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diff --git a/20369.txt b/20369.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9135d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/20369.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3538 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 190, June 18, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 190, June 18, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 15, 2007 [EBook #20369] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{589} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 190.] +Saturday, June 18, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + On the Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits 589 + The Megatherium Americanum in the British Museum 590 + Remunerations of Authors, by Alexander Andrews 591 + Coincident Legends, by Thomas Keightley 591 + Shakespeare Readings, No. VIII. 592 + Shakespeare's Use of the Idiom "No had" and "No hath + not," by S. W. Singer, &c. 593 + + MINOR NOTES:--The Formation of the Woman, + Gen. ii. 21, 22.--Singular Way of showing Displeasure + --The Maids and the Widows--Alison's "Europe"-- + "Bis dat, qui cito dat:" "Sat cito, si sat bene" 593 + + QUERIES:-- + + House-marks 594 + + Minor Queries:--"Seductor Succo"--Anna Lightfoot + --Queries from the "Navorscher"--"Amentium + haud Amantium"--"Hurrah!" and other War-cries + --Kissing Hands at Court--Uniforms of the three + Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II.--Raffaelle's + Sposalizio--"To the Lords of Convention"-- + Richard Candishe, M.P.--Alphabetical Arrangement-- + Saying of Pascal--Irish Characters on the Stage-- + Family of Milton's Widow--Table-moving 595 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Form of Petition, + &c.--Bibliography--Peter Francius and De Wilde-- + Work by Bishop Ken--Eugene Aram's Comparative + Lexicon--Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan--Coins of + Europe--General Benedict Arnold 596 + + REPLIES:-- + + Parish Registers: Right of Search, by G. Brindley Acworth 598 + The Honourable Miss E. St. Leger, a Freemason, by + Henry H. Breen 598 + Weather Rules, by John Booker, &c. 599 + Scotchmen in Poland, by Richard John King 600 + Mr. Justice Newton 600 + The Marriage Ring 601 + Canada, &c. 602 + Selling a Wife, by William Bates 602 + Enough 603 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Wilkinson's + Mode of levelling Cameras--Collodion Negative-- + Developing Collodion Process--An iodizing Difficulty 604 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Frampton--Parochial + Libraries--Pierrepont--Passage in Orosius + --Pugna Porcorum--Oaken Tombs and Effigies-- + Bowyer Bible--Longevity--Lady Anne Gray--Sir + John Fleming--Life--Family of Kelway--Sir G. + Browne, Bart.--Americanisms, so called--Sir Gilbert + Gerard, &c. 605 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 610 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 610 + Notices to Correspondents 610 + Advertisements 611 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS. + +George Herbert says: + + "The parson exceeds not an hour in preaching, because _all ages_ have + thought that a competency."--_A Priest to the Temple_, p. 28. + +Ferrarius, _De Ritu Concion._, lib. i. c. 34., makes the following +statement: + + "Huic igitur certo ac communi malo (the evil of too long sermons) ut + medicinam facerent, Ecclesiae patres in concionando determinatum dicendi + tempus fereque unius horae spatio conclusum aut ipsi sibi praescribant, + aut ab aliis praefinitum religiose observabant." + +Bingham, commenting on this passage, observes: + + "Ferrarius and some others are very positive that they (their sermons) + were generally an hour long; but Ferrarius is at a loss to tell by what + instrument they measured their hour, for he will not venture to affirm + that they preached, as the old Greek and Roman orators declaimed, by an + hour-glass."--See _Bingham_, vol. iv. p. 582. + +This remark of Bingham's brings me at once to the subject of my present +communication. What evidence exists of the practice of preaching by the +hour-glass, thus treated as improbable, if not ridiculous, by the learned +writer just quoted? If the early Fathers of the church _timed_ their +sermons by any instrument of the kind, we should expect their writings to +contain _internal_ evidence of the fact, just as frequent allusion is made +by Demosthenes and other ancient orators to the klepshydra or water-clock, +by which the time allotted to each speaker was measured. Besides, the close +proximity of such an instrument would be a constant source of metaphorical +allusion on the subject of _time and eternity_. Perhaps those of your +readers who are familiar with the extant sermons of the Greek and Latin +fathers, may be able to supply some illustration on this subject. At all +events there appears to be indisputable evidence of the use of the +hour-glass in the pulpit formerly in this country. {590} + +In an extract from the churchwardens' accounts of the parish of St. Helen, +in Abingdon, Berks, we find the following entry: + + "Anno MDXCI. 34 Eliz. 'Payde for an houre-glasse for the pulpit,' + 4d."--See Hone's _Table-Book_, vol. i. p. 482. + +Among the accounts of Christ Church, St. Catherine's, Aldgate, under the +year 1564, this entry occurs: + + "Paid for an hour-glass that hangeth by the pulpitt when the preacher + doth make a sermon that he may know how the hour passeth + away."--Malcolm's _Londinium_, vol. iii. p. 309., cited Southey's + _Common-Place Book_, 4th Series, p. 471. + +In Fosbrooke (_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) I find the following passage: + + "A stand for an hour-glass still remains in many pulpits. A rector of + Bibury (in Gloucestershire) used to preach two hours, regularly turning + the glass. After the text the esquire of the parish withdrew, smoaked + his pipe, and returned to the blessing." + +The authority for this, which Fosbrooke cites, is Rudder's +_Gloucestershire_, in "Bibury." It is added that lecturers' pulpits have +also hour-glasses The woodcuts in Hawkins's _Music_, ii. 332., are referred +to in support of this statement. I regret that I have no means of +consulting the two last-mentioned authorities. + +In 1681 some poor crazy people at Edinburgh called themselves the Sweet +Singers of Israel. Among other things, they renounced the limiting the +Lord's mind by _glasses_. This is no doubt in allusion to the hour-glass, +which Mr. Water, the editor of the fourth series of Southey's _Common-Place +Book_, informs us is still to be found, or at least its iron frame, in many +churches, adding that the custom of preaching by the hour-glass commenced +about the end of the sixteenth century. I cannot help thinking that an +earlier date must be assigned to this singular practice. (See Southey's +_Common-Place Book_, 4th series, p. 379.) Mr. Water states that one of +these iron frames still exists at Ferring in Sussex. The iron extinguishers +still to be found on the railing opposite large houses in London, are a +similar memorial of an obsolete custom. + +I trust some contributor to the "N. & Q." will be able to supply farther +illustrations of this custom. Should it be revived in our own times, I fear +most parishes would supply only a _half_-hour glass for the pulpit of their +church, however unanimous antiquity may be in favour of sermons of an +hour's duration. One advantage presented by this ancient and precise +practice was, that the squire of the parish knew exactly when it was time +to put out his pipe and return for the blessing, which he cannot ascertain +under the present uncertain and indefinite mode of preaching. Fosbrooke +(_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) states that the priest had sometimes a watch found +for him by the parish. The authority cited for this is the following entry +in the accounts of the Chantrey Wardens of the parish of Shire in Surrey: + + "Received for the priest's watch after he was dead, 13s. + 4d."--Manning's _Surrey_, vol. i. p. 531. + +This entry seems to be rather too vague and obscure to warrant the +inference drawn from it. This also may be susceptible of farther +illustration. + +A. W. S. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +THE MEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. + +Amongst the most interesting specimens of that collection certainly ranges +the skeleton of the above animal of a primaeval world, albeit but a cast; +the real bones, found in Buenos Ayres, being preserved in the Museum of +Madrid. To imagine a sloth of the size of a large bear, somewhat baffles +our imagination; especially if we ponder upon the size of trees on which +such a huge animal must have lived. To have placed near him a nondescript +branch (!!) of a palm, as has been done in the Museum here, is a terrible +mistake. Palms there were none at that period of telluric formation; +besides, no sloth ever could ascend an exogenous tree, as the simple form +of the coma of leaves precludes every hope of motion, &c. I never can view +those remnants of a former world, without being forcibly reminded of that +most curious passage in Berosus, which I cite from memory: + + "There was a flood raging then over parts of the world.... There were + to be seen, however, on the walls of the temple of Belus, + representations of animals, such as inhabited the earth before the + Flood." + +We may thence gather, that although the ancient world did not possess +museums of stuffed animals, yet, the first collection of _Icones_ is +certainly that mentioned by Berosus. I think that it was about the times of +the Crusades, that animals were first rudely preserved (stuffed), whence +the emblems in the coats of arms of the nobility also took their origin. I +have seen a MS. in the British Museum dating from this period, where the +delineation of a bird of the _Picus_ tribe is to be found. Many things +which the Crusaders saw in Egypt and Syria were so striking and new to +them, that they thought of means of preserving them as mementoes for +themselves and friends. The above date, I think, will be an addition to the +history of collections of natural history: a work wanting yet in the vast +domain of modern literature. + +A FOREIGN SURGEON. + +Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury Square. + + * * * * * {591} + + +REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS. + +In that varied and interesting of antiquarian and literary curiosities, "N. +& Q.," perhaps a collection of the prices paid by booksellers and +publishers for works of interest and to authors of celebrity might find a +corner. As a first contribution towards such a collection, if approved of, +I send some Notes made some years ago, with the authorities from which I +copied them. With regard to those cited on the authority of "R. Chambers," +I cannot now say from which of Messrs. Chambers's publications I extracted +them, but fancy it might have been the _Cyclopaedia of English Literature_. +To any one disposed to swell the list of the remunerations of authors, I +would suggest that Disraeli's _Curiosities of Literature_, Boswell's _Life +of Johnson_, Johnson's _Lives of the Poets_ and other works of every-day +handling, would no doubt furnish many facts; but all my books being in the +country, I have no means of searching, and therefore send my Notes in the +fragmentary state in which I find them:-- + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Title of Work. | Author. | Publisher. | Price. | Authority. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Gulliver's Travels | Dean Swift | Molte | 300l. |Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Tom Jones | H. Fielding | Miller | 600l. | Ditto. + | | | and 100l. | + | | | after | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Amelia | Ditto | Ditto | 1000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of England | Dr. Smollett| | 2000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Memoirs of Richard | | | | + Cumberland | Himself | Lackington | 500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Vicar of Wakefield |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | 50l. | Dr. Johnson. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Selections of | | | | + English Poetry | Ditto | | 200l. | Lee Lewis. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Deserted Village | Ditto | | 100l. | Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Rasselas | Dr. Johnson | | 100l. | + | | | and 24l. | Ditto + | | | after | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Traveller |Dr. Goldsmith|Newberry | 21l. | Wm. Irving +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Old English Baron | Clara Reeve | Dilly | | + | | (Poultry) | 10l. |Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Mysteries of | | Geo. | | +Udolpho |Ann Radcliffe| Robinson |500l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Italian | Ditto | |800l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Mount Henneth | Robert Bage | Lowndes |30l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Translation of | | Jacob | | + Ovid | John Dryden | Tonson |52l. 10s. |R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto of | | |1200l. | + Virgil | Ditto | Ditto |and | Ditto + | | |subscriptions| +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Fables and Ode | | | | + for St. Cecilia's | Ditto | Ditto | 250 guineas | Ditto + Day | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Paradise Lost | John Milton |Sam. Symmons|5l., 5l. 2nd | + | | |edit., and |Sir W. Scott. + | | |8l. | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Translation of | Alexander | | | + the Iliad | Pope | | 1200l. | R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto of the | | | | + Odyssey (half) | Ditto | | 600l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (remainder) | Ditto | Browne | 500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (ditto) | Ditto | Featon | 300l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Beggar's Opera | | | | + (1st part) | John Gay | | 400l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto (2nd part) | Ditto | |1100l. or | + | | |1200l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Three abridged | | | | + Histories of |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | About 800l. | Ditto. + England | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of | | | | + Animated Nature | Ditto | Ditto | 850l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Lives of the Poets | Dr. Johnson | | 210l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Evelina | Miss Burney | | 5l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of England | | | | + during the Reign | David Hume | | 200l. | + of the Stuarts | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (remainder) | Ditto | | 5000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of Scotland| Robertson | | 600l | Creech. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of Charles | | | | + V. | Ditto | | 4500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Decline and Fall | | | | + of the Roman | Gibbon | | 6000l. |R. Chambers. + Empire | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Sermons (1st part) | Blair | | 200l. | Creech +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto | Tillotson | | 2500 guineas| R. Chambers +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Childe Harold | | | | + (4th canto) | Lord Byron | | 2100l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Poetical Works | | | | + (whole) | Ditto | | 15,000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Lay of the | | | | + Last Minstrel |Sir W. Scott | Constable | 600l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Marmion | Ditto | Ditto | 1050l. | Miss Seward. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Pleasures of | Thos. | | | + Hope | Campbell | Mundell | 1050l. | R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Gertrude of | | | | + Wyoming | Ditto | Ditto |1500 guineas | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Poems | Crabbe | Murray | 3000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Irish Melodies | Thomas Moore| |500l. a year | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Spelling Book | Vyse | | 2200l. and | + | | | 50l. a year | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Philosophy of | | |1050l., 1st | + Natural History | Smellie | |edition and | + | | |50l. each | + | | |after | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Various | | | | + (aggregate) | Goethe | |30,000 crowns| Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto (ditto) |Chateaubriand| |500,000 francs| Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+------------- + +I perfectly agree with the suggestion of one of your correspondents, that, +in a publication like yours, dealing with historic facts, the +communications should not be anonymous, or made under _noms de guerre_. I +therefore drop the initials with which I have signed previous +communications, and append my name as suggested. + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + + * * * * * + + +COINCIDENT LEGENDS. + +In the Scandinavian portion of the _Fairy Mythology_, there is a legend of +a farmer cheating a Troll in an argument respecting the crops that were to +be grown on the hill within which the latter resided. It is there observed +that Rabelais tells the same story of a farmer and the Devil. I think there +can be no doubt that these are not independent fictions, but that the +legend is a transmitted one, the Scandinavian being the original, brought +with them perhaps by the Normans. {592} But what are we to say to the +actual fact of the same legend being found in the valleys of Afghanistan? + +Masson, in his _Narrative_, &c. (iii. 297.), when speaking of the Tajiks of +Lughman, says,-- + + "They have the following amusing story: In times of yore, ere the + natives were acquainted with the arts of husbandry, the Shaitan, or + Devil, appeared amongst them, and, winning their confidence, + recommended them to sow their lands. They consented, it being farther + agreed that the Devil was to be a _sherik_, or partner, with them. The + lands were accordingly sown with turnips, carrots, beet, onions, and + such vegetables whose value consists in the roots. When the crops were + mature the Shaitan appeared, and generously asked the assembled + agriculturists if they would receive for their share what was above + ground or what was below. Admiring the vivid green hue of the tops, + they unanimously replied that they would accept what was above ground. + They were directed to remove their portion, when the Devil and his + attendants dug up the roots and carried them away. The next year he + again came and entered into partnership. The lands were now sown with + wheat and other grains, whose value lies in their seed-spikes. In due + time, as the crops had ripened, he convened the husbandmen, putting the + same question to them as he did the preceding year. Resolved not to be + deceived as before, they chose for their share what was below ground; + on which the Devil immediately set to work and collected the harvest, + leaving them to dig up the worthless roots. Having experienced that + they were not a match for the Devil, they grew weary of his friendship; + and it fortunately turned out that, on departing with his wheat, he + took the road from Lughman to Barikab, which is proverbially intricate, + and where he lost his road, and has never been heard of or seen since." + +Surely here is simple coincidence, for there could scarcely ever have been +any communication between such distant regions in remote times, and the +legend has hardly been carried to Afghanistan by Europeans. There is, as +will be observed, a difference in the character of the legends. In the +Oriental one it is the Devil who outwits the peasants. This perhaps arises +from the higher character of the Shaitan (the ancient Akriman) than that of +the Troll or the mediaeval Devil. + +THOS. KEIGHTLEY. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VIII. + +I have to announce the detection of an important misprint, which completely +restores sense, point, and antithesis to a sorely tormented passage in +_King Lear_; and which proves at the same time that the corrector of MR. +COLLIER'S folio, in this instance at least, is undeniably in error. Here, +as elsewhere (whether by anticipation or imitation I shall not take upon me +to decide), he has fallen into just the same mistake as the rest of the +commentators: indeed it is startling to observe how regularly he suspects +every passage that they have suspected, and how invariably he treats them +in the same spirit of emendation (some places of course excepted, where his +courage soars far beyond theirs; such as the memorable "curds and cream," +"on a table of green frieze," &c.). + +I say that the error of "the old corrector," in this instance, is +_undeniable_, because the misprint I am about to expose, like the +egg-problem of Columbus, when once shown, demonstrates itself: so that any +attempt to support it by argument would be absurd, because superfluous. + +There are two verbs, one in every-day use, the other obsolete, which, +although of nearly opposite significations, and of very dissimilar sound, +nevertheless differ only in the mutual exchange of place in two letters: +these verbs are _secure_ and _r_ecu_s_e; the first implying _assurance_, +the second _want of assurance_, or refusal. Hence any sentence would +receive an opposite meaning from one of these verbs to what it would from +the other. + +Let us now refer to the opening scene of the Fourth Act of _King Lear_, +where the old man offers his services to Gloster, who has been deprived of +his eyes: + + "_Old Man._ You cannot see your way. + + _Gloster._ I have no way, and therefore want no eyes; + I stumbled when I saw: full oft 'tis seen + Our means _secure_ us, and our mere defects + Prove our commodities." + +Here one would suppose that the obvious opposition between _means_ and +_defects_ would have preserved these words from being tampered with; and +that, on the other hand, the _absence_ of opposition between _secure_ and +_commodious_ would have directed attention to the real error. But, no: all +the worretting has been about _means_; and this unfortunate word has been +twisted in all manner of ways, until finally "the old corrector" informs us +that "the printer read _wants_ 'means,' and hence the blunder!" + +Now, mark the perfect antithesis the passage receives from the change of +_secure_ into _recuse_: + + "Full oft 'tis seen + Our means recuse us, and our mere defects + Prove our commodities." + +I trust I may be left in the quiet possession of whatever merit is due to +this restoration. Some other of my humble _auxilia_ have, before now, been +coolly appropriated, with the most innocent air possible, without the +slightest acknowledgment. One instance is afforded in MR. KEIGHTLEY'S +communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 136., where that gentleman not +only repeats the explanation I had previously given of the same passage, +but even does me the honour of requoting the same line of Shakspeare with +which I had supported it. + +I did not think it worth noticing at the time, nor should I now, were it +not that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S {593} confidence in the negligence or want of +recollection in your readers seems not have been wholly misplaced, if we +may judge from MR. ARROWSMITH's admiring foot-note in last Number of "N. & +Q.," p. 568. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKESPEARE'S USE OF THE IDIOM "NO HAD" AND "NO HATH NOT." + +(Vol. vii., p. 520.) + +We are under great obligations to the REV. MR. ARROWSMITH for his very +interesting illustration of several misunderstood archaisms; and it may not +be unacceptable to him if I call his attention to what seems to me a +farther illustration of the above singular idiom, from Shakspeare himself. + +In _As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 3., where Rosalind has been banished by the +Duke her uncle, we have the following dialogue between Celia and her +cousin: + + "_Cel._ O my poor Rosalind! whither wilt thou go? + Wilt thou change fathers? I will give thee mine. + I charge thee, be not thou more grieved than I am. + + _Ros._ I have more cause. + + _Cel._ Thou hast not, cousin: + Pr'ythee be cheerful: know'st thou not, the duke + Hath banish'd me, his daughter? + + _Ros._ That he hath not. + + _Cel._ _No hath not?_ Rosalind lacks, then, the love + Which teacheth thee that thou and I _are_ one. + Shall we be sunder'd," &c. + +From wrong pointing, and ignorance of the idiomatic structure, the passage +has hitherto been misunderstood; and Warburton proposed to read, "Which +teacheth _me_," but was fortunately opposed by Johnson, although _he_ did +not clearly understand the passage. I have ventured to change _am_ to +_are_, for I cannot conceive that Shakspeare wrote, "that thou and I _am_ +one!" It is with some hesitation that I make this trifling innovation on +the old text, although we have, a few lines lower, the more serious +misprint of _your change_ for _the charge_. I presume that the abbreviated +form of _the = y^e_ was taken for for _y^r_, and the _r_ in _charge_ +mistaken for _n_; and in the former case of _am_ for _are_, indistinctness +in old writing, and especially in such a hand as, it appears from his +autograph, our great poet wrote, would readily lead to such mistakes. That +the correction was left to the printer of the first folio, I am fully +persuaded; yet, in comparison with the second folio, it is a correct book, +notwithstanding all its faults. That it was customary for men who were +otherwise busied, as we may suppose Heminge and Condell to have been, to +leave the correction entirely to the printer, is certain; for an +acquaintance of Shakspeare's, Resolute John Florio, distinctly shows that +it was the case. We have this pithy brief Preface to the second edition of +his translation of Montaigne: + + "_To the Reader._ + + "Enough, if not too much, hath beene said of this translation. If the + faults found even by myselfe in the first impression, be now by the + printer corrected, as he was directed, the work is much amended: if + not, know that through mine attendance on her Majesty, I could not + intend it; and blame not Neptune for my second shipwracke. Let me + conclude with this worthy man's daughter of alliance: 'Que t'ensemble + donc lecteur?' + + _Still Resolute_ JOHN FLORIO." + +S. W. SINGER. + +Mickleham. + +_Shakspeare_ (Vol. vii., p. 521.).--May I ask whether there is any +precedent (I think there can be no excuse) for calling Shakspeare's plays +"our national Bible"? + +A CLERGYMAN. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The Formation of the Woman_, Gen. ii. 21, 22.--The terms of Matthew Henry +on this subject, in his learned _Commentary_, have become quite commonplace +with divines, when speaking of the ordinance of marriage: + + "The woman was made of a rib out of the side of Adam: not made out of + his head, to top him; nor out of his feet, to be trampled upon by him; + but out of his side, to be equal with him; under his arm, to be + protected; and near his heart, to be beloved." + +Like many other things in his Exposition, this is not original with Henry. +It is here traced to the _Speculum Humanae Salvationis_ of the earliest and +rarest printed works. Some of your readers can probably trace it to the +Fathers. The verses which follow are engraven in block characters in the +first edition of the work named, and are copied from the fifth plate of +specimens of early typography in Meerman's _Origines Typographicae_: Hague, +MDCCLXV.: + + "Mulier autem in paradiso est formata + De costis viri dormientis est parata + Deus autem ipsam super virum honestavit + Quoniam Evam in loco voluptatis plasmavit, + Non facit eam sicut virum de limo terrae + Sed de osse nobilis viri Adae et de ejus carne. + Non est facta de pede, ne a viro despiceretur + Non de capite ne supra virum dominaretur. + Sed est facta de latere maritali + Et data est viro pro gloria et socia collaterali. + Quae si sibi in honorem collata humiliter praestitisset + Nunquam molestiam a viro unquam sustinuisset." + +O. T. D. + +_Singular Way of showing Displeasure._-- + + "The earl's regiment not long after, according to order, marched to + take possession of the town (Londondery); but at their appearance + before it the citizens clapt up the gates, and denyed them entrance, + {594} declaring their resolution for the king (William III.) and their + own preservation. Tyrconnel at the news of this was said _to have burnt + his wig, as an indication of his displeasure with the townsmen's + proceedings_."--_Life of James II._, p. 290. + +E. H. A. + +_The Maids and the Widows._--The following petition, signed by sixteen +maids of Charleston, South Carolina, was presented to the governor of that +province on March 1, 1733-4, "the day of the feast:" + + "To His Excellency Governor Johnson. + + "The humble Petition of all the Maids whose names are underwritten: + + "Whereas we the humble petitioners are at present in a very melancholy + disposition of mind, considering how all the bachelors are blindly + captivated by widows, and our more youthful charms thereby neglected: + the consequence of this our request is, that your Excellency will for + the future order that no widow shall presume to marry any young man + till the maids are provided for; or else to pay each of them a fine for + satisfaction, for invading our liberties; and likewise a fine to be + laid on all such bachelors as shall be married to widows. The great + disadvantage it is to us maids, is, that the widows, by their forward + carriages, do snap up the young men; and have the vanity to think their + merits beyond ours, which is a great imposition upon us who ought to + have the preference. + + "This is humbly recommended to your Excellency's consideration, and + hope you will prevent any farther insults. + + "And we poor Maids as in duty bound will ever pray. + + "P.S.--I, being the oldest Maid, and therefore most concerned, do think + it proper to be the messenger to your Excellency in behalf of my fellow + subscribers." + +UNEDA. + +_Alison's "Europe."_--In a note to Sir A. Alison's _Europe_, vol. ix. p. +397., 12mo., enforcing the opinion that the prime movers in all revolutions +are not men of high moral or intellectual qualities, he quotes, as from +"Sallust _de Bello Cat._," + + "In _turbis atque seditionibus_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et + quies bonis artibus _aluntur_." + +No such words, however, are to be found in Sallust: but the correct +expression is in Tacitus (_Hist._, iv. 1.): + + "Quippe in _turbas et discordias_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et + quies bonis artibus _indigent_." + +Sir A. Alison quotes, in the same note, as from Thucydides (l. iii. c. +39.), the following: + + "In the contests of the Greek commonwealth, those who were esteemed the + most depraved, and had the least foresight, invariably prevailed; for + being conscious of this weakness, and dreading to be overreached by + those of greater penetration, they went to work hastily with the sword + and poniard, and thereby got the better of their antagonists, who where + occupied with more refined schemes." + +This paragraph is certainly not in the place mentioned; nor can I find it +after a diligent search through Thucydides. Will Sir A. Alison, or any of +his Oxford friends, be good enough to point out the author, and indicate +where such a passage is really to be found? + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +_"Bis dat, qui cito dat"_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--_"Sat cito, si sat +bene."_--The first of these proverbs reminded me of the second, which was a +favourite maxim of Lord Chancellor Eldon. (See _The Life of Lord Chancellor +Eldon_, vol. i. p. 48.) I notice it for the purpose of showing that Lord +Eldon followed (perhaps unconsciously) the example of Augustus, and that +the motto is as old as the time of the first Roman emperor, if it is not of +more remote origin. The following is an extract from the Life of Augustus, +Sueton., chap. XXV.: + + "Nil autem minus in imperfecto duce, quam festinationem temeritatemque, + convenire arbitrabatur. Crebro itaque illa jactabat, [Greek: Speude + bradeos]. Et: + + '[Greek: asphales gar est' ameinon e thrasus stratelates].' + + Et, 'Sat celeriter fieri, quicquid fiat satis bene.'" + +Perhaps T. H. can give us the origin of these Greek and Latin maxims, as he +has of "Bis dat, qui cito dat" (Vol. i., p. 330). + +F. W. J. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +HOUSE-MARKS. + +Are there traces in England of what the people of Germany, on the shores of +the Baltic, call _Hausmaerke_, and what in Denmark and Norway is called +_bolmaerke_, _bomaerke_? These are certain figures, generally composed of +straight lines, and imitating the shape of the cross or the runes, +especially the so-called compound runes. They are meant to mark all sorts +of property and chattels, dead and alive, movable and immovable, and are +drawn out, or burnt into, quite inartistically, without any attempt of +colouring or sculpturing. So, for instance, every freeholder in Praust, a +German village near Dantzic, has his own mark on all his property, by which +he recognises it. They are met with on buildings, generally over the door, +or on the gable-end, more frequently on tombstones, or on epitaphs in +churches, on pews and old screens, and implements, cattle, and on all sorts +of documents, where the common people now use three crosses. + +The custom is first mentioned in the old Swedish law of the thirteenth +century (Uplandslagh, _Corp. Jur. Sveo-Goth._, iii. p. 254.), and occurs +almost at the same period in the seals of the citizens of the Hanse-town +Lubeck. It has been in common use {595} in Norway, Iceland, Denmark, +Sleswick, Holstein, Hamburgh, Lubeck, Mecklenburgh, and Pomerania, but is +at present rapidly disappearing. Yet, in Holstein they still mark the +cattle grazing on the common with the signs of their respective +proprietors; they do the same with the haystacks in Mecklenburgh, and the +fishing-tackle on the small islands of the Baltic. In the city of Dantzic +these marks still occur in the prayer-books which are left in the churches. + +There are scarcely any traces of this custom in the south of Germany, +except that the various towers of the city-wall of Nurnberg are said to +bear their separate marks; and that an apothecary of Strasburg, Merkwiller, +signs a document, dated 1521, with his name, his coat of arms, and a simple +mark. + +Professor Homeyer has lately read, before the Royal Academy of Berlin, a +very learned paper on the subject, and has explained this ancient custom as +significant of popular law, possibly intimating the close connexion between +the property and its owner. I am sorry not to be able to copy out the +Professor's collection of runic marks; but I trust that the preceding lines +will be sufficient in order to elicit the various traces of a similar +custom still prevalent, or remembered, in the British isles; an account of +which will be thankfully received at Berlin, where they have lately been +informed, that even the eyder-geese on the Shetlands are distinguished by +the marks of their owners. + +[alpha]. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_"Seductor Succo."_--Will any of your readers oblige me by giving me either +a literal or poetical translation of the following lines, taken from +Foulis, _Rom. Treasons_, Preface, p. 28., 1681? + + "Seductor Succo, Gallo Sicarius; Anglo Proditor; Imperio Explorator; + Davus Ibero; Italo Adulator; dixi teres ore,--Suitam." + +CLERICUS (D). + +_Anna Lightfoot._--T. H. H. would be obliged by any particulars relating to +Anna Lightfoot, the left-handed wife of George III. It has been stated that +she had but one son, who died at an early age; but a report circulates in +some channels, that she had also a daughter, married to a wealthy +manufacturer in a midland town. It is particularly desired to know in what +year, and under what circumstances, Anna Lightfoot died. + +_Queries from the "Navorscher."_--Did Addison, Steele, or Swift write the +"Choice of Hercules" in the _Tatler_? + +Was Dr. Hawkesworth, or, if not, who was, the author of "Religion the +Foundation of Content," an allegory in the _Adventurer_? + +In what years were born C. C. Colton, Pinnock, Washington Irving, George +Long, F. B. Head; and when died those of them who are no longer among us? + +Who wrote "Journal of a poor Vicar," "Story of Catherine of Russia," +"Volney Becker," and the "Soldier's Wife," in Chamber's _Miscellany_? + +Did Luther write drinking-songs? If so, where are they to be met with? + +_"Amentium haud Amantium."_--I should be glad to ascertain, and perhaps it +may be interesting to classical scholars generally to know, if any of your +correspondents or readers can suggest an English translation for the phrase +"amentium haud amantium" (in the first act of the _Andria_ of Terence), +which shall represent the alliteration of the original. The publication of +this Query may probably elicit the desired information. + +FIDUS INTERPRES. + +Dublin. + +_"Hurrah!" and other War-cries._--When was the exclamation "Hurrah!" first +used by Englishmen, and what was the war-cry before its introduction? Was +it ever used separately from, or always in conjunction with "H.E.P.! +H.E.P.?" Was "Huzza!" contemporaneous? What are the known war-shouts of +other European or Eastern nations, ancient or modern? + +CAPE. + +_Kissing Hands at Court._--When was the kissing of hands at court first +observed? + +CAPE. + +_Uniforms of the three Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II._--Being +very desirous to know where well authenticated pictures of officers in the +regimentals of the Foot Guards during the reign of Charles II. may be seen, +or are, I shall be greatly obliged to any reader of "N & Q." who will +supply the information. I make no doubt there are, in many of the private +collections of this country, several portraits of officers so dressed, +which have descended as heir-looms in families. I subjoin the colonels' +names, and dates of the regiments: + +1st Foot Guards, 1660: Colonel Russell, Henry Duke of Grafton. + +Coldstream Guards, 1650: General Monk. + +3rd Guards, 1660: Earl of Linlithgow. 1670: Earl of Craven. + +D. N. + +_Raffaelle's Sposalizio._--Will DIGITALIS, or any of your numerous +correspondents or readers, do me the favour to say why, in Raffaelle's +celebrated painting "Lo Sposalizio," in the gallery of the Brera at Milan, +Joseph is represented as placing the ring on the third finger of _right_ +hand of the Virgin? + +I noticed the same peculiarity in Ghirlandais's fresco of the "Espousals" +in the church of the Santa Croce at Florence. This I remarked to the +custode, an intelligent old man, who informed {596} me that the connexion +said to exist between the heart and the third finger refers to that finger +of the _right_ hand, and not, as we suppose, to the third finger of the +_left_ hand. He added, that the English are the only nation who place the +ring on the left hand. I do not find that this latter statement is borne +out by what I have seen of the ladies of continental Europe; and I suppose +it was an hallucination in my worthy informant. + +I must leave to better scholars in the Italian language than I am, to say +whether "Lo Sposalizio" means "Betrothal" or "Marriage:" certainly this +latter is the ordinary signification. + +I have a sort of floating idea that I once heard that at the ceremony of +"Betrothal," now, I believe, rarely if ever practised, it was customary to +place the ring on the right hand. I am by no means clear where I gleaned +this notion. + +G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH. + +Brompton. + +_"To the Lords of Convention."_--Where can I find the _whole_ of the ballad +beginning-- + + "To the Lords of Convention 'twas Claverh'se that spoke;" + +and also the name of the author? + +L. EVANS. + +_Richard Candishe, M.P._--Pennant (_Tour in Wales_, vol. ii. p. 48.) prints +the epitaph of "Richard Candishe, Esq., of a good family in Suffolk," who +was M.P. for Denbigh in 1572, as it appears on his monument in Hornsey +Church. Who was this Richard Candishe? The epitaph says he was "derived +from noble parentage;" but the arms on the monument are not those of the +noble House of Cavendish, which sprung from the parish of that name in +Suffolk. The arms of Richard Candishe are given as "three piles wavy gules +in a field argent; the crest, a fox's head erased azure." + +BURIENSIS. + +_Alphabetical Arrangement._--Can any one favour me with a reference to any +work treating of the date of the collection and arrangement in the present +form of the alphabet, either English, Latin, Greek, or Hebrew? or what is +the earliest instance of their being used to represent numerals? + +A. H. C. + +_Saying of Pascal._--In which of his works is Pascal's saying, "I have not +time to write more briefly," to be found; and what are the words in the +original? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Irish Characters on the Stage._--Would any of the contributors to "N. & +Q." oblige me with this information? Who, or how many, of the old English +dramatists introduced Irishmen into their _dramatis personae_? Did Ben +Jonson? Shadwell did. What others? + +PHILOBIBLION. + +_Family of Milton's Widow._--Your correspondent CRANMORE, in his article on +the "Rev. John Paget" ("N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 327.), writes thus: "Dr. +Nathan Paget was an intimate friend of Milton and cousin to the poet's +fourth (no doubt meaning his third) wife, Elizabeth Minshall, of whose +family descent, which appears to be rather obscure, I may at another time +communicate some particulars." + +Now, as more than a year has elapsed since the article referred to appeared +in your valuable columns, without the subject of Elizabeth Minshall's +descent having been farther noticed, I hope your correspondent will pardon +my soliciting him to supply the information he possesses relative thereto, +which cannot fail proving interesting to every admirer of our great poet. + +V. M. + +_Table-moving._--Was not Bacon acquainted with this phenomenon? I find in +his _Sylva Sylvarum_, art. MOTION: + + "Whenever a solid is pressed, there is an inward tumult of the parts + thereof, tending to deliver themselves from the compression: and this + is the _cause_ of all violent motion. It is very strange that this + motion has never been observed and inquired into; as being the most + common and chief origin of all mechanical operations. + + "This motion operates first in a round by way of proof and trial, which + way to deliver itself, and then in progression where it finds the + deliverance easiest." + +C. K. P. + +Newport, Essex. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Form of Petition, &c._--May I request the insertion of a Query, requesting +some of your readers to supply the _ellipsis_ in the form with which +petitions to Parliament are required to be closed, viz.: "And your +petitioners will ever pray, &c." To me, I confess, there appears to be +something like impiety in its use in its present unmeaning state. Would a +petition be rendered informal by any addition which would make it more +comprehensible? + +C. W. B. + + [The ellipsis appears to have varied according to circumstances: hence + we find, in an original petition addressed to the Privy Council + (apparently temp. Jac. I.), the concluding formula given at length + thus:--"And yo^r sup^{lt}, as in all dutie bounden, shall daylie pray + for your good L^{ps}." Another petition, presented to Charles I. at + Newark, A.D. 1641, closes thus: "And your petitioners will ever pray + for your Majesty's long and happy reign over us." Another, from the + Mayor and Aldermen of London, in the same year: "And the petitioners, + as in all duty bound, shall pray for your Majesty's most long and happy + reign." Again, in the same year, the petition of the Lay-Catholic + Recusants of England to the Commons closes thus: "And for so great a + charity your humble petitioners {597} shall ever (as in duty bound) + pray for your continual prosperity and eternal happiness." We do not + believe that any petition would be rendered informal by such addition + as would make it more comprehensible.] + +_Bibliography._--I am about to publish a brochure entitled _Notes on Books: +with Hints to Readers, Authors, and Publishers_; and as I intend to give a +list of the most useful bibliographical works, I shall feel much obliged to +any one who will furnish me with a list of the various _Printers' +Grammars_, and of such works as the following: _The Author's Printing and +Publishing Assistant; comprising Explanations of the Process of Printing, +Preparation and Calculation of MSS., Paper, Type, Binding, Typographical +Marks, &c._ 12mo., Lond. 1840. I have met with Stower's _Printers' +Grammar_, London, 1808. + +MARICONDA. + + [The following Printers' Grammars may be advantageously consulted; 1. + Hansard's _Typographia; an Historical Sketch of the Origin and Progress + of the Art of Printing_, royal 8vo. 1825. 2. Johnson's _Typographia; or + the Printers' Instructor_, 2 vols. 8vo. 1824. 3. Savage's _Dictionary + of the Art of Printing_, 8vo. 1841, the most useful of this class of + works. 4. Timperley's _Dictionary of Printers and Printing_, royal 8vo. + 1839. Stower also published _The Compositors' and Pressmen's Guide to + the Art of Printing_, royal 12mo. 1808; and _The Printer's Price Book_, + 8vo. 1814.] + +_Peter Francius and De Wilde._--In a little work on my shelf, with the +following title, + + "Petri Francii specimen eloquentiae exterioris ad orationem M. T. + Ciceronis pro A. Licin. Archia accommodatum. Amstelaedami, apud Henr. + Wetstenium M DC XCVII.]," + +occurs the following brief MS. note, after the text of the speech for +Archias: + + "Orationem hanc pro Archia sub Dno Petro Francio memoriter recitavi + Wilhelmus de Wilde in Athenaei auditorio Majore, a.d. xviii kal. + Januarias, a^{ni} 1699." + +The volume is 12mo., containing about 200 pp.; the text of the speech +occupying nearly 42 pp. + +Who was Peter Francius? Did De Wilde ever distinguish himself?" + +D. + + [Peter Francius, a celebrated Greek and Latin poet, was born in 1645 at + Amsterdam, afterwards studied at Leyden, and obtained the degree of + Doctor of Laws at Augers. In 1674, the magistrates of Amsterdam + appointed him Professor of History and Rhetoric, which office he held + till his death in 1704. See _Biographie Universelle_.] + +_Work by Bishop Ken._-- + + "A Crown of Glory the Reward of the Righteous; being Meditations on the + Vicissitude and Uncertainty of all Sublunary Enjoyments. To which is + added, a Manual of Devotions for Times of Trouble and Affliction: also + Meditations and Prayers before, at, and after receiving the Holy + Communion; with some General Rules for our Daily Practice. Composed for + the use of a Noble Family, by the Right Reverend Dr. Thomas Kenn, late + Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. Price 2s. 6d." + +I find the above in a list of "books printed for Arthur, Betterworth, &c.," +at the end of the 7th edition of Horneck's _Crucified Jesus_: London, 1727. +I do not remember to have seen any notice of this work in the recent +biographies of the saintly prelate to whom it is here attributed. + +E. H. A. + + [This work originally appeared under the following title: _The Royal + Sufferer; a Manual of Meditations and Devotions, written for the use of + a Royal though afflicted Family_, by T. K., D. D., 1669, and was + afterwards published with the above title. It has been rejected as + spurious by the Rev. J. T. Round, the editor of _The Prose Works of + Bishop Ken_, l838.] + +_Eugene Aram's Comparative Lexicon._--This talented criminal is said to +have left behind him collections for a dictionary of the Celtic, Hebrew, +Greek, Latin, and English languages, comprising a list of about 3000 words, +which he considered them to possess in common. Was this ever published? and +where are any notices of his works to be found? + +E. S. TAYLOR. + + [The following notice of Eugene Aram's Lexicon occurs in a letter + written by Dr. Samuel Pegge to Dr. Philipps, dated Feb. 18, 1760: "One + Eugene Aram was executed at York last year for a murder. He has done + something, being a scholar and a schoolmaster, towards a Lexicon on a + new plan. Hearing of this, I sent for the pamphlet, which contained + some account of his life, and the specimen of a Lexicon. He goes to the + Celtic, the Irish, and the British languages, as well as others; and + there are things, in the specimen that will amuse a lover of + etymologies." (_Gent. Mag._, 1789, p. 905.) Aram left behind him an + Essay relative to his intended work, from which some extracts are given + in Kippis's _Biographia Britannica_, s.v. The Lexicon does not appear + to have been printed.] + +_Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan._--I should feel obliged through the medium of +"N. & Q.," to be informed of the whereabouts of a locality in Scotland with +the above euphonious name. + +ALPHA. + + [Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan is situated in the island of Mull, and + county of Argyle.] + +_Coins of Europe._--Where can I find the fullest and most accurate tables +showing the relative value of the coins in use in different parts of +Europe? + +ALPHA. + + [Consult Tate's _Manual of Foreign Exchanges_, and the art. COINS in + M^cCulloch's _Dictionary of Commerce_.] + +_General Benedict Arnold._--Can any of the readers of "N.& Q." inform me +where General Arnold is buried? After the failure of his attempt to deliver +up West Point to the English, he escaped, went to England, and never +returned to his native {598} country. I have heard that he died about forty +years ago, near Brompton, England; and would be glad to have the date of +his death, and any inscription which may be on his tomb. + +W. B. R. + +Philadelphia. + + [General Arnold died 14th June, 1801, in the sixty-first year of his + age. His remains were interred on the 21st at Brompton.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +PARISH REGISTERS.--RIGHT OF SEARCH. + +In Vol. iv., p. 473. a Query on this subject is inserted, to which, in Vol. +v., p. 37., MR. CHADWICK replied. + +The question, one of great importance to the genealogist, has recently been +the subject of judicial decision, in the case of Steele _v._ Williams, +reported in the 17th volume of the _Jurist_, p. 464. (the Number for +Saturday, 28th May). + +At the opening of the argument, the Court of Exchequer decided that the +fees, &c. are regulated by the 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 86., "An Act for +registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England," which in the 35th +section enacts-- + + "That every rector, vicar, curate, and every registrar, registering + officer, and secretary, who shall have the keeping, for the time being, + of any register book of births, deaths, or marriages, shall at all + reasonable times allow searches to be made of any register book in his + keeping, and shall give a copy, certified under his hand, of any entry + or entries in the same, on payment of the fee hereinafter mentioned; + that is to say, for every search extending over a period not more than + one year, the sum of 1s., and 6d. additional for every additional year; + and the sum of 2s. 6d. for every single certificate." + +MR. CHADWICK seemed to consider this section only applied to "civil +registration;" but this view is, I apprehend, now quite untenable. + +The case was, whether a parish clerk had a right to charge 2s. 6d., where +the party searching the register did not require "certified copies," but +only made his own extracts; _and it is decided he has no such right_. + +Mr. Baron Parke in his judgment says: + + "I think this payment was not voluntary, because the defendant" [the + parish clerk] "told the plaintiff, that if he did not pay him for + certificates, in all cases in which he wanted to make extracts, he + should not make a search at all. _I think the plaintiff had at all + events a right to make a search, and during that time make himself + master, as he best might, of the contents of the book, and could not be + prevented from so doing by the clerk_ in whose custody they were; who + in the present case insisted that if he wanted copies he must have + certificates with the signature of the incumbent. For the 1s. he paid, + the applicant had a right to look at all the names in one year. He had + no right to remain an unreasonable time looking at the book; nor + perhaps, strictly speaking, was the parish clerk bound to put it into + his hands at all: for the clerk has a right to superintend everything + done, and might fairly say to a man, 'Your hands are dirty: keep them + in your pockets.' The applicant could therefore only exercise his right + of search during a reasonable time, and make extracts that way. _If a + man insists on taking himself a copy of anything in the books, that + case is not provided for by the statute_: but if he requires a copy + certified by the clergyman, then he must pay an additional fee for it. + + "It was consequently _an illegal act_ in the defendant to insist that + the plaintiff should pay 2s. 6d. for each entry in the book, of which + he might choose to make an extract," &c. + +Mr. Baron Martin says: + + "With respect to the statute, counsel (Mr. Robinson) says, because + taking extracts is not mentioned in the statute, it is competent for a + parish clerk to take an extra payment for allowing them to be made. + Where a man is allowed by statute to receive money, it is, as it were, + by virtue of a contract that the statute makes for him, and he cannot + make a contract for a different sum. The defendant here is bound by the + entirety of the statute; _he may be paid for a search_, OR _for a + certified copy_, BUT THERE IS NO INTERMEDIATE COURSE." + +This decision will, I hope, have the effect of removing the difficulties so +often experienced in making searches for genealogical purposes. At all +events, the person making such search can now _safely_ make his own notes, +none daring _lawfully_ to make him afraid. I have to apologise for the +length of this letter. + +G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH. + +12. King's Bench Walk, Temple. + + * * * * * + + +THE HONOURABLE MISS E. ST. LEGER, A FREEMASON. + +(Vol. iv., p. 234.) + +There is an inquiry in Vol. iv., p. 234., as to whether there is any truth +in the story, that the Honourable Miss E. St. Leger was made a freemason; +and as no account of the circumstances has yet appeared in your pages, I +send you the following statement, which has been extracted from _The +Patrician_. Apart from its value as a record of this singular fact, it +contains other particulars which you may deem worthy of preservation in "N. +& Q." + + "The Hon. Elizabeth St. Leger as the only female who was ever initiated + into the ancient and honourable mystery of Freemasonry. How she + obtained this honour we shall lay before our readers, having obtained + the only genuine information from the best sources. + + "Lord Doneraile, Miss St. Leger's father, a very zealous mason, held a + warrant, and occasionally opened Lodge at Doneraile House, his sons and + some intimate friends assisting; and it is said that never were the + masonic duties more rigidly performed than by the brethren of No. 150, + the number of their warrant. + + "It appears that previous to the initiation of a gentleman to the first + steps of masonry, Miss St Leger, {599} who was a young girl, happened + to be in an apartment adjoining the room generally used as a + lodge-room; but whether the young lady was there by design or accident, + we cannot confidently state. This room at the time was undergoing some + alteration: amongst other things, the wall was considerably reduced in + one part, for the purpose of making a saloon. + + "The young lady having heard the voices of the Freemasons, and prompted + by the curiosity natural to all, to see this mystery so long and so + secretly locked up from public view, she had the courage to pick a + brick from the wall with her scissors, and witnessed the ceremony + through the first two steps. Curiosity gratified, fear at once took + possession of her mind; and those who understand this passage, well + know what the feelings of any person must be who could unlawfully + behold that ceremony. Let them then judge what were the feelings of a + young girl, under such extraordinary circumstances. + + "Here was no mode of escape except through the very room where the + concluding part of the second step was still being solemnised; and that + being at the far end, and the room a very large one, she had resolution + sufficient to attempt her escape that way, and with light but trembling + step glided along unobserved, laid her hand on the handle of the door, + and gently opening it, before her stood, to her dismay, a grim and + surly _tiler_, with his long sword unsheathed. A shriek that pierced + through the apartment alarmed the members of the lodge, who all rushing + to the door, and finding that Miss St. Leger had been in the room + during the ceremony, in the first paroxysm of their rage, it is said, + her death was resolved upon; but from the moving and earnest + supplication of her younger brother, her life was spared, on condition + of her going through the two steps of the solemn ceremony she had + unlawfully witnessed. This she consented to do, and they conducted the + beautiful and terrified young lady through those trials which are + sometimes more than enough for masculine resolution, little thinking + they were taking into the bosom of their craft a member that would + afterwards reflect a lustre on the annals of Masonry. + + "Miss St. Leger was directly descended from Sir Robert De St. Leger, + who accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and was of that high + repute that he, with his own hand, supported that prince when he first + went out of his ship to land in Sussex. + + "Miss St. Leger was cousin to General Anthony St. Leger, Governor of + St. Lucia, who instituted the interesting race and the celebrated + Doncaster St. Leger stakes. + + "Miss St. Leger married Richard Aldworth, Esq., of Newmarket, a member + of a highly honourable and ancient family, long celebrated for their + hospitality and other virtues. Whenever a benefit was given at the + theatres in Dublin or Cork for the Masonic Orphan Asylum, she walked at + the head of the Freemasons, with her apron and other insignia of + Freemasonry, and sat in the front row of the stage box. The house was + always crowded on those occasions. + + "The portrait of this estimable woman is in the lodge room of almost + every lodge in Ireland." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +WEATHER RULES. + +(Vol. vii., p. 522.) + +Your correspondent J. A., jun., invites further contributions on the +subject to which he refers. Though by no means infallible, such prognostics +are not without a measure of truth, founded as they are on habits of close +observation: + + 1. "Si sol splendescat Maria Purificante + Major erit glacies post festum quam fuit ante." + +Rendered thus: + + "When on the Purification sun hath shin'd, + The greater part of winter comes behind." + + 2. "If the sun shines on Easter-day, it shines on Whit + Sunday likewise." + +To this I may add the French adage: + + "Quel est Vendredi tel Dimanche." + +From a MS. now in my possession, dating two centuries back, I extract the +following remarks on "Times and Seasons," as not wholly unconnected with +the present subject: + + "Easter-day never falleth lower than the 22nd of March, and never + higher than the 25th of April." + + "Shrove Sunday has its range between the 1st of February and the 7th of + March." + + "Whit Sunday between the 10th of May and the 13th of June." + + "A rule of Shrovetide:--The Tuesday after the second change of the moon + after New Year's-day is always Shrove Tuesday." + +To these I may perhaps be permitted to add certain cautions, derived frown +the same source: + + "The first Monday in April, the day on which Cain was born, and Abel + was slain. + + "The second Monday in August, on which day Sodom and Gomorrah were + destroyed. + + "The 31st of December, on which day Judas was born, who betrayed + Christ. + + "These are dangerous days to begin any business, fall sick, or + undertake any journey." + +We smile at the superstition which thus stamps these several periods as +days of ill omen, especially when we reflect that farther inquiry would +probably place every other day of the week under a like ban, and thus +greatly impede the business of life--Friday, for instance, which, since our +Lord's crucifixion on that day, we are strongly disinclined to make the +starting-point of any new enterprise. + +In many cases this superstition is based on unpleasing associations +connected with the days proscribed. Who can wonder if, in times less +enlightened than our own, undue importance were attached to the strange +coincidence which marked the deaths of Henry VIII. and his posterity. They +all died on a Tuesday; himself on Tuesday, January 28, 1547; Edward VI. on +Tuesday, July 6, {600} 1553; Mary on Tuesday, November 17, 1558; Elizabeth +on Tuesday, March 24, 1603. + +JOHN BOOKER. + +Prestwich. + +It is a saying in Norwich,-- + + "When three daws are seen on St. Peter's vane together, + Then we are sure to have bad weather." + +I think the observation is tolerably correct. + +ANON. + + * * * * * + + +SCOTCHMEN IN POLAND. + +(Vol. vii., p. 475.) + +In the debates about a union with Scotland in 1606, the "multiplicities of +the Scots in Polonia" formed one of the arguments of the opposing party, +who thought that England was likely to be overrun in a similar fashion. +According to Wilson (_Hist. of James I._, p. 34.), the naturalisation of +the Scots-- + + "Was opposed by divers strong and modest arguments. Among which they + brought in the comparison of Abraham and Lot, whose families joining, + they grew to difference, and to those words, 'Vade tu ad dextram, et + ego ad sinistram.' It was answered, That speech brought the captivity + of the one; they having disjoined their strength. The party opposing + said, If we admit them into our liberties, we shall be overrun with + them; as cattle, naturally, pent up by a slight hedge, will over it + into a better soil; and a tree taken from a barren place will thrive to + excessive and exuberant branches in a better,--witness the + _multiplicities of the Scots in Polonia_. + + "To which it was answered, That if they had not means, place, custom, + and employment (not like beasts, but men), they would starve in a + plentiful soil, though they came into it. And what springtide and + confluence of that nation have housed and familied themselves among us, + these four years of the king's reign? And they will never live so + meanly here as they do in Polonia; for they had rather discover their + poverty abroad than at home." + +This last "answerer" was Lord Bacon. In his speech "Of general +Naturalisation" (_Works_, vol. v. p. 52.), he asserts that the +"multiplication of Scots in Polonia" must of necessity be imputed + + "To some special accident of time and place that draws them thither; + for you see plainly before your eyes, that in Germany, which is much + nearer, and in France, where they are invited with privileges, and with + this very privilege of naturalisation, yet no such number can be found; + so as it cannot either be nearness of place, or privilege of person, + that is the cause." + +What these "special accidents" were, it would be interesting to ascertain. +Large bodies of men were levied in Scotland during the latter half of the +sixteenth century, for the service of Sweden, and employed in the Polish +wars. Can these have turned merchants, or induced others to follow them? In +1573, Charles de Mornay brought 5000 Scots to Sweden. In 1576, whilst they +were serving in Livonia, a quarrel broke out between them and a body of +Germans also in the Swedish pay, and 1500 Scots were cut down. (_Geiger_, +ch. xii.) + +I believe MR. CUNNINGHAM will find some notices of Scottish merchants in +Poland in Lithgow's _Travels_, which I have not at present by me. + +RICHARD JOHN KING. + + * * * * * + + +MR. JUSTICE NEWTON. + +(Vol. vii., p. 528.) + +Sir Richard Newton was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1438 to 1444, +and died Dec. 13th, 1444, and was buried in a chapel of Bristol Cathedral. +(Collins's _Baronage_, vol. iii. p. 145.) He assumed the name of Newton, +instead of Caradoc, from Newton in Powysland. (Collinson's _Somersetshire_, +East Harptrie); and, as Camden, p. 60., says, the Newtons "freely own +themselves to be of Welsh extraction, and not long ago to have been called +Caradocks." These Caradocs were descended from the ancient kings of Wales. +Sir Richard Newton was twice married: 1. to a daughter of Newton, of +Crossland; and 2. to Emmett, daughter of John Harvey, of London, according +to a MS. in the British Museum; but, according to Somersetshire and +Gloucestershire Visitations, to Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Perrott, of +Islington. He had issue by both marriages, and from the second descended +Sir John Newton, who was created a baronet 12 Car. II., and died in 1661. +The baronetcy was limited in remainder, at its creation, to John Newton, of +Hather, in Lincolnshire, and he became the second baronet. There are +several pedigrees tracing the descent from Sir Richard to the first +baronet; but I have not yet seen the descent to the second baronet, though +there can be no doubt that he was also descended from Sir Richard, +otherwise the baronetcy could not have been limited to him; and probably he +was the next male heir of the first baronet, as that is the usual mode of +limiting titles. In the Heralds' College there is a pedigree of Sir Isaac +Newton, signed by himself, in which he traces his descent to the brother of +the ancestor of the second baronet. It should seem, therefore, that Sir +Isaac was himself descended from the Chief Justice. It would confer a great +obligation on the writer if any of your readers could afford any assistance +to clear up the pedigree of the second baronet. + +As to the representatives of Sir Richard, I doubt whether his heir is +discoverable, although there are many descendants now living who trace +their descent through females. + +C. S. G. + + * * * * * {601} + + +THE MARRIAGE RING. + +(Vol. vii., p. 332.) + +I cannot agree with the answer given, under the above reference, to the +question of J. P.: "How did the use of the ring, in the marriage ceremony, +originate?" The answer given is taken from Wheatly's _Rational +Illustration_, &c., and is in substance this:--The ring anciently was a +_seal_, and the delivery of this seal was a sign of confidence; and as a +ceremony in marriage, its signification is, that the wife is admitted to +the husband's counsels. From this argument, and the supposed proofs of it, +I beg to dissent; and I conceive that Wheatly has not thrown any light upon +the origin of this beautiful ceremony. To bear out his view, it would be +necessary to prove that a signet ring had originally been used for the +wedding ring--a matter of no slight difficulty, not to say impossibility. + +What I take to be the real meaning of the ring as a part of the marriage +ceremony, I will now give. It has a far higher meaning in the ceremony, and +a more important duty to perform than merely to signify the admission of +the wife into the counsels of the husband. Its office is to teach her the +duty she owes to her husband, rather than the privilege of admission into +his counsels. The ring is a preacher, to teach her lessons of holy wisdom +referring to her state of life. + +A ring, whenever used by the church, signifies, to use the words of +liturgical writers, "integritatem fidei," the perfection of fidelity, and +is "fidei sacramentum," the badge of fidelity. Its form, having no +beginning and no end, is the emblem of eternity, constancy, integrity, +fidelity, &c.; so that the wedding ring symbolises the eternal or entire +fidelity the wife pledges to her husband, and she wears the ring as the +badge of this fidelity. Its office, then, is to teach and perpetually +remind her of the fidelity she owes to her husband, and swore to him at the +marriage ceremony. + +The wedding ring is to the wife precisely what the episcopal ring is to the +bishop, and _vice versa_. The language used during the ceremony to the one +is very similar to that used to the other, as the object of the ceremony +and use of the ring is the same. A bishop's ring, as we read, signifies +"integritatem fidei," _i. e._ that he should love as himself the church of +God committed to him as his bride. When he receives the ring at his +consecration, the words used are, "Accipe annulum, _fidei scilicet +signaculum_, quatenus sponsam Dei, sanctum videlicet ecclesiam, intemerata +fide ornatus illibate custodias:" (Receive the ring, the badge of fidelity, +to the end that, adorned with inviolable fidelity you may guard without +reproach the spouse of God, that is, His Holy Church). + +Hence the office of the episcopal ring throws light upon the office of the +wedding ring; and there can be no doubt whatever that its real meaning is, +in the latter as in the former case, to signify the _eternal fidelity and +constancy_ that should subsist between the married couple. + +That this is the correct view of the meaning of the wedding ring is farther +confirmed by the prayer used in blessing the ring: "Benedic, Domine, +annulum hunc ... ut quae eum gestaverit, _fidelitatem integram_ suo sponso +tenens, in pace et voluntate tua permaneat, acque in mutua charitate semper +vivat."--_Rituale_, &c. + +CYREP. + + * * * * * + + +CANADA, ETC. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 380. 504.) + +My former Note on the origin of this name suggests a question, which, if +you think it worthy of a place in "N. & Q.," may interest many besides +myself, viz. At what period and by whom was that part of North America +called Canada? + +To the French it appears always to have been known as "La Nouvelle France." +La Hontan, who quitted the country 1690, I think, calls it Canada. Lajitan +certainly does, as well as many other old authors. + +In a map of North America, date 1769, the tract bordering on the St. +Lawrence, lately called Upper and Lower Canada, is designated "The Province +of Quebec;" whilst the region to the northward, lying between it and +Hudson's Bay, has the word Canada in much larger letters, as if a general +name of the whole. That the name is slightly altered from an Indian word is +probable, but not so that it was used by the Indians themselves, who, in +the first place, were not in the habit of imposing general names on large +districts, although they had significant ones for almost every locality; +the former were usually denominated the land of the Iroquois, of the +Hurons, &c., _i. e._ of the people dwelling, on, and in possession of it. +Even allowing that the Indians may have had a general name for the country, +it is very unlikely that one so unmeaning as "Kanata" would have been +imposed upon it by a people whose nomenclature in every other case is so +full of meaning. + +Moreover, although the Mic-macs of Gaspe may have called themselves +Canadians according to Lescarbot, yet we are told by Volney, that-- + + "The Canadian savages call themselves 'Metoktheniakes' (born of the + sun), without allowing themselves to be persuaded of the contrary by + the Black Robes," &c.--Vol. ii. p. 438. + +The following, to the same purpose, is from the _Quarterly Review_, vol. +iv. p. 463.: + + "'Tapoy,' which we understand from good authority to be the generic + appellation by which the North American tribes distinguish themselves + from the whites," &c. + +{602} + +Now I should imagine both Lescarbot and Champlain, knowing nothing of the +language, and probably having very bad interpreters, must have made a great +mistake in supposing the Gaspesiens called themselves Canadians, for I have +questioned several intelligent Mic-Macs on the subject, and they have +invariably told me that they call themselves "Ulnookh" or "Elnouiek," +"_Ninen elnouiek!--We are Men._" But Mic-mac? "O, Mic-mac all same as +Ulnookh." The latter word strictly means Indian-man, and cannot be applied +to a white. Mic-mac is the name of their tribe, and, they insist upon it, +always has been. Again, Kanata is said to be an Iroquois word, and, +consequently, not likely to have been in use amongst a tribe of the Lenape +family, which the Mic-macs are. It does not appear that we have any +authority for supposing the country was ever called Canada by the Indians +themselves. + +It is curious enough that as Canada was said to derive from an exclamation, +"Aca nada!" so the capital has been made to take its name from another; +"Quel bec!" cried one of Champlain's Norman followers, on beholding Cape +Diamond. As in the former case, however, so in this, we have evidence of +more probable sources of the name, which I will enumerate as briefly as +possible. The first, and a very probable one, is the fact, that the strait +between Quebec and St. Levi side of the river, was called in the Algonquin +language "Quebeio," _i. e._ a narrowing,--a most descriptive appellation, +for in ascending the river its breadth suddenly diminishes here from about +two miles to fourteen or fifteen hundred yards from shore to shore. + +The little river St. Charles, which flows into the St. Lawrence on the +northern side of the promontory, is called in the Indian language +(Algonquin?) Kabir or Koubac, significant of its tortuous course, and it is +from this, according to La Potherie, that the city derives its name of +Quebec. + +Mr. Hawkins, in his _Picture of Quebec, &c., 1834_, denies the Indian +origin of the word, since, as he says, there is no analogous sound to it in +any of their languages; and he assumes a Norman origin for it on the +strength of "Bec" being always used by the Normans to designate a +promontory in the first place; and secondly, because the word Quebec is +actually found upon a seal of the Earl of Suffolk, of historical celebrity +temp. Hen. V. and VI., which Mr. Hawkins supposes to have been the name of +some town, castle, or barony in Normandy. + +Such are the pros and cons, upon which I do not presume to offer any +opinion; only I would observe, that if there are no analogous sounds in the +Indian languages, whence come Kennebec and other similar names? + +A. C. M. + +Exeter. + +Surely in the "inscription on a seal (1420), in which the Earl of Suffolk +is styled 'Domin_e_ [?] de Hamburg et de Quebec,'" the last word must be a +misprint for _Lubec_, the sister city of Hamburg. MR. HAWKINS'S etymology +seems to rest on no more substantial foundation than an error of the press +in the work, whichever that may be, from which he quotes. + +JAYDEE. + + * * * * * + + +SELLING A WIFE. + +(Vol. vii., p. 429.) + +The popular idea that a man may legally dispose of his wife, by exposing +her for sale in a public market, may not improbably have arisen from the +correlation of the terms _buying_ and _selling_. Your correspondent V. T. +STERNBERG need not be reminded how almost universal was the custom among +ancient nations of purchasing wives; and he will admit that it appears +natural that the commodity which has been obtained "per aes et libram"--to +use the phrase of the old Roman law touching matrimony--is transferable to +another for a similar consideration, whenever it may have become useless or +disagreeable to its original purchaser. However this may be, the custom is +ancient, and moreover appears to have obtained, to some extent, among the +higher orders of society. Of this an instance may be found in Grimaldi's +_Origines Genealogicae_, pp. 22, 23. (London, 1828, 4to.) The deed, by which +the transaction was sought to be legalised, runs as follows: + + "To all good Christians to whom this writ shall come, John de Camoys, + son and heir of Sir Ralph de Camoys, greeting: Know me to have + delivered, and yielded up of my own free will, to Sir William de + Paynel, Knight, my wife Margaret de Camoys, daughter and heiress of Sir + John de Gatesden; and likewise to have given and granted to the said + Sir William, and to have made over and quit-claimed all goods and + chattels which the said Margaret has or may have, or which I may claim + in her right; so that neither I, nor any one in my name, shall at any + time hereafter be able to claim any right to the said Margaret, or to + her goods and chattels, or their pertinents. And I consent and grant, + and by this writ declare, that the said Margaret shall abide and remain + with the said Sir William during his pleasure. In witness of which I + have placed my seal to this deed, before these witnesses: Thomas de + Depeston, John de Ferrings, William de Icombe, Henry le Biroun, Stephen + Chamberlayne, Walter le Blound, Gilbert de Batecumbe, Robert de Bosco, + and others." + +This matter came under the cognisance of Parliament in 1302, when the grant +was pronounced to be invalid. + +Now, we may fondly believe that this transaction, which occurred five +hundred and fifty years ago, was characteristic alone of that dark and +distant period, and that no parallel can be found in modern {603} times (at +least in a decent class of society, and recognised by legal sanction) to +justify the lively French dramatists in seizing upon it as a trait of +modern English manners. A transaction, however, came before the public eye +a month or two ago, which, should you think the following record of it +worth preservation as a "curiosity of legal experience," may lead your +readers to a different conclusion: + + "A young man, named W. C. Capas, was charged at the Public Office, + Birmingham, Jan. 31, 1853, with assaulting his wife. The latter, in + giving her evidence, stated that her husband was not living with her, + but was 'leased' to another female. Upon inquiry by the magistrate into + this novel species of contract, the document itself was produced in + court, and read. It ran as follows: + + "'Memorandum of agreement made and entered into this second day of + October, in the year of our Lord 1852, between William Charles Capas, + of Charles-Henry Street, in the borough of Birmingham, in the county of + Warwick, carpenter, of the one part, and Emily Hickson, of Hurst + Street, Birmingham aforesaid, spinster, of the other part. Whereas the + said William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson have mutually agreed with + each other to live and reside together, and to mutually assist in + supporting and maintaining each other during the remainder of their + lives, and also to sign the agreement hereinafter contained to that + effect: now, therefore, it is hereby mutually agreed upon, by and + between the said William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson, that they the + said, &c., shall live and reside together during the remainder of their + lives, and that they shall mutually exert themselves by work and + labour, and by following all their business pursuits, to the best of + their abilities, skill, and understanding, and by advising and + assisting each other, for their mutual benefit and advantage, and also + to provide for themselves and each other the best supports and comforts + of life which their means and income may afford. And for the true and + faithful performance of this agreement, each of the said parties + bindeth himself and herself unto the other finally by this agreement, + as witness the hands of the said parties, this day and year first above + written." + +Here follow the signatures of the consenting parties. The girl Hickson was +examined, and admitted that she had signed the document at the office of a +Mr. Campbell, the _lawyer_(!) who prepared it, and that his charge for +drawing up the same was, she believed, 1l. 15s. The latter promised her, at +the same time, that if the wife of Capas gave her any annoyance he would +put in that paper as evidence. The magistrates, considering the assault +proved, fined Capas 2s. 6d., and "commented in very strong terms on the +document which had that day been brought before them." (See _Birmingham +Journal_, Jan. 5th, 1853.) Has a similar transaction come before the notice +of your correspondents? + +I may add that we are informed by the _Birmingham Argus_ for March, 1834, +that in that month a man led his wife by a halter to Smithfield Market in +that town, and there publicly offered her for sale. + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + +ENOUGH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 455.) + +This word, when written or pronounced _enow_, is regarded as a plural, and +relates to _number_. In this sense it is employed in Northampton and other +Midland counties, and is found in old writers. If the word was always +pronounced _enow_, it must be long since. The distinction above hinted at +prevailed in Waller's time, and he conforms to it in the examples quoted. +Butler, in _Hudibras_, has both: + + "This b'ing professed we hope _enough_, + And now go on where we left off.' + Part i. canto 2. 44. + +Again, line 1153. of the same canto: + + "For though the body may creep through, + The hands in grate are _enough_;" + +an apparent exception, but not really such. (See also canto 3. 117. 285., +where it rhymes with "off," as also line 809. At line 739. it written +_enow_, and rhymes with "blow.") + +And again, 873: + + "My loss of honour's great _enough_, + Thou needst not brand it with a scoff." + +Other examples may be quoted from the same author. + +In a song, written upon the Restoration of Charles II., we have the +following: + + "Were not contented, but grew rough, + As though they had not won _enough_." + _Loyal Arms_, vol. i. p. 244. + +In the _Lamentable Tragedy of Cambises_, written early in the reign of +Elizabeth, the word occurs: + + "Gogs sides, knaves, seeing to fight ye be so rough, + Defend yourselves, for I will give ye bothe _inough_." + +In _Lusty Juventus, a Morality_, temp. Edward VI., is the following: + + "Call them Papistes, hipocrites, and joyning of the plough; + Face out the matter, and then good _ynough_." + +Here certainly the distinction disappears, as in the next and last example +from _Candlemas Day_, "Ao. Do. 1512," where Joseph is speaking: + + "Take hym in your armys, Mary, I you pray, + And of your swete mylke let him sowke _inowe_, + Mawger Herowd and his grett fray: + And as your spouse, Mary, I shall go with you." + +It would seem therefore, that this word has had its present pronunciation +about three centuries. {604} Its derivation is directly from the Saxon +_genoh_, but the root is found in many other languages, as the German, +Dutch, Danish, &c. + +B. H. C. + +MR. WRIGHT supposes there has been a change in the pronunciation of this +word, and inquires when it took place. Now, if my conjecture be correct, +there may have been no change, and these are two words,--not one pronounced +differently. Both the instances quoted by him are in conformity with my +opinion, viz. that where the sense is "a sufficient _quantity_," either in +substance, quality, or action, we should make use of _enough_; yet where a +sufficient _number_ is intended, we should pronounce and write _enow_. I +recollect (being a native of Suffolk) that I was laughed at by the boys of +a school in a western county, nearly seventy years ago: but I was not then +laughed out of my word, nor am I likely now to be argued out of it. + +P.S.--I see that Johnson's _Dictionary_ gives the same statement about +_enough_ and _enow_. This answer is therefore superfluous. Johnson gives +numerous instances of the use of _enow_ from our best authors. + +H. C. R. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Mr. Wilkinson's Mode of levelling Cameras._--As you have done me the +honour to notice my simple invention for levelling cameras, which I have +since had an opportunity of trying in the open air for a week, and find to +succeed perfectly, I wish to correct some errors which appeared in the +_Photographic Journal_, from which you copied my remarks, and which arose +from the notes being taken down from my verbal observations. The first part +is perfectly correct but after l. 9. col. 2. "N. & Q." (Vol. vii., p. 462.) +it should read thus: + +"The other perpendicular is then sought for; the back or front of the +camera being raised or lowered until the thread cuts the perpendicular +lines drawn upon the sides of the camera. By this means a perfectly +horizontal plane is obtained, as true as with the best spirit-levels, and +in less time. By tying three knots in the silk at twelve inches distance +from the one bullet and from each other, we have a measure for stereoscopic +pictures; and by making the thread thirty-nine inches and two-tenths long +from one bullet to the centre of the other, we obtain a pendulum vibrating +seconds, which is useful in talking portraits; as it will continue +vibrating for ten minutes, if one bullet be merely hung over any point of +suspension." + +Thus we obtain a levelling instrument, a chronometer, and a measure of +distances, at a cost considerably under one penny. + +The above will more fully explain to your correspondent [Phi]. (Vol. vii., +p. 505.) my reasons for the length of thread stated; and with respect to +the diagonal lines on the ground glass, it is not material what may be the +distance of the principal object, whether six feet or six hundred: for if +the cross lines, or any other lines drawn on the glass, cut the central +object in the picture at any particular part--for example, the window of +any particular house, or the branch of any tree,--then the camera may be +removed to higher or lower ground, several feet or inches, to the right or +to the left, and the same lines be made to cut the same objects, previously +noted; the elevation will then be the same, which completes all that is +required. + +In most stereoscopic pictures, the distances are too wide. For a portrait, +two inches and half to three inches, at nine or twelve feet distant, is +enough; and for landscapes much less is required than is generally given, +for no very great accuracy is necessary. Three feet, at three hundred +yards, is quite enough; and four to six feet, at a mile, will do very well. +Let experiment determine: for every photographer must learn his profession +or amusement; there is no royal road to be depended on. But a small +aperture, a quarter of an inch diameter, may be considered a good practical +size for a lens of three and a quarter inches, depending on light and time: +the smaller the aperture, the longer the time; and no rules can be given by +any one who does not know the size and quality of the lenses employed. +Every one can make a few trials for himself, and find it out; which will be +more satisfactory than any instructions derived from books or +correspondence. I obtain all the information I can from every source, then +try, and judge for myself. At worst, you only spoil a few sheets of paper, +and gain experience. + +I perfectly agree with DR. DIAMOND, that it is much better not to wash the +collodion pictures after developing; but pour on about one drachm of sat. +sol. hypo. at once, and then, when clear, plenty of water; and let water +rest on the surface for an hour or more, before setting on edge to dry. + +HENRY WILKINSON. + +_Collodion Negative._--Can you inform me how a collodion negative may be +made? that is, how you can ensure the negative being always of a _dense +enough character to print from_. This is rarely the case. + +F. M. + +_Developing Collodion Process._--I use to develope my collodion pictures M. +Martin's plan, _i. e._ a solution of common copperas made a little acid +with sulphuric acid. This answers very well and gives to the pictures, +after they have been exposed an hour or two to the atmosphere, a +silver-like appearance: but this copperas solution seems to destroy the +_glass_ for using _a second time_, inasmuch as a haziness is cast upon the +glass, and its former enamel seems lost, not to be regained even by using +acids. The hyposulphite also seems to be affected by this manner of +developing the {605} pictures after a short time, which is not the case +with pyrogallic acid. The hypo., when thus affected with the copperas, +appears also to throw a mist over the picture, which new hypo. does _not_. +I should esteem it a favour if any of your numerous readers could inform me +the cause of this. + +A. A. P. + +_An iodizing Difficulty._--May I request the favour, from some one of your +numerous photographic correspondents, of a solution to the following +apparent enigma, through the medium of "N. & Q."? + +Being located in a neighbourhood where there is a scarcity of water in the +summer months, I lately took advantage of a pool in a running stream, which +ran at the bottom of the grounds of a friend, to soak my calotype papers +in, subsequent to having brushed them over with the solution of iodide of +silver, according to the process recommended by SIR W. NEWTON. One-half of +the batch was removed in about two hours and a half, being beautifully +clean, and of a nice light primrose colour; and in consequence of an +unexpected call and detention longer than I had anticipated, the other half +was left floating from two o'clock P.M. until seven or eight in the evening +(nearly six hours), when, much to my chagrin, I found on their removal that +they had all, more or less, become browned, or, rather, had taken on a +dirty, deep, nankeen colour, those that had been first floated being +decidedly the worst. I had previously thought that the papers _must_ be +left _at least_ two and a half to three hours, a longer period having no +other effect than that of softening the papers, or, at most, of allowing +some slight portion of the iodide to fall off from their surface, whereas, +from the above-described discoloration, an evident decomposition must have +commenced, which I am quite at a loss to account for; neither can I +conjecture what the chemical change can have been. I have several times +before prepared good papers in trays filled with water from the same +stream, but from the quantity running in the brook in the spring months, I +never before have had the chance of floating them in the stream itself. + +An explanation of the above difficulty from some obliging and +better-informed photographist would be very thankfully received by + +HENRY H. HELE. + +Ashburton, Devon. + +P.S.--The pool of water was well shaded, consequently not a ray of bright +sunlight could possibly impinge on the papers while floating. + +I have always understood that _pure_ iodide of silver was quite insensible +to the action of light, or to any other chemical change, as far as the +action of atmospheric air was concerned. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bishop Frampton_ (Vol. iii., p 261.).--For some account of this excellent +man, see chapter xxxi. of Mr. Anderdon's _Life of Bishop Ken_, where are +given some very interesting letters, that are printed from the MSS. in the +possession of Dr. Williams, Warden of New College, Oxford. Frampton appears +to have been at one time chaplain to the British Factory at Aleppo. +Mandeville, in the Dedication prefixed to his _Journey from Aleppo to +Jerusalem_, makes honourable mention of him, and attributes the highly +creditable character of the society to the influence of that incomparable +instructor. When the funeral procession of Christian, Countess of +Devonshire, halted at Leicester, on the way to Derby, a sermon was preached +on the occasion by Frampton, who was then chaplain to the Earl of Elgin, +the Countess's near relative. In sending these scraps, allow me to express +the hope that MR. EVANS has not laid aside his intention of favouring us +with a Life of Frampton. + +E. H. A. + + [We cordially join in the wish expressed by our correspondent, that the + Vicar of Shoreditch will before long favour us with the publication of + the manuscript life of this amiable prelate, written, we believe, by + his chaplain. It appears to us doubtful whether the bishop ever + published any of his sermons, from what he states in a letter given in + the Appendix to _The Life of John Kettlewell_. "I have often," he says, + "been in the pulpit, in season and out of season, and also bold and + honest enough there, God be praised; but never in the _printing-house_ + yet; and believe I never shall be." The longest printed account of this + deprived bishop is given in Rudder's _History and Antiquities of + Gloucester_; and no doubt many particulars respecting him and other + Nonjurors may be found in the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library.] + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432; Vol. vii. _passim_).--At Dunblane +the collection of books bequeathed by the amiable Leighton is still +preserved. At All Saints, Newcastle-on-Tyne, I once saw, among some old +books in the vestry, a small quarto volume of tracts, including Archbishop +Laud's speech in the Star Chamber, at the censure of Bastwick, Burton, and +Prynne. It had been presented by the Rev. E. Moise, M. A., many years +lecturer of that church. + +The old library at St. Nicholas, Newcastle-on-Tyne, contains many curious +books and MSS., particularly the old Bible belonging to Hexham Abbey. This +library was greatly augmented by the munificent bequest of the Rev. Dr. +Thomlinson, rector of Whickham, prebendary of St. Paul's, and lecturer of +St. Nicholas, who died at an advanced age, in 1748, leaving all his books +to this church. In 1825 Archdeacon Bowyer presented a series of lending +libraries--ninety-three in all--to the several parishes in the county of +Northumberland. {606} They are in the custody of the incumbent for the time +being. Lastly, there is a very valuable library at Bamburgh Castle, the +bequest of Dr. Sharp: the books are allowed to circulate gratuitously +amongst the clergy and respectable inhabitants of the adjoining +neighbourhood. + +E. H. A. + +The Honourable Mrs. Dudleya North died in 1712. Her choice collection of +books in oriental learning were "by her only surviving brother, the then +Lord North and Grey, given to the parochial library at Rougham, in Norfolk, +founded by the Hon. Roger North, Esq., for the use of the minister of that +parish, and, under certain regulations and restrictions, of the +neighbouring clergy also, for ever. Amongst these there is, in particular, +one very neat pocket Hebrew Bible in 12mo., without points, with silver +clasps to it, and bound in blue Turkey leather, in a case of the same +materials, which she constantly carried to church with her.... In the first +leaf of all the books that had been hers, when they were deposited in that +library," was a Latin inscription, setting forth the names of the late +owner, and of the donor of these books. (Ballard's _Memoirs of British +Ladies_. 8vo. 1775, p. 286.) + +ANON. + +_Pierrepont_ (Vol. vii., p. 65.).--John Pierrepont, of Wadworth, near +Doncaster, who died 1st July, 1653, is described on a brass plate to his +memory, in the church at Wadworth, as "generosus." He was owner of the +rectory and other property there. It appears from the register that he +married, 18th April, 1609, Margaret, daughter and coheir of Michael +Cocksonn, Gent., of Wadworth and Crookhill, and by her (who was buried 22nd +July, 1620) he had + +MARY (ultimately only daughter and heir), baptized at Wadworth, 27th July, +1612; married John Battie, of Wadworth, Gent., and had issue, + + Francis Battie, of Wadworth, Gent., who died without issue, 1682; + having married Martha, daughter of Michael Fawkes, Esq., of Farnley. + + Elizabeth, wife of John Cogan, of Hull. + + Margaret, wife of William Stephens, Rector of Sutton, Bedfordshire. + +FRANCES, bap. 1st July, and bur. Aug. 12, 1616. + +JOHN, bap. 19th Aug., 1617; bur. Feb. 10, 1629-30. + +GEORGE, bur. 26th Jan., 1631-2. + +The arms on the memorial to John Pierrepont are--A lion rampant within +eight roses in orle. + +N.B.--By the _second_ wife of the above John Battie there was issue, now +represented by William Battie Wrightson, Esq., M.P. of Cusworth. + +C. J. + +_Passage in Orosius_ (Vol. vii., pp. 399. 536.).--I cannot exactly +subscribe to the three propositions of MR. E. THOMSON, which he deduces +from his observations on "twam tyncenum" in Alfred's _Orosius_. In the +first place, the sentence in which the word _tyncenum_ occurs is perfectly +gratuitous on the part of Alfred, or whoever paraphrased Orosius in +Anglo-Saxon. No such assertion appears in Orosius, so that we have no means +of comparing it with the original. + +The occurrence, as recounted by both Orosius and Herodotus, is attributed +to a _horse_ (a sacred horse, Herod.), not to a _horseman_, _knight_, or +_thane_. What is meant by the Anglo-Saxon text is, certainly, anything but +clear, as it stands in Barrington's edition; and he himself confesses this, +and does not admit it into his English translation. + +Dr. Bosworth seems to have wisely omitted the word in the second edition of +his dictionary; and Thorpe confesses he can make nothing of it, in his +_Analecta_. We find no such word in Caedmon, Beowulf, or the _Saxon +Chronicle_; and the only reference made by Dr. Bosworth, in his first +edition, is to this very place in Alfred's _Orosius_, in which he seems to +have followed Lye. + +May it not have been an error in the earlier transcribers of the MS., and +the real word have been _twentigum_, _i. e._ he ordered his thane to pass +over the river _with twenty men_, since the thane, by himself, could have +been but of little use on the other side the river? However this may be, +the fact is not historical at all, and therefore, as respects history, is +of little consequence. + +JOHN ORMAN, M.A. + +Cambridge. + +_Pugna Porcorum_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--The author of this poem, as is +generally believed (though its production has also been assigned to +Gilbertus Cognatus or Cousin), was Joannes Leo Placentius, or Placentinus, +of whom the following account is given in the _Biographie Universelle_: + + "Jean-Leo Placentius ou Le Plaisant, n'est connu que comme l'auteur + d'un petit poeme _tautogramme_, genre de composition qui ne peut offrir + que le frivole merite de la difficulte vaincue. Ne a Saint Trond, au + pays de Liege, il fit ses etudes a Bois-le-Duc, dans l'ecole des + Hieronomytes; embrassa la vie religieuse, au commencement du seizieme + siecle, dans l'ordre des Dominicains, et fut envoye a Louvain pour y + faire son cours de theologie. Les autres circonstances de sa vie sont + ignorees; et ce n'est que par conjecture qu'on place sa mort a l'annee + 1548. On peut consulter sur cet ecrivain, la _Bibl. Belgica_ de + Foppens, et les _Scriptores ordin. Praedicator._ des PP. Quetif et + Echard." + +[Greek: Alieus]. + +Dublin. + +This production appears to have been merely designed as a display of the +writer's skill. Dr. Brown notices it in his _Philosophy of the Mind_, lect. +36; and Ebert: "PORCIUS, _Pugna Porcorum_, per P. Porcium, Poetam (J. +Leonem), without {607} place, 1530, 8vo., 8 leaves. Printed in Italics, and +probably at Cologne or in Holland." He enumerates several other editions, +the last of which is that of Walch, 1786. + +B. H. C. + +_Oaken Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--These are rare. Three of +the latter exist at Little Horkesley, Essex. Two are figures of +cross-legged knights in chain armour and surcoats: one is a female figure +wimpled. They are supposed by Suckling to represent members of the +Horkesley family, who held that manor from 1210 to 1322. + +Another instance is the effigy of a cross-legged knight in chain mail at +Danbury in the same county. An account of these will be found in vol. iii. +of Weale's _Architectural Papers_. + +At Ashwell, Rutland, is an effigy in wood of a cross-legged knight, also in +chain mail, if I remember rightly. It is not quite evident, from the +description in Weale's book, whether there are three effigies at Danbury or +only one. Of the same material is the figure of Isabella of Angouleme at +Fontevrault. A catalogue of these wooden effigies would be interesting. + +CHEVERELLS. + +_Bowyer Bible_ (Vol. vii., _passim_).--Relative to the history and various +possessors of this curious Bible, I find the following notice in _The +Times_, Oct. 14, 1840: + + "There is at present, in the possession of Mrs. Parker of Golden + Square, a copy of Macklin's Bible in forty-five large volumes, + illustrated with nearly 7000 engravings from the age of Michael Angelo + to that of Reynolds and West. The work also contains about 200 original + drawings or vignettes by Loutherbourg. + + "The prints and etchings include the works of Raffaelle, Marc Antonio, + Albert Durer, Callot, Rembrandt, and other masters, consisting of + representations of nearly every fact, circumstance, and object + mentioned in the Holy Scriptures. There are, moreover, designs of + trees, plants, flowers, quadrupeds, birds, fishes, and insects; such + as, besides fossils, have been adduced in proof of the universal + Deluge. The most authentic Scripture atlasses are bound up with the + volumes. The Bible was the property of the late Mr. Bowyer the + publisher, who collected and arranged the engravings, etchings, and + drawings at great expense and labour; and he is said to have been + engaged for upwards of thirty years in rendering it perfect. It was + insured at the Albion Insurance Office for 3000l." + +In the British Museum are several large works, particularly British +topography, illustrated in a similar manner, and which thus contain +materials of the rarest and most valuable description. Of these I would +only at present mention Salmon's _Hertfordshire_ illustrated by +Baskerville, and Lysons's _Environs_, in the King's Library. A long list of +such valuable works might be furnished from the Museum catalogues. + +One of the most laborious collectors of curious prints of every kind was +John Bagford, whose voluminous collections are amongst the Harleian MSS. in +many folio volumes, in which will be found illustrations of topography to +be met with nowhere else. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 504.).--Our friend A. J. is certainly not +one of the "remnant of true believers." By way of aiding in the crusade to +convert him to the faith, I hereunder quote a couple of instances, "within +the age of registers," which I trust will in some degree satisfy his pagan +incredulity. The parish registers of the township of Church Minshull, in +Cheshire, begin in 1561, and in the portion for the year 1649 appears the +following: + + "Thomas Damme, of Leighton, buried the 26th of February, being of the + age of seven score and fourteen." + +This entry was made under the "Puritan dispensation," when the parish +scribe was at any rate supposed to be an "oracle of truth." Here, however, +is another instance, culled from the Register of Burials for the parish of +Frodsham, also in Cheshire: + + "1512/3. Feb. 12. Thomas Hough, cujus aetas CXLI." + +And again, on the very next day after-- + + "---- Feb. 13. Randle Wall, aetas 104." + +I have met with other instances, but those now enumerated will probably +suffice for my present purpose. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +John Locke, baptized 17th December, 1716, in the parish of Coney Weston, +was buried in Larling parish, county of Norfolk, 21st July, 1823. He is +registered as 110 years of age. He and his family always said that he was +three years old when he was baptized. I saw and conversed with him in Jan. +1823. + +F. W. J. + +_Lady Anne Gray_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--Referring to Sir John Harington's +poem, I do not find that the Christian name of the Lady Gray is set down at +all; the words of the stanza are,-- + + "First doth she give to _Grey_, + The falcon's curtesse kind." + +I find in the pedigrees, British Museum, a "Lady Anne Grey" (daughter to +John Lord Grey of Pirgo, brother to Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk) _married_ +to "Henry Denny of Waltham," father to the Earl of Norwich of that name. +She was his first wife, and dying without issue, he married again "Lady +Honora Grey, daughter of Lord Grey de Wilton;" but I scarce think this Lady +Anne Grey could have been the maid of honour to the princess. The number of +Greys of different stocks and branches at that period, are beyond counting +or distinguishing from each other, and yet the fall of a queen's maid of +honour should be {608} easily traceable. Isabella Markham, one of the six +ladies, married Sir John Harington himself. + +On referring to Lodge's _Illustrations_, I find the Lord John Grey one of +those noblemen appointed to attend Queen Elizabeth on her _entree_ from +Hatfield to London on her accession, so that his daughter may well have +been one of her maids of honour; yet from comparison of dates I think she +can scarce have been the wife of Henry Denny. + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + +_Sir John Fleming_ (Vol. vii., p. 356.).--If CARET can obtain access to the +pedigree of the Flemings of Rydal Hall, Westmoreland, I anticipate he will +find that this Sir John was the third son of Sir Michael le Fleming, who +came over at the instance of Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, to assist King +William in his conquest of England. I may add that the Rydal family, +honoured with a baronetcy, Oct. 4, 1704, bear for their arms--"Gules, a +fret argent." + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Life_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Campbell, in his lines entitled _A Dream_, +writes: + + "Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver! + Life's career so void of pain, + As to wish its fitful fever + New begun again?" + +Though everybody knows the line-- + + "After life's fitful fever he sleeps well"-- + +I think Campbell might have acknowledged his adoption of the words by +marking them, and might have improved his own lines (with all deference be +it said) if he had written-- + + "Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver! + _Thy_ career so void of pain, + As to wish 'life's fitful fever' + New begun again?" + +F. JAMES. + + "I would not live my days over again if I could command them by a wish, + for the snares of life are greater than the fears of death." (Penn's + father, the Admiral.) + +Penn himself said, that if he had to live his life over again, he could +serve God, his neighbour, and himself better than he had done. Considering +the history of the father and son's respective lives (and of those I before +alluded to), though the latter's remarks may appear presumptuous, which +showed the most _wisdom_ is an open question. Does not H. C. K.'s +professional experience enable him to give a more certain opinion of +ordinary men's feelings than is expressed in "I fear not?" + +A. C. + +_Family of Kelway_ (Vol. vii., p. 529.).--In reply to the Query as to this +family in "N. & Q." of May 28, I beg to mention that in MS. F. 9. in the +Heraldic MSS. in Queen's College library, Oxford, is a pedigree of the +family of Kelway of Shereborne, co. Dorset, and White Parish, Wilts. + +The arms are beautifully tricked. There is a bordure engrailed to the +Kelway coat. With it are these quarterings: 2, a leopard's face g. entre +five birds close s., three in chief, two in base. 3, az. a camel statant +arg. Crest, on a wreath arg. and g. a cock arg. crested, beaked, wattled, +az. + +D. P. + +_Sir G. Browne, Bart._ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--The particulars given by +NEWBURY, while introducing his Query, are extremely vague and inaccurate. +In the first place, the individual he styles _Sir_ George Browne, _Bart._, +was in reality simple George Browne, _Esq._, of Caversham, Oxon, and +Wickham, Kent. This gentleman, who would have been a valuable acquisition +to any nascent colony, married Elizabeth (_not_ Eleanor), second daughter +of Sir Richard Blount, of Maple Durham, and had by her nineteen children, +pretty evenly divided as to sex: for I read that of the daughters, three at +least died young; other three became nuns and one married ---- Yates, Esq., +a Berkshire gentleman. Of the sons, three, as NEWBURY relates, fell +gloriously fighting for Charles, their sovereign. Neither of these latter +were married: indeed, the only sons who ventured at all into the bonds of +wedlock were George, the heir, and John, a younger brother. George married +Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Englefield, Knt., a Popish +recusant, and left two daughters, his co-heiresses. John, his brother, +created a baronet May 19th, 1665, married Mrs. Bradley, a widow, and had +issue three sons and three daughters. The sons, Anthony, John, and George, +inherited the baronetcy in succession, the two former dying bachelors: the +third son, Sir George, married his sister-in-law, Gertrude Morley, and left +three sons, the first of whom, Sir John, succeeded his father; and with him +the baronetcy became dormant, if not indeed extinct. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Americanisms, so called_ (Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., p. 51.).--Thurley +Bottom, near Great Marlow, dear to "the Fancy," may be added to the list of +J. S.'s. + +F. JAMES. + +_Sir Gilbert Gerard_ (Vol. v., pp. 511. 571.; Vol. vi., p. 441.).--Sir +Gilbert Gerard, Master of the Rolls temp. Queen Elizabeth, died on the 4th +of February, and was interred on the 6th of March, 1592 (Old Style), in +Ashley Church, in Staffordshire. The style most probably led Dugdale into +the error noticed by your learned correspondent MR. FOSS, in his last +communication to "N. & Q.," relative to the probate of Sir Gilbert Gerard's +will. I beg to forward you an extract taken from the Parish Register of +Ashley, which, {609} it will be seen, not only records the burial, but +likewise, rather unusually, the precise day of his death, a little more +than a month intervening between the two events, which possibly might be +accounted for. On a careful examination of Sir Gilbert's tomb, I did not +find (which agrees with Dugdale) any epitaph thereon,--a somewhat +remarkable circumstance, inasmuch as Sir Thomas Gerard (Sir Gilbert +Gerard's eldest son and heir, who was created Baron Gerard, of Gerard's +Bromley, where his father had built a splendid mansion, a view of which is +in Plot's _History of Staffordshire_, page 103., not a vestige of which +beyond the gateway is now standing) is said by the Staffordshire historians +to have erected a monument to the memory of his father at great expense; a +drawing of which is given by Garner in his _Natural History of +Staffordshire_, p. 120., with a copious description of the tomb. + + _Extract. Annus 1592._ + + "4 Die Februarii mortuus est Gilbert Gerard, Miles, et Custos + Rotulorium Serenissimae Reginae Elizabethae; et sepultus 6 die Martii + sequentis." + +T. W. JONES. + +Nantwich. + +_Tombstone in Churchyard._--_Arms: Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., pp. 331. 390. +407. 560.).--It appears that I may conclude that 1600 is the oldest +_legible_ date on a tombstone inscription. That of 1601 is cut in relief +round the edge of a long free-stone slab, raised on a course of two or +three bricks, and is in Henllan, near Denbigh. + +The battle-axes (three in fesse) are on the wall over it. I am obliged to +J. D. S.; but in both my cases the arms appear as connected with Welsh +families; but it is the above that I want to identify. + +A. C. + +A correspondent asks for instances of dates on tombstones earlier than +1601. I know of one, at Moore Church in the county of Meath, within five +miles of Drogheda. It is as early as 1597; the letters, instead of being +sunk, are in relief. I subjoin a copy of the inscription: + + "HERE VNDER LIETH THE + BODY OF DAME IENET + SARSFELD, LADY DOWAGER + OF DONSANY, WHO DIED THE + XXII OF FEBRVARY, AN. DNI. + 1597." + +M. E. + +Dublin. + +_Thomas Gage_ (Vol. vi., p. 291.).--Thomas Gage (formerly a Dominican +friar, and author of the _English American_, 1648--as I saw the work +entitled--subsequently a Puritan preacher), is, I imagine, identical with +Thomas Gage, minister of the Gospel at Deal in Kent, whom your +correspondent A. B. R. inquires about, p. 291. If so, he became chaplain to +Lord Fairfax, and, according to Macaulay, was not unlikely to have married +some dependent connexion of that family. + +E. C. G. + +_Marriage in High Life_ (Vol. vi., p. 359.).--I have often heard a similar +story, from an old relation of mine with whom I lived when a girl; and she +had heard it from her father,--which would carry the time of its occurrence +back to the date 1740, named by your correspondent. My informant's father +knew the parties, and I have repeatedly heard the name of the bridegroom; +but whether Wilbraham or Swetenham, I do not now remember. Both Wilbrahams +and Swetenhams are old Cheshire families, and have intermarried. I am +almost certain a Wilbraham was the hero of the story. I have had the house +pointed out to me where he lived, and it was not above a couple of hours' +drive from Chester, whither we were going in the old-fashioned way of +carriage-conveyance. I am sure he was not a peer, though, if a Wilbraham, +he might be related to the late (first) Lord Skelmersdale. + +There is one other little circumstance, which the reference to those former +times has reminded me of,--the pronunciation of the word _obliged_ (as in +the Prologue to the _Satires_, where Pope says: + + "By flatterers besieged, + And so obliging that he ne'er obliged), + +which the old lady that I have referred to, maintained was the proper +pronunciation for _obleege_, to confer a favour; whereas the harsher sound, +to _oblige_, was discriminatively reserved for the equivalent, to compel. +She was a well-educated woman, and had associated with the good society of +London in her youth; and she always complained of the want of taste and +judgment shown by the younger generation, in pronouncing the same word, +with two distinct meanings, alike in both cases. + +E. C. G. + +_Eulenspiegel_ (Vol. vii., p. 557.).--The German verses under MR. CAMPKIN'S +portrait of Eulenspiegel, rendered into English prose, mean: + + "Look here at Eulenspiegel: his portrait makes thee laugh. + What wouldst thou do, if thou couldst see the jester himself? + But Till is a picture and mirror of this world. + He left many a brother behind. We are great fools + In thinking that we are the greatest sages: + Therefore laugh at thyself, as this sheet represents thyself." + +From the orthography, I do not think that the lines are much anterior to +the beginning of the eighteenth century. The names of the artist will be +the safest guides for discovering the date of the print. + +[alpha]. {610} + +"_Wanderings of Memory_" (Vol. vii., p. 527.).--The author of _Wanderings +of Memory_, published by subscription at Lincoln in 1815, 12mo. pp. 151., +was a young man "in his apprenticeship," of the name of A. G. Jewitt. He +dedicates the book to his father, Mr. Arthur Jewitt, Kimberworth School, +Yorkshire. Nearly the whole of the embellishments were engraved by a +younger brother of the author, "who at the time had not attained his +sixteenth year, and who had not the opportunity of profiting by any regular +instructions." + +There are some good lines in the poem, but not enough to rescue it from +that fate which poetical mediocrity is irreversibly doomed to. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The reputation which Mr. Finlay has acquired by his _History of Greece_, +and his _Greece under the Romans_, will unquestionably be increased by his +newly published _History of the Byzantine Empire from DCCXVI. to MLVII._ +The subject is one of great interest to the scholar; and the manner in +which Mr. Finlay has traced the progress of the eastern Roman empire +through an eventful period of three centuries and a half, and while doing +so enriched his pages with constant reference to the original historians, +has certainly enabled him to accomplish the object which he has avowedly +had in view, namely, that of making his work serve not only as a popular +history, but also as an index for scholars who may be more familiar with +classic literature than with the Byzantine writers. + +We understand that Her Majesty and Prince Albert, with that appreciation of +the beautiful and the useful for which they are distinguished, have shown +their opinion of the value of photography by becoming the Patrons of the +_Photographic Society_. + +The _Camden Society_ is about to put to press a work which will be of great +value to our topographical writers, as well as to historians generally, +namely, _The Extent of the Estates of the Hospitalers in England, taken +under the direction of Prior Philip de Thame_, A.D. 1338. The original MS. +is at Malta; and though the transcript of it was made by a most competent +hand, we have reason to believe that our correspondent at La Valetta +(W. W.) would be doing good service both to the Society and to the world of +letters, and one which would be most acceptable to the Transcriber, if he +could find it convenient to revise the proof sheets with the original +document. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Cyclopaedia Bibliographica, a Library Manual of +Theological and General Literature._ Part IX. of this useful Library +Companion extends from _Goethe_ to _Matthew Henry_.--_Reynard the Fox, after +the German Version of Goethe, with Illustrations, by J. Wolf._ Part VI. +Contains Chap. VI. The Relapse.--Messrs. Longman have added to their +_Traveller's Library_ (in two parts) an interesting and cleverly written +account of our _Coal Mines, and those who live in them_, which gives a +graphic picture of the places and persons to whom we are all for so many +months indebted for our greatest comfort.--Mr. Bohn continues his good work +of supplying excellent books at moderate prices. We are this month indebted +to him for publishing in his _Scientific Library_ the third volume of Miss +Ross' excellent translation of Humboldt's _Personal Narrative of his +Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America_, which is enriched with a +very copious index. In his _Classical Library_ he has given us +_Translations of Terence and Phaedrus_; and in his _Antiquarian Library_, +the second volume of what, in spite of the laches pointed out by one of our +correspondents, we must pronounce a most useful work for the mere English +reader, the second volume of Mr. Riley's translation of _Roger de Hoveden's +Annals of English History_, which completes the work. Probably, however, +the volume which Mr. Bohn has just published in his _Standard Library_ is +the one which will excite most interest. It is issued as a continuation of +Coxe's _History of the House of Austria_, and consists (for the most part) +of a translation of Count Hartig's _Genesis of the Revolution in Austria_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +KING ON ROMAN COINS. + +LORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson, 1736. + +JAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I. +4to. 1794. + +WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832. + +WALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683. + +WARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818. + +AUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth, 1842. + +SANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794. +Two Copies. + +LOMBARDI (PETRI) SENTENTIARUM, Lib. IV. Any good edition. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +D. A. A. _will find an answer to his Query, "Was St. Patrick ever in +Ireland?" in our_ 5th Vol. p. 561., _from the pen of that accomplished +scholar, the_ REV. DR. ROCK. + +_We have to apologise to many of our Shakspearian correspondents for the +delay which has taken place in the insertion of their communications._ +A. E. B. _will perceive that we have complied with his request in +substituting for immediate publication the paper he sent this week, instead +of one by him which has been in type for two or three weeks._ + +_The coincident communications from two correspondents on Falstaff's +death_,--MR. SINGER_'s valuable emendation of a passage in_ Romeo and +Juliet,--_and_ MR. BLINK_'s and_ MR. RAWLINSON_'s respective +communications, shall have our earliest attention._ + +_We are also compelled to postpone our usual replies to Photographic +Querists._ + +MR. MERRITT_'s Photographic specimens are very satisfactory. There can be +no doubt that, with perseverance, he will accomplish everything that can be +desired in this useful and pleasing art._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ {611} + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's Canson Freres, La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the +attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of +his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the +efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability +and convenience of the Folding Ditto. + +Every description of Apparatus to order. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared; at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 241/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next +Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks or liabilities; the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy; the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank; +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _L s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN. +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. {612} + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, in 8vo. pp. 542, price 12s. 6d. + +HISTORY OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By GEORGE FINLAY, +ESQ., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Literature. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + +Who have lately published, by the same Author, + +GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: A Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the +time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman Empire +in the East, B.C. 146--A.D. 717. 8vo., pp. 554, price 16s. + +HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by +the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204--1461. 8vo. pp. 520, price +12s. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, in 8vo., price 16s., + +DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN AND CONNECTION OF THE GOSPELS; With a SYNOPSIS +of the PARALLEL PASSAGES in the ORIGINAL and AUTHORISED VERSION, and +CRITICAL NOTES. By JAMES SMITH, Esq., of Jordanhill, F.R.S., &c., Author of +the "Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul." + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + +"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the +careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, +1852._ + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. + + Volume Three, 1272-1377. + Volume Four, 1377-1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. cloth, + + Volume One, 1066-1199. + Volume Two, 1199-1272. + +"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take +its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN & CO. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to +Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock, +under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been +connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +SINGER ON SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + +Just published, 8vo., 7s. 6d., THE + +TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE VINDICATED from the Interpolations and Corruptions +advocated by JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. in his Notes and Emendations. By +SAMUEL WELLER SINGER. + + "To blot old books and alter their contents."--_Rape of Lucrece._ + +Also, preparing for immediate Publication, in Ten Volumes, fcap. 8vo., to +appear monthly, The Dramatic Works of WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the text +completely revised, with Notes, and various Readings. By SAMUEL WELLER +SINGER. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, June 11, contains Articles on + + American plants + Aphelexis + Azaleas, hardy + Apples, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters + Beer, to make + Boilers, incrusted + Books noticed + Botanical gardens + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Cartridge, Norton's + Chiswick exhibitions + Cinerarias, to grow + Dobson's (Mr.) nursery + Estates, management of + Fences, holly + Forests, crown + Fruits, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters + Gardens, botanical + Gutta percha tubing, to mend, by Mr. Cuthill + Heating incrusted boilers + Holly fences + Leases and printed regulations + Lilium giganteum, by Mr. Cunningham + Norton's cartridge + Pasture, worn out, by Mr. Dyer + Pleuro-pneumonia + Potato-drying _v._ disease + Rhododendrons + Rhubarb, red + ---- wine + Rothamsted and Kilwhiss experiments, by Mr. Russell + Royal Botanical Gardens + Sheep, breeds of, by Mr. Spittal + ----, keeping of + Shows, reports of the Nottingham Tulip, Exeter Poultry + Societies, proceedings of the Caledonian Horticultural, + Agricultural of England, Bath Agricultural + Straw, properties of + Sun, rings about + Tenant right + Turnip seed, raising of, by Mr. Thallon + Vine, disease + Waterer's (Messrs.) nurseries + Wine, rhubarb + Winter, effects of + Woods and forests + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads; +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers. 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +8vo., price 21s. + +SOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest to the +end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of Existing +Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER. + +"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has done +for oil-painting--elucidated its history and traced its progress in England +by means of the records of expenses and mandates of the successive +Sovereigns of the realm--Mr. Hudson Turner has now achieved for Domestic +Architecture in this country during the twelfth and thirteenth +centuries."--_Architect._ + +"The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of the +craft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the reader of +the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest details, as well as +the discriminating judgment presiding over the general +arrangement."--_Morning Chronicle._ + +"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few attempts +that have been made in this country to treat this interesting subject in +anything more than a superficial manner. + +"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has consequently +laid before the reader much interesting information. It is a book that was +wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass of works on +Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we have been deluged. + +"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the more +interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the antiquary's +library."--_Literary Gazette._ + +"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the Squires +and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, that the +leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication will be found to consist. + +"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with careful +woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings by Mr. Blore +and Mr. Twopeny."--_Athenaeum._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Literary and Musical Curiosities, the Collection of Richard Clark, Esq., +Gentleman of H.M. Chapels Royal, Author of "An Account of the National +Anthem," &c. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Saturday, June the 25th, +the LITERARY AND MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of RICHARD CLARK, ESQ., including many +Works on the History and Theory of Music; Musical Works by the best +composers; the Organ-Book of Dr. John Bull, the original manuscript; +attested copies of the Charter of Westminster Abbey (not otherwise +accessible); prints, pictures, curiosities, musical relics, some beautiful +objects, made from the wood of Caxton's printing-office, recently +demolished; the well-known anvil and hammer of Powell, the blacksmith, with +which was beat the accompaniment to his air, adopted by Handel, and since +called "The Harmonious Blacksmith;" and many other interesting items. +Catalogues will be sent on application; if in the country, on receipt of +four stamps. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 18, +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p.596 "Another petition, persented" - "persented" - in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 190, June +18, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20369.txt or 20369.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/6/20369/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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