience which Tacitus speaketh of." Bacon +quotes, from memory, Tac. _Hist_., ii. 39., "Miles alacer, qui tamen jussa +ducum interpretari, quam exsequi, mallet." + +Ditto, ditto. "As Machiavel noteth well." Where? + +Ditto, p. 40. "As Tacitus expresseth it well." Where? + +Ditto, p. 41. "Lucan," i. 181. + +Ditto, ditto. "Dolendi modus, timendi non item." Whence? + +Ditto, ditto. "The Spanish proverb." What is it? Cf. "A bow long bent at +last waxeth weak;" and the Italian, "L'arco si rompe se sta troppo teso." +(Ray's _Proverbs_, p. 81., 4th edit., 1768.) + +Ditto, p. 43. "The poets feign," &c. See _Iliad_, i. 399. + +Ditto, ditto (note _y_). "The myth is related in the _Works and Days of +Hesiod_," vv. 47-99., edit. Göttling. + +Ditto, p. 44. "Sylla nescivit." Sueton. _Vit. Cæs._, 77. + +Ditto, p. 45. "Galba." Tac. _Hist_., i. 5. + +Ditto, ditto. "Probus." Bacon seems to have quoted from memory, as we find +in Vopiscus (_Hist. Aug. Script., ut supr._, vol. ii. 679. 682.), as one of +the _causæ occidendi_, "Dictum ejus grave, Si unquam eveniat salutare, +Reip. brevi milites necessarios non futuros." + +Ditto, ditto. "Tacitus saith." _Hist_., i. 28. + +P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + +(_To be continued._) + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_The Passage in King Henry VIII., Act III. Sc._ 1. (Vol. vii., pp. 5. 111. +183. 494.).--MR. INGLEBY has done perfectly right to "call me to account" +for a rash and unadvised assertion, in saying that we must interpolate +_been_ in the passage in _King Henry VIII._, Act III. Sc. 2., after _have_; +for even that would not make it intelligible. So far I stand corrected. The +passages, however that are cited, are not parallel cases. In the first we +have the word _loyalty_ to complete the sense: + + " . . . . . My loyalty, + Which ever has [been] and ever shall be growing." + +In the second, the word _deserved_ is clearly pointed out as being +understood, from the occurrence of _deserve_ after _will_: + +"I have spoken better of you than you have [deserved] or will deserve at my +hands." + +I will assist MR. INGLEBY'S position with another example from _Rich. II._, +Act V. Sc. 5.: + + " . . . . . like silly beggars, + Who sitting in the stocks, refuge their shame, + That many have [sat] and others must sit there." + +And even from a much later writer, Bolingbroke: + + "This dedication may serve for almost any book that has, is, or shall + be published." + +Where we must supply _been_ after _has_. But in the passage I attempted, +and I think successfully, to set right, admitting that custom would allow +of the ellipsis of the participle _been_, after the auxiliary _have_, to +what can "am, have, and will be" possibly refer? + + " . . . . . I do professe + That for your highness' good, I euer labour'd + More then mine owne, that am, haue, and will be." + +What? Add _true_ at the end of the line, and it mars the verse, but make +the probable correction of _true_ for _haue_, and you get excellent sense +without any ellipsis. I am as averse to interpolation or alteration of the +text, when sense can by any rational supposition be made of it, as my +opponent, or any true lover of the poet and the integrity of his language, +can possibly be; but I see nothing rational in refusing to correct an +almost self-evident misprint, which would redeem a fine passage that +otherwise must always remain a stumbling-block to the most intelligent +reader. We have all I trust but one object, _i. e._ to free the text of our +great poet from obvious errors occasioned by extremely incorrect printing +in the folios, and at the same time to strictly watch over all attempts at +its corruption by unnecessary meddling. This, and not the displaying of our +own ingenuity in conjectures, ought to be our almost sacred duty; at least, +I feel conscious that it is mine. + +S. W. SINGER. + + "That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain." + _Hamlet_. + +The notable quotation of this line by the Earl of Derby, in the Lords, on +Monday evening, April 25, has once more reminded me of my unanswered Query +respecting it, Vol. vi., p. 270. + +On the 26th February (Vol. vii., p. 217.) MR. COLLIER was good enough to +say, that his only {450} reason for not answering it was, that he had not +then within his reach the copy of "N. & Q." wherein it had been proposed; +politely adding, that if I would reprint the Query, he would at once answer +it. + +Supposing, however, that MR. COLLIER'S absence from his library would be +only temporary, I deemed it less troublesome to the Editor of "N. & Q." to +wait until MR. COLLIER could refer to the Query, as already printed. + +Two months have since elapsed, and I now no longer hesitate to ask the +Editor for an opportunity of again referring to it, trusting that a +sufficient excuse will be found in the importance of the subject, as +affecting the fundamental sense of a passage in Shakspeare. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + +_Mr. J. Payne Collier's "Notes and Emendations."_--There can be no doubt +that many of these emendations are rational and judicious; but I cannot +help thinking, _on the whole_, that MR. COLLIER has rather overrated their +value, and placed too implicit faith in the infallibility of his unknown +guide. At all events, there is not a shadow of authority given for any one +of the corrections, and we have therefore a full right to try them, as the +lawyers would say, "upon the merits;" or, in other words, to treat them as +mere speculative alterations, and to adopt or reject them, as may appear +advisable in each particular case. It is difficult to conjecture what can +have been the position in life, or the occupation of this mysterious +annotator. That his pursuits were not purely literary, I think is plain: +first, from the very circumstance of his not authenticating any of his +notes, which a literary inquirer would certainly have done; and, secondly, +from the very minute attention which is paid to the _business_ of the scene +and the movements of the actors. These considerations, coupled with the +fact of his frequently striking out whole passages of the text (which a +literary enthusiast would _not_ have done), would at first lead us to +suppose that the writer was a theatrical manager, and that the alterations +were made to suit either the fancies, or perhaps the peculiar +qualifications of certain performers. But in this case one can hardly +suppose that the remarks would have extended to more than a certain number +of plays, which were most frequently acted. Thus much, however, appears +certain, that the commentaries are rather those of an _habitual play-goer_, +than of a studious critic; and it will be easy to show that a great portion +of the new readings he proposes are really changes _for the worse_, while a +still larger number are at least unnecessary! I shall content myself with +only a few instances, on this occasion, as I am unwilling to encroach too +far on your space; but I can easily multiply them, if I am encouraged to +renew the subject. + +In the first place, I differ from MR. COLLIER entirely as to the famous +passage from _Henry VIII._, p. 324., which he brings so prominently forward +as to give it special notice in his Introduction. To me, I confess, the +phrase-- + + "To steal from spiritual _labour_ a brief span," + +appears quite tame and poor in comparison with + + "To steal from spiritual _leisure_ a brief span," + +and, moreover, destroys all the poetry of the thought. Nor can I see the +slightest difficulty in the _sense_ of the original passage. The king means +to say that Wolsey cannot steal from the _little leisure_ afforded him by +his spiritual labours "a brief span, to keep his earthly audit:" and surely +this is much more poetical than the substituted passage. + +In p. 323., from the same play, we have-- + + "to the sharp'st _kind_ of justice," + +transformed to "sharp'st _knife_ of justice:" but I cannot assent to this +change. The obvious meaning of the poet is, that the contempt of the world, +"_shutting all doors_" against the accused, is a sharper _kind_ of justice +than any which the law could inflict: but, to be given up to "the sharp'st +_knife_ of justice" could only mean, being consigned to the public +executioner,--which was just what Katherine was deprecating. + +In p. 325. the lines relating to Wolsey's foundations at Ipswich and Oxford +are printed thus in the folio-- + + "one of which fell with him, + Unwilling to outlive the good that did it:" + +that is, unwilling to outlive the virtues which prompted it,--a passage +teeming with poetical feeling: but the commentator has ruthlessly altered +it to-- + + "Unwilling to outlive the _good man_ did it;" + +which, I submit, not only destroys all the poetry, but is decidedly _not +English!_ + +The next passage I would notice is from _Much Ado about Nothing_, p. 76. +How, I would ask, can the phrase-- + + "And sorrow wag," + +be a misprint for "call sorrow joy?" No compositor, or scribe either, could +possibly be misled by any sound from the "reader" into such a mistake as +that! The words "and sorrow wag," I admit, are not sense; but the +substitution of "call sorrow joy" strikes me as bald and common-place in +the extreme, and there is no pretence for its having any authority. If, +then, we are to have a mere fanciful emendation, why not "bid sorrow wag?" +This would be doing far less violence to the printed text, for it would +only require the alteration of two letters in the word "and;" while it +would preserve the Shakspearian character of the passage. "Wag" is a +favourite expression in {451} the comedies of the Bard, and occurs +repeatedly in his works. The passage would then run thus-- + + "If such a one will smile and stroke his beard, + _Bid sorrow wag_--cry hem! when he should groan." + +In p. 73. we find-- + + "Soul-tainted flesh," &c. + +substituted for "_foul_ tainted flesh;" and we are told that the critics +have been all wrong, who supposed that Shakspeare intended any "metaphor +from the kitchen!" If so, what meaning can be attached to the line-- + + "And salt too little which may season give?" + +If that is not a metaphor from the kitchen, I know not what could be? I +still believe that "foul tainted flesh" is the correct reading. The +expression "_soul_-tainted flesh" is not intelligible. It should rather be +"_soul-tainting_ flesh." The _soul_ may be tainted by the _flesh_: but how +the _flesh_ can be _soul-tainted_, I cannot understand. + +Turning further back, to p. 69., we find it asserted, quite dogmatically, +that the word "truths" of the folios ought to be "proofs;" but no reason +whatever is offered for the change. I cannot help thinking that "seeming +_truths_" is much the most poetical expression, while in "seeming _proofs_" +there is something like redundancy,--to say nothing of the phrase being +infinitely more common-place! + +In the play of the _Tempest_, p. 4., the beautiful passage-- + + "he being thus _lorded_ + Not only with what my revenue yielded," &c., + +is degraded into "he being thus _loaded_," &c. Can there be a moment's +doubt that "lorded" was the word used by Shakspeare? It is completely in +his style, which was on all occasions to coin verbs out of substantives, if +he could. "He being thus _lorded_," i. e. _ennobled_ "with what my revenue +yielded," is surely a far superior expression to "being thus _loaded_,"--as +if the poet were speaking of a costermonger's donkey! + +Again, in p. 10.: + + "Wherefore _this_ ghastly looking?" + +or, this ghastly appearance? Who will venture to say, that the substitution +of "_thus ghastly_ looking" is not decidedly a change for the worse? + +In the Merchant of Venice, p. 118.: + + "and leave itself _unfurnished_," + +is altered to "leave itself _unfinished_!" I confess I cannot see the +slightest warrant for this change. The words-- + + "having made one, + Methinks IT should have power to steal _both his_," + +distinctly show that the author was alluding to the _eye_ only, and not to +the _portrait_ and how could the eye (already _made_) describe itself as +_unfinished_? Surely the sense is _unfurnished_, that is, _unfurnished_ +with its companion, or probably with the other accessories required to +complete the portrait. + +P. 119. has the line-- + + "And swearing 'til my very _roof_ was dry," + +transmogrified into-- + + "And swearing 'til my very _tongue_ was dry." + +Now, why "this lame and impotent conclusion?" What can be a more common +expression than the "roof of the mouth?" and it is just the part which is +most affected by a sensation of dryness and pricking, after any excitement +in speaking, whereas the _tongue_ is not the member that suffers! + +In _As You Like It_, p. 127., in the line-- + + "Mistress dispatch you with your _safest haste_," + +the last two words are made "fastest haste," which, to say the least, are +tautology, and are like talking, of the "highest height", or the the +"deepest depth!" Surely, the original form of words, "Dispatch you with +your _safest haste_;" that is, with as much haste as is consistent with +your personal safety--is much more dignified and polished address from the +duke to a _lady_, and at the same time more poetical! + +In p. 129., + + "The constant _service_ of the antique world," + +is converted into + + "The constant _favour_ of the antique world:" + +in which line I cannot discover any sense. If I might hazard a guess, I +should suggest that the error is in the _second_ word, "service," and that +it ought to be "servants:" + + "When _servants_ sweat for duty, not for meed." + +In the _Taming of the Shrew_, p. 143., the substitution of "_Warwickshire_ +ale" for "sheer ale" strikes me as very far-fetched, and wholly +unnecessary. There is no defect of sense in the term "_sheer_ ale." Sly +means to say, he was "fourteen pence on the score for ale alone:" just as +one speaks of "sheer nonsense," _i. e._ nothing but nonsense, "sheer +buffoonery," "sheer malice," &c. Why should Sly talk of being in debt for +_Warwickshire_ ale at Wincot? If he kind been drinking ale from +Staffordshire, or Derbyshire, or Kent, he might possibly have named the +county it came from; but to talk of _Warwickshire_ ale within a few miles +of Stratford-on-Avon seems absurd. It is as if a man came from Barclay and +Perkins's, and talked of having been drinking "_London_ porter." + +In p. 144., I submit, with great deference, that turning "Aristotle's +checks" into "Aristotle's ethics" is the very reverse of an improvement. +What can be more intelligible than the line-- + + "And so devote to Aristotle's _checks_;" + +that is, to the checks which Aristotle's rules impose upon profligacy? The +idea is more poetical, {452} and the line runs more smoothly; while the +altered line is prosaic in comparison, and the metre is not correct. + +My dwindling space warns me that I must very soon pause; but these examples +can be extended _ad infinitum_, should another opportunity be afforded me. + +The instances of alterations simply _unnecessary_ are too numerous to be +recorded here. I have already a list of forty odd, selected from only eight +plays. + +CECIL HARBOTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Local Rhymes, Norfolk._-- + + "Halvergate hares, Reedham rats, + Southwood swine, and Cantley cats; + Acle asses, Moulton mules, + Beighton bears, and Freethorpe fools." + +Z. E. R. + +"_Hobson's Choice._"--I, the other day, in a paper of 1737, came upon the +inclosed, if of interest sufficient for insertion in "N. & Q.:" + + "Upon the mention of Mr. Freeman being appointed one of the four horse + carriers to the university of Cambridge, we had the following + paragraph:--'This was the office that _old Hobson_ enjoyed, in which he + acquired so large a fortune as enabled him to leave the town that + ever-memorable legacy the conduit, that stands on the Market Hill, with + an estate to keep it perpetually in repair. The same person gave rise + to the well-known adage, 'Hobson's choice--this or none;' founded upon + his management in business. He used to keep, it seems, hackney horses, + that he let out to young gentlemen of the university, with whose + characters being well acquainted, he suited his beast to its rider, who + upon a dislike was sure to receive that answer from him, 'This or + none.'" + +J. W. G. G. + +_Khond Fable._--The following is a free version of a fable current among +the Khonds of Oriosa, of whom a very interesting account is given by +Captain Macpherson in the _Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society_ for 1852: + + "A mosquito was seated on the horn of a bull, and fearing that his + weight might be oppressive to the quadruped, he politely accosted him, + begging that, if he felt any inconvenience, he would mention it, and + professing himself ready, in that case, to remove to some other + position. The bull replied, 'O mosquito, so far are you from oppressing + me with your weight, that I was not even aware of your existence.'" + +The moral of this is common enough, but is the fable found elsewhere in a +similar _form_? + +J. C. R. + +_Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart._--As those who have read the deeply +interesting memoirs of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton are aware, he was placed at +a school in Donnybrook in the year 1802, and shortly after "entered" the +University of Dublin. His success in that seat of learning, where able +competitors were many in number, was brilliant; for "on the 14th of April +in the same year [1807], he received his thirteenth premium, and also the +highest honour of the university,--the gold medal. With these distinctions, +and the four silver medals from the Historical Society, he prepared to +return to England." In fact, so high did his character stand, that a +proposal was made to him by the electors (which, however, he deemed it +prudent to decline) to come forward as a candidate for the representation +of the university in the imperial parliament, and good grounds were given +him to expect a triumphant return. + +Now, this man was doubtless an honour to the "silent(?) sister" in Ireland; +and, as an Irishman, I feel some little degree of pride in our having +educated him so well for his subsequent career. With surprise, then, do I +find, on referring to the _Dublin University Calendar_ for the present +year, the name of a "Mr. _John Powell_ Buxton" in the list of gold +medallists. The editor appears to be sadly ignorant of the proper person, +and cannot lay the blunder at the printer's door, having very unaccountably +repeated it from year to year. I have taken the trouble of examining many +volumes of the _Calendar_. + +ABHBA + +_Anagrams._--I beg to forward the following: + + "Antonius B. Magliabechius" + +(He was the librarian at Florence, about the end of the sixteenth century). +This name makes-- + + "Is unus Bibliotheca magna." + +In the poems of some Jesuit father (Bacchusius, I think) the following +rather offensive one is mentioned, on the celebrated father Costerus: + + "Petrus Costerus Jesuita!" + +_i. e._ + + "Vere tu es asinus: ita!" + +PHILOBIBLION. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +SEAL OF WILLIAM D'ALBINI. + +A few years since there was published a _History of the Parish of +Attleburgh, in Norfolk_, by the then rector, Dr. Barrett. It is a very +handsome volume in quarto, and reflects great credit upon the learning and +taste of the reverend editor. + +What I wish more particularly to allude to is an engraving of the seal of +William de Albini, who was called "William with the Strong Hand;" of whom +Dugdale records, that having distinguished himself at a tournament +appointed by a queen of France, then a widow, she became so enamoured of +him that she offered him marriage. But he, having plighted his troth to +Adeliza, widow to {453} King Henry I. of England, refused her. In revenge +for this refusal, the queen of France inveigled him into a den in the +garden, where was a fierce lion. Being in this danger, he rolled his mantle +about his arm, and putting his hand into the mouth of the beast, pulled out +his tongue by the root; followed the queen to her palace, and gave it to +one of her maids to present to her. Returning to England with the fame of +this glorious exploit, he was forthwith advanced to the earldom of Arundel, +and for his arms the lion given him. + +Amongst the many illustrations in Dr. Barrett's book is the seal of this +William de Albini, representing a knight on horseback, in the usual style +of such knightly seals; but in front of the knight is a young lion, and +under the feet of the horse some sort of animal of the lizard kind. + +In elucidation of this seal, there is a long and elaborate note, with +remarks by Mr. Hawkins of the British Museum, with a view of showing that +the device on this seal alludes to the story of his combat with the lion. + +The attempt to establish this point appears to me amusing; for there seems +nothing on the face of the seal different from the usual seals of royal and +knightly rank in ancient times. + +It strikes me, that the true interpretation of this device, and the +introduction of the lion and the lizard-like animal under the horse's feet, +may be found in the 13th verse of Psalm xci.: + + "Thou shalt go upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon + shalt thou tread under thy feet." + +I should like to learn from some of your correspondents, whether this +Psalm, or this portion of it, was used in the solemnities attendant on the +installation of a knight, which would tend much to confirm my conjecture. + +SENEX. + + * * * * * + + +FORMS OF JUDICIAL OATH. + +The forms of an oath are different among different denominations of +Christians. The Roman Catholics of the Continent swear by raising the hand; +the Scotch Presbyterians follow the same practice. The Protestants of the +Church of England are sworn on the Gospels; so also are the Irish Roman +Catholics. The Quakers reject every form of oath, and confine themselves to +a simple affirmation. Upon these points I beg leave to submit the following +Queries. + +1. What form of judicial oath was first sanctioned by the professors of +Christianity as a body? It is stated in Haydn's _Dictionary of Dates_, that +"oaths were taken on the Gospels so early as A.D. 528." How were they taken +before then? + +2. Did the practice of swearing on the Gospels prevail in England before +the Reformation? If not, at what period was it introduced? + +3. When was that form of oath first adopted by the Irish; and was its +adoption a voluntary proceeding on their part, or enforced by legislative +enactment? + +4. Was the practice of raising the hand in use in Scotland before the +Reformation? + +5. At what period was the latter form adopted by the Continental +Christians, in lieu of the more solemn oath on the Gospels? + +6. Are there now, or have there been at any former period, any forms of +judicial oath in use among Christians, other than the forms above +mentioned? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Passage in Boerhaave._--Will any of our readers kindly oblige me by the +_exact word_ of a passage in Boerhaave, of which I cite the following from +memory?-- + + "The only malady inherent in the human frame, is the decay of old age." + +A FOREIGN SURGEON. + +7. Charlotte Street, Bedford Square. + +_Story of Ezzelin._--Where is the story to be found from which Fuseli +derived the subject for his remarkable picture of Ezzelin (Braccioferro) +musing over the body of Meduna? It was engraved by J. R. Smith, and +published by Jas. Birchel, 473. Strand, May, 1781. What has become of the +original picture? + +J. SANSOM. + +_The Duke._--Can any of your readers tell me whether Sir Arthur Wellesley's +speech in the House of Commons upon Mr. Paull's charge against his brother, +was the first he made in Parliament? + +ROBERT J. ALLEN. + +Oxford. + +_General Sir Dennis Pack._--This gallant officer, who, in command of the +light division of the Duke's army, distinguished himself in nearly every +battle of the Peninsula, and finally at Waterloo, was descended from a +younger son of Simon, son of Sir Christopher Pack, Alderman and Lord Mayor +of London. The family was originally from Leicestershire. Sir Christopher, +having advanced money for the reduction of the Irish rebels of 1641, +received a grant of land in the county of Westmeath; and his younger son, +Simon, settled in Ireland about that period. From this Simon descended +Thomas Pack, Esq., of Ballinakill in the Queen's County, grandfather of Sir +Dennis Pack. + +As I have in the press a _History of the Cathedral of St. Canice_, +Kilkenny, which latter contains a monument and a fine bust of Sir Dennis +Pack by Chantrey, and of which his father the Rev. Thomas {454} Pack, D.D., +was dean, any information which will enable me to complete the pedigree +between Simon Pack and the above-named Thomas will be thankfully received. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +_Haveringemere._--Gervase of Tilbury, in the 4th book of his _Otia +Imperialia_, sect. 88., mentions a certain pond or mere lying near the +confines of Wales, and named Haveringemere, of which the peculiarity is, +that if a person passing over it in a boat utters, in a loud voice, certain +opprobrious words, a commotion arises in the waters and sinks the boat. The +words, as printed in the edition of Leibnitz (Leibnitii _Scriptores +Brunsvicenses_, tom. i. p. 990.), are "_Prout haveringemere_ aut +_allethophe cunthefere_;" which he explains to mean, "_Phrut_ tibi, mare, +et omnibus qui te transfretant." He adds with great simplicity: "Et satis +mirandum, quod aquæ hujus modi concipiunt indignationes." It is plain that +we ought to read, "Phrut Haveringemere, and alle thai that on thee fere" +(_i. e._ ferry). _Phrut_ or _prut_ is a word of contempt, of which Mr. +Halliwell gives an instance, _s. v._ Prut, from an Harleian MS.: "And seyth +_prut_ for thy cursing prest." Is anything known of this mere at the +present day, and is there any remnant of this old superstition? Gervase +wrote his book anno 1211. + +C. W. G. + +_Old Pictures of the Spanish Armada._--At Beddington Hall, famous for its +fine banqueting-hall, in which Queen Elizabeth feasted, I have heard that +there used to be one or more pictures of the Spanish Armada, presented by +Elizabeth herself to the family resident there. Can any reader of "N. & Q." +inform me whether these pictures (if more than one) are still in existence: +if so, where they are, and whether they are to be seen? A large gilt lock, +also presented by Queen Elizabeth, still remains on one of the doors of the +said banqueting-hall. + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + +_Bell Inscription._--The following inscription occurs on two bells formerly +belonging to St. Sepulchre's Church, Cambridge. I should be glad of an +explanation: + + "[DE] + [PVRI] SANTI EDMONDVS STEFANVS TOMMI ME FECIT [WL] 1576." + +C. W. G. + +_Loselerius Villerius, &c._--I wish to know who was Loselerius Villerius, +who edited an edition of the Greek Testament, with the Vulgate and Beza's +Latin version (I think) in parallel columns. This edition seems to have +been successful, as I have a copy of the third edition. The title-page of +my copy is missing, but the dedication to Henry Earl of Huntingdon is dated +"London, vi cal. Nov. 1573." Any information about Loselerius would be +acceptable. I should also be glad to know whether the edition is considered +at all valuable. + +Whilst upon this subject, let me ask whether there is any list of editions +of the Bible that can be looked upon as in any way complete? I have had +occasion to refer to the Duke of Sussex's catalogue, but have there been +unable to find all that I required. There is, for instance, in a friend's +possession, a Bible which his family traditions maintain to be of great +rarity. I find it catalogued nowhere, and should be glad to know if it is +really so great a curiosity. It is a fine folio, profusely illustrated. I +subjoin a copy of the title-page: + + "The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, &c., with most + profitable Annotations on all the hard Places, and other Things of + great Importance; which Notes have never before been set forth with + this new Translation, but are now placed in due order, with great Care + and Industry. A Amsterdam, printed for Stephen Swart, at the Crowned + Bible, on the West Side of the Exchange. 1679." + +S. A. S. + +Bridgewater. + +_The Vinegar Plant._--Is it indigenous or imported? Some botanists and +_savans_ who have examined the subject take the former view. I should be +inclined to take the latter, for the following among other reasons:--First, +because it is known that many specimens of it _have been so introduced_ +from various quarters. Secondly, because in all the attempts to produce it +that I have heard of, including some experiments made by myself, in no +instance has a specimen been procured by means of any of the moulds that +are of spontaneous growth in this country, which has entirely resembled the +vinegar plant, or which has been so efficient in the production of vinegar. +Thirdly, because in tropical and warm climates abnormal variations of +vegetable productions are much more likely to originate, and to become +naturalised, than in this country. If imported, perhaps some of your +correspondents could say where it was originally brought from. + +FRITZ. + +_Westminster Parishes._--What are the names of the respective parishes in +the city of Westminster in 1630; how far back do their records extend; and +what charge would be made for a search in them? I wish to trace a family +whose ancestor was born in that city, but in what parish I am ignorant. +Were any churches in _Westminster_, as distinguished from _London_, +destroyed in the Great Fire? + +Y. S. M + +Dublin. + +_Harley Family._--Can any reader of your invaluable miscellany give an +account of Thomas Harley, citizen of London, who died in the year 1670, +ætat. fifty-six? The Thomas Harley referred to possessed good estate in the +county of Leicester, {455} particularly at Osgathorpe, Walton-on-Wolds, +Snibston, and Heather. He founded a hospital at Osgathorpe, and endowed the +same at 60l. for the maintenance and support of six clergymen's widows. +Moreover he also erected a free-school, which he endowed with 60l. a year. +He married Mary, widow of William Kemp, citizen of London. His daughter, +and sole heiress, married into the family of Bainbrigge of Lockington Hall, +county of Leicester; which alliance carried with it the estate of Thomas +Harley into that family. + +The arms of Thomas Harley are: Crest, a lion's head rampant; shield, Or, +bend cotized sable. + +Is the foregoing family a branch of that of Herefordshire, now ennobled; or +does it come down from one of the name anterior to the time when such +earldom was made patent, viz. from Sir Richard Harley, 28 Edward I.: whose +armorial bearings, according to one annalist, is mentioned as _Or, bend +cotized sable_? + +Brian de Harley, son of Sir Robert Harley, in the reign of Henry IV., +changed his crest; which was a buck's head proper, to a lion rampant, +gules, issuing out of a tower, triple towered proper. + +ALDRORANDUS. + +Leicester. + +_Lord Cliff._--In 1645, James Howell published his _Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ_; +amongst the letters was one on Wines, addressed to the Right Hon. Lord +Cliff. Who was he? The letter is dated Oct. 7, 1634. + +Y. S. M + +Dublin. + +_Enough._--Was this word always pronounced as at present, _enuf_? I am +inclined to think not; for Waller, in his poem "On a War with Spain," +rhymes it with _bough_: + + "Let the brave generals divide that bough, + Our great Protector hath such wreaths _enough_." + +And again, in his "Answer to Sir John Suckling's Verses," he couples it +with _plough_, in those anti-Malthusian lines: + + "The world is of a large extent we see, + And must be peopled: children there must be!-- + So must bread too; but since there are _enough_ + Born to that drudgery, what need we plough?" + +When did the change of pronunciation take place? Perhaps some reader of "N. +& Q." can also give the etymology of the word. + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + +_Archbishop Magee._--In a committee of the House of Lords, 1825, Lord +Holland asked Archbishop Magee: "Does your grace really think that there is +any person capable of holding such a monstrous opinion, as that the Roman +Catholic religion is idolatrous?" The Archbishop calmly fixed his eyes on +Lord Holland's countenance, and replied "My Lord, _some have sworn to +it_."--I only quote so much of the anecdote (which your readers will find +in Archbishop Magee's _Works_, vol. i. p. 67., 1842) as my purpose +requires. + +As reported in _The Times_, on April 18, 1853, Lord Lansdown, speaking of +an old committee in the House of Lords, said: + + "During those two days, a right reverend prelate was examined; and he + was required to state upon oath whether the Creed of St. Athanasius was + necessary to salvation. The reply was, 'He would not say whether it was + that, but a great many persons had sworn that it was.'" + +Some correspondent may be able to state whether these two extracts pertain +or not to one and the same occurrence, and which is the true version. + +INDAGATOR. + +_Carpets at Rome._--In a cutting from a newspaper or periodical, apparently +of the year 1790, narrating an accident that happened to Lady Augusta +Clavering, daughter of the Duke of Argyle (whilst staying at Rome) by her +muslin dress catching fire, it is said: + + "Fortunately, the gentlemen did not lose their presence of mind; and + there happening to be a carpet in the room, _a thing very uncommon in + that that country_, they covered her with it," &c. + +Can any of your readers oblige me by informing me whether it is a fact, +that the luxury of a carpet was _very uncommon_ at Rome at the period +referred to; and when carpets were first introduced at Rome? + +L. A. M. + +Great Yarmouth. + +_Nursery Rhymes._--Can you or any of your correspondents tell me where I +shall find an account of the origin of our common nursery rhymes? Is there +not reason to believe that many of them are of great antiquity? + +L. + +Oxford. + +_Gloves at Fairs._--I think that I have read that at some large fair it was +customary to hang out on the town-hall a large gilt glove, as a token of +freedom from arrest for debt during the period that the fair lasted. Can +any of your correspondents inform me if such was the case, and where? In +Halliwell's _Dictionary_, "hoisting the glove" is said to be practised at +Lammas Fair, in Devonshire: but why? In the east of England certain village +fairs are called _Gants_,--Mattishall Gant, &c. Forby derives this from +A.-S. _gan_, to go; but may it not have some reference to the French +_gants_, gloves? + +E. G. R. + +_Mr. Caryl or Caryll._--Every one knows that the _Rape of the Lock_ was +written at the request of _Mr. Caryl_, stated by Pope to have been private +secretary to James II.'s queen before the {456} Revolution. It also appears +in the Prolegomena to the _Life of James_, that two royal warrants issued +at St. Germains by the abdicated monarch and his son the Pretender in 1701 +and 1707, are counter-signed _Caryll_ as Secretary of State. Is there any +doubt that this is the same person; and if not, is there any account of +when and on what terms he returned to England? where he must have been +again domiciled in 1711, and some years after, during which period he +corresponded with Pope. His family was settled near East Grinstead, in +Sussex. + +C. + +_Early Reaping-machines._--Have the former Numbers of "N. & Q." contained +an account of the invention of a reaping-machine in the last century, +similar in design and construction to the one lately invented in America? A +friend of mine has in his possession a work, entitled _The Complete Farmer, +or a General Dictionary of Husbandry_; containing the various methods of +improving the land, &c., together with great variety of new discoveries and +improvements, the 4th edition, by a society of gentlemen. There is no date +on the title-page; but from internal evidence, I am led to think that the +work was not published before 1780. If it be thought desirable, I shall be +happy to send an extract from the work, giving an account of the machine, +or, if drawings be admitted into the pages of "N. & Q.," the work might be +sent to the Editor. + +H. D. W. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_Diary of a Self-Observer._"-- + +"Augustine's _Confessions_ may be in some degree compared with the _Private +Diary of a Self-Observer_ (_Geheimes Tagebuch von einem Beobachter seiner +selbst_) which has in our own days been read with so great eagerness and +sympathy. Not as if the celebrated author of the latter work did not in +many ways deserve a preference above the African bishop," &c.--Schröckh's +_Kirchengeschichte_, xv. 376.: Leipzig, 1790. + +What is the book here meant, and by whom was it written? + +J. C. R. + + [This _Diary_ is by the celebrated John Caspar Lavater, author of + _Essays on Physiognomy_. In 1769 he commenced it under the title of + _Secret Journal of a Self-Observer_. In the following year it fell into + the hands of a stranger, and from him it was transmitted to Zollikofer, + with such alterations, however, as to conceal the real author. + Zollikofer, thinking that it contained much useful matter, had it + printed; and among others, sent a copy of it to his friend Lavater, who + was beyond measure astonished at the sight. However, as it was now + before the world in a somewhat disfigured state, Lavater edited it with + the necessary alterations, and with an additional volume: Leipsic, 1771 + and 1773. In 1795, the German original was translated into English by + the Rev. Peter Will, of the Reformed German Chapel in the Savoy, in two + vols. 8vo. Prefixed to the second volume is a letter from Lavater to + the editor, with the editor's reply. See Chalmers's _Biographical + Dictionary, s. v._, and Heisch's _Memoirs of John Caspar Lavater_, pp. + 58-60.] + +_Jockey._--Mr. Borrow, in his Introduction to _The Gypsies of Spain_, says: + + "The English gypsies are constant attendants at the race-course. What + jockey is not? Perhaps jockeyism originated with them, and even racing, + at least in England. Jockeyism properly implies _the management of a + whip_; and the word _jockey_ is neither more nor less than the term, + slightly modified, by which they designate the formidable whip which + they usually carry, at present in general use amongst horse-traffickers + under the title of jockey-whips." + +Can any of your correspondents give the derivation of _jockey_? + +Q. Q. + + [Most etymologists derive it from _Jackey_, a diminutive of the Scotch + term _Jock_, or _Jack_, John: primarily, a boy that rides horses.] + +_Boyle Lectures._--In that valuable and well-executed work, now publishing +by Darling of Great Queen Street, called the _Cyclopædia Bibliographica_, a +list of the preachers of the Boyle Lecture is given. The list is very +nearly complete, the preachers during the following years only being marked +"Unknown:"--1729, 1733-5, 1746, 1753-5, 1764-5. With these few omissions, +the names of preachers from 1692 to 1807 are given without exception. Will +some of your correspondents kindly supply the hiatus above referred to? +Possibly the lectures for those years were not printed, as was the case +very frequently (see columns 405. 406. _Cyc. Bibl._)--so there may be some +slight difficulty in identifying the preachers. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + [The same omissions occur in the _Oxford Catalogue_, 1837, so that it + is a probable conjecture they were never printed.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +THE DISCOVERY AND RECOVERY OF MSS. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 161. 261. 340.; Vol. iv., p. 282.; Vol. vii., p. 354.) + +I am glad to see that a subject to which I have at various times attempted +to turn public attention, has at least been responded to by one voice. When +the "N. & Q." was first established, I felt that there was now at least one +place where it was possible to print historical documents of various kinds, +and no one can deny that at various times very interesting and important +papers have been made publicly available, which might otherwise have +escaped notice. I may instance a very interesting account of the inquest on +Chatterton, which I have myself, in a sketch of that ill-fated {457} +youth's fate, been the first to make use of for biographical purposes. + +It is still my conviction that at some time or other an association for +such purposes will be formed, and I must attain earnestly entreat those +persons whose position would command assistance, and whose learning and +opportunities would aid the cause I am advocating, to give some sign of +their favourable intention toward such a scheme. I must once more place +this very important matter before the eyes of the public; I trust that my +appeal may not be in vain. + +See how in other cases, when something offers itself promising amusement +and instruction, societies can be formed and spring into life and activity +at once. For instance, I might adduce the beautiful and useful processes of +photography; within the short space of a few months the art has been +brought to a high decree of excellence: a Photographical Institute is, I +believe, now in active working, there is a photographical journal, besides +the continued and unwearying co-operation of "N. & Q." itself. Why may not +historical documents have something of the same sort? For a slight sum (but +a few shillings a year), if the reading public were willing, such a society +might be founded, and many invaluable documents of every description placed +where they would be available for the historian, for the archæologist, for +the editor, and for the general inquirer. + +Let me hope that something may be proposed; I have myself hunted through +dusty MS. folios, quartos, duodecimos innumerable, and my investigations +have not been wholly useless. + +If there be any who look with a favourable eye upon these hints, I shall be +glad to hear from them. + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + +68. Mortimer Street. + + * * * * * + + +"THE WHIPPIAD." + +(Vol. vii., pp. 393. 417.) + +Perhaps a few lines from a fellow-collegian of Reginald Heber, during his +last years of residence at Brazenoze College, may throw light on this +discussion. + +My contemporary MS. copy of _The Whippiad_ contains Heber's _own notes_, +additional ones by myself, explanatory of places and persons mentioned, +autographs of the latter, and Blackwood's printed copy (the subject of +inquiry), No. 333., July, 1843. + +The _notes_ subjoined to Blackwood's printed copy are _Heber's notes_, +varying only from my MS. copy in immaterial points. + +As to the _epigram_ mentioned in p. 417., the two first stanzas were by +Heber, and written (as I think) after his election to All Souls. The third +was attributed to Mr. Wilson, the learned High Master of Clithero School. + +Very many _jeux d'esprit_ by Heber, relative to convivialities and passing +events in Brazenoze and All Souls, live in the memory and MSS. of his +surviving friends; but their amiable author would doubtless have wished +them to be forgotten, with the subjects to which they related. The +forbearance of Mr. Halliwell made him vainly anxious for the suppression of +_The Whippiad_. + +I subjoin from Heber's autograph a Song for a Bow Meeting, near St. Asaph, +in or about 1808. It has an airy freshness, and is (as I believe) +unpublished. + +LANCASTRIENSIS. + + I. + + The Soldier loves the laurel bright, + The Bard the myrtle bough, + And smooth shillalas yield delight + To many an Irish brow. + The Fisher trims the hazel wand, + The Crab may tame a shrew, + The Birch becomes the pedant's hand, + But Bows are made of yew. + + CHORUS. + + The yew, the yew, the hardy yew! + Still greenly may it grow, + And health and fun + Have everyone + That loves the British Bow. + + II. + + 'Tis sweet to sit by Beauty's side + Beneath the hawthorn shade; + But Beauty is more beautiful + In green and buff array'd. + More radiant are her laughing eyes, + Her cheeks of ruddier glow, + As, hoping for the envied prize, + She twangs the Cambrian bow. + + The yew, the yew, &c. + + III. + + The Fop may curl his Brutus wig, + And sandy whiskers stain, + And fold his cravat broad and big; + But all his arts are vain. + His nankeen trowsers we despise, + Unfit for rain or dew, + And, pinch'd in stays, he vainly tries + His strength against the yew. + + The yew, the yew, &c. + + IV. + + The heiress, once, of Bowdale Hall, + A lovely lass, I knew-- + A Dandy paid his morning call, + All dizen'd out to woo. + I heard his suit the Coxcomb ply; + I heard her answer--"No;" + A true love knot he ne'er could tie, + Who could not bend a bow. + + The yew, the yew, &c. + +{458} + + * * * * * + + +SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION. + +(Vol. vii., p. 286.) + +Leaving the philosophy of this question for the _savans_, I beg to add the +following to the alleged cases already referred to. Dr. Lindsley has +compiled a table of nineteen instances, from the _Dictionnaire de +Médecine_,--not, however, of _spontaneous_ combustion exactly, but of +something akin to it; namely, the rapid ignition of the human body (which +_per se_ is not combustible) by contact with flame, as a consequence of the +saturation of its tissues by alcohol: + +=========================================================================== +| Date of Occurrence | Age of Individual. | | | +==================| | ======================= | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +|No| Works in | | |Extent of |Immediate| Habit |Situation | +| | which | | | the | Cause | of | of the | +| | they are | | |Combustion.| when | Life. | Remains, | +| | reported. | | | | Known. | | &c. | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | By Whom. | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +=========================================================================== +| | Actes de | | | The whole | | | | +| | Copenhague | | | body, | | | | +| | | | | except | | | | +| | | | | the skull | | Abuse of | Upon a | +| 1| |1692| -- | and last | -- |spirits for | chair. | +| | | | | joints of | |three years | | +| | | | | the | | | | +| | Jacobeus | | | fingers | | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Annual | | | Except | |Indulged in | | +| | Register | | |the skull, |Took fire| frequent | | +| | | | | a part of | through |fomentations| Upon the | +| 2| |1763| 62 | the face, | sitting | of | floor. | +| | Blanchin de | | | and three | near a |camphorated | | +| | Verone | | | fingers | lamp | spirits | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Ibid. | | | | A light | | | +| | | | | Except | upon a | |Upon the | +| 3| | -- | 50 | thigh and | chair |Took a pint |floor near| +| | | | | one leg |near the |of rum daily| the bed. | +| | Wilmer | | | | bed | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| 4| Ency. Method.| -- | 50 | Except a | -- | Habitually | | +| | -- | | | few bones | | drunken | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Acta Medica | | | Except the| | She drank | | +| 5| | -- | -- | skull and | -- | brandy as | | +| | | | | fingers | | her only | | +| | -- | | | | | drink | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Mem. on | | | Except a | A pipe | | | +| | Spon. Com. | | | part of |which she| |Near the | +| 6| |1744| 60 | the head | was | A drunkard | chimney. | +| | Lecat | | | and limbs | smoking | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Ibid. | | | | | Habitually | Upon the | +| 7| |1745| -- | Ibid. | A fire | drunken | hearth. | +| | Ibid. | | | | | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Ibid. | | | | | |Sitting on| +| | | | | A charred | Fire of |Drank brandy| a chair | +| 8| |1749| 80 | skeleton | the | only for | near the | +| | Ibid. | | | only left | hearth | many years | fire. | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Jour. de | | | Except a |A foot- | | | +| 9| Méd. |1779| -- |few bones, |stove | A drunkard | | +| | | | |a hand, |under her| | | +| | -- | | |and a foot |feet | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Ibid. | | | |A fire of| | Upon the | +|10| |1782| 60 | Ibid. | the | Ibid. | hearth | +| | -- | | | | hearth | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Revue | | |Except the | | Abuse of | | +|11| Médicale |1820| 90 | skull and |A candle |wine and Eau| In bed. | +| | | | | a portion | | de Cologne | | +| | Julia | | | of the | | | | +| | Fontenelle | | | skin | | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Ibid. | | | | | | In the | +| | | | | Except the| | |same bed. | +|12| |1830| 66 | right leg | Ibid. | Ibid. |Both burnt| +| | Ibid. | | | | | | together | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | -- | | | Almost | | | | +|13| Gen. William | -- |Very| wholly |A lighted| -- | Upon the | +| | Kepland | |old | consumed | pipe | | floor | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Journal de | | | Skin of | | | Upon the | +| | Florence | | -- | right arm | -- | -- |floor. He | +|14| |1786| | and right | | |lived four| +| | Joseph | | |thigh only | | | days | +| | Battaylia | | | burnt | | | after. | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Revue Méd. | | |Combustion | | Abuse of | Upon a | +|15| |1799| -- |incomplete | -- | brandy | bench. | +| | Robertson | | | | | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Ibid. | | | Hand and | | | | +|16| | -- | -- |thigh only | -- | -- | Cured. | +| | M.Marchand | | | burnt | | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Journal | | |One finger | | | | +|17| Hosp. Hamp. | -- | 17 | of right |A candle | -- | Cured. | +| | | | |hand only | | | | +| | -- | | | burnt | | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | -- | | |Muscles of | | | | +| | | | | thighs, | | | | +|18| |1829| 51 | superior |A foot- | Abuse of | Upon a | +| | | | |extremities| stove | spirits | chair. | +| | Alph. | | | and trunk | | | | +| | Devenge | | | burnt | | | | ++--+--------------+----+----+-----------+---------+------------+----------+ +| | Dic. de | | |Combustion |A foot- | | Upon the | +|19| Médecine | -- | -- | almost | stove | Ibid. | floor. | +| | -- | | | complete | | | | +=========================================================================== + +The following case is related, on the authority of Dr. Schofield, Upper +Canada, in the _Journal of the American Temperance Union_ for March, +1837:--A young man, aged twenty-five, had been an habitual drunkard for +many years. One evening at about eleven o'clock he went to a blacksmith's +shop: he was then full of liquor, though not thoroughly drunk. The +blacksmith, who had just crossed the road, was suddenly alarmed by the +breaking forth of a brilliant conflagration in his shop. He rushed across, +and threw open the door, and there stood the man, erect, in the midst of a +widely-extended silver-coloured flame, bearing, as he described it, exactly +the appearance of the wick of a burning candle in the midst of its own +flame. He seized him by the shoulder, and jerked him to the door, and the +flame was instantly extinguished. There was no fire in the shop, and no +articles likely to cause combustion within reach of the individual. In the +course of a short time a general sloughing came on, and the flesh was +almost wholly removed in the dressing, leaving the bones and a few of the +large blood-vessels standing. The blood nevertheless rallied round the +heart, and life continued to the thirteenth day, when he died, a loathsome, +ill-featured, and disgusting object. His shrieks and cries were described +as truly horrible. + +Some information will be found in Nos. 44. and 56. of an old magazine +called _The Hive_,--a book which may be found in the British Museum. Two +cases have occurred recently, one in 1851 at Paris, {459} and one last year +somewhere in the north. Both may be found by reference to the newspapers. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + + * * * * * + + +MAJOR GENERAL LAMBERT. + +(Vol. vii., p. 269.) + +LORD BRAYBROOKE speaks of a _tradition_ of Major-General Lambert's having +been imprisoned in Cornet Castle, in the island of Guernsey, after the +Restoration. The following documents, copies of which exist in Guernsey, +will prove that he really was kept as a prisoner in that island: + + CHARLES R. + + Upon suite made unto us by Mrs. Lambert, for liberty for herself and + children to goe to and remaine w^{th} her husband Collonell Lambert + yo^r prisoner, Wee, graciously inclyninge to gratifye her in that + request, have thought fitt to signify our royall pleasure to you in + that particular, willing and requiring you, upon sight hereof, to + suffer the said Mrs. Lambert, her three children, and three + maid-servants, to goe and remaine w^{th} the said Mr. Lambert, under + the same confinement he himselfe is, untill o^r further pleasure be + knowne. And for soe doinge this shalbe y^r warrant. Given at our Court + at Whitehall, the 17^{th} day Febr., 1661/2. + + By his Ma^{ts} Comand, + EDW. NICHOLAS. + + To our right trusty and welbeloved Counsello^r S^r Hugh Pollard, K^{nt} + and Bar^t, Governo^r of our Island of Guernsey and Castle there, or to + other our Governo^r for y^e tyme beinge, and in his absence to his + Deputy Governo^r. + + This is a true copie of his Ma^{t's} Warrant. + + (Signed) HUGH POLLARDE. + +[In dorso.] + +The King's order for Lambert's children. + +In 1662, Christopher Lord Hatton was appointed Governor of Guernsey, upon +which the following warrant was issued: + + CHARLES R. + + Our will and pleasure is, That you take into your custody the person of + John Lambert, commonly called Collonell Lambert, and keepe him close + prisoner, as a condemned traytor, untill further order from us, for + which this shall be your warrant. Given at our Court at Hampton Court, + this 25^{th} day of July, 1662. + + By his Ma^{ty's} Co[=m]and, + EDW. NICHOLAS. + + To our trusty and welbeloved Councellor y^e Lord Hatton, Governor of + our Island of Guernsey, and to the Lieutenant Governo^r thereof or his + Deputy. + + Lambert to Guernsey. + +Four months later the following order was issued: + + CHARLES R. + + Our will and pleasure is, That from sight hereof you give such liberty + and indulgence to Collonell John Lambert your prisoner, within the + precincts of that our island, as will consist with the security of his + person, and as in your discretion you shall think fitt; and that this + favour be continued to him till you receive our order to the contrary, + allwayes understood, that he the sayd Collonell Lambert show himself + worthy thereof in his comportment, and entertaine noe correspondencyes + to the prejudice of our service, for which this shall be your warrant. + Given at our Court at Whitehall, November the eighteenth, one thousand + six hundred sixty-two, + + By his Ma^{ts} command, + HENRYE BENNET. + + To our trusty and well-beloved Counsellor the Lord Hatton, our govern^r + of our Island of Guernsey, to his Leiftenant Governour, or other + officer commanding in chief there. + + Liberty of the Island to Mr. Lambert. + + [In dorso.] + + The King's order for Mr. Lambert's liberty. + +In Rees's _Cyclopædia_, art. AMARYLLIS, sect. 27., _A. Sarniensis_, +Guernsey lily, I find the following statement: "It was cultivated at +Wimbledon, in England, by General Lambert, in 1659." As Guernsey, during +the civil wars, sided with the Parliament, it is probable that Lambert +procured the roots from some friend in the island. + +The exact date of his arrival as a prisoner in Guernsey is fixed by a sort +of journal kept by Pierre Le Roy, schoolmaster and parish clerk of St. +Martin de la Bellouse in that island, who says: + + "Le 17^e de 9vembre, 1661, est arrivé au Château Cornet, Jean Lambert, + générall des rebelles sectères en Angleterre, ennemy du roy, et y est + constitué prisonnier pour sa vie." + +There is no tradition in the island of his having died there. I remember to +have read, but cannot at present remember where, that he died a Roman +Catholic. + +EDGAR MACCULLOCH. + +Guernsey. + + [Lambert was removed to the island of St. Nicholas, at the entrance of + Plymouth Harbour, in 1667, where his death took place during the _hard + winter_ at the close of 1682 or commencement of 1683.--See "N. & Q"., + Vol. iv., p 340. Probably some of our readers in that neighbourhood + might, by a reference to the parish registers, be enabled to ascertain + the precise date of that event.] + +{460} + + * * * * * + + +THE "SALT-PETER-MAN." + +(Vol. vii., p. 377.) + +Your correspondent J. O. asks for information to No. 4. of his notes +respecting the "salt-peter-man," so quaintly described by Lord Coke as a +troublesome person. Before the discovery and importation of rough nitre +from the East Indies, the supply of that very important ingredient in the +manufactory of gunpowder was very inadequate to the quantity required; and +this country having in the early part of the seventeenth century to depend +almost entirely upon its own resources. Charles I. issued a proclamation in +1627, which set forth that the saltpetre makers were never able to furnish +the realm with a third part of the saltpetre required, especially in time +of war. The proclamation had reference to a patent that had been granted in +1625 to Sir John Brooke and Thomas Russel, for making saltpetre by a new +invention, which gave them power to collect the animal fluids (ordered by +the same proclamation to be preserved by families for this purpose), once +in twenty-four hours in summer, and in forty-eight hours in winter. This +royal proclamation was very obnoxious and inconvenient to the good people +of England, increased as it was by the power granted to the saltpetre +makers to dig up the floors of all dove-houses, stables, cellars, &c., for +the purpose of carrying away the earth, the proprietors being at the same +time prohibited from laying such floors with anything but "mellow earth," +that greater facility might be given them. This power, in the hands of men +likely to be appointed to fulfil such duties, was no doubt subject to much +abuse for the purposes of extortion, making, as Lord Coke states, "simple +people believe that Lee (the salt-peter-man) will, without their leave, +breake up the floore of their dwelling-house, unless they will compound +with him to the contrary." The new and uncertain process for obtaining the +constituents of nitre having failed to answer the purpose for which the +patent was granted, an act was passed in 1656, forbidding the saltpetre +makers to dig in houses or lands without leave of the owner: and this is +the point to which the learned commentator of the law, in his _Discouerie +of the Abuses and Corruption of Officers_, alludes, when "any such fellowe +if you can meete with all, let his misdemenor be presented, that he may be +taught better to understand his office." In England, up to about the period +when these curious acts of parliament were passed, the right of all soil +impregnated with animal matter was claimed by the crown for this peculiar +purpose; and in France the rubbish of old houses, earth from stables, +slaughter-houses, and all refuse places, was considered to belong to the +Government, till 1778, when a similar edict, to relieve the people from the +annoyances of the saltpetre makers, was made. + +J. DECK. + +Cambridge. + + * * * * * + + +METRICAL PSALMS AND HYMNS. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 119. 198.) + +In reply to your correspondent ARUN, who inquired about the origin and +authority of metrical psalms and hymns in churches, in addition to an +extract from one of Bishop Cosin's letters on the subject, I referred also +to the treatise commonly known as Watson's _Deduction_, but of which +treatise Heylin was in fact the author. I have recently met with a passage +in Heylin's _History of the Reformation_ (ann. 1552, Lond., 1674, p. 127.) +which seems to contain the rudiment or first germ of the _Deduction_, and +to which ARUN therefore (if not already acquainted with it) may be glad to +be referred: + + "About this time (says Heylin) the Psalms of David did first begin to + be composed in English meetter by one Thomas Sternhold, one of the + grooms of the Privy Chamber; who, translating no more than + thirty-seven, left both example and encouragement to John Hopkins and + others to dispatch the rest:--a device first taken up in France by one + Clement Marot, one of the grooms of the bedchamber to King Francis the + First; who, being much addicted to poetry, and having some acquaintance + with those which were thought to have enclined to the Reformation, was + persuaded by the learned Vatablus (professor of the Hebrew tongue in + the University of Paris) to exercise his poetical phancies in + translating some of David's Psalms. For whose satisfaction, and his + own, he translated the first fifty of them; and, after flying to + Geneva, grew acquainted with Beza, who in some tract of time translated + the other hundred also, and caused them to be fitted unto several + times; which hereupon began to be sung in private houses, and by + degrees to be taken up in all the churches of the French, and other + nations which followed the Genevian platform. Marot's translation is + said by Strada to have been ignorantly and perversely done, as being + but the work of a man altogether unlearned; but not to be compared with + that barbarity and botching, which everywhere occurreth in the + translation of Sternhold and Hopkins. Which notwithstanding being first + allowed for private devotion, they were by little and little brought + into the use of the church, _permitted rather than allowed_ to be sung + before and after sermons; afterwards printed and bound up with the + Common Prayer Book, and at last added by the stationers at the end of + the Bible. For, though it is expressed in the title of those singing + psalms, that they were set forth and allowed to be sung in all churches + before and after Morning and Evening Prayer, and also before and after + sermons; yet this allowance seems rather to have been a _connivance_ + than an _approbation_: no such allowance being anywhere found by such + as have been most industrious and concerned in the search thereof. At + first it was pretended only that the said Psalms should be sung before + and after Morning and Evening Prayer, and also before and after + sermons; which shows they were not to be intermingled in the public + Liturgie. But in some tract of time, as the Puritan faction grew in + strength and {461} confidence, they prevailed so far in most places, to + thrust the _Te Deum_, the _Benedictus_, the _Magnificat_, and the _Nunc + Dimittis_, quite out of the church. But of this more perhaps hereafter, + when we shall come to the discovery of the Puritan practices in the + times succeeding." + +J. SANSOM. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + + +THE SIGN OF THE CROSS IN THE GREEK CHURCH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 380.) + +The cross, X, in the Greek Church, represents the initial of [Greek: +Christos], the Messiah, the symbolic affixing of which (sealing) before and +after baptism indicates that the name of Christ is imposed on the believer, +who takes his new or Christian name at baptism. This mark on the forehead +refers to Revelation vii. 3., xiv. 1., xxii. 4. The longer catechism of +that church, in answer to the question, "What force has the sign of the +cross, used on this and other occasions?" says, "What the _name_ of Jesus +Christ crucified is, when pronounced with faith by the motion of the lips, +the _very same_ is also the sign of the cross, when made with faith by _the +motion of the hand_, or represented in any other way." The authority quoted +is Cyril of Jerusalem (_Cat. Lect._ xiii. 36.). + +In the Western Church the cross, [Symbol: cross], represented the [Greek: +stauros] whereon Christ suffered. + +Both these crosses are now found in the Greek Church; and the Latin form, +[Symbol: cross], has at least been used therein nine centuries, for in +Goar's _Rituale Græcorum_ may be seen (pp. 114, 115. 126.) the icons of +Saints Methodius, Germanus, and Cyrillus, whose vestments are embellished +with Latin crosses. The Latin cross is marked on the sacramental bread of +the Greek communion,--which bread is also impressed with an abbreviation of +the words on Constantine's labarum: "Jesus Christ overcometh." (Eusebius's +_Life of Constantine_, lib. i. c. 25.: compare with Goar's _Rituale +Græcorum_, p. 117.) + +The Latin cross, [Symbol: cross], is rarely found on the sepulchres in the +catacombs at Rome,--the most ancient Christian memorials; but, instead of +it, a combination of the letters [Chi][Rho] prevails, as the monogram for +"Christ." Aringhi, in his _Roma Subterranea_ (Romæ, 1651) says: + + "Illud autem fatendum nobis est, nullatenus ante felicissima + Constantini Magni ad fidem traducti tempora crucem publicæ populorum + venerationi expositam fuisse."--Vol. ii. lib. vi. c. xiv. p. 546. + +The following statement from Humphrey's _Montfaucon_ (vol. x. part ii. book +iii. cap. 1. p. 158.) is very clear as to the form of the cross: + + "The cross, made with beams put together, had the shape of the + Samaritan _tau_, says St. Jerome, whose words are these: 'In the oldest + _Hebrew_ letters, which the Samaritans now make use of, the last, which + is _tau_, had the form of a cross.' This _tau_, like a cross, was like + the [Tau] of the Greeks, according to Paulinus, who says that the shape + of the cross is expressed by the Greek letter _tau_, which stands for + three hundred. The cross of our Lord was something different from the + letter _tau_; the beam that was fixed in the earth crossing that which + was athwart it above, and made as it were a head by rising above it: + such a cross we see in the medals of Constantine the Great, in this + form, [Symbol: cross], and such is it found described in the most + ancient Christian monuments; this is the form of the cross which St. + Jerome means, when he compares it to birds flying, to a man swimming, + and to a man praying to God, with his arms extended." + +The Greek church has retained _both_ forms: the Latin Church, in its +ignorance of the Greek language, has lost the more important symbol. These +forms were probably invented by Constantine, who used them on his helmet, +as crests were afterwards used in the ages of chivalry. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +The difference between the manner in which the members of the Greek and +those of the Latin Church used to sign themselves with the sign of the +cross is this: both used the right hand, the thumb and first and second +fingers open, and the third and fourth closed; both began at the forehead, +and descended to the breast: but in crossing that vertical line by an +horizontal one, from one shoulder to the other, the _Greeks go from the +right to the left_, but the _Latins from the left to the right_. It is +said, that in the Latin Church, up to the thirteenth century, the cross +line was traced indifferently from either shoulder. + +Whilst there is this difference between the Greek and Latin sign of the +cross when made upon oneself, there is also a difference between the two +when made upon others. The Latin _Benediction_ is given with the thumb and +the first two fingers open; the third and fourth fingers remaining closed. +This arrangement of the the fingers is symbolical of the Trinity: the three +open fingers signifying the three divine persons, and the two closed +fingers being emblematic of the two natures of Christ. + +The Greek benediction is given with the forefinger entirely open; the +middle finger slightly bent, the thumb crossed upon the third finger, and +the little finger bent. + +In the present day, however, in the Latin Church, a person making on +himself the sign of the cross, employs the right hand entirely open, +instead of three fingers only. And as it has been thought desirable to make +a distinction between the benediction given by a bishop and a priest, +bishops reserved to themselves the right of blessing with three fingers; +and priests give the benediction with the hand entirely open. {462} + +J. C. B. will find this subject fully treated in Didron's _Christian +Iconography_, Bohn's edition, pp. 405. 412.; and an illustration of the +Latin benediction at p. 205., and the Greek benediction at p. 176. + +CEYREP. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES. + +_New Developing Fluid._--DR. DIAMOND has reported very favourably of the +developing fluid, which I spoke of in "N. & Q." of March 12 as "being +simple, inexpensive, and keeping good a length of time." In accordance with +what I then stated, I herewith give the readers of "N. & Q." the benefit of +it, and leave them to form their own opinion of its value after trying it: + + Protosulphate of iron 12 grs. + Nitrate of lead 8 grs. + Water 10 drs. + Acetic acid ½ dr. + +Dissolve the protosulphate of iron in the water; then throw in the nitrate +of lead in powder; stir with glass rod until it is dissolved; keep stirring +while pouring in the acetic acid, and for a few minutes afterwards. Let the +precipitate subside, then filter. I have used nothing else for positives on +glass since I discovered the preparation. I have not tried it for +developing in the wax-paper or other paper process. The liquid is +colourless as water when first made. By long keeping it will change colour, +but throws down no deposit, nor loses its properties. If those gentlemen +who try it would give their opinions of it, I should be obliged. + +J. L. SISSON. + +Edingthorpe Rectory. + + [Since this was in type, MR. SISSON has written to say, that he has + been informed that the use of nitrate of lead has already been + recommended by MR. W. BROWN. MR. SISSON was not aware of that fact, but + is unwilling to appear in any way to appropriate to himself the + suggestion of another.--ED.] + +_Photographic Tent._--Can any of your readers inform me how, or where, to +procure an _effective tent_ for photographic operations out of doors? All +those I have yet seen are sadly wanting in the two great +essentials--_portability_ and _cheapness_. If any one could suggest the +means for supplying the desiderata, it would prove in the coming season a +boon to photographers at large, and confer a favour on + +M. F. M. + +_Mr. Wilkinson's simple mode of levelling Cameras._--The following +ingenious suggestion appears in the 3rd Number of the _Journal of the +Photographic Society_, and deserves to be widely circulated. "My plan is to +place a T-square on the bottom of the camera, and draw one perpendicular +line on each side (exactly opposite to each other), either with paint or +pencil; or the ends of the camera itself will do if perpendicular to the +base. Then, having two musket bullets attached to a silk thread, simply +hang them over the camera, and everything required will be attained much +quicker by these plumb-lines, and with accuracy equal to the spirit-levels. +The advantage of the simple contrivance of two bullets suspended by threads +is, that when the thread is laid across the camera, it is at once seen +whether the thread touches all the way down both sides; if not, one or +other side of the camera is raised, until the thread lies close on each +side: this gives the level crossways. The other perpendicular of the line +is then sought for, and the back or front of the camera raised or lowered, +until the thread cuts the line drawn below. Here then we have the most +perfect line that can be obtained, at the expense of two bullets and a bit +of silk, answering every purpose of the best spirit-level, and applied in +one-half the time. It has since occurred to me, that as we sometimes +require to measure the distance for stereoscopic pictures, this thread +ought to be about three feet long; and we might as well make three knots, +and then we should have the measure of a three-feet rule always with us. It +has also occurred to me, that in taking portraits you sometimes require to +have a measure of time; and by a little modification we have here the most +accurate chronometer that can be produced. Instead of three feet, I make it +thirty-nine inches and the decimal necessary, say two-tenths from the +centre of support to the centre of the bullet. I then get a pendulum which +vibrates to second exactly, from the point of suspension to the point of +oscillation. I hang it by a pin, and I there have a chronometer of the +greatest possible accuracy; and I can employ it for taking portraits of +one, two, three, or four seconds: it will vibrate for a minute. +Consequently I have a mode of levelling my camera with the greatest +accuracy, a measure of time, and a measure of distance; and all at a cost +considerably under one penny." + +_Antiquarian Photographic Club._--This association for the interchange of +photographic views of objects of antiquarian interest, has now nearly +attained the number of members to which it is proposed to limit it. For the +few remaining vacancies preference will be given, for obvious reasons, to +parties resident in varied localities. Any gentlemen or ladies desirous to +join the club, may send their names, with specimens of their skill, to the +_Honorary Secretary_, care of Mr. Bell, 186. Fleet Street. The amount of +the annual subscription is not yet fixed, but as all that can be required +will be to meet the expenses incident to the receipt and interchange of the +photographs, it must necessarily be very limited. + +{463} + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Erroneous Forms of Speech: Mangel Wurzel_ (Vol. vii., p. 329.).--Against +the dictum of E. G. R., I beg insertion of the following quotation from the +_Agricultural Gazette_, March 4, 1848, p. 166.: + + "Mangold wurzel is simply the German of _beet-root_. 'Mangel wurzel,' + on the other hand, is one founded on an idea, which, though absurd, did + not the less effectually answer the object of those who introduced the + plant. 'Scarcity root,' or 'Famine root,' made a good heading to an + advertisement." + +And Rham, _Dictionary of the Farm_, p. 62.: + + "The German name is 'Mangold wurzel,' or 'Mangold root;' but it is + sometimes pronounced 'Mangel wurzel,' which means _scarcity root_; and, + by a strange translation, it is called in French _racine d'abondance_, + as well as _racine de disette_. The name of field-beet is much more + appropriate." + +I hope E. G. R. will, however, not insist on classing those who say and +write "mangold" with those who would write "reddishes, sparrowgrass, and +cowcumbers." I should be sorry to be suspected of any one of the three +last; but "mangold" I will say and write till the authority of the best +German scholars decrees otherwise. + +GEO. E. FRERE. + +_The Whetstone_ (Vol. vii., pp. 208. 319.).--Herbert, in his _Typographical +Antiquities_, vol. ii. p. 1144., cites a book entitled, _Fower great Liers +striving who shall win the Silver Whetstone. Also a Resolution to the +Countreyman, proving it utterly unlawful to buy or use our yearely +Prognostications_, by W. P.: 8vo., printed by R. Waldegrave; no date. + +H. C. + +_Charade_ (Vol. vi., p. 604.).-- + + "By mystic sign and symbol known, + To Daniel, wise and meek, alone, + Was Persia's coming _wo_ foreshown. + + "And in great Cæsar's proudest day, + The Gospel held a mightier sway, + And _man_ shone forth with purest ray. + + "But when, in Babylonia chain'd, + _Man_ of his deepening _wo_ complain'd, + A _woman_ conquering both, in faithful Esther reign'd." + +SOPHRONIA SPHYNX. + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432. &c.; Vol. vii., p. +392.).--_Totnes_ may be added to the list of places containing parochial +libraries. The books are placed in presses in the vestry room of the +church, and so preserved from loss and damage to which they were formerly +subjected. The collection is principally composed of works of divinity +published in the seventeenth century, the age of profound theological +literature. I noticed amongst the goodly array of weighty folios, the works +of St. Augustine, the _Homilies_ of St. Chrysostom, works of St. Ambrose, +St. Gregory, &c., the works of the high and mighty King James, Birckbek's +_Protestant Evidence_, and Walton's _Polyglott_. Nothing is known of the +history and formation of this library. Inside the cover of one of the +volumes is the following inscription: + + "Totnes Library. The guift of Mr. Thomas Southcott, July 10. 1656." + +I found the following incorrect and antiquated piece of information +respecting this library in a flimsy work, published in 1850, entitled, _A +Graphic and Historical Sketch of the Antiquities of Totnes_, by William +Cotton, F.S.A., _note_, p. 38.: + + "I know not what the library contains. I believe nothing more than + theological lumber. It is always locked up, and made no use of by those + who keep it, and it is inaccessible to those who would wish to examine + it. I was once there by accident, and looked into some books, which + were all on Divinity." + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + +_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., p. 13.).--Judge Smith lived towards the close of +Queen Elizabeth's reign, and was noted for severity against witches. His +monument is in Chesterfield Church. He belonged to the ancient family +seated at Dunston Hall, near that town, which I believe has lately ended in +co-heiresses. The late Sir J. E. Smith was of the same family: his father, +a considerable merchant of Norwich, married a Kindersley descended from +Geoffrey,--who was queried in Vol. vi., p. 603., and is ancestor of the +present Vice-Chancellor. + +Z. E. R. + +_Church Catechism_ (Vol. vii., p. 190.).--B. H. C. will confer a favour by +printing the Latin original of the Catechism. + +Z. E. R. + +_Charade attributed to Sheridan_ (Vol. vii., p. 379.).--Several years ago, +I think in 1818 or 1819, a friend gave me some verses nearly similar to +those communicated by your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS, and requested me to +ascertain if they were Mrs. Piozzi's, as my friend had been told that they +were written by that lady. Soon afterwards I asked Mrs. Piozzi if she ever +wrote a riddle on a gaming-table. She replied, "Yes, a very long time ago." +She immediately repeated a line or two, and, after some consideration, +recited the following, which, she assured me, were her original +composition. These lines, it will be observed, differ somewhat from those +attributed to Sheridan, but they were probably the basis of those, and also +of other versions of the riddle, which, I believe, are in existence. This +statement so thoroughly removes all uncertainty about the {464} author of +the original, that I trust you will deem it worthy of insertion in your +journal. + + "A place I here describe, how gay the scene! + Fresh, bright, and vivid with perpetual green, + Verdure attractive to the ravish'd sight, } + Perennial joys, and ever new delight, } + Charming at noon, more charming still at night. } + Fair pools where fish in forms pellucid play; + Smooth lies the lawn, swift glide the hours away. + No mean dependence here on summer skies, + This spot rough winter's roughest blast defies. + Yet here the government is curs'd with change, + Knaves openly on either party range, + Assault their monarch, and avow the deed, + While honour fails, and tricks alone succeed; + For bold decemvirs here usurp the sway; } + Now all some single demagogue obey, } + False lights prefer, and hate the intruding day. } + Oh, shun the tempting shore, the dangerous coast, + Youth, fame, and fortune, stranded here, are lost!" + +J. S. S. + +Bath. + +_Gesmas and Desmas_ (Vol. vii., pp. 238. 342.).--The names of the two +thieves crucified with our blessed Saviour are variously written. In the +verses quoted by A. B. R. (p. 238.) they are written _Gesmas and Desmas_. +In the edition of the Gospel of Nicodemus, quoted by W. C. H. (p. 342.), +_i.e._ the edition of "William Hone, Ludgate Hill, 1820," the names are +written _Gestas and Dimas_. He also gives an authority for the spelling +"_Dismas and Gestas_." I find them written in the edition I have of the +Gospel of Nicodemus, _i. e._ "Hutman's, London, 1818," _Dismas and Gesmas_ +(pp. 87, 88.). Elsewhere I have met with them written as in the following +verse, _Gistas and Dismas_: + + "Gistas damnatur, Dismas ad astra levatur," + +which I have ventured to translate: + + "Gistas to hell--with Dismas all goes well;" + +or perhaps better thus: + + "Gistas goes down, Dismas receives a crown." + +The names of these two men in early life is said to have been _Titus_ and +_Dumachus_: see the _Evangelium Infantiæ_, quoted by Hutman (p. 13.). + +CEYREP. + +_Lode_ (Vol. v., pp. 345. 350.).--There is in Gloucester a church and +parish called Saint Mary de Lode, touching which Mr. Fosbroke (_History of +City of Gloucester_, p. 341.) observes: + + "This parish is said to have derived the adjunct of _Lode_ from the + Severn formerly running near it; and this may have been the fact, but + it is not easy to give a satisfactory explanation of the term." + +I would remark, that as the term _Lode_ may be considered a general name +for any navigable river, that if it be a fact that the river Severn did +formerly run near the parish in question, it appears to me not difficult to +give a satisfactory explanation of the term by which such parish is +distinguished from St. Mary de Crypt and St. Mary de Grace. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_Epitaphs imprecatory_ (Vol. vii., p. 256).--I have no doubt that the +churchyards of Scotland will furnish many examples of the embittered +feelings which religious persecution produced, during the latter half of +the seventeenth century; and as a specimen I forward the following, which +is found in the churchyard of Dalgarnock, in Dumfriesshire. The Duke of +York alluded to was afterwards James II.; and the descendants of Mr. +Harkness are still most respectable inhabitants of the parish of Closeburn, +which has been united to Dalgarnock: + + "Here Lyes the body of JAMES HARKNESS, in Locherben, who died 6th Dec. + 1723, aged 72 years. + + "Belo this stone his dust doth ly, + Who indured 28 years + Persecution by tirrany + Did him pursue with echo and cry + Though many a lonesome place, + At last by Clavers he was taen + Sentenced for to dy; + But God, who for his soul took care, + Did him from prison bring, + Because no other Cause they had + But that he ould not give up + With Christ his Glorious King. + And swear allegence to that beast, + The duke of York I mean. + In spite of all there hellish rage + A natural death he died + In full assurance of his rest + With Christ ieternalie." + +The following may be given as an example of a punning epitaph. It is found +in St. Anne's churchyard, in the Isle of Man, and is said to have been +written by Sir Wadsworth Busk, who was for many years attorney-general of +the island: + + "Here, Friend, is little Daniel's Tomb, + To Joseph's age he did arrive; + Sloth killing thousands in their bloom, + While labour kept poor Dan alive. + Though strange yet true, full seventy years + Was his wife happy in her _Tears_. + + DANIEL TEAR died December 9th, 1787, aged 110 years." + +C. T. R. + +_Straw-bail_ (Vol. vii., pp. 85. 342.).--The origin of the expression "a +man of straw" may be traced to those mannikins or effigies representing the +human figure, which are (or used to be) paraded in the streets during the +Carnival in most continental countries. These mannikins were {465} +generally stuffed with _straw_; and hence, in legal phraseology, "a man of +straw" denotes the semblance of a man--a person of neither substance nor +responsibility, who is put forward to screen a real delinquent, or bear the +brunt of a prosecution. Such, at least, is the origin commonly assigned by +the French to their "homme de paille," the prototype of our "man of straw." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_How to stain Deal_ (Vol. vii., p. 356).--If C. will apply by letter or +otherwise to Mr. Henry Stevens, 54. Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road, he +will learn every particular, and be furnished with samples of its effect on +common deal, as now very extensively used in churches, school-rooms, &c. + +_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416.).--Add to the list, +Marston Morteyne in Bedfordshire, not far from Ampthill, and Gunwalloe, in +Cornwall, about five miles south of Helston. Gunwalloe tower appears to be +much older than the church, and faces the south-west angle of the nave, +from which it is distant about fourteen feet. + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + +CAMBRENSIS has forgotten that the _cloich teachs_ (bell-houses), or round +belfries, peculiar to Ireland, and which have become famous as "round +towers," are almost always separate from the churches. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +To your instances of detached belfries in England add Magdalene College and +New College in Oxford, and Woburn in Bedfordshire. + +H. C. + +Thurles. + +Detached church-towers exist at Beccles, Suffolk, and at East Dereham, +Norfolk. + +G. J. C. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The anniversary of the Camden Society on Monday last, when Mr. Peter +Cunningham, Sir F. Madden, and Sir C. Young were elected on the Council, +was distinguished by two departures from the usual routine: one, a special +vote of thanks to Sir Harry Verney for placing his family papers at the +service of the Society; and the other, a general expression of satisfaction +on the part of the members at the steps taken by the Council to bring under +the consideration of the Commission appointed to inquire into the laws +regarding matters testamentary, the great impediments thrown in the way of +all historical and literary inquirers by the authorities in the Prerogative +Office. + +It does not require the skill of an Oedipus to divine that in giving us so +graphic a picture of _The Vicar and his Duties_, the Rev. A. Gatty has had +the advantage of sketching from the life, and that his portraiture of + + "A good man of religioun + That as a poore Persone of a toun; + But riche he was of holy thought and werke." + +is as much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if he had put +that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his camera. To the +many friends of Dr. Hook, this little volume will be deeply interesting. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--Pulleyn's _Etymological Compendium, or Portfolio of +Origins and Inventions. Third Edition, revised and improved, by_ Merton A. +Thoms. This new edition of a very popular and useful little book has had +the advantage of a thorough revision, and contains much new and interesting +information.--Longman's _Traveller's Library_ has lately been enriched by +two of Mr. Macaulay's brilliant essays, viz. on _Lord Byron_ and _The Comic +Dramatists of the Restoration_, and by a carefully compiled life of +_Marshal Turenne_ by the Rev. T. O. Cockayne: while Mr. Murray has added to +his valuable collection of _Railway Readings_, a reprint of _The Life of +Lord Bacon_, by his noble biographer Lord Campbell.--_Reynard the Fox, +after the German Version of Göthe, with Illustrations by_ J. Wolf. Part V. +This translation is kept up with spirit, and the present number carries us +to _The Pardon_ of the wily transgressor.--Mr. Bohn has put forth numerous +fresh claims on the favour of poor scholars: in his _Standard Library_ he +has given a third volume of _Miss Bremer's Works_, containing _Home_ and +_Strife and Peace_; in his _Classical Library_ he continues the translation +of _Aristotle_ in _The Politics and Economics_, translated by G. Walford, +M.A.; in his _Antiquarian Library_, he has continued in his series of +translations of Early English Chronicles by giving us in one volume a +translation of _Henry of Huntingdon_, and also of the _Gesta Stephani_; +while he will have done good service to naturalists and keepers of aviaries +and cage birds by the edition of Bechstein's _Cage and Chamber Birds_ and +Sweet's _Warblers_, which he has included in the same volume of his +_Illustrated Library_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +JACOB'S ENGLISH PEERAGE. Folio Edition, 1766. Vols. II., III., and IV. + +GAMMER GURTON'S NEEDLE. + +ALISON'S EUROPE. (20 Vols.) Vols. XIII., XX. + +TILLOTSON. Vols. I., II., IV., V., XI. 12mo. Tonson, London, 1748. + +LIVY. Vol. I. 12mo. Maittaire, London, 1722. + +ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Vols. I., II., III., IV., V., XIX., +XX. 5s. each. The above in Parts or Monthly Numbers will do. + +THE AVIARY, OR MAGAZINE OF BRITISH MELODY. + +A COLLECTION OF DIVERTING SONGS, AIRS, &c. both published about the middle +of last century. + +CHURCHMAN'S SHEET ALMANAC: all the Years. + +GRETTON'S INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION, &c. Part II. + +VIEWS OF ARUNDEL HOUSE IN THE STRAND, 1646. London, published by T. Thane, +Rupert Street, Haymarket. 1792. + +PARKER'S GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURE. 2nd Edition. + +PICKERING'S STATUTES AT LARGE. 8vo. Edit. Camb. From 46 Geo. III. cap. 144. +(Vol. XLVI. Part I.) to 1 Wm. IV. + +EUROPEAN MAGAZINE. Nos. for May, 1817; January, February, May, June, 1818; +April, June, July, October, and December, 1819. {466} + +STANHOPE'S PARAPHRASE OF EPISTLES AND GOSPELS. London, 1732. Vols. III. and +IV. + +THE LAWYER AND MAGISTRATE'S MAGAZINE, complete, or single Volumes, _circa_ +1805-1810. + +TODD'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. + +PHELP'S HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SOMERSETSHIRE. Part 4., and Parts 9. to +end. + +BAYLE'S DICTIONARY. English Version, by DE MAIZEAUX. London, 1738. Vols. I. +and II. + +SWIFT'S (DEAN) WORKS. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 volumes. 1768. Vol. I. + +TRANSACTIONS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vols. I. and II. + +ARCHÆOLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. Boards. + +MARTYN'S PLANTÆ CANTABRIGIENSES. 12mo. London, 1763. + +ABBOTSFORD EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. Odd Vols. + +THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical. + +R. MANT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE MIND OF THE +CHURCH. 8vo. Belfast, 1840. + +J. L. PETIT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. 2 Vols. + +CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY'S TRANSACTIONS. Vol. III.--ELLICOTT ON VAULTING. + +QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1845. + +COLLIER'S FURTHER VINDICATION OF HIS SHORT VIEW OF THE STAGE. 1708. + +CONGREVE'S AMENDMENT OF COLLIER'S FALSE AND IMPERFECT CITATIONS. 1698. + +BEDFORD'S SERIOUS REFLECTIONS ON THE ABUSES OF THE STAGE. 8vo. 1705. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +J. N. C. _will see by this week's Number, that the line to which he refers +is from_ Hamlet. + +K. R. H. M.'s _communication was marked for insertion before we received +his Note_. + +W. F. _We were quite unable to attend to your wishes this week._ + +STUPIDITAS. _We have never known such failures to take place as you +describe. In all probability you have not_ perfectly _immersed your paper +in the saline solution. Half a drachm of muriate of soda, and the same +quantity of muriate of barytes and muriate of ammonia, dissolved in a quart +of water, forms a very excellent application for the paper, previous to the +use of the ammonio-nitrate._ + +H. HENDERSON. _Any application applied to your window would in a great part +obstruct the light. Brushing it over with starch might be tried._ + +B--Z. _Yes. Many of the very best pictures in the_ Photographic Exhibition +in Bond Street, _as we may probably take an opportunity of pointing out in +some future notice of that interesting collection, are from collodion +negatives._ + +PRICE OF IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. _I beg to say that the price named by me_, +i. e. 1s. 3d. _per oz., for iodide of potassium, is quoted from the list of +Messrs. Simpson and Maule, Kensington Road._ + +F. MAXWELL LYTE. + +Torquay. + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +MR. HALLIWELL'S +FOLIO EDITION OF SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + +SPECIMEN COPIES of the First Volume of this Work may be seen at MR. +SKEFFINGTON'S, 192. Piccadilly, and at MR. RUSSELL SMITH'S, 36. Soho +Square, London. + +The Editor having, at a great sacrifice, adhered to the original limit, and +the estimates having been considered exceeded, has been compelled, to avoid +incurring an extravagant loss, to make the terms very absolute, and to +raise the Subscription to the later copies. Notwithstanding, therefore, the +great demand for the Work, a few copies may still be secured by early +written application. + +All communications on the subject are request to be addressed to-- + + J. O. HALLIWELL, ESQ., AVENUE LODGE, BRIXTON HILL, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +OPENING OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The spacious Plate Glass House, 30 feet by 15, with the Class Rooms and +Ladies' Apartment, being nearly completed, Classes or Private Lessons, +embracing all branches of Photography, are now forming. + +A perfect Apparatus with Ross's finest Lenses has been procured, and every +new improvement will be added. + +The School is under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has been +long connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &c.--A Lady residing within an +hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most healthy and cheerful +situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge of a little girl, to +share with her only child (about a year and a half old) her maternal care +and affection, together with the strictest attention to mental training. +Terms, including every possible expense except medical attendance, 100l. +per annum. If required, the most unexceptionable references can be +furnished. + +Address to T. B. S., care of MR. BELL, Publisher, 186. Fleet Street. {467} + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads; +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +SAVE FIFTY PER CENT. by purchasing your WATCHES direct from the +MANUFACTURER, at the WHOLESALE TRADE PRICE. + + £. s. d. + Gold Watches, extra jewelled, with all + the recent improvements 3 15 0 + Ditto, with the three-quarter plate + movement, and stouter cases 4 10 0 + Silver Watches, with same movements + as the Gold 2 0 0 + Ditto, with the lever escapement, eight + holes jewelled 2 15 0 + +And every other description of Watch in the same proportion. + +A written warranty for accurate performance is given with every Watch, and +twelve months allowed. + +Handsome morocco cases for same, 2s. extra. + +Emigrants supplied with Watches suitable for Australia.--Merchants, +Captains, and the Trade supplied in any quantities on very favourable +terms. + + £. s. d. + Gentlemen's fine Gold Albert Chains 1 10 0 + Ladies' ditto, Neck ditto 1 15 0 + +Sent carefully packed, post free, and registered, on receipt of Post-Office +or Banker's Order, payable to + +DANIEL ELLIOTT HEDGER, + +Wholesale Watch Manufacturer, 27. City Road, near Finsbury Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +PEOPLE'S EDITION OF +ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE + +FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION TO THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO. + + In 44 MONTHLY PARTS, at One Shilling; + In WEEKLY NUMBERS, at Three-halfpence; + In 12 QUARTERLY VOLUMES, at Four Shillings; + +PART I. and NO. I. are now ready, and may be had of all Booksellers and +Newsmen. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, EDINBURGH AND LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th of June next, will be entitled, at the +next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later +Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +ESTABLISHED 1841. + +MEDICAL, INVALID, +AND +GENERAL LIFE OFFICE, + +25. PALL MALL. + +During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four Thousand +One Hundred and Fifty Policies_-- + +Covering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and +Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_-- + +Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_. + +This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of +Diseased Lives. + +Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other +Offices. + +A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at +last Division of Profits. + +Next Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June, +1853, will participate. + + * * * * * + + +Agents wanted for vacant places. + +Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be +obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of +the Society's Agents in the country. + + F.G.P. NEISON, Actuary. + C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S Construction, Micrometers, +Polarizing Apparatus, Object-glasses, and Eye-pieces. S. STRAKER supplies +any of the above of the first quality, and will forward by post free a new +priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus. + +162. FLEET STREET, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + +_Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + +_Trustees._ + +W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + +_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + +_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _£ s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + +{468} + + * * * * * + + +The Camden Society, +FOR THE PUBLICATION OF +EARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS. + + * * * * * + +THE CAMDEN SOCIETY is instituted to perpetuate, and render accessible, +whatever is valuable, but at present little known, amongst the materials +for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or Literary History of the United Kingdom; +and it accomplishes that object by the publication of Historical Documents, +Letters, Ancient Poems, and whatever else lies within the compass of its +designs, in the most convenient form, and at the least possible expense +consistent with the production of useful volumes. + +The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due in +advance on the first day of May in every year, and is received by MESSRS. +NICHOLS 25. PARLIAMENT STREET, or by the several LOCAL SECRETARIES. Members +may compound for their future Annual Subscriptions, by the payment of +10_l_. over and above the Subscription for the current year. The +compositions received have been funded in the Three per Cent. Consols to an +amount exceeding 900l. No Books are delivered to a Member until his +Subscription for the current year has been paid. New Members are admitted +at the Meetings of the Council held on the First Wednesday in every month. + + * * * * * + +The Publications for the past year (1851-2) were: + +52. PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES of CHARLES II. and JAMES II. Edited by J. Y. +AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A. + +53. THE CHRONICLE OF THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited from a MS. in the +Cottonian Library by J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A. + +54. PROMPTORIUM: An English and Latin Dictionary of Words in Use during the +Fifteenth Century, compiled chiefly from the Promptorium Parvulorum. By +ALBERT WAY, Esq. M.A., F.S.A. Vol. II. (M to R.) (In the Press.) + +Books for 1852-3. + +55. THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, containing, 1. Expenses of +John of Brabant 1292-3; 2. Household Accounts of Princess Elizabeth, +1551-2; 3. Requeste and Suite of a True-hearted Englishman, by W. +Cholmeley, 1553; 4. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell, +1627-8; 5. Trelawny Papers; 6. Autobiography of Dr. William Taswell.--Now +ready for delivery to all Members not in arrear of their Subscription. + +56. THE VERNEY PAPERS. A Selection from the Correspondence of the Verney +Family during the reign of Charles I. to the year 1639. From the Originals +in the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart. To be edited by JOHN BRUCE, +ESQ., Trea. S.A. + +57. REGULÆ INCLUSARUM: THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the Rules and Duties +of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the Thirteenth Century +addressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a translation from the Latin +Work of Simon de Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from MSS. in the +Cottonian Library, British Museum, with an Introduction, Glossarial Notes, +&c., by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln. (Will be ready +immediately.) + + * * * * * + +The following Works are at Press, and will be issued from time to time, as +soon as ready: + +58. THE CORRESPONDENCE OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY, during the Civil Wars. To +be edited by the REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready immediately.) + +ROLL of the HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD, Bishop of Hereford, in +the years 1289, 1290, with Illustrations from other and coeval Documents. +To be edited by the REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A., F.S.A. + +THE DOMESDAY OF ST. PAUL'S: a Description of the Manors belonging to the +Church of St. Paul's in London in the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON +HALE. + +ROMANCE OF JEAN AND BLONDE, OF OXFORD, by Philippe de Reims, an +Anglo-Norman Poet of the latter end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from +the unique MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, by M. LE ROUX DE LINCY, +Editor of the Roman de Brut. + +Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed +to the Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols. + +WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary. 25. Parliament Street, Westminster. + + * * * * * + +WORKS OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, AND ORDER OF THEIR PUBLICATION. + + 1. Restoration of King Edward IV. + 2. Kyng Johan, by Bishop Bale. + 3. Deposition of Richard II. + 4. Plumpton Correspondence. + 5. Anecdotes and Traditions. + 6. Political Songs. + 7. Hayward's Annals of Elizabeth. + 8. Ecclesiastical Documents. + 9. Norden's Description of Essex. + 10. Warkworth's Chronicle. + 11. Kemp's Nine Daies Wonder. + 12. The Egerton Papers. + 13. Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda. + 14. Irish Narratives, 1641 and 1690. + 15. Rishanger's Chronicle. + 16. Poems of Walter Mapes. + 17. Travels of Nicander Nucius. + 18. Three Metrical Romances. + 19. Diary of Dr. John Dee. + 20. Apology for the Lollards. + 21. Rutland Papers. + 22. Diary of Bishop Cartwright. + 23. Letters of Eminent Literary Men. + 24. Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler. + 25. Promptorium Parvulorum: Tom. I. + 26. Suppression of the Monasteries. + 27. Leycester Correspondence. + 28. French Chronicle of London. + 29. Polydore Vergil. + 30. The Thornton Romances. + 31. Verney's Notes of the Long Parliament. + 32. Autobiography of Sir John Bramston. + 33. Correspondence of James Duke of Perth. + 34. Liber de Antiquis Lezibus. + 35. The Chronicle of Calais. + 36. Polydore Vergil's History Vol. I. + 37. Italian Relation of England. + 38. Church of Middleham. + 39. The Camden Miscellany, Vol. I. + 40. Life of Ld. Grey of Wilton. + 41. Diary of Walter Yonge, Esq. + 42. Diary of Henry Machyn. + 43. Visitation of Huntingdonshire. + 44. Obituary of Rich. Smyth. + 45. Twysden on the Government of England. + 46. Letters of Elizabeth and James VI. + 47. Chronicon Petroburgense. + 48. Queen Jane and Queen Mary. + 49. Bury Wills and Inventories. + 50. Mapes de Nugis Curialium. + 51. Pilgrimage of Sir R. Guylford. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, in 8vo., price 15_s_. cloth, + +GOETHE'S FAUST: With Copious English Notes, Grammatical, Philological, and +Exegetical, for Students of the German Language. By FALK LEBAHN, Ph.D., +Author of "German in One Volume," &c. + +"Not an idle addition to the many various impressions already existing in +our literature of Goethe's masterpiece, but an edition prepared for the use +of those students of German who read without a master. First we have the +original text complete. Then the grammatical note, which occupy the place +of a vocabulary, repeat the whole of the text in both German and English, +classified according to Doctor Lebahn's system, and with reciprocal +references to the pages and rules of grammar. The plan is highly ingenious, +and we may add that the numberous extracts from other German authors, which +illustrate the meanings of Goethe, will be often found very curious and +interesting."--_Examiner._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for MAY contains:--1. A Trip to the Gold Regions +of Scotland. 2. Hepple Castle, and Hetchester, Northumberland; with +Engravings. 3. Traits of the Trappists. 4. Treasury Warrant relating to +Rymer's Foedera and his MS. Collections. 5. "Heydon with One Hand," an +English Duel in the Year 1600. 6. The Clothiers of Kendal, and their Trade +Tokens; with Engravings. 7. Christian Iconography: the Wheel of Human Life, +or the Seven Ages. 8. A Biography, with Notes on the Glens of Antrim. 9. +The Gravestone of "Dame Joan" at the White Ladies. 10. Tower Royal. 11. +"Romeland" at Queen Hithe, Billingsgate, and Waltham Abbey. 12. The Manor +of Stotesden, Salop. 13. On supposed Springs and Showers of Blood. 14. +Early History of St. James's Park. With Notes of the Month, Reviews of New +Publications, Reports of Archæological Societies, Historical Chronicle, and +OBITUARY, including Memoirs of Lord Skelmersdale, Sir Edward Kerrison, +Henry Southern, Esq., Dr. Charlesworth, W. Nottidge, Esq., W. H. R. Brown, +Esq., and many other eminent persons recently deceased. Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + +"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the +careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, +1852._ + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 7, +1853. + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p453. "the reduction of the Irish rebels of 1641" - "French rebels" in +original, corrected in the next edition. Also "Ballinakill" corrects +original "Ballinakell". + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 184, May 7, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20407-8.txt or 20407-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/4/0/20407/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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