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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/20369-8.txt b/20369-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e978024 --- /dev/null +++ b/20369-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3538 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 190, June 18, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 190, June 18, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 15, 2007 [EBook #20369] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{589} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 190.] +Saturday, June 18, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + On the Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits 589 + The Megatherium Americanum in the British Museum 590 + Remunerations of Authors, by Alexander Andrews 591 + Coincident Legends, by Thomas Keightley 591 + Shakespeare Readings, No. VIII. 592 + Shakespeare's Use of the Idiom "No had" and "No hath + not," by S. W. Singer, &c. 593 + + MINOR NOTES:--The Formation of the Woman, + Gen. ii. 21, 22.--Singular Way of showing Displeasure + --The Maids and the Widows--Alison's "Europe"-- + "Bis dat, qui cito dat:" "Sat cito, si sat bene" 593 + + QUERIES:-- + + House-marks 594 + + Minor Queries:--"Seductor Succo"--Anna Lightfoot + --Queries from the "Navorscher"--"Amentium + haud Amantium"--"Hurrah!" and other War-cries + --Kissing Hands at Court--Uniforms of the three + Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II.--Raffaelle's + Sposalizio--"To the Lords of Convention"-- + Richard Candishe, M.P.--Alphabetical Arrangement-- + Saying of Pascal--Irish Characters on the Stage-- + Family of Milton's Widow--Table-moving 595 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Form of Petition, + &c.--Bibliography--Peter Francius and De Wilde-- + Work by Bishop Ken--Eugene Aram's Comparative + Lexicon--Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan--Coins of + Europe--General Benedict Arnold 596 + + REPLIES:-- + + Parish Registers: Right of Search, by G. Brindley Acworth 598 + The Honourable Miss E. St. Leger, a Freemason, by + Henry H. Breen 598 + Weather Rules, by John Booker, &c. 599 + Scotchmen in Poland, by Richard John King 600 + Mr. Justice Newton 600 + The Marriage Ring 601 + Canada, &c. 602 + Selling a Wife, by William Bates 602 + Enough 603 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Wilkinson's + Mode of levelling Cameras--Collodion Negative-- + Developing Collodion Process--An iodizing Difficulty 604 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Frampton--Parochial + Libraries--Pierrepont--Passage in Orosius + --Pugna Porcorum--Oaken Tombs and Effigies-- + Bowyer Bible--Longevity--Lady Anne Gray--Sir + John Fleming--Life--Family of Kelway--Sir G. + Browne, Bart.--Americanisms, so called--Sir Gilbert + Gerard, &c. 605 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 610 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 610 + Notices to Correspondents 610 + Advertisements 611 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS. + +George Herbert says: + + "The parson exceeds not an hour in preaching, because _all ages_ have + thought that a competency."--_A Priest to the Temple_, p. 28. + +Ferrarius, _De Ritu Concion._, lib. i. c. 34., makes the following +statement: + + "Huic igitur certo ac communi malo (the evil of too long sermons) ut + medicinam facerent, Ecclesiĉ patres in concionando determinatum dicendi + tempus fereque unius horĉ spatio conclusum aut ipsi sibi prĉscribant, + aut ab aliis prĉfinitum religiosè observabant." + +Bingham, commenting on this passage, observes: + + "Ferrarius and some others are very positive that they (their sermons) + were generally an hour long; but Ferrarius is at a loss to tell by what + instrument they measured their hour, for he will not venture to affirm + that they preached, as the old Greek and Roman orators declaimed, by an + hour-glass."--See _Bingham_, vol. iv. p. 582. + +This remark of Bingham's brings me at once to the subject of my present +communication. What evidence exists of the practice of preaching by the +hour-glass, thus treated as improbable, if not ridiculous, by the learned +writer just quoted? If the early Fathers of the church _timed_ their +sermons by any instrument of the kind, we should expect their writings to +contain _internal_ evidence of the fact, just as frequent allusion is made +by Demosthenes and other ancient orators to the klepshydra or water-clock, +by which the time allotted to each speaker was measured. Besides, the close +proximity of such an instrument would be a constant source of metaphorical +allusion on the subject of _time and eternity_. Perhaps those of your +readers who are familiar with the extant sermons of the Greek and Latin +fathers, may be able to supply some illustration on this subject. At all +events there appears to be indisputable evidence of the use of the +hour-glass in the pulpit formerly in this country. {590} + +In an extract from the churchwardens' accounts of the parish of St. Helen, +in Abingdon, Berks, we find the following entry: + + "Anno MDXCI. 34 Eliz. 'Payde for an houre-glasse for the pulpit,' + 4d."--See Hone's _Table-Book_, vol. i. p. 482. + +Among the accounts of Christ Church, St. Catherine's, Aldgate, under the +year 1564, this entry occurs: + + "Paid for an hour-glass that hangeth by the pulpitt when the preacher + doth make a sermon that he may know how the hour passeth + away."--Malcolm's _Londinium_, vol. iii. p. 309., cited Southey's + _Common-Place Book_, 4th Series, p. 471. + +In Fosbrooke (_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) I find the following passage: + + "A stand for an hour-glass still remains in many pulpits. A rector of + Bibury (in Gloucestershire) used to preach two hours, regularly turning + the glass. After the text the esquire of the parish withdrew, smoaked + his pipe, and returned to the blessing." + +The authority for this, which Fosbrooke cites, is Rudder's +_Gloucestershire_, in "Bibury." It is added that lecturers' pulpits have +also hour-glasses The woodcuts in Hawkins's _Music_, ii. 332., are referred +to in support of this statement. I regret that I have no means of +consulting the two last-mentioned authorities. + +In 1681 some poor crazy people at Edinburgh called themselves the Sweet +Singers of Israel. Among other things, they renounced the limiting the +Lord's mind by _glasses_. This is no doubt in allusion to the hour-glass, +which Mr. Water, the editor of the fourth series of Southey's _Common-Place +Book_, informs us is still to be found, or at least its iron frame, in many +churches, adding that the custom of preaching by the hour-glass commenced +about the end of the sixteenth century. I cannot help thinking that an +earlier date must be assigned to this singular practice. (See Southey's +_Common-Place Book_, 4th series, p. 379.) Mr. Water states that one of +these iron frames still exists at Ferring in Sussex. The iron extinguishers +still to be found on the railing opposite large houses in London, are a +similar memorial of an obsolete custom. + +I trust some contributor to the "N. & Q." will be able to supply farther +illustrations of this custom. Should it be revived in our own times, I fear +most parishes would supply only a _half_-hour glass for the pulpit of their +church, however unanimous antiquity may be in favour of sermons of an +hour's duration. One advantage presented by this ancient and precise +practice was, that the squire of the parish knew exactly when it was time +to put out his pipe and return for the blessing, which he cannot ascertain +under the present uncertain and indefinite mode of preaching. Fosbrooke +(_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) states that the priest had sometimes a watch found +for him by the parish. The authority cited for this is the following entry +in the accounts of the Chantrey Wardens of the parish of Shire in Surrey: + + "Received for the priest's watch after he was dead, 13s. + 4d."--Manning's _Surrey_, vol. i. p. 531. + +This entry seems to be rather too vague and obscure to warrant the +inference drawn from it. This also may be susceptible of farther +illustration. + +A. W. S. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +THE MEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. + +Amongst the most interesting specimens of that collection certainly ranges +the skeleton of the above animal of a primĉval world, albeit but a cast; +the real bones, found in Buenos Ayres, being preserved in the Museum of +Madrid. To imagine a sloth of the size of a large bear, somewhat baffles +our imagination; especially if we ponder upon the size of trees on which +such a huge animal must have lived. To have placed near him a nondescript +branch (!!) of a palm, as has been done in the Museum here, is a terrible +mistake. Palms there were none at that period of telluric formation; +besides, no sloth ever could ascend an exogenous tree, as the simple form +of the coma of leaves precludes every hope of motion, &c. I never can view +those remnants of a former world, without being forcibly reminded of that +most curious passage in Berosus, which I cite from memory: + + "There was a flood raging then over parts of the world.... There were + to be seen, however, on the walls of the temple of Belus, + representations of animals, such as inhabited the earth before the + Flood." + +We may thence gather, that although the ancient world did not possess +museums of stuffed animals, yet, the first collection of _Icones_ is +certainly that mentioned by Berosus. I think that it was about the times of +the Crusades, that animals were first rudely preserved (stuffed), whence +the emblems in the coats of arms of the nobility also took their origin. I +have seen a MS. in the British Museum dating from this period, where the +delineation of a bird of the _Picus_ tribe is to be found. Many things +which the Crusaders saw in Egypt and Syria were so striking and new to +them, that they thought of means of preserving them as mementoes for +themselves and friends. The above date, I think, will be an addition to the +history of collections of natural history: a work wanting yet in the vast +domain of modern literature. + +A FOREIGN SURGEON. + +Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury Square. + + * * * * * {591} + + +REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS. + +In that varied and interesting of antiquarian and literary curiosities, "N. +& Q.," perhaps a collection of the prices paid by booksellers and +publishers for works of interest and to authors of celebrity might find a +corner. As a first contribution towards such a collection, if approved of, +I send some Notes made some years ago, with the authorities from which I +copied them. With regard to those cited on the authority of "R. Chambers," +I cannot now say from which of Messrs. Chambers's publications I extracted +them, but fancy it might have been the _Cyclopĉdia of English Literature_. +To any one disposed to swell the list of the remunerations of authors, I +would suggest that Disraeli's _Curiosities of Literature_, Boswell's _Life +of Johnson_, Johnson's _Lives of the Poets_ and other works of every-day +handling, would no doubt furnish many facts; but all my books being in the +country, I have no means of searching, and therefore send my Notes in the +fragmentary state in which I find them:-- + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Title of Work. | Author. | Publisher. | Price. | Authority. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Gulliver's Travels | Dean Swift | Molte | 300l. |Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Tom Jones | H. Fielding | Miller | 600l. | Ditto. + | | | and 100l. | + | | | after | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Amelia | Ditto | Ditto | 1000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of England | Dr. Smollett| | 2000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Memoirs of Richard | | | | + Cumberland | Himself | Lackington | 500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Vicar of Wakefield |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | 50l. | Dr. Johnson. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Selections of | | | | + English Poetry | Ditto | | 200l. | Lee Lewis. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Deserted Village | Ditto | | 100l. | Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Rasselas | Dr. Johnson | | 100l. | + | | | and 24l. | Ditto + | | | after | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Traveller |Dr. Goldsmith|Newberry | 21l. | Wm. Irving +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Old English Baron | Clara Reeve | Dilly | | + | | (Poultry) | 10l. |Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Mysteries of | | Geo. | | +Udolpho |Ann Radcliffe| Robinson |500l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Italian | Ditto | |800l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Mount Henneth | Robert Bage | Lowndes |30l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Translation of | | Jacob | | + Ovid | John Dryden | Tonson |52l. 10s. |R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto of | | |1200l. | + Virgil | Ditto | Ditto |and | Ditto + | | |subscriptions| +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Fables and Ode | | | | + for St. Cecilia's | Ditto | Ditto | 250 guineas | Ditto + Day | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Paradise Lost | John Milton |Sam. Symmons|5l., 5l. 2nd | + | | |edit., and |Sir W. Scott. + | | |8l. | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Translation of | Alexander | | | + the Iliad | Pope | | 1200l. | R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto of the | | | | + Odyssey (half) | Ditto | | 600l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (remainder) | Ditto | Browne | 500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (ditto) | Ditto | Featon | 300l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Beggar's Opera | | | | + (1st part) | John Gay | | 400l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto (2nd part) | Ditto | |1100l. or | + | | |1200l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Three abridged | | | | + Histories of |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | About 800l. | Ditto. + England | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of | | | | + Animated Nature | Ditto | Ditto | 850l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Lives of the Poets | Dr. Johnson | | 210l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Evelina | Miss Burney | | 5l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of England | | | | + during the Reign | David Hume | | 200l. | + of the Stuarts | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (remainder) | Ditto | | 5000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of Scotland| Robertson | | 600l | Creech. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of Charles | | | | + V. | Ditto | | 4500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Decline and Fall | | | | + of the Roman | Gibbon | | 6000l. |R. Chambers. + Empire | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Sermons (1st part) | Blair | | 200l. | Creech +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto | Tillotson | | 2500 guineas| R. Chambers +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Childe Harold | | | | + (4th canto) | Lord Byron | | 2100l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Poetical Works | | | | + (whole) | Ditto | | 15,000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Lay of the | | | | + Last Minstrel |Sir W. Scott | Constable | 600l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Marmion | Ditto | Ditto | 1050l. | Miss Seward. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Pleasures of | Thos. | | | + Hope | Campbell | Mundell | 1050l. | R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Gertrude of | | | | + Wyoming | Ditto | Ditto |1500 guineas | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Poems | Crabbe | Murray | 3000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Irish Melodies | Thomas Moore| |500l. a year | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Spelling Book | Vyse | | 2200l. and | + | | | 50l. a year | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Philosophy of | | |1050l., 1st | + Natural History | Smellie | |edition and | + | | |50l. each | + | | |after | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Various | | | | + (aggregate) | Göthe | |30,000 crowns| Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto (ditto) |Chateaubriand| |500,000 francs| Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+------------- + +I perfectly agree with the suggestion of one of your correspondents, that, +in a publication like yours, dealing with historic facts, the +communications should not be anonymous, or made under _noms de guerre_. I +therefore drop the initials with which I have signed previous +communications, and append my name as suggested. + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + + * * * * * + + +COINCIDENT LEGENDS. + +In the Scandinavian portion of the _Fairy Mythology_, there is a legend of +a farmer cheating a Troll in an argument respecting the crops that were to +be grown on the hill within which the latter resided. It is there observed +that Rabelais tells the same story of a farmer and the Devil. I think there +can be no doubt that these are not independent fictions, but that the +legend is a transmitted one, the Scandinavian being the original, brought +with them perhaps by the Normans. {592} But what are we to say to the +actual fact of the same legend being found in the valleys of Afghánistán? + +Masson, in his _Narrative_, &c. (iii. 297.), when speaking of the Tájiks of +Lúghmân, says,-- + + "They have the following amusing story: In times of yore, ere the + natives were acquainted with the arts of husbandry, the Shaitán, or + Devil, appeared amongst them, and, winning their confidence, + recommended them to sow their lands. They consented, it being farther + agreed that the Devil was to be a _sherík_, or partner, with them. The + lands were accordingly sown with turnips, carrots, beet, onions, and + such vegetables whose value consists in the roots. When the crops were + mature the Shaitán appeared, and generously asked the assembled + agriculturists if they would receive for their share what was above + ground or what was below. Admiring the vivid green hue of the tops, + they unanimously replied that they would accept what was above ground. + They were directed to remove their portion, when the Devil and his + attendants dug up the roots and carried them away. The next year he + again came and entered into partnership. The lands were now sown with + wheat and other grains, whose value lies in their seed-spikes. In due + time, as the crops had ripened, he convened the husbandmen, putting the + same question to them as he did the preceding year. Resolved not to be + deceived as before, they chose for their share what was below ground; + on which the Devil immediately set to work and collected the harvest, + leaving them to dig up the worthless roots. Having experienced that + they were not a match for the Devil, they grew weary of his friendship; + and it fortunately turned out that, on departing with his wheat, he + took the road from Lúghmân to Báríkâb, which is proverbially intricate, + and where he lost his road, and has never been heard of or seen since." + +Surely here is simple coincidence, for there could scarcely ever have been +any communication between such distant regions in remote times, and the +legend has hardly been carried to Afghánistán by Europeans. There is, as +will be observed, a difference in the character of the legends. In the +Oriental one it is the Devil who outwits the peasants. This perhaps arises +from the higher character of the Shaitán (the ancient Akriman) than that of +the Troll or the mediĉval Devil. + +THOS. KEIGHTLEY. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VIII. + +I have to announce the detection of an important misprint, which completely +restores sense, point, and antithesis to a sorely tormented passage in +_King Lear_; and which proves at the same time that the corrector of MR. +COLLIER'S folio, in this instance at least, is undeniably in error. Here, +as elsewhere (whether by anticipation or imitation I shall not take upon me +to decide), he has fallen into just the same mistake as the rest of the +commentators: indeed it is startling to observe how regularly he suspects +every passage that they have suspected, and how invariably he treats them +in the same spirit of emendation (some places of course excepted, where his +courage soars far beyond theirs; such as the memorable "curds and cream," +"on a table of green frieze," &c.). + +I say that the error of "the old corrector," in this instance, is +_undeniable_, because the misprint I am about to expose, like the +egg-problem of Columbus, when once shown, demonstrates itself: so that any +attempt to support it by argument would be absurd, because superfluous. + +There are two verbs, one in every-day use, the other obsolete, which, +although of nearly opposite significations, and of very dissimilar sound, +nevertheless differ only in the mutual exchange of place in two letters: +these verbs are _secure_ and _r_ecu_s_e; the first implying _assurance_, +the second _want of assurance_, or refusal. Hence any sentence would +receive an opposite meaning from one of these verbs to what it would from +the other. + +Let us now refer to the opening scene of the Fourth Act of _King Lear_, +where the old man offers his services to Gloster, who has been deprived of +his eyes: + + "_Old Man._ You cannot see your way. + + _Gloster._ I have no way, and therefore want no eyes; + I stumbled when I saw: full oft 'tis seen + Our means _secure_ us, and our mere defects + Prove our commodities." + +Here one would suppose that the obvious opposition between _means_ and +_defects_ would have preserved these words from being tampered with; and +that, on the other hand, the _absence_ of opposition between _secure_ and +_commodious_ would have directed attention to the real error. But, no: all +the worretting has been about _means_; and this unfortunate word has been +twisted in all manner of ways, until finally "the old corrector" informs us +that "the printer read _wants_ 'means,' and hence the blunder!" + +Now, mark the perfect antithesis the passage receives from the change of +_secure_ into _recuse_: + + "Full oft 'tis seen + Our means recuse us, and our mere defects + Prove our commodities." + +I trust I may be left in the quiet possession of whatever merit is due to +this restoration. Some other of my humble _auxilia_ have, before now, been +coolly appropriated, with the most innocent air possible, without the +slightest acknowledgment. One instance is afforded in MR. KEIGHTLEY'S +communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 136., where that gentleman not +only repeats the explanation I had previously given of the same passage, +but even does me the honour of requoting the same line of Shakspeare with +which I had supported it. + +I did not think it worth noticing at the time, nor should I now, were it +not that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S {593} confidence in the negligence or want of +recollection in your readers seems not have been wholly misplaced, if we +may judge from MR. ARROWSMITH's admiring foot-note in last Number of "N. & +Q.," p. 568. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKESPEARE'S USE OF THE IDIOM "NO HAD" AND "NO HATH NOT." + +(Vol. vii., p. 520.) + +We are under great obligations to the REV. MR. ARROWSMITH for his very +interesting illustration of several misunderstood archaisms; and it may not +be unacceptable to him if I call his attention to what seems to me a +farther illustration of the above singular idiom, from Shakspeare himself. + +In _As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 3., where Rosalind has been banished by the +Duke her uncle, we have the following dialogue between Celia and her +cousin: + + "_Cel._ O my poor Rosalind! whither wilt thou go? + Wilt thou change fathers? I will give thee mine. + I charge thee, be not thou more grieved than I am. + + _Ros._ I have more cause. + + _Cel._ Thou hast not, cousin: + Pr'ythee be cheerful: know'st thou not, the duke + Hath banish'd me, his daughter? + + _Ros._ That he hath not. + + _Cel._ _No hath not?_ Rosalind lacks, then, the love + Which teacheth thee that thou and I _are_ one. + Shall we be sunder'd," &c. + +From wrong pointing, and ignorance of the idiomatic structure, the passage +has hitherto been misunderstood; and Warburton proposed to read, "Which +teacheth _me_," but was fortunately opposed by Johnson, although _he_ did +not clearly understand the passage. I have ventured to change _am_ to +_are_, for I cannot conceive that Shakspeare wrote, "that thou and I _am_ +one!" It is with some hesitation that I make this trifling innovation on +the old text, although we have, a few lines lower, the more serious +misprint of _your change_ for _the charge_. I presume that the abbreviated +form of _the = y^e_ was taken for for _y^r_, and the _r_ in _charge_ +mistaken for _n_; and in the former case of _am_ for _are_, indistinctness +in old writing, and especially in such a hand as, it appears from his +autograph, our great poet wrote, would readily lead to such mistakes. That +the correction was left to the printer of the first folio, I am fully +persuaded; yet, in comparison with the second folio, it is a correct book, +notwithstanding all its faults. That it was customary for men who were +otherwise busied, as we may suppose Heminge and Condell to have been, to +leave the correction entirely to the printer, is certain; for an +acquaintance of Shakspeare's, Resolute John Florio, distinctly shows that +it was the case. We have this pithy brief Preface to the second edition of +his translation of Montaigne: + + "_To the Reader._ + + "Enough, if not too much, hath beene said of this translation. If the + faults found even by myselfe in the first impression, be now by the + printer corrected, as he was directed, the work is much amended: if + not, know that through mine attendance on her Majesty, I could not + intend it; and blame not Neptune for my second shipwracke. Let me + conclude with this worthy man's daughter of alliance: 'Que t'ensemble + donc lecteur?' + + _Still Resolute_ JOHN FLORIO." + +S. W. SINGER. + +Mickleham. + +_Shakspeare_ (Vol. vii., p. 521.).--May I ask whether there is any +precedent (I think there can be no excuse) for calling Shakspeare's plays +"our national Bible"? + +A CLERGYMAN. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The Formation of the Woman_, Gen. ii. 21, 22.--The terms of Matthew Henry +on this subject, in his learned _Commentary_, have become quite commonplace +with divines, when speaking of the ordinance of marriage: + + "The woman was made of a rib out of the side of Adam: not made out of + his head, to top him; nor out of his feet, to be trampled upon by him; + but out of his side, to be equal with him; under his arm, to be + protected; and near his heart, to be beloved." + +Like many other things in his Exposition, this is not original with Henry. +It is here traced to the _Speculum Humanĉ Salvationis_ of the earliest and +rarest printed works. Some of your readers can probably trace it to the +Fathers. The verses which follow are engraven in block characters in the +first edition of the work named, and are copied from the fifth plate of +specimens of early typography in Meerman's _Origines Typographicĉ_: Hague, +MDCCLXV.: + + "Mulier autem in paradiso est formata + De costis viri dormientis est parata + Deus autem ipsam super virum honestavit + Quoniam Evam in loco voluptatis plasmavit, + Non facit eam sicut virum de limo terrĉ + Sed de osse nobilis viri Adĉ et de ejus carne. + Non est facta de pede, ne a viro despiceretur + Non de capite ne supra virum dominaretur. + Sed est facta de latere maritali + Et data est viro pro gloria et socia collaterali. + Quĉ si sibi in honorem collata humiliter prĉstitisset + Nunquam molestiam a viro unquam sustinuisset." + +O. T. D. + +_Singular Way of showing Displeasure._-- + + "The earl's regiment not long after, according to order, marched to + take possession of the town (Londondery); but at their appearance + before it the citizens clapt up the gates, and denyed them entrance, + {594} declaring their resolution for the king (William III.) and their + own preservation. Tyrconnel at the news of this was said _to have burnt + his wig, as an indication of his displeasure with the townsmen's + proceedings_."--_Life of James II._, p. 290. + +E. H. A. + +_The Maids and the Widows._--The following petition, signed by sixteen +maids of Charleston, South Carolina, was presented to the governor of that +province on March 1, 1733-4, "the day of the feast:" + + "To His Excellency Governor Johnson. + + "The humble Petition of all the Maids whose names are underwritten: + + "Whereas we the humble petitioners are at present in a very melancholy + disposition of mind, considering how all the bachelors are blindly + captivated by widows, and our more youthful charms thereby neglected: + the consequence of this our request is, that your Excellency will for + the future order that no widow shall presume to marry any young man + till the maids are provided for; or else to pay each of them a fine for + satisfaction, for invading our liberties; and likewise a fine to be + laid on all such bachelors as shall be married to widows. The great + disadvantage it is to us maids, is, that the widows, by their forward + carriages, do snap up the young men; and have the vanity to think their + merits beyond ours, which is a great imposition upon us who ought to + have the preference. + + "This is humbly recommended to your Excellency's consideration, and + hope you will prevent any farther insults. + + "And we poor Maids as in duty bound will ever pray. + + "P.S.--I, being the oldest Maid, and therefore most concerned, do think + it proper to be the messenger to your Excellency in behalf of my fellow + subscribers." + +UNEDA. + +_Alison's "Europe."_--In a note to Sir A. Alison's _Europe_, vol. ix. p. +397., 12mo., enforcing the opinion that the prime movers in all revolutions +are not men of high moral or intellectual qualities, he quotes, as from +"Sallust _de Bello Cat._," + + "In _turbis atque seditionibus_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et + quies bonis artibus _aluntur_." + +No such words, however, are to be found in Sallust: but the correct +expression is in Tacitus (_Hist._, iv. 1.): + + "Quippe in _turbas et discordias_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et + quies bonis artibus _indigent_." + +Sir A. Alison quotes, in the same note, as from Thucydides (l. iii. c. +39.), the following: + + "In the contests of the Greek commonwealth, those who were esteemed the + most depraved, and had the least foresight, invariably prevailed; for + being conscious of this weakness, and dreading to be overreached by + those of greater penetration, they went to work hastily with the sword + and poniard, and thereby got the better of their antagonists, who where + occupied with more refined schemes." + +This paragraph is certainly not in the place mentioned; nor can I find it +after a diligent search through Thucydides. Will Sir A. Alison, or any of +his Oxford friends, be good enough to point out the author, and indicate +where such a passage is really to be found? + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +_"Bis dat, qui cito dat"_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--_"Sat cito, si sat +bene."_--The first of these proverbs reminded me of the second, which was a +favourite maxim of Lord Chancellor Eldon. (See _The Life of Lord Chancellor +Eldon_, vol. i. p. 48.) I notice it for the purpose of showing that Lord +Eldon followed (perhaps unconsciously) the example of Augustus, and that +the motto is as old as the time of the first Roman emperor, if it is not of +more remote origin. The following is an extract from the Life of Augustus, +Sueton., chap. XXV.: + + "Nil autem minus in imperfecto duce, quam festinationem temeritatemque, + convenire arbitrabatur. Crebrò itaque illa jactabat, [Greek: Speude + bradeôs]. Et: + + '[Greek: asphalês gar est' ameinôn ê thrasus stratêlatês].' + + Et, 'Sat celeriter fieri, quicquid fiat satis bene.'" + +Perhaps T. H. can give us the origin of these Greek and Latin maxims, as he +has of "Bis dat, qui cito dat" (Vol. i., p. 330). + +F. W. J. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +HOUSE-MARKS. + +Are there traces in England of what the people of Germany, on the shores of +the Baltic, call _Hausmärke_, and what in Denmark and Norway is called +_bolmĉrke_, _bomĉrke_? These are certain figures, generally composed of +straight lines, and imitating the shape of the cross or the runes, +especially the so-called compound runes. They are meant to mark all sorts +of property and chattels, dead and alive, movable and immovable, and are +drawn out, or burnt into, quite inartistically, without any attempt of +colouring or sculpturing. So, for instance, every freeholder in Praust, a +German village near Dantzic, has his own mark on all his property, by which +he recognises it. They are met with on buildings, generally over the door, +or on the gable-end, more frequently on tombstones, or on epitaphs in +churches, on pews and old screens, and implements, cattle, and on all sorts +of documents, where the common people now use three crosses. + +The custom is first mentioned in the old Swedish law of the thirteenth +century (Uplandslagh, _Corp. Jur. Sveo-Goth._, iii. p. 254.), and occurs +almost at the same period in the seals of the citizens of the Hanse-town +Lubeck. It has been in common use {595} in Norway, Iceland, Denmark, +Sleswick, Holstein, Hamburgh, Lubeck, Mecklenburgh, and Pomerania, but is +at present rapidly disappearing. Yet, in Holstein they still mark the +cattle grazing on the common with the signs of their respective +proprietors; they do the same with the haystacks in Mecklenburgh, and the +fishing-tackle on the small islands of the Baltic. In the city of Dantzic +these marks still occur in the prayer-books which are left in the churches. + +There are scarcely any traces of this custom in the south of Germany, +except that the various towers of the city-wall of Nurnberg are said to +bear their separate marks; and that an apothecary of Strasburg, Merkwiller, +signs a document, dated 1521, with his name, his coat of arms, and a simple +mark. + +Professor Homeyer has lately read, before the Royal Academy of Berlin, a +very learned paper on the subject, and has explained this ancient custom as +significant of popular law, possibly intimating the close connexion between +the property and its owner. I am sorry not to be able to copy out the +Professor's collection of runic marks; but I trust that the preceding lines +will be sufficient in order to elicit the various traces of a similar +custom still prevalent, or remembered, in the British isles; an account of +which will be thankfully received at Berlin, where they have lately been +informed, that even the eyder-geese on the Shetlands are distinguished by +the marks of their owners. + +[alpha]. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_"Seductor Succo."_--Will any of your readers oblige me by giving me either +a literal or poetical translation of the following lines, taken from +Foulis, _Rom. Treasons_, Preface, p. 28., 1681? + + "Seductor Succo, Gallo Sicarius; Anglo Proditor; Imperio Explorator; + Davus Ibero; Italo Adulator; dixi teres ore,--Suitam." + +CLERICUS (D). + +_Anna Lightfoot._--T. H. H. would be obliged by any particulars relating to +Anna Lightfoot, the left-handed wife of George III. It has been stated that +she had but one son, who died at an early age; but a report circulates in +some channels, that she had also a daughter, married to a wealthy +manufacturer in a midland town. It is particularly desired to know in what +year, and under what circumstances, Anna Lightfoot died. + +_Queries from the "Navorscher."_--Did Addison, Steele, or Swift write the +"Choice of Hercules" in the _Tatler_? + +Was Dr. Hawkesworth, or, if not, who was, the author of "Religion the +Foundation of Content," an allegory in the _Adventurer_? + +In what years were born C. C. Colton, Pinnock, Washington Irving, George +Long, F. B. Head; and when died those of them who are no longer among us? + +Who wrote "Journal of a poor Vicar," "Story of Catherine of Russia," +"Volney Becker," and the "Soldier's Wife," in Chamber's _Miscellany_? + +Did Luther write drinking-songs? If so, where are they to be met with? + +_"Amentium haud Amantium."_--I should be glad to ascertain, and perhaps it +may be interesting to classical scholars generally to know, if any of your +correspondents or readers can suggest an English translation for the phrase +"amentium haud amantium" (in the first act of the _Andria_ of Terence), +which shall represent the alliteration of the original. The publication of +this Query may probably elicit the desired information. + +FIDUS INTERPRES. + +Dublin. + +_"Hurrah!" and other War-cries._--When was the exclamation "Hurrah!" first +used by Englishmen, and what was the war-cry before its introduction? Was +it ever used separately from, or always in conjunction with "H.E.P.! +H.E.P.?" Was "Huzza!" contemporaneous? What are the known war-shouts of +other European or Eastern nations, ancient or modern? + +CAPE. + +_Kissing Hands at Court._--When was the kissing of hands at court first +observed? + +CAPE. + +_Uniforms of the three Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II._--Being +very desirous to know where well authenticated pictures of officers in the +regimentals of the Foot Guards during the reign of Charles II. may be seen, +or are, I shall be greatly obliged to any reader of "N & Q." who will +supply the information. I make no doubt there are, in many of the private +collections of this country, several portraits of officers so dressed, +which have descended as heir-looms in families. I subjoin the colonels' +names, and dates of the regiments: + +1st Foot Guards, 1660: Colonel Russell, Henry Duke of Grafton. + +Coldstream Guards, 1650: General Monk. + +3rd Guards, 1660: Earl of Linlithgow. 1670: Earl of Craven. + +D. N. + +_Raffaelle's Sposalizio._--Will DIGITALIS, or any of your numerous +correspondents or readers, do me the favour to say why, in Raffaelle's +celebrated painting "Lo Sposalizio," in the gallery of the Brera at Milan, +Joseph is represented as placing the ring on the third finger of _right_ +hand of the Virgin? + +I noticed the same peculiarity in Ghirlandais's fresco of the "Espousals" +in the church of the Santa Croce at Florence. This I remarked to the +custode, an intelligent old man, who informed {596} me that the connexion +said to exist between the heart and the third finger refers to that finger +of the _right_ hand, and not, as we suppose, to the third finger of the +_left_ hand. He added, that the English are the only nation who place the +ring on the left hand. I do not find that this latter statement is borne +out by what I have seen of the ladies of continental Europe; and I suppose +it was an hallucination in my worthy informant. + +I must leave to better scholars in the Italian language than I am, to say +whether "Lo Sposalizio" means "Betrothal" or "Marriage:" certainly this +latter is the ordinary signification. + +I have a sort of floating idea that I once heard that at the ceremony of +"Betrothal," now, I believe, rarely if ever practised, it was customary to +place the ring on the right hand. I am by no means clear where I gleaned +this notion. + +G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH. + +Brompton. + +_"To the Lords of Convention."_--Where can I find the _whole_ of the ballad +beginning-- + + "To the Lords of Convention 'twas Claverh'se that spoke;" + +and also the name of the author? + +L. EVANS. + +_Richard Candishe, M.P._--Pennant (_Tour in Wales_, vol. ii. p. 48.) prints +the epitaph of "Richard Candishe, Esq., of a good family in Suffolk," who +was M.P. for Denbigh in 1572, as it appears on his monument in Hornsey +Church. Who was this Richard Candishe? The epitaph says he was "derived +from noble parentage;" but the arms on the monument are not those of the +noble House of Cavendish, which sprung from the parish of that name in +Suffolk. The arms of Richard Candishe are given as "three piles wavy gules +in a field argent; the crest, a fox's head erased azure." + +BURIENSIS. + +_Alphabetical Arrangement._--Can any one favour me with a reference to any +work treating of the date of the collection and arrangement in the present +form of the alphabet, either English, Latin, Greek, or Hebrew? or what is +the earliest instance of their being used to represent numerals? + +A. H. C. + +_Saying of Pascal._--In which of his works is Pascal's saying, "I have not +time to write more briefly," to be found; and what are the words in the +original? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Irish Characters on the Stage._--Would any of the contributors to "N. & +Q." oblige me with this information? Who, or how many, of the old English +dramatists introduced Irishmen into their _dramatis personĉ_? Did Ben +Jonson? Shadwell did. What others? + +PHILOBIBLION. + +_Family of Milton's Widow._--Your correspondent CRANMORE, in his article on +the "Rev. John Paget" ("N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 327.), writes thus: "Dr. +Nathan Paget was an intimate friend of Milton and cousin to the poet's +fourth (no doubt meaning his third) wife, Elizabeth Minshall, of whose +family descent, which appears to be rather obscure, I may at another time +communicate some particulars." + +Now, as more than a year has elapsed since the article referred to appeared +in your valuable columns, without the subject of Elizabeth Minshall's +descent having been farther noticed, I hope your correspondent will pardon +my soliciting him to supply the information he possesses relative thereto, +which cannot fail proving interesting to every admirer of our great poet. + +V. M. + +_Table-moving._--Was not Bacon acquainted with this phenomenon? I find in +his _Sylva Sylvarum_, art. MOTION: + + "Whenever a solid is pressed, there is an inward tumult of the parts + thereof, tending to deliver themselves from the compression: and this + is the _cause_ of all violent motion. It is very strange that this + motion has never been observed and inquired into; as being the most + common and chief origin of all mechanical operations. + + "This motion operates first in a round by way of proof and trial, which + way to deliver itself, and then in progression where it finds the + deliverance easiest." + +C. K. P. + +Newport, Essex. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Form of Petition, &c._--May I request the insertion of a Query, requesting +some of your readers to supply the _ellipsis_ in the form with which +petitions to Parliament are required to be closed, viz.: "And your +petitioners will ever pray, &c." To me, I confess, there appears to be +something like impiety in its use in its present unmeaning state. Would a +petition be rendered informal by any addition which would make it more +comprehensible? + +C. W. B. + + [The ellipsis appears to have varied according to circumstances: hence + we find, in an original petition addressed to the Privy Council + (apparently temp. Jac. I.), the concluding formula given at length + thus:--"And yo^r sup^{lt}, as in all dutie bounden, shall daylie pray + for your good L^{ps}." Another petition, presented to Charles I. at + Newark, A.D. 1641, closes thus: "And your petitioners will ever pray + for your Majesty's long and happy reign over us." Another, from the + Mayor and Aldermen of London, in the same year: "And the petitioners, + as in all duty bound, shall pray for your Majesty's most long and happy + reign." Again, in the same year, the petition of the Lay-Catholic + Recusants of England to the Commons closes thus: "And for so great a + charity your humble petitioners {597} shall ever (as in duty bound) + pray for your continual prosperity and eternal happiness." We do not + believe that any petition would be rendered informal by such addition + as would make it more comprehensible.] + +_Bibliography._--I am about to publish a brochure entitled _Notes on Books: +with Hints to Readers, Authors, and Publishers_; and as I intend to give a +list of the most useful bibliographical works, I shall feel much obliged to +any one who will furnish me with a list of the various _Printers' +Grammars_, and of such works as the following: _The Author's Printing and +Publishing Assistant; comprising Explanations of the Process of Printing, +Preparation and Calculation of MSS., Paper, Type, Binding, Typographical +Marks, &c._ 12mo., Lond. 1840. I have met with Stower's _Printers' +Grammar_, London, 1808. + +MARICONDA. + + [The following Printers' Grammars may be advantageously consulted; 1. + Hansard's _Typographia; an Historical Sketch of the Origin and Progress + of the Art of Printing_, royal 8vo. 1825. 2. Johnson's _Typographia; or + the Printers' Instructor_, 2 vols. 8vo. 1824. 3. Savage's _Dictionary + of the Art of Printing_, 8vo. 1841, the most useful of this class of + works. 4. Timperley's _Dictionary of Printers and Printing_, royal 8vo. + 1839. Stower also published _The Compositors' and Pressmen's Guide to + the Art of Printing_, royal 12mo. 1808; and _The Printer's Price Book_, + 8vo. 1814.] + +_Peter Francius and De Wilde._--In a little work on my shelf, with the +following title, + + "Petri Francii specimen eloquentiĉ exterioris ad orationem M. T. + Ciceronis pro A. Licin. Archiâ accommodatum. Amstelĉdami, apud Henr. + Wetstenium M DC XCVII.]," + +occurs the following brief MS. note, after the text of the speech for +Archias: + + "Orationem hanc pro Archia sub Dno Petro Francio memoriter recitavi + Wilhelmus de Wilde in Athenĉi auditorio Majore, a.d. xviii kal. + Januarias, a^{ni} 1699." + +The volume is 12mo., containing about 200 pp.; the text of the speech +occupying nearly 42 pp. + +Who was Peter Francius? Did De Wilde ever distinguish himself?" + +D. + + [Peter Francius, a celebrated Greek and Latin poet, was born in 1645 at + Amsterdam, afterwards studied at Leyden, and obtained the degree of + Doctor of Laws at Augers. In 1674, the magistrates of Amsterdam + appointed him Professor of History and Rhetoric, which office he held + till his death in 1704. See _Biographie Universelle_.] + +_Work by Bishop Ken._-- + + "A Crown of Glory the Reward of the Righteous; being Meditations on the + Vicissitude and Uncertainty of all Sublunary Enjoyments. To which is + added, a Manual of Devotions for Times of Trouble and Affliction: also + Meditations and Prayers before, at, and after receiving the Holy + Communion; with some General Rules for our Daily Practice. Composed for + the use of a Noble Family, by the Right Reverend Dr. Thomas Kenn, late + Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. Price 2s. 6d." + +I find the above in a list of "books printed for Arthur, Betterworth, &c.," +at the end of the 7th edition of Horneck's _Crucified Jesus_: London, 1727. +I do not remember to have seen any notice of this work in the recent +biographies of the saintly prelate to whom it is here attributed. + +E. H. A. + + [This work originally appeared under the following title: _The Royal + Sufferer; a Manual of Meditations and Devotions, written for the use of + a Royal though afflicted Family_, by T. K., D. D., 1669, and was + afterwards published with the above title. It has been rejected as + spurious by the Rev. J. T. Round, the editor of _The Prose Works of + Bishop Ken_, l838.] + +_Eugene Aram's Comparative Lexicon._--This talented criminal is said to +have left behind him collections for a dictionary of the Celtic, Hebrew, +Greek, Latin, and English languages, comprising a list of about 3000 words, +which he considered them to possess in common. Was this ever published? and +where are any notices of his works to be found? + +E. S. TAYLOR. + + [The following notice of Eugene Aram's Lexicon occurs in a letter + written by Dr. Samuel Pegge to Dr. Philipps, dated Feb. 18, 1760: "One + Eugene Aram was executed at York last year for a murder. He has done + something, being a scholar and a schoolmaster, towards a Lexicon on a + new plan. Hearing of this, I sent for the pamphlet, which contained + some account of his life, and the specimen of a Lexicon. He goes to the + Celtic, the Irish, and the British languages, as well as others; and + there are things, in the specimen that will amuse a lover of + etymologies." (_Gent. Mag._, 1789, p. 905.) Aram left behind him an + Essay relative to his intended work, from which some extracts are given + in Kippis's _Biographia Britannica_, s.v. The Lexicon does not appear + to have been printed.] + +_Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan._--I should feel obliged through the medium of +"N. & Q.," to be informed of the whereabouts of a locality in Scotland with +the above euphonious name. + +ALPHA. + + [Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan is situated in the island of Mull, and + county of Argyle.] + +_Coins of Europe._--Where can I find the fullest and most accurate tables +showing the relative value of the coins in use in different parts of +Europe? + +ALPHA. + + [Consult Tate's _Manual of Foreign Exchanges_, and the art. COINS in + M^cCulloch's _Dictionary of Commerce_.] + +_General Benedict Arnold._--Can any of the readers of "N.& Q." inform me +where General Arnold is buried? After the failure of his attempt to deliver +up West Point to the English, he escaped, went to England, and never +returned to his native {598} country. I have heard that he died about forty +years ago, near Brompton, England; and would be glad to have the date of +his death, and any inscription which may be on his tomb. + +W. B. R. + +Philadelphia. + + [General Arnold died 14th June, 1801, in the sixty-first year of his + age. His remains were interred on the 21st at Brompton.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +PARISH REGISTERS.--RIGHT OF SEARCH. + +In Vol. iv., p. 473. a Query on this subject is inserted, to which, in Vol. +v., p. 37., MR. CHADWICK replied. + +The question, one of great importance to the genealogist, has recently been +the subject of judicial decision, in the case of Steele _v._ Williams, +reported in the 17th volume of the _Jurist_, p. 464. (the Number for +Saturday, 28th May). + +At the opening of the argument, the Court of Exchequer decided that the +fees, &c. are regulated by the 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 86., "An Act for +registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England," which in the 35th +section enacts-- + + "That every rector, vicar, curate, and every registrar, registering + officer, and secretary, who shall have the keeping, for the time being, + of any register book of births, deaths, or marriages, shall at all + reasonable times allow searches to be made of any register book in his + keeping, and shall give a copy, certified under his hand, of any entry + or entries in the same, on payment of the fee hereinafter mentioned; + that is to say, for every search extending over a period not more than + one year, the sum of 1s., and 6d. additional for every additional year; + and the sum of 2s. 6d. for every single certificate." + +MR. CHADWICK seemed to consider this section only applied to "civil +registration;" but this view is, I apprehend, now quite untenable. + +The case was, whether a parish clerk had a right to charge 2s. 6d., where +the party searching the register did not require "certified copies," but +only made his own extracts; _and it is decided he has no such right_. + +Mr. Baron Parke in his judgment says: + + "I think this payment was not voluntary, because the defendant" [the + parish clerk] "told the plaintiff, that if he did not pay him for + certificates, in all cases in which he wanted to make extracts, he + should not make a search at all. _I think the plaintiff had at all + events a right to make a search, and during that time make himself + master, as he best might, of the contents of the book, and could not be + prevented from so doing by the clerk_ in whose custody they were; who + in the present case insisted that if he wanted copies he must have + certificates with the signature of the incumbent. For the 1s. he paid, + the applicant had a right to look at all the names in one year. He had + no right to remain an unreasonable time looking at the book; nor + perhaps, strictly speaking, was the parish clerk bound to put it into + his hands at all: for the clerk has a right to superintend everything + done, and might fairly say to a man, 'Your hands are dirty: keep them + in your pockets.' The applicant could therefore only exercise his right + of search during a reasonable time, and make extracts that way. _If a + man insists on taking himself a copy of anything in the books, that + case is not provided for by the statute_: but if he requires a copy + certified by the clergyman, then he must pay an additional fee for it. + + "It was consequently _an illegal act_ in the defendant to insist that + the plaintiff should pay 2s. 6d. for each entry in the book, of which + he might choose to make an extract," &c. + +Mr. Baron Martin says: + + "With respect to the statute, counsel (Mr. Robinson) says, because + taking extracts is not mentioned in the statute, it is competent for a + parish clerk to take an extra payment for allowing them to be made. + Where a man is allowed by statute to receive money, it is, as it were, + by virtue of a contract that the statute makes for him, and he cannot + make a contract for a different sum. The defendant here is bound by the + entirety of the statute; _he may be paid for a search_, OR _for a + certified copy_, BUT THERE IS NO INTERMEDIATE COURSE." + +This decision will, I hope, have the effect of removing the difficulties so +often experienced in making searches for genealogical purposes. At all +events, the person making such search can now _safely_ make his own notes, +none daring _lawfully_ to make him afraid. I have to apologise for the +length of this letter. + +G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH. + +12. King's Bench Walk, Temple. + + * * * * * + + +THE HONOURABLE MISS E. ST. LEGER, A FREEMASON. + +(Vol. iv., p. 234.) + +There is an inquiry in Vol. iv., p. 234., as to whether there is any truth +in the story, that the Honourable Miss E. St. Leger was made a freemason; +and as no account of the circumstances has yet appeared in your pages, I +send you the following statement, which has been extracted from _The +Patrician_. Apart from its value as a record of this singular fact, it +contains other particulars which you may deem worthy of preservation in "N. +& Q." + + "The Hon. Elizabeth St. Leger as the only female who was ever initiated + into the ancient and honourable mystery of Freemasonry. How she + obtained this honour we shall lay before our readers, having obtained + the only genuine information from the best sources. + + "Lord Doneraile, Miss St. Leger's father, a very zealous mason, held a + warrant, and occasionally opened Lodge at Doneraile House, his sons and + some intimate friends assisting; and it is said that never were the + masonic duties more rigidly performed than by the brethren of No. 150, + the number of their warrant. + + "It appears that previous to the initiation of a gentleman to the first + steps of masonry, Miss St Leger, {599} who was a young girl, happened + to be in an apartment adjoining the room generally used as a + lodge-room; but whether the young lady was there by design or accident, + we cannot confidently state. This room at the time was undergoing some + alteration: amongst other things, the wall was considerably reduced in + one part, for the purpose of making a saloon. + + "The young lady having heard the voices of the Freemasons, and prompted + by the curiosity natural to all, to see this mystery so long and so + secretly locked up from public view, she had the courage to pick a + brick from the wall with her scissors, and witnessed the ceremony + through the first two steps. Curiosity gratified, fear at once took + possession of her mind; and those who understand this passage, well + know what the feelings of any person must be who could unlawfully + behold that ceremony. Let them then judge what were the feelings of a + young girl, under such extraordinary circumstances. + + "Here was no mode of escape except through the very room where the + concluding part of the second step was still being solemnised; and that + being at the far end, and the room a very large one, she had resolution + sufficient to attempt her escape that way, and with light but trembling + step glided along unobserved, laid her hand on the handle of the door, + and gently opening it, before her stood, to her dismay, a grim and + surly _tiler_, with his long sword unsheathed. A shriek that pierced + through the apartment alarmed the members of the lodge, who all rushing + to the door, and finding that Miss St. Leger had been in the room + during the ceremony, in the first paroxysm of their rage, it is said, + her death was resolved upon; but from the moving and earnest + supplication of her younger brother, her life was spared, on condition + of her going through the two steps of the solemn ceremony she had + unlawfully witnessed. This she consented to do, and they conducted the + beautiful and terrified young lady through those trials which are + sometimes more than enough for masculine resolution, little thinking + they were taking into the bosom of their craft a member that would + afterwards reflect a lustre on the annals of Masonry. + + "Miss St. Leger was directly descended from Sir Robert De St. Leger, + who accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and was of that high + repute that he, with his own hand, supported that prince when he first + went out of his ship to land in Sussex. + + "Miss St. Leger was cousin to General Anthony St. Leger, Governor of + St. Lucia, who instituted the interesting race and the celebrated + Doncaster St. Leger stakes. + + "Miss St. Leger married Richard Aldworth, Esq., of Newmarket, a member + of a highly honourable and ancient family, long celebrated for their + hospitality and other virtues. Whenever a benefit was given at the + theatres in Dublin or Cork for the Masonic Orphan Asylum, she walked at + the head of the Freemasons, with her apron and other insignia of + Freemasonry, and sat in the front row of the stage box. The house was + always crowded on those occasions. + + "The portrait of this estimable woman is in the lodge room of almost + every lodge in Ireland." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +WEATHER RULES. + +(Vol. vii., p. 522.) + +Your correspondent J. A., jun., invites further contributions on the +subject to which he refers. Though by no means infallible, such prognostics +are not without a measure of truth, founded as they are on habits of close +observation: + + 1. "Si sol splendescat Maria Purificante + Major erit glacies post festum quàm fuit ante." + +Rendered thus: + + "When on the Purification sun hath shin'd, + The greater part of winter comes behind." + + 2. "If the sun shines on Easter-day, it shines on Whit + Sunday likewise." + +To this I may add the French adage: + + "Quel est Vendredi tel Dimanche." + +From a MS. now in my possession, dating two centuries back, I extract the +following remarks on "Times and Seasons," as not wholly unconnected with +the present subject: + + "Easter-day never falleth lower than the 22nd of March, and never + higher than the 25th of April." + + "Shrove Sunday has its range between the 1st of February and the 7th of + March." + + "Whit Sunday between the 10th of May and the 13th of June." + + "A rule of Shrovetide:--The Tuesday after the second change of the moon + after New Year's-day is always Shrove Tuesday." + +To these I may perhaps be permitted to add certain cautions, derived frown +the same source: + + "The first Monday in April, the day on which Cain was born, and Abel + was slain. + + "The second Monday in August, on which day Sodom and Gomorrah were + destroyed. + + "The 31st of December, on which day Judas was born, who betrayed + Christ. + + "These are dangerous days to begin any business, fall sick, or + undertake any journey." + +We smile at the superstition which thus stamps these several periods as +days of ill omen, especially when we reflect that farther inquiry would +probably place every other day of the week under a like ban, and thus +greatly impede the business of life--Friday, for instance, which, since our +Lord's crucifixion on that day, we are strongly disinclined to make the +starting-point of any new enterprise. + +In many cases this superstition is based on unpleasing associations +connected with the days proscribed. Who can wonder if, in times less +enlightened than our own, undue importance were attached to the strange +coincidence which marked the deaths of Henry VIII. and his posterity. They +all died on a Tuesday; himself on Tuesday, January 28, 1547; Edward VI. on +Tuesday, July 6, {600} 1553; Mary on Tuesday, November 17, 1558; Elizabeth +on Tuesday, March 24, 1603. + +JOHN BOOKER. + +Prestwich. + +It is a saying in Norwich,-- + + "When three daws are seen on St. Peter's vane together, + Then we are sure to have bad weather." + +I think the observation is tolerably correct. + +ANON. + + * * * * * + + +SCOTCHMEN IN POLAND. + +(Vol. vii., p. 475.) + +In the debates about a union with Scotland in 1606, the "multiplicities of +the Scots in Polonia" formed one of the arguments of the opposing party, +who thought that England was likely to be overrun in a similar fashion. +According to Wilson (_Hist. of James I._, p. 34.), the naturalisation of +the Scots-- + + "Was opposed by divers strong and modest arguments. Among which they + brought in the comparison of Abraham and Lot, whose families joining, + they grew to difference, and to those words, 'Vade tu ad dextram, et + ego ad sinistram.' It was answered, That speech brought the captivity + of the one; they having disjoined their strength. The party opposing + said, If we admit them into our liberties, we shall be overrun with + them; as cattle, naturally, pent up by a slight hedge, will over it + into a better soil; and a tree taken from a barren place will thrive to + excessive and exuberant branches in a better,--witness the + _multiplicities of the Scots in Polonia_. + + "To which it was answered, That if they had not means, place, custom, + and employment (not like beasts, but men), they would starve in a + plentiful soil, though they came into it. And what springtide and + confluence of that nation have housed and familied themselves among us, + these four years of the king's reign? And they will never live so + meanly here as they do in Polonia; for they had rather discover their + poverty abroad than at home." + +This last "answerer" was Lord Bacon. In his speech "Of general +Naturalisation" (_Works_, vol. v. p. 52.), he asserts that the +"multiplication of Scots in Polonia" must of necessity be imputed + + "To some special accident of time and place that draws them thither; + for you see plainly before your eyes, that in Germany, which is much + nearer, and in France, where they are invited with privileges, and with + this very privilege of naturalisation, yet no such number can be found; + so as it cannot either be nearness of place, or privilege of person, + that is the cause." + +What these "special accidents" were, it would be interesting to ascertain. +Large bodies of men were levied in Scotland during the latter half of the +sixteenth century, for the service of Sweden, and employed in the Polish +wars. Can these have turned merchants, or induced others to follow them? In +1573, Charles de Mornay brought 5000 Scots to Sweden. In 1576, whilst they +were serving in Livonia, a quarrel broke out between them and a body of +Germans also in the Swedish pay, and 1500 Scots were cut down. (_Geiger_, +ch. xii.) + +I believe MR. CUNNINGHAM will find some notices of Scottish merchants in +Poland in Lithgow's _Travels_, which I have not at present by me. + +RICHARD JOHN KING. + + * * * * * + + +MR. JUSTICE NEWTON. + +(Vol. vii., p. 528.) + +Sir Richard Newton was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1438 to 1444, +and died Dec. 13th, 1444, and was buried in a chapel of Bristol Cathedral. +(Collins's _Baronage_, vol. iii. p. 145.) He assumed the name of Newton, +instead of Caradoc, from Newton in Powysland. (Collinson's _Somersetshire_, +East Harptrie); and, as Camden, p. 60., says, the Newtons "freely own +themselves to be of Welsh extraction, and not long ago to have been called +Caradocks." These Caradocs were descended from the ancient kings of Wales. +Sir Richard Newton was twice married: 1. to a daughter of Newton, of +Crossland; and 2. to Emmett, daughter of John Harvey, of London, according +to a MS. in the British Museum; but, according to Somersetshire and +Gloucestershire Visitations, to Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Perrott, of +Islington. He had issue by both marriages, and from the second descended +Sir John Newton, who was created a baronet 12 Car. II., and died in 1661. +The baronetcy was limited in remainder, at its creation, to John Newton, of +Hather, in Lincolnshire, and he became the second baronet. There are +several pedigrees tracing the descent from Sir Richard to the first +baronet; but I have not yet seen the descent to the second baronet, though +there can be no doubt that he was also descended from Sir Richard, +otherwise the baronetcy could not have been limited to him; and probably he +was the next male heir of the first baronet, as that is the usual mode of +limiting titles. In the Heralds' College there is a pedigree of Sir Isaac +Newton, signed by himself, in which he traces his descent to the brother of +the ancestor of the second baronet. It should seem, therefore, that Sir +Isaac was himself descended from the Chief Justice. It would confer a great +obligation on the writer if any of your readers could afford any assistance +to clear up the pedigree of the second baronet. + +As to the representatives of Sir Richard, I doubt whether his heir is +discoverable, although there are many descendants now living who trace +their descent through females. + +C. S. G. + + * * * * * {601} + + +THE MARRIAGE RING. + +(Vol. vii., p. 332.) + +I cannot agree with the answer given, under the above reference, to the +question of J. P.: "How did the use of the ring, in the marriage ceremony, +originate?" The answer given is taken from Wheatly's _Rational +Illustration_, &c., and is in substance this:--The ring anciently was a +_seal_, and the delivery of this seal was a sign of confidence; and as a +ceremony in marriage, its signification is, that the wife is admitted to +the husband's counsels. From this argument, and the supposed proofs of it, +I beg to dissent; and I conceive that Wheatly has not thrown any light upon +the origin of this beautiful ceremony. To bear out his view, it would be +necessary to prove that a signet ring had originally been used for the +wedding ring--a matter of no slight difficulty, not to say impossibility. + +What I take to be the real meaning of the ring as a part of the marriage +ceremony, I will now give. It has a far higher meaning in the ceremony, and +a more important duty to perform than merely to signify the admission of +the wife into the counsels of the husband. Its office is to teach her the +duty she owes to her husband, rather than the privilege of admission into +his counsels. The ring is a preacher, to teach her lessons of holy wisdom +referring to her state of life. + +A ring, whenever used by the church, signifies, to use the words of +liturgical writers, "integritatem fidei," the perfection of fidelity, and +is "fidei sacramentum," the badge of fidelity. Its form, having no +beginning and no end, is the emblem of eternity, constancy, integrity, +fidelity, &c.; so that the wedding ring symbolises the eternal or entire +fidelity the wife pledges to her husband, and she wears the ring as the +badge of this fidelity. Its office, then, is to teach and perpetually +remind her of the fidelity she owes to her husband, and swore to him at the +marriage ceremony. + +The wedding ring is to the wife precisely what the episcopal ring is to the +bishop, and _vice versâ_. The language used during the ceremony to the one +is very similar to that used to the other, as the object of the ceremony +and use of the ring is the same. A bishop's ring, as we read, signifies +"integritatem fidei," _i. e._ that he should love as himself the church of +God committed to him as his bride. When he receives the ring at his +consecration, the words used are, "Accipe annulum, _fidei scilicet +signaculum_, quatenus sponsam Dei, sanctum videlicet ecclesiam, intemerata +fide ornatus illibate custodias:" (Receive the ring, the badge of fidelity, +to the end that, adorned with inviolable fidelity you may guard without +reproach the spouse of God, that is, His Holy Church). + +Hence the office of the episcopal ring throws light upon the office of the +wedding ring; and there can be no doubt whatever that its real meaning is, +in the latter as in the former case, to signify the _eternal fidelity and +constancy_ that should subsist between the married couple. + +That this is the correct view of the meaning of the wedding ring is farther +confirmed by the prayer used in blessing the ring: "Benedic, Domine, +annulum hunc ... ut quĉ eum gestaverit, _fidelitatem integram_ suo sponso +tenens, in pace et voluntate tua permaneat, acque in mutua charitate semper +vivat."--_Rituale_, &c. + +CYREP. + + * * * * * + + +CANADA, ETC. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 380. 504.) + +My former Note on the origin of this name suggests a question, which, if +you think it worthy of a place in "N. & Q.," may interest many besides +myself, viz. At what period and by whom was that part of North America +called Canada? + +To the French it appears always to have been known as "La Nouvelle France." +La Hontan, who quitted the country 1690, I think, calls it Canada. Lajitan +certainly does, as well as many other old authors. + +In a map of North America, date 1769, the tract bordering on the St. +Lawrence, lately called Upper and Lower Canada, is designated "The Province +of Quebec;" whilst the region to the northward, lying between it and +Hudson's Bay, has the word Canada in much larger letters, as if a general +name of the whole. That the name is slightly altered from an Indian word is +probable, but not so that it was used by the Indians themselves, who, in +the first place, were not in the habit of imposing general names on large +districts, although they had significant ones for almost every locality; +the former were usually denominated the land of the Iroquois, of the +Hurons, &c., _i. e._ of the people dwelling, on, and in possession of it. +Even allowing that the Indians may have had a general name for the country, +it is very unlikely that one so unmeaning as "Kanata" would have been +imposed upon it by a people whose nomenclature in every other case is so +full of meaning. + +Moreover, although the Mic-macs of Gaspé may have called themselves +Canadians according to Lescarbot, yet we are told by Volney, that-- + + "The Canadian savages call themselves 'Metoktheniakes' (born of the + sun), without allowing themselves to be persuaded of the contrary by + the Black Robes," &c.--Vol. ii. p. 438. + +The following, to the same purpose, is from the _Quarterly Review_, vol. +iv. p. 463.: + + "'Tapoy,' which we understand from good authority to be the generic + appellation by which the North American tribes distinguish themselves + from the whites," &c. + +{602} + +Now I should imagine both Lescarbot and Champlain, knowing nothing of the +language, and probably having very bad interpreters, must have made a great +mistake in supposing the Gaspésiens called themselves Canadians, for I have +questioned several intelligent Mic-Macs on the subject, and they have +invariably told me that they call themselves "Ulnookh" or "Elnouiek," +"_Ninen elnouiek!--We are Men._" But Mic-mac? "O, Mic-mac all same as +Ulnookh." The latter word strictly means Indian-man, and cannot be applied +to a white. Mic-mac is the name of their tribe, and, they insist upon it, +always has been. Again, Kanata is said to be an Iroquois word, and, +consequently, not likely to have been in use amongst a tribe of the Lenape +family, which the Mic-macs are. It does not appear that we have any +authority for supposing the country was ever called Canada by the Indians +themselves. + +It is curious enough that as Canada was said to derive from an exclamation, +"Acá nada!" so the capital has been made to take its name from another; +"Quel bec!" cried one of Champlain's Norman followers, on beholding Cape +Diamond. As in the former case, however, so in this, we have evidence of +more probable sources of the name, which I will enumerate as briefly as +possible. The first, and a very probable one, is the fact, that the strait +between Quebec and St. Levi side of the river, was called in the Algonquin +language "Quebeio," _i. e._ a narrowing,--a most descriptive appellation, +for in ascending the river its breadth suddenly diminishes here from about +two miles to fourteen or fifteen hundred yards from shore to shore. + +The little river St. Charles, which flows into the St. Lawrence on the +northern side of the promontory, is called in the Indian language +(Algonquin?) Kabir or Koubac, significant of its tortuous course, and it is +from this, according to La Potherie, that the city derives its name of +Quebec. + +Mr. Hawkins, in his _Picture of Quebec, &c., 1834_, denies the Indian +origin of the word, since, as he says, there is no analogous sound to it in +any of their languages; and he assumes a Norman origin for it on the +strength of "Bec" being always used by the Normans to designate a +promontory in the first place; and secondly, because the word Quebec is +actually found upon a seal of the Earl of Suffolk, of historical celebrity +temp. Hen. V. and VI., which Mr. Hawkins supposes to have been the name of +some town, castle, or barony in Normandy. + +Such are the pros and cons, upon which I do not presume to offer any +opinion; only I would observe, that if there are no analogous sounds in the +Indian languages, whence come Kennebec and other similar names? + +A. C. M. + +Exeter. + +Surely in the "inscription on a seal (1420), in which the Earl of Suffolk +is styled 'Domin_e_ [?] de Hamburg et de Quebec,'" the last word must be a +misprint for _Lubec_, the sister city of Hamburg. MR. HAWKINS'S etymology +seems to rest on no more substantial foundation than an error of the press +in the work, whichever that may be, from which he quotes. + +JAYDEE. + + * * * * * + + +SELLING A WIFE. + +(Vol. vii., p. 429.) + +The popular idea that a man may legally dispose of his wife, by exposing +her for sale in a public market, may not improbably have arisen from the +correlation of the terms _buying_ and _selling_. Your correspondent V. T. +STERNBERG need not be reminded how almost universal was the custom among +ancient nations of purchasing wives; and he will admit that it appears +natural that the commodity which has been obtained "per ĉs et libram"--to +use the phrase of the old Roman law touching matrimony--is transferable to +another for a similar consideration, whenever it may have become useless or +disagreeable to its original purchaser. However this may be, the custom is +ancient, and moreover appears to have obtained, to some extent, among the +higher orders of society. Of this an instance may be found in Grimaldi's +_Origines Genealogicĉ_, pp. 22, 23. (London, 1828, 4to.) The deed, by which +the transaction was sought to be legalised, runs as follows: + + "To all good Christians to whom this writ shall come, John de Camoys, + son and heir of Sir Ralph de Camoys, greeting: Know me to have + delivered, and yielded up of my own free will, to Sir William de + Paynel, Knight, my wife Margaret de Camoys, daughter and heiress of Sir + John de Gatesden; and likewise to have given and granted to the said + Sir William, and to have made over and quit-claimed all goods and + chattels which the said Margaret has or may have, or which I may claim + in her right; so that neither I, nor any one in my name, shall at any + time hereafter be able to claim any right to the said Margaret, or to + her goods and chattels, or their pertinents. And I consent and grant, + and by this writ declare, that the said Margaret shall abide and remain + with the said Sir William during his pleasure. In witness of which I + have placed my seal to this deed, before these witnesses: Thomas de + Depeston, John de Ferrings, William de Icombe, Henry le Biroun, Stephen + Chamberlayne, Walter le Blound, Gilbert de Batecumbe, Robert de Bosco, + and others." + +This matter came under the cognisance of Parliament in 1302, when the grant +was pronounced to be invalid. + +Now, we may fondly believe that this transaction, which occurred five +hundred and fifty years ago, was characteristic alone of that dark and +distant period, and that no parallel can be found in modern {603} times (at +least in a decent class of society, and recognised by legal sanction) to +justify the lively French dramatists in seizing upon it as a trait of +modern English manners. A transaction, however, came before the public eye +a month or two ago, which, should you think the following record of it +worth preservation as a "curiosity of legal experience," may lead your +readers to a different conclusion: + + "A young man, named W. C. Capas, was charged at the Public Office, + Birmingham, Jan. 31, 1853, with assaulting his wife. The latter, in + giving her evidence, stated that her husband was not living with her, + but was 'leased' to another female. Upon inquiry by the magistrate into + this novel species of contract, the document itself was produced in + court, and read. It ran as follows: + + "'Memorandum of agreement made and entered into this second day of + October, in the year of our Lord 1852, between William Charles Capas, + of Charles-Henry Street, in the borough of Birmingham, in the county of + Warwick, carpenter, of the one part, and Emily Hickson, of Hurst + Street, Birmingham aforesaid, spinster, of the other part. Whereas the + said William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson have mutually agreed with + each other to live and reside together, and to mutually assist in + supporting and maintaining each other during the remainder of their + lives, and also to sign the agreement hereinafter contained to that + effect: now, therefore, it is hereby mutually agreed upon, by and + between the said William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson, that they the + said, &c., shall live and reside together during the remainder of their + lives, and that they shall mutually exert themselves by work and + labour, and by following all their business pursuits, to the best of + their abilities, skill, and understanding, and by advising and + assisting each other, for their mutual benefit and advantage, and also + to provide for themselves and each other the best supports and comforts + of life which their means and income may afford. And for the true and + faithful performance of this agreement, each of the said parties + bindeth himself and herself unto the other finally by this agreement, + as witness the hands of the said parties, this day and year first above + written." + +Here follow the signatures of the consenting parties. The girl Hickson was +examined, and admitted that she had signed the document at the office of a +Mr. Campbell, the _lawyer_(!) who prepared it, and that his charge for +drawing up the same was, she believed, 1l. 15s. The latter promised her, at +the same time, that if the wife of Capas gave her any annoyance he would +put in that paper as evidence. The magistrates, considering the assault +proved, fined Capas 2s. 6d., and "commented in very strong terms on the +document which had that day been brought before them." (See _Birmingham +Journal_, Jan. 5th, 1853.) Has a similar transaction come before the notice +of your correspondents? + +I may add that we are informed by the _Birmingham Argus_ for March, 1834, +that in that month a man led his wife by a halter to Smithfield Market in +that town, and there publicly offered her for sale. + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + +ENOUGH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 455.) + +This word, when written or pronounced _enow_, is regarded as a plural, and +relates to _number_. In this sense it is employed in Northampton and other +Midland counties, and is found in old writers. If the word was always +pronounced _enow_, it must be long since. The distinction above hinted at +prevailed in Waller's time, and he conforms to it in the examples quoted. +Butler, in _Hudibras_, has both: + + "This b'ing professed we hope _enough_, + And now go on where we left off.' + Part i. canto 2. 44. + +Again, line 1153. of the same canto: + + "For though the body may creep through, + The hands in grate are _enough_;" + +an apparent exception, but not really such. (See also canto 3. 117. 285., +where it rhymes with "off," as also line 809. At line 739. it written +_enow_, and rhymes with "blow.") + +And again, 873: + + "My loss of honour's great _enough_, + Thou needst not brand it with a scoff." + +Other examples may be quoted from the same author. + +In a song, written upon the Restoration of Charles II., we have the +following: + + "Were not contented, but grew rough, + As though they had not won _enough_." + _Loyal Arms_, vol. i. p. 244. + +In the _Lamentable Tragedy of Cambises_, written early in the reign of +Elizabeth, the word occurs: + + "Gogs sides, knaves, seeing to fight ye be so rough, + Defend yourselves, for I will give ye bothe _inough_." + +In _Lusty Juventus, a Morality_, temp. Edward VI., is the following: + + "Call them Papistes, hipocrites, and joyning of the plough; + Face out the matter, and then good _ynough_." + +Here certainly the distinction disappears, as in the next and last example +from _Candlemas Day_, "Ao. Do. 1512," where Joseph is speaking: + + "Take hym in your armys, Mary, I you pray, + And of your swete mylke let him sowke _inowe_, + Mawger Herowd and his grett fray: + And as your spouse, Mary, I shall go with you." + +It would seem therefore, that this word has had its present pronunciation +about three centuries. {604} Its derivation is directly from the Saxon +_genoh_, but the root is found in many other languages, as the German, +Dutch, Danish, &c. + +B. H. C. + +MR. WRIGHT supposes there has been a change in the pronunciation of this +word, and inquires when it took place. Now, if my conjecture be correct, +there may have been no change, and these are two words,--not one pronounced +differently. Both the instances quoted by him are in conformity with my +opinion, viz. that where the sense is "a sufficient _quantity_," either in +substance, quality, or action, we should make use of _enough_; yet where a +sufficient _number_ is intended, we should pronounce and write _enow_. I +recollect (being a native of Suffolk) that I was laughed at by the boys of +a school in a western county, nearly seventy years ago: but I was not then +laughed out of my word, nor am I likely now to be argued out of it. + +P.S.--I see that Johnson's _Dictionary_ gives the same statement about +_enough_ and _enow_. This answer is therefore superfluous. Johnson gives +numerous instances of the use of _enow_ from our best authors. + +H. C. R. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Mr. Wilkinson's Mode of levelling Cameras._--As you have done me the +honour to notice my simple invention for levelling cameras, which I have +since had an opportunity of trying in the open air for a week, and find to +succeed perfectly, I wish to correct some errors which appeared in the +_Photographic Journal_, from which you copied my remarks, and which arose +from the notes being taken down from my verbal observations. The first part +is perfectly correct but after l. 9. col. 2. "N. & Q." (Vol. vii., p. 462.) +it should read thus: + +"The other perpendicular is then sought for; the back or front of the +camera being raised or lowered until the thread cuts the perpendicular +lines drawn upon the sides of the camera. By this means a perfectly +horizontal plane is obtained, as true as with the best spirit-levels, and +in less time. By tying three knots in the silk at twelve inches distance +from the one bullet and from each other, we have a measure for stereoscopic +pictures; and by making the thread thirty-nine inches and two-tenths long +from one bullet to the centre of the other, we obtain a pendulum vibrating +seconds, which is useful in talking portraits; as it will continue +vibrating for ten minutes, if one bullet be merely hung over any point of +suspension." + +Thus we obtain a levelling instrument, a chronometer, and a measure of +distances, at a cost considerably under one penny. + +The above will more fully explain to your correspondent [Phi]. (Vol. vii., +p. 505.) my reasons for the length of thread stated; and with respect to +the diagonal lines on the ground glass, it is not material what may be the +distance of the principal object, whether six feet or six hundred: for if +the cross lines, or any other lines drawn on the glass, cut the central +object in the picture at any particular part--for example, the window of +any particular house, or the branch of any tree,--then the camera may be +removed to higher or lower ground, several feet or inches, to the right or +to the left, and the same lines be made to cut the same objects, previously +noted; the elevation will then be the same, which completes all that is +required. + +In most stereoscopic pictures, the distances are too wide. For a portrait, +two inches and half to three inches, at nine or twelve feet distant, is +enough; and for landscapes much less is required than is generally given, +for no very great accuracy is necessary. Three feet, at three hundred +yards, is quite enough; and four to six feet, at a mile, will do very well. +Let experiment determine: for every photographer must learn his profession +or amusement; there is no royal road to be depended on. But a small +aperture, a quarter of an inch diameter, may be considered a good practical +size for a lens of three and a quarter inches, depending on light and time: +the smaller the aperture, the longer the time; and no rules can be given by +any one who does not know the size and quality of the lenses employed. +Every one can make a few trials for himself, and find it out; which will be +more satisfactory than any instructions derived from books or +correspondence. I obtain all the information I can from every source, then +try, and judge for myself. At worst, you only spoil a few sheets of paper, +and gain experience. + +I perfectly agree with DR. DIAMOND, that it is much better not to wash the +collodion pictures after developing; but pour on about one drachm of sat. +sol. hypo. at once, and then, when clear, plenty of water; and let water +rest on the surface for an hour or more, before setting on edge to dry. + +HENRY WILKINSON. + +_Collodion Negative._--Can you inform me how a collodion negative may be +made? that is, how you can ensure the negative being always of a _dense +enough character to print from_. This is rarely the case. + +F. M. + +_Developing Collodion Process._--I use to develope my collodion pictures M. +Martin's plan, _i. e._ a solution of common copperas made a little acid +with sulphuric acid. This answers very well and gives to the pictures, +after they have been exposed an hour or two to the atmosphere, a +silver-like appearance: but this copperas solution seems to destroy the +_glass_ for using _a second time_, inasmuch as a haziness is cast upon the +glass, and its former enamel seems lost, not to be regained even by using +acids. The hyposulphite also seems to be affected by this manner of +developing the {605} pictures after a short time, which is not the case +with pyrogallic acid. The hypo., when thus affected with the copperas, +appears also to throw a mist over the picture, which new hypo. does _not_. +I should esteem it a favour if any of your numerous readers could inform me +the cause of this. + +A. A. P. + +_An iodizing Difficulty._--May I request the favour, from some one of your +numerous photographic correspondents, of a solution to the following +apparent enigma, through the medium of "N. & Q."? + +Being located in a neighbourhood where there is a scarcity of water in the +summer months, I lately took advantage of a pool in a running stream, which +ran at the bottom of the grounds of a friend, to soak my calotype papers +in, subsequent to having brushed them over with the solution of iodide of +silver, according to the process recommended by SIR W. NEWTON. One-half of +the batch was removed in about two hours and a half, being beautifully +clean, and of a nice light primrose colour; and in consequence of an +unexpected call and detention longer than I had anticipated, the other half +was left floating from two o'clock P.M. until seven or eight in the evening +(nearly six hours), when, much to my chagrin, I found on their removal that +they had all, more or less, become browned, or, rather, had taken on a +dirty, deep, nankeen colour, those that had been first floated being +decidedly the worst. I had previously thought that the papers _must_ be +left _at least_ two and a half to three hours, a longer period having no +other effect than that of softening the papers, or, at most, of allowing +some slight portion of the iodide to fall off from their surface, whereas, +from the above-described discoloration, an evident decomposition must have +commenced, which I am quite at a loss to account for; neither can I +conjecture what the chemical change can have been. I have several times +before prepared good papers in trays filled with water from the same +stream, but from the quantity running in the brook in the spring months, I +never before have had the chance of floating them in the stream itself. + +An explanation of the above difficulty from some obliging and +better-informed photographist would be very thankfully received by + +HENRY H. HELE. + +Ashburton, Devon. + +P.S.--The pool of water was well shaded, consequently not a ray of bright +sunlight could possibly impinge on the papers while floating. + +I have always understood that _pure_ iodide of silver was quite insensible +to the action of light, or to any other chemical change, as far as the +action of atmospheric air was concerned. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bishop Frampton_ (Vol. iii., p 261.).--For some account of this excellent +man, see chapter xxxi. of Mr. Anderdon's _Life of Bishop Ken_, where are +given some very interesting letters, that are printed from the MSS. in the +possession of Dr. Williams, Warden of New College, Oxford. Frampton appears +to have been at one time chaplain to the British Factory at Aleppo. +Mandeville, in the Dedication prefixed to his _Journey from Aleppo to +Jerusalem_, makes honourable mention of him, and attributes the highly +creditable character of the society to the influence of that incomparable +instructor. When the funeral procession of Christian, Countess of +Devonshire, halted at Leicester, on the way to Derby, a sermon was preached +on the occasion by Frampton, who was then chaplain to the Earl of Elgin, +the Countess's near relative. In sending these scraps, allow me to express +the hope that MR. EVANS has not laid aside his intention of favouring us +with a Life of Frampton. + +E. H. A. + + [We cordially join in the wish expressed by our correspondent, that the + Vicar of Shoreditch will before long favour us with the publication of + the manuscript life of this amiable prelate, written, we believe, by + his chaplain. It appears to us doubtful whether the bishop ever + published any of his sermons, from what he states in a letter given in + the Appendix to _The Life of John Kettlewell_. "I have often," he says, + "been in the pulpit, in season and out of season, and also bold and + honest enough there, God be praised; but never in the _printing-house_ + yet; and believe I never shall be." The longest printed account of this + deprived bishop is given in Rudder's _History and Antiquities of + Gloucester_; and no doubt many particulars respecting him and other + Nonjurors may be found in the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library.] + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432; Vol. vii. _passim_).--At Dunblane +the collection of books bequeathed by the amiable Leighton is still +preserved. At All Saints, Newcastle-on-Tyne, I once saw, among some old +books in the vestry, a small quarto volume of tracts, including Archbishop +Laud's speech in the Star Chamber, at the censure of Bastwick, Burton, and +Prynne. It had been presented by the Rev. E. Moise, M. A., many years +lecturer of that church. + +The old library at St. Nicholas, Newcastle-on-Tyne, contains many curious +books and MSS., particularly the old Bible belonging to Hexham Abbey. This +library was greatly augmented by the munificent bequest of the Rev. Dr. +Thomlinson, rector of Whickham, prebendary of St. Paul's, and lecturer of +St. Nicholas, who died at an advanced age, in 1748, leaving all his books +to this church. In 1825 Archdeacon Bowyer presented a series of lending +libraries--ninety-three in all--to the several parishes in the county of +Northumberland. {606} They are in the custody of the incumbent for the time +being. Lastly, there is a very valuable library at Bamburgh Castle, the +bequest of Dr. Sharp: the books are allowed to circulate gratuitously +amongst the clergy and respectable inhabitants of the adjoining +neighbourhood. + +E. H. A. + +The Honourable Mrs. Dudleya North died in 1712. Her choice collection of +books in oriental learning were "by her only surviving brother, the then +Lord North and Grey, given to the parochial library at Rougham, in Norfolk, +founded by the Hon. Roger North, Esq., for the use of the minister of that +parish, and, under certain regulations and restrictions, of the +neighbouring clergy also, for ever. Amongst these there is, in particular, +one very neat pocket Hebrew Bible in 12mo., without points, with silver +clasps to it, and bound in blue Turkey leather, in a case of the same +materials, which she constantly carried to church with her.... In the first +leaf of all the books that had been hers, when they were deposited in that +library," was a Latin inscription, setting forth the names of the late +owner, and of the donor of these books. (Ballard's _Memoirs of British +Ladies_. 8vo. 1775, p. 286.) + +ANON. + +_Pierrepont_ (Vol. vii., p. 65.).--John Pierrepont, of Wadworth, near +Doncaster, who died 1st July, 1653, is described on a brass plate to his +memory, in the church at Wadworth, as "generosus." He was owner of the +rectory and other property there. It appears from the register that he +married, 18th April, 1609, Margaret, daughter and coheir of Michael +Cocksonn, Gent., of Wadworth and Crookhill, and by her (who was buried 22nd +July, 1620) he had + +MARY (ultimately only daughter and heir), baptized at Wadworth, 27th July, +1612; married John Battie, of Wadworth, Gent., and had issue, + + Francis Battie, of Wadworth, Gent., who died without issue, 1682; + having married Martha, daughter of Michael Fawkes, Esq., of Farnley. + + Elizabeth, wife of John Cogan, of Hull. + + Margaret, wife of William Stephens, Rector of Sutton, Bedfordshire. + +FRANCES, bap. 1st July, and bur. Aug. 12, 1616. + +JOHN, bap. 19th Aug., 1617; bur. Feb. 10, 1629-30. + +GEORGE, bur. 26th Jan., 1631-2. + +The arms on the memorial to John Pierrepont are--A lion rampant within +eight roses in orle. + +N.B.--By the _second_ wife of the above John Battie there was issue, now +represented by William Battie Wrightson, Esq., M.P. of Cusworth. + +C. J. + +_Passage in Orosius_ (Vol. vii., pp. 399. 536.).--I cannot exactly +subscribe to the three propositions of MR. E. THOMSON, which he deduces +from his observations on "twam tyncenum" in Alfred's _Orosius_. In the +first place, the sentence in which the word _tyncenum_ occurs is perfectly +gratuitous on the part of Alfred, or whoever paraphrased Orosius in +Anglo-Saxon. No such assertion appears in Orosius, so that we have no means +of comparing it with the original. + +The occurrence, as recounted by both Orosius and Herodotus, is attributed +to a _horse_ (a sacred horse, Herod.), not to a _horseman_, _knight_, or +_thane_. What is meant by the Anglo-Saxon text is, certainly, anything but +clear, as it stands in Barrington's edition; and he himself confesses this, +and does not admit it into his English translation. + +Dr. Bosworth seems to have wisely omitted the word in the second edition of +his dictionary; and Thorpe confesses he can make nothing of it, in his +_Analecta_. We find no such word in Cĉdmon, Beowulf, or the _Saxon +Chronicle_; and the only reference made by Dr. Bosworth, in his first +edition, is to this very place in Alfred's _Orosius_, in which he seems to +have followed Lye. + +May it not have been an error in the earlier transcribers of the MS., and +the real word have been _twentigum_, _i. e._ he ordered his thane to pass +over the river _with twenty men_, since the thane, by himself, could have +been but of little use on the other side the river? However this may be, +the fact is not historical at all, and therefore, as respects history, is +of little consequence. + +JOHN ORMAN, M.A. + +Cambridge. + +_Pugna Porcorum_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--The author of this poem, as is +generally believed (though its production has also been assigned to +Gilbertus Cognatus or Cousin), was Joannes Leo Placentius, or Placentinus, +of whom the following account is given in the _Biographie Universelle_: + + "Jean-Leo Placentius ou Le Plaisant, n'est connu que comme l'auteur + d'un petit poème _tautogramme_, genre de composition qui ne peut offrir + que le frivole mérite de la difficulté vaincue. Né à Saint Trond, au + pays de Liège, il fit ses études à Bois-le-Duc, dans l'école des + Hiéronomytes; embrassa la vie religieuse, au commencement du seizième + siècle, dans l'ordre des Dominicains, et fut envoyé à Louvain pour y + faire son cours de théologie. Les autres circonstances de sa vie sont + ignorées; et ce n'est que par conjecture qu'on place sa mort à l'année + 1548. On peut consulter sur cet écrivain, la _Bibl. Belgica_ de + Foppens, et les _Scriptores ordin. Prĉdicator._ des PP. Quétif et + Echard." + +[Greek: Alieus]. + +Dublin. + +This production appears to have been merely designed as a display of the +writer's skill. Dr. Brown notices it in his _Philosophy of the Mind_, lect. +36; and Ebert: "PORCIUS, _Pugna Porcorum_, per P. Porcium, Poetam (J. +Leonem), without {607} place, 1530, 8vo., 8 leaves. Printed in Italics, and +probably at Cologne or in Holland." He enumerates several other editions, +the last of which is that of Walch, 1786. + +B. H. C. + +_Oaken Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--These are rare. Three of +the latter exist at Little Horkesley, Essex. Two are figures of +cross-legged knights in chain armour and surcoats: one is a female figure +wimpled. They are supposed by Suckling to represent members of the +Horkesley family, who held that manor from 1210 to 1322. + +Another instance is the effigy of a cross-legged knight in chain mail at +Danbury in the same county. An account of these will be found in vol. iii. +of Weale's _Architectural Papers_. + +At Ashwell, Rutland, is an effigy in wood of a cross-legged knight, also in +chain mail, if I remember rightly. It is not quite evident, from the +description in Weale's book, whether there are three effigies at Danbury or +only one. Of the same material is the figure of Isabella of Angoulême at +Fontevrault. A catalogue of these wooden effigies would be interesting. + +CHEVERELLS. + +_Bowyer Bible_ (Vol. vii., _passim_).--Relative to the history and various +possessors of this curious Bible, I find the following notice in _The +Times_, Oct. 14, 1840: + + "There is at present, in the possession of Mrs. Parker of Golden + Square, a copy of Macklin's Bible in forty-five large volumes, + illustrated with nearly 7000 engravings from the age of Michael Angelo + to that of Reynolds and West. The work also contains about 200 original + drawings or vignettes by Loutherbourg. + + "The prints and etchings include the works of Raffaelle, Marc Antonio, + Albert Durer, Callot, Rembrandt, and other masters, consisting of + representations of nearly every fact, circumstance, and object + mentioned in the Holy Scriptures. There are, moreover, designs of + trees, plants, flowers, quadrupeds, birds, fishes, and insects; such + as, besides fossils, have been adduced in proof of the universal + Deluge. The most authentic Scripture atlasses are bound up with the + volumes. The Bible was the property of the late Mr. Bowyer the + publisher, who collected and arranged the engravings, etchings, and + drawings at great expense and labour; and he is said to have been + engaged for upwards of thirty years in rendering it perfect. It was + insured at the Albion Insurance Office for 3000l." + +In the British Museum are several large works, particularly British +topography, illustrated in a similar manner, and which thus contain +materials of the rarest and most valuable description. Of these I would +only at present mention Salmon's _Hertfordshire_ illustrated by +Baskerville, and Lysons's _Environs_, in the King's Library. A long list of +such valuable works might be furnished from the Museum catalogues. + +One of the most laborious collectors of curious prints of every kind was +John Bagford, whose voluminous collections are amongst the Harleian MSS. in +many folio volumes, in which will be found illustrations of topography to +be met with nowhere else. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 504.).--Our friend A. J. is certainly not +one of the "remnant of true believers." By way of aiding in the crusade to +convert him to the faith, I hereunder quote a couple of instances, "within +the age of registers," which I trust will in some degree satisfy his pagan +incredulity. The parish registers of the township of Church Minshull, in +Cheshire, begin in 1561, and in the portion for the year 1649 appears the +following: + + "Thomas Damme, of Leighton, buried the 26th of February, being of the + age of seven score and fourteen." + +This entry was made under the "Puritan dispensation," when the parish +scribe was at any rate supposed to be an "oracle of truth." Here, however, +is another instance, culled from the Register of Burials for the parish of +Frodsham, also in Cheshire: + + "1512/3. Feb. 12. Thomas Hough, cujus ĉtas CXLI." + +And again, on the very next day after-- + + "---- Feb. 13. Randle Wall, ĉtas 104." + +I have met with other instances, but those now enumerated will probably +suffice for my present purpose. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +John Locke, baptized 17th December, 1716, in the parish of Coney Weston, +was buried in Larling parish, county of Norfolk, 21st July, 1823. He is +registered as 110 years of age. He and his family always said that he was +three years old when he was baptized. I saw and conversed with him in Jan. +1823. + +F. W. J. + +_Lady Anne Gray_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--Referring to Sir John Harington's +poem, I do not find that the Christian name of the Lady Gray is set down at +all; the words of the stanza are,-- + + "First doth she give to _Grey_, + The falcon's curtesse kind." + +I find in the pedigrees, British Museum, a "Lady Anne Grey" (daughter to +John Lord Grey of Pirgo, brother to Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk) _married_ +to "Henry Denny of Waltham," father to the Earl of Norwich of that name. +She was his first wife, and dying without issue, he married again "Lady +Honora Grey, daughter of Lord Grey de Wilton;" but I scarce think this Lady +Anne Grey could have been the maid of honour to the princess. The number of +Greys of different stocks and branches at that period, are beyond counting +or distinguishing from each other, and yet the fall of a queen's maid of +honour should be {608} easily traceable. Isabella Markham, one of the six +ladies, married Sir John Harington himself. + +On referring to Lodge's _Illustrations_, I find the Lord John Grey one of +those noblemen appointed to attend Queen Elizabeth on her _entrée_ from +Hatfield to London on her accession, so that his daughter may well have +been one of her maids of honour; yet from comparison of dates I think she +can scarce have been the wife of Henry Denny. + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + +_Sir John Fleming_ (Vol. vii., p. 356.).--If CARET can obtain access to the +pedigree of the Flemings of Rydal Hall, Westmoreland, I anticipate he will +find that this Sir John was the third son of Sir Michael le Fleming, who +came over at the instance of Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, to assist King +William in his conquest of England. I may add that the Rydal family, +honoured with a baronetcy, Oct. 4, 1704, bear for their arms--"Gules, a +fret argent." + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Life_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Campbell, in his lines entitled _A Dream_, +writes: + + "Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver! + Life's career so void of pain, + As to wish its fitful fever + New begun again?" + +Though everybody knows the line-- + + "After life's fitful fever he sleeps well"-- + +I think Campbell might have acknowledged his adoption of the words by +marking them, and might have improved his own lines (with all deference be +it said) if he had written-- + + "Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver! + _Thy_ career so void of pain, + As to wish 'life's fitful fever' + New begun again?" + +F. JAMES. + + "I would not live my days over again if I could command them by a wish, + for the snares of life are greater than the fears of death." (Penn's + father, the Admiral.) + +Penn himself said, that if he had to live his life over again, he could +serve God, his neighbour, and himself better than he had done. Considering +the history of the father and son's respective lives (and of those I before +alluded to), though the latter's remarks may appear presumptuous, which +showed the most _wisdom_ is an open question. Does not H. C. K.'s +professional experience enable him to give a more certain opinion of +ordinary men's feelings than is expressed in "I fear not?" + +A. C. + +_Family of Kelway_ (Vol. vii., p. 529.).--In reply to the Query as to this +family in "N. & Q." of May 28, I beg to mention that in MS. F. 9. in the +Heraldic MSS. in Queen's College library, Oxford, is a pedigree of the +family of Kelway of Shereborne, co. Dorset, and White Parish, Wilts. + +The arms are beautifully tricked. There is a bordure engrailed to the +Kelway coat. With it are these quarterings: 2, a leopard's face g. entre +five birds close s., three in chief, two in base. 3, az. a camel statant +arg. Crest, on a wreath arg. and g. a cock arg. crested, beaked, wattled, +az. + +D. P. + +_Sir G. Browne, Bart._ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--The particulars given by +NEWBURY, while introducing his Query, are extremely vague and inaccurate. +In the first place, the individual he styles _Sir_ George Browne, _Bart._, +was in reality simple George Browne, _Esq._, of Caversham, Oxon, and +Wickham, Kent. This gentleman, who would have been a valuable acquisition +to any nascent colony, married Elizabeth (_not_ Eleanor), second daughter +of Sir Richard Blount, of Maple Durham, and had by her nineteen children, +pretty evenly divided as to sex: for I read that of the daughters, three at +least died young; other three became nuns and one married ---- Yates, Esq., +a Berkshire gentleman. Of the sons, three, as NEWBURY relates, fell +gloriously fighting for Charles, their sovereign. Neither of these latter +were married: indeed, the only sons who ventured at all into the bonds of +wedlock were George, the heir, and John, a younger brother. George married +Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Englefield, Knt., a Popish +recusant, and left two daughters, his co-heiresses. John, his brother, +created a baronet May 19th, 1665, married Mrs. Bradley, a widow, and had +issue three sons and three daughters. The sons, Anthony, John, and George, +inherited the baronetcy in succession, the two former dying bachelors: the +third son, Sir George, married his sister-in-law, Gertrude Morley, and left +three sons, the first of whom, Sir John, succeeded his father; and with him +the baronetcy became dormant, if not indeed extinct. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Americanisms, so called_ (Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., p. 51.).--Thurley +Bottom, near Great Marlow, dear to "the Fancy," may be added to the list of +J. S.'s. + +F. JAMES. + +_Sir Gilbert Gerard_ (Vol. v., pp. 511. 571.; Vol. vi., p. 441.).--Sir +Gilbert Gerard, Master of the Rolls temp. Queen Elizabeth, died on the 4th +of February, and was interred on the 6th of March, 1592 (Old Style), in +Ashley Church, in Staffordshire. The style most probably led Dugdale into +the error noticed by your learned correspondent MR. FOSS, in his last +communication to "N. & Q.," relative to the probate of Sir Gilbert Gerard's +will. I beg to forward you an extract taken from the Parish Register of +Ashley, which, {609} it will be seen, not only records the burial, but +likewise, rather unusually, the precise day of his death, a little more +than a month intervening between the two events, which possibly might be +accounted for. On a careful examination of Sir Gilbert's tomb, I did not +find (which agrees with Dugdale) any epitaph thereon,--a somewhat +remarkable circumstance, inasmuch as Sir Thomas Gerard (Sir Gilbert +Gerard's eldest son and heir, who was created Baron Gerard, of Gerard's +Bromley, where his father had built a splendid mansion, a view of which is +in Plot's _History of Staffordshire_, page 103., not a vestige of which +beyond the gateway is now standing) is said by the Staffordshire historians +to have erected a monument to the memory of his father at great expense; a +drawing of which is given by Garner in his _Natural History of +Staffordshire_, p. 120., with a copious description of the tomb. + + _Extract. Annus 1592._ + + "4 Die Februarii mortuus est Gilbert Gerard, Miles, et Custos + Rotulorium Serenissimĉ Reginĉ Elizabethĉ; et sepultus 6 die Martii + sequentis." + +T. W. JONES. + +Nantwich. + +_Tombstone in Churchyard._--_Arms: Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., pp. 331. 390. +407. 560.).--It appears that I may conclude that 1600 is the oldest +_legible_ date on a tombstone inscription. That of 1601 is cut in relief +round the edge of a long free-stone slab, raised on a course of two or +three bricks, and is in Henllan, near Denbigh. + +The battle-axes (three in fesse) are on the wall over it. I am obliged to +J. D. S.; but in both my cases the arms appear as connected with Welsh +families; but it is the above that I want to identify. + +A. C. + +A correspondent asks for instances of dates on tombstones earlier than +1601. I know of one, at Moore Church in the county of Meath, within five +miles of Drogheda. It is as early as 1597; the letters, instead of being +sunk, are in relief. I subjoin a copy of the inscription: + + "HERE VNDER LIETH THE + BODY OF DAME IENET + SARSFELD, LADY DOWAGER + OF DONSANY, WHO DIED THE + XXII OF FEBRVARY, AN. DNI. + 1597." + +M. E. + +Dublin. + +_Thomas Gage_ (Vol. vi., p. 291.).--Thomas Gage (formerly a Dominican +friar, and author of the _English American_, 1648--as I saw the work +entitled--subsequently a Puritan preacher), is, I imagine, identical with +Thomas Gage, minister of the Gospel at Deal in Kent, whom your +correspondent A. B. R. inquires about, p. 291. If so, he became chaplain to +Lord Fairfax, and, according to Macaulay, was not unlikely to have married +some dependent connexion of that family. + +E. C. G. + +_Marriage in High Life_ (Vol. vi., p. 359.).--I have often heard a similar +story, from an old relation of mine with whom I lived when a girl; and she +had heard it from her father,--which would carry the time of its occurrence +back to the date 1740, named by your correspondent. My informant's father +knew the parties, and I have repeatedly heard the name of the bridegroom; +but whether Wilbraham or Swetenham, I do not now remember. Both Wilbrahams +and Swetenhams are old Cheshire families, and have intermarried. I am +almost certain a Wilbraham was the hero of the story. I have had the house +pointed out to me where he lived, and it was not above a couple of hours' +drive from Chester, whither we were going in the old-fashioned way of +carriage-conveyance. I am sure he was not a peer, though, if a Wilbraham, +he might be related to the late (first) Lord Skelmersdale. + +There is one other little circumstance, which the reference to those former +times has reminded me of,--the pronunciation of the word _obliged_ (as in +the Prologue to the _Satires_, where Pope says: + + "By flatterers besieged, + And so obliging that he ne'er obliged), + +which the old lady that I have referred to, maintained was the proper +pronunciation for _obleege_, to confer a favour; whereas the harsher sound, +to _oblige_, was discriminatively reserved for the equivalent, to compel. +She was a well-educated woman, and had associated with the good society of +London in her youth; and she always complained of the want of taste and +judgment shown by the younger generation, in pronouncing the same word, +with two distinct meanings, alike in both cases. + +E. C. G. + +_Eulenspiegel_ (Vol. vii., p. 557.).--The German verses under MR. CAMPKIN'S +portrait of Eulenspiegel, rendered into English prose, mean: + + "Look here at Eulenspiegel: his portrait makes thee laugh. + What wouldst thou do, if thou couldst see the jester himself? + But Till is a picture and mirror of this world. + He left many a brother behind. We are great fools + In thinking that we are the greatest sages: + Therefore laugh at thyself, as this sheet represents thyself." + +From the orthography, I do not think that the lines are much anterior to +the beginning of the eighteenth century. The names of the artist will be +the safest guides for discovering the date of the print. + +[alpha]. {610} + +"_Wanderings of Memory_" (Vol. vii., p. 527.).--The author of _Wanderings +of Memory_, published by subscription at Lincoln in 1815, 12mo. pp. 151., +was a young man "in his apprenticeship," of the name of A. G. Jewitt. He +dedicates the book to his father, Mr. Arthur Jewitt, Kimberworth School, +Yorkshire. Nearly the whole of the embellishments were engraved by a +younger brother of the author, "who at the time had not attained his +sixteenth year, and who had not the opportunity of profiting by any regular +instructions." + +There are some good lines in the poem, but not enough to rescue it from +that fate which poetical mediocrity is irreversibly doomed to. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The reputation which Mr. Finlay has acquired by his _History of Greece_, +and his _Greece under the Romans_, will unquestionably be increased by his +newly published _History of the Byzantine Empire from DCCXVI. to MLVII._ +The subject is one of great interest to the scholar; and the manner in +which Mr. Finlay has traced the progress of the eastern Roman empire +through an eventful period of three centuries and a half, and while doing +so enriched his pages with constant reference to the original historians, +has certainly enabled him to accomplish the object which he has avowedly +had in view, namely, that of making his work serve not only as a popular +history, but also as an index for scholars who may be more familiar with +classic literature than with the Byzantine writers. + +We understand that Her Majesty and Prince Albert, with that appreciation of +the beautiful and the useful for which they are distinguished, have shown +their opinion of the value of photography by becoming the Patrons of the +_Photographic Society_. + +The _Camden Society_ is about to put to press a work which will be of great +value to our topographical writers, as well as to historians generally, +namely, _The Extent of the Estates of the Hospitalers in England, taken +under the direction of Prior Philip de Thame_, A.D. 1338. The original MS. +is at Malta; and though the transcript of it was made by a most competent +hand, we have reason to believe that our correspondent at La Valetta +(W. W.) would be doing good service both to the Society and to the world of +letters, and one which would be most acceptable to the Transcriber, if he +could find it convenient to revise the proof sheets with the original +document. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Cyclopĉdia Bibliographica, a Library Manual of +Theological and General Literature._ Part IX. of this useful Library +Companion extends from _Göthe_ to _Matthew Henry_.--_Reynard the Fox, after +the German Version of Göthe, with Illustrations, by J. Wolf._ Part VI. +Contains Chap. VI. The Relapse.--Messrs. Longman have added to their +_Traveller's Library_ (in two parts) an interesting and cleverly written +account of our _Coal Mines, and those who live in them_, which gives a +graphic picture of the places and persons to whom we are all for so many +months indebted for our greatest comfort.--Mr. Bohn continues his good work +of supplying excellent books at moderate prices. We are this month indebted +to him for publishing in his _Scientific Library_ the third volume of Miss +Ross' excellent translation of Humboldt's _Personal Narrative of his +Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America_, which is enriched with a +very copious index. In his _Classical Library_ he has given us +_Translations of Terence and Phĉdrus_; and in his _Antiquarian Library_, +the second volume of what, in spite of the laches pointed out by one of our +correspondents, we must pronounce a most useful work for the mere English +reader, the second volume of Mr. Riley's translation of _Roger de Hoveden's +Annals of English History_, which completes the work. Probably, however, +the volume which Mr. Bohn has just published in his _Standard Library_ is +the one which will excite most interest. It is issued as a continuation of +Coxe's _History of the House of Austria_, and consists (for the most part) +of a translation of Count Hartig's _Genesis of the Revolution in Austria_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +KING ON ROMAN COINS. + +LORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson, 1736. + +JAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I. +4to. 1794. + +WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832. + +WALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683. + +WARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818. + +AUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth, 1842. + +SANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794. +Two Copies. + +LOMBARDI (PETRI) SENTENTIARUM, Lib. IV. Any good edition. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +D. A. A. _will find an answer to his Query, "Was St. Patrick ever in +Ireland?" in our_ 5th Vol. p. 561., _from the pen of that accomplished +scholar, the_ REV. DR. ROCK. + +_We have to apologise to many of our Shakspearian correspondents for the +delay which has taken place in the insertion of their communications._ +A. E. B. _will perceive that we have complied with his request in +substituting for immediate publication the paper he sent this week, instead +of one by him which has been in type for two or three weeks._ + +_The coincident communications from two correspondents on Falstaff's +death_,--MR. SINGER_'s valuable emendation of a passage in_ Romeo and +Juliet,--_and_ MR. BLINK_'s and_ MR. RAWLINSON_'s respective +communications, shall have our earliest attention._ + +_We are also compelled to postpone our usual replies to Photographic +Querists._ + +MR. MERRITT_'s Photographic specimens are very satisfactory. There can be +no doubt that, with perseverance, he will accomplish everything that can be +desired in this useful and pleasing art._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ {611} + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's Canson Frères, La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenĉum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the +attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of +his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the +efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability +and convenience of the Folding Ditto. + +Every description of Apparatus to order. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared; at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next +Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks or liabilities; the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy; the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank; +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _£ s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN. +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. {612} + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, in 8vo. pp. 542, price 12s. 6d. + +HISTORY OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By GEORGE FINLAY, +ESQ., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Literature. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + +Who have lately published, by the same Author, + +GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: A Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the +time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman Empire +in the East, B.C. 146--A.D. 717. 8vo., pp. 554, price 16s. + +HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by +the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204--1461. 8vo. pp. 520, price +12s. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, in 8vo., price 16s., + +DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN AND CONNECTION OF THE GOSPELS; With a SYNOPSIS +of the PARALLEL PASSAGES in the ORIGINAL and AUTHORISED VERSION, and +CRITICAL NOTES. By JAMES SMITH, Esq., of Jordanhill, F.R.S., &c., Author of +the "Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul." + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + +"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the +careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, +1852._ + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. + + Volume Three, 1272-1377. + Volume Four, 1377-1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. cloth, + + Volume One, 1066-1199. + Volume Two, 1199-1272. + +"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take +its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN & CO. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to +Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock, +under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been +connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +SINGER ON SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + +Just published, 8vo., 7s. 6d., THE + +TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE VINDICATED from the Interpolations and Corruptions +advocated by JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. in his Notes and Emendations. By +SAMUEL WELLER SINGER. + + "To blot old books and alter their contents."--_Rape of Lucrece._ + +Also, preparing for immediate Publication, in Ten Volumes, fcap. 8vo., to +appear monthly, The Dramatic Works of WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the text +completely revised, with Notes, and various Readings. By SAMUEL WELLER +SINGER. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, June 11, contains Articles on + + American plants + Aphelexis + Azaleas, hardy + Apples, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters + Beer, to make + Boilers, incrusted + Books noticed + Botanical gardens + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Cartridge, Norton's + Chiswick exhibitions + Cinerarias, to grow + Dobson's (Mr.) nursery + Estates, management of + Fences, holly + Forests, crown + Fruits, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters + Gardens, botanical + Gutta percha tubing, to mend, by Mr. Cuthill + Heating incrusted boilers + Holly fences + Leases and printed regulations + Lilium giganteum, by Mr. Cunningham + Norton's cartridge + Pasture, worn out, by Mr. Dyer + Pleuro-pneumonia + Potato-drying _v._ disease + Rhododendrons + Rhubarb, red + ---- wine + Rothamsted and Kilwhiss experiments, by Mr. Russell + Royal Botanical Gardens + Sheep, breeds of, by Mr. Spittal + ----, keeping of + Shows, reports of the Nottingham Tulip, Exeter Poultry + Societies, proceedings of the Caledonian Horticultural, + Agricultural of England, Bath Agricultural + Straw, properties of + Sun, rings about + Tenant right + Turnip seed, raising of, by Mr. Thallon + Vine, disease + Waterer's (Messrs.) nurseries + Wine, rhubarb + Winter, effects of + Woods and forests + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads; +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers. 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +8vo., price 21s. + +SOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest to the +end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of Existing +Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER. + +"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has done +for oil-painting--elucidated its history and traced its progress in England +by means of the records of expenses and mandates of the successive +Sovereigns of the realm--Mr. Hudson Turner has now achieved for Domestic +Architecture in this country during the twelfth and thirteenth +centuries."--_Architect._ + +"The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of the +craft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the reader of +the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest details, as well as +the discriminating judgment presiding over the general +arrangement."--_Morning Chronicle._ + +"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few attempts +that have been made in this country to treat this interesting subject in +anything more than a superficial manner. + +"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has consequently +laid before the reader much interesting information. It is a book that was +wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass of works on +Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we have been deluged. + +"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the more +interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the antiquary's +library."--_Literary Gazette._ + +"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the Squires +and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, that the +leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication will be found to consist. + +"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with careful +woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings by Mr. Blore +and Mr. Twopeny."--_Athenĉum._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Literary and Musical Curiosities, the Collection of Richard Clark, Esq., +Gentleman of H.M. Chapels Royal, Author of "An Account of the National +Anthem," &c. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Saturday, June the 25th, +the LITERARY AND MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of RICHARD CLARK, ESQ., including many +Works on the History and Theory of Music; Musical Works by the best +composers; the Organ-Book of Dr. John Bull, the original manuscript; +attested copies of the Charter of Westminster Abbey (not otherwise +accessible); prints, pictures, curiosities, musical relics, some beautiful +objects, made from the wood of Caxton's printing-office, recently +demolished; the well-known anvil and hammer of Powell, the blacksmith, with +which was beat the accompaniment to his air, adopted by Handel, and since +called "The Harmonious Blacksmith;" and many other interesting items. +Catalogues will be sent on application; if in the country, on receipt of +four stamps. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 18, +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p.596 "Another petition, persented" - "persented" - in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 190, June +18, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20369-8.txt or 20369-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/6/20369/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 190, June 18, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 15, 2007 [EBook #20369] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. Sections in Greek will yield a transliteration when the pointer is moved over them, +and words marked <span class="special" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span> +have comments on the original typography. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 589 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page589"></a>{589}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 190.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, June</span> 18, 1853.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br /> Stamped Edition + 5d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + +<table class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p> On the Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page589">589</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Megatherium Americanum in the British Museum</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page590">590</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Remunerations of Authors, by Alexander Andrews</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page591">591</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Coincident Legends, by Thomas Keightley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page591">591</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakespeare Readings, No. VIII.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page592">592</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakespeare's Use of the Idiom "No had" and "No hath not," by + S. W. Singer, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page593">593</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—The Formation of the + Woman, Gen. ii. 21, 22.—Singular Way of showing + Displeasure—The Maids and the Widows—Alison's + "Europe"—"Bis dat, qui cito dat:" "Sat cito, si sat bene"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page593">593</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>House-marks</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page594">594</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Queries:—"Seductor Succo"—Anna + Lightfoot—Queries from the "Navorscher"—"Amentium haud + Amantium"—"Hurrah!" and other War-cries—Kissing Hands at + Court—Uniforms of the three Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. + Charles II.—Raffaelle's Sposalizio—"To the Lords of + Convention"—Richard Candishe, M.P.—Alphabetical + Arrangement—Saying of Pascal—Irish Characters on the + Stage—Family of Milton's Widow—Table-moving</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page595">595</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Form of + Petition, &c.—Bibliography—Peter Francius and De + Wilde—Work by Bishop Ken—Eugene Aram's Comparative + Lexicon—Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan—Coins of + Europe—General Benedict Arnold</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page596">596</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Parish Registers: Right of Search, by G. Brindley Acworth</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page598">598</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Honourable Miss E. St. Leger, a Freemason, by Henry H. + Breen</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page598">598</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Weather Rules, by John Booker, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page599">599</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Scotchmen in Poland, by Richard John King</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page600">600</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mr. Justice Newton</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page600">600</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Marriage Ring</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page601">601</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Canada, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page602">602</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Selling a Wife, by William Bates</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page602">602</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Enough</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page603">603</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Mr. + Wilkinson's Mode of levelling Cameras—Collodion + Negative—Developing Collodion Process—An iodizing + Difficulty</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page604">604</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor Queries</span>:—Bishop + Frampton—Parochial Libraries—Pierrepont—Passage + in Orosius—Pugna Porcorum—Oaken Tombs and + Effigies—Bowyer Bible—Longevity—Lady Anne + Gray—Sir John Fleming—Life—Family of + Kelway—Sir G. Browne, Bart.—Americanisms, so + called—Sir Gilbert Gerard, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page605">605</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page610">610</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page610">610</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page610">610</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page611">611</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS.</h3> + + <p>George Herbert says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The parson exceeds not an hour in preaching, because <i>all ages</i> + have thought that a competency."—<i>A Priest to the Temple</i>, p. + 28.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Ferrarius, <i>De Ritu Concion.</i>, lib. i. c. 34., makes the + following statement:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Huic igitur certo ac communi malo (the evil of too long sermons) ut + medicinam facerent, Ecclesiĉ patres in concionando determinatum dicendi + tempus fereque unius horĉ spatio conclusum aut ipsi sibi prĉscribant, aut + ab aliis prĉfinitum religiosè observabant."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Bingham, commenting on this passage, observes:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ferrarius and some others are very positive that they (their sermons) + were generally an hour long; but Ferrarius is at a loss to tell by what + instrument they measured their hour, for he will not venture to affirm + that they preached, as the old Greek and Roman orators declaimed, by an + hour-glass."—See <i>Bingham</i>, vol. iv. p. 582.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This remark of Bingham's brings me at once to the subject of my + present communication. What evidence exists of the practice of preaching + by the hour-glass, thus treated as improbable, if not ridiculous, by the + learned writer just quoted? If the early Fathers of the church + <i>timed</i> their sermons by any instrument of the kind, we should + expect their writings to contain <i>internal</i> evidence of the fact, + just as frequent allusion is made by Demosthenes and other ancient + orators to the klepshydra or water-clock, by which the time allotted to + each speaker was measured. Besides, the close proximity of such an + instrument would be a constant source of metaphorical allusion on the + subject of <i>time and eternity</i>. Perhaps those of your readers who + are familiar with the extant sermons of the Greek and Latin fathers, may + be able to supply some illustration on this subject. At all events there + appears to be indisputable evidence of the use of the hour-glass in the + pulpit formerly in this country. <!-- Page 590 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page590"></a>{590}</span></p> + + <p>In an extract from the churchwardens' accounts of the parish of St. + Helen, in Abingdon, Berks, we find the following entry:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Anno <span class="sc">mdxci.</span> 34 Eliz. 'Payde for an + houre-glasse for the pulpit,' 4<i>d.</i>"—See Hone's + <i>Table-Book</i>, vol. i. p. 482.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Among the accounts of Christ Church, St. Catherine's, Aldgate, under + the year 1564, this entry occurs:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Paid for an hour-glass that hangeth by the pulpitt when the preacher + doth make a sermon that he may know how the hour passeth + away."—Malcolm's <i>Londinium</i>, vol. iii. p. 309., cited + Southey's <i>Common-Place Book</i>, 4th Series, p. 471.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In Fosbrooke (<i>Br. Mon.</i>, p. 286.) I find the following + passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"A stand for an hour-glass still remains in many pulpits. A rector of + Bibury (in Gloucestershire) used to preach two hours, regularly turning + the glass. After the text the esquire of the parish withdrew, smoaked his + pipe, and returned to the blessing."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The authority for this, which Fosbrooke cites, is Rudder's + <i>Gloucestershire</i>, in "Bibury." It is added that lecturers' pulpits + have also hour-glasses The woodcuts in Hawkins's <i>Music</i>, ii. 332., + are referred to in support of this statement. I regret that I have no + means of consulting the two last-mentioned authorities.</p> + + <p>In 1681 some poor crazy people at Edinburgh called themselves the + Sweet Singers of Israel. Among other things, they renounced the limiting + the Lord's mind by <i>glasses</i>. This is no doubt in allusion to the + hour-glass, which Mr. Water, the editor of the fourth series of Southey's + <i>Common-Place Book</i>, informs us is still to be found, or at least + its iron frame, in many churches, adding that the custom of preaching by + the hour-glass commenced about the end of the sixteenth century. I cannot + help thinking that an earlier date must be assigned to this singular + practice. (See Southey's <i>Common-Place Book</i>, 4th series, p. 379.) + Mr. Water states that one of these iron frames still exists at Ferring in + Sussex. The iron extinguishers still to be found on the railing opposite + large houses in London, are a similar memorial of an obsolete custom.</p> + + <p>I trust some contributor to the "N. & Q." will be able to supply + farther illustrations of this custom. Should it be revived in our own + times, I fear most parishes would supply only a <i>half</i>-hour glass + for the pulpit of their church, however unanimous antiquity may be in + favour of sermons of an hour's duration. One advantage presented by this + ancient and precise practice was, that the squire of the parish knew + exactly when it was time to put out his pipe and return for the blessing, + which he cannot ascertain under the present uncertain and indefinite mode + of preaching. Fosbrooke (<i>Br. Mon.</i>, p. 286.) states that the priest + had sometimes a watch found for him by the parish. The authority cited + for this is the following entry in the accounts of the Chantrey Wardens + of the parish of Shire in Surrey:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Received for the priest's watch after he was dead, 13<i>s.</i> + 4<i>d.</i>"—Manning's <i>Surrey</i>, vol. i. p. 531.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This entry seems to be rather too vague and obscure to warrant the + inference drawn from it. This also may be susceptible of farther + illustration.</p> + + <p class="author">A. W. S. + + <p class="address">Temple. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE MEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM IN THE BRITISH +MUSEUM.</h3> + + <p>Amongst the most interesting specimens of that collection certainly + ranges the skeleton of the above animal of a primĉval world, albeit but a + cast; the real bones, found in Buenos Ayres, being preserved in the + Museum of Madrid. To imagine a sloth of the size of a large bear, + somewhat baffles our imagination; especially if we ponder upon the size + of trees on which such a huge animal must have lived. To have placed near + him a nondescript branch (!!) of a palm, as has been done in the Museum + here, is a terrible mistake. Palms there were none at that period of + telluric formation; besides, no sloth ever could ascend an exogenous + tree, as the simple form of the coma of leaves precludes every hope of + motion, &c. I never can view those remnants of a former world, + without being forcibly reminded of that most curious passage in Berosus, + which I cite from memory:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"There was a flood raging then over parts of the world.... There were + to be seen, however, on the walls of the temple of Belus, representations + of animals, such as inhabited the earth before the Flood."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>We may thence gather, that although the ancient world did not possess + museums of stuffed animals, yet, the first collection of <i>Icones</i> is + certainly that mentioned by Berosus. I think that it was about the times + of the Crusades, that animals were first rudely preserved (stuffed), + whence the emblems in the coats of arms of the nobility also took their + origin. I have seen a MS. in the British Museum dating from this period, + where the delineation of a bird of the <i>Picus</i> tribe is to be found. + Many things which the Crusaders saw in Egypt and Syria were so striking + and new to them, that they thought of means of preserving them as + mementoes for themselves and friends. The above date, I think, will be an + addition to the history of collections of natural history: a work wanting + yet in the vast domain of modern literature.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Foreign Surgeon</span>. + + <p class="address">Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury Square. + +<hr class="full" > + +<p><!-- Page 591 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page591"></a>{591}</span></p> + +<h3>REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS.</h3> + + <p>In that varied and interesting of antiquarian and literary + curiosities, "N. & Q.," perhaps a collection of the prices paid by + booksellers and publishers for works of interest and to authors of + celebrity might find a corner. As a first contribution towards such a + collection, if approved of, I send some Notes made some years ago, with + the authorities from which I copied them. With regard to those cited on + the authority of "R. Chambers," I cannot now say from which of Messrs. + Chambers's publications I extracted them, but fancy it might have been + the <i>Cyclopĉdia of English Literature</i>. To any one disposed to swell + the list of the remunerations of authors, I would suggest that Disraeli's + <i>Curiosities of Literature</i>, Boswell's <i>Life of Johnson</i>, + Johnson's <i>Lives of the Poets</i> and other works of every-day + handling, would no doubt furnish many facts; but all my books being in + the country, I have no means of searching, and therefore send my Notes in + the fragmentary state in which I find them:—</p> + + +<table class="allb" summary="Payments to Authors" title="Payments to Authors"> + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Title of Work.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Author.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Publisher.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Price.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Authority.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Gulliver's Travels</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dean Swift</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Molte</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>300<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir W. Scott.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Tom Jones</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>H. Fielding</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Miller</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>600<i>l</i>. and 100<i>l</i>. after</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Amelia</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1000<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>History of England</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dr. Smollett</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>2000<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Memoirs of Richard Cumberland</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Himself</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lackington</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>500<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Vicar of Wakefield</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dr. Goldsmith</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Newberry</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>50<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dr. Johnson.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Selections of English Poetry</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>200<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lee Lewis.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Deserted Village</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>100<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir W. Scott.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Rasselas</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dr. Johnson</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>100<i>l</i>. and 24<i>l</i>. after</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Traveller</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dr. Goldsmith</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Newberry</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>21<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Wm. Irving</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Old English Baron</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Clara Reeve</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dilly (Poultry)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>10<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir W. Scott.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mysteries of Udolpho</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ann Radcliffe</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Geo. Robinson</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>500<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Italian</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>800<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mount Henneth</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Robert Bage</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lowndes</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>30<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Translation of Ovid</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>John Dryden</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Jacob Tonson</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>52<i>l</i>. 10s.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>R. Chambers.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto of Virgil</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1200<i>l</i>. and subscriptions</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Fables and Ode for St. Cecilia's Day</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>250 guineas</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Paradise Lost</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>John Milton</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sam. Symmons</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>5<i>l</i>., 5<i>l</i>. 2nd edit., and 8<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir W. Scott.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Translation of the Iliad</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Alexander Pope</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1200<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>R. Chambers.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto of the Odyssey (half)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>600<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto ditto (remainder)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Browne</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>500<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto ditto (ditto)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Featon</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>300<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Beggar's Opera (1st part)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>John Gay</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>400<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto (2nd part)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1100<i>l</i>. or 1200<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Three abridged Histories of England</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dr. Goldsmith</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Newberry</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>About 800<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>History of Animated Nature</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>850<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lives of the Poets</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dr. Johnson</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>210<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Evelina</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Miss Burney</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>5<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>History of England during the Reign of the Stuarts</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>David Hume</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>200<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto ditto (remainder)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>5000<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>History of Scotland</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Robertson</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>600l</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Creech.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>History of Charles V.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>4500<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Gibbon</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>6000<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>R. Chambers.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sermons (1st part)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Blair</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>200<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Creech</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Tillotson</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>2500 guineas</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>R. Chambers</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Childe Harold (4th canto)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lord Byron</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>2100<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poetical Works (whole)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>15,000<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lay of the Last Minstrel</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir W. Scott</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Constable</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>600<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Marmion</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1050<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Miss Seward.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Pleasures of Hope</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Thos. Campbell</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mundell</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1050<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>R. Chambers.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Gertrude of Wyoming</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1500 guineas</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poems</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Crabbe</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Murray</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>3000<i>l</i>.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Irish Melodies</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Thomas Moore</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>500<i>l</i>. a year</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Spelling Book</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Vyse</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>2200<i>l</i>. and 50<i>l</i>. a year</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Philosophy of Natural History</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Smellie</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1050<i>l</i>., 1st edition<br /> and 50<i>l</i>. each + after</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Various (aggregate)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Göthe</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>30,000 crowns</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto (ditto)</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Chateaubriand</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>500,000 francs</p> + </td> + <td class="vertb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ditto.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>I perfectly agree with the suggestion of one of your correspondents, + that, in a publication like yours, dealing with historic facts, the + communications should not be anonymous, or made under <i>noms de + guerre</i>. I therefore drop the initials with which I have signed + previous communications, and append my name as suggested.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alexander Andrews.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>COINCIDENT LEGENDS.</h3> + + <p>In the Scandinavian portion of the <i>Fairy Mythology</i>, there is a + legend of a farmer cheating a Troll in an argument respecting the crops + that were to be grown on the hill within which the latter resided. It is + there observed that Rabelais tells the same story of a farmer and the + Devil. I think there can be no doubt that these are not independent + fictions, but that the legend is a transmitted one, the Scandinavian + being the original, brought with them perhaps by the Normans. <!-- Page + 592 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page592"></a>{592}</span> But what + are we to say to the actual fact of the same legend being found in the + valleys of Afghánistán?</p> + + <p>Masson, in his <i>Narrative</i>, &c. (iii. 297.), when speaking of + the Tájiks of Lúghmân, says,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"They have the following amusing story: In times of yore, ere the + natives were acquainted with the arts of husbandry, the Shaitán, or + Devil, appeared amongst them, and, winning their confidence, recommended + them to sow their lands. They consented, it being farther agreed that the + Devil was to be a <i>sherík</i>, or partner, with them. The lands were + accordingly sown with turnips, carrots, beet, onions, and such vegetables + whose value consists in the roots. When the crops were mature the Shaitán + appeared, and generously asked the assembled agriculturists if they would + receive for their share what was above ground or what was below. Admiring + the vivid green hue of the tops, they unanimously replied that they would + accept what was above ground. They were directed to remove their portion, + when the Devil and his attendants dug up the roots and carried them away. + The next year he again came and entered into partnership. The lands were + now sown with wheat and other grains, whose value lies in their + seed-spikes. In due time, as the crops had ripened, he convened the + husbandmen, putting the same question to them as he did the preceding + year. Resolved not to be deceived as before, they chose for their share + what was below ground; on which the Devil immediately set to work and + collected the harvest, leaving them to dig up the worthless roots. Having + experienced that they were not a match for the Devil, they grew weary of + his friendship; and it fortunately turned out that, on departing with his + wheat, he took the road from Lúghmân to Báríkâb, which is proverbially + intricate, and where he lost his road, and has never been heard of or + seen since."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Surely here is simple coincidence, for there could scarcely ever have + been any communication between such distant regions in remote times, and + the legend has hardly been carried to Afghánistán by Europeans. There is, + as will be observed, a difference in the character of the legends. In the + Oriental one it is the Devil who outwits the peasants. This perhaps + arises from the higher character of the Shaitán (the ancient Akriman) + than that of the Troll or the mediĉval Devil.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VIII.</h3> + + <p>I have to announce the detection of an important misprint, which + completely restores sense, point, and antithesis to a sorely tormented + passage in <i>King Lear</i>; and which proves at the same time that the + corrector of <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> folio, in this + instance at least, is undeniably in error. Here, as elsewhere (whether by + anticipation or imitation I shall not take upon me to decide), he has + fallen into just the same mistake as the rest of the commentators: indeed + it is startling to observe how regularly he suspects every passage that + they have suspected, and how invariably he treats them in the same spirit + of emendation (some places of course excepted, where his courage soars + far beyond theirs; such as the memorable "curds and cream," "on a table + of green frieze," &c.).</p> + + <p>I say that the error of "the old corrector," in this instance, is + <i>undeniable</i>, because the misprint I am about to expose, like the + egg-problem of Columbus, when once shown, demonstrates itself: so that + any attempt to support it by argument would be absurd, because + superfluous.</p> + + <p>There are two verbs, one in every-day use, the other obsolete, which, + although of nearly opposite significations, and of very dissimilar sound, + nevertheless differ only in the mutual exchange of place in two letters: + these verbs are <i>secure</i> and <i>r</i>ecu<i>s</i>e; the first + implying <i>assurance</i>, the second <i>want of assurance</i>, or + refusal. Hence any sentence would receive an opposite meaning from one of + these verbs to what it would from the other.</p> + + <p>Let us now refer to the opening scene of the Fourth Act of <i>King + Lear</i>, where the old man offers his services to Gloster, who has been + deprived of his eyes:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Old Man.</i> You cannot see your way.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Gloster.</i> I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;</p> + <p>I stumbled when I saw: full oft 'tis seen</p> + <p>Our means <i>secure</i> us, and our mere defects</p> + <p>Prove our commodities."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Here one would suppose that the obvious opposition between + <i>means</i> and <i>defects</i> would have preserved these words from + being tampered with; and that, on the other hand, the <i>absence</i> of + opposition between <i>secure</i> and <i>commodious</i> would have + directed attention to the real error. But, no: all the worretting has + been about <i>means</i>; and this unfortunate word has been twisted in + all manner of ways, until finally "the old corrector" informs us that + "the printer read <i>wants</i> 'means,' and hence the blunder!"</p> + + <p>Now, mark the perfect antithesis the passage receives from the change + of <i>secure</i> into <i>recuse</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i10">"Full oft 'tis seen</p> + <p>Our means recuse us, and our mere defects</p> + <p>Prove our commodities."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I trust I may be left in the quiet possession of whatever merit is due + to this restoration. Some other of my humble <i>auxilia</i> have, before + now, been coolly appropriated, with the most innocent air possible, + without the slightest acknowledgment. One instance is afforded in <span + class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span> communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. + vii., p. 136., where that gentleman not only repeats the explanation I + had previously given of the same passage, but even does me the honour of + requoting the same line of Shakspeare with which I had supported it.</p> + + <p>I did not think it worth noticing at the time, nor should I now, were + it not that <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span> <!-- Page 593 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page593"></a>{593}</span> confidence in + the negligence or want of recollection in your readers seems not have + been wholly misplaced, if we may judge from <span class="sc">Mr. + Arrowsmith</span>'s admiring foot-note in last Number of "N. & Q.," + p. 568.</p> + + <p class="author">A. E. B. + + <p class="address">Leeds. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SHAKESPEARE'S USE OF THE IDIOM "NO HAD" AND +"NO HATH NOT."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 520.)</p> + + <p>We are under great obligations to the <span class="sc">Rev. Mr. + Arrowsmith</span> for his very interesting illustration of several + misunderstood archaisms; and it may not be unacceptable to him if I call + his attention to what seems to me a farther illustration of the above + singular idiom, from Shakspeare himself.</p> + + <p>In <i>As You Like It</i>, Act I. Sc. 3., where Rosalind has been + banished by the Duke her uncle, we have the following dialogue between + Celia and her cousin:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Cel.</i> O my poor Rosalind! whither wilt thou go?</p> + <p>Wilt thou change fathers? I will give thee mine.</p> + <p>I charge thee, be not thou more grieved than I am.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Ros.</i> I have more cause.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Cel.</i> Thou hast not, cousin:</p> + <p>Pr'ythee be cheerful: know'st thou not, the duke</p> + <p>Hath banish'd me, his daughter?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Ros.</i> That he hath not.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Cel.</i> <i>No hath not?</i> Rosalind lacks, then, the love</p> + <p>Which teacheth thee that thou and I <i>are</i> one.</p> + <p>Shall we be sunder'd," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>From wrong pointing, and ignorance of the idiomatic structure, the + passage has hitherto been misunderstood; and Warburton proposed to read, + "Which teacheth <i>me</i>," but was fortunately opposed by Johnson, + although <i>he</i> did not clearly understand the passage. I have + ventured to change <i>am</i> to <i>are</i>, for I cannot conceive that + Shakspeare wrote, "that thou and I <i>am</i> one!" It is with some + hesitation that I make this trifling innovation on the old text, although + we have, a few lines lower, the more serious misprint of <i>your + change</i> for <i>the charge</i>. I presume that the abbreviated form of + <i>the = y<sup>e</sup></i> was taken for for <i>y<sup>r</sup></i>, and + the <i>r</i> in <i>charge</i> mistaken for <i>n</i>; and in the former + case of <i>am</i> for <i>are</i>, indistinctness in old writing, and + especially in such a hand as, it appears from his autograph, our great + poet wrote, would readily lead to such mistakes. That the correction was + left to the printer of the first folio, I am fully persuaded; yet, in + comparison with the second folio, it is a correct book, notwithstanding + all its faults. That it was customary for men who were otherwise busied, + as we may suppose Heminge and Condell to have been, to leave the + correction entirely to the printer, is certain; for an acquaintance of + Shakspeare's, Resolute John Florio, distinctly shows that it was the + case. We have this pithy brief Preface to the second edition of his + translation of Montaigne:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + +<p class="cenhead">"<i>To the Reader.</i></p> + + <p>"Enough, if not too much, hath beene said of this translation. If the + faults found even by myselfe in the first impression, be now by the + printer corrected, as he was directed, the work is much amended: if not, + know that through mine attendance on her Majesty, I could not intend it; + and blame not Neptune for my second shipwracke. Let me conclude with this + worthy man's daughter of alliance: 'Que t'ensemble donc lecteur?'</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Still Resolute</i> <span class="sc">John Florio</span>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">S. W. <span class="sc">Singer</span>. + + <p class="address">Mickleham. + + <p><i>Shakspeare</i> (Vol. vii., p. 521.).—May I ask whether there + is any precedent (I think there can be no excuse) for calling + Shakspeare's plays "our national Bible"?</p> + + <p class="author">A <span class="sc">Clergyman</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>The Formation of the Woman</i>, Gen. ii. 21, 22.—The terms of + Matthew Henry on this subject, in his learned <i>Commentary</i>, have + become quite commonplace with divines, when speaking of the ordinance of + marriage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The woman was made of a rib out of the side of Adam: not made out of + his head, to top him; nor out of his feet, to be trampled upon by him; + but out of his side, to be equal with him; under his arm, to be + protected; and near his heart, to be beloved."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Like many other things in his Exposition, this is not original with + Henry. It is here traced to the <i>Speculum Humanĉ Salvationis</i> of the + earliest and rarest printed works. Some of your readers can probably + trace it to the Fathers. The verses which follow are engraven in block + characters in the first edition of the work named, and are copied from + the fifth plate of specimens of early typography in Meerman's <i>Origines + Typographicĉ</i>: Hague, <span class="sc">mdcclxv.</span>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Mulier autem in paradiso est formata</p> + <p>De costis viri dormientis est parata</p> + <p>Deus autem ipsam super virum honestavit</p> + <p>Quoniam Evam in loco voluptatis plasmavit,</p> + <p>Non facit eam sicut virum de limo terrĉ</p> + <p>Sed de osse nobilis viri Adĉ et de ejus carne.</p> + <p>Non est facta de pede, ne a viro despiceretur</p> + <p>Non de capite ne supra virum dominaretur.</p> + <p>Sed est facta de latere maritali</p> + <p>Et data est viro pro gloria et socia collaterali.</p> + <p>Quĉ si sibi in honorem collata humiliter prĉstitisset</p> + <p>Nunquam molestiam a viro unquam sustinuisset."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">O. T. D. + + <p><i>Singular Way of showing Displeasure.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The earl's regiment not long after, according to order, marched to + take possession of the town (Londondery); but at their appearance before + it the citizens clapt up the gates, and denyed them entrance, <!-- Page + 594 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page594"></a>{594}</span> declaring + their resolution for the king (William III.) and their own preservation. + Tyrconnel at the news of this was said <i>to have burnt his wig, as an + indication of his displeasure with the townsmen's + proceedings</i>."—<i>Life of James II.</i>, p. 290.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + + <p><i>The Maids and the Widows.</i>—The following petition, signed + by sixteen maids of Charleston, South Carolina, was presented to the + governor of that province on March 1, 1733-4, "the day of the feast:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + +<p class="cenhead">"To His Excellency Governor Johnson.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"The humble Petition of all the Maids whose names +are underwritten:</p> + + <p>"Whereas we the humble petitioners are at present in a very melancholy + disposition of mind, considering how all the bachelors are blindly + captivated by widows, and our more youthful charms thereby neglected: the + consequence of this our request is, that your Excellency will for the + future order that no widow shall presume to marry any young man till the + maids are provided for; or else to pay each of them a fine for + satisfaction, for invading our liberties; and likewise a fine to be laid + on all such bachelors as shall be married to widows. The great + disadvantage it is to us maids, is, that the widows, by their forward + carriages, do snap up the young men; and have the vanity to think their + merits beyond ours, which is a great imposition upon us who ought to have + the preference.</p> + + <p>"This is humbly recommended to your Excellency's consideration, and + hope you will prevent any farther insults.</p> + + <p>"And we poor Maids as in duty bound will ever pray.</p> + + <p>"P.S.—I, being the oldest Maid, and therefore most concerned, do + think it proper to be the messenger to your Excellency in behalf of my + fellow subscribers."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda</span>. + + <p><i>Alison's "Europe."</i>—In a note to Sir A. Alison's + <i>Europe</i>, vol. ix. p. 397., 12mo., enforcing the opinion that the + prime movers in all revolutions are not men of high moral or intellectual + qualities, he quotes, as from "Sallust <i>de Bello Cat.</i>,"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"In <i>turbis atque seditionibus</i> pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax + et quies bonis artibus <i>aluntur</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>No such words, however, are to be found in Sallust: but the correct + expression is in Tacitus (<i>Hist.</i>, iv. 1.):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Quippe in <i>turbas et discordias</i> pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax + et quies bonis artibus <i>indigent</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Sir A. Alison quotes, in the same note, as from Thucydides (l. iii. c. + 39.), the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"In the contests of the Greek commonwealth, those who were esteemed + the most depraved, and had the least foresight, invariably prevailed; for + being conscious of this weakness, and dreading to be overreached by those + of greater penetration, they went to work hastily with the sword and + poniard, and thereby got the better of their antagonists, who where + occupied with more refined schemes."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This paragraph is certainly not in the place mentioned; nor can I find + it after a diligent search through Thucydides. Will Sir A. Alison, or any + of his Oxford friends, be good enough to point out the author, and + indicate where such a passage is really to be found?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>"Bis dat, qui cito dat"</i> (Vol. vi., p. 376.).—<i>"Sat + cito, si sat bene."</i>—The first of these proverbs reminded me of + the second, which was a favourite maxim of Lord Chancellor Eldon. (See + <i>The Life of Lord Chancellor Eldon</i>, vol. i. p. 48.) I notice it for + the purpose of showing that Lord Eldon followed (perhaps unconsciously) + the example of Augustus, and that the motto is as old as the time of the + first Roman emperor, if it is not of more remote origin. The following is + an extract from the Life of Augustus, Sueton., chap. <span + class="sc">xxv</span>.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Nil autem minus in imperfecto duce, quam festinationem + temeritatemque, convenire arbitrabatur. Crebrò itaque illa jactabat, + <span title="Speude bradeôs" class="grk" + >Σπεῦδε + βραδεως</span>. Et:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'<span title="asphalês gar est' ameinôn ê thrasus stratêlatês" class="grk">ἀσφαλὴς γὰρ ἐστ' αμείνων ἤ θρασὺς στρατηλάτης</span>.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Et, 'Sat celeriter fieri, quicquid fiat satis bene.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps T. H. can give us the origin of these Greek and Latin maxims, + as he has of "Bis dat, qui cito dat" (Vol. i., p. 330).</p> + + <p class="author">F. W. J. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>HOUSE-MARKS.</h3> + + <p>Are there traces in England of what the people of Germany, on the + shores of the Baltic, call <i>Hausmärke</i>, and what in Denmark and + Norway is called <i>bolmĉrke</i>, <i>bomĉrke</i>? These are certain + figures, generally composed of straight lines, and imitating the shape of + the cross or the runes, especially the so-called compound runes. They are + meant to mark all sorts of property and chattels, dead and alive, movable + and immovable, and are drawn out, or burnt into, quite inartistically, + without any attempt of colouring or sculpturing. So, for instance, every + freeholder in Praust, a German village near Dantzic, has his own mark on + all his property, by which he recognises it. They are met with on + buildings, generally over the door, or on the gable-end, more frequently + on tombstones, or on epitaphs in churches, on pews and old screens, and + implements, cattle, and on all sorts of documents, where the common + people now use three crosses.</p> + + <p>The custom is first mentioned in the old Swedish law of the thirteenth + century (Uplandslagh, <i>Corp. Jur. Sveo-Goth.</i>, iii. p. 254.), and + occurs almost at the same period in the seals of the citizens of the + Hanse-town Lubeck. It has been in common use <!-- Page 595 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page595"></a>{595}</span> in Norway, Iceland, + Denmark, Sleswick, Holstein, Hamburgh, Lubeck, Mecklenburgh, and + Pomerania, but is at present rapidly disappearing. Yet, in Holstein they + still mark the cattle grazing on the common with the signs of their + respective proprietors; they do the same with the haystacks in + Mecklenburgh, and the fishing-tackle on the small islands of the Baltic. + In the city of Dantzic these marks still occur in the prayer-books which + are left in the churches.</p> + + <p>There are scarcely any traces of this custom in the south of Germany, + except that the various towers of the city-wall of Nurnberg are said to + bear their separate marks; and that an apothecary of Strasburg, + Merkwiller, signs a document, dated 1521, with his name, his coat of + arms, and a simple mark.</p> + + <p>Professor Homeyer has lately read, before the Royal Academy of Berlin, + a very learned paper on the subject, and has explained this ancient + custom as significant of popular law, possibly intimating the close + connexion between the property and its owner. I am sorry not to be able + to copy out the Professor's collection of runic marks; but I trust that + the preceding lines will be sufficient in order to elicit the various + traces of a similar custom still prevalent, or remembered, in the British + isles; an account of which will be thankfully received at Berlin, where + they have lately been informed, that even the eyder-geese on the + Shetlands are distinguished by the marks of their owners.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">α</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>"Seductor Succo."</i>—Will any of your readers oblige me by + giving me either a literal or poetical translation of the following + lines, taken from Foulis, <i>Rom. Treasons</i>, Preface, p. 28., + 1681?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Seductor Succo, Gallo Sicarius; Anglo Proditor; Imperio Explorator; + Davus Ibero; Italo Adulator; dixi teres ore,—Suitam."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus</span> (D). + + <p><i>Anna Lightfoot.</i>—T. H. H. would be obliged by any + particulars relating to Anna Lightfoot, the left-handed wife of George + III. It has been stated that she had but one son, who died at an early + age; but a report circulates in some channels, that she had also a + daughter, married to a wealthy manufacturer in a midland town. It is + particularly desired to know in what year, and under what circumstances, + Anna Lightfoot died.</p> + + <p><i>Queries from the "Navorscher."</i>—Did Addison, Steele, or + Swift write the "Choice of Hercules" in the <i>Tatler</i>?</p> + + <p>Was Dr. Hawkesworth, or, if not, who was, the author of "Religion the + Foundation of Content," an allegory in the <i>Adventurer</i>?</p> + + <p>In what years were born C. C. Colton, Pinnock, Washington Irving, + George Long, F. B. Head; and when died those of them who are no longer + among us?</p> + + <p>Who wrote "Journal of a poor Vicar," "Story of Catherine of Russia," + "Volney Becker," and the "Soldier's Wife," in Chamber's + <i>Miscellany</i>?</p> + + <p>Did Luther write drinking-songs? If so, where are they to be met + with?</p> + + <p><i>"Amentium haud Amantium."</i>—I should be glad to ascertain, + and perhaps it may be interesting to classical scholars generally to + know, if any of your correspondents or readers can suggest an English + translation for the phrase "amentium haud amantium" (in the first act of + the <i>Andria</i> of Terence), which shall represent the alliteration of + the original. The publication of this Query may probably elicit the + desired information.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Fidus Interpres</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>"Hurrah!" and other War-cries.</i>—When was the exclamation + "Hurrah!" first used by Englishmen, and what was the war-cry before its + introduction? Was it ever used separately from, or always in conjunction + with "H.E.P.! H.E.P.?" Was "Huzza!" contemporaneous? What are the known + war-shouts of other European or Eastern nations, ancient or modern?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + + <p><i>Kissing Hands at Court.</i>—When was the kissing of hands at + court first observed?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + + <p><i>Uniforms of the three Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles + II.</i>—Being very desirous to know where well authenticated + pictures of officers in the regimentals of the Foot Guards during the + reign of Charles II. may be seen, or are, I shall be greatly obliged to + any reader of "N & Q." who will supply the information. I make no + doubt there are, in many of the private collections of this country, + several portraits of officers so dressed, which have descended as + heir-looms in families. I subjoin the colonels' names, and dates of the + regiments:</p> + + <p>1st Foot Guards, 1660: Colonel Russell, Henry Duke of Grafton.</p> + + <p>Coldstream Guards, 1650: General Monk.</p> + + <p>3rd Guards, 1660: Earl of Linlithgow. 1670: Earl of Craven.</p> + + <p class="author">D. N. + + <p><i>Raffaelle's Sposalizio.</i>—Will <span + class="sc">Digitalis</span>, or any of your numerous correspondents or + readers, do me the favour to say why, in Raffaelle's celebrated painting + "Lo Sposalizio," in the gallery of the Brera at Milan, Joseph is + represented as placing the ring on the third finger of <i>right</i> hand + of the Virgin?</p> + + <p>I noticed the same peculiarity in Ghirlandais's fresco of the + "Espousals" in the church of the Santa Croce at Florence. This I remarked + to the custode, an intelligent old man, who informed <!-- Page 596 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page596"></a>{596}</span> me that the + connexion said to exist between the heart and the third finger refers to + that finger of the <i>right</i> hand, and not, as we suppose, to the + third finger of the <i>left</i> hand. He added, that the English are the + only nation who place the ring on the left hand. I do not find that this + latter statement is borne out by what I have seen of the ladies of + continental Europe; and I suppose it was an hallucination in my worthy + informant.</p> + + <p>I must leave to better scholars in the Italian language than I am, to + say whether "Lo Sposalizio" means "Betrothal" or "Marriage:" certainly + this latter is the ordinary signification.</p> + + <p>I have a sort of floating idea that I once heard that at the ceremony + of "Betrothal," now, I believe, rarely if ever practised, it was + customary to place the ring on the right hand. I am by no means clear + where I gleaned this notion.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Brindley Acworth</span>. + + <p class="address">Brompton. + + <p><i>"To the Lords of Convention."</i>—Where can I find the + <i>whole</i> of the ballad beginning—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"To the Lords of Convention 'twas Claverh'se that spoke;"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and also the name of the author?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">L. Evans</span>. + + <p><i>Richard Candishe, M.P.</i>—Pennant (<i>Tour in Wales</i>, + vol. ii. p. 48.) prints the epitaph of "Richard Candishe, Esq., of a good + family in Suffolk," who was M.P. for Denbigh in 1572, as it appears on + his monument in Hornsey Church. Who was this Richard Candishe? The + epitaph says he was "derived from noble parentage;" but the arms on the + monument are not those of the noble House of Cavendish, which sprung from + the parish of that name in Suffolk. The arms of Richard Candishe are + given as "three piles wavy gules in a field argent; the crest, a fox's + head erased azure."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Buriensis</span>. + + <p><i>Alphabetical Arrangement.</i>—Can any one favour me with a + reference to any work treating of the date of the collection and + arrangement in the present form of the alphabet, either English, Latin, + Greek, or Hebrew? or what is the earliest instance of their being used to + represent numerals?</p> + + <p class="author">A. H. C. + + <p><i>Saying of Pascal.</i>—In which of his works is Pascal's + saying, "I have not time to write more briefly," to be found; and what + are the words in the original?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>. + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p><i>Irish Characters on the Stage.</i>—Would any of the + contributors to "N. & Q." oblige me with this information? Who, or + how many, of the old English dramatists introduced Irishmen into their + <i>dramatis personĉ</i>? Did Ben Jonson? Shadwell did. What others?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Philobiblion</span>. + + <p><i>Family of Milton's Widow.</i>—Your correspondent <span + class="sc">Cranmore</span>, in his article on the "Rev. John Paget" ("N. + & Q.," Vol. v., p. 327.), writes thus: "Dr. Nathan Paget was an + intimate friend of Milton and cousin to the poet's fourth (no doubt + meaning his third) wife, Elizabeth Minshall, of whose family descent, + which appears to be rather obscure, I may at another time communicate + some particulars."</p> + + <p>Now, as more than a year has elapsed since the article referred to + appeared in your valuable columns, without the subject of Elizabeth + Minshall's descent having been farther noticed, I hope your correspondent + will pardon my soliciting him to supply the information he possesses + relative thereto, which cannot fail proving interesting to every admirer + of our great poet.</p> + + <p class="author">V. M. + + <p><i>Table-moving.</i>—Was not Bacon acquainted with this + phenomenon? I find in his <i>Sylva Sylvarum</i>, art. <span + class="sc">Motion</span>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Whenever a solid is pressed, there is an inward tumult of the parts + thereof, tending to deliver themselves from the compression: and this is + the <i>cause</i> of all violent motion. It is very strange that this + motion has never been observed and inquired into; as being the most + common and chief origin of all mechanical operations.</p> + + <p>"This motion operates first in a round by way of proof and trial, + which way to deliver itself, and then in progression where it finds the + deliverance easiest."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">C. K. P. + + <p class="address">Newport, Essex. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Form of Petition, &c.</i>—May I request the insertion of + a Query, requesting some of your readers to supply the <i>ellipsis</i> in + the form with which petitions to Parliament are required to be closed, + viz.: "And your petitioners will ever pray, &c." To me, I confess, + there appears to be something like impiety in its use in its present + unmeaning state. Would a petition be rendered informal by any addition + which would make it more comprehensible?</p> + + <p class="author">C. W. B. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The ellipsis appears to have varied according to circumstances: hence + we find, in an original petition addressed to the Privy Council + (apparently temp. Jac. I.), the concluding formula given at length + thus:—"And yo<sup>r</sup> sup<sup>lt</sup>, as in all dutie + bounden, shall daylie pray for your good L<sup>ps</sup>." Another + petition, <span class="correction" title="'persented' in original" + >presented</span> to Charles I. at Newark, <span class="sc">a.d.</span> + 1641, closes thus: "And your petitioners will ever pray for your + Majesty's long and happy reign over us." Another, from the Mayor and + Aldermen of London, in the same year: "And the petitioners, as in all + duty bound, shall pray for your Majesty's most long and happy reign." + Again, in the same year, the petition of the Lay-Catholic Recusants of + England to the Commons closes thus: "And for so great a charity your + humble petitioners <!-- Page 597 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page597"></a>{597}</span> shall ever (as in duty bound) pray for + your continual prosperity and eternal happiness." We do not believe that + any petition would be rendered informal by such addition as would make it + more comprehensible.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Bibliography.</i>—I am about to publish a brochure entitled + <i>Notes on Books: with Hints to Readers, Authors, and Publishers</i>; + and as I intend to give a list of the most useful bibliographical works, + I shall feel much obliged to any one who will furnish me with a list of + the various <i>Printers' Grammars</i>, and of such works as the + following: <i>The Author's Printing and Publishing Assistant; comprising + Explanations of the Process of Printing, Preparation and Calculation of + MSS., Paper, Type, Binding, Typographical Marks, &c.</i> 12mo., Lond. + 1840. I have met with Stower's <i>Printers' Grammar</i>, London, + 1808.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mariconda</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The following Printers' Grammars may be advantageously consulted; 1. + Hansard's <i>Typographia; an Historical Sketch of the Origin and Progress + of the Art of Printing</i>, royal 8vo. 1825. 2. Johnson's <i>Typographia; + or the Printers' Instructor</i>, 2 vols. 8vo. 1824. 3. Savage's + <i>Dictionary of the Art of Printing</i>, 8vo. 1841, the most useful of + this class of works. 4. Timperley's <i>Dictionary of Printers and + Printing</i>, royal 8vo. 1839. Stower also published <i>The Compositors' + and Pressmen's Guide to the Art of Printing</i>, royal 12mo. 1808; and + <i>The Printer's Price Book</i>, 8vo. 1814.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Peter Francius and De Wilde.</i>—In a little work on my + shelf, with the following title,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Petri Francii specimen eloquentiĉ exterioris ad orationem M. T. + Ciceronis pro A. Licin. Archiâ accommodatum. Amstelĉdami, apud Henr. + Wetstenium <span class="special" title="apostrophus numerals in original, like (|) |)C ..." + ><span class="sc">m dc xcvii</span></span>.],"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>occurs the following brief MS. note, after the text of the speech for + Archias:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Orationem hanc pro Archia sub Dno Petro Francio memoriter recitavi + Wilhelmus de Wilde in Athenĉi auditorio Majore, a.d. xviii kal. + Januarias, a<sup>ni</sup> 1699."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The volume is 12mo., containing about 200 pp.; the text of the speech + occupying nearly 42 pp.</p> + + <p>Who was Peter Francius? Did De Wilde ever distinguish himself?"</p> + + <p class="author">D. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Peter Francius, a celebrated Greek and Latin poet, was born in 1645 + at Amsterdam, afterwards studied at Leyden, and obtained the degree of + Doctor of Laws at Augers. In 1674, the magistrates of Amsterdam appointed + him Professor of History and Rhetoric, which office he held till his + death in 1704. See <i>Biographie Universelle</i>.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Work by Bishop Ken.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"A Crown of Glory the Reward of the Righteous; being Meditations on + the Vicissitude and Uncertainty of all Sublunary Enjoyments. To which is + added, a Manual of Devotions for Times of Trouble and Affliction: also + Meditations and Prayers before, at, and after receiving the Holy + Communion; with some General Rules for our Daily Practice. Composed for + the use of a Noble Family, by the Right Reverend Dr. Thomas Kenn, late + Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I find the above in a list of "books printed for Arthur, Betterworth, + &c.," at the end of the 7th edition of Horneck's <i>Crucified + Jesus</i>: London, 1727. I do not remember to have seen any notice of + this work in the recent biographies of the saintly prelate to whom it is + here attributed.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[This work originally appeared under the following title: <i>The Royal + Sufferer; a Manual of Meditations and Devotions, written for the use of a + Royal though afflicted Family</i>, by T. K., D. D., 1669, and was + afterwards published with the above title. It has been rejected as + spurious by the Rev. J. T. Round, the editor of <i>The Prose Works of + Bishop Ken</i>, l838.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Eugene Aram's Comparative Lexicon.</i>—This talented criminal + is said to have left behind him collections for a dictionary of the + Celtic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and English languages, comprising a list of + about 3000 words, which he considered them to possess in common. Was this + ever published? and where are any notices of his works to be found?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The following notice of Eugene Aram's Lexicon occurs in a letter + written by Dr. Samuel Pegge to Dr. Philipps, dated Feb. 18, 1760: "One + Eugene Aram was executed at York last year for a murder. He has done + something, being a scholar and a schoolmaster, towards a Lexicon on a new + plan. Hearing of this, I sent for the pamphlet, which contained some + account of his life, and the specimen of a Lexicon. He goes to the + Celtic, the Irish, and the British languages, as well as others; and + there are things, in the specimen that will amuse a lover of + etymologies." (<i>Gent. Mag.</i>, 1789, p. 905.) Aram left behind him an + Essay relative to his intended work, from which some extracts are given + in Kippis's <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, s.v. The Lexicon does not + appear to have been printed.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan.</i>—I should feel obliged through + the medium of "N. & Q.," to be informed of the whereabouts of a + locality in Scotland with the above euphonious name.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alpha</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan is situated in the island of Mull, and + county of Argyle.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Coins of Europe.</i>—Where can I find the fullest and most + accurate tables showing the relative value of the coins in use in + different parts of Europe?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alpha</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Consult Tate's <i>Manual of Foreign Exchanges</i>, and the art. <span + class="sc">Coins</span> in M<sup>c</sup>Culloch's <i>Dictionary of + Commerce</i>.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>General Benedict Arnold.</i>—Can any of the readers of + "N.& Q." inform me where General Arnold is buried? After the failure + of his attempt to deliver up West Point to the English, he escaped, went + to England, and never returned to his native <!-- Page 598 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page598"></a>{598}</span> country. I have heard + that he died about forty years ago, near Brompton, England; and would be + glad to have the date of his death, and any inscription which may be on + his tomb.</p> + + <p class="author">W. B. R. + + <p class="address">Philadelphia. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[General Arnold died 14th June, 1801, in the sixty-first year of his + age. His remains were interred on the 21st at Brompton.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>PARISH REGISTERS.—RIGHT OF SEARCH.</h3> + + <p>In Vol. iv., p. 473. a Query on this subject is inserted, to which, in + Vol. v., p. 37., <span class="sc">Mr. Chadwick</span> replied.</p> + + <p>The question, one of great importance to the genealogist, has recently + been the subject of judicial decision, in the case of Steele <i>v.</i> + Williams, reported in the 17th volume of the <i>Jurist</i>, p. 464. (the + Number for Saturday, 28th May).</p> + + <p>At the opening of the argument, the Court of Exchequer decided that + the fees, &c. are regulated by the 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 86., "An + Act for registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England," which in + the 35th section enacts—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"That every rector, vicar, curate, and every registrar, registering + officer, and secretary, who shall have the keeping, for the time being, + of any register book of births, deaths, or marriages, shall at all + reasonable times allow searches to be made of any register book in his + keeping, and shall give a copy, certified under his hand, of any entry or + entries in the same, on payment of the fee hereinafter mentioned; that is + to say, for every search extending over a period not more than one year, + the sum of 1<i>s.</i>, and 6<i>d.</i> additional for every additional + year; and the sum of 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for every single + certificate."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Chadwick</span> seemed to consider this section + only applied to "civil registration;" but this view is, I apprehend, now + quite untenable.</p> + + <p>The case was, whether a parish clerk had a right to charge 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>, where the party searching the register did not require + "certified copies," but only made his own extracts; <i>and it is decided + he has no such right</i>.</p> + + <p>Mr. Baron Parke in his judgment says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I think this payment was not voluntary, because the defendant" [the + parish clerk] "told the plaintiff, that if he did not pay him for + certificates, in all cases in which he wanted to make extracts, he should + not make a search at all. <i>I think the plaintiff had at all events a + right to make a search, and during that time make himself master, as he + best might, of the contents of the book, and could not be prevented from + so doing by the clerk</i> in whose custody they were; who in the present + case insisted that if he wanted copies he must have certificates with the + signature of the incumbent. For the 1<i>s.</i> he paid, the applicant had + a right to look at all the names in one year. He had no right to remain + an unreasonable time looking at the book; nor perhaps, strictly speaking, + was the parish clerk bound to put it into his hands at all: for the clerk + has a right to superintend everything done, and might fairly say to a + man, 'Your hands are dirty: keep them in your pockets.' The applicant + could therefore only exercise his right of search during a reasonable + time, and make extracts that way. <i>If a man insists on taking himself a + copy of anything in the books, that case is not provided for by the + statute</i>: but if he requires a copy certified by the clergyman, then + he must pay an additional fee for it.</p> + + <p>"It was consequently <i>an illegal act</i> in the defendant to insist + that the plaintiff should pay 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for each entry in the + book, of which he might choose to make an extract," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mr. Baron Martin says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"With respect to the statute, counsel (Mr. Robinson) says, because + taking extracts is not mentioned in the statute, it is competent for a + parish clerk to take an extra payment for allowing them to be made. Where + a man is allowed by statute to receive money, it is, as it were, by + virtue of a contract that the statute makes for him, and he cannot make a + contract for a different sum. The defendant here is bound by the entirety + of the statute; <i>he may be paid for a search</i>, <span + class="sc">or</span> <i>for a certified copy</i>, <span class="sc">but + there is no intermediate course</span>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This decision will, I hope, have the effect of removing the + difficulties so often experienced in making searches for genealogical + purposes. At all events, the person making such search can now + <i>safely</i> make his own notes, none daring <i>lawfully</i> to make him + afraid. I have to apologise for the length of this letter.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Brindley Acworth.</span> + + <p class="address">12. King's Bench Walk, Temple. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE HONOURABLE MISS E. ST. LEGER, A FREEMASON.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iv., p. 234.)</p> + + <p>There is an inquiry in Vol. iv., p. 234., as to whether there is any + truth in the story, that the Honourable Miss E. St. Leger was made a + freemason; and as no account of the circumstances has yet appeared in + your pages, I send you the following statement, which has been extracted + from <i>The Patrician</i>. Apart from its value as a record of this + singular fact, it contains other particulars which you may deem worthy of + preservation in "N. & Q."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The Hon. Elizabeth St. Leger as the only female who was ever + initiated into the ancient and honourable mystery of Freemasonry. How she + obtained this honour we shall lay before our readers, having obtained the + only genuine information from the best sources.</p> + + <p>"Lord Doneraile, Miss St. Leger's father, a very zealous mason, held a + warrant, and occasionally opened Lodge at Doneraile House, his sons and + some intimate friends assisting; and it is said that never were the + masonic duties more rigidly performed than by the brethren of No. 150, + the number of their warrant.</p> + + <p>"It appears that previous to the initiation of a gentleman to the + first steps of masonry, Miss St Leger, <!-- Page 599 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page599"></a>{599}</span> who was a young girl, + happened to be in an apartment adjoining the room generally used as a + lodge-room; but whether the young lady was there by design or accident, + we cannot confidently state. This room at the time was undergoing some + alteration: amongst other things, the wall was considerably reduced in + one part, for the purpose of making a saloon.</p> + + <p>"The young lady having heard the voices of the Freemasons, and + prompted by the curiosity natural to all, to see this mystery so long and + so secretly locked up from public view, she had the courage to pick a + brick from the wall with her scissors, and witnessed the ceremony through + the first two steps. Curiosity gratified, fear at once took possession of + her mind; and those who understand this passage, well know what the + feelings of any person must be who could unlawfully behold that ceremony. + Let them then judge what were the feelings of a young girl, under such + extraordinary circumstances.</p> + + <p>"Here was no mode of escape except through the very room where the + concluding part of the second step was still being solemnised; and that + being at the far end, and the room a very large one, she had resolution + sufficient to attempt her escape that way, and with light but trembling + step glided along unobserved, laid her hand on the handle of the door, + and gently opening it, before her stood, to her dismay, a grim and surly + <i>tiler</i>, with his long sword unsheathed. A shriek that pierced + through the apartment alarmed the members of the lodge, who all rushing + to the door, and finding that Miss St. Leger had been in the room during + the ceremony, in the first paroxysm of their rage, it is said, her death + was resolved upon; but from the moving and earnest supplication of her + younger brother, her life was spared, on condition of her going through + the two steps of the solemn ceremony she had unlawfully witnessed. This + she consented to do, and they conducted the beautiful and terrified young + lady through those trials which are sometimes more than enough for + masculine resolution, little thinking they were taking into the bosom of + their craft a member that would afterwards reflect a lustre on the annals + of Masonry.</p> + + <p>"Miss St. Leger was directly descended from Sir Robert De St. Leger, + who accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and was of that high + repute that he, with his own hand, supported that prince when he first + went out of his ship to land in Sussex.</p> + + <p>"Miss St. Leger was cousin to General Anthony St. Leger, Governor of + St. Lucia, who instituted the interesting race and the celebrated + Doncaster St. Leger stakes.</p> + + <p>"Miss St. Leger married Richard Aldworth, Esq., of Newmarket, a member + of a highly honourable and ancient family, long celebrated for their + hospitality and other virtues. Whenever a benefit was given at the + theatres in Dublin or Cork for the Masonic Orphan Asylum, she walked at + the head of the Freemasons, with her apron and other insignia of + Freemasonry, and sat in the front row of the stage box. The house was + always crowded on those occasions.</p> + + <p>"The portrait of this estimable woman is in the lodge room of almost + every lodge in Ireland."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>WEATHER RULES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 522.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent J. A., jun., invites further contributions on the + subject to which he refers. Though by no means infallible, such + prognostics are not without a measure of truth, founded as they are on + habits of close observation:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. "Si sol splendescat Maria Purificante</p> + <p class="i2">Major erit glacies post festum quàm fuit ante."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Rendered thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">"When on the Purification sun hath shin'd,</p> + <p class="i2">The greater part of winter comes behind."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>2. "If the sun shines on Easter-day, it shines on Whit</p> + <p class="i2">Sunday likewise."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>To this I may add the French adage:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">"Quel est Vendredi tel Dimanche."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>From a MS. now in my possession, dating two centuries back, I extract + the following remarks on "Times and Seasons," as not wholly unconnected + with the present subject:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Easter-day never falleth lower than the 22nd of March, and never + higher than the 25th of April."</p> + + <p>"Shrove Sunday has its range between the 1st of February and the 7th + of March."</p> + + <p>"Whit Sunday between the 10th of May and the 13th of June."</p> + + <p>"A rule of Shrovetide:—The Tuesday after the second change of + the moon after New Year's-day is always Shrove Tuesday."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To these I may perhaps be permitted to add certain cautions, derived + frown the same source:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The first Monday in April, the day on which Cain was born, and Abel + was slain.</p> + + <p>"The second Monday in August, on which day Sodom and Gomorrah were + destroyed.</p> + + <p>"The 31st of December, on which day Judas was born, who betrayed + Christ.</p> + + <p>"These are dangerous days to begin any business, fall sick, or + undertake any journey."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>We smile at the superstition which thus stamps these several periods + as days of ill omen, especially when we reflect that farther inquiry + would probably place every other day of the week under a like ban, and + thus greatly impede the business of life—Friday, for instance, + which, since our Lord's crucifixion on that day, we are strongly + disinclined to make the starting-point of any new enterprise.</p> + + <p>In many cases this superstition is based on unpleasing associations + connected with the days proscribed. Who can wonder if, in times less + enlightened than our own, undue importance were attached to the strange + coincidence which marked the deaths of Henry VIII. and his posterity. + They all died on a Tuesday; himself on Tuesday, January 28, 1547; Edward + VI. on Tuesday, July 6, <!-- Page 600 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page600"></a>{600}</span> 1553; Mary on Tuesday, November 17, 1558; + Elizabeth on Tuesday, March 24, 1603.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Booker.</span> + + <p class="address">Prestwich. + + <p>It is a saying in Norwich,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"When three daws are seen on St. Peter's vane together,</p> + <p>Then we are sure to have bad weather."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I think the observation is tolerably correct.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SCOTCHMEN IN POLAND.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 475.)</p> + + <p>In the debates about a union with Scotland in 1606, the + "multiplicities of the Scots in Polonia" formed one of the arguments of + the opposing party, who thought that England was likely to be overrun in + a similar fashion. According to Wilson (<i>Hist. of James I.</i>, p. + 34.), the naturalisation of the Scots—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Was opposed by divers strong and modest arguments. Among which they + brought in the comparison of Abraham and Lot, whose families joining, + they grew to difference, and to those words, 'Vade tu ad dextram, et ego + ad sinistram.' It was answered, That speech brought the captivity of the + one; they having disjoined their strength. The party opposing said, If we + admit them into our liberties, we shall be overrun with them; as cattle, + naturally, pent up by a slight hedge, will over it into a better soil; + and a tree taken from a barren place will thrive to excessive and + exuberant branches in a better,—witness the <i>multiplicities of + the Scots in Polonia</i>.</p> + + <p>"To which it was answered, That if they had not means, place, custom, + and employment (not like beasts, but men), they would starve in a + plentiful soil, though they came into it. And what springtide and + confluence of that nation have housed and familied themselves among us, + these four years of the king's reign? And they will never live so meanly + here as they do in Polonia; for they had rather discover their poverty + abroad than at home."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This last "answerer" was Lord Bacon. In his speech "Of general + Naturalisation" (<i>Works</i>, vol. v. p. 52.), he asserts that the + "multiplication of Scots in Polonia" must of necessity be imputed</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"To some special accident of time and place that draws them thither; + for you see plainly before your eyes, that in Germany, which is much + nearer, and in France, where they are invited with privileges, and with + this very privilege of naturalisation, yet no such number can be found; + so as it cannot either be nearness of place, or privilege of person, that + is the cause."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What these "special accidents" were, it would be interesting to + ascertain. Large bodies of men were levied in Scotland during the latter + half of the sixteenth century, for the service of Sweden, and employed in + the Polish wars. Can these have turned merchants, or induced others to + follow them? In 1573, Charles de Mornay brought 5000 Scots to Sweden. In + 1576, whilst they were serving in Livonia, a quarrel broke out between + them and a body of Germans also in the Swedish pay, and 1500 Scots were + cut down. (<i>Geiger</i>, ch. xii.)</p> + + <p>I believe <span class="sc">Mr. Cunningham</span> will find some + notices of Scottish merchants in Poland in Lithgow's <i>Travels</i>, + which I have not at present by me.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Richard John King.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>MR. JUSTICE NEWTON.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 528.)</p> + + <p>Sir Richard Newton was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1438 to + 1444, and died Dec. 13th, 1444, and was buried in a chapel of Bristol + Cathedral. (Collins's <i>Baronage</i>, vol. iii. p. 145.) He assumed the + name of Newton, instead of Caradoc, from Newton in Powysland. + (Collinson's <i>Somersetshire</i>, East Harptrie); and, as Camden, p. + 60., says, the Newtons "freely own themselves to be of Welsh extraction, + and not long ago to have been called Caradocks." These Caradocs were + descended from the ancient kings of Wales. Sir Richard Newton was twice + married: 1. to a daughter of Newton, of Crossland; and 2. to Emmett, + daughter of John Harvey, of London, according to a MS. in the British + Museum; but, according to Somersetshire and Gloucestershire Visitations, + to Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Perrott, of Islington. He had issue by + both marriages, and from the second descended Sir John Newton, who was + created a baronet 12 Car. II., and died in 1661. The baronetcy was + limited in remainder, at its creation, to John Newton, of Hather, in + Lincolnshire, and he became the second baronet. There are several + pedigrees tracing the descent from Sir Richard to the first baronet; but + I have not yet seen the descent to the second baronet, though there can + be no doubt that he was also descended from Sir Richard, otherwise the + baronetcy could not have been limited to him; and probably he was the + next male heir of the first baronet, as that is the usual mode of + limiting titles. In the Heralds' College there is a pedigree of Sir Isaac + Newton, signed by himself, in which he traces his descent to the brother + of the ancestor of the second baronet. It should seem, therefore, that + Sir Isaac was himself descended from the Chief Justice. It would confer a + great obligation on the writer if any of your readers could afford any + assistance to clear up the pedigree of the second baronet.</p> + + <p>As to the representatives of Sir Richard, I doubt whether his heir is + discoverable, although there are many descendants now living who trace + their descent through females.</p> + + <p class="author">C. S. G. + +<hr class="full" > + +<p><!-- Page 601 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page601"></a>{601}</span></p> + +<h3>THE MARRIAGE RING.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 332.)</p> + + <p>I cannot agree with the answer given, under the above reference, to + the question of J. P.: "How did the use of the ring, in the marriage + ceremony, originate?" The answer given is taken from Wheatly's + <i>Rational Illustration</i>, &c., and is in substance + this:—The ring anciently was a <i>seal</i>, and the delivery of + this seal was a sign of confidence; and as a ceremony in marriage, its + signification is, that the wife is admitted to the husband's counsels. + From this argument, and the supposed proofs of it, I beg to dissent; and + I conceive that Wheatly has not thrown any light upon the origin of this + beautiful ceremony. To bear out his view, it would be necessary to prove + that a signet ring had originally been used for the wedding ring—a + matter of no slight difficulty, not to say impossibility.</p> + + <p>What I take to be the real meaning of the ring as a part of the + marriage ceremony, I will now give. It has a far higher meaning in the + ceremony, and a more important duty to perform than merely to signify the + admission of the wife into the counsels of the husband. Its office is to + teach her the duty she owes to her husband, rather than the privilege of + admission into his counsels. The ring is a preacher, to teach her lessons + of holy wisdom referring to her state of life.</p> + + <p>A ring, whenever used by the church, signifies, to use the words of + liturgical writers, "integritatem fidei," the perfection of fidelity, and + is "fidei sacramentum," the badge of fidelity. Its form, having no + beginning and no end, is the emblem of eternity, constancy, integrity, + fidelity, &c.; so that the wedding ring symbolises the eternal or + entire fidelity the wife pledges to her husband, and she wears the ring + as the badge of this fidelity. Its office, then, is to teach and + perpetually remind her of the fidelity she owes to her husband, and swore + to him at the marriage ceremony.</p> + + <p>The wedding ring is to the wife precisely what the episcopal ring is + to the bishop, and <i>vice versâ</i>. The language used during the + ceremony to the one is very similar to that used to the other, as the + object of the ceremony and use of the ring is the same. A bishop's ring, + as we read, signifies "integritatem fidei," <i>i. e.</i> that he should + love as himself the church of God committed to him as his bride. When he + receives the ring at his consecration, the words used are, "Accipe + annulum, <i>fidei scilicet signaculum</i>, quatenus sponsam Dei, sanctum + videlicet ecclesiam, intemerata fide ornatus illibate custodias:" + (Receive the ring, the badge of fidelity, to the end that, adorned with + inviolable fidelity you may guard without reproach the spouse of God, + that is, His Holy Church).</p> + + <p>Hence the office of the episcopal ring throws light upon the office of + the wedding ring; and there can be no doubt whatever that its real + meaning is, in the latter as in the former case, to signify the + <i>eternal fidelity and constancy</i> that should subsist between the + married couple.</p> + + <p>That this is the correct view of the meaning of the wedding ring is + farther confirmed by the prayer used in blessing the ring: "Benedic, + Domine, annulum hunc ... ut quĉ eum gestaverit, <i>fidelitatem + integram</i> suo sponso tenens, in pace et voluntate tua permaneat, acque + in mutua charitate semper vivat."—<i>Rituale</i>, &c.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cyrep.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CANADA, ETC.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 380. 504.)</p> + + <p>My former Note on the origin of this name suggests a question, which, + if you think it worthy of a place in "N. & Q.," may interest many + besides myself, viz. At what period and by whom was that part of North + America called Canada?</p> + + <p>To the French it appears always to have been known as "La Nouvelle + France." La Hontan, who quitted the country 1690, I think, calls it + Canada. Lajitan certainly does, as well as many other old authors.</p> + + <p>In a map of North America, date 1769, the tract bordering on the St. + Lawrence, lately called Upper and Lower Canada, is designated "The + Province of Quebec;" whilst the region to the northward, lying between it + and Hudson's Bay, has the word Canada in much larger letters, as if a + general name of the whole. That the name is slightly altered from an + Indian word is probable, but not so that it was used by the Indians + themselves, who, in the first place, were not in the habit of imposing + general names on large districts, although they had significant ones for + almost every locality; the former were usually denominated the land of + the Iroquois, of the Hurons, &c., <i>i. e.</i> of the people + dwelling, on, and in possession of it. Even allowing that the Indians may + have had a general name for the country, it is very unlikely that one so + unmeaning as "Kanata" would have been imposed upon it by a people whose + nomenclature in every other case is so full of meaning.</p> + + <p>Moreover, although the Mic-macs of Gaspé may have called themselves + Canadians according to Lescarbot, yet we are told by Volney, + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The Canadian savages call themselves 'Metoktheniakes' (born of the + sun), without allowing themselves to be persuaded of the contrary by the + Black Robes," &c.—Vol. ii. p. 438.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following, to the same purpose, is from the <i>Quarterly + Review</i>, vol. iv. p. 463.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"'Tapoy,' which we understand from good authority to be the generic + appellation by which the North American tribes distinguish themselves + from the whites," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 602 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page602"></a>{602}</span></p> + + <p>Now I should imagine both Lescarbot and Champlain, knowing nothing of + the language, and probably having very bad interpreters, must have made a + great mistake in supposing the Gaspésiens called themselves Canadians, + for I have questioned several intelligent Mic-Macs on the subject, and + they have invariably told me that they call themselves "Ulnookh" or + "Elnouiek," "<i>Ninen elnouiek!—We are Men.</i>" But Mic-mac? "O, + Mic-mac all same as Ulnookh." The latter word strictly means Indian-man, + and cannot be applied to a white. Mic-mac is the name of their tribe, + and, they insist upon it, always has been. Again, Kanata is said to be an + Iroquois word, and, consequently, not likely to have been in use amongst + a tribe of the Lenape family, which the Mic-macs are. It does not appear + that we have any authority for supposing the country was ever called + Canada by the Indians themselves.</p> + + <p>It is curious enough that as Canada was said to derive from an + exclamation, "Acá nada!" so the capital has been made to take its name + from another; "Quel bec!" cried one of Champlain's Norman followers, on + beholding Cape Diamond. As in the former case, however, so in this, we + have evidence of more probable sources of the name, which I will + enumerate as briefly as possible. The first, and a very probable one, is + the fact, that the strait between Quebec and St. Levi side of the river, + was called in the Algonquin language "Quebeio," <i>i. e.</i> a + narrowing,—a most descriptive appellation, for in ascending the + river its breadth suddenly diminishes here from about two miles to + fourteen or fifteen hundred yards from shore to shore.</p> + + <p>The little river St. Charles, which flows into the St. Lawrence on the + northern side of the promontory, is called in the Indian language + (Algonquin?) Kabir or Koubac, significant of its tortuous course, and it + is from this, according to La Potherie, that the city derives its name of + Quebec.</p> + + <p>Mr. Hawkins, in his <i>Picture of Quebec, &c., 1834</i>, denies + the Indian origin of the word, since, as he says, there is no analogous + sound to it in any of their languages; and he assumes a Norman origin for + it on the strength of "Bec" being always used by the Normans to designate + a promontory in the first place; and secondly, because the word Quebec is + actually found upon a seal of the Earl of Suffolk, of historical + celebrity temp. Hen. V. and VI., which Mr. Hawkins supposes to have been + the name of some town, castle, or barony in Normandy.</p> + + <p>Such are the pros and cons, upon which I do not presume to offer any + opinion; only I would observe, that if there are no analogous sounds in + the Indian languages, whence come Kennebec and other similar names?</p> + + <p class="author">A. C. M. + + <p class="address">Exeter. + + <p>Surely in the "inscription on a seal (1420), in which the Earl of + Suffolk is styled 'Domin<i>e</i> [?] de Hamburg et de Quebec,'" the last + word must be a misprint for <i>Lubec</i>, the sister city of Hamburg. + <span class="sc">Mr. Hawkins's</span> etymology seems to rest on no more + substantial foundation than an error of the press in the work, whichever + that may be, from which he quotes.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jaydee.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SELLING A WIFE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 429.)</p> + + <p>The popular idea that a man may legally dispose of his wife, by + exposing her for sale in a public market, may not improbably have arisen + from the correlation of the terms <i>buying</i> and <i>selling</i>. Your + correspondent <span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg</span> need not be + reminded how almost universal was the custom among ancient nations of + purchasing wives; and he will admit that it appears natural that the + commodity which has been obtained "per ĉs et libram"—to use the + phrase of the old Roman law touching matrimony—is transferable to + another for a similar consideration, whenever it may have become useless + or disagreeable to its original purchaser. However this may be, the + custom is ancient, and moreover appears to have obtained, to some extent, + among the higher orders of society. Of this an instance may be found in + Grimaldi's <i>Origines Genealogicĉ</i>, pp. 22, 23. (London, 1828, 4to.) + The deed, by which the transaction was sought to be legalised, runs as + follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"To all good Christians to whom this writ shall come, John de Camoys, + son and heir of Sir Ralph de Camoys, greeting: Know me to have delivered, + and yielded up of my own free will, to Sir William de Paynel, Knight, my + wife Margaret de Camoys, daughter and heiress of Sir John de Gatesden; + and likewise to have given and granted to the said Sir William, and to + have made over and quit-claimed all goods and chattels which the said + Margaret has or may have, or which I may claim in her right; so that + neither I, nor any one in my name, shall at any time hereafter be able to + claim any right to the said Margaret, or to her goods and chattels, or + their pertinents. And I consent and grant, and by this writ declare, that + the said Margaret shall abide and remain with the said Sir William during + his pleasure. In witness of which I have placed my seal to this deed, + before these witnesses: Thomas de Depeston, John de Ferrings, William de + Icombe, Henry le Biroun, Stephen Chamberlayne, Walter le Blound, Gilbert + de Batecumbe, Robert de Bosco, and others."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This matter came under the cognisance of Parliament in 1302, when the + grant was pronounced to be invalid.</p> + + <p>Now, we may fondly believe that this transaction, which occurred five + hundred and fifty years ago, was characteristic alone of that dark and + distant period, and that no parallel can be found in modern <!-- Page 603 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page603"></a>{603}</span> times (at + least in a decent class of society, and recognised by legal sanction) to + justify the lively French dramatists in seizing upon it as a trait of + modern English manners. A transaction, however, came before the public + eye a month or two ago, which, should you think the following record of + it worth preservation as a "curiosity of legal experience," may lead your + readers to a different conclusion:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"A young man, named W. C. Capas, was charged at the Public Office, + Birmingham, Jan. 31, 1853, with assaulting his wife. The latter, in + giving her evidence, stated that her husband was not living with her, but + was 'leased' to another female. Upon inquiry by the magistrate into this + novel species of contract, the document itself was produced in court, and + read. It ran as follows:</p> + + <p>"'Memorandum of agreement made and entered into this second day of + October, in the year of our Lord 1852, between William Charles Capas, of + Charles-Henry Street, in the borough of Birmingham, in the county of + Warwick, carpenter, of the one part, and Emily Hickson, of Hurst Street, + Birmingham aforesaid, spinster, of the other part. Whereas the said + William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson have mutually agreed with each + other to live and reside together, and to mutually assist in supporting + and maintaining each other during the remainder of their lives, and also + to sign the agreement hereinafter contained to that effect: now, + therefore, it is hereby mutually agreed upon, by and between the said + William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson, that they the said, &c., + shall live and reside together during the remainder of their lives, and + that they shall mutually exert themselves by work and labour, and by + following all their business pursuits, to the best of their abilities, + skill, and understanding, and by advising and assisting each other, for + their mutual benefit and advantage, and also to provide for themselves + and each other the best supports and comforts of life which their means + and income may afford. And for the true and faithful performance of this + agreement, each of the said parties bindeth himself and herself unto the + other finally by this agreement, as witness the hands of the said + parties, this day and year first above written."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here follow the signatures of the consenting parties. The girl Hickson + was examined, and admitted that she had signed the document at the office + of a Mr. Campbell, the <i>lawyer</i>(!) who prepared it, and that his + charge for drawing up the same was, she believed, 1<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i> + The latter promised her, at the same time, that if the wife of Capas gave + her any annoyance he would put in that paper as evidence. The + magistrates, considering the assault proved, fined Capas 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>, and "commented in very strong terms on the document which had + that day been brought before them." (See <i>Birmingham Journal</i>, Jan. + 5th, 1853.) Has a similar transaction come before the notice of your + correspondents?</p> + + <p>I may add that we are informed by the <i>Birmingham Argus</i> for + March, 1834, that in that month a man led his wife by a halter to + Smithfield Market in that town, and there publicly offered her for + sale.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Bates.</span> + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>ENOUGH.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 455.)</p> + + <p>This word, when written or pronounced <i>enow</i>, is regarded as a + plural, and relates to <i>number</i>. In this sense it is employed in + Northampton and other Midland counties, and is found in old writers. If + the word was always pronounced <i>enow</i>, it must be long since. The + distinction above hinted at prevailed in Waller's time, and he conforms + to it in the examples quoted. Butler, in <i>Hudibras</i>, has both:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"This b'ing professed we hope <i>enough</i>,</p> + <p>And now go on where we left off.'</p> + <p class="i8">Part i. canto 2. 44.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Again, line 1153. of the same canto:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"For though the body may creep through,</p> + <p>The hands in grate are <i>enough</i>;"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>an apparent exception, but not really such. (See also canto 3. 117. + 285., where it rhymes with "off," as also line 809. At line 739. it + written <i>enow</i>, and rhymes with "blow.")</p> + + <p>And again, 873:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"My loss of honour's great <i>enough</i>,</p> + <p>Thou needst not brand it with a scoff."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Other examples may be quoted from the same author.</p> + + <p>In a song, written upon the Restoration of Charles II., we have the + following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Were not contented, but grew rough,</p> + <p>As though they had not won <i>enough</i>."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Loyal Arms</i>, vol. i. p. 244.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the <i>Lamentable Tragedy of Cambises</i>, written early in the + reign of Elizabeth, the word occurs:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Gogs sides, knaves, seeing to fight ye be so rough,</p> + <p>Defend yourselves, for I will give ye bothe <i>inough</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <i>Lusty Juventus, a Morality</i>, temp. Edward VI., is the + following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Call them Papistes, hipocrites, and joyning of the plough;</p> + <p>Face out the matter, and then good <i>ynough</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Here certainly the distinction disappears, as in the next and last + example from <i>Candlemas Day</i>, "Ao. Do. 1512," where Joseph is + speaking:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Take hym in your armys, Mary, I you pray,</p> + <p>And of your swete mylke let him sowke <i>inowe</i>,</p> + <p>Mawger Herowd and his grett fray:</p> + <p>And as your spouse, Mary, I shall go with you."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It would seem therefore, that this word has had its present + pronunciation about three centuries. <!-- Page 604 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page604"></a>{604}</span> Its derivation is + directly from the Saxon <i>genoh</i>, but the root is found in many other + languages, as the German, Dutch, Danish, &c.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Wright</span> supposes there has been a change in + the pronunciation of this word, and inquires when it took place. Now, if + my conjecture be correct, there may have been no change, and these are + two words,—not one pronounced differently. Both the instances + quoted by him are in conformity with my opinion, viz. that where the + sense is "a sufficient <i>quantity</i>," either in substance, quality, or + action, we should make use of <i>enough</i>; yet where a sufficient + <i>number</i> is intended, we should pronounce and write <i>enow</i>. I + recollect (being a native of Suffolk) that I was laughed at by the boys + of a school in a western county, nearly seventy years ago: but I was not + then laughed out of my word, nor am I likely now to be argued out of + it.</p> + + <p>P.S.—I see that Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i> gives the same + statement about <i>enough</i> and <i>enow</i>. This answer is therefore + superfluous. Johnson gives numerous instances of the use of <i>enow</i> + from our best authors.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. R. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Mr. Wilkinson's Mode of levelling Cameras.</i>—As you have + done me the honour to notice my simple invention for levelling cameras, + which I have since had an opportunity of trying in the open air for a + week, and find to succeed perfectly, I wish to correct some errors which + appeared in the <i>Photographic Journal</i>, from which you copied my + remarks, and which arose from the notes being taken down from my verbal + observations. The first part is perfectly correct but after l. 9. col. 2. + "N. & Q." (Vol. vii., p. 462.) it should read thus:</p> + + <p>"The other perpendicular is then sought for; the back or front of the + camera being raised or lowered until the thread cuts the perpendicular + lines drawn upon the sides of the camera. By this means a perfectly + horizontal plane is obtained, as true as with the best spirit-levels, and + in less time. By tying three knots in the silk at twelve inches distance + from the one bullet and from each other, we have a measure for + stereoscopic pictures; and by making the thread thirty-nine inches and + two-tenths long from one bullet to the centre of the other, we obtain a + pendulum vibrating seconds, which is useful in talking portraits; as it + will continue vibrating for ten minutes, if one bullet be merely hung + over any point of suspension."</p> + + <p>Thus we obtain a levelling instrument, a chronometer, and a measure of + distances, at a cost considerably under one penny.</p> + + <p>The above will more fully explain to your correspondent <span + class="grk">Φ</span>. (Vol. vii., p. 505.) my reasons for the length + of thread stated; and with respect to the diagonal lines on the ground + glass, it is not material what may be the distance of the principal + object, whether six feet or six hundred: for if the cross lines, or any + other lines drawn on the glass, cut the central object in the picture at + any particular part—for example, the window of any particular + house, or the branch of any tree,—then the camera may be removed to + higher or lower ground, several feet or inches, to the right or to the + left, and the same lines be made to cut the same objects, previously + noted; the elevation will then be the same, which completes all that is + required.</p> + + <p>In most stereoscopic pictures, the distances are too wide. For a + portrait, two inches and half to three inches, at nine or twelve feet + distant, is enough; and for landscapes much less is required than is + generally given, for no very great accuracy is necessary. Three feet, at + three hundred yards, is quite enough; and four to six feet, at a mile, + will do very well. Let experiment determine: for every photographer must + learn his profession or amusement; there is no royal road to be depended + on. But a small aperture, a quarter of an inch diameter, may be + considered a good practical size for a lens of three and a quarter + inches, depending on light and time: the smaller the aperture, the longer + the time; and no rules can be given by any one who does not know the size + and quality of the lenses employed. Every one can make a few trials for + himself, and find it out; which will be more satisfactory than any + instructions derived from books or correspondence. I obtain all the + information I can from every source, then try, and judge for myself. At + worst, you only spoil a few sheets of paper, and gain experience.</p> + + <p>I perfectly agree with <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>, that it is + much better not to wash the collodion pictures after developing; but pour + on about one drachm of sat. sol. hypo. at once, and then, when clear, + plenty of water; and let water rest on the surface for an hour or more, + before setting on edge to dry.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Wilkinson.</span> + + <p><i>Collodion Negative.</i>—Can you inform me how a collodion + negative may be made? that is, how you can ensure the negative being + always of a <i>dense enough character to print from</i>. This is rarely + the case.</p> + + <p class="author">F. M. + + <p><i>Developing Collodion Process.</i>—I use to develope my + collodion pictures M. Martin's plan, <i>i. e.</i> a solution of common + copperas made a little acid with sulphuric acid. This answers very well + and gives to the pictures, after they have been exposed an hour or two to + the atmosphere, a silver-like appearance: but this copperas solution + seems to destroy the <i>glass</i> for using <i>a second time</i>, + inasmuch as a haziness is cast upon the glass, and its former enamel + seems lost, not to be regained even by using acids. The hyposulphite also + seems to be affected by this manner of developing the <!-- Page 605 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page605"></a>{605}</span> pictures + after a short time, which is not the case with pyrogallic acid. The + hypo., when thus affected with the copperas, appears also to throw a mist + over the picture, which new hypo. does <i>not</i>. I should esteem it a + favour if any of your numerous readers could inform me the cause of + this.</p> + + <p class="author">A. A. P. + + <p><i>An iodizing Difficulty.</i>—May I request the favour, from + some one of your numerous photographic correspondents, of a solution to + the following apparent enigma, through the medium of "N. & Q."?</p> + + <p>Being located in a neighbourhood where there is a scarcity of water in + the summer months, I lately took advantage of a pool in a running stream, + which ran at the bottom of the grounds of a friend, to soak my calotype + papers in, subsequent to having brushed them over with the solution of + iodide of silver, according to the process recommended by <span + class="sc">Sir W. Newton</span>. One-half of the batch was removed in + about two hours and a half, being beautifully clean, and of a nice light + primrose colour; and in consequence of an unexpected call and detention + longer than I had anticipated, the other half was left floating from two + o'clock <span class="sc">p.m.</span> until seven or eight in the evening + (nearly six hours), when, much to my chagrin, I found on their removal + that they had all, more or less, become browned, or, rather, had taken on + a dirty, deep, nankeen colour, those that had been first floated being + decidedly the worst. I had previously thought that the papers <i>must</i> + be left <i>at least</i> two and a half to three hours, a longer period + having no other effect than that of softening the papers, or, at most, of + allowing some slight portion of the iodide to fall off from their + surface, whereas, from the above-described discoloration, an evident + decomposition must have commenced, which I am quite at a loss to account + for; neither can I conjecture what the chemical change can have been. I + have several times before prepared good papers in trays filled with water + from the same stream, but from the quantity running in the brook in the + spring months, I never before have had the chance of floating them in the + stream itself.</p> + + <p>An explanation of the above difficulty from some obliging and + better-informed photographist would be very thankfully received by</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Hele.</span> + + <p class="address">Ashburton, Devon. + + <p>P.S.—The pool of water was well shaded, consequently not a ray + of bright sunlight could possibly impinge on the papers while + floating.</p> + + <p>I have always understood that <i>pure</i> iodide of silver was quite + insensible to the action of light, or to any other chemical change, as + far as the action of atmospheric air was concerned.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Bishop Frampton</i> (Vol. iii., p 261.).—For some account of + this excellent man, see chapter xxxi. of Mr. Anderdon's <i>Life of Bishop + Ken</i>, where are given some very interesting letters, that are printed + from the MSS. in the possession of Dr. Williams, Warden of New College, + Oxford. Frampton appears to have been at one time chaplain to the British + Factory at Aleppo. Mandeville, in the Dedication prefixed to his + <i>Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem</i>, makes honourable mention of him, + and attributes the highly creditable character of the society to the + influence of that incomparable instructor. When the funeral procession of + Christian, Countess of Devonshire, halted at Leicester, on the way to + Derby, a sermon was preached on the occasion by Frampton, who was then + chaplain to the Earl of Elgin, the Countess's near relative. In sending + these scraps, allow me to express the hope that <span class="sc">Mr. + Evans</span> has not laid aside his intention of favouring us with a Life + of Frampton.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We cordially join in the wish expressed by our correspondent, that + the Vicar of Shoreditch will before long favour us with the publication + of the manuscript life of this amiable prelate, written, we believe, by + his chaplain. It appears to us doubtful whether the bishop ever published + any of his sermons, from what he states in a letter given in the Appendix + to <i>The Life of John Kettlewell</i>. "I have often," he says, "been in + the pulpit, in season and out of season, and also bold and honest enough + there, God be praised; but never in the <i>printing-house</i> yet; and + believe I never shall be." The longest printed account of this deprived + bishop is given in Rudder's <i>History and Antiquities of Gloucester</i>; + and no doubt many particulars respecting him and other Nonjurors may be + found in the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Parochial Libraries</i> (Vol. vi., p. 432; Vol. vii. + <i>passim</i>).—At Dunblane the collection of books bequeathed by + the amiable Leighton is still preserved. At All Saints, + Newcastle-on-Tyne, I once saw, among some old books in the vestry, a + small quarto volume of tracts, including Archbishop Laud's speech in the + Star Chamber, at the censure of Bastwick, Burton, and Prynne. It had been + presented by the Rev. E. Moise, M. A., many years lecturer of that + church.</p> + + <p>The old library at St. Nicholas, Newcastle-on-Tyne, contains many + curious books and MSS., particularly the old Bible belonging to Hexham + Abbey. This library was greatly augmented by the munificent bequest of + the Rev. Dr. Thomlinson, rector of Whickham, prebendary of St. Paul's, + and lecturer of St. Nicholas, who died at an advanced age, in 1748, + leaving all his books to this church. In 1825 Archdeacon Bowyer presented + a series of lending libraries—ninety-three in all—to the + several parishes in the county of Northumberland. <!-- Page 606 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page606"></a>{606}</span> They are in the + custody of the incumbent for the time being. Lastly, there is a very + valuable library at Bamburgh Castle, the bequest of Dr. Sharp: the books + are allowed to circulate gratuitously amongst the clergy and respectable + inhabitants of the adjoining neighbourhood.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + + <p>The Honourable Mrs. Dudleya North died in 1712. Her choice collection + of books in oriental learning were "by her only surviving brother, the + then Lord North and Grey, given to the parochial library at Rougham, in + Norfolk, founded by the Hon. Roger North, Esq., for the use of the + minister of that parish, and, under certain regulations and restrictions, + of the neighbouring clergy also, for ever. Amongst these there is, in + particular, one very neat pocket Hebrew Bible in 12mo., without points, + with silver clasps to it, and bound in blue Turkey leather, in a case of + the same materials, which she constantly carried to church with her.... + In the first leaf of all the books that had been hers, when they were + deposited in that library," was a Latin inscription, setting forth the + names of the late owner, and of the donor of these books. (Ballard's + <i>Memoirs of British Ladies</i>. 8vo. 1775, p. 286.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span> + + <p><i>Pierrepont</i> (Vol. vii., p. 65.).—John Pierrepont, of + Wadworth, near Doncaster, who died 1st July, 1653, is described on a + brass plate to his memory, in the church at Wadworth, as "generosus." He + was owner of the rectory and other property there. It appears from the + register that he married, 18th April, 1609, Margaret, daughter and coheir + of Michael Cocksonn, Gent., of Wadworth and Crookhill, and by her (who + was buried 22nd July, 1620) he had</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mary</span> (ultimately only daughter and heir), + baptized at Wadworth, 27th July, 1612; married John Battie, of Wadworth, + Gent., and had issue,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>Francis Battie, of Wadworth, Gent., who died without issue, 1682; + having married Martha, daughter of Michael Fawkes, Esq., of Farnley.</p> + + <p>Elizabeth, wife of John Cogan, of Hull.</p> + + <p>Margaret, wife of William Stephens, Rector of Sutton, + Bedfordshire.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><span class="sc">Frances</span>, bap. 1st July, and bur. Aug. 12, + 1616.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">John</span>, bap. 19th Aug., 1617; bur. Feb. 10, + 1629-30.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">George</span>, bur. 26th Jan., 1631-2.</p> + + <p>The arms on the memorial to John Pierrepont are—A lion rampant + within eight roses in orle.</p> + + <p>N.B.—By the <i>second</i> wife of the above John Battie there + was issue, now represented by William Battie Wrightson, Esq., M.P. of + Cusworth.</p> + + <p class="author">C. J. + + <p><i>Passage in Orosius</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 399. 536.).—I cannot + exactly subscribe to the three propositions of <span class="sc">Mr. E. + Thomson</span>, which he deduces from his observations on "twam tyncenum" + in Alfred's <i>Orosius</i>. In the first place, the sentence in which the + word <i>tyncenum</i> occurs is perfectly gratuitous on the part of + Alfred, or whoever paraphrased Orosius in Anglo-Saxon. No such assertion + appears in Orosius, so that we have no means of comparing it with the + original.</p> + + <p>The occurrence, as recounted by both Orosius and Herodotus, is + attributed to a <i>horse</i> (a sacred horse, Herod.), not to a + <i>horseman</i>, <i>knight</i>, or <i>thane</i>. What is meant by the + Anglo-Saxon text is, certainly, anything but clear, as it stands in + Barrington's edition; and he himself confesses this, and does not admit + it into his English translation.</p> + + <p>Dr. Bosworth seems to have wisely omitted the word in the second + edition of his dictionary; and Thorpe confesses he can make nothing of + it, in his <i>Analecta</i>. We find no such word in Cĉdmon, Beowulf, or + the <i>Saxon Chronicle</i>; and the only reference made by Dr. Bosworth, + in his first edition, is to this very place in Alfred's <i>Orosius</i>, + in which he seems to have followed Lye.</p> + + <p>May it not have been an error in the earlier transcribers of the MS., + and the real word have been <i>twentigum</i>, <i>i. e.</i> he ordered his + thane to pass over the river <i>with twenty men</i>, since the thane, by + himself, could have been but of little use on the other side the river? + However this may be, the fact is not historical at all, and therefore, as + respects history, is of little consequence.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Orman, M.A.</span> + + <p class="address">Cambridge. + + <p><i>Pugna Porcorum</i> (Vol. vii., p. 528.).—The author of this + poem, as is generally believed (though its production has also been + assigned to Gilbertus Cognatus or Cousin), was Joannes Leo Placentius, or + Placentinus, of whom the following account is given in the <i>Biographie + Universelle</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Jean-Leo Placentius ou Le Plaisant, n'est connu que comme l'auteur + d'un petit poème <i>tautogramme</i>, genre de composition qui ne peut + offrir que le frivole mérite de la difficulté vaincue. Né à Saint Trond, + au pays de Liège, il fit ses études à Bois-le-Duc, dans l'école des + Hiéronomytes; embrassa la vie religieuse, au commencement du seizième + siècle, dans l'ordre des Dominicains, et fut envoyé à Louvain pour y + faire son cours de théologie. Les autres circonstances de sa vie sont + ignorées; et ce n'est que par conjecture qu'on place sa mort à l'année + 1548. On peut consulter sur cet écrivain, la <i>Bibl. Belgica</i> de + Foppens, et les <i>Scriptores ordin. Prĉdicator.</i> des PP. Quétif et + Echard."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span title="Alieus" class="grk">Ἀλιέυς</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p>This production appears to have been merely designed as a display of + the writer's skill. Dr. Brown notices it in his <i>Philosophy of the + Mind</i>, lect. 36; and Ebert: "<span class="sc">Porcius</span>, <i>Pugna + Porcorum</i>, per P. Porcium, Poetam (J. Leonem), without <!-- Page 607 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page607"></a>{607}</span> place, 1530, + 8vo., 8 leaves. Printed in Italics, and probably at Cologne or in + Holland." He enumerates several other editions, the last of which is that + of Walch, 1786.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Oaken Tombs and Effigies</i> (Vol. vii., p. 528.).—These are + rare. Three of the latter exist at Little Horkesley, Essex. Two are + figures of cross-legged knights in chain armour and surcoats: one is a + female figure wimpled. They are supposed by Suckling to represent members + of the Horkesley family, who held that manor from 1210 to 1322.</p> + + <p>Another instance is the effigy of a cross-legged knight in chain mail + at Danbury in the same county. An account of these will be found in vol. + iii. of Weale's <i>Architectural Papers</i>.</p> + + <p>At Ashwell, Rutland, is an effigy in wood of a cross-legged knight, + also in chain mail, if I remember rightly. It is not quite evident, from + the description in Weale's book, whether there are three effigies at + Danbury or only one. Of the same material is the figure of Isabella of + Angoulême at Fontevrault. A catalogue of these wooden effigies would be + interesting.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cheverells.</span> + + <p><i>Bowyer Bible</i> (Vol. vii., <i>passim</i>).—Relative to the + history and various possessors of this curious Bible, I find the + following notice in <i>The Times</i>, Oct. 14, 1840:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"There is at present, in the possession of Mrs. Parker of Golden + Square, a copy of Macklin's Bible in forty-five large volumes, + illustrated with nearly 7000 engravings from the age of Michael Angelo to + that of Reynolds and West. The work also contains about 200 original + drawings or vignettes by Loutherbourg.</p> + + <p>"The prints and etchings include the works of Raffaelle, Marc Antonio, + Albert Durer, Callot, Rembrandt, and other masters, consisting of + representations of nearly every fact, circumstance, and object mentioned + in the Holy Scriptures. There are, moreover, designs of trees, plants, + flowers, quadrupeds, birds, fishes, and insects; such as, besides + fossils, have been adduced in proof of the universal Deluge. The most + authentic Scripture atlasses are bound up with the volumes. The Bible was + the property of the late Mr. Bowyer the publisher, who collected and + arranged the engravings, etchings, and drawings at great expense and + labour; and he is said to have been engaged for upwards of thirty years + in rendering it perfect. It was insured at the Albion Insurance Office + for 3000<i>l.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the British Museum are several large works, particularly British + topography, illustrated in a similar manner, and which thus contain + materials of the rarest and most valuable description. Of these I would + only at present mention Salmon's <i>Hertfordshire</i> illustrated by + Baskerville, and Lysons's <i>Environs</i>, in the King's Library. A long + list of such valuable works might be furnished from the Museum + catalogues.</p> + + <p>One of the most laborious collectors of curious prints of every kind + was John Bagford, whose voluminous collections are amongst the Harleian + MSS. in many folio volumes, in which will be found illustrations of + topography to be met with nowhere else.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard.</span> + + <p><i>Longevity</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 504.).—Our friend A. J. is + certainly not one of the "remnant of true believers." By way of aiding in + the crusade to convert him to the faith, I hereunder quote a couple of + instances, "within the age of registers," which I trust will in some + degree satisfy his pagan incredulity. The parish registers of the + township of Church Minshull, in Cheshire, begin in 1561, and in the + portion for the year 1649 appears the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Thomas Damme, of Leighton, buried the 26th of February, being of the + age of seven score and fourteen."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This entry was made under the "Puritan dispensation," when the parish + scribe was at any rate supposed to be an "oracle of truth." Here, + however, is another instance, culled from the Register of Burials for the + parish of Frodsham, also in Cheshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"1512/3. Feb. 12. Thomas Hough, cujus ĉtas <span class="sc">cxli</span>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And again, on the very next day after—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"—— Feb. 13. Randle Wall, ĉtas 104."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I have met with other instances, but those now enumerated will + probably suffice for my present purpose.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span> + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p>John Locke, baptized 17th December, 1716, in the parish of Coney + Weston, was buried in Larling parish, county of Norfolk, 21st July, 1823. + He is registered as 110 years of age. He and his family always said that + he was three years old when he was baptized. I saw and conversed with him + in Jan. 1823.</p> + + <p class="author">F. W. J. + + <p><i>Lady Anne Gray</i> (Vol. vii., p. 501.).—Referring to Sir + John Harington's poem, I do not find that the Christian name of the Lady + Gray is set down at all; the words of the stanza are,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"First doth she give to <i>Grey</i>,</p> + <p>The falcon's curtesse kind."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I find in the pedigrees, British Museum, a "Lady Anne Grey" (daughter + to John Lord Grey of Pirgo, brother to Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk) + <i>married</i> to "Henry Denny of Waltham," father to the Earl of Norwich + of that name. She was his first wife, and dying without issue, he married + again "Lady Honora Grey, daughter of Lord Grey de Wilton;" but I scarce + think this Lady Anne Grey could have been the maid of honour to the + princess. The number of Greys of different stocks and branches at that + period, are beyond counting or distinguishing from each other, and yet + the fall of a queen's maid of honour should be <!-- Page 608 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page608"></a>{608}</span> easily traceable. + Isabella Markham, one of the six ladies, married Sir John Harington + himself.</p> + + <p>On referring to Lodge's <i>Illustrations</i>, I find the Lord John + Grey one of those noblemen appointed to attend Queen Elizabeth on her + <i>entrée</i> from Hatfield to London on her accession, so that his + daughter may well have been one of her maids of honour; yet from + comparison of dates I think she can scarce have been the wife of Henry + Denny.</p> + + <p class="author">A. B. R. + + <p class="address">Belmont. + + <p><i>Sir John Fleming</i> (Vol. vii., p. 356.).—If <span + class="sc">Caret</span> can obtain access to the pedigree of the Flemings + of Rydal Hall, Westmoreland, I anticipate he will find that this Sir John + was the third son of Sir Michael le Fleming, who came over at the + instance of Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, to assist King William in his + conquest of England. I may add that the Rydal family, honoured with a + baronetcy, Oct. 4, 1704, bear for their arms—"Gules, a fret + argent."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span> + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p><i>Life</i> (Vol. vii., p. 429.).—Campbell, in his lines + entitled <i>A Dream</i>, writes:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver!</p> + <p class="i1">Life's career so void of pain,</p> + <p>As to wish its fitful fever</p> + <p class="i1">New begun again?"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Though everybody knows the line—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"After life's fitful fever he sleeps well"—</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I think Campbell might have acknowledged his adoption of the words by + marking them, and might have improved his own lines (with all deference + be it said) if he had written—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver!</p> + <p class="i1"><i>Thy</i> career so void of pain,</p> + <p>As to wish 'life's fitful fever'</p> + <p class="i1">New begun again?"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. James.</span> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I would not live my days over again if I could command them by a + wish, for the snares of life are greater than the fears of death." + (Penn's father, the Admiral.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Penn himself said, that if he had to live his life over again, he + could serve God, his neighbour, and himself better than he had done. + Considering the history of the father and son's respective lives (and of + those I before alluded to), though the latter's remarks may appear + presumptuous, which showed the most <i>wisdom</i> is an open question. + Does not H. C. K.'s professional experience enable him to give a more + certain opinion of ordinary men's feelings than is expressed in "I fear + not?"</p> + + <p class="author">A. C. + + <p><i>Family of Kelway</i> (Vol. vii., p. 529.).—In reply to the + Query as to this family in "N. & Q." of May 28, I beg to mention that + in MS. F. 9. in the Heraldic MSS. in Queen's College library, Oxford, is + a pedigree of the family of Kelway of Shereborne, co. Dorset, and White + Parish, Wilts.</p> + + <p>The arms are beautifully tricked. There is a bordure engrailed to the + Kelway coat. With it are these quarterings: 2, a leopard's face g. entre + five birds close s., three in chief, two in base. 3, az. a camel statant + arg. Crest, on a wreath arg. and g. a cock arg. crested, beaked, wattled, + az.</p> + + <p class="author">D. P. + + <p><i>Sir G. Browne, Bart.</i> (Vol. vii., p. 528.).—The + particulars given by <span class="sc">Newbury</span>, while introducing + his Query, are extremely vague and inaccurate. In the first place, the + individual he styles <i>Sir</i> George Browne, <i>Bart.</i>, was in + reality simple George Browne, <i>Esq.</i>, of Caversham, Oxon, and + Wickham, Kent. This gentleman, who would have been a valuable acquisition + to any nascent colony, married Elizabeth (<i>not</i> Eleanor), second + daughter of Sir Richard Blount, of Maple Durham, and had by her nineteen + children, pretty evenly divided as to sex: for I read that of the + daughters, three at least died young; other three became nuns and one + married —— Yates, Esq., a Berkshire gentleman. Of the sons, + three, as <span class="sc">Newbury</span> relates, fell gloriously + fighting for Charles, their sovereign. Neither of these latter were + married: indeed, the only sons who ventured at all into the bonds of + wedlock were George, the heir, and John, a younger brother. George + married Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Englefield, Knt., a + Popish recusant, and left two daughters, his co-heiresses. John, his + brother, created a baronet May 19th, 1665, married Mrs. Bradley, a widow, + and had issue three sons and three daughters. The sons, Anthony, John, + and George, inherited the baronetcy in succession, the two former dying + bachelors: the third son, Sir George, married his sister-in-law, Gertrude + Morley, and left three sons, the first of whom, Sir John, succeeded his + father; and with him the baronetcy became dormant, if not indeed + extinct.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span> + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p><i>Americanisms, so called</i> (Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., p. + 51.).—Thurley Bottom, near Great Marlow, dear to "the Fancy," may + be added to the list of J. S.'s.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. James.</span> + + <p><i>Sir Gilbert Gerard</i> (Vol. v., pp. 511. 571.; Vol. vi., p. + 441.).—Sir Gilbert Gerard, Master of the Rolls temp. Queen + Elizabeth, died on the 4th of February, and was interred on the 6th of + March, 1592 (Old Style), in Ashley Church, in Staffordshire. The style + most probably led Dugdale into the error noticed by your learned + correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Foss</span>, in his last communication + to "N. & Q.," relative to the probate of Sir Gilbert Gerard's will. I + beg to forward you an extract taken from the Parish Register of Ashley, + which, <!-- Page 609 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page609"></a>{609}</span> it will be seen, not only records the + burial, but likewise, rather unusually, the precise day of his death, a + little more than a month intervening between the two events, which + possibly might be accounted for. On a careful examination of Sir + Gilbert's tomb, I did not find (which agrees with Dugdale) any epitaph + thereon,—a somewhat remarkable circumstance, inasmuch as Sir Thomas + Gerard (Sir Gilbert Gerard's eldest son and heir, who was created Baron + Gerard, of Gerard's Bromley, where his father had built a splendid + mansion, a view of which is in Plot's <i>History of Staffordshire</i>, + page 103., not a vestige of which beyond the gateway is now standing) is + said by the Staffordshire historians to have erected a monument to the + memory of his father at great expense; a drawing of which is given by + Garner in his <i>Natural History of Staffordshire</i>, p. 120., with a + copious description of the tomb.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Extract. Annus 1592.</i></p> + + <p>"4 Die Februarii mortuus est Gilbert Gerard, Miles, et Custos + Rotulorium Serenissimĉ Reginĉ Elizabethĉ; et sepultus 6 die Martii + sequentis."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. W. Jones.</span> + + <p class="address">Nantwich. + + <p><i>Tombstone in Churchyard.</i>—<i>Arms: Battle-axe</i> (Vol. + vii., pp. 331. 390. 407. 560.).—It appears that I may conclude that + 1600 is the oldest <i>legible</i> date on a tombstone inscription. That + of 1601 is cut in relief round the edge of a long free-stone slab, raised + on a course of two or three bricks, and is in Henllan, near Denbigh.</p> + + <p>The battle-axes (three in fesse) are on the wall over it. I am obliged + to J. D. S.; but in both my cases the arms appear as connected with Welsh + families; but it is the above that I want to identify.</p> + + <p class="author">A. C. + + <p>A correspondent asks for instances of dates on tombstones earlier than + 1601. I know of one, at Moore Church in the county of Meath, within five + miles of Drogheda. It is as early as 1597; the letters, instead of being + sunk, are in relief. I subjoin a copy of the inscription:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span class="sc">here vnder lieth the</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">body of dame ienet</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">sarsfeld, lady dowager</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">of donsany, who died the</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">xxii of febrvary, an. dni.</span></p> + <p class="i4">1597."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">M. E. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>Thomas Gage</i> (Vol. vi., p. 291.).—Thomas Gage (formerly a + Dominican friar, and author of the <i>English American</i>, 1648—as + I saw the work entitled—subsequently a Puritan preacher), is, I + imagine, identical with Thomas Gage, minister of the Gospel at Deal in + Kent, whom your correspondent A. B. R. inquires about, p. 291. If so, he + became chaplain to Lord Fairfax, and, according to Macaulay, was not + unlikely to have married some dependent connexion of that family.</p> + + <p class="author">E. C. G. + + <p><i>Marriage in High Life</i> (Vol. vi., p. 359.).—I have often + heard a similar story, from an old relation of mine with whom I lived + when a girl; and she had heard it from her father,—which would + carry the time of its occurrence back to the date 1740, named by your + correspondent. My informant's father knew the parties, and I have + repeatedly heard the name of the bridegroom; but whether Wilbraham or + Swetenham, I do not now remember. Both Wilbrahams and Swetenhams are old + Cheshire families, and have intermarried. I am almost certain a Wilbraham + was the hero of the story. I have had the house pointed out to me where + he lived, and it was not above a couple of hours' drive from Chester, + whither we were going in the old-fashioned way of carriage-conveyance. I + am sure he was not a peer, though, if a Wilbraham, he might be related to + the late (first) Lord Skelmersdale.</p> + + <p>There is one other little circumstance, which the reference to those + former times has reminded me of,—the pronunciation of the word + <i>obliged</i> (as in the Prologue to the <i>Satires</i>, where Pope + says:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6">"By flatterers besieged,</p> + <p>And so obliging that he ne'er obliged),</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>which the old lady that I have referred to, maintained was the proper + pronunciation for <i>obleege</i>, to confer a favour; whereas the harsher + sound, to <i>oblige</i>, was discriminatively reserved for the + equivalent, to compel. She was a well-educated woman, and had associated + with the good society of London in her youth; and she always complained + of the want of taste and judgment shown by the younger generation, in + pronouncing the same word, with two distinct meanings, alike in both + cases.</p> + + <p class="author">E. C. G. + + <p><i>Eulenspiegel</i> (Vol. vii., p. 557.).—The German verses + under <span class="sc">Mr. Campkin's</span> portrait of Eulenspiegel, + rendered into English prose, mean:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Look here at Eulenspiegel: his portrait makes thee laugh.</p> + <p>What wouldst thou do, if thou couldst see the jester himself?</p> + <p>But Till is a picture and mirror of this world.</p> + <p>He left many a brother behind. We are great fools</p> + <p>In thinking that we are the greatest sages:</p> + <p>Therefore laugh at thyself, as this sheet represents thyself."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>From the orthography, I do not think that the lines are much anterior + to the beginning of the eighteenth century. The names of the artist will + be the safest guides for discovering the date of the print.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">α</span>. +<!-- Page 610 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page610"></a>{610}</span> + + <p>"<i>Wanderings of Memory</i>" (Vol. vii., p. 527.).—The author + of <i>Wanderings of Memory</i>, published by subscription at Lincoln in + 1815, 12mo. pp. 151., was a young man "in his apprenticeship," of the + name of A. G. Jewitt. He dedicates the book to his father, Mr. Arthur + Jewitt, Kimberworth School, Yorkshire. Nearly the whole of the + embellishments were engraved by a younger brother of the author, "who at + the time had not attained his sixteenth year, and who had not the + opportunity of profiting by any regular instructions."</p> + + <p>There are some good lines in the poem, but not enough to rescue it + from that fate which poetical mediocrity is irreversibly doomed to.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The reputation which Mr. Finlay has acquired by his <i>History of + Greece</i>, and his <i>Greece under the Romans</i>, will unquestionably + be increased by his newly published <i>History of the Byzantine Empire + from <span class="sc">dccxvi.</span> to <span + class="sc">mlvii.</span></i> The subject is one of great interest to the + scholar; and the manner in which Mr. Finlay has traced the progress of + the eastern Roman empire through an eventful period of three centuries + and a half, and while doing so enriched his pages with constant reference + to the original historians, has certainly enabled him to accomplish the + object which he has avowedly had in view, namely, that of making his work + serve not only as a popular history, but also as an index for scholars + who may be more familiar with classic literature than with the Byzantine + writers.</p> + + <p>We understand that Her Majesty and Prince Albert, with that + appreciation of the beautiful and the useful for which they are + distinguished, have shown their opinion of the value of photography by + becoming the Patrons of the <i>Photographic Society</i>.</p> + + <p>The <i>Camden Society</i> is about to put to press a work which will + be of great value to our topographical writers, as well as to historians + generally, namely, <i>The Extent of the Estates of the Hospitalers in + England, taken under the direction of Prior Philip de Thame</i>, <span + class="sc">a.d.</span> 1338. The original MS. is at Malta; and though the + transcript of it was made by a most competent hand, we have reason to + believe that our correspondent at La Valetta (W. W.) would be doing good + service both to the Society and to the world of letters, and one which + would be most acceptable to the Transcriber, if he could find it + convenient to revise the proof sheets with the original document.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>—<i>Cyclopĉdia + Bibliographica, a Library Manual of Theological and General + Literature.</i> Part IX. of this useful Library Companion extends from + <i>Göthe</i> to <i>Matthew Henry</i>.—<i>Reynard the Fox, after the + German Version of Göthe, with Illustrations, by J. Wolf.</i> Part VI. + Contains Chap. VI. The Relapse.—Messrs. Longman have added to their + <i>Traveller's Library</i> (in two parts) an interesting and cleverly + written account of our <i>Coal Mines, and those who live in them</i>, + which gives a graphic picture of the places and persons to whom we are + all for so many months indebted for our greatest comfort.—Mr. Bohn + continues his good work of supplying excellent books at moderate prices. + We are this month indebted to him for publishing in his <i>Scientific + Library</i> the third volume of Miss Ross' excellent translation of + Humboldt's <i>Personal Narrative of his Travels to the Equinoctial + Regions of America</i>, which is enriched with a very copious index. In + his <i>Classical Library</i> he has given us <i>Translations of Terence + and Phĉdrus</i>; and in his <i>Antiquarian Library</i>, the second volume + of what, in spite of the laches pointed out by one of our correspondents, + we must pronounce a most useful work for the mere English reader, the + second volume of Mr. Riley's translation of <i>Roger de Hoveden's Annals + of English History</i>, which completes the work. Probably, however, the + volume which Mr. Bohn has just published in his <i>Standard Library</i> + is the one which will excite most interest. It is issued as a + continuation of Coxe's <i>History of the House of Austria</i>, and + consists (for the most part) of a translation of Count Hartig's + <i>Genesis of the Revolution in Austria</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">King on Roman Coins.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Lord Lansdowne's Works.</span> Vol. I. Tonson, + 1736.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">James Baker's Picturesque Guide to the Local Beauties + of Wales.</span> Vol. I. 4to. 1794.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Webster's Dictionary.</span> Vol. II. 4to. 1832.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Walker's Particles.</span> 8vo. old calf, 1683.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Warner's Sermons.</span> 2 Vols. Longman, about + 1818.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Author's Printing and Publishing Assistant.</span> + 12mo., cloth, 1842.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sanders' History of Shenstone in + Staffordshire.</span> J. Nichols, London. 1794. Two Copies.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Lombardi (Petri) Sententiarum</span>, Lib. IV. Any + good edition.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Herbert's Carolina Threnodia.</span> 8vo. 1702.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored.</span> 4to. 1726.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sermons by the Rev. Robert Wake, M.A.</span> 1704, + 1712, &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">History of Ancient Wilts</span>, by <span + class="sc">Sir R. C. Hoare.</span> The last three Parts.</p> + + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p>D. A. A. <i>will find an answer to his Query, "Was St. Patrick ever in + Ireland?" in our</i> 5th Vol. p. 561., <i>from the pen of that + accomplished scholar, the</i> <span class="sc">Rev. Dr. Rock</span>.</p> + + <p><i>We have to apologise to many of our Shakspearian correspondents for + the delay which has taken place in the insertion of their + communications.</i> A. E. B. <i>will perceive that we have complied with + his request in substituting for immediate publication the paper he sent + this week, instead of one by him which has been in type for two or three + weeks.</i></p> + + <p><i>The coincident communications from two correspondents on Falstaff's + death</i>,—<span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span><i>'s valuable + emendation of a passage in</i> Romeo and Juliet,—<i>and</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Blink</span><i>'s and</i> <span class="sc">Mr. + Rawlinson</span><i>'s respective communications, shall have our earliest + attention.</i></p> + + <p><i>We are also compelled to postpone our usual replies to Photographic + Querists.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Merritt</span><i>'s Photographic specimens are + very satisfactory. There can be no doubt that, with perseverance, he will + accomplish everything that can be desired in this useful and pleasing + art.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i> <!-- Page 611 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page611"></a>{611}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p><b>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS</b> of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW + EDITION. Translated from the French.</p> + + <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S + celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's Canson Frères, La Croix, and + other Talbotype Papers.</p> + + <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p> + + <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide + of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the + first in England who published the application of this agent (see + <i>Athenĉum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.) + retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired + for months; it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound + mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and + all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the + Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the + open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best + Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY</b>, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call + the attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the + superiority of his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, + possessing the efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, + with the portability and convenience of the Folding Ditto.</p> + + <p>Every description of Apparatus to order.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for + obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty + seconds, according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES</b>.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER</b>.—Negative and Positive Papers of + Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for + Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of + Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL +LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared; at the last in January, 1852, the sum + of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying + with the different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid + during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per + cent. on the Sum Assured.</p> + + <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders + being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the + benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK + OF PARTNERSHIP.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the + next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later + Assurers.</p> + + <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need + be paid for the first five years.</p> + + <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p> + + <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies + are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p> + + <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the + Society's Agents, or of</p> + + <p class="author">GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + + <p class="address"><i>99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY</b>, 2. Royal Exchange + Buildings, London.</p> + + <p>Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>Trustees.</i></p> + <p>Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds.</p> + <p>The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House.</p> + <p>John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. + the Mutual System without its risks or liabilities; the Proprietary, with + its security, simplicity, and economy; the Accumulative System, + introduced by this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a + deposit bank; Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, + embracing by one policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an + Endowment, and a Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate + Assurances. Bonus recently declared, 20 per Cent.</p> + + <p>EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>SPECTACLES</b>.—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as + a Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's + Optometer, in the selection of spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited + at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are + so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the + surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely + removed; and a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power + and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the + various sizes on application to</p> + + <p>WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH</b>, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. + Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</b></p> + + <p>3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,</p> + + <p><b>RESPECTFULLY</b> informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, + that he replies immediately to all applications by letter, for + information respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, + COMMUNION LINEN. &c., &c., supplying full information as to + Prices, together with Sketches, Estimates, Patterns of Materials, + &c., &c.</p> + + <p>Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct + communications by Post as the most economical and satisfactory + arrangement. PARCELS delivered Free by Railway. <!-- Page 612 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page612"></a>{612}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, in 8vo. pp. 542, +price 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p><b>HISTORY OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE</b>, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By + GEORGE FINLAY, ESQ., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of + Literature.</p> + + <p>WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.</p> + + <p>Who have lately published, by the same Author,</p> + + <p>GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: A Historical View of the Greek Nation, from + the time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman + Empire in the East, <span class="sc">b.c.</span> 146—<span + class="sc">a.d.</span> 717. 8vo., pp. 554, price 16<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest + by the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204—1461. 8vo. pp. + 520, price 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, in 8vo., price 16s.,</p> + + <p><b>DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN AND CONNECTION OF THE GOSPELS</b>; With + a SYNOPSIS of the PARALLEL PASSAGES in the ORIGINAL and AUTHORISED + VERSION, and CRITICAL NOTES. By JAMES SMITH, Esq., of Jordanhill, F.R.S., + &c., Author of the "Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul."</p> + + <p>WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p><b>NEUROTONICS</b>, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull Newspaper, + June 5, 1852.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28<i>s.</i> +cloth) of</p> + + <p><b>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND</b> and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD + FOSS, F.S.A.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Volume Three, 1272-1377.</p> + <p>Volume Four, 1377-1485.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Lately published, price 28<i>s.</i> cloth,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Volume One, 1066-1199.</p> + <p>Volume Two, 1199-1272.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore + take its stand in the permanent literature of our + country."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p> + + <p>London: LONGMAN & CO.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL</b>.—ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.</p> + + <p>The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, + to Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four + o'clock, under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long + been connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to + the Institution.</p> + + <p>A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SINGER ON SHAKSPEARE.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, 8vo., 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, THE</p> + + <p>TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE VINDICATED from the Interpolations and Corruptions + advocated by JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. in his Notes and Emendations. By + SAMUEL WELLER SINGER.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"To blot old books and alter their contents."—<i>Rape of Lucrece.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Also, preparing for immediate Publication, in Ten Volumes, fcap. 8vo., + to appear monthly, The Dramatic Works of WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the text + completely revised, with Notes, and various Readings. By SAMUEL WELLER + SINGER.</p> + + <p>WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.</p> + + <p><b>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</b></p> + + <p>(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)</p> + + <p>Of Saturday, June 11, contains Articles on</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>American plants</p> + <p>Aphelexis</p> + <p>Azaleas, hardy</p> + <p>Apples, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters</p> + <p>Beer, to make</p> + <p>Boilers, incrusted</p> + <p>Books noticed</p> + <p>Botanical gardens</p> + <p>Calendar, horticultural</p> + <p>——, agricultural</p> + <p>Cartridge, Norton's</p> + <p>Chiswick exhibitions</p> + <p>Cinerarias, to grow</p> + <p>Dobson's (Mr.) nursery</p> + <p>Estates, management of</p> + <p>Fences, holly</p> + <p>Forests, crown</p> + <p>Fruits, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters</p> + <p>Gardens, botanical</p> + <p>Gutta percha tubing, to mend, by Mr. Cuthill</p> + <p>Heating incrusted boilers</p> + <p>Holly fences</p> + <p>Leases and printed regulations</p> + <p>Lilium giganteum, by Mr. Cunningham</p> + <p>Norton's cartridge</p> + <p>Pasture, worn out, by Mr. Dyer</p> + <p>Pleuro-pneumonia</p> + <p>Potato-drying <i>v.</i> disease</p> + <p>Rhododendrons</p> + <p>Rhubarb, red</p> + <p>—— wine</p> + <p>Rothamsted and Kilwhiss experiments, by Mr. Russell</p> + <p>Royal Botanical Gardens</p> + <p>Sheep, breeds of, by Mr. Spittal</p> + <p>——, keeping of</p> + <p>Shows, reports of the Nottingham Tulip, Exeter Poultry</p> + <p>Societies, proceedings of the Caledonian Horticultural,</p> + <p class="i2">Agricultural of England, Bath Agricultural</p> + <p>Straw, properties of</p> + <p>Sun, rings about</p> + <p>Tenant right</p> + <p>Turnip seed, raising of, by Mr. Thallon</p> + <p>Vine, disease</p> + <p>Waterer's (Messrs.) nurseries</p> + <p>Wine, rhubarb</p> + <p>Winter, effects of</p> + <p>Woods and forests</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + + <p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, + Bark, Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a + condensed account of all the transactions of the week</i>.</p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>HEAL & SON'S</b> ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free + by post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED + different Bedsteads; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and + Quilts. And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of + Bed-room Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to + render their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of + Bed-rooms.</p> + + <p>HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers. 196. Tottenham + Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">8vo., price 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p><b>SOME ACCOUNT</b> of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the + Conquest to the end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous + Illustrations of Existing Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON + TURNER.</p> + + <p>"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has + done for oil-painting—elucidated its history and traced its + progress in England by means of the records of expenses and mandates of + the successive Sovereigns of the realm—Mr. Hudson Turner has now + achieved for Domestic Architecture in this country during the twelfth and + thirteenth centuries."—<i>Architect.</i></p> + + <p>"The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of + the craft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the reader + of the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest details, as + well as the discriminating judgment presiding over the general + arrangement."—<i>Morning Chronicle.</i></p> + + <p>"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few + attempts that have been made in this country to treat this interesting + subject in anything more than a superficial manner.</p> + + <p>"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has + consequently laid before the reader much interesting information. It is a + book that was wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass of + works on Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we have + been deluged.</p> + + <p>"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the + more interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the + antiquary's library."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + + <p>"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the + Squires and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth + centuries, that the leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication + will be found to consist.</p> + + <p>"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with + careful woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings by + Mr. Blore and Mr. Twopeny."—<i>Athenĉum.</i></p> + + <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Literary and Musical Curiosities, the Collection of Richard Clark, + Esq., Gentleman of H.M. Chapels Royal, Author of "An Account of the + National Anthem," &c.</p> + + <p><b>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON</b>, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will + SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Saturday, June + the 25th, the LITERARY AND MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of RICHARD CLARK, ESQ., + including many Works on the History and Theory of Music; Musical Works by + the best composers; the Organ-Book of Dr. John Bull, the original + manuscript; attested copies of the Charter of Westminster Abbey (not + otherwise accessible); prints, pictures, curiosities, musical relics, + some beautiful objects, made from the wood of Caxton's printing-office, + recently demolished; the well-known anvil and hammer of Powell, the + blacksmith, with which was beat the accompaniment to his air, adopted by + Handel, and since called "The Harmonious Blacksmith;" and many other + interesting items. Catalogues will be sent on application; if in the + country, on receipt of four stamps.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, June 18, + 1853.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 190, June +18, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20369-h.htm or 20369-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/6/20369/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 190, June 18, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 15, 2007 [EBook #20369] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{589} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 190.] +Saturday, June 18, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + On the Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits 589 + The Megatherium Americanum in the British Museum 590 + Remunerations of Authors, by Alexander Andrews 591 + Coincident Legends, by Thomas Keightley 591 + Shakespeare Readings, No. VIII. 592 + Shakespeare's Use of the Idiom "No had" and "No hath + not," by S. W. Singer, &c. 593 + + MINOR NOTES:--The Formation of the Woman, + Gen. ii. 21, 22.--Singular Way of showing Displeasure + --The Maids and the Widows--Alison's "Europe"-- + "Bis dat, qui cito dat:" "Sat cito, si sat bene" 593 + + QUERIES:-- + + House-marks 594 + + Minor Queries:--"Seductor Succo"--Anna Lightfoot + --Queries from the "Navorscher"--"Amentium + haud Amantium"--"Hurrah!" and other War-cries + --Kissing Hands at Court--Uniforms of the three + Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II.--Raffaelle's + Sposalizio--"To the Lords of Convention"-- + Richard Candishe, M.P.--Alphabetical Arrangement-- + Saying of Pascal--Irish Characters on the Stage-- + Family of Milton's Widow--Table-moving 595 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Form of Petition, + &c.--Bibliography--Peter Francius and De Wilde-- + Work by Bishop Ken--Eugene Aram's Comparative + Lexicon--Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan--Coins of + Europe--General Benedict Arnold 596 + + REPLIES:-- + + Parish Registers: Right of Search, by G. Brindley Acworth 598 + The Honourable Miss E. St. Leger, a Freemason, by + Henry H. Breen 598 + Weather Rules, by John Booker, &c. 599 + Scotchmen in Poland, by Richard John King 600 + Mr. Justice Newton 600 + The Marriage Ring 601 + Canada, &c. 602 + Selling a Wife, by William Bates 602 + Enough 603 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Wilkinson's + Mode of levelling Cameras--Collodion Negative-- + Developing Collodion Process--An iodizing Difficulty 604 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Frampton--Parochial + Libraries--Pierrepont--Passage in Orosius + --Pugna Porcorum--Oaken Tombs and Effigies-- + Bowyer Bible--Longevity--Lady Anne Gray--Sir + John Fleming--Life--Family of Kelway--Sir G. + Browne, Bart.--Americanisms, so called--Sir Gilbert + Gerard, &c. 605 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 610 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 610 + Notices to Correspondents 610 + Advertisements 611 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS. + +George Herbert says: + + "The parson exceeds not an hour in preaching, because _all ages_ have + thought that a competency."--_A Priest to the Temple_, p. 28. + +Ferrarius, _De Ritu Concion._, lib. i. c. 34., makes the following +statement: + + "Huic igitur certo ac communi malo (the evil of too long sermons) ut + medicinam facerent, Ecclesiae patres in concionando determinatum dicendi + tempus fereque unius horae spatio conclusum aut ipsi sibi praescribant, + aut ab aliis praefinitum religiose observabant." + +Bingham, commenting on this passage, observes: + + "Ferrarius and some others are very positive that they (their sermons) + were generally an hour long; but Ferrarius is at a loss to tell by what + instrument they measured their hour, for he will not venture to affirm + that they preached, as the old Greek and Roman orators declaimed, by an + hour-glass."--See _Bingham_, vol. iv. p. 582. + +This remark of Bingham's brings me at once to the subject of my present +communication. What evidence exists of the practice of preaching by the +hour-glass, thus treated as improbable, if not ridiculous, by the learned +writer just quoted? If the early Fathers of the church _timed_ their +sermons by any instrument of the kind, we should expect their writings to +contain _internal_ evidence of the fact, just as frequent allusion is made +by Demosthenes and other ancient orators to the klepshydra or water-clock, +by which the time allotted to each speaker was measured. Besides, the close +proximity of such an instrument would be a constant source of metaphorical +allusion on the subject of _time and eternity_. Perhaps those of your +readers who are familiar with the extant sermons of the Greek and Latin +fathers, may be able to supply some illustration on this subject. At all +events there appears to be indisputable evidence of the use of the +hour-glass in the pulpit formerly in this country. {590} + +In an extract from the churchwardens' accounts of the parish of St. Helen, +in Abingdon, Berks, we find the following entry: + + "Anno MDXCI. 34 Eliz. 'Payde for an houre-glasse for the pulpit,' + 4d."--See Hone's _Table-Book_, vol. i. p. 482. + +Among the accounts of Christ Church, St. Catherine's, Aldgate, under the +year 1564, this entry occurs: + + "Paid for an hour-glass that hangeth by the pulpitt when the preacher + doth make a sermon that he may know how the hour passeth + away."--Malcolm's _Londinium_, vol. iii. p. 309., cited Southey's + _Common-Place Book_, 4th Series, p. 471. + +In Fosbrooke (_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) I find the following passage: + + "A stand for an hour-glass still remains in many pulpits. A rector of + Bibury (in Gloucestershire) used to preach two hours, regularly turning + the glass. After the text the esquire of the parish withdrew, smoaked + his pipe, and returned to the blessing." + +The authority for this, which Fosbrooke cites, is Rudder's +_Gloucestershire_, in "Bibury." It is added that lecturers' pulpits have +also hour-glasses The woodcuts in Hawkins's _Music_, ii. 332., are referred +to in support of this statement. I regret that I have no means of +consulting the two last-mentioned authorities. + +In 1681 some poor crazy people at Edinburgh called themselves the Sweet +Singers of Israel. Among other things, they renounced the limiting the +Lord's mind by _glasses_. This is no doubt in allusion to the hour-glass, +which Mr. Water, the editor of the fourth series of Southey's _Common-Place +Book_, informs us is still to be found, or at least its iron frame, in many +churches, adding that the custom of preaching by the hour-glass commenced +about the end of the sixteenth century. I cannot help thinking that an +earlier date must be assigned to this singular practice. (See Southey's +_Common-Place Book_, 4th series, p. 379.) Mr. Water states that one of +these iron frames still exists at Ferring in Sussex. The iron extinguishers +still to be found on the railing opposite large houses in London, are a +similar memorial of an obsolete custom. + +I trust some contributor to the "N. & Q." will be able to supply farther +illustrations of this custom. Should it be revived in our own times, I fear +most parishes would supply only a _half_-hour glass for the pulpit of their +church, however unanimous antiquity may be in favour of sermons of an +hour's duration. One advantage presented by this ancient and precise +practice was, that the squire of the parish knew exactly when it was time +to put out his pipe and return for the blessing, which he cannot ascertain +under the present uncertain and indefinite mode of preaching. Fosbrooke +(_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) states that the priest had sometimes a watch found +for him by the parish. The authority cited for this is the following entry +in the accounts of the Chantrey Wardens of the parish of Shire in Surrey: + + "Received for the priest's watch after he was dead, 13s. + 4d."--Manning's _Surrey_, vol. i. p. 531. + +This entry seems to be rather too vague and obscure to warrant the +inference drawn from it. This also may be susceptible of farther +illustration. + +A. W. S. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +THE MEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. + +Amongst the most interesting specimens of that collection certainly ranges +the skeleton of the above animal of a primaeval world, albeit but a cast; +the real bones, found in Buenos Ayres, being preserved in the Museum of +Madrid. To imagine a sloth of the size of a large bear, somewhat baffles +our imagination; especially if we ponder upon the size of trees on which +such a huge animal must have lived. To have placed near him a nondescript +branch (!!) of a palm, as has been done in the Museum here, is a terrible +mistake. Palms there were none at that period of telluric formation; +besides, no sloth ever could ascend an exogenous tree, as the simple form +of the coma of leaves precludes every hope of motion, &c. I never can view +those remnants of a former world, without being forcibly reminded of that +most curious passage in Berosus, which I cite from memory: + + "There was a flood raging then over parts of the world.... There were + to be seen, however, on the walls of the temple of Belus, + representations of animals, such as inhabited the earth before the + Flood." + +We may thence gather, that although the ancient world did not possess +museums of stuffed animals, yet, the first collection of _Icones_ is +certainly that mentioned by Berosus. I think that it was about the times of +the Crusades, that animals were first rudely preserved (stuffed), whence +the emblems in the coats of arms of the nobility also took their origin. I +have seen a MS. in the British Museum dating from this period, where the +delineation of a bird of the _Picus_ tribe is to be found. Many things +which the Crusaders saw in Egypt and Syria were so striking and new to +them, that they thought of means of preserving them as mementoes for +themselves and friends. The above date, I think, will be an addition to the +history of collections of natural history: a work wanting yet in the vast +domain of modern literature. + +A FOREIGN SURGEON. + +Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury Square. + + * * * * * {591} + + +REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS. + +In that varied and interesting of antiquarian and literary curiosities, "N. +& Q.," perhaps a collection of the prices paid by booksellers and +publishers for works of interest and to authors of celebrity might find a +corner. As a first contribution towards such a collection, if approved of, +I send some Notes made some years ago, with the authorities from which I +copied them. With regard to those cited on the authority of "R. Chambers," +I cannot now say from which of Messrs. Chambers's publications I extracted +them, but fancy it might have been the _Cyclopaedia of English Literature_. +To any one disposed to swell the list of the remunerations of authors, I +would suggest that Disraeli's _Curiosities of Literature_, Boswell's _Life +of Johnson_, Johnson's _Lives of the Poets_ and other works of every-day +handling, would no doubt furnish many facts; but all my books being in the +country, I have no means of searching, and therefore send my Notes in the +fragmentary state in which I find them:-- + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Title of Work. | Author. | Publisher. | Price. | Authority. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Gulliver's Travels | Dean Swift | Molte | 300l. |Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Tom Jones | H. Fielding | Miller | 600l. | Ditto. + | | | and 100l. | + | | | after | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Amelia | Ditto | Ditto | 1000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of England | Dr. Smollett| | 2000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Memoirs of Richard | | | | + Cumberland | Himself | Lackington | 500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Vicar of Wakefield |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | 50l. | Dr. Johnson. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Selections of | | | | + English Poetry | Ditto | | 200l. | Lee Lewis. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Deserted Village | Ditto | | 100l. | Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Rasselas | Dr. Johnson | | 100l. | + | | | and 24l. | Ditto + | | | after | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Traveller |Dr. Goldsmith|Newberry | 21l. | Wm. Irving +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Old English Baron | Clara Reeve | Dilly | | + | | (Poultry) | 10l. |Sir W. Scott. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Mysteries of | | Geo. | | +Udolpho |Ann Radcliffe| Robinson |500l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Italian | Ditto | |800l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Mount Henneth | Robert Bage | Lowndes |30l. | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Translation of | | Jacob | | + Ovid | John Dryden | Tonson |52l. 10s. |R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto of | | |1200l. | + Virgil | Ditto | Ditto |and | Ditto + | | |subscriptions| +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Fables and Ode | | | | + for St. Cecilia's | Ditto | Ditto | 250 guineas | Ditto + Day | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Paradise Lost | John Milton |Sam. Symmons|5l., 5l. 2nd | + | | |edit., and |Sir W. Scott. + | | |8l. | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Translation of | Alexander | | | + the Iliad | Pope | | 1200l. | R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto of the | | | | + Odyssey (half) | Ditto | | 600l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (remainder) | Ditto | Browne | 500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (ditto) | Ditto | Featon | 300l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Beggar's Opera | | | | + (1st part) | John Gay | | 400l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto (2nd part) | Ditto | |1100l. or | + | | |1200l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Three abridged | | | | + Histories of |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | About 800l. | Ditto. + England | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of | | | | + Animated Nature | Ditto | Ditto | 850l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Lives of the Poets | Dr. Johnson | | 210l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Evelina | Miss Burney | | 5l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of England | | | | + during the Reign | David Hume | | 200l. | + of the Stuarts | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto ditto | | | | + (remainder) | Ditto | | 5000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of Scotland| Robertson | | 600l | Creech. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +History of Charles | | | | + V. | Ditto | | 4500l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Decline and Fall | | | | + of the Roman | Gibbon | | 6000l. |R. Chambers. + Empire | | | | +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Sermons (1st part) | Blair | | 200l. | Creech +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto | Tillotson | | 2500 guineas| R. Chambers +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Childe Harold | | | | + (4th canto) | Lord Byron | | 2100l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Poetical Works | | | | + (whole) | Ditto | | 15,000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Lay of the | | | | + Last Minstrel |Sir W. Scott | Constable | 600l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Marmion | Ditto | Ditto | 1050l. | Miss Seward. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Pleasures of | Thos. | | | + Hope | Campbell | Mundell | 1050l. | R. Chambers. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Gertrude of | | | | + Wyoming | Ditto | Ditto |1500 guineas | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Poems | Crabbe | Murray | 3000l. | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Irish Melodies | Thomas Moore| |500l. a year | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Spelling Book | Vyse | | 2200l. and | + | | | 50l. a year | Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Philosophy of | | |1050l., 1st | + Natural History | Smellie | |edition and | + | | |50l. each | + | | |after | Ditto +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Various | | | | + (aggregate) | Goethe | |30,000 crowns| Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- +Ditto (ditto) |Chateaubriand| |500,000 francs| Ditto. +-------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+------------- + +I perfectly agree with the suggestion of one of your correspondents, that, +in a publication like yours, dealing with historic facts, the +communications should not be anonymous, or made under _noms de guerre_. I +therefore drop the initials with which I have signed previous +communications, and append my name as suggested. + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + + * * * * * + + +COINCIDENT LEGENDS. + +In the Scandinavian portion of the _Fairy Mythology_, there is a legend of +a farmer cheating a Troll in an argument respecting the crops that were to +be grown on the hill within which the latter resided. It is there observed +that Rabelais tells the same story of a farmer and the Devil. I think there +can be no doubt that these are not independent fictions, but that the +legend is a transmitted one, the Scandinavian being the original, brought +with them perhaps by the Normans. {592} But what are we to say to the +actual fact of the same legend being found in the valleys of Afghanistan? + +Masson, in his _Narrative_, &c. (iii. 297.), when speaking of the Tajiks of +Lughman, says,-- + + "They have the following amusing story: In times of yore, ere the + natives were acquainted with the arts of husbandry, the Shaitan, or + Devil, appeared amongst them, and, winning their confidence, + recommended them to sow their lands. They consented, it being farther + agreed that the Devil was to be a _sherik_, or partner, with them. The + lands were accordingly sown with turnips, carrots, beet, onions, and + such vegetables whose value consists in the roots. When the crops were + mature the Shaitan appeared, and generously asked the assembled + agriculturists if they would receive for their share what was above + ground or what was below. Admiring the vivid green hue of the tops, + they unanimously replied that they would accept what was above ground. + They were directed to remove their portion, when the Devil and his + attendants dug up the roots and carried them away. The next year he + again came and entered into partnership. The lands were now sown with + wheat and other grains, whose value lies in their seed-spikes. In due + time, as the crops had ripened, he convened the husbandmen, putting the + same question to them as he did the preceding year. Resolved not to be + deceived as before, they chose for their share what was below ground; + on which the Devil immediately set to work and collected the harvest, + leaving them to dig up the worthless roots. Having experienced that + they were not a match for the Devil, they grew weary of his friendship; + and it fortunately turned out that, on departing with his wheat, he + took the road from Lughman to Barikab, which is proverbially intricate, + and where he lost his road, and has never been heard of or seen since." + +Surely here is simple coincidence, for there could scarcely ever have been +any communication between such distant regions in remote times, and the +legend has hardly been carried to Afghanistan by Europeans. There is, as +will be observed, a difference in the character of the legends. In the +Oriental one it is the Devil who outwits the peasants. This perhaps arises +from the higher character of the Shaitan (the ancient Akriman) than that of +the Troll or the mediaeval Devil. + +THOS. KEIGHTLEY. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VIII. + +I have to announce the detection of an important misprint, which completely +restores sense, point, and antithesis to a sorely tormented passage in +_King Lear_; and which proves at the same time that the corrector of MR. +COLLIER'S folio, in this instance at least, is undeniably in error. Here, +as elsewhere (whether by anticipation or imitation I shall not take upon me +to decide), he has fallen into just the same mistake as the rest of the +commentators: indeed it is startling to observe how regularly he suspects +every passage that they have suspected, and how invariably he treats them +in the same spirit of emendation (some places of course excepted, where his +courage soars far beyond theirs; such as the memorable "curds and cream," +"on a table of green frieze," &c.). + +I say that the error of "the old corrector," in this instance, is +_undeniable_, because the misprint I am about to expose, like the +egg-problem of Columbus, when once shown, demonstrates itself: so that any +attempt to support it by argument would be absurd, because superfluous. + +There are two verbs, one in every-day use, the other obsolete, which, +although of nearly opposite significations, and of very dissimilar sound, +nevertheless differ only in the mutual exchange of place in two letters: +these verbs are _secure_ and _r_ecu_s_e; the first implying _assurance_, +the second _want of assurance_, or refusal. Hence any sentence would +receive an opposite meaning from one of these verbs to what it would from +the other. + +Let us now refer to the opening scene of the Fourth Act of _King Lear_, +where the old man offers his services to Gloster, who has been deprived of +his eyes: + + "_Old Man._ You cannot see your way. + + _Gloster._ I have no way, and therefore want no eyes; + I stumbled when I saw: full oft 'tis seen + Our means _secure_ us, and our mere defects + Prove our commodities." + +Here one would suppose that the obvious opposition between _means_ and +_defects_ would have preserved these words from being tampered with; and +that, on the other hand, the _absence_ of opposition between _secure_ and +_commodious_ would have directed attention to the real error. But, no: all +the worretting has been about _means_; and this unfortunate word has been +twisted in all manner of ways, until finally "the old corrector" informs us +that "the printer read _wants_ 'means,' and hence the blunder!" + +Now, mark the perfect antithesis the passage receives from the change of +_secure_ into _recuse_: + + "Full oft 'tis seen + Our means recuse us, and our mere defects + Prove our commodities." + +I trust I may be left in the quiet possession of whatever merit is due to +this restoration. Some other of my humble _auxilia_ have, before now, been +coolly appropriated, with the most innocent air possible, without the +slightest acknowledgment. One instance is afforded in MR. KEIGHTLEY'S +communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 136., where that gentleman not +only repeats the explanation I had previously given of the same passage, +but even does me the honour of requoting the same line of Shakspeare with +which I had supported it. + +I did not think it worth noticing at the time, nor should I now, were it +not that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S {593} confidence in the negligence or want of +recollection in your readers seems not have been wholly misplaced, if we +may judge from MR. ARROWSMITH's admiring foot-note in last Number of "N. & +Q.," p. 568. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKESPEARE'S USE OF THE IDIOM "NO HAD" AND "NO HATH NOT." + +(Vol. vii., p. 520.) + +We are under great obligations to the REV. MR. ARROWSMITH for his very +interesting illustration of several misunderstood archaisms; and it may not +be unacceptable to him if I call his attention to what seems to me a +farther illustration of the above singular idiom, from Shakspeare himself. + +In _As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 3., where Rosalind has been banished by the +Duke her uncle, we have the following dialogue between Celia and her +cousin: + + "_Cel._ O my poor Rosalind! whither wilt thou go? + Wilt thou change fathers? I will give thee mine. + I charge thee, be not thou more grieved than I am. + + _Ros._ I have more cause. + + _Cel._ Thou hast not, cousin: + Pr'ythee be cheerful: know'st thou not, the duke + Hath banish'd me, his daughter? + + _Ros._ That he hath not. + + _Cel._ _No hath not?_ Rosalind lacks, then, the love + Which teacheth thee that thou and I _are_ one. + Shall we be sunder'd," &c. + +From wrong pointing, and ignorance of the idiomatic structure, the passage +has hitherto been misunderstood; and Warburton proposed to read, "Which +teacheth _me_," but was fortunately opposed by Johnson, although _he_ did +not clearly understand the passage. I have ventured to change _am_ to +_are_, for I cannot conceive that Shakspeare wrote, "that thou and I _am_ +one!" It is with some hesitation that I make this trifling innovation on +the old text, although we have, a few lines lower, the more serious +misprint of _your change_ for _the charge_. I presume that the abbreviated +form of _the = y^e_ was taken for for _y^r_, and the _r_ in _charge_ +mistaken for _n_; and in the former case of _am_ for _are_, indistinctness +in old writing, and especially in such a hand as, it appears from his +autograph, our great poet wrote, would readily lead to such mistakes. That +the correction was left to the printer of the first folio, I am fully +persuaded; yet, in comparison with the second folio, it is a correct book, +notwithstanding all its faults. That it was customary for men who were +otherwise busied, as we may suppose Heminge and Condell to have been, to +leave the correction entirely to the printer, is certain; for an +acquaintance of Shakspeare's, Resolute John Florio, distinctly shows that +it was the case. We have this pithy brief Preface to the second edition of +his translation of Montaigne: + + "_To the Reader._ + + "Enough, if not too much, hath beene said of this translation. If the + faults found even by myselfe in the first impression, be now by the + printer corrected, as he was directed, the work is much amended: if + not, know that through mine attendance on her Majesty, I could not + intend it; and blame not Neptune for my second shipwracke. Let me + conclude with this worthy man's daughter of alliance: 'Que t'ensemble + donc lecteur?' + + _Still Resolute_ JOHN FLORIO." + +S. W. SINGER. + +Mickleham. + +_Shakspeare_ (Vol. vii., p. 521.).--May I ask whether there is any +precedent (I think there can be no excuse) for calling Shakspeare's plays +"our national Bible"? + +A CLERGYMAN. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The Formation of the Woman_, Gen. ii. 21, 22.--The terms of Matthew Henry +on this subject, in his learned _Commentary_, have become quite commonplace +with divines, when speaking of the ordinance of marriage: + + "The woman was made of a rib out of the side of Adam: not made out of + his head, to top him; nor out of his feet, to be trampled upon by him; + but out of his side, to be equal with him; under his arm, to be + protected; and near his heart, to be beloved." + +Like many other things in his Exposition, this is not original with Henry. +It is here traced to the _Speculum Humanae Salvationis_ of the earliest and +rarest printed works. Some of your readers can probably trace it to the +Fathers. The verses which follow are engraven in block characters in the +first edition of the work named, and are copied from the fifth plate of +specimens of early typography in Meerman's _Origines Typographicae_: Hague, +MDCCLXV.: + + "Mulier autem in paradiso est formata + De costis viri dormientis est parata + Deus autem ipsam super virum honestavit + Quoniam Evam in loco voluptatis plasmavit, + Non facit eam sicut virum de limo terrae + Sed de osse nobilis viri Adae et de ejus carne. + Non est facta de pede, ne a viro despiceretur + Non de capite ne supra virum dominaretur. + Sed est facta de latere maritali + Et data est viro pro gloria et socia collaterali. + Quae si sibi in honorem collata humiliter praestitisset + Nunquam molestiam a viro unquam sustinuisset." + +O. T. D. + +_Singular Way of showing Displeasure._-- + + "The earl's regiment not long after, according to order, marched to + take possession of the town (Londondery); but at their appearance + before it the citizens clapt up the gates, and denyed them entrance, + {594} declaring their resolution for the king (William III.) and their + own preservation. Tyrconnel at the news of this was said _to have burnt + his wig, as an indication of his displeasure with the townsmen's + proceedings_."--_Life of James II._, p. 290. + +E. H. A. + +_The Maids and the Widows._--The following petition, signed by sixteen +maids of Charleston, South Carolina, was presented to the governor of that +province on March 1, 1733-4, "the day of the feast:" + + "To His Excellency Governor Johnson. + + "The humble Petition of all the Maids whose names are underwritten: + + "Whereas we the humble petitioners are at present in a very melancholy + disposition of mind, considering how all the bachelors are blindly + captivated by widows, and our more youthful charms thereby neglected: + the consequence of this our request is, that your Excellency will for + the future order that no widow shall presume to marry any young man + till the maids are provided for; or else to pay each of them a fine for + satisfaction, for invading our liberties; and likewise a fine to be + laid on all such bachelors as shall be married to widows. The great + disadvantage it is to us maids, is, that the widows, by their forward + carriages, do snap up the young men; and have the vanity to think their + merits beyond ours, which is a great imposition upon us who ought to + have the preference. + + "This is humbly recommended to your Excellency's consideration, and + hope you will prevent any farther insults. + + "And we poor Maids as in duty bound will ever pray. + + "P.S.--I, being the oldest Maid, and therefore most concerned, do think + it proper to be the messenger to your Excellency in behalf of my fellow + subscribers." + +UNEDA. + +_Alison's "Europe."_--In a note to Sir A. Alison's _Europe_, vol. ix. p. +397., 12mo., enforcing the opinion that the prime movers in all revolutions +are not men of high moral or intellectual qualities, he quotes, as from +"Sallust _de Bello Cat._," + + "In _turbis atque seditionibus_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et + quies bonis artibus _aluntur_." + +No such words, however, are to be found in Sallust: but the correct +expression is in Tacitus (_Hist._, iv. 1.): + + "Quippe in _turbas et discordias_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et + quies bonis artibus _indigent_." + +Sir A. Alison quotes, in the same note, as from Thucydides (l. iii. c. +39.), the following: + + "In the contests of the Greek commonwealth, those who were esteemed the + most depraved, and had the least foresight, invariably prevailed; for + being conscious of this weakness, and dreading to be overreached by + those of greater penetration, they went to work hastily with the sword + and poniard, and thereby got the better of their antagonists, who where + occupied with more refined schemes." + +This paragraph is certainly not in the place mentioned; nor can I find it +after a diligent search through Thucydides. Will Sir A. Alison, or any of +his Oxford friends, be good enough to point out the author, and indicate +where such a passage is really to be found? + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +_"Bis dat, qui cito dat"_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--_"Sat cito, si sat +bene."_--The first of these proverbs reminded me of the second, which was a +favourite maxim of Lord Chancellor Eldon. (See _The Life of Lord Chancellor +Eldon_, vol. i. p. 48.) I notice it for the purpose of showing that Lord +Eldon followed (perhaps unconsciously) the example of Augustus, and that +the motto is as old as the time of the first Roman emperor, if it is not of +more remote origin. The following is an extract from the Life of Augustus, +Sueton., chap. XXV.: + + "Nil autem minus in imperfecto duce, quam festinationem temeritatemque, + convenire arbitrabatur. Crebro itaque illa jactabat, [Greek: Speude + bradeos]. Et: + + '[Greek: asphales gar est' ameinon e thrasus stratelates].' + + Et, 'Sat celeriter fieri, quicquid fiat satis bene.'" + +Perhaps T. H. can give us the origin of these Greek and Latin maxims, as he +has of "Bis dat, qui cito dat" (Vol. i., p. 330). + +F. W. J. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +HOUSE-MARKS. + +Are there traces in England of what the people of Germany, on the shores of +the Baltic, call _Hausmaerke_, and what in Denmark and Norway is called +_bolmaerke_, _bomaerke_? These are certain figures, generally composed of +straight lines, and imitating the shape of the cross or the runes, +especially the so-called compound runes. They are meant to mark all sorts +of property and chattels, dead and alive, movable and immovable, and are +drawn out, or burnt into, quite inartistically, without any attempt of +colouring or sculpturing. So, for instance, every freeholder in Praust, a +German village near Dantzic, has his own mark on all his property, by which +he recognises it. They are met with on buildings, generally over the door, +or on the gable-end, more frequently on tombstones, or on epitaphs in +churches, on pews and old screens, and implements, cattle, and on all sorts +of documents, where the common people now use three crosses. + +The custom is first mentioned in the old Swedish law of the thirteenth +century (Uplandslagh, _Corp. Jur. Sveo-Goth._, iii. p. 254.), and occurs +almost at the same period in the seals of the citizens of the Hanse-town +Lubeck. It has been in common use {595} in Norway, Iceland, Denmark, +Sleswick, Holstein, Hamburgh, Lubeck, Mecklenburgh, and Pomerania, but is +at present rapidly disappearing. Yet, in Holstein they still mark the +cattle grazing on the common with the signs of their respective +proprietors; they do the same with the haystacks in Mecklenburgh, and the +fishing-tackle on the small islands of the Baltic. In the city of Dantzic +these marks still occur in the prayer-books which are left in the churches. + +There are scarcely any traces of this custom in the south of Germany, +except that the various towers of the city-wall of Nurnberg are said to +bear their separate marks; and that an apothecary of Strasburg, Merkwiller, +signs a document, dated 1521, with his name, his coat of arms, and a simple +mark. + +Professor Homeyer has lately read, before the Royal Academy of Berlin, a +very learned paper on the subject, and has explained this ancient custom as +significant of popular law, possibly intimating the close connexion between +the property and its owner. I am sorry not to be able to copy out the +Professor's collection of runic marks; but I trust that the preceding lines +will be sufficient in order to elicit the various traces of a similar +custom still prevalent, or remembered, in the British isles; an account of +which will be thankfully received at Berlin, where they have lately been +informed, that even the eyder-geese on the Shetlands are distinguished by +the marks of their owners. + +[alpha]. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_"Seductor Succo."_--Will any of your readers oblige me by giving me either +a literal or poetical translation of the following lines, taken from +Foulis, _Rom. Treasons_, Preface, p. 28., 1681? + + "Seductor Succo, Gallo Sicarius; Anglo Proditor; Imperio Explorator; + Davus Ibero; Italo Adulator; dixi teres ore,--Suitam." + +CLERICUS (D). + +_Anna Lightfoot._--T. H. H. would be obliged by any particulars relating to +Anna Lightfoot, the left-handed wife of George III. It has been stated that +she had but one son, who died at an early age; but a report circulates in +some channels, that she had also a daughter, married to a wealthy +manufacturer in a midland town. It is particularly desired to know in what +year, and under what circumstances, Anna Lightfoot died. + +_Queries from the "Navorscher."_--Did Addison, Steele, or Swift write the +"Choice of Hercules" in the _Tatler_? + +Was Dr. Hawkesworth, or, if not, who was, the author of "Religion the +Foundation of Content," an allegory in the _Adventurer_? + +In what years were born C. C. Colton, Pinnock, Washington Irving, George +Long, F. B. Head; and when died those of them who are no longer among us? + +Who wrote "Journal of a poor Vicar," "Story of Catherine of Russia," +"Volney Becker," and the "Soldier's Wife," in Chamber's _Miscellany_? + +Did Luther write drinking-songs? If so, where are they to be met with? + +_"Amentium haud Amantium."_--I should be glad to ascertain, and perhaps it +may be interesting to classical scholars generally to know, if any of your +correspondents or readers can suggest an English translation for the phrase +"amentium haud amantium" (in the first act of the _Andria_ of Terence), +which shall represent the alliteration of the original. The publication of +this Query may probably elicit the desired information. + +FIDUS INTERPRES. + +Dublin. + +_"Hurrah!" and other War-cries._--When was the exclamation "Hurrah!" first +used by Englishmen, and what was the war-cry before its introduction? Was +it ever used separately from, or always in conjunction with "H.E.P.! +H.E.P.?" Was "Huzza!" contemporaneous? What are the known war-shouts of +other European or Eastern nations, ancient or modern? + +CAPE. + +_Kissing Hands at Court._--When was the kissing of hands at court first +observed? + +CAPE. + +_Uniforms of the three Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II._--Being +very desirous to know where well authenticated pictures of officers in the +regimentals of the Foot Guards during the reign of Charles II. may be seen, +or are, I shall be greatly obliged to any reader of "N & Q." who will +supply the information. I make no doubt there are, in many of the private +collections of this country, several portraits of officers so dressed, +which have descended as heir-looms in families. I subjoin the colonels' +names, and dates of the regiments: + +1st Foot Guards, 1660: Colonel Russell, Henry Duke of Grafton. + +Coldstream Guards, 1650: General Monk. + +3rd Guards, 1660: Earl of Linlithgow. 1670: Earl of Craven. + +D. N. + +_Raffaelle's Sposalizio._--Will DIGITALIS, or any of your numerous +correspondents or readers, do me the favour to say why, in Raffaelle's +celebrated painting "Lo Sposalizio," in the gallery of the Brera at Milan, +Joseph is represented as placing the ring on the third finger of _right_ +hand of the Virgin? + +I noticed the same peculiarity in Ghirlandais's fresco of the "Espousals" +in the church of the Santa Croce at Florence. This I remarked to the +custode, an intelligent old man, who informed {596} me that the connexion +said to exist between the heart and the third finger refers to that finger +of the _right_ hand, and not, as we suppose, to the third finger of the +_left_ hand. He added, that the English are the only nation who place the +ring on the left hand. I do not find that this latter statement is borne +out by what I have seen of the ladies of continental Europe; and I suppose +it was an hallucination in my worthy informant. + +I must leave to better scholars in the Italian language than I am, to say +whether "Lo Sposalizio" means "Betrothal" or "Marriage:" certainly this +latter is the ordinary signification. + +I have a sort of floating idea that I once heard that at the ceremony of +"Betrothal," now, I believe, rarely if ever practised, it was customary to +place the ring on the right hand. I am by no means clear where I gleaned +this notion. + +G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH. + +Brompton. + +_"To the Lords of Convention."_--Where can I find the _whole_ of the ballad +beginning-- + + "To the Lords of Convention 'twas Claverh'se that spoke;" + +and also the name of the author? + +L. EVANS. + +_Richard Candishe, M.P._--Pennant (_Tour in Wales_, vol. ii. p. 48.) prints +the epitaph of "Richard Candishe, Esq., of a good family in Suffolk," who +was M.P. for Denbigh in 1572, as it appears on his monument in Hornsey +Church. Who was this Richard Candishe? The epitaph says he was "derived +from noble parentage;" but the arms on the monument are not those of the +noble House of Cavendish, which sprung from the parish of that name in +Suffolk. The arms of Richard Candishe are given as "three piles wavy gules +in a field argent; the crest, a fox's head erased azure." + +BURIENSIS. + +_Alphabetical Arrangement._--Can any one favour me with a reference to any +work treating of the date of the collection and arrangement in the present +form of the alphabet, either English, Latin, Greek, or Hebrew? or what is +the earliest instance of their being used to represent numerals? + +A. H. C. + +_Saying of Pascal._--In which of his works is Pascal's saying, "I have not +time to write more briefly," to be found; and what are the words in the +original? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Irish Characters on the Stage._--Would any of the contributors to "N. & +Q." oblige me with this information? Who, or how many, of the old English +dramatists introduced Irishmen into their _dramatis personae_? Did Ben +Jonson? Shadwell did. What others? + +PHILOBIBLION. + +_Family of Milton's Widow._--Your correspondent CRANMORE, in his article on +the "Rev. John Paget" ("N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 327.), writes thus: "Dr. +Nathan Paget was an intimate friend of Milton and cousin to the poet's +fourth (no doubt meaning his third) wife, Elizabeth Minshall, of whose +family descent, which appears to be rather obscure, I may at another time +communicate some particulars." + +Now, as more than a year has elapsed since the article referred to appeared +in your valuable columns, without the subject of Elizabeth Minshall's +descent having been farther noticed, I hope your correspondent will pardon +my soliciting him to supply the information he possesses relative thereto, +which cannot fail proving interesting to every admirer of our great poet. + +V. M. + +_Table-moving._--Was not Bacon acquainted with this phenomenon? I find in +his _Sylva Sylvarum_, art. MOTION: + + "Whenever a solid is pressed, there is an inward tumult of the parts + thereof, tending to deliver themselves from the compression: and this + is the _cause_ of all violent motion. It is very strange that this + motion has never been observed and inquired into; as being the most + common and chief origin of all mechanical operations. + + "This motion operates first in a round by way of proof and trial, which + way to deliver itself, and then in progression where it finds the + deliverance easiest." + +C. K. P. + +Newport, Essex. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Form of Petition, &c._--May I request the insertion of a Query, requesting +some of your readers to supply the _ellipsis_ in the form with which +petitions to Parliament are required to be closed, viz.: "And your +petitioners will ever pray, &c." To me, I confess, there appears to be +something like impiety in its use in its present unmeaning state. Would a +petition be rendered informal by any addition which would make it more +comprehensible? + +C. W. B. + + [The ellipsis appears to have varied according to circumstances: hence + we find, in an original petition addressed to the Privy Council + (apparently temp. Jac. I.), the concluding formula given at length + thus:--"And yo^r sup^{lt}, as in all dutie bounden, shall daylie pray + for your good L^{ps}." Another petition, presented to Charles I. at + Newark, A.D. 1641, closes thus: "And your petitioners will ever pray + for your Majesty's long and happy reign over us." Another, from the + Mayor and Aldermen of London, in the same year: "And the petitioners, + as in all duty bound, shall pray for your Majesty's most long and happy + reign." Again, in the same year, the petition of the Lay-Catholic + Recusants of England to the Commons closes thus: "And for so great a + charity your humble petitioners {597} shall ever (as in duty bound) + pray for your continual prosperity and eternal happiness." We do not + believe that any petition would be rendered informal by such addition + as would make it more comprehensible.] + +_Bibliography._--I am about to publish a brochure entitled _Notes on Books: +with Hints to Readers, Authors, and Publishers_; and as I intend to give a +list of the most useful bibliographical works, I shall feel much obliged to +any one who will furnish me with a list of the various _Printers' +Grammars_, and of such works as the following: _The Author's Printing and +Publishing Assistant; comprising Explanations of the Process of Printing, +Preparation and Calculation of MSS., Paper, Type, Binding, Typographical +Marks, &c._ 12mo., Lond. 1840. I have met with Stower's _Printers' +Grammar_, London, 1808. + +MARICONDA. + + [The following Printers' Grammars may be advantageously consulted; 1. + Hansard's _Typographia; an Historical Sketch of the Origin and Progress + of the Art of Printing_, royal 8vo. 1825. 2. Johnson's _Typographia; or + the Printers' Instructor_, 2 vols. 8vo. 1824. 3. Savage's _Dictionary + of the Art of Printing_, 8vo. 1841, the most useful of this class of + works. 4. Timperley's _Dictionary of Printers and Printing_, royal 8vo. + 1839. Stower also published _The Compositors' and Pressmen's Guide to + the Art of Printing_, royal 12mo. 1808; and _The Printer's Price Book_, + 8vo. 1814.] + +_Peter Francius and De Wilde._--In a little work on my shelf, with the +following title, + + "Petri Francii specimen eloquentiae exterioris ad orationem M. T. + Ciceronis pro A. Licin. Archia accommodatum. Amstelaedami, apud Henr. + Wetstenium M DC XCVII.]," + +occurs the following brief MS. note, after the text of the speech for +Archias: + + "Orationem hanc pro Archia sub Dno Petro Francio memoriter recitavi + Wilhelmus de Wilde in Athenaei auditorio Majore, a.d. xviii kal. + Januarias, a^{ni} 1699." + +The volume is 12mo., containing about 200 pp.; the text of the speech +occupying nearly 42 pp. + +Who was Peter Francius? Did De Wilde ever distinguish himself?" + +D. + + [Peter Francius, a celebrated Greek and Latin poet, was born in 1645 at + Amsterdam, afterwards studied at Leyden, and obtained the degree of + Doctor of Laws at Augers. In 1674, the magistrates of Amsterdam + appointed him Professor of History and Rhetoric, which office he held + till his death in 1704. See _Biographie Universelle_.] + +_Work by Bishop Ken._-- + + "A Crown of Glory the Reward of the Righteous; being Meditations on the + Vicissitude and Uncertainty of all Sublunary Enjoyments. To which is + added, a Manual of Devotions for Times of Trouble and Affliction: also + Meditations and Prayers before, at, and after receiving the Holy + Communion; with some General Rules for our Daily Practice. Composed for + the use of a Noble Family, by the Right Reverend Dr. Thomas Kenn, late + Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. Price 2s. 6d." + +I find the above in a list of "books printed for Arthur, Betterworth, &c.," +at the end of the 7th edition of Horneck's _Crucified Jesus_: London, 1727. +I do not remember to have seen any notice of this work in the recent +biographies of the saintly prelate to whom it is here attributed. + +E. H. A. + + [This work originally appeared under the following title: _The Royal + Sufferer; a Manual of Meditations and Devotions, written for the use of + a Royal though afflicted Family_, by T. K., D. D., 1669, and was + afterwards published with the above title. It has been rejected as + spurious by the Rev. J. T. Round, the editor of _The Prose Works of + Bishop Ken_, l838.] + +_Eugene Aram's Comparative Lexicon._--This talented criminal is said to +have left behind him collections for a dictionary of the Celtic, Hebrew, +Greek, Latin, and English languages, comprising a list of about 3000 words, +which he considered them to possess in common. Was this ever published? and +where are any notices of his works to be found? + +E. S. TAYLOR. + + [The following notice of Eugene Aram's Lexicon occurs in a letter + written by Dr. Samuel Pegge to Dr. Philipps, dated Feb. 18, 1760: "One + Eugene Aram was executed at York last year for a murder. He has done + something, being a scholar and a schoolmaster, towards a Lexicon on a + new plan. Hearing of this, I sent for the pamphlet, which contained + some account of his life, and the specimen of a Lexicon. He goes to the + Celtic, the Irish, and the British languages, as well as others; and + there are things, in the specimen that will amuse a lover of + etymologies." (_Gent. Mag._, 1789, p. 905.) Aram left behind him an + Essay relative to his intended work, from which some extracts are given + in Kippis's _Biographia Britannica_, s.v. The Lexicon does not appear + to have been printed.] + +_Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan._--I should feel obliged through the medium of +"N. & Q.," to be informed of the whereabouts of a locality in Scotland with +the above euphonious name. + +ALPHA. + + [Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan is situated in the island of Mull, and + county of Argyle.] + +_Coins of Europe._--Where can I find the fullest and most accurate tables +showing the relative value of the coins in use in different parts of +Europe? + +ALPHA. + + [Consult Tate's _Manual of Foreign Exchanges_, and the art. COINS in + M^cCulloch's _Dictionary of Commerce_.] + +_General Benedict Arnold._--Can any of the readers of "N.& Q." inform me +where General Arnold is buried? After the failure of his attempt to deliver +up West Point to the English, he escaped, went to England, and never +returned to his native {598} country. I have heard that he died about forty +years ago, near Brompton, England; and would be glad to have the date of +his death, and any inscription which may be on his tomb. + +W. B. R. + +Philadelphia. + + [General Arnold died 14th June, 1801, in the sixty-first year of his + age. His remains were interred on the 21st at Brompton.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +PARISH REGISTERS.--RIGHT OF SEARCH. + +In Vol. iv., p. 473. a Query on this subject is inserted, to which, in Vol. +v., p. 37., MR. CHADWICK replied. + +The question, one of great importance to the genealogist, has recently been +the subject of judicial decision, in the case of Steele _v._ Williams, +reported in the 17th volume of the _Jurist_, p. 464. (the Number for +Saturday, 28th May). + +At the opening of the argument, the Court of Exchequer decided that the +fees, &c. are regulated by the 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 86., "An Act for +registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England," which in the 35th +section enacts-- + + "That every rector, vicar, curate, and every registrar, registering + officer, and secretary, who shall have the keeping, for the time being, + of any register book of births, deaths, or marriages, shall at all + reasonable times allow searches to be made of any register book in his + keeping, and shall give a copy, certified under his hand, of any entry + or entries in the same, on payment of the fee hereinafter mentioned; + that is to say, for every search extending over a period not more than + one year, the sum of 1s., and 6d. additional for every additional year; + and the sum of 2s. 6d. for every single certificate." + +MR. CHADWICK seemed to consider this section only applied to "civil +registration;" but this view is, I apprehend, now quite untenable. + +The case was, whether a parish clerk had a right to charge 2s. 6d., where +the party searching the register did not require "certified copies," but +only made his own extracts; _and it is decided he has no such right_. + +Mr. Baron Parke in his judgment says: + + "I think this payment was not voluntary, because the defendant" [the + parish clerk] "told the plaintiff, that if he did not pay him for + certificates, in all cases in which he wanted to make extracts, he + should not make a search at all. _I think the plaintiff had at all + events a right to make a search, and during that time make himself + master, as he best might, of the contents of the book, and could not be + prevented from so doing by the clerk_ in whose custody they were; who + in the present case insisted that if he wanted copies he must have + certificates with the signature of the incumbent. For the 1s. he paid, + the applicant had a right to look at all the names in one year. He had + no right to remain an unreasonable time looking at the book; nor + perhaps, strictly speaking, was the parish clerk bound to put it into + his hands at all: for the clerk has a right to superintend everything + done, and might fairly say to a man, 'Your hands are dirty: keep them + in your pockets.' The applicant could therefore only exercise his right + of search during a reasonable time, and make extracts that way. _If a + man insists on taking himself a copy of anything in the books, that + case is not provided for by the statute_: but if he requires a copy + certified by the clergyman, then he must pay an additional fee for it. + + "It was consequently _an illegal act_ in the defendant to insist that + the plaintiff should pay 2s. 6d. for each entry in the book, of which + he might choose to make an extract," &c. + +Mr. Baron Martin says: + + "With respect to the statute, counsel (Mr. Robinson) says, because + taking extracts is not mentioned in the statute, it is competent for a + parish clerk to take an extra payment for allowing them to be made. + Where a man is allowed by statute to receive money, it is, as it were, + by virtue of a contract that the statute makes for him, and he cannot + make a contract for a different sum. The defendant here is bound by the + entirety of the statute; _he may be paid for a search_, OR _for a + certified copy_, BUT THERE IS NO INTERMEDIATE COURSE." + +This decision will, I hope, have the effect of removing the difficulties so +often experienced in making searches for genealogical purposes. At all +events, the person making such search can now _safely_ make his own notes, +none daring _lawfully_ to make him afraid. I have to apologise for the +length of this letter. + +G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH. + +12. King's Bench Walk, Temple. + + * * * * * + + +THE HONOURABLE MISS E. ST. LEGER, A FREEMASON. + +(Vol. iv., p. 234.) + +There is an inquiry in Vol. iv., p. 234., as to whether there is any truth +in the story, that the Honourable Miss E. St. Leger was made a freemason; +and as no account of the circumstances has yet appeared in your pages, I +send you the following statement, which has been extracted from _The +Patrician_. Apart from its value as a record of this singular fact, it +contains other particulars which you may deem worthy of preservation in "N. +& Q." + + "The Hon. Elizabeth St. Leger as the only female who was ever initiated + into the ancient and honourable mystery of Freemasonry. How she + obtained this honour we shall lay before our readers, having obtained + the only genuine information from the best sources. + + "Lord Doneraile, Miss St. Leger's father, a very zealous mason, held a + warrant, and occasionally opened Lodge at Doneraile House, his sons and + some intimate friends assisting; and it is said that never were the + masonic duties more rigidly performed than by the brethren of No. 150, + the number of their warrant. + + "It appears that previous to the initiation of a gentleman to the first + steps of masonry, Miss St Leger, {599} who was a young girl, happened + to be in an apartment adjoining the room generally used as a + lodge-room; but whether the young lady was there by design or accident, + we cannot confidently state. This room at the time was undergoing some + alteration: amongst other things, the wall was considerably reduced in + one part, for the purpose of making a saloon. + + "The young lady having heard the voices of the Freemasons, and prompted + by the curiosity natural to all, to see this mystery so long and so + secretly locked up from public view, she had the courage to pick a + brick from the wall with her scissors, and witnessed the ceremony + through the first two steps. Curiosity gratified, fear at once took + possession of her mind; and those who understand this passage, well + know what the feelings of any person must be who could unlawfully + behold that ceremony. Let them then judge what were the feelings of a + young girl, under such extraordinary circumstances. + + "Here was no mode of escape except through the very room where the + concluding part of the second step was still being solemnised; and that + being at the far end, and the room a very large one, she had resolution + sufficient to attempt her escape that way, and with light but trembling + step glided along unobserved, laid her hand on the handle of the door, + and gently opening it, before her stood, to her dismay, a grim and + surly _tiler_, with his long sword unsheathed. A shriek that pierced + through the apartment alarmed the members of the lodge, who all rushing + to the door, and finding that Miss St. Leger had been in the room + during the ceremony, in the first paroxysm of their rage, it is said, + her death was resolved upon; but from the moving and earnest + supplication of her younger brother, her life was spared, on condition + of her going through the two steps of the solemn ceremony she had + unlawfully witnessed. This she consented to do, and they conducted the + beautiful and terrified young lady through those trials which are + sometimes more than enough for masculine resolution, little thinking + they were taking into the bosom of their craft a member that would + afterwards reflect a lustre on the annals of Masonry. + + "Miss St. Leger was directly descended from Sir Robert De St. Leger, + who accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and was of that high + repute that he, with his own hand, supported that prince when he first + went out of his ship to land in Sussex. + + "Miss St. Leger was cousin to General Anthony St. Leger, Governor of + St. Lucia, who instituted the interesting race and the celebrated + Doncaster St. Leger stakes. + + "Miss St. Leger married Richard Aldworth, Esq., of Newmarket, a member + of a highly honourable and ancient family, long celebrated for their + hospitality and other virtues. Whenever a benefit was given at the + theatres in Dublin or Cork for the Masonic Orphan Asylum, she walked at + the head of the Freemasons, with her apron and other insignia of + Freemasonry, and sat in the front row of the stage box. The house was + always crowded on those occasions. + + "The portrait of this estimable woman is in the lodge room of almost + every lodge in Ireland." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +WEATHER RULES. + +(Vol. vii., p. 522.) + +Your correspondent J. A., jun., invites further contributions on the +subject to which he refers. Though by no means infallible, such prognostics +are not without a measure of truth, founded as they are on habits of close +observation: + + 1. "Si sol splendescat Maria Purificante + Major erit glacies post festum quam fuit ante." + +Rendered thus: + + "When on the Purification sun hath shin'd, + The greater part of winter comes behind." + + 2. "If the sun shines on Easter-day, it shines on Whit + Sunday likewise." + +To this I may add the French adage: + + "Quel est Vendredi tel Dimanche." + +From a MS. now in my possession, dating two centuries back, I extract the +following remarks on "Times and Seasons," as not wholly unconnected with +the present subject: + + "Easter-day never falleth lower than the 22nd of March, and never + higher than the 25th of April." + + "Shrove Sunday has its range between the 1st of February and the 7th of + March." + + "Whit Sunday between the 10th of May and the 13th of June." + + "A rule of Shrovetide:--The Tuesday after the second change of the moon + after New Year's-day is always Shrove Tuesday." + +To these I may perhaps be permitted to add certain cautions, derived frown +the same source: + + "The first Monday in April, the day on which Cain was born, and Abel + was slain. + + "The second Monday in August, on which day Sodom and Gomorrah were + destroyed. + + "The 31st of December, on which day Judas was born, who betrayed + Christ. + + "These are dangerous days to begin any business, fall sick, or + undertake any journey." + +We smile at the superstition which thus stamps these several periods as +days of ill omen, especially when we reflect that farther inquiry would +probably place every other day of the week under a like ban, and thus +greatly impede the business of life--Friday, for instance, which, since our +Lord's crucifixion on that day, we are strongly disinclined to make the +starting-point of any new enterprise. + +In many cases this superstition is based on unpleasing associations +connected with the days proscribed. Who can wonder if, in times less +enlightened than our own, undue importance were attached to the strange +coincidence which marked the deaths of Henry VIII. and his posterity. They +all died on a Tuesday; himself on Tuesday, January 28, 1547; Edward VI. on +Tuesday, July 6, {600} 1553; Mary on Tuesday, November 17, 1558; Elizabeth +on Tuesday, March 24, 1603. + +JOHN BOOKER. + +Prestwich. + +It is a saying in Norwich,-- + + "When three daws are seen on St. Peter's vane together, + Then we are sure to have bad weather." + +I think the observation is tolerably correct. + +ANON. + + * * * * * + + +SCOTCHMEN IN POLAND. + +(Vol. vii., p. 475.) + +In the debates about a union with Scotland in 1606, the "multiplicities of +the Scots in Polonia" formed one of the arguments of the opposing party, +who thought that England was likely to be overrun in a similar fashion. +According to Wilson (_Hist. of James I._, p. 34.), the naturalisation of +the Scots-- + + "Was opposed by divers strong and modest arguments. Among which they + brought in the comparison of Abraham and Lot, whose families joining, + they grew to difference, and to those words, 'Vade tu ad dextram, et + ego ad sinistram.' It was answered, That speech brought the captivity + of the one; they having disjoined their strength. The party opposing + said, If we admit them into our liberties, we shall be overrun with + them; as cattle, naturally, pent up by a slight hedge, will over it + into a better soil; and a tree taken from a barren place will thrive to + excessive and exuberant branches in a better,--witness the + _multiplicities of the Scots in Polonia_. + + "To which it was answered, That if they had not means, place, custom, + and employment (not like beasts, but men), they would starve in a + plentiful soil, though they came into it. And what springtide and + confluence of that nation have housed and familied themselves among us, + these four years of the king's reign? And they will never live so + meanly here as they do in Polonia; for they had rather discover their + poverty abroad than at home." + +This last "answerer" was Lord Bacon. In his speech "Of general +Naturalisation" (_Works_, vol. v. p. 52.), he asserts that the +"multiplication of Scots in Polonia" must of necessity be imputed + + "To some special accident of time and place that draws them thither; + for you see plainly before your eyes, that in Germany, which is much + nearer, and in France, where they are invited with privileges, and with + this very privilege of naturalisation, yet no such number can be found; + so as it cannot either be nearness of place, or privilege of person, + that is the cause." + +What these "special accidents" were, it would be interesting to ascertain. +Large bodies of men were levied in Scotland during the latter half of the +sixteenth century, for the service of Sweden, and employed in the Polish +wars. Can these have turned merchants, or induced others to follow them? In +1573, Charles de Mornay brought 5000 Scots to Sweden. In 1576, whilst they +were serving in Livonia, a quarrel broke out between them and a body of +Germans also in the Swedish pay, and 1500 Scots were cut down. (_Geiger_, +ch. xii.) + +I believe MR. CUNNINGHAM will find some notices of Scottish merchants in +Poland in Lithgow's _Travels_, which I have not at present by me. + +RICHARD JOHN KING. + + * * * * * + + +MR. JUSTICE NEWTON. + +(Vol. vii., p. 528.) + +Sir Richard Newton was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1438 to 1444, +and died Dec. 13th, 1444, and was buried in a chapel of Bristol Cathedral. +(Collins's _Baronage_, vol. iii. p. 145.) He assumed the name of Newton, +instead of Caradoc, from Newton in Powysland. (Collinson's _Somersetshire_, +East Harptrie); and, as Camden, p. 60., says, the Newtons "freely own +themselves to be of Welsh extraction, and not long ago to have been called +Caradocks." These Caradocs were descended from the ancient kings of Wales. +Sir Richard Newton was twice married: 1. to a daughter of Newton, of +Crossland; and 2. to Emmett, daughter of John Harvey, of London, according +to a MS. in the British Museum; but, according to Somersetshire and +Gloucestershire Visitations, to Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas Perrott, of +Islington. He had issue by both marriages, and from the second descended +Sir John Newton, who was created a baronet 12 Car. II., and died in 1661. +The baronetcy was limited in remainder, at its creation, to John Newton, of +Hather, in Lincolnshire, and he became the second baronet. There are +several pedigrees tracing the descent from Sir Richard to the first +baronet; but I have not yet seen the descent to the second baronet, though +there can be no doubt that he was also descended from Sir Richard, +otherwise the baronetcy could not have been limited to him; and probably he +was the next male heir of the first baronet, as that is the usual mode of +limiting titles. In the Heralds' College there is a pedigree of Sir Isaac +Newton, signed by himself, in which he traces his descent to the brother of +the ancestor of the second baronet. It should seem, therefore, that Sir +Isaac was himself descended from the Chief Justice. It would confer a great +obligation on the writer if any of your readers could afford any assistance +to clear up the pedigree of the second baronet. + +As to the representatives of Sir Richard, I doubt whether his heir is +discoverable, although there are many descendants now living who trace +their descent through females. + +C. S. G. + + * * * * * {601} + + +THE MARRIAGE RING. + +(Vol. vii., p. 332.) + +I cannot agree with the answer given, under the above reference, to the +question of J. P.: "How did the use of the ring, in the marriage ceremony, +originate?" The answer given is taken from Wheatly's _Rational +Illustration_, &c., and is in substance this:--The ring anciently was a +_seal_, and the delivery of this seal was a sign of confidence; and as a +ceremony in marriage, its signification is, that the wife is admitted to +the husband's counsels. From this argument, and the supposed proofs of it, +I beg to dissent; and I conceive that Wheatly has not thrown any light upon +the origin of this beautiful ceremony. To bear out his view, it would be +necessary to prove that a signet ring had originally been used for the +wedding ring--a matter of no slight difficulty, not to say impossibility. + +What I take to be the real meaning of the ring as a part of the marriage +ceremony, I will now give. It has a far higher meaning in the ceremony, and +a more important duty to perform than merely to signify the admission of +the wife into the counsels of the husband. Its office is to teach her the +duty she owes to her husband, rather than the privilege of admission into +his counsels. The ring is a preacher, to teach her lessons of holy wisdom +referring to her state of life. + +A ring, whenever used by the church, signifies, to use the words of +liturgical writers, "integritatem fidei," the perfection of fidelity, and +is "fidei sacramentum," the badge of fidelity. Its form, having no +beginning and no end, is the emblem of eternity, constancy, integrity, +fidelity, &c.; so that the wedding ring symbolises the eternal or entire +fidelity the wife pledges to her husband, and she wears the ring as the +badge of this fidelity. Its office, then, is to teach and perpetually +remind her of the fidelity she owes to her husband, and swore to him at the +marriage ceremony. + +The wedding ring is to the wife precisely what the episcopal ring is to the +bishop, and _vice versa_. The language used during the ceremony to the one +is very similar to that used to the other, as the object of the ceremony +and use of the ring is the same. A bishop's ring, as we read, signifies +"integritatem fidei," _i. e._ that he should love as himself the church of +God committed to him as his bride. When he receives the ring at his +consecration, the words used are, "Accipe annulum, _fidei scilicet +signaculum_, quatenus sponsam Dei, sanctum videlicet ecclesiam, intemerata +fide ornatus illibate custodias:" (Receive the ring, the badge of fidelity, +to the end that, adorned with inviolable fidelity you may guard without +reproach the spouse of God, that is, His Holy Church). + +Hence the office of the episcopal ring throws light upon the office of the +wedding ring; and there can be no doubt whatever that its real meaning is, +in the latter as in the former case, to signify the _eternal fidelity and +constancy_ that should subsist between the married couple. + +That this is the correct view of the meaning of the wedding ring is farther +confirmed by the prayer used in blessing the ring: "Benedic, Domine, +annulum hunc ... ut quae eum gestaverit, _fidelitatem integram_ suo sponso +tenens, in pace et voluntate tua permaneat, acque in mutua charitate semper +vivat."--_Rituale_, &c. + +CYREP. + + * * * * * + + +CANADA, ETC. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 380. 504.) + +My former Note on the origin of this name suggests a question, which, if +you think it worthy of a place in "N. & Q.," may interest many besides +myself, viz. At what period and by whom was that part of North America +called Canada? + +To the French it appears always to have been known as "La Nouvelle France." +La Hontan, who quitted the country 1690, I think, calls it Canada. Lajitan +certainly does, as well as many other old authors. + +In a map of North America, date 1769, the tract bordering on the St. +Lawrence, lately called Upper and Lower Canada, is designated "The Province +of Quebec;" whilst the region to the northward, lying between it and +Hudson's Bay, has the word Canada in much larger letters, as if a general +name of the whole. That the name is slightly altered from an Indian word is +probable, but not so that it was used by the Indians themselves, who, in +the first place, were not in the habit of imposing general names on large +districts, although they had significant ones for almost every locality; +the former were usually denominated the land of the Iroquois, of the +Hurons, &c., _i. e._ of the people dwelling, on, and in possession of it. +Even allowing that the Indians may have had a general name for the country, +it is very unlikely that one so unmeaning as "Kanata" would have been +imposed upon it by a people whose nomenclature in every other case is so +full of meaning. + +Moreover, although the Mic-macs of Gaspe may have called themselves +Canadians according to Lescarbot, yet we are told by Volney, that-- + + "The Canadian savages call themselves 'Metoktheniakes' (born of the + sun), without allowing themselves to be persuaded of the contrary by + the Black Robes," &c.--Vol. ii. p. 438. + +The following, to the same purpose, is from the _Quarterly Review_, vol. +iv. p. 463.: + + "'Tapoy,' which we understand from good authority to be the generic + appellation by which the North American tribes distinguish themselves + from the whites," &c. + +{602} + +Now I should imagine both Lescarbot and Champlain, knowing nothing of the +language, and probably having very bad interpreters, must have made a great +mistake in supposing the Gaspesiens called themselves Canadians, for I have +questioned several intelligent Mic-Macs on the subject, and they have +invariably told me that they call themselves "Ulnookh" or "Elnouiek," +"_Ninen elnouiek!--We are Men._" But Mic-mac? "O, Mic-mac all same as +Ulnookh." The latter word strictly means Indian-man, and cannot be applied +to a white. Mic-mac is the name of their tribe, and, they insist upon it, +always has been. Again, Kanata is said to be an Iroquois word, and, +consequently, not likely to have been in use amongst a tribe of the Lenape +family, which the Mic-macs are. It does not appear that we have any +authority for supposing the country was ever called Canada by the Indians +themselves. + +It is curious enough that as Canada was said to derive from an exclamation, +"Aca nada!" so the capital has been made to take its name from another; +"Quel bec!" cried one of Champlain's Norman followers, on beholding Cape +Diamond. As in the former case, however, so in this, we have evidence of +more probable sources of the name, which I will enumerate as briefly as +possible. The first, and a very probable one, is the fact, that the strait +between Quebec and St. Levi side of the river, was called in the Algonquin +language "Quebeio," _i. e._ a narrowing,--a most descriptive appellation, +for in ascending the river its breadth suddenly diminishes here from about +two miles to fourteen or fifteen hundred yards from shore to shore. + +The little river St. Charles, which flows into the St. Lawrence on the +northern side of the promontory, is called in the Indian language +(Algonquin?) Kabir or Koubac, significant of its tortuous course, and it is +from this, according to La Potherie, that the city derives its name of +Quebec. + +Mr. Hawkins, in his _Picture of Quebec, &c., 1834_, denies the Indian +origin of the word, since, as he says, there is no analogous sound to it in +any of their languages; and he assumes a Norman origin for it on the +strength of "Bec" being always used by the Normans to designate a +promontory in the first place; and secondly, because the word Quebec is +actually found upon a seal of the Earl of Suffolk, of historical celebrity +temp. Hen. V. and VI., which Mr. Hawkins supposes to have been the name of +some town, castle, or barony in Normandy. + +Such are the pros and cons, upon which I do not presume to offer any +opinion; only I would observe, that if there are no analogous sounds in the +Indian languages, whence come Kennebec and other similar names? + +A. C. M. + +Exeter. + +Surely in the "inscription on a seal (1420), in which the Earl of Suffolk +is styled 'Domin_e_ [?] de Hamburg et de Quebec,'" the last word must be a +misprint for _Lubec_, the sister city of Hamburg. MR. HAWKINS'S etymology +seems to rest on no more substantial foundation than an error of the press +in the work, whichever that may be, from which he quotes. + +JAYDEE. + + * * * * * + + +SELLING A WIFE. + +(Vol. vii., p. 429.) + +The popular idea that a man may legally dispose of his wife, by exposing +her for sale in a public market, may not improbably have arisen from the +correlation of the terms _buying_ and _selling_. Your correspondent V. T. +STERNBERG need not be reminded how almost universal was the custom among +ancient nations of purchasing wives; and he will admit that it appears +natural that the commodity which has been obtained "per aes et libram"--to +use the phrase of the old Roman law touching matrimony--is transferable to +another for a similar consideration, whenever it may have become useless or +disagreeable to its original purchaser. However this may be, the custom is +ancient, and moreover appears to have obtained, to some extent, among the +higher orders of society. Of this an instance may be found in Grimaldi's +_Origines Genealogicae_, pp. 22, 23. (London, 1828, 4to.) The deed, by which +the transaction was sought to be legalised, runs as follows: + + "To all good Christians to whom this writ shall come, John de Camoys, + son and heir of Sir Ralph de Camoys, greeting: Know me to have + delivered, and yielded up of my own free will, to Sir William de + Paynel, Knight, my wife Margaret de Camoys, daughter and heiress of Sir + John de Gatesden; and likewise to have given and granted to the said + Sir William, and to have made over and quit-claimed all goods and + chattels which the said Margaret has or may have, or which I may claim + in her right; so that neither I, nor any one in my name, shall at any + time hereafter be able to claim any right to the said Margaret, or to + her goods and chattels, or their pertinents. And I consent and grant, + and by this writ declare, that the said Margaret shall abide and remain + with the said Sir William during his pleasure. In witness of which I + have placed my seal to this deed, before these witnesses: Thomas de + Depeston, John de Ferrings, William de Icombe, Henry le Biroun, Stephen + Chamberlayne, Walter le Blound, Gilbert de Batecumbe, Robert de Bosco, + and others." + +This matter came under the cognisance of Parliament in 1302, when the grant +was pronounced to be invalid. + +Now, we may fondly believe that this transaction, which occurred five +hundred and fifty years ago, was characteristic alone of that dark and +distant period, and that no parallel can be found in modern {603} times (at +least in a decent class of society, and recognised by legal sanction) to +justify the lively French dramatists in seizing upon it as a trait of +modern English manners. A transaction, however, came before the public eye +a month or two ago, which, should you think the following record of it +worth preservation as a "curiosity of legal experience," may lead your +readers to a different conclusion: + + "A young man, named W. C. Capas, was charged at the Public Office, + Birmingham, Jan. 31, 1853, with assaulting his wife. The latter, in + giving her evidence, stated that her husband was not living with her, + but was 'leased' to another female. Upon inquiry by the magistrate into + this novel species of contract, the document itself was produced in + court, and read. It ran as follows: + + "'Memorandum of agreement made and entered into this second day of + October, in the year of our Lord 1852, between William Charles Capas, + of Charles-Henry Street, in the borough of Birmingham, in the county of + Warwick, carpenter, of the one part, and Emily Hickson, of Hurst + Street, Birmingham aforesaid, spinster, of the other part. Whereas the + said William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson have mutually agreed with + each other to live and reside together, and to mutually assist in + supporting and maintaining each other during the remainder of their + lives, and also to sign the agreement hereinafter contained to that + effect: now, therefore, it is hereby mutually agreed upon, by and + between the said William Charles Capas and Emily Hickson, that they the + said, &c., shall live and reside together during the remainder of their + lives, and that they shall mutually exert themselves by work and + labour, and by following all their business pursuits, to the best of + their abilities, skill, and understanding, and by advising and + assisting each other, for their mutual benefit and advantage, and also + to provide for themselves and each other the best supports and comforts + of life which their means and income may afford. And for the true and + faithful performance of this agreement, each of the said parties + bindeth himself and herself unto the other finally by this agreement, + as witness the hands of the said parties, this day and year first above + written." + +Here follow the signatures of the consenting parties. The girl Hickson was +examined, and admitted that she had signed the document at the office of a +Mr. Campbell, the _lawyer_(!) who prepared it, and that his charge for +drawing up the same was, she believed, 1l. 15s. The latter promised her, at +the same time, that if the wife of Capas gave her any annoyance he would +put in that paper as evidence. The magistrates, considering the assault +proved, fined Capas 2s. 6d., and "commented in very strong terms on the +document which had that day been brought before them." (See _Birmingham +Journal_, Jan. 5th, 1853.) Has a similar transaction come before the notice +of your correspondents? + +I may add that we are informed by the _Birmingham Argus_ for March, 1834, +that in that month a man led his wife by a halter to Smithfield Market in +that town, and there publicly offered her for sale. + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + +ENOUGH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 455.) + +This word, when written or pronounced _enow_, is regarded as a plural, and +relates to _number_. In this sense it is employed in Northampton and other +Midland counties, and is found in old writers. If the word was always +pronounced _enow_, it must be long since. The distinction above hinted at +prevailed in Waller's time, and he conforms to it in the examples quoted. +Butler, in _Hudibras_, has both: + + "This b'ing professed we hope _enough_, + And now go on where we left off.' + Part i. canto 2. 44. + +Again, line 1153. of the same canto: + + "For though the body may creep through, + The hands in grate are _enough_;" + +an apparent exception, but not really such. (See also canto 3. 117. 285., +where it rhymes with "off," as also line 809. At line 739. it written +_enow_, and rhymes with "blow.") + +And again, 873: + + "My loss of honour's great _enough_, + Thou needst not brand it with a scoff." + +Other examples may be quoted from the same author. + +In a song, written upon the Restoration of Charles II., we have the +following: + + "Were not contented, but grew rough, + As though they had not won _enough_." + _Loyal Arms_, vol. i. p. 244. + +In the _Lamentable Tragedy of Cambises_, written early in the reign of +Elizabeth, the word occurs: + + "Gogs sides, knaves, seeing to fight ye be so rough, + Defend yourselves, for I will give ye bothe _inough_." + +In _Lusty Juventus, a Morality_, temp. Edward VI., is the following: + + "Call them Papistes, hipocrites, and joyning of the plough; + Face out the matter, and then good _ynough_." + +Here certainly the distinction disappears, as in the next and last example +from _Candlemas Day_, "Ao. Do. 1512," where Joseph is speaking: + + "Take hym in your armys, Mary, I you pray, + And of your swete mylke let him sowke _inowe_, + Mawger Herowd and his grett fray: + And as your spouse, Mary, I shall go with you." + +It would seem therefore, that this word has had its present pronunciation +about three centuries. {604} Its derivation is directly from the Saxon +_genoh_, but the root is found in many other languages, as the German, +Dutch, Danish, &c. + +B. H. C. + +MR. WRIGHT supposes there has been a change in the pronunciation of this +word, and inquires when it took place. Now, if my conjecture be correct, +there may have been no change, and these are two words,--not one pronounced +differently. Both the instances quoted by him are in conformity with my +opinion, viz. that where the sense is "a sufficient _quantity_," either in +substance, quality, or action, we should make use of _enough_; yet where a +sufficient _number_ is intended, we should pronounce and write _enow_. I +recollect (being a native of Suffolk) that I was laughed at by the boys of +a school in a western county, nearly seventy years ago: but I was not then +laughed out of my word, nor am I likely now to be argued out of it. + +P.S.--I see that Johnson's _Dictionary_ gives the same statement about +_enough_ and _enow_. This answer is therefore superfluous. Johnson gives +numerous instances of the use of _enow_ from our best authors. + +H. C. R. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Mr. Wilkinson's Mode of levelling Cameras._--As you have done me the +honour to notice my simple invention for levelling cameras, which I have +since had an opportunity of trying in the open air for a week, and find to +succeed perfectly, I wish to correct some errors which appeared in the +_Photographic Journal_, from which you copied my remarks, and which arose +from the notes being taken down from my verbal observations. The first part +is perfectly correct but after l. 9. col. 2. "N. & Q." (Vol. vii., p. 462.) +it should read thus: + +"The other perpendicular is then sought for; the back or front of the +camera being raised or lowered until the thread cuts the perpendicular +lines drawn upon the sides of the camera. By this means a perfectly +horizontal plane is obtained, as true as with the best spirit-levels, and +in less time. By tying three knots in the silk at twelve inches distance +from the one bullet and from each other, we have a measure for stereoscopic +pictures; and by making the thread thirty-nine inches and two-tenths long +from one bullet to the centre of the other, we obtain a pendulum vibrating +seconds, which is useful in talking portraits; as it will continue +vibrating for ten minutes, if one bullet be merely hung over any point of +suspension." + +Thus we obtain a levelling instrument, a chronometer, and a measure of +distances, at a cost considerably under one penny. + +The above will more fully explain to your correspondent [Phi]. (Vol. vii., +p. 505.) my reasons for the length of thread stated; and with respect to +the diagonal lines on the ground glass, it is not material what may be the +distance of the principal object, whether six feet or six hundred: for if +the cross lines, or any other lines drawn on the glass, cut the central +object in the picture at any particular part--for example, the window of +any particular house, or the branch of any tree,--then the camera may be +removed to higher or lower ground, several feet or inches, to the right or +to the left, and the same lines be made to cut the same objects, previously +noted; the elevation will then be the same, which completes all that is +required. + +In most stereoscopic pictures, the distances are too wide. For a portrait, +two inches and half to three inches, at nine or twelve feet distant, is +enough; and for landscapes much less is required than is generally given, +for no very great accuracy is necessary. Three feet, at three hundred +yards, is quite enough; and four to six feet, at a mile, will do very well. +Let experiment determine: for every photographer must learn his profession +or amusement; there is no royal road to be depended on. But a small +aperture, a quarter of an inch diameter, may be considered a good practical +size for a lens of three and a quarter inches, depending on light and time: +the smaller the aperture, the longer the time; and no rules can be given by +any one who does not know the size and quality of the lenses employed. +Every one can make a few trials for himself, and find it out; which will be +more satisfactory than any instructions derived from books or +correspondence. I obtain all the information I can from every source, then +try, and judge for myself. At worst, you only spoil a few sheets of paper, +and gain experience. + +I perfectly agree with DR. DIAMOND, that it is much better not to wash the +collodion pictures after developing; but pour on about one drachm of sat. +sol. hypo. at once, and then, when clear, plenty of water; and let water +rest on the surface for an hour or more, before setting on edge to dry. + +HENRY WILKINSON. + +_Collodion Negative._--Can you inform me how a collodion negative may be +made? that is, how you can ensure the negative being always of a _dense +enough character to print from_. This is rarely the case. + +F. M. + +_Developing Collodion Process._--I use to develope my collodion pictures M. +Martin's plan, _i. e._ a solution of common copperas made a little acid +with sulphuric acid. This answers very well and gives to the pictures, +after they have been exposed an hour or two to the atmosphere, a +silver-like appearance: but this copperas solution seems to destroy the +_glass_ for using _a second time_, inasmuch as a haziness is cast upon the +glass, and its former enamel seems lost, not to be regained even by using +acids. The hyposulphite also seems to be affected by this manner of +developing the {605} pictures after a short time, which is not the case +with pyrogallic acid. The hypo., when thus affected with the copperas, +appears also to throw a mist over the picture, which new hypo. does _not_. +I should esteem it a favour if any of your numerous readers could inform me +the cause of this. + +A. A. P. + +_An iodizing Difficulty._--May I request the favour, from some one of your +numerous photographic correspondents, of a solution to the following +apparent enigma, through the medium of "N. & Q."? + +Being located in a neighbourhood where there is a scarcity of water in the +summer months, I lately took advantage of a pool in a running stream, which +ran at the bottom of the grounds of a friend, to soak my calotype papers +in, subsequent to having brushed them over with the solution of iodide of +silver, according to the process recommended by SIR W. NEWTON. One-half of +the batch was removed in about two hours and a half, being beautifully +clean, and of a nice light primrose colour; and in consequence of an +unexpected call and detention longer than I had anticipated, the other half +was left floating from two o'clock P.M. until seven or eight in the evening +(nearly six hours), when, much to my chagrin, I found on their removal that +they had all, more or less, become browned, or, rather, had taken on a +dirty, deep, nankeen colour, those that had been first floated being +decidedly the worst. I had previously thought that the papers _must_ be +left _at least_ two and a half to three hours, a longer period having no +other effect than that of softening the papers, or, at most, of allowing +some slight portion of the iodide to fall off from their surface, whereas, +from the above-described discoloration, an evident decomposition must have +commenced, which I am quite at a loss to account for; neither can I +conjecture what the chemical change can have been. I have several times +before prepared good papers in trays filled with water from the same +stream, but from the quantity running in the brook in the spring months, I +never before have had the chance of floating them in the stream itself. + +An explanation of the above difficulty from some obliging and +better-informed photographist would be very thankfully received by + +HENRY H. HELE. + +Ashburton, Devon. + +P.S.--The pool of water was well shaded, consequently not a ray of bright +sunlight could possibly impinge on the papers while floating. + +I have always understood that _pure_ iodide of silver was quite insensible +to the action of light, or to any other chemical change, as far as the +action of atmospheric air was concerned. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Bishop Frampton_ (Vol. iii., p 261.).--For some account of this excellent +man, see chapter xxxi. of Mr. Anderdon's _Life of Bishop Ken_, where are +given some very interesting letters, that are printed from the MSS. in the +possession of Dr. Williams, Warden of New College, Oxford. Frampton appears +to have been at one time chaplain to the British Factory at Aleppo. +Mandeville, in the Dedication prefixed to his _Journey from Aleppo to +Jerusalem_, makes honourable mention of him, and attributes the highly +creditable character of the society to the influence of that incomparable +instructor. When the funeral procession of Christian, Countess of +Devonshire, halted at Leicester, on the way to Derby, a sermon was preached +on the occasion by Frampton, who was then chaplain to the Earl of Elgin, +the Countess's near relative. In sending these scraps, allow me to express +the hope that MR. EVANS has not laid aside his intention of favouring us +with a Life of Frampton. + +E. H. A. + + [We cordially join in the wish expressed by our correspondent, that the + Vicar of Shoreditch will before long favour us with the publication of + the manuscript life of this amiable prelate, written, we believe, by + his chaplain. It appears to us doubtful whether the bishop ever + published any of his sermons, from what he states in a letter given in + the Appendix to _The Life of John Kettlewell_. "I have often," he says, + "been in the pulpit, in season and out of season, and also bold and + honest enough there, God be praised; but never in the _printing-house_ + yet; and believe I never shall be." The longest printed account of this + deprived bishop is given in Rudder's _History and Antiquities of + Gloucester_; and no doubt many particulars respecting him and other + Nonjurors may be found in the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library.] + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432; Vol. vii. _passim_).--At Dunblane +the collection of books bequeathed by the amiable Leighton is still +preserved. At All Saints, Newcastle-on-Tyne, I once saw, among some old +books in the vestry, a small quarto volume of tracts, including Archbishop +Laud's speech in the Star Chamber, at the censure of Bastwick, Burton, and +Prynne. It had been presented by the Rev. E. Moise, M. A., many years +lecturer of that church. + +The old library at St. Nicholas, Newcastle-on-Tyne, contains many curious +books and MSS., particularly the old Bible belonging to Hexham Abbey. This +library was greatly augmented by the munificent bequest of the Rev. Dr. +Thomlinson, rector of Whickham, prebendary of St. Paul's, and lecturer of +St. Nicholas, who died at an advanced age, in 1748, leaving all his books +to this church. In 1825 Archdeacon Bowyer presented a series of lending +libraries--ninety-three in all--to the several parishes in the county of +Northumberland. {606} They are in the custody of the incumbent for the time +being. Lastly, there is a very valuable library at Bamburgh Castle, the +bequest of Dr. Sharp: the books are allowed to circulate gratuitously +amongst the clergy and respectable inhabitants of the adjoining +neighbourhood. + +E. H. A. + +The Honourable Mrs. Dudleya North died in 1712. Her choice collection of +books in oriental learning were "by her only surviving brother, the then +Lord North and Grey, given to the parochial library at Rougham, in Norfolk, +founded by the Hon. Roger North, Esq., for the use of the minister of that +parish, and, under certain regulations and restrictions, of the +neighbouring clergy also, for ever. Amongst these there is, in particular, +one very neat pocket Hebrew Bible in 12mo., without points, with silver +clasps to it, and bound in blue Turkey leather, in a case of the same +materials, which she constantly carried to church with her.... In the first +leaf of all the books that had been hers, when they were deposited in that +library," was a Latin inscription, setting forth the names of the late +owner, and of the donor of these books. (Ballard's _Memoirs of British +Ladies_. 8vo. 1775, p. 286.) + +ANON. + +_Pierrepont_ (Vol. vii., p. 65.).--John Pierrepont, of Wadworth, near +Doncaster, who died 1st July, 1653, is described on a brass plate to his +memory, in the church at Wadworth, as "generosus." He was owner of the +rectory and other property there. It appears from the register that he +married, 18th April, 1609, Margaret, daughter and coheir of Michael +Cocksonn, Gent., of Wadworth and Crookhill, and by her (who was buried 22nd +July, 1620) he had + +MARY (ultimately only daughter and heir), baptized at Wadworth, 27th July, +1612; married John Battie, of Wadworth, Gent., and had issue, + + Francis Battie, of Wadworth, Gent., who died without issue, 1682; + having married Martha, daughter of Michael Fawkes, Esq., of Farnley. + + Elizabeth, wife of John Cogan, of Hull. + + Margaret, wife of William Stephens, Rector of Sutton, Bedfordshire. + +FRANCES, bap. 1st July, and bur. Aug. 12, 1616. + +JOHN, bap. 19th Aug., 1617; bur. Feb. 10, 1629-30. + +GEORGE, bur. 26th Jan., 1631-2. + +The arms on the memorial to John Pierrepont are--A lion rampant within +eight roses in orle. + +N.B.--By the _second_ wife of the above John Battie there was issue, now +represented by William Battie Wrightson, Esq., M.P. of Cusworth. + +C. J. + +_Passage in Orosius_ (Vol. vii., pp. 399. 536.).--I cannot exactly +subscribe to the three propositions of MR. E. THOMSON, which he deduces +from his observations on "twam tyncenum" in Alfred's _Orosius_. In the +first place, the sentence in which the word _tyncenum_ occurs is perfectly +gratuitous on the part of Alfred, or whoever paraphrased Orosius in +Anglo-Saxon. No such assertion appears in Orosius, so that we have no means +of comparing it with the original. + +The occurrence, as recounted by both Orosius and Herodotus, is attributed +to a _horse_ (a sacred horse, Herod.), not to a _horseman_, _knight_, or +_thane_. What is meant by the Anglo-Saxon text is, certainly, anything but +clear, as it stands in Barrington's edition; and he himself confesses this, +and does not admit it into his English translation. + +Dr. Bosworth seems to have wisely omitted the word in the second edition of +his dictionary; and Thorpe confesses he can make nothing of it, in his +_Analecta_. We find no such word in Caedmon, Beowulf, or the _Saxon +Chronicle_; and the only reference made by Dr. Bosworth, in his first +edition, is to this very place in Alfred's _Orosius_, in which he seems to +have followed Lye. + +May it not have been an error in the earlier transcribers of the MS., and +the real word have been _twentigum_, _i. e._ he ordered his thane to pass +over the river _with twenty men_, since the thane, by himself, could have +been but of little use on the other side the river? However this may be, +the fact is not historical at all, and therefore, as respects history, is +of little consequence. + +JOHN ORMAN, M.A. + +Cambridge. + +_Pugna Porcorum_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--The author of this poem, as is +generally believed (though its production has also been assigned to +Gilbertus Cognatus or Cousin), was Joannes Leo Placentius, or Placentinus, +of whom the following account is given in the _Biographie Universelle_: + + "Jean-Leo Placentius ou Le Plaisant, n'est connu que comme l'auteur + d'un petit poeme _tautogramme_, genre de composition qui ne peut offrir + que le frivole merite de la difficulte vaincue. Ne a Saint Trond, au + pays de Liege, il fit ses etudes a Bois-le-Duc, dans l'ecole des + Hieronomytes; embrassa la vie religieuse, au commencement du seizieme + siecle, dans l'ordre des Dominicains, et fut envoye a Louvain pour y + faire son cours de theologie. Les autres circonstances de sa vie sont + ignorees; et ce n'est que par conjecture qu'on place sa mort a l'annee + 1548. On peut consulter sur cet ecrivain, la _Bibl. Belgica_ de + Foppens, et les _Scriptores ordin. Praedicator._ des PP. Quetif et + Echard." + +[Greek: Alieus]. + +Dublin. + +This production appears to have been merely designed as a display of the +writer's skill. Dr. Brown notices it in his _Philosophy of the Mind_, lect. +36; and Ebert: "PORCIUS, _Pugna Porcorum_, per P. Porcium, Poetam (J. +Leonem), without {607} place, 1530, 8vo., 8 leaves. Printed in Italics, and +probably at Cologne or in Holland." He enumerates several other editions, +the last of which is that of Walch, 1786. + +B. H. C. + +_Oaken Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--These are rare. Three of +the latter exist at Little Horkesley, Essex. Two are figures of +cross-legged knights in chain armour and surcoats: one is a female figure +wimpled. They are supposed by Suckling to represent members of the +Horkesley family, who held that manor from 1210 to 1322. + +Another instance is the effigy of a cross-legged knight in chain mail at +Danbury in the same county. An account of these will be found in vol. iii. +of Weale's _Architectural Papers_. + +At Ashwell, Rutland, is an effigy in wood of a cross-legged knight, also in +chain mail, if I remember rightly. It is not quite evident, from the +description in Weale's book, whether there are three effigies at Danbury or +only one. Of the same material is the figure of Isabella of Angouleme at +Fontevrault. A catalogue of these wooden effigies would be interesting. + +CHEVERELLS. + +_Bowyer Bible_ (Vol. vii., _passim_).--Relative to the history and various +possessors of this curious Bible, I find the following notice in _The +Times_, Oct. 14, 1840: + + "There is at present, in the possession of Mrs. Parker of Golden + Square, a copy of Macklin's Bible in forty-five large volumes, + illustrated with nearly 7000 engravings from the age of Michael Angelo + to that of Reynolds and West. The work also contains about 200 original + drawings or vignettes by Loutherbourg. + + "The prints and etchings include the works of Raffaelle, Marc Antonio, + Albert Durer, Callot, Rembrandt, and other masters, consisting of + representations of nearly every fact, circumstance, and object + mentioned in the Holy Scriptures. There are, moreover, designs of + trees, plants, flowers, quadrupeds, birds, fishes, and insects; such + as, besides fossils, have been adduced in proof of the universal + Deluge. The most authentic Scripture atlasses are bound up with the + volumes. The Bible was the property of the late Mr. Bowyer the + publisher, who collected and arranged the engravings, etchings, and + drawings at great expense and labour; and he is said to have been + engaged for upwards of thirty years in rendering it perfect. It was + insured at the Albion Insurance Office for 3000l." + +In the British Museum are several large works, particularly British +topography, illustrated in a similar manner, and which thus contain +materials of the rarest and most valuable description. Of these I would +only at present mention Salmon's _Hertfordshire_ illustrated by +Baskerville, and Lysons's _Environs_, in the King's Library. A long list of +such valuable works might be furnished from the Museum catalogues. + +One of the most laborious collectors of curious prints of every kind was +John Bagford, whose voluminous collections are amongst the Harleian MSS. in +many folio volumes, in which will be found illustrations of topography to +be met with nowhere else. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 504.).--Our friend A. J. is certainly not +one of the "remnant of true believers." By way of aiding in the crusade to +convert him to the faith, I hereunder quote a couple of instances, "within +the age of registers," which I trust will in some degree satisfy his pagan +incredulity. The parish registers of the township of Church Minshull, in +Cheshire, begin in 1561, and in the portion for the year 1649 appears the +following: + + "Thomas Damme, of Leighton, buried the 26th of February, being of the + age of seven score and fourteen." + +This entry was made under the "Puritan dispensation," when the parish +scribe was at any rate supposed to be an "oracle of truth." Here, however, +is another instance, culled from the Register of Burials for the parish of +Frodsham, also in Cheshire: + + "1512/3. Feb. 12. Thomas Hough, cujus aetas CXLI." + +And again, on the very next day after-- + + "---- Feb. 13. Randle Wall, aetas 104." + +I have met with other instances, but those now enumerated will probably +suffice for my present purpose. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +John Locke, baptized 17th December, 1716, in the parish of Coney Weston, +was buried in Larling parish, county of Norfolk, 21st July, 1823. He is +registered as 110 years of age. He and his family always said that he was +three years old when he was baptized. I saw and conversed with him in Jan. +1823. + +F. W. J. + +_Lady Anne Gray_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--Referring to Sir John Harington's +poem, I do not find that the Christian name of the Lady Gray is set down at +all; the words of the stanza are,-- + + "First doth she give to _Grey_, + The falcon's curtesse kind." + +I find in the pedigrees, British Museum, a "Lady Anne Grey" (daughter to +John Lord Grey of Pirgo, brother to Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk) _married_ +to "Henry Denny of Waltham," father to the Earl of Norwich of that name. +She was his first wife, and dying without issue, he married again "Lady +Honora Grey, daughter of Lord Grey de Wilton;" but I scarce think this Lady +Anne Grey could have been the maid of honour to the princess. The number of +Greys of different stocks and branches at that period, are beyond counting +or distinguishing from each other, and yet the fall of a queen's maid of +honour should be {608} easily traceable. Isabella Markham, one of the six +ladies, married Sir John Harington himself. + +On referring to Lodge's _Illustrations_, I find the Lord John Grey one of +those noblemen appointed to attend Queen Elizabeth on her _entree_ from +Hatfield to London on her accession, so that his daughter may well have +been one of her maids of honour; yet from comparison of dates I think she +can scarce have been the wife of Henry Denny. + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + +_Sir John Fleming_ (Vol. vii., p. 356.).--If CARET can obtain access to the +pedigree of the Flemings of Rydal Hall, Westmoreland, I anticipate he will +find that this Sir John was the third son of Sir Michael le Fleming, who +came over at the instance of Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, to assist King +William in his conquest of England. I may add that the Rydal family, +honoured with a baronetcy, Oct. 4, 1704, bear for their arms--"Gules, a +fret argent." + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Life_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Campbell, in his lines entitled _A Dream_, +writes: + + "Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver! + Life's career so void of pain, + As to wish its fitful fever + New begun again?" + +Though everybody knows the line-- + + "After life's fitful fever he sleeps well"-- + +I think Campbell might have acknowledged his adoption of the words by +marking them, and might have improved his own lines (with all deference be +it said) if he had written-- + + "Hast thou felt, poor self-deceiver! + _Thy_ career so void of pain, + As to wish 'life's fitful fever' + New begun again?" + +F. JAMES. + + "I would not live my days over again if I could command them by a wish, + for the snares of life are greater than the fears of death." (Penn's + father, the Admiral.) + +Penn himself said, that if he had to live his life over again, he could +serve God, his neighbour, and himself better than he had done. Considering +the history of the father and son's respective lives (and of those I before +alluded to), though the latter's remarks may appear presumptuous, which +showed the most _wisdom_ is an open question. Does not H. C. K.'s +professional experience enable him to give a more certain opinion of +ordinary men's feelings than is expressed in "I fear not?" + +A. C. + +_Family of Kelway_ (Vol. vii., p. 529.).--In reply to the Query as to this +family in "N. & Q." of May 28, I beg to mention that in MS. F. 9. in the +Heraldic MSS. in Queen's College library, Oxford, is a pedigree of the +family of Kelway of Shereborne, co. Dorset, and White Parish, Wilts. + +The arms are beautifully tricked. There is a bordure engrailed to the +Kelway coat. With it are these quarterings: 2, a leopard's face g. entre +five birds close s., three in chief, two in base. 3, az. a camel statant +arg. Crest, on a wreath arg. and g. a cock arg. crested, beaked, wattled, +az. + +D. P. + +_Sir G. Browne, Bart._ (Vol. vii., p. 528.).--The particulars given by +NEWBURY, while introducing his Query, are extremely vague and inaccurate. +In the first place, the individual he styles _Sir_ George Browne, _Bart._, +was in reality simple George Browne, _Esq._, of Caversham, Oxon, and +Wickham, Kent. This gentleman, who would have been a valuable acquisition +to any nascent colony, married Elizabeth (_not_ Eleanor), second daughter +of Sir Richard Blount, of Maple Durham, and had by her nineteen children, +pretty evenly divided as to sex: for I read that of the daughters, three at +least died young; other three became nuns and one married ---- Yates, Esq., +a Berkshire gentleman. Of the sons, three, as NEWBURY relates, fell +gloriously fighting for Charles, their sovereign. Neither of these latter +were married: indeed, the only sons who ventured at all into the bonds of +wedlock were George, the heir, and John, a younger brother. George married +Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Englefield, Knt., a Popish +recusant, and left two daughters, his co-heiresses. John, his brother, +created a baronet May 19th, 1665, married Mrs. Bradley, a widow, and had +issue three sons and three daughters. The sons, Anthony, John, and George, +inherited the baronetcy in succession, the two former dying bachelors: the +third son, Sir George, married his sister-in-law, Gertrude Morley, and left +three sons, the first of whom, Sir John, succeeded his father; and with him +the baronetcy became dormant, if not indeed extinct. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Americanisms, so called_ (Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., p. 51.).--Thurley +Bottom, near Great Marlow, dear to "the Fancy," may be added to the list of +J. S.'s. + +F. JAMES. + +_Sir Gilbert Gerard_ (Vol. v., pp. 511. 571.; Vol. vi., p. 441.).--Sir +Gilbert Gerard, Master of the Rolls temp. Queen Elizabeth, died on the 4th +of February, and was interred on the 6th of March, 1592 (Old Style), in +Ashley Church, in Staffordshire. The style most probably led Dugdale into +the error noticed by your learned correspondent MR. FOSS, in his last +communication to "N. & Q.," relative to the probate of Sir Gilbert Gerard's +will. I beg to forward you an extract taken from the Parish Register of +Ashley, which, {609} it will be seen, not only records the burial, but +likewise, rather unusually, the precise day of his death, a little more +than a month intervening between the two events, which possibly might be +accounted for. On a careful examination of Sir Gilbert's tomb, I did not +find (which agrees with Dugdale) any epitaph thereon,--a somewhat +remarkable circumstance, inasmuch as Sir Thomas Gerard (Sir Gilbert +Gerard's eldest son and heir, who was created Baron Gerard, of Gerard's +Bromley, where his father had built a splendid mansion, a view of which is +in Plot's _History of Staffordshire_, page 103., not a vestige of which +beyond the gateway is now standing) is said by the Staffordshire historians +to have erected a monument to the memory of his father at great expense; a +drawing of which is given by Garner in his _Natural History of +Staffordshire_, p. 120., with a copious description of the tomb. + + _Extract. Annus 1592._ + + "4 Die Februarii mortuus est Gilbert Gerard, Miles, et Custos + Rotulorium Serenissimae Reginae Elizabethae; et sepultus 6 die Martii + sequentis." + +T. W. JONES. + +Nantwich. + +_Tombstone in Churchyard._--_Arms: Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., pp. 331. 390. +407. 560.).--It appears that I may conclude that 1600 is the oldest +_legible_ date on a tombstone inscription. That of 1601 is cut in relief +round the edge of a long free-stone slab, raised on a course of two or +three bricks, and is in Henllan, near Denbigh. + +The battle-axes (three in fesse) are on the wall over it. I am obliged to +J. D. S.; but in both my cases the arms appear as connected with Welsh +families; but it is the above that I want to identify. + +A. C. + +A correspondent asks for instances of dates on tombstones earlier than +1601. I know of one, at Moore Church in the county of Meath, within five +miles of Drogheda. It is as early as 1597; the letters, instead of being +sunk, are in relief. I subjoin a copy of the inscription: + + "HERE VNDER LIETH THE + BODY OF DAME IENET + SARSFELD, LADY DOWAGER + OF DONSANY, WHO DIED THE + XXII OF FEBRVARY, AN. DNI. + 1597." + +M. E. + +Dublin. + +_Thomas Gage_ (Vol. vi., p. 291.).--Thomas Gage (formerly a Dominican +friar, and author of the _English American_, 1648--as I saw the work +entitled--subsequently a Puritan preacher), is, I imagine, identical with +Thomas Gage, minister of the Gospel at Deal in Kent, whom your +correspondent A. B. R. inquires about, p. 291. If so, he became chaplain to +Lord Fairfax, and, according to Macaulay, was not unlikely to have married +some dependent connexion of that family. + +E. C. G. + +_Marriage in High Life_ (Vol. vi., p. 359.).--I have often heard a similar +story, from an old relation of mine with whom I lived when a girl; and she +had heard it from her father,--which would carry the time of its occurrence +back to the date 1740, named by your correspondent. My informant's father +knew the parties, and I have repeatedly heard the name of the bridegroom; +but whether Wilbraham or Swetenham, I do not now remember. Both Wilbrahams +and Swetenhams are old Cheshire families, and have intermarried. I am +almost certain a Wilbraham was the hero of the story. I have had the house +pointed out to me where he lived, and it was not above a couple of hours' +drive from Chester, whither we were going in the old-fashioned way of +carriage-conveyance. I am sure he was not a peer, though, if a Wilbraham, +he might be related to the late (first) Lord Skelmersdale. + +There is one other little circumstance, which the reference to those former +times has reminded me of,--the pronunciation of the word _obliged_ (as in +the Prologue to the _Satires_, where Pope says: + + "By flatterers besieged, + And so obliging that he ne'er obliged), + +which the old lady that I have referred to, maintained was the proper +pronunciation for _obleege_, to confer a favour; whereas the harsher sound, +to _oblige_, was discriminatively reserved for the equivalent, to compel. +She was a well-educated woman, and had associated with the good society of +London in her youth; and she always complained of the want of taste and +judgment shown by the younger generation, in pronouncing the same word, +with two distinct meanings, alike in both cases. + +E. C. G. + +_Eulenspiegel_ (Vol. vii., p. 557.).--The German verses under MR. CAMPKIN'S +portrait of Eulenspiegel, rendered into English prose, mean: + + "Look here at Eulenspiegel: his portrait makes thee laugh. + What wouldst thou do, if thou couldst see the jester himself? + But Till is a picture and mirror of this world. + He left many a brother behind. We are great fools + In thinking that we are the greatest sages: + Therefore laugh at thyself, as this sheet represents thyself." + +From the orthography, I do not think that the lines are much anterior to +the beginning of the eighteenth century. The names of the artist will be +the safest guides for discovering the date of the print. + +[alpha]. {610} + +"_Wanderings of Memory_" (Vol. vii., p. 527.).--The author of _Wanderings +of Memory_, published by subscription at Lincoln in 1815, 12mo. pp. 151., +was a young man "in his apprenticeship," of the name of A. G. Jewitt. He +dedicates the book to his father, Mr. Arthur Jewitt, Kimberworth School, +Yorkshire. Nearly the whole of the embellishments were engraved by a +younger brother of the author, "who at the time had not attained his +sixteenth year, and who had not the opportunity of profiting by any regular +instructions." + +There are some good lines in the poem, but not enough to rescue it from +that fate which poetical mediocrity is irreversibly doomed to. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The reputation which Mr. Finlay has acquired by his _History of Greece_, +and his _Greece under the Romans_, will unquestionably be increased by his +newly published _History of the Byzantine Empire from DCCXVI. to MLVII._ +The subject is one of great interest to the scholar; and the manner in +which Mr. Finlay has traced the progress of the eastern Roman empire +through an eventful period of three centuries and a half, and while doing +so enriched his pages with constant reference to the original historians, +has certainly enabled him to accomplish the object which he has avowedly +had in view, namely, that of making his work serve not only as a popular +history, but also as an index for scholars who may be more familiar with +classic literature than with the Byzantine writers. + +We understand that Her Majesty and Prince Albert, with that appreciation of +the beautiful and the useful for which they are distinguished, have shown +their opinion of the value of photography by becoming the Patrons of the +_Photographic Society_. + +The _Camden Society_ is about to put to press a work which will be of great +value to our topographical writers, as well as to historians generally, +namely, _The Extent of the Estates of the Hospitalers in England, taken +under the direction of Prior Philip de Thame_, A.D. 1338. The original MS. +is at Malta; and though the transcript of it was made by a most competent +hand, we have reason to believe that our correspondent at La Valetta +(W. W.) would be doing good service both to the Society and to the world of +letters, and one which would be most acceptable to the Transcriber, if he +could find it convenient to revise the proof sheets with the original +document. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Cyclopaedia Bibliographica, a Library Manual of +Theological and General Literature._ Part IX. of this useful Library +Companion extends from _Goethe_ to _Matthew Henry_.--_Reynard the Fox, after +the German Version of Goethe, with Illustrations, by J. Wolf._ Part VI. +Contains Chap. VI. The Relapse.--Messrs. Longman have added to their +_Traveller's Library_ (in two parts) an interesting and cleverly written +account of our _Coal Mines, and those who live in them_, which gives a +graphic picture of the places and persons to whom we are all for so many +months indebted for our greatest comfort.--Mr. Bohn continues his good work +of supplying excellent books at moderate prices. We are this month indebted +to him for publishing in his _Scientific Library_ the third volume of Miss +Ross' excellent translation of Humboldt's _Personal Narrative of his +Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America_, which is enriched with a +very copious index. In his _Classical Library_ he has given us +_Translations of Terence and Phaedrus_; and in his _Antiquarian Library_, +the second volume of what, in spite of the laches pointed out by one of our +correspondents, we must pronounce a most useful work for the mere English +reader, the second volume of Mr. Riley's translation of _Roger de Hoveden's +Annals of English History_, which completes the work. Probably, however, +the volume which Mr. Bohn has just published in his _Standard Library_ is +the one which will excite most interest. It is issued as a continuation of +Coxe's _History of the House of Austria_, and consists (for the most part) +of a translation of Count Hartig's _Genesis of the Revolution in Austria_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +KING ON ROMAN COINS. + +LORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson, 1736. + +JAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I. +4to. 1794. + +WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832. + +WALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683. + +WARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818. + +AUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth, 1842. + +SANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794. +Two Copies. + +LOMBARDI (PETRI) SENTENTIARUM, Lib. IV. Any good edition. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +D. A. A. _will find an answer to his Query, "Was St. Patrick ever in +Ireland?" in our_ 5th Vol. p. 561., _from the pen of that accomplished +scholar, the_ REV. DR. ROCK. + +_We have to apologise to many of our Shakspearian correspondents for the +delay which has taken place in the insertion of their communications._ +A. E. B. _will perceive that we have complied with his request in +substituting for immediate publication the paper he sent this week, instead +of one by him which has been in type for two or three weeks._ + +_The coincident communications from two correspondents on Falstaff's +death_,--MR. SINGER_'s valuable emendation of a passage in_ Romeo and +Juliet,--_and_ MR. BLINK_'s and_ MR. RAWLINSON_'s respective +communications, shall have our earliest attention._ + +_We are also compelled to postpone our usual replies to Photographic +Querists._ + +MR. MERRITT_'s Photographic specimens are very satisfactory. There can be +no doubt that, with perseverance, he will accomplish everything that can be +desired in this useful and pleasing art._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ {611} + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's Canson Freres, La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the +attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of +his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the +efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability +and convenience of the Folding Ditto. + +Every description of Apparatus to order. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared; at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 241/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next +Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks or liabilities; the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy; the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank; +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _L s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN. +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. {612} + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, in 8vo. pp. 542, price 12s. 6d. + +HISTORY OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By GEORGE FINLAY, +ESQ., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Literature. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + +Who have lately published, by the same Author, + +GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: A Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the +time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman Empire +in the East, B.C. 146--A.D. 717. 8vo., pp. 554, price 16s. + +HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by +the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204--1461. 8vo. pp. 520, price +12s. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, in 8vo., price 16s., + +DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN AND CONNECTION OF THE GOSPELS; With a SYNOPSIS +of the PARALLEL PASSAGES in the ORIGINAL and AUTHORISED VERSION, and +CRITICAL NOTES. By JAMES SMITH, Esq., of Jordanhill, F.R.S., &c., Author of +the "Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul." + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + +"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the +careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, +1852._ + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. + + Volume Three, 1272-1377. + Volume Four, 1377-1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. cloth, + + Volume One, 1066-1199. + Volume Two, 1199-1272. + +"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take +its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN & CO. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to +Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock, +under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been +connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +SINGER ON SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + +Just published, 8vo., 7s. 6d., THE + +TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE VINDICATED from the Interpolations and Corruptions +advocated by JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. in his Notes and Emendations. By +SAMUEL WELLER SINGER. + + "To blot old books and alter their contents."--_Rape of Lucrece._ + +Also, preparing for immediate Publication, in Ten Volumes, fcap. 8vo., to +appear monthly, The Dramatic Works of WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the text +completely revised, with Notes, and various Readings. By SAMUEL WELLER +SINGER. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, June 11, contains Articles on + + American plants + Aphelexis + Azaleas, hardy + Apples, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters + Beer, to make + Boilers, incrusted + Books noticed + Botanical gardens + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Cartridge, Norton's + Chiswick exhibitions + Cinerarias, to grow + Dobson's (Mr.) nursery + Estates, management of + Fences, holly + Forests, crown + Fruits, wearing out of, by Mr. Masters + Gardens, botanical + Gutta percha tubing, to mend, by Mr. Cuthill + Heating incrusted boilers + Holly fences + Leases and printed regulations + Lilium giganteum, by Mr. Cunningham + Norton's cartridge + Pasture, worn out, by Mr. Dyer + Pleuro-pneumonia + Potato-drying _v._ disease + Rhododendrons + Rhubarb, red + ---- wine + Rothamsted and Kilwhiss experiments, by Mr. Russell + Royal Botanical Gardens + Sheep, breeds of, by Mr. Spittal + ----, keeping of + Shows, reports of the Nottingham Tulip, Exeter Poultry + Societies, proceedings of the Caledonian Horticultural, + Agricultural of England, Bath Agricultural + Straw, properties of + Sun, rings about + Tenant right + Turnip seed, raising of, by Mr. Thallon + Vine, disease + Waterer's (Messrs.) nurseries + Wine, rhubarb + Winter, effects of + Woods and forests + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads; +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers. 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +8vo., price 21s. + +SOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest to the +end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of Existing +Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER. + +"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has done +for oil-painting--elucidated its history and traced its progress in England +by means of the records of expenses and mandates of the successive +Sovereigns of the realm--Mr. Hudson Turner has now achieved for Domestic +Architecture in this country during the twelfth and thirteenth +centuries."--_Architect._ + +"The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of the +craft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the reader of +the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest details, as well as +the discriminating judgment presiding over the general +arrangement."--_Morning Chronicle._ + +"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few attempts +that have been made in this country to treat this interesting subject in +anything more than a superficial manner. + +"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has consequently +laid before the reader much interesting information. It is a book that was +wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass of works on +Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we have been deluged. + +"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the more +interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the antiquary's +library."--_Literary Gazette._ + +"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the Squires +and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, that the +leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication will be found to consist. + +"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with careful +woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings by Mr. Blore +and Mr. Twopeny."--_Athenaeum._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Literary and Musical Curiosities, the Collection of Richard Clark, Esq., +Gentleman of H.M. Chapels Royal, Author of "An Account of the National +Anthem," &c. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Saturday, June the 25th, +the LITERARY AND MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of RICHARD CLARK, ESQ., including many +Works on the History and Theory of Music; Musical Works by the best +composers; the Organ-Book of Dr. John Bull, the original manuscript; +attested copies of the Charter of Westminster Abbey (not otherwise +accessible); prints, pictures, curiosities, musical relics, some beautiful +objects, made from the wood of Caxton's printing-office, recently +demolished; the well-known anvil and hammer of Powell, the blacksmith, with +which was beat the accompaniment to his air, adopted by Handel, and since +called "The Harmonious Blacksmith;" and many other interesting items. +Catalogues will be sent on application; if in the country, on receipt of +four stamps. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 18, +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p.596 "Another petition, persented" - "persented" - in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 190, June +18, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20369.txt or 20369.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/6/20369/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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