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diff --git a/20368.txt b/20368.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..587720f --- /dev/null +++ b/20368.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3548 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 15, 2007 [EBook #20368] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{613} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 191.] +Saturday, June 25, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Witchcraft in Somersetshire 613 + + "Emblemata Horatiana," by Weld Taylor 614 + + Shakspeare Criticism, by Thomas Keightley 615 + + Red Hair a Reproach, by T. Hughes 616 + + Extracts from Newspapers, 1714, by E. G. Ballard 616 + + MINOR NOTES:--Last Suicide buried at a Cross Road. + --Andrew's Edition of Freund's Latin Lexicon-- + Slang Expressions--"Quem Deus vult perdere"-- + White Roses 617 + + QUERIES:-- + + "Merk Lands" and "Ures:" Norwegian Antiquities 618 + + The Leigh Peerage, and Stoneley Estates, Warwickshire 619 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Phillips Family--Engine-a-verge + --Garrick's Funeral Epigram--The Rosicrucians-- + Passage in Schiller--Sir John Vanbrugh--Historical + Engraving--Hall-close, Silverstone, Northamptonshire + --Junius's Letters to Wilkes--The Reformer's + Elm--How to take Paint off old Oak 619 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Cadenus and Vanessa + --Boom--"A Letter to a Member of Parliament" + --Ancient Chessmen--Guthryisms 620 + + REPLIES:-- + + Correspondence of Cranmer and Calvin, by Henry Walter 621 + + "Populus vult decipi," by Robert Gibbings, &c. 621 + + Latin: Latiner 622 + + Jack 622 + + Passage in St. James, by T. J. Buckton, &c. 623 + + Faithfull Teate 624 + + Parvise 624 + + The Coenaculum of Lionardo da Vinci 624 + + Font Inscriptions, by F. B. Relton, &c. 625 + + Burn at Croydon 626 + + Christian Names, by William Bates, &c. 626 + + Weather Rules 627 + + Rococo, by Henry H. Breen 627 + + Descendants of John of Gaunt, by J. S. Warden 628 + + The Order of St. John of Jerusalem 628 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Anticipatory Worship + of the Cross--Ennui--"Qui facit per alium, facit per + se," &c.--Vincent Family--Judge Smith--"Dimidiation" + in Impalements--Worth--"Elementa sex," + &c.--"A Diasii 'Salve,'" &c.--Meaning of "Claret" + --"The Temple of Truth"--Wellborne Family + --Devonianisms--Humbug--George Miller, D.D. + --"A Letter to a Convocation Man"--Sheriffs + of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire--Ferdinand + Mendez Pinto--"Other-some" and "Unneath" + --Willow Pattern--Cross and Pile--Old Fogie + --Another odd Mistake--Spontaneous Combustion + --Erroneous Forms of Speech--Ecclesia Anglicana-- + Gloves at Fairs--The Sparrows at Lindholme, &c. 629 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 634 + + Notices to Correspondents 634 + + Advertisements 634 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +WITCHCRAFT IN SOMERSETSHIRE. + +Perhaps the following account of superstitions now entertained in some +parts of Somersetshire, will be interesting to the inquirers into the +history of witchcraft. I was lately informed by a member of my congregation +that two children living near his house were bewitched. I made inquiries +into the matter, and found that witchcraft is by far less uncommon than I +had imagined. I can hardly adduce the two children as an authenticated +case, because the medical gentleman who attended them pronounced their +illness to be a kind of ague: but I leave the two following cases on record +in "N. & Q." as memorable instances of witchcraft in the nineteenth +century. + +A cottager, who does not live five minutes' walk from my house, found his +pig seized with a strange and unaccountable disorder. He, being a sensible +man, instead of asking the advice of a veterinary surgeon, immediately went +to the white witch (a gentleman who drives a flourishing trade in this +neighbourhood). He received his directions, and went home and implicitly +followed them. In perfect silence, he went to the pigsty; and lancing each +foot and both ears of the pig, he allowed the blood to run into a piece of +common dowlas. Then taking two large pins, he pierced the dowlas in +opposite directions; and still keeping silence, entered his cottage, locked +the door, placed the bloody rag upon the fire, heaped up some turf over it, +and reading a few verses of the Bible, waited till the dowlas was burned. +As soon as this was done, he returned to the pigsty; found his pig +perfectly restored to health, and, _mirabile dictu!_ as the white witch had +predicted, the old woman, who it was supposed had bewitched the pig, came +to inquire after the pig's health. The animal never suffered a day's +illness afterwards. My informant was the owner of the pig himself. + +Perhaps, when I heard this story, there may have been a lurking expression +of doubt upon my face, so that my friend thought it necessary to give me +farther proof. Some time ago a lane in this town began to be looked upon +with a mysterious awe, for every evening a strange white rabbit {614} would +appear in it, and, running up and down, would mysteriously disappear. Dogs +were frequently put on the scent, but all to no purpose, the white rabbit +could not be caught; and rumours soon began to assert pretty confidently, +that the white rabbit was nothing more nor less than a witch. The man whose +pig had been bewitched was all the more confident; as every evening when +the rabbit appeared, he had noticed the bed-room window of his old enemy's +house open! At last a large party of bold-hearted men one evening were +successful enough to find the white rabbit in a garden, the only egress +from which is through a narrow passage between two cottages, all the rest +of the garden being securely surrounded by brick-walls. They placed a +strong guard in this entry to let nothing pass, while the remainder +advanced as skirmishers among the cabbages: one of these was successful, +and caught the white rabbit by the ears, and, not without some trepidation, +carried it towards the reserve in the entry. But, as he came nearer to his +friends, his courage grew; and gradually all the wrongs his poor pig had +suffered, took form and vigour in a powerful kick at the poor little +rabbit! No sooner had he done this than, he cannot tell how, the rabbit was +out of his grasp; the people in the entry saw it come, but could not stop +it; through them all it went, and has never been seen again. But now to the +proof of the witchcraft. The old woman, whom all suspected, was laid up in +her bed for three days afterwards, unable to walk about: all in consequence +of the kick she had received in the shape of a white rabbit! + +S. A. S. + +Bridgewater. + + * * * * * + + +"EMBLEMATA HORATIANA." + +Whatever may be proposed as to republishing works of English emblems, the +work published in Holland with the above title at all events deserves to be +better known. All the English works on the subject I ever saw, are poor +indeed compared with the above: indeed, I think most books of emblems are +either grounded or compiled from this interesting work; which is to the +artist a work of the deepest interest, since all the designs are by Otho +Venius, the master of Rubens. Not only are the morals conveyed lofty and +sound, but the figures are first-rate specimens of drawing. I believe it is +this work that Malone says Sir Joshua Reynolds learned to draw from: and if +he really did, he could have had nothing better, whatever age he might be. +"His principal fund of imitation," says Malone, "was Jacob Cat's book of +emblems, which his great-grandmother, by his father's side, who was a Dutch +woman, had brought with her from Holland." There is a small copy I think +published in England, but a very poor one: the original work, of which I +possess a portion only, is large, and engraved with great care. And I have +often thought it a pity such an admirable work should be so scarce and +little known. Whoever did it, it must have occupied many years, in those +slow days, to make the designs and engrave them. At the present day +lithography, or some of the easy modes of engraving, would soon multiply +it. The size of the engravings are rather more than seven inches. Many of +the figures have been used repeatedly by Rubens, and also some of the +compositions. And though he is certainly a better painter, he falls far +short in originality compared with his master; and, I may add, in richness +of material. I should say his chief works are to be found in that book. One +of my leaves is numbered 195: so I should judge the work to be very large, +and to embrace a variety of subjects. Some of the figures are worthy of +Raffaelle. I may instance one called the "Balance of Friendship." Two young +men have a balance between them; one side is filled with feathers, and the +other with weightier offerings: the meaning being, we should not allow +favours and gifts to come all from one side. The figures have their hands +joined, and appear to be in argument: their ample drapery is worthy of a +study for apostles. + +"Undertake nothing beyond your Strength" is emblemised by the giants +scaling the heavens: one very fine figure, full of action, in the centre, +is most admirably drawn. + +"Education and Habit" is another, full of meaning. Two dogs are running: +one after game, and another to a porringer. Some one has translated the +verses at the bottom on the back of the print as follows. This has a fine +group of figures in it: + + "When taught by man, the hound pursues + The panting stag o'er hill and fell, + With steadfast eyes he keeps in view + The noble game he loves so well. + A mongrel coward slinks away, + The buck, the chase, ne'er warms his soul; + No huntsman's cheer can make him stay, + He runs to nothing, but his porridge bowl. + + Throughout the race of men, 'tis still the same, + And all pursue a different kind of game. + Taverns and wine will form the tastes of some, + Others success in maids or wives undone. + To solid good, the wise pursues his way; + Nor for low pleasure ever deigns to stay. + Though in thy chamber all the live-long day, + In studious mood, you pass the hours away; + Or though you pace the noisy streets alone, + And silent watch day's burning orb go down; + _Nature_ to thee displays her honest page: + Read there--and see the follies of an age." + +The taste for emblemata appears to have passed by, but a good selection +would be I think received with favour; particularly if access could be +obtained to a good collection. And I should like to {615} see any addition +to the REV. J. CORSER's list in the Number of the 14th of May. + +WELD TAYLOR. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE CRITICISM. + +When I entered on the game of criticism in "N. & Q.," I deemed that it was +to be played with good humour, in the spirit of courtesy and urbanity, and +that, consequently, though there might be much worthless criticism and +conjecture, the result would on the whole be profitable. Finding that such +is not to be the case, I retire from the field, and will trouble "N. & Q." +with no more of my lucubrations. + +I have been led to this resolution by the language employed by MR. +ARROWSMITH in No. 189., where, with little modesty, and less courtesy, he +styles the commentators on Shakspeare--naming in particular, KNIGHT, +COLLIER, and DYCE, and including SINGER and all of the present +day--_criticasters_ who "stumble and bungle in sentences of that simplicity +and grammatical clearness as not to tax the powers of a third-form +schoolboy to explain." In order to bring _me_ "within his danger," he +actually transposes two lines of Shakspeare; and so, to the unwary, makes +me appear to be a very shallow person indeed. + + "It was gravely," says Mr. A., "almost magisterially, proposed by one + of the disputants [MR. SINGER] to corrupt the concluding lines by + altering _their_ the pronoun into _there_ the adverb, because (shade of + Murray!) the commentator could not discover of what noun _their_ could + possibly be the pronoun, in these lines following: + + 'When great things labouring perish in their birth, + Their form confounded makes most form in mirth;' + + and it was left to MR. KEIGHTLEY to bless the world with the + information that it was _things_." + +In all the modern editions that I have been able to consult, these lines +are thus printed and punctuated: + + "Their form confounded makes most form in mirth; + When great things labouring perish in the birth:" + +and _their_ is referred to _contents_. I certainly seem to have been the +first to refer it to _things_. + +Allow me, as it is my last, to give once more the whole passage as it is in +the folios, unaltered by MR. COLLIER's Magnus Apollo, and with my own +punctuation: + + "That sport best pleases, that doth least know how, + Where zeal strives to content, and the contents + Dyes in the zeal of that which it presents. + Their form confounded makes most form in mirth, + When great things labouring perish in the birth." + _Love's Labour's Lost_, Act V. Sc. 2. + +My interpretation, it will be seen, beside referring _their_ to _things_, +makes _dyes in_ signify _tinges_, _imbues with_; of which use of the +expression I now offer the following instances: + + "And the grey ocean _into purple dye_." + _Faery Queene_, ii. 10. 48. + + "Are deck'd with blossoms _dyed in white and red_." + _Ib._., ii. 12. 12. + + "_Dyed in_ the dying _slaughter_ of their foes." + _King John_, Act II. Sc. 2. + + "And it was _dyed in mummy_." + _Othello_, Act III. Sc. 4. + + "O truant Muse! what shall be thy amends + For thy neglect of truth _in beauty dyed_?" + Sonn. 101. + +For the use of this figure I may quote from the Shakspeare of France: + + "Mais pour moi, qui, cache sous une autre aventure, + D'une ame plus commune ai pris quelque _teinture_." + _Heraclius_, Act III. Sc. 1. + + "The house ought to _dye_ all the surrounding country with a strength + of colouring, and to an extent proportioned to its own + importance."--_Life of Wordsworth_, i. 355. + +Another place on which I had offered a conjecture, and which MR. A. takes +under his patronage, is "Clamor your tongues" (_Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. +4.) and in proof of _clamor_ being the right word, he quotes passages from +a book printed in 1542, in which are _chaumbreed_ and _chaumbre_, in the +sense of restraining. I see little resemblance here to _clamor_, and he +does not say that he would substitute _chaumbre_. He says, "Most +judiciously does Nares reject Gifford's corruption of this word into +_charm_ [it was Grey not Gifford]; nor will the suffrage of the 'clever' +old commentator," &c. It is very curious, only that we _criticasters_ are +so apt to overrun our game, that the only place where "charm your tongue" +really occurs, seems to have escaped MR. COLLIER. In _Othello_, Act V. Sc. +2., Iago says to his wife, "Go to, charm your tongue;" and she replies, "I +will not charm my tongue." My conjecture was that _clamor_ was _clam_, or, +as it was usually spelt, _clem_, to press or restrain; and to this I still +adhere. + + "When my entrails + Were _clemmed_ with keeping a perpetual fast." + Massinger, _Rom. Actor._, Act II. Sc. 1. + + "I cannot eat stones and turfs: say, what will he _clem_ me and my + followers?"--Jonson, _Poetaster_, Act I. Sc. 2. + + "Hard is the choice when the valiant must eat their arms or _clem_." + Id., _Every Man Out of his Humour_ Act III. Sc. 6. + +In these places of Jonson, _clem_ is usually rendered _starve_; but it +appears to me, from the kindred of the term, that it is used elliptically. +Perhaps, instead of "Till famine _cling_ thee" (_Macbeth_, Act V. Sc. 5.), +Shakspeare wrote "Till {616} famine _clem_ thee." While in the region of +conjecture, I will add that _coasting_, in _Troilus and Cressida_ (Act IV. +Sc. 5.), is, in my opinion, simply accosting, lopped in the usual way by +aphaeresis; and that "the still-peering air" in _All's Well that Ends Well_ +(Act III. Sc. 2.), is, by the same figure, "the still-appearing air," +_i. e._ the air that appears still and silent, but that yet "_sings_ with +piercing." + +One conjecture more, and I have done. I do not like altering the text +without absolute necessity; but there was always a puzzle to me in this +passage: + + "Where I find him, were it + At home, upon my brother's guard, even there, + Against the hospitable canon, would I + Wash my fierce hand in 's blood." + _Coriol._, Act I. Sc. 10. + +Why should Aufidius speak thus of a brother who is not mentioned anywhere +else in the play or in Plutarch? It struck me one day that Shakspeare +_might_ have written, "Upon my household hearth;" and on looking into +North's _Plutarch_, I found that when Coriolanus went to the house of +Aufidius, "he got him up straight to _the chimney-hearth_, and sate him +downe." The poet who adhered so faithfully to his _Plutarch_ may have +wished to preserve this image, and, _chimney_ not being a very poetic word, +may have substituted _household_, or some equivalent term. Again I say this +is all but conjecture. + +THOMAS KEIGHTLEY. + +P.S.--It is really very annoying to have to reply to unhandsome and unjust +accusations. The REV. MR. ARROWSMITH first transposes two lines of +Shakspeare, and then, by notes of admiration, holds me up as a mere +simpleton; and then A. E. B. charges me with having pirated from him my +explanation of a passage in _Love's Labour's Lost_, Act V. Sc. 2. Let any +one compare his (in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 297.) with mine (Vol. vii., p. +136.), and he will see the utter falseness of the assertion. _He_ makes +_contents_ the nom. to _dies_, taken in its ordinary sense (rather an +unusual concord). _I_ take _dyes_ in the sense of tinges, imbues with, and +make it governed of _zeal_. But perhaps it is to the full-stop at +_presents_ that the "that's my thunder!" applies. I answer, that that was a +necessary consequence of the sense in which I had taken _dies_, and that +_their_ must then refer to _things_ maugre MR. ARROWSMITH. And when he says +that I "do him the honour of requoting the line with which he had supported +it," I merely observe that it is the line immediately following, and that I +have eyes and senses as well as A. E. B. + +A. E. B. deceives himself, if he thinks that literary fame is to be +acquired in this way. I do not much approve either of the manner in which, +at least to my apprehension, in his opening paragraph, he seems to +insinuate a charge of forgery against MR. COLLIER. Finally, I can tell him +that he need not crow and clap his wings so much at his emendation of the +passage in _Lear_, for, if I mistake not, few indeed will receive it. It +may be nuts to him and MR. ARROWSMITH to know that they have succeeded in +driving my name out of the "N. & Q." + + * * * * * + + +RED HAIR A REPROACH. + +I do not know the why or the wherefore, but in every part of England I have +visited, there appears to be a deep-rooted prejudice in the eyes of the +million against people with red hair. Tradition, whether truly or not must +remain a mystery, assigns to Absalom's hair a reddish tinge; and Judas, the +traitorous disciple, is ever painted with locks of the same unhappy colour. +Shakspeare, too, seems to have been embued with the like morbid feeling of +distrust for those on whose hapless heads the invidious mark appeared. In +his play of _As You Like It_, he makes Rosalind (who is pettishly +complaining of her lover's tardiness coming to her) say to Celia: + + "_Ros._ His very hair is of the dissembling colour. + _Celia._ Something browner than Judas'." + +It will be apparent from this quotation, that in England, at any rate, the +prejudice spoken of is not of very recent development; and that it has not +yet vanished before the intellectual progress of our race, will, I think, +be painfully evident to many a bearer of this unenviable distinction. It +seems to be generally supposed, by those who harbour the doctrine, that +red-headed people are dissemblers, deceitful, and, in fact, not to be +trusted like others whose hair is of a different colour; and I may add, +that I myself know persons who, on that account alone, never admit into +their service any whose hair is thus objectionable. In Wales, _pen coch_ +(red head) is a term of reproach universally applied to all who come under +the category; and if such a wight should by any chance involve himself in a +scrape, it is the signal at once for a regular tirade against all who have +the misfortune to possess hair of the same fiery colour. + +I cannot bring myself to believe that there is any really valid foundation +for this prejudice; and certainly, if not, it were indeed a pity that the +superstitious feeling thus engendered is not at once and for ever banished +from the memory. + +T. HUGHES. + + * * * * * + + +EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS, 1714. + +_Daily Courant_, Jan. 9, 1714: + + "Rome, Dec. 16.--The famous painter, Carlo Maratta, died some days ago, + in the ninetieth year of his age." + +_The Post Boy_, Jan. 12-14, 1714.--_Old MSS. relating to Winchester._--In +the _Post Boy_, Jan. {617} 12-14, 1714, appears the following curious +advertisement: + + "_Winchester Antiquities_, written by Mr. Trussell, Dr. Bettes, and Mr. + Butler of St. Edmund's Bury, in one of which manuscripts is the + _Original of Cities_; which manuscripts were never published. If the + person who hath either of them, and will communicate, or permit the + same to be copied or perused, he is earnestly desired to give notice + thereof to Mr. Mathew Imber, one of the aldermen of the city of + Winchester, in the county of Southampton, who is compleating the idea + or description of the ancient and present state of that ancient city, + to be speedily printed; together with a faithful collection of all the + memorable and useful things relating to the same city." + +Gough, in his _Topography_, vol. i. p. 387., thus notices these MSS.: + + "Wood says (_Ath. Ox._, vol. i. p. 448.) that Trussell the historian, + who was alderman of Winchester, continued to Bishop Curll's time, 1632, + an old MS. history of the see and bishops in the Cathedral library. He + also wrote _A Description of the City of Winchester; with an Historical + Relation of divers memorable Occurrences touching the same_, and + prefixed to it _A Preamble of the Original of Cities in general_. In a + catalogue of the famous Robert Smith's books, sold by auction, 1682, + No. 24. among the MSS. has this identical title, by J. Trussell, fol., + and was purchased for twelve shillings by a Mr. Rothwell, a frequent + purchaser at this sale. The _Description_, &c., written by Trussell + about 1620, is now in the hands of John Duthy, Esq.; and from it large + extracts were made in _The History and Antiquities of Winchester_, + 1773. Bishop Nicolson guesses that it was too voluminous, and Bishop + Kennett that it was too imperfect to be published. + + "The former mentions something on the same subject by Dr. Bettes, whose + book is still in MS. + + "Dr. Butler, of St. Edmund's Bury, made observations on the ancient + monuments of this city under the Romans." + +E. G. BALLARD. + + [Trussell's MSS. are now in the library of Sir Thomas Phillipps.--ED.] + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Last Suicide buried at a Cross Road._--I have reason to believe that the +_last_ person subjected to this barbarous ceremony was the wretched +parricide and suicide Griffiths, who was buried at the cross road formed by +Eaton Street, Grosvenor Place, and the King's Road, as late as June, 1823. +I subjoin the following account from the _Chronicle_: + + "The extreme privacy which the officers observed, as to the hour and + place of interment, increased in a great degree the anxiety of those + that were waiting, and it being suspected that the body would have been + privately carried away, through the back part of the workhouse (St. + George's) into Farm Street Mews, and from thence to its final + destination, different parties stationed themselves at the several + passages through which it must unavoidably pass, in order to prevent + disappointment. All anxiety however, on this account, was ultimately + removed, by preparations being made for the removal of the body through + the principal entry of the workhouse leading into Mount Street, and + about half-past one o'clock the body was brought out in a shell + supported on the shoulders of four men, and followed by a party of + constables and watchmen. The solitary procession, which increased in + numbers as it went along, proceeded up Mount Street, down South Audley + Street into Stanhope Street, from thence into Park Lane through Hyde + Park Corner, and along Grosvenor Place, until its final arrival at the + cross road formed by Eaton Street, Grosvenor Place, and the King's + Road. When the procession arrived at the grave, which had been + previously dug, the constables arranged themselves around it to keep + the crowd off, upon which the shell was laid on the ground, and the + body of the unfortunate deceased taken out. It had on a winding-sheet, + drawers, and stockings, and a quantity of blood was clotted about the + head, and the lining of the shell entirely stained. The body was then + wrapped in a piece of Russia matting, tied round with some cord, and + then instantly dropped into the hole, which was about five feet in + depth: it was then immediately filled up, and it was gratifying to see + that that disgusting part of the ceremony of throwing lime over the + body, and driving a stake through it, was on this occasion dispensed + with. The surrounding spectators, consisting of about two hundred + persons, amongst whom were several persons of respectable appearance, + were much disgusted at this horrid ceremony." + +Imagine such scene in the "centre of civilisation" only thirty years ago! + +VINCENT T. STERNBERG. + +_Andrew's Edition of Freund's Latin Lexicon._--A singular plan seems to +have been pursued in this valuable lexicon in one point. Wherever the +meaning of a word in a certain passage is disputed, all reference to that +place is omitted! Here are a few examples of this "dodge" from one book, +Horace: + + _Subjectus._ Car. 1. 12. 55. + _Divido._ 1. 15. 15. + _Incola._ 1. 16. 5. _Vertex._ 3. 24. 6. + _Pars._ 2. 17. 18. _Tormentum._ 3. 21. 13. + _Laudo._ Ep. 11. 19. + _Offendo._ Ep. 15. 15. + _Octonus._ S. 1. 6. 75. + _AEra._ Ib. + _Duplex._ S. 2. 4. 63. + _Vulpecula._ Epist. 1. 7. 29. + _Proprius._ A. P. 128., &c. + +A. A. D. + +_Slang Expressions._--It would be curious to investigate farther how some +odd forms of expression of this kind have crept into, if not the English +language, at least into every-day parlance; and by _what classes of men_ +they have been introduced. I do not of course mean the vile _argot_, or St. +Giles' {618} Greek, prevalent among housebreakers and pick-pockets; though +a great deal of that is traceable to the Rommany or gipsy language, and +other sufficiently odd sources: but I allude more particularly to phrases +used by even educated men--such as "a regular mull," "bosh," "just the +cheese," &c. The first has already been proved an importation from our +Anglo-Indian friends in the pages of "N. & Q."; and I have been informed +that the other two are also exotics from the land of the Qui-Hies. _Bosh_, +used by us in the sense of "nonsense," "rubbish," is a Persian word, +meaning "dirt" and _cheese_, a corruption of a Hindostani word denoting +"thing:" which is exactly the sense of the expression I have quoted. "Just +the cheese," "quite the cheese," _i. e._ just the thing I require, quite +_comme il faut_, &c. + +Probably some of your correspondents could furnish other examples. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +"_Quem Deus vult perdere._"--In Croker's _Johnson_, vol. v. p. 60., the +phrase, "Quem Deus vult perdere, prius dementat," is stated to be from a +Greek _iambic_ of Euripides: + + "[Greek: Hon theos thelei apolesai prot' apophrenai]." + +This statement is made first by Mr. John Pitts, late Rector of Great +Brickhill, Bucks[1], to Mr. Richard How of Aspley, Beds, and is taken for +granted successively by Boswell, Malone, and Croker. But no such Greek is, +in fact, to be found in Euripides; the words conveying a like sentiment +are,-- + + "[Greek: Hotan de Daimon andri porsunei kaka], + [Greek: Ton noun eblapse proton]." + +The cause of this classical blunder of so many eminent annotators is, that +these words are not to be found in the usual college and school editions of +Euripides. The edition from which the above correct extract is made is in +ten volumes, published at Padua in 1743-53, with an Italian translation in +verse by P. Carmeli, and is to be found in vol. x. p. 268. as the 436-7th +verses of the _Tragedie incerte_, the meaning of which he thus gives in +prose "Quando vogliono gli Dei far perire alcuno, gli toglie la mente." + +T.J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +P.S.--In Croker's _Johnson_, vol. iv. p. 170., the phrase "_Omnia_ mea +mecum porto" is incorrectly quoted from _Val. Max._ vii. 2., instead of +"_Bona_ mea mecum porto." + +[Footnote 1: This gentleman is wrong in saying _demento_ is of no +authority, as it is found in Lactantius. (See Facciolati.)] + +_White Roses._--The paragraph quoted from "an old newspaper," dated +Saturday, June 15th, 1723, alludes to the commemoration of the birthday of +King James VIII. (the 10th of June), which was the Monday mentioned as that +before the Saturday on which the newspaper was published. All faithful +adherents of the House of Stuart showed their loyalty by wearing the white +rose (its distinguishing badge) on the 10th of June, when no other way was +left them of declaring their devotion to the exiled family; and, from my +own knowledge, I can affirm that there still exist some people who would +think that day desecrated unless they wore a white rose, or, when that is +not to be procured, a cockade of white ribbon, in token of their veneration +for the memory of him of whose birth it is the anniversary. + +L. M. M. R. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +"MERK LANDS" AND "URES."--NORWEGIAN ANTIQUITIES. + +In Shetland, at the present day, all public assessments are levied, and +divisions made, according to the number of merk lands in a parish. All +arable lands were anciently, under the Norwegian law, rated as _merks_,--a +merk containing eight _ures_. These merks are quite indefinite as to +extent. It is, indeed, clear that the ancient denomination of _merk land_ +had not reference to superficial extent of surface, but was a denomination +of value alone, in which was included the proportion of the surrounding +commonty or _scattald_. Merk lands are of different values, as sixpenny, +ninepenny, twelvepenny,--a twelvepenny merk having, formerly at least, been +considered equal to two sixpenny merks; and in some old deeds lands are +described as thirty merks sixpenny, otherwise fifteen merks twelvepenny +land. All assessments have, however, for a very long period, been levied +and all privileges apportioned, according to merks, without relation to +whether they were sixpenny or twelvepenny. The ancient rentals of Shetland +contain about fourteen thousand merks of land; and it will be noticed that, +however much the ancient inclosed land be increased by additional +improvements, the number of merks ought to be, and are, stationary. The +valued rent, divided according the merk lands, would make a merk land in +Shetland equal to 2l. Scots of valued rent. There are only one or two +places of Scotland proper where merks are in use,--Stirling and +Dunfermline, I think. As these two places were the occasional residences of +our ancient Scottish kings, it is possible this plan of estimating land may +have obtained there, to equalise and make better understood some +arrangements relating to land entered into between the kings of Norway and +Scotland. Possibly some of the correspondents of "N. & Q." in the north may +be able to throw some light on this subject. It was stated some time ago +that Dr. Munch, Professor in the University of Christiana, had presented to +the Society of Northern Archaeology, in {619} Copenhagen, a very curious +manuscript which he had discovered and purchased during a voyage to the +Orkneys and Shetland in 1850. The manuscript is said to be in good +preservation, and the form of the characters assigns the tenth, or perhaps +the ninth century as its date. It is said to contain, in the Latin tongue, +several episodes of Norwegian history, relating to important facts hitherto +unknown, and which throw much light on feudal tenures, holdings, +superstitions, omens, &c., which have been handed down to our day, with +their origin involved in obscurity, and on the darkness of the centuries +that preceded the introduction of Christianity into Norway. Has this +manuscript ever been printed? + +KIRKWALLENSIS. + + * * * * * + + +THE LEIGH PEERAGE, AND STONELEY ESTATES, WARWICKSHIRE. + +The fifth Lord Leigh left his estates to his sister, the Hon. Mary Leigh, +for her life, and at her decease without issue to "the first and nearest of +his kindred, being male, and of his name and blood," &c. On the death of +Mrs. Mary Leigh in 1806, the estates were taken possession of by her very +distant kinsman, the Rev. Thomas Leigh. The first person to dispute his +right to them was Mr. George Smith Leigh, who claimed them as being +descended from a _daughter_ of Sir Thomas Leigh, son of the first Baron +Leigh. His claim was not allowed, because he had the name of Leigh only _by +royal license, and not by inheritance_. Subsequently, the Barony of Leigh +was claimed by another Mr. George Leigh, of Lancashire, as descended from a +son of the Hon. Christopher Leigh (fourth son of the aforesaid Sir Thomas +Leigh), by his second wife. His claim was disallowed when heard by a +committee of the House of Lords in 1828, because he could not prove the +second marriage of Christopher Leigh, nor the birth of any son by such +marriage. + +Being about to print a genealogy of the Leigh family, I should be under an +obligation to any one who will, without delay furnish me with-- + +1st. The descent, with dates, of the aforesaid Mr. George _Smith_ Leigh +from Sir Thomas Leigh. + +2nd. The wife, and descendants to the present time, of the aforesaid Mr. +George Leigh. + +In return for this information I shall be happy to send my informant a copy +of the genealogy when it is printed. I give you my name and address. + +J. M. G. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Phillips Family._--Is there a family of Phillips now bearing the ancient +arms of William Phillips, Lord Bardolph: viz. Quarterly, gu. and az., in +the chief dexter quarter an eagle displayed or. + +H. G. S. + +_Engine-a-verge._--What is the _engine-a-verge_, mentioned by P. Daniel in +his _Hist. de la Milice Franc._, and what the origin of the name? + +CAPE. + +_Garrick's Funeral Epigram._--Who is the author of these verses? + + "Through weeping London's crowded streets, + As Garrick's funeral pass'd, + Contending wits and poets strove + Which should desert him last. + + "Not so this world behaved to Him + Who came this world to save; + By solitary Joseph borne + Unheeded to the grave." + +K. N. + +_The Rosicrucians._--I should be extremely glad of a little information +respecting "the Brethren of the Rosy Cross." Was there ever a regular +fraternity of philosophers bearing this appellation; or was it given merely +as a title to all students in alchemy? + +I should wish to obtain a list of works which might contain a record of +their studies and discoveries. I subjoin the few in my own library, which I +imagine to belong to this class. + + Albertus Magnus de Animalibus, libr. xxvi. fol. Venet. 1495. + + Albertus Magnus de Secretis Mulierum, de Virtutibus Herbarum, Lapidum + at Animalium. + + Albertus Magnus de Miribilibus Mundi, item. + + Michael Scotus de Secretis Naturae, 12mo., Lugd. 1584. + + Henr. Corn. Agrippa on the Vanitie of Sciences, 4to., London, 1575. + + Joann. Baptist. Van Helmont, Opera Omnina, 4to., Francofurti, 1682. + + Dr. Charleton, Ternary of Paradoxes, London, 1650. + +Perhaps some of your correspondents will kindly furnish me with notices of +other works by these writers, and by others who have written on similar +subjects, as Paracelsus, &c. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Passage in Schiller._--In the _Memoirs of a Stomach_, lately published, +the editor asks a question of you: "Is it Schiller who says, 'The +metaphysical part of love commences with the first sigh, and terminates +with the first kiss'?" I pray you look to the merry and witty and learned +little book, and respond to his Query. + +AMICUS. + +_Sir John Vanbrugh._--This eminent architect and poet of the last century +is stated by his biographers to have been "born in Cheshire." Can anybody +furnish me with the place and date of his birth? + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Historical Engraving._--I have an ancient engraving, size 143/4 in. wide and +113/4 in. high, without title or engraver's name, which I should be {620} +glad to authenticate. It appears to represent Charles II. at the Hague in +1660. + +The foreground is occupied by groups of figures in the costume of the +period. In the distance is seen a street in perspective, down which the +royal carriage is proceeding, drawn by six horses. On one side is a row of +horses, on the other an avenue of trees. To the right of this is a canal, +on the bank of which a battery of seven guns is firing a salute. The +opposite bank is occupied by public buildings. + +In the air a figure of Fame holds a shield charged with the royal arms of +England, surrounded by a garter, without the motto. Five cherubs in various +positions are dispersed around, holding respectively a globe, a laurel +crown, palm branches, &c., and a crowned shield bearing a lion rampant, and +a second with a stork, whose beak holds a serpent. + +A portion of the zodiacal circle, containing Libra, Scorpio, and +Sagittarius, marks, I suppose, the month in which the event took place. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Hall-close, Silverstone, Northamptonshire._--Adjoining the church-yard is +a greensward field called "Hall-close," which is more likely to be the site +of the mansion visited by the early kings of England, when hunting in +Whittlebury Forest, than the one mentioned by Bridles in his History of the +county. About 1798, whilst digging here, a fire-place containing ashes was +discovered; also many large wrought freestones. + +The well, close by, still retains the name of Hall-well; and there are +other things in the immediate vicinity which favour the supposition; but +can an extract from an old MS., as a will, deed, indenture, &c., be +supplied to confirm it? + +H. T. WAKE. + +Stepney. + +_Junius's Letters to Wilkes._--Where are the original letters addressed by +Junius to Mr. Wilkes? The editor of the _Grenville Papers_ says, "It is +uncertain in whose custody the letters now remain, many unsuccessful +attempts having been _recently_ made to ascertain the place of their +deposit." + +D. G. + +_The Reformer's Elm._--What was the origin of the name of "The Reformer's +Elm?" Where and what was it? + +C. M. T. + +Oare. + +_How to take Paint off old Oak._--Can any of your correspondents inform me +of some way to take paint off old oak? + +F. M. MIDDLETON. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Cadenus and Vanessa._--What author is referred to in the lines in Swift's +"Cadenus and Vanessa,"-- + + "He proves as sure as GOD's in Gloster, + That Moses was a grand impostor; + That all his miracles were tricks," &c.? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + + [These lines occur in the Dean's verses "On the Death of Dr. Swift," + and refer to Thomas Woolston, the celebrated heterodox divine, who, as + stated in a note quoted in Scott's edition, "for want of bread hath, in + several treatises, in the most blasphemous manner, attempted to turn + our Saviour's miracles in ridicule."] + +_Boom._--Is there an English verb active _to boom_, and what is the precise +meaning of it? Sir Walter Scott uses the participle: + + "The bittern _booming_ from the sedgy shallow." + _Lady of the Lake_, canto i. 31. + +VOGEL. + + [Richardson defines BOOM, v., applied as _bumble_ by Chaucer, and + _bump_ by Dryden, to the noise of the bittern, and quotes from Cotton's + _Night's Quatrains_,-- + + "Philomel chants it whilst it bleeds, + The bittern _booms_ it in the reeds," &c.] + +"_A Letter to a Member of Parliament._"--Who was the author of _A Letter to +a Member of Parliament_, occasioned by _A Letter to a Convocation Man_: W. +Rogers, London, 1697? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + + [Attributed to Mr. Wright, a gentleman of the Bar, who maintains the + same opinions with Dr. Wake.] + +_Ancient Chessmen._--I should be glad to learn, through the medium of "N. & +Q.," some particulars relative to the sixty-four chessmen and fourteen +draughtsmen, made of walrus tusk, found in the Isle of Lewis in Scotland, +and now in case 94. Mediaeval Collection of the British Museum? + +HORNOWAY. + + [See _Archaeologia_, vol. xxiv. p. 203., for a valuable article, + entitled "Historical Remarks on the introduction of the Game of Chess + into Europe, and on the ancient Chessmen discovered in the Isle of + Lewis, by Frederick Madden, Esq., F.R.S., in a Letter addressed to + Henry Ellis, Esq., F.R.S., Secretary."] + +_Guthryisms._--In a work entitled _Select Trials at the Old Bailey_ is an +account of the trial and execution of Robert Hallam, for murder, in the +year 1731. Narrating the execution of the criminal, and mentioning some +papers which he had prepared, the writer says: "We will not tire the +reader's patience with transcribing these prayers, in which we can see +nothing more than commonplace phrases and unmeaning _Guthryisms_." What +{621} is the meaning of this last word, and to whom does it refer? + +S. S. S. + + [James Guthrie was chaplain of Newgate in 1731; and the phrase + _Guthryisms_, we conjecture, agrees in common parlance with a later + saying, that of "stuffing _Cotton_ in the prisoner's ears."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +CORRESPONDENCE OF CRANMER AND CALVIN. + +(Vol. vii., p. 501.) + +The question put by C. D., respecting the existence of letters said to have +passed between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, and to exist in print at +Geneva, upon the seeming sanction given by our liturgy to the belief that +baptism confers regeneration, is a revival of an inquiry made by several +persons about ten years ago. It then induced M. Merle d'Aubigne to make the +search of which C. D. has heard; and the result of that search was given in +a communication from the Protestant historian to the editor of the +_Record_, bearing date April 22, 1843. + +I have that communication before me, as a cutting from the _Record_; but +have not preserved the date of the number in which it appeared[2], though +likely to be soon after its receipt by the editor. Merle d'Aubigne says, in +his letter, that both the printed and manuscript correspondence of Calvin, +in the public library of Geneva, had been examined in vain by himself, and +by Professor Diodati the librarian, for any such topic; but he declares +himself disposed to believe that the assertion, respecting which C. D. +inquires, arose from the following passage in a letter from Calvin to the +English primate: + + "Sic correctae sunt externae superstitiones, ut residui maneant innumeri + surculi, qui assidue pullulent. _Imo ex corruptelis papatus audio + relictum esse congeriem, quae non obscuret modo, sed propemodum obruat + purum et genuinum Dei cultum_." + +Part of this letter, but with important omissions, had been published by +Dean Jenkyns in 1833. (_Cranmer's Remains_, vol. i. p. 347.) M. d'Aubigne's +communication gave the whole of it; and it ought to have appeared in the +Parker Society volume of original letters relative to the English +Reformation. That volume contains one of Calvin's letters to the Protector +Somerset; but omits another, of which Merle d'Aubigne's communication +supplied a portion, containing this important sentence: + + "Quod ad formulam precum et rituum ecclesiasticorum, _valde probo ut + certa illa extet, a qua pastoribus discedere in functione sua non + liceat_, tam ut consulatur quorumdam simplicitati et imperitiae, quam ut + certius ita constet omnium inter se ecclesiarum consensus." + +Another portion of a letter from Calvin, communicated by D'Aubigne, is +headed in the _Record_ "Cnoxo et gregalibus, S. D.;" but seems to be the +one cited in the Parker Society, vol. ii. of _Letters_, pp. 755-6, notes +941, as a letter to Richard Cox and others; so that _Cnoxo_ should have +been Coxo. + +The same valuable communication farther contained the letter of Cranmer +inviting Calvin to unite with Melancthon and Bullinger in forming +arrangements for holding a Protestant synod in some safe place; meaning in +England, as he states more expressly to Melancthon. This letter, however, +had been printed entire by Dean Jenkyns, vol. i. p. 346.; and it is given, +with an English translation, in the Parker Society edition of _Cranmer's +Works_ as Letter CCXCVII., p. 431. It is important, as proving that Heylyn +stated what was untrue, _Eccles. Restaur._, p. 65.; where he has said, +"Calvin had offered his assistance to Archbishop Cranmer. But the +archbishop knew the man, and refused his offer." Instead of such an offer, +Calvin replied courteously and affectionately to Cranmer's invitation; but +says, "Tenuitatem meam facturam spero, ut mihi parcatur ... Mihi utinam par +studii ardori suppeteret facultas." This reply, the longest letter in their +correspondence, is printed in the note attached to Cranmer's letter (Park. +Soc., as above, p. 432.; and a translation of it in Park. Soc. _Original +Letters_, vol. ii. p. 711.: and there are extracts from it in Jenkyns, p. +346., n.p.). D'Aubigne gave it entire; but has placed both Calvin's letters +to the archbishop before the latter's epistle to him, to which they both +refer. + +HENRY WALTER. + +[Footnote 2: It appeared in the No. for May 15, 1849.--ED.] + + * * * * * + + +"POPULUS VULT DECIPI." + +(Vol. vii., p. 572.) + +If MR. TEMPLE will turn to p. 141. of Mathias Prideaux's _Easy and +Compendious Introduction for reading all Sorts of Histories_, 6th edit., +Oxford, 1682, small 4to., he will find his Query thus answered: + + "It was this Pope's [Paul IV.] Legate, _Cardinal Carafa_, that gave + this blessing to the devout Parisians, _Quandoquidem populus decipi + vult, decipiatur_. Inasmuch as this people _will_ be deceived, let them + be deceived." + +This book of Prideaux's is full of mottoes, of which I shall give a few +instances. Of Frederick Barbarosa "his saying was, _Qui nescit dissimulare, +nescit imperare_:" of Justinian "His word was, _Summum jus, summa +injuria_--The rigour of the law may prove injurious to conscience:" of +Theodosius II. "His motto was, _Tempori parendum_--We must fit us (as far +as it may be done with a good conscience) to the time wherein we live, with +Christian prudence:" of Nerva "His motto sums {622} up his excellencies, +_Mens bona regnum possidet_--My mind to me a kingdom is:" of Richard Coeur +de Lion, "The motto of _Dieu et mon droit_ is attributed to him; ascribing +the victory he had at Gisors against the French, not to himself, but to God +and His might." + +EIRIONNACH. + +Cardinal Carafa seems to have been the author of the above memorable +dictum. Dr. John Prideaux thus alludes to the circumstance: + + "Cardinalis (ut ferunt) quidam [Greek: meta polles phantasias] Lutetiam + aliquando ingrediens, cum instant importunius turbae ut benedictionem + impertiret: _Quandoquidem_ (inquit) _hic populus vult decipi, + decipiatur in nomine Diaboli_."--_Lectiones Novem_, p. 54.: Oxoniae, + 1625, 4to. + +I must also quote from Dr. Jackson: + + "Do all the learned of that religion in heart approve that commonly + reported saying of Leo X., '_Quantum profuit nobis fabula Christi_,' + and yet resolve (as Cardinal Carafa did, _Quoniam populus iste vult + decipi, decipiatur_) to puzzle the people in their + credulity?"--_Works_, vol. i. p. 585.: Lond. 1673, fol. + +The margin directs me to the following passage in Thuanus: + + "Inde Carafa Lutetiam regni metropolim tanquam Pontificis legatus + solita pompa ingreditur, ubi cum signum crucis, ut fit, ederet, + verborum, quae proferri mos est, loco, ferunt eum, ut erat securo de + numine animo et summus religionis derisor, occursante passim populo et + in genua ad ipsius conspectum procumbente, saepius secreta murmuratione + haec verba ingeminasse: _Quandoquidem populus iste vult decipi, + decipiatur_."--_Histor._, lib. xvii., ad ann. 1556, vol. i. p. 521.: + Genevae, 1626, fol. + +ROBERT GIBBINGS. + + * * * * * + + +LATIN--LATINER. + +(Vol. vii., p. 423.) + +Latin was likewise used for the language or song of birds: + + "E cantino gli angelli + Ciascuno in suo _Latino_." + _Dante_, canzone i. + + "This faire kinges doughter Canace, + That on hire finger bare the queinte ring, + Thurgh which she understood wel every thing + That any foule may in his _leden_ sain, + And coude answere him in his _leden_ again, + Hath understonden what this faucon seyd." + Chaucer, _The Squieres Tale_, 10746. + +Chaucer, it will be observed, uses the Anglo-Saxon form of the word. +_Leden_ was employed by the Anglo-Saxons in the sense of language +generally, as well as to express the Latin tongue. + +In the German version of Sir Tristram, Latin is also used for the song of +birds, and is so explained by Ziemann: + + "_Latin_, Latein; fuer jede fremde eigenthuemliche Sprache, selbst fuer + den _Vogelgesang_. Tristan und Isolt, 17365."--Ziemann, + _Mittelhochdeutsches Woerterbuch_. + +Spenser, who was a great imitator of Chaucer, probably derives the word +_leden_ or _ledden_ from him: + + "Thereto he was expert in prophecies, + And could the _ledden_ of the gods unfold." + _The Faerie Queene_, book iv. ch. xi. st. 19. + + "And those that do to Cynthia expound + The _ledden_ of straunge languages in charge." + _Colin Clout_, 744. + +In the last passage, perhaps, _meaning, knowledge_, best expresses the +sense. _Ledden_ may have been one of the words which led Ben Jonson to +charge Spenser with "affecting the ancients." However, I find it employed +by one of his cotemporaries, Fairfax: + + "With party-colour'd plumes and purple bill, + A wond'rous bird among the rest there flew, + That in plain speech sung love-lays loud and shrill, + Her _leden_ was like human language true." + Fairfax's _Tasso_, book xvi. st. 13. + +The expression _lede, in lede_, which so often occurs in Sir Tristram, may +also have arisen from the Anglo-Saxon form of the word _Latin_. Sir W. +Scott, in his Glossary, explains it: "_Lede, in lede. In language_, an +expletive, synonymous to _I tell you_." The following are a few of the +passages in which it is found: + + "Monestow neuer in _lede_ + Nought lain."--Fytte i. st. 60. + + "In _lede_ is nought to layn, + He set him by his side."--Fytte i. st. 65. + + "Bothe busked that night, + To Beliagog in _lede_."--Fytte iii. st. 59. + +It is not necessary to descant on thieves' Latin, dog-Latin, _Latin de +Cuisine_, &c.; but I should be glad to learn when dog-Latin first appeared +in our language. + +E. M. B. + +Lincoln. + + * * * * * + + +JACK. + +(Vol. vii., p. 326.) + +The list of _Jacks_ supplied by your correspondent JOHN JACKSON is amusing +and curious. A few additions towards a complete collection may not be +altogether unacceptable or unworthy of notice. + +Supple (usually pronounced souple) _Jack_, a flexible cane; _Jack_ by the +hedge, a plant (_Erysimum cordifolium_); the _jacks_ of a harpsichord; +_jack_, an engine to raise ponderous bodies (Bailey); _Jack_, the male of +birds of sport (Ditto); _Jack_ of Dover, a joint twice dressed (Ditto, from +Chaucer); _jack_ pan, used by barbers (Ditto); _jack_, a frame used by +sawyers. I have also noted _Jack_-Latin, _Jack_-a-nod, but cannot give +their authority or meaning. {623} + +The term was very familiar to our older writers. The following to Dodsley's +_Collection of old Plays_ (1st edition, 1744) may assist in explaining its +use: + + Vol. I.--Page 45. Jack Strawe. + Page 65. New Jack. + Page 217. Sir Jacke. + Page 232. Jack Fletcher. + Page 263. Jacknapes. + Page 271. Jack Sauce. + + Vol. II.--Page 139. Clapper Jack. + + Vol. III.--Page 34. Prating Jack. + Page 64. Jack-a-lent. + Page 168. His Jacks. + Page 214. Black Jacks. + + Vol. V.--Page 161. Every Jack. + Page 341. Skip-Jack. + + Vol. VI.--Page 290. Jack Sauce. + Page 325. Flap-Jacks. + Page 359. Whirling Jacks. + + Vol. VIII.--Page 55. Jack Sauce. + + Vol. X.--Pages 46. 49. His Jack. + +Your correspondent is perhaps aware that Dr. Johnson is disposed to +consider the derivation from _John_ to be an error, and rather refers the +word to the common usage of the French word Jacques (James). His conjecture +seems probable, from many of its applications in this language. _Jacques_, +a jacket, is decidedly French; _Jacques_ de mailles equally so; and the +word _Jacquerie_ embraces all the catalogue of virtues and vices which we +connect with our _Jack_. + +On the other hand, _John_, in his integrity, occurs familiarly in _John_ +Bull, _John_-a-Nokes, _John_ Doe, _John_ apple, _John_ Doree, Blue _John_, +_John_ Trot, _John's_ Wort, _John_-a-dreams, &c.; and Poor _John_ is found +in Dodsley, vol. viii. pp. 197. 356. + +C. H. P. + +Brighton. + + * * * * * + + +PASSAGE IN ST. JAMES. + +(Vol. vii., p. 549) + +On referring to the passage cited by S. S. S. in Bishop Taylor's _Holy +Dying_, vol. iv. p. 345. (Heber's edit.), I find I had marked two passages +in St. James's Epistle as being those to which, in all probability, the +bishop alluded; one in the first chapter, and one in the third. In the +commencement of his Epistle St. James exhorts his hearers to exercise +patience in all the worldly accidents that might befal them; to resign +themselves into God's hands, and accept in faith whatever might happen. He +then proceeds: + + "If any of you lack wisdom" (prudentia ad dijudicandum quid in singulis + circumstantiis agendum sit--_Grotius_), "let him ask of God" (postulet + ab eo, qui dat, nempe Deo: ut intelligas non aliunde petendum + sapientiam.--_Erasmus_). + +Again, in chap. iii. 13., he asks: + + "Who is a wise man, and endued with knowledge among you" ([Greek: + epistemon], _i. e._ sciens, sive scientia praeditus, quod recentiores + vocant scientificus.--_Erasmus_). + +He bids him prove his wisdom by submission to the truth; for that cunning +craftiness which manifests itself only in generating heresies and +contentions, is-- + + "Not from above," [Greek: all' epigeios, Psuchike ] (animalis,--ista + sapientia a natura est, non a Deo) [Greek: daimoniodes].--_Vid._ Eph. + ii. 2., and 2 Cor. iv. 4. + +These passages would naturally afford ample scope for the exuberant fancy +of ancient commentators; and it is not unreasonable to suppose that Bishop +Taylor may have had the remarks of one of these writers running in his +mind, when he quoted St. James as reprobating, with such minuteness of +detail, the folly of consulting oracles, spirits, sorcerers, and the like. + +I have not, at present, access to any of the commentators to whom I allude; +so I am unable to confirm this suggestion. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +There is no uncanonical epistle attributed to this apostle, although the +one received by the English from the Greek and Latin churches was +pronounced uncanonical by Luther. The passage to which Jeremy Taylor +refers, is iv. 13, 14., which he interpreted as referring to an unlawful +inquiry into the future: + + "Go to now, ye that say, To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a + city and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain: whereas + ye know not what shall be on the morrow: for what is your life? It is + even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth + away." + +Hug (Wait's Trans., vol. ii. p. 579.) considers the apostle as reproving +the Jews for attempting to evade the national punishment threatened them, +by removing out of their own country of Judaea. Probably, however, neither +Taylor nor Hug are correct in departing from the more obvious +signification, which refers to the mercantile character of the twelve +tribes (i. 1.), arising mainly out of the fact of their captivities and +dispersions ([Greek: diasporai]). The practice is still common in the East +for merchants on a large and small scale to spend a whole season or year in +trafficking in one city, and passing thence to another with the varied +products suitable respectively to each city; and such products were +interchanged without that extreme division of labour or despatch which the +magnitude of modern commerce requires. The whole passage, from James iv. +13. to v. 6. inclusive, must be taken as specially applicable to the sins +of mercantile men whose _works_ of righteousness St. James (iii. 17-20.) +declared to be wanting, in proof of their holding the _faith_ necessary, +{624} according, to St. Paul (Rom. iii. 27.), for their salvation. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + +FAITHFULL TEATE. + +(Vol. vii., p. 529.) + +The _Ter Tria_[3], about which your correspondent J. S. inquires, is +neither a rare nor a very valuable book; and if his copy has cost him more +than some three and sixpence, it is a poor investment of capital. Mine, +which is of the second edition, 1669, has the following book-note: + + "The worthy Faithfull Teate indulges himself in the then prevailing bad + taste of _anagramising_ his name: see the result after the title. A + better play upon his name is that of Jo. Chishull, who, in lashing the + prophane wits of the day, and eulogising the author, has the following + comical allusion thereto: + + 'Let all wise-hearted sav'ring things divine + _Come suck this_ TEAT that yields both milk and wine, + Loe depths where elephants may swim, yet here + The weakest lamb of Christ wades without fear.'" + +The _Ter Tria_ was originally published in 1658; its author, F. T., was the +father of the better known Nahum Tate, the co-translator of the last +authorised version of the Psalms,--a _Teat_ which, following the metaphor +of Mr. Chishull, has nourished not a few generations of the godly, but now, +like a sucked orange, thrown aside for the more juicy productions of our +modern Psalmists. Old Teate (or Tate, as the junior would have it) is +styled in this book, "preacher at Sudbury." He seems subsequently to have +removed to Ireland, where his son Nahum, the laureat, was born. + +J. O. + +[Footnote 3: "Ter Tria; or the Doctrine of the Three Sacred Persons: +Father, Son, and Spirit. Principal Graces: Faith, Hope, and Love. Main +Duties: Prayer, Hearing, and Meditation. Summarily digested for the +Pleasure and Profit of the pious and ingenious Reader. By F. T. Tria sunt +omnia."] + + * * * * * + + +PARVISE. + +(Vol. viii., p. 528.) + +_Parvise_ seems to have been a porch, used as a school or place for +disputation. The _parvise_ mentioned in the Oxford "Little-Go" +(Responsions) Testamur is alluded to in Bishop Cooper's book against +Private Mass (published by the Parker Society). He ridicules his opponent's +arguments as worthy of "a sophister in the parvyse schools." The +Serjeant-at-law, in Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims, had been often at the +_paruise_. In some notes on this character in a number of the _Penny +Magazine_ for 1840 or 1841, it is farther remarked that the choristers of +Norwich Cathedral were formerly taught in the _parvise_, _i. e._ porch. The +chamber over a porch in some churches may have been the school meant. +Instances of this arrangement were to be found at Doncaster Church (where +it was used as a library), and at Sherborne Abbey Church. The porch here +was Norman, and the chamber Third Pointed; and at the restoration lately +effected the pitch of the roof was raised, and the chamber removed. + +B. A. OXON. + +Oxford University. + +I believe that the _parvisus_, or _paradisus_ of the Responsions Testamur, +is the _pro-scholium_ of the divinity school, otherwise called the +"pig-market," from its site having been so occupied up to the year 1554. +This is said to be the locality in which the Responsions were formerly +held. + +It is ordered by the statutes, tit. vi.,-- + + "Quod priusquam quis ad Gradum Baccalaurei in Artibus admittatur, in + Parviso semel Quaestionibus Magistrorum Scholarum respondeat." + +However, they go on to direct, "Locus hisce Responsionibus assignetur +Schola Metaphysices;" and there they are at present held. (See the Glossary +to Tyrwhitt's _Chaucer_; and also Parker's _Glossary of Architecture_, ad +voc. "Parvise.") + +CHEVERELLS. + +The term _parvise_, though used in somewhat different senses by old +writers, appears to mean strictly a _porch_ or _antechamber_. Your +correspondent OXONIENSIS will find in Parker's _Glossary_ ample information +respecting this word, with references to various writers, showing the +different meanings which have been attached to it. "Responsions," or the +preliminary examinations at Oxford, are said to be held _in parviso_; that +is, in the porch, as it were, or antechamber before the schools, which are +the scene of the greater examinations for the degree. + +H. C. K. + +If your correspondent will refer to the word _Parvisium_, in the Glossary +at the end of Watt's edition of Matthew Paris, he will find a good deal of +information. To this I will add that the word is now in use in Belgium in +another sense. I saw some years since, and again last summer, in a street +leading out of the Grande Place, by one side of the Halle at Bruges, on a +house, this notice,-- + + "IN PERVISE + VERKOOPT MEN DRANK." + +D. P. + +Begbrook. + + * * * * * + + +THE COENACULUM OF LIONARDO DA VINCI. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 524, 525.) + +MR. SMIRKE's paper, questioning the received opinion as to the points of +time and circumstance {625} expressed in this celebrated fresco, contains +the following sentence: + + "The work in question is now so generally accessible, through the + medium of _accurate_ engravings, that any one may easily exercise his + own judgment on the matter." + +Having within no very distant period spent an hour or two in examining the +original, with copies lying close at hand for the purposes of comparison, +allow me to offer you a few impressions of which, while fresh, I "made a +note" in an interleaved copy of Bishop Burnet's curious _Tour in Italy_, +which served me as a journal while abroad. Burnet mentions the Dominican +Convent at Milan as in his day "very rich." My note is as follows: + + "The Dominican convent is now suppressed. It is a cavalry barracks: + dragoons have displaced Dominicans. There is a fine cupola to the + church, the work of Bramante: in the salle or refectory of this convent + was discovered, since Burnet's time, under a coat of wash or plaster, + the celebrated fresco of Lionardo da Vinci, now so well known to the + world by plates and copies, better finished than the original ever was, + in all probability; certainly better than it is now, after abuse, + neglect, damp, and, worst of all, _restoring_, have done their joint + work upon it. A visit to this fresco disenchants one wonderfully. It is + better to be satisfied with the fine engravings, and let the original + live in its ideal excellence. The copyists have taken some liberties, + of which these strike me as the chief: + + "First, The Saviour's head is put more on one side, in what I would + call a more languishing position than its actual one. + + "Second, the expression of the figure seated at his left hand is quite + changed. In the copies it is a grave, serious, fine face: in the + original, though now indistinct, it evidently expressed 'open-mouthed + horror' at the declaration, 'One of you shall betray me.' + + "Third, Judas in all copies is identified not only by the held bag of + money, but by the overturned saltcellar at his elbow. This last is not + in the original. + + "The whole fresco, though now as well kept as may be, seems spoiling + fast. There is a Crucifixion at the other end of the same hall, in much + better preservation, though of the same date; and the doorway which the + tasteful Dominicans cut in the wall, through the bottom of the + painting, is, though blocked up, still quite visible. It is but too + probable that the monks valued the absurd and hideous frescoes in the + cloisters outside, representing Saint Dominic's miracles! and the + Virgin fishing souls out of purgatory with a rosary, beyond Lionardo's + great work." + +So far my original note, written without supposing that the received idea, +as to the subject of the picture, had ever been questioned. In reference to +the question raised, however, I will briefly say, that, as recollection +serves me, it would require a well-sustained criticism to convince me that +the two disciples at the Saviour's right hand were not designed to express +the point of action described in the 23rd and 24th verses of chapter xiii. +of St. John's Gospel. Possibly MR. SMIRKE might favour us with the argument +of his MSS. on the group. + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + + * * * * * + + +FONT INSCRIPTIONS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 408.) + +I have in my note-book the following entries:-- + +Kiddington, Oxon.: + + "This sacred Font Saint Edward first receaved, + From womb to grace, from grace to glory went + His virtuous life. To this fayre isle beqveth'd. + Prase ... and to vs bvt lent. + Let this remaine the trophies of his fame; + A King baptized from hence a Saint became. + + "This Fonte came from the King's Chapell in Islip." + +Newark, round the base in black letter: + + "Suis . Natis . sunt . Deo . hoc . Fonte . Renati . erunt." + +On a pillar adjoining the font is a brass tablet with this inscription: + + "This Font was demolished by the Rebels, May 9, 1646, and rebuilt by + the charity of Nicholas Ridley in 1660." + +Kirton, Lincoln: + + "Orate pro aia Alauni Burton qui fontem istum fieri fec. A.D. MCCCCV." + +Clee, Lincoln: + + "The Font is formed of two cylindrical parts, one placed upon the + other, over which, in the shaft of the circular column, is inlaid a + small piece of marble, with a Latin inscription in Saxon characters, + referring to the time of King Richard, and stating it was dedicated to + the Holy Trinity and St. Mary, by Hugh Bishop of Lincoln, A.D. 1192." + +The above are extracts from books, not copied by me from the fonts. + +F. B. RELTON. + +At Threckingham, Lincolnshire, round the base of the font-- + + "Ave Maria gratis . p . d . t." + +At Little Billing, Northamptonshire,-- + + "Wilberthus artifex atq; cementarius hunc fabricavit, quisquis suum + venit mergere corpus procul dubio capit." + +J. P., Jun. + +To the list of these should be added the early English font at Keysoe, +Beds., noticed in the _Ecclesiologist_, vol. i. p. 124., and figured in Van +Voorst's _Baptismal Fonts_. It bears the legend in Norman French: + + + "Trestui: ke par hiei passerui + Pur le alme Warel prieui: + Ke Deu par sa grace + Verrey merci li face. A[=m]." + +{626} Or, in modern French: + + "Restez: qui par ici passerez + Pour l'ame de Warel priez: + Que Dieu par sa grace + Vraie merci lui fasse. Amen." + +CHEVERELLS. + + * * * * * + + +BURN AT CROYDON. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 238. 393.) + +The bourne at Croydon is one of the most remarkable of those intermitting +springs which issue from the upper part of the chalk strata after +long-continued rains. + +All porous earth-beds are reservoirs of water, and give out their supplies +more or less copiously according to their states of engorgement; and at +higher or lower levels, as they are more or less replenished by rain. Rain +percolates through the chalk rapidly at all times, it being greatly +fissured and cavernous, and finds vent at the bottom of the hills, in +ordinary seasons, in the perennial springs which issue there, at the top of +the chalk marl, or of the galt (the clay so called) which underlies the +chalk. But when long-continued rains have filled the fissures and caverns, +and the chinks and crannies of the ordinary vents below are unequal to the +drainage, the reservoir as it were overflows, and the superfluity exudes +from the valleys and gullies of the upper surface; and these occasional +sources continue to flow till the equilibrium is restored, and the +perennial vents suffice to carry off the annual supply. Some approach to +the full engorgement here spoken of takes place annually in many parts of +the chalk districts, where springs break out after the autumnal and winter +rains, and run themselves dry again in the course of a few months, or maybe +have intermissions of a year or two, when the average falls are short. +Thence it is we have so many "Winterbournes" in the counties of Wilts, +Hants, and Dorset; as Winterbourne-basset, Winterbourne-gunner, +Winterbourne-stoke, &c. (Vide Lewis's _Topog. Dict._) The highest sources +of the Test, Itchen, and some other of our southern rivers which take their +rise in the chalk, are often dry for months, and their channels void of +water for miles; failing altogether when the rains do not fill the +neighbouring strata to repletion. + +In the case of long intermissions, such as occur to the Croydon bourne, it +is not wonderful that the sudden appearance of waters in considerable +force, where none are usually seen to flow, should give rise to +superstitious dread of coming evils. Indeed, the coincidence of the running +of the bourne, a wet summer, a worse sowing-season, and a wet cold spring, +may well inspire evil forebodings, and give a colourable pretext for such +apprehensions as are often entertained on the occurrence of any unusual +natural phenomenon. These intermittent rivulets have no affinity, as your +correspondent E. G. R. supposes, to subterraneous rivers. The nearest +approach to this kind of stream is to be found in the Mole, which sometimes +sinks away, and leaves its channel dry between Dorking and Leatherhead, +being absorbed into fissures in the chalk, and again discharged; these +fissures being insufficient to receive its waters in times of more copious +supply. The subterraneous rivers of more mountainous countries are also not +to be included in the same category. They have a history of their own, to +enlarge on which is not the business of this Note: but it may not be +irrelevant to turn the attention for a moment to the use of the word +_bourne_ or _burn_. The former mode of spelling and pronouncing it appears +to prevail in the south, and the latter in the north of England and in +Scotland; both alike from the same source as the _brun_ or _brunen_ of +Germany. The perennial bourne so often affords a convenient natural +geographical boundary, and a convenient line of territorial division, that +by an easy metonymy it has established itself in our language in either +sense, signifying streamlet or boundary-line,--as witness the well-known +lines: + + "That undiscovered country, from whose bourne + No traveller returns."--_Shakspeare._ + + "I know each lane, and every alley green, + And every bosky bourn from side to side."--_Milton._ + +M. + + * * * * * + + +CHRISTIAN NAMES. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488, 489.) + +The opinion of your correspondents, that instances of persons having more +than one Christian name before the last century are, at least, very rare, +is borne out by the learned Camden, who, however, enables me to adduce two +earlier instances of polyonomy than those cited by J. J. H.: + + "Two Christian names," says he (_Remaines concerning Britaine_, p. + 44.), "are rare in England, and I onely remember now his majesty, who + was named Charles James, and the prince his sonne Henry Frederic; and + among private men, Thomas Maria Wingfield, and Sir Thomas Posthumous + Hobby." + +The custom must have been still rare at the end of the eighteenth century, +for, as we are informed by Moore in a note to his _Fudge Family in Paris_ +(Letter IV.): + + "The late Lord C. (Castlereagh?) of Ireland had a curious theory about + names; he held that _every_ man with _three_ names was a Jacobin. His + instances in Ireland were numerous; Archibald Hamilton Rowan, Theobald + Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, John Philpot Curran, &c.: and in + England he produced as examples, Charles James Fox, Richard Brinsley + {627} Sheridan, John Horne Tooke, Francis Burdett Jones," &c. + +Perhaps the noble lord thought with Sterne in _Tristram Shandy_, though the +_nexus_ is not easy to discover, that "there is a strange kind of magic +bias, which good or bad names irresistibly impose upon our character and +conduct," or perhaps he had misread that controverted passage in Plautus +(_Aulular._ Act II. Sc. 4.): + + "Tun' _trium literarum_ homo + Me vituperas? _Fur._" + +The custom is now almost universal; and as, according to Camden (_Remaines, +&c._, p. 96.), + + "Shortly after the Conquest it seemed a disgrace for a gentleman to + have but one single name, as the meaner sort and bastards had," + +so now, the _tria nomina nobiliorum_ have become so common, as to render +the epigram upon a certain M. L-P. Saint-Florentin, of almost universal +applicability as a neat and befitting epitaph. + + "On ne lui avait pas epargne," says the biographer of this gentleman + (_Biographie Universelle_, tom. xxxix. p. 573.), "les epigrammes de son + vivant; il en parut encore contre lui au moment de sa mort; en voici + une:-- + + 'Ci git un petit homme a l'air assez commun, + Ayant porte _trois noms_, et n'en laissant _aucun_.'" + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + +Leopold William Finch, fifth son of Heneage, second Earl of Nottingham, +born about the year 1662, and afterwards Warden of All Souls, is an earlier +instance of an English person with two Christian names than your +correspondent J. J. H. has noticed. + +J. B. + + * * * * * + + +WEATHER RULES. + +(Vol. vii., p. 522.) + +Your correspondent J. A., JUN., makes a Note and asks a question regarding +a popular opinion prevalent in Worcestershire, on the subject of a +"Sunday's moon," as being one very much addicted to rain. In Sussex that +bad repute attaches to the moon that changes on Saturday: + + "A Saturday's moon, + If it comes once in seven years, it comes too soon." + +It may be hoped that the time is not far distant when a scientific +meteorology will dissipate the errors of the traditional code now in +existence. Of these errors none have greater or more extensive prevalence +than the superstitions regarding the influence of the moon on the +atmospheric phenomena of wet and dry weather. Howard, the author of _The +Climate of London_, after twenty years of close observation, could not +determine that the moon had any perceptible influence on the weather. And +the best authorities now follow, still more decidedly, in the same train. + +"The change of the moon," the expression in general use in predictions of +the weather, is idly and inconsiderately used by educated people, without +considering that in every phase that planet is the same to us, as a +material agent, except as regards the power of reflected light; and no one +supposes that moonlight produces wet or dry. Why then should that point in +the moon's course, which we agree to call "the new" when it begins to +emerge from the sun's rays, have any influence on our weather. Twice in +each revolution, when in conjunction with the sun at new, and in opposition +at the full, an atmospheric spring-tide may be supposed to exist, and to +exert some sort of influence. But the existence of any atmospheric tide at +all is denied by some naturalists, and is at most very problematical; and +the absence of regular diurnal fluctuations of the barometric pressure +favours the negative of this proposition. But, granting that it were so, +and that the moon, in what is conventionally called the beginning of its +course, and again in the middle, at the full, did produce changes in the +weather, surely the most sanguine of _rational lunarians_ would discard the +idea of one moon differing from another, except in relation to the season +of the year; or that a new moon on the Sabbath day, whether Jewish or +Christian, had any special quality not shared by the new moons of any other +days of the week. + +Such a publication as "N. & Q." is not the place to discuss fully the +question of lunar influence. Your correspondent J. A., JUN., and all +persons who have inconsiderately taken up the popular belief in +moon-weather, will do well to consult an interesting article on this +subject (I believe attributed to Sir D. Brewster) in _The Monthly +Chronicle_ for 1838; and this will also refer such inquirers to Arago's +_Annuaire_ for 1833. There may be later and completer disquisitions on the +lunar influences, but they are not known to me. + +M. + + * * * * * + + +ROCOCO. + +(Vol. i., pp. 321. 356.) + +This word is now receiving a curious illustration in this colony of French +origin. _Rococo_--antiquated, old-fashioned--would seem to have become +_rococo_ itself; and in its place the negroes have adopted the word +_entete_, wilful, headstrong, to express, as it were, the persistence of a +person in retaining anything that has gone out of fashion. This term was +first applied to white hats; and the wearers of such have been assailed +from every corner of the streets with the cry of "Entete chapeau!" It was +next applied to umbrellas of a {628} strange colour (the varieties of which +are almost without number in this country of the sun); and it has now been +extended to every article of wearing apparel of an unfashionable or +peculiar shape. A negro woman, appearing with a blue umbrella, has been +followed by half a dozen black boys with the cry of "Entete parasol!" and +in order to get rid of the annoyance she had to shut the umbrella and +continue her way under the broiling sun. But the term is not always used in +derision. A few days ago, a young girl of colour, dressed in the extreme of +the fashion, was passing along, when some bystanders began to rally her +with the word "Entete." The girl, perceiving that she was the object of +their notice, turned round, and in an attitude of conscious +irreproachableness, retorted with the challenge in Creole French, "Qui +entete ca?" But the smiles with which she was greeted showed her (what she +had already partly suspected) that their cries of "Entete" were intended +rather to compliment her on the style of her dress. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. + +(Vol. vii., p. 41.) + +I am gratified to see that MR. HARDY's documentary researches have +confirmed my conjectures as to the erroneous date assigned for the death of +the first husband of Jane Beaufort. Perhaps it may be in his power also to +rectify a chronological error, which has crept into the account usually +given of the family into which one of her sons married. The Peerages all +place the death of the last Lord Fauconberg of the original family in 1376, +not observing that this date would make his daughter and heiress married to +William Nevill, second son of the Earl of Westmoreland and Countess Joane, +twenty-five years at the lowest computation; or, if we take the date which +they assign for the death of Lord Ferrers of Wemme, forty years older than +her husband,--a difference this, which, although perhaps it might not prove +an insuperable impediment to marriage where the lady was a great heiress, +would undoubtedly put a bar on all hopes of issue: whereas it stands on +record that they had a family. + +I must take this opportunity of complaining of the manner in which many, if +not all these Peerages, are compiled: copying each others' errors, however +obvious, without a word of doubt or an attempt to rectify them; though MR. +HARDY's communication, above mentioned, shows that the materials for doing +so, in many cases, exist if properly sought. Not to mention minor errors, +they sometimes crowd into a given time more generations than could have +possibly existed, and sometimes make the generations of a length that has +not been witnessed since the patriarchal ages. As instances of the former +may be mentioned, the pedigree of the Ferrerses, Earls of Derby (in which +eight successions from father to son are given between 1137 and 1265), and +those of the Netterville and Tracy families: and of the latter, the +pedigree of the Fitzwarines, which gives only four generations between the +Conquest and 1314; and that of the Clanricarde family. It is strange that +Mr. Burke, who appears to claim descent from the latter, did not take more +pains to rectify a point so nearly concerning him; instead of making, as he +does in his Peerage, one of the family to have held the title (MacWilliam +Eighter) and estates for 105 years!--an absurdity rendered still more +glaring by this long-lived gentleman's father having possessed them +fifty-four years before him, and his son for fifty-six years after him. If +such can be supposed true, the Countess of Desmond's longevity was not so +unusual after all. + +J. S. WARDEN. + + * * * * * + + +THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM. + +(Vol. vii., p. 407.) + +May I be allowed to inform your correspondent R. L. P. that he is in error, +when supposing that the English knights were deprived of their property by +Queen Elizabeth, as it was done by act of parliament in the year 1534, and +during the reign of Henry VIII. + +For the information sought by your correspondent R. L. P., I would refer +him to the following extract taken from Sutherland's _History of the +Knights of Malta_, vol. ii. pp. 114, 115.: + + "To increase the despondency of L'Isle Adam [the Grand Master of the + Order of St. John of Jerusalem], Henry VIII. of England having come to + an open rupture with the Pope, in consequence of the Pontiff's steady + refusal to countenance the divorcement of Catherine of Arragon his + queen, commenced a fierce and bloody persecution against all persons in + his dominions, who persisted in adhering to the Holy See. In these + circumstances, the Knights of St. John, who held themselves bound to + acknowledge the Pope as their superior at whatever hazard, did not long + escape his ire. The power of the Order, composed as it was of the + chivalry of the nation, while the Prior of London sat in parliament on + an equality with the first baron of the realm, for a time deterred him + from openly proscribing it; but at length his wrath burst forth in an + ungovernable flame. The knights Ingley, Adrian Forrest, Adrian + Fortescu, and Marmaduke Bohus, refusing to abjure their faith, perished + on the scaffold. Thomas Mytton and Edward Waldegrave died in a dungeon; + and Richard and James Bell, John Noel, and many others, abandoned their + country for ever, and sought an asylum at Malta[4], completely stripped + {629} of their possessions. In 1534, by an act of the legislature, the + Order of St. John was abolished in the King of England's dominions; and + such knights as survived the persecution, but who refused to stoop to + the conditions offered them, were thrown entirely on the charity of + their brethren at Malta. Henry offered Sir Wm. Weston, Lord Prior of + England, a pension of a thousand pounds a year; but that knight was so + overwhelmed with grief at the suppression of his Order, that he never + received a penny, but soon after died. Other knights, less scrupulous, + became pensioners of the crown." + +W. W. + +La Valetta, Malta. + +[Footnote 4: I have sought in vain among the records of the Order at this +island to find any mention made of those English knights, whom Sutherland +thus mentions as having fled to Malta at the time of this persecution in +their native land.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Anticipatory Worship of the Cross_ (Vol. vii., p. 548.).--A correspondent +wishes for farther information on the anticipatory worship of the cross in +Mexico and at Alexandria. At the present moment I am unable to refer to the +works on which I grounded the statement which he quotes. He will, however, +find the details respecting Mexico in Stephens's _Travels in Yucatan_; and +those respecting Alexandria in the commentators on Sozomen (_H. E._, vii. +15.), and Socrates (_H. E._, v. 16.). A similar instance is the worship of +the _Cross Fylfotte_ in Thibet. + +THE WRITER OF "COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE UNSEEN WORLD." + +_Ennui_ (Vol. vii., p. 478.).-- + + "Cleland (voc. 165.) has, with his usual sagacity, and with a great + deal of trouble, as he himself acknowledges, traced out the true + meaning and derivation of this word: for after he had long despaired of + discovering the origin of it, mere chance, he says, offered to him what + he took to be the genuine one: 'In an old French book I met,' says he, + 'with a passage where the author, speaking of a company that had sat up + late, makes use of this expression, "l'ennuit les avoit gagnes," by the + context of which it was plain he meant, that the common influence of + _the night_, in bringing on _heaviness_ and _yawning_, had come upon + them. The proper sense is totally antiquated, but the figurative + remains in full currency to this day."--Lemon's _Etymological + Dictionary_. + +The true synonym of _ennui_ seem to be _taedium_, which appears to have the +same relation to _taedo_, a torch, as _ennui_ to _nuit_. + +B. H. C. + +_"Qui facit per alium, facit per se," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 488.).--This +maxim is found in the following form in the _Regulae Juris_, subjoined to +the 6th Book of the Decretals, Reg. lxxii.: "Qui facit per alium, est +perinde ac si faciat per seipsum." + +J. B. + +_Vincent Family_ (Vol. vii., pp. 501. 586.).--The _Memoir of Augustine +Vincent_, referred to by MR. MARTIN, was written by the late Sir N. Harris +Nicolas, and published by Pickering in 1827, crown 8vo. Shortly after its +publication, a few pages of _Addenda_ were printed in consequence of some +information communicated by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, respecting the +descendants of Augustine Vincent. At that time Francis Offley Edmunds, +Esq., of Westborough, was his representative. + +G. + +_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., pp. 463. 508.).--I am well acquainted with the +monumental inscriptions in Chesterfield Church, but I do not recollect one +to the memory of Judge Smith. + +Thomas Smith, who was an attorney in Sheffield, and died in 1774, had a +brother, William Smith of Norwich, who died in 1801. Thomas Smith married +Susan Battie, by whom he had a son Thomas Smith of Sheffield, and after of +Dunston Hall, who married in 1791 Elizabeth Mary, only surviving child of +Robert Mower of Woodseats, Esq., (by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of +Richard Milnes of Dunston Hall, Esq.) It was through this lady that the +Dunston estate came to the Smiths by the will of her uncle Mr. Milnes. Mr. +Smith died in 1811, having had issue by her (who married secondly John +Frederick Smith, Esq., of London) three sons and several daughters. The +second son (Rev. Wm. Smith of Dunston Hall) died in 1841, leaving male +issue; but I am not aware of the death of either of the others. The family +had a grant of arms in 1816. Dunston Hall had belonged to the Milnes family +for about a century. + +W. ST. + +_"Dimidiation" in Impalements_ (Vol. vii., p. 548.).--In reply to your +correspondent's Query as to _dimidiation_, he will find that this was the +most ancient form of impalement. Its manifest inconvenience no doubt at +last banished it. Guillim (ed. 1724) says, at p. 425.: + + "It was an ancient way of impaling, to take half the husband's coat, + and with that to joyn as much of the wife's; as appeareth in an old + roll, wherein three lions, being the arms of _England_, are dimidiated + and impaled with half the pales of Arragon. The like hath been + practised with quartered coats by leaving out half of them." + +On p. 426. he gives the example of Mary, Henry VIII.'s sister, and her +husband Louis XII. of France. Here the French king's coat is cut in half, +so that the lily in the base point is _dimidiated_; and the queen's coat, +being quarterly France and England, shows two quarters only; England in +chief, France in base. + +Sandford, in his _Genealogical History_, gives a plate of the tomb of Henry +II. and Richard I. of England at Fontevrault, which was built anew in {630} +1638. Upon it are several impalements by _dimidiation_. Sandford (whose +book seems to me to be strangely over-valued) gives no explanation of them. +No doubt they were copied from the original tomb. + +In Part II. of the _Guide to the Architectural Antiquities in the +Neighbourhood of Oxford_, at p. 178., is figured an impalement by +_dimidiation_ existing at Stanton Harcourt, in the north transept of the +church, in a brass on a piece of blue marble. The writer of the _Guide_ +supposes this bearing to be some union of Harcourt and Beke, in consequence +of a will of John Lord Beke, and to be commemorative of the son of Sir +Richard Harcourt and Margaret Beke. It is in fact commemorative of those +persons themselves. Harcourt, two bars, is dimidiated, and meets Beke, a +cross moline or ancree. The figure thus produced is a strange one, but +perfectly intelligible when the practice of impaling by dimidiation is +recollected. I know no modern instance of this method of impaling. I doubt +if any can be found since the time of Henry VIII. + +D. P. + +Begbrook. + +_Worth_ (Vol. vii., p. 584.).--At one time, and in one locality, this word +seems to have denoted manure; as appears by the following preamble to the +statute 7 Jac. I. cap. 18.: + + "Whereas the sea-sand, by long triall and experience, hath bin found to + be very profitable for the bettering of land, and especially for the + increase of corne and tillage, within the counties of Devon and + Cornwall, where the inhabitants have not commonly used any other + _worth_, for the bettering of their arable grounds and pastures." + +I am not aware of any other instance of the use of this word in this sense. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_"Elementa sex," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 572.).--The answer to the Latin riddle +propounded by your correspondent EFFIGY, seems to be the word _putres_; +divided into _utres_, _tres_, _res_, _es_, and the letter _s_. + +The allusion in _putres_ is to Virgil, _Georgic_, i. 392.; and in _utres_ +probably to _Georgic_, ii. 384.: the rest is patent enough. + +I send this response to save others from the trouble of seeking an answer, +and being disappointed at their profitless labours. If I may venture a +guess at its author, I should be inclined to ascribe it to some idle +schoolboy, or perhaps schoolmaster, who deserved to be whipped for their +pains. + +C. W. B. + +_"A Diasii 'Salve'," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 571.).--The deliverance desired in +these words is from treachery, similar to that which was exhibited by the +fratricide Alfonso Diaz toward his brother Juan. (Vid. Senarclaei _Historiam +veram_, 1546; _Actiones et Monimenta Martyrum_, foll. 126-139. [Genevae], +1560: _Histoire des Martyrs_, foll. 161-168., ed. 1597; M^cCrie's +_Reformation in Spain_, pp. 181-188., Edinb. 1829.) + +The "A Gallorum 'Venite,'" probably refers to the singing of the "Venite, +exultemus Domino," on the occasion of the massacre of St. Bartholomew. + +R. G. + +_Meaning of "Claret"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 237. 511.).--Old Bartholomew +Glanville, the venerable Franciscan, gives a recipe for claret in his +treatise _De Proprietatibus Rerum_, Argent., 1485., lib. xix. cap. 56., +which proves it to be of older date than is generally supposed: + + "Claretum ex vino et melle et speciebus aromaticis est confectum ... + Unde a vino contrahit fortitudinem et acumen, a speciebus autem retinet + aromaticitatem et odorem, sed a melle dulcedinem mutuat et saporem." + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +"_The Temple of Truth_" (Vol. vii., p. 549.).--The author of this work, +according to Dr. Watt, was the Rev. C. E. de Coetlogon, rector of Godstone, +Surrey. + +[Greek: Halieus]. + +Dublin. + +_Wellborne Family_ (Vol. vii., p. 259.).--The following is from the _Town +and Country Magazine_ for 1772: + + "_Deaths._--Mr. Richard Wellborne, in Aldersgate Street, descended in a + direct male line from the youngest son of Simon Montfort, Earl of + Leicester, who flourished in King Henry III.'s time, and married that + king's sister." + +There is now a family of the name of Wellborne residing in Doncaster. + +W. H. L. + +_Devonianisms_ (Vol. vii., p. 544.).--While a resident in Devonshire, I +frequently met with localisms similar in character to those quoted by +J. M. B.; but what at first struck me as most peculiar in common +conversation, was the use, or rather abuse, of the little preposition _to_. +When inquiring the whereabouts of an individual, Devonians ask one another, +"Where is he _to_?" The invariable reply is, "_To_ London," "_To_ +Plymouth," &c., as the case may be. The Cheshire clowns, on the other hand, +murder the word _at_, in just the same strange and inappropriate manner. + +The indiscriminate use of the term _forrell_, when describing the cover of +a book, is a solecism, I fancy, peculiarly Devonian. Whether a book be +bound in cloth, vellum, or morocco, it is all alike _forrell_ in Devonshire +parlance. I imagine, however, that the word, in its present corrupt sense, +must have originated from _forrell_, a term still used by the trade to +designate an inferior kind of vellum {631} or parchment, in which books are +not unfrequently bound. When we consider that vellum was at one time in +much greater request for bookbinding purposes than it is just now, we shall +be at no great loss to reconcile this eccentricity in the vocabulary of our +west country brethren. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Humbug_ (Vol. vii., p. 550.).--A recent number of Miller's _Fly Leaves_ +makes the following hazardous assertion as to the origin and derivation of +the term _Humbug_: + + "This, now common expression, is a corruption of the word Hamburgh, and + originated in the following manner:--During a period when war prevailed + on the Continent, so many false reports and lying bulletins were + fabricated at Hamburgh, that at length, when any one would signify his + disbelief of a statement, he would say, 'You had that from Hamburgh;' + and thus, 'That is Hamburgh,' or _Humbug_, became a common expression + of incredulity." + +With all my credulity, I cannot help fancying that this bit of specious +_humbug_ is a _leetle_ too far-fetched. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_George Miller, D.D._ (Vol. vii., p. 527.).--His Donnellan Lectures were +never published. + +[Greek: Halieus]. + +Dublin. + +"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_" (Vol. vii., p. 502.).--Your correspondent +W. FRASER may be informed that the "great preacher" for whom he inquires +was Archbishop Tillotson. + +[Greek: Halieus]. + + [Perhaps our correspondent can reply to another Query from MR. W. + FRASER, viz. "Who is the 'certain author' quoted in _A Letter to a + Convocation Man_, pp. 24, 25.?"--ED.] + +_Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire_ (Vol. vii., p. +572.).--This is a very singular Query, inasmuch as Fuller's list of the +sheriffs of these counties begins 1st Henry II., and not, as is assumed by +your correspondent D., "from the time of Henry VIII." + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_Ferdinand Mendez Pinto_ (Vol. vii., p. 551.).--INQUIRENS will find the +passage he quotes in Congreve's _Love for Love_, Act II. Sc. 5. Foresight, +addressing Sir Sampson Legend, says: + + "Thou modern Mandeville, Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type," &c. + +In the _Tatler_, No. 254. (a paper ascribed to Addison and Steele +conjointly), these veracious travellers are thus pleasantly noticed: + + "There are no books which I more delight in than in travels, especially + those that describe remote countries, and give the writer an + opportunity of showing his parts without incurring any danger of being + examined and contradicted. Among all the authors of this kind, our + renowned countryman, Sir John Mandeville, has distinguished himself by + the copiousness of his invention, and the greatness of his genius. The + second to Sir John I take to have been Ferdinand Mendez Pinto, a person + of infinite adventure and unbounded imagination. One reads the voyages + of these two great wits with as much astonishment as the travels of + Ulysses in Homer, or of the Red Cross Knight in Spenser. All is + enchanted ground and fairy land." + +Biographical sketches of Mandeville and Pinto are attached to this paper in +the excellent edition of the _Tatler_ ("with Illustrations and Notes" by +Calder, Percy, and Nichols), published in six volumes in 1786. Godwin +selected this quotation from Congreve as a fitting motto for his _Tale of +St. Leon_. + +J. H. M. + +The passage referred to occurs in Congreve's _Love for Love_, Act II. Sc. +5. Cervantes had before designated Pinto as the "prince of liars." It seems +that poor Pinto did not deserve the ill language applied to him by the +wits. Ample notices of his travels may be seen in the _Retrospective +Review_, vol. viii. pp. 83-105., and Macfarlane's _Romance of Travel_, vol. +ii. pp. 104-192. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_"Other-some" and "Unneath"_ (Vol vii., p. 571.).--Mr. Halliwell, in his +_Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, has _other-some_, some other, +"a quaint but pretty phrase _of frequent occurrence_." He gives two +instances of its use. He has also "_Unneath_, beneath. Somerset." + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +The word _other-some_ occurs in the authorised version of the Bible, Acts +xvii. 18. "Other some, He seemeth to be a setter forth of strange gods." It +does not occur in any of the earlier versions of this passage in Bagster's +_English Hexapla_. Halliwell says that it is "a quaint but pretty phrase of +frequent occurrence," and gives an example dated 1570. _Unneath_, according +to the same authority, is used in Somersetshire. _Other-some_ is constantly +used in Norfolk. I think it, however, a pity that your space should be +occupied by such Queries as these, which a simple reference to Halliwell's +_Dictionary_ would have answered. + +E. G. R. + +_Willow Pattern_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--Evidently a Chinese design. The +bridge-houses, &c., are purely Chinese; and also the want of perspective. I +have seen crockery in the shops in Shanghai with the _same pattern_, or at +least with very slight difference. + +H. B. + +Shanghai. + +_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vii., p. 487.).--Another evidence that the word +_pile_ is of French origin: {632} "_Pille_, pile; that side of the coin +which bears the head. Cross or pile, a game."--_A Dictionary of the Norman +French Language_, by Robert Kelham of Lincoln's Inn: London, 1779, 8vo., p. +183. + +[Phi]. + +_Old Fogie_ (Vol. vii., pp. 354. 559.).--J. L., who writes from Edinburgh, +denies the Irish origin of this appellation, because he says it was used of +the "veteran companies" who garrisoned the castles of Edinburgh and +Stirling. My mother, who was born in 1759, often told me that she never had +heard any other name for the old men in the Royal Hospital, in the vicinity +of which she passed her early days. It was therefore a well-known name a +century ago in Dublin, and consequently was in use long before; probably +from the building of the hospital in the reign of Charles II. Can J. L. +trace the Scotch term as far back as that? Scotch or Irish, however, I +maintain that my derivation is the right one. J. L. says he prefers that of +Dr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, who "derives it from Su.-G. +_Fogde_, formerly one who had the charge of a garrison." In thus preferring +a Scottish authority, J. L. shows himself to be a true Scot; but he must +allow me to ask him, is he acquainted with the Swedish language? (for that +is what is meant by the mysterious Su.-G.) And if so, is he not aware that +_Fogde_ is the same as the German _Vogt_, and signifies governor, judge, +steward, &c., never merely a military commandant; and what on earth has +that to do with battered old soldiers? + +I may as well take this opportunity of replying to another of your +Caledonian correspondents, respecting the origin of the word _nugget_. The +Persian derivation is simply ridiculous, as the word was not first used in +Australia. I am then perfectly well aware that this term has long been in +use in Scotland and the north of Ireland as _i. q._ lump, as a _nugget_ of +bread, of sugar, &c. But an _ingot_ is a lump also: and the derivation is +so simple and natural, that in any case I am disposed to regard it as the +true one. May not the Yankee term have been made independently of the +British one? + +THOS. KEIGHTLEY. + +_Another odd Mistake_ (Vol. vii., p. 405.).--On page 102. of _Last Glimpses +of Convocation_, by A. J. Joyce, 1853, I read of "the defiance thrown out +to Henry III. by his barons, _Nolumus leges Angliae mutare_." I have never +read of any such defiance, expressed in any such language, anywhere else. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Spontaneous Combustion_ (Vol. vii., pp. 286. 440.).--I have somewhere read +an account of a drunkard whose body was so saturated with alcohol, that +being bled in a fever, and the lamp near him having been overthrown, the +blood caught fire, and burst into a blaze: the account added, that he was +so startled by this occurrence, that on his recovery he reformed +thoroughly, and prolonged his life to a good old age. Where is this story +to be found, and is the fact related physically possible? It seems to bear +on the question of spontaneous combustion. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Erroneous Forms of Speech_ (Vol vii., p. 329.).--E. G. R. will find, on +farther inquiry, that he is in the wrong as regards the mode of writing and +speaking _mangold-wurzel_. The subject was discussed in the _Gardeners' +Chronicle_ in 1844. There (p. 204.) your correspondent will find, by +authority of "a German," that _mangold_ is field-beet or leaf-beet: and +that _mangel_ is a corruption or pretended emendation of the common German +appellation, and most probably of English coinage. Such a thing as +_mangel-wurzel_ is not known on the Continent; and the best authorities +now, in this country, all use _mangold-wurzel_. + +M. + +P.S.--Since writing the above, I have seen MR. FRERE's note on the same +subject (Vol. vii, p. 463.). The substitution of _mangel_ for the original +_mangold_, was probably an attempt to correct some vulgar error in +orthography; or to substitute a word of some significance for one of none. +But, as Dr. Lindley has said, "If we adopt a foreign name, we ought to take +it as we find it, whatever may be its imperfections." + +_Ecclesia Anglicana_ (Vol. vii., pp. 12. 440. 535.).--I gladly set down for +G. R. M. the following instances of the use of "Ecclesia Gallicana;" they +are quotations occurring in Richard's _Analysis Consiliorum_: he will find +many more in the same work as translated by Dalmasus: + + "Ex _Gallicanae Ecclesiae_ usu, Jubilaei Bullae ad Archiepiscopos mittendae + sunt, e quorum manibus ad suffraganeos Episcopos + perferuntur."--_Monumenta Cleri_, tom. ii. p. 228. + + "_Gallicana Ecclesia_ a disciplinae remissione, ante quadringentos aut + quingentos annos inducta, se melius quam aliae defendit, Romanaeque curiae + ausis vehementius resistat."--Fleurius, _Sermo super Ecclesiae Gallicanae + Libertatibus_. + +I have not time to search for the other examples which he wants; though I +have not any doubt but they would easily be found. The English Church has +been, I consider, a more Romanising church than many; but, in mediaeval +times, the most intimate connexion with Rome did not destroy, though it +impaired, the nationality of the church. The church of Spain is, I believe, +now one of the most national of the churches in communion with Rome. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The writer saw, a few years ago, +the shape of a glove hanging {633} during the fair at the common ground of +Southampton, and was told, that while it was there debtors were free from +arrest within the town. + +ANON. + +In returning my thanks to your correspondents who have given instances of +this custom, allow me to add that a friend has called my attention to the +fact that Mattishall _Gant_, or fair, takes place in Rogation or _Gang +week_, and probably takes its name from the latter word. Forby says that +there are probably few instances of the use of this word, and I am not +aware of any other than the one he gives, viz. Mattishall _Gant_. + +E. G. R. + +_Popular Sayings.--The Sparrows at Lindholme_ (Vol. vii., p. 234.).--The +sparrows at Lindholme have made themselves scarce here, under the following +circumstances:--William of Lindholme seems to have united in himself the +characters of hermit and wizard. When a boy, his parents, on going to Wroot +Feast, hard by, left him to keep the sparrows from the corn; at which he +was so enraged that he took up an enormous stone, and threw it at the house +to which they were gone, but from throwing it too high it fell on the other +side. After he had done this he went to the feast, and when scolded for it, +said he had fastened up all the sparrows in the barn; where they were +found, on the return home, all dead, except a few which were turned white. +(Vide Stonehouse's _History of the Isle of Axholme_.) + +As for the "Doncaster Daggers" and "Hatfield Rats," also inquired after, I +have no information, although those places are in the same neighbourhood. + +W. H. L. + +_Effects of the Vox Regalis of the Queen Bee_ (Vol. vii., p. 499.).--Dr. +Bevan, than whom there is probably no better authority on apiarian matters, +discredits this statement of Huber. No other naturalist appears to have +witnessed these wonderful effects. Dr. Bevan however states, that when the +queen is + + "Piping, prior to the issue of an after-swarm, the bees that are near + her remain still, with a slight inclination of their heads, but whether + impressed by fear or not seems doubtful."--Bevan _On the Honey Bee_, p. + 18. + +CHEVERELLS. + +_Seneca and St. Paul_ (Vol. vii., p. 500.).-- + + "The fourteen letters of Seneca to Paul, _which are printed_ in the old + editions of Seneca, are apocryphal."--Dr. W. Smith's _Dict. of + Mythology_, &c. + + "SENECA, Opera, 1475, fol. The second part contains only his letters, + and _begins with the correspondence of St. Paul and Seneca_."--Ebert's + _Bibl. Dict._ + +B. H. C. + +_Hurrah_ (Vol. vi., p. 54.; Vol. vii., p. 595.).--Wace's _Chronicle of the +Norman Conquest_, as it appears in Mr. Edgar Taylor's translation, pp. 21, +22, mentions the war-cries of the various knights at the battle of Val des +Dunes. Duke William cries "Dex aie," and Raol Tesson "_Tur aie_;" on which +there is a note that M. Pluquet reads "Thor aide," which he considers may +have been derived from the ancient Northmen. Surely this is the origin of +our modern _hurrah_; and if so, perhaps the earliest mention of our English +war-cry. + +J. F. M. + +_Purlieu_ (Vol. vii., p. 477.).--The etymology of this word which Dr. +Johnson adopted is that which many others have approved of. The only other +derivation which appears to have been suggested is from _perambulatio_. +Blount, _Law Dict._, s. voc., thus explains: + + "_Purlue_ or _Purlieu_ (from the Fr. _pur_, i. e. _purus_, and _lieu_, + locus) is all that ground near any forest, which being made forest by + Henry II., Richard I., or King John, were, by _perambulation_, granted + by Henry III., severed again from the same, and became _purlue_, i. e. + pure and free from the laws and ordinances of the forest. Manwood, par. + 2., For. Laws, cap. 20.; see the statute 33 Edw. I. stat. 5. And the + perambulation, whereby the _purlieu_ is deafforested, is called + _pourallee_, i. e. _perambulatio_. 4 Inst. fol. 303." + +(See also Lye, Cowel, Skinner, and especially Minshaeus.) + +B. H. C. + +_Bell Inscriptions_ (Vol. vi., p. 554.).--In Weever's _Ancient Funeral +Monuments_ (London, 1631) are the following inscriptions: + + "En ego campana nunquam denuncio vana; + Laudo Deum verum, plebem voco, congrego clerum. + Defunctos plango, vivos voco, fulmina frango. + Vox mea, vox vitae, voco vos ad sacra, venite, + Sanctos collaudo, tonitrus fugo, funera claudo." + . . . . . . + "Funera plango, fulgura frango, Sabbatha pango, + Excito lentos, dissipo ventos, paco cruentos." + +There is also an old inscription for a "holy water" vessel: + + "Hujus aquae tactus depellit Demonis actus. + Asperget vos Deus cum omnibus sanctis suis ad vitam aeternam. + Sex operantur aqua benedicta. + Cor mundat, Accidiam fugat, venalia tollit, + Auget opem, removetque hostem, phantasmata pellit." + +At page 848. there is a beautiful specimen of an old font in the church of +East Winch, in the diocese of Norwich. + +CLERICUS (D). + +Dublin. + +_Quotation from Juvenal_ (Vol. vii., pp. 166. 321.).--My copy of this poet +being unfortunately without notes, I was not aware that there was authority +for "abest" in this passage; but my argument still remains much the same, +as regards quoters {634} having retained for their own convenience a +reading which most editors have rejected. I observe that Gifford, in his +translation, takes _habes_ as the basis of his version in both the passages +mentioned. + +May I ask if it is from misquotation, or variation in the copies, that an +even more hackneyed quotation is never given as I find it printed, Sat. 2. +v. 83.: "Nemo repente _venit_ turpissimus?" + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman_ (Vol. vii., pp. 133. 211.).--Your +correspondent L. has not proved this story to be fabulous: it has usually +been told of the wife of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, great-grandmother of the two +queens, and, for anything we know yet of _her_ family, it may be quite +true. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 512).--I can corroborate the assertion of Anon., +that this word is still in use in Sussex, though by no means frequently. +Not long since I heard an old woman say, "My gaeffer (meaning her husband) +got up quite _rathe_ this morning." + +In the case of the early apple it is generally pronounced _ratheripe_. + +See also Cooper's excellent _Sussex Glossary_, 2nd edit. 1853. + +M. + +_Old Booty's Case_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--The most authentic report of this +case is, I think, in one of the London Gazettes for 1687 or 1688. I read +the report in one of these at the British Museum several years ago. It +purported to be given only a few days after the trial had taken place. + +H. T. RILEY. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. 12mo. London, 1828. (Two Copies.) + +JONES' ACCOUNT OF ABERYSTWITH. Trevecka, 8vo. 1779. + +M. C. H. BROEMEL'S FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705. + +COOPER'S ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. 1832. Vol. I. + +PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Basil, 1522. + +KING ON ROMAN COINS. + +LORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson. 1736. + +JAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I. +4to. 1794. + +WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832. + +WALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683. + +WARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818. + +AUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth. 1842. + +SANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794. +Two Copies. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by Sir R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +*** Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be +sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_Being anxious to include as many Replies as possible in our present +Number, in order that they may be found in the same Volume with the_ +Queries _to which they relate, we have omitted for this week our usual_ +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE, _as well as our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _and several +interesting articles, which are in type_. + +MR. LYTE'_s_ Treatment of Positives _shall appear next week_. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.--_The passage_--- + + "The soul's dark cottage," &c. + +_is from Waller. See some curious illustrations of it in our_ 3rd Vol., pp. +154, 155. + +W. EWART. _We should he glad to have an opportunity of looking at the +collection of Epithets to which our correspondent refers_. + +JARLTZBERG'_s Query in our next. His other articles shall have early +attention_. + +JUVENIS. _We must repeat that we cannot undertake the invidious task of +recommending our Correspondents where to purchase their photographic +apparatus and materials. Our advertising columns give ample information. +The demand for cheap apparatus, if it becomes general, will be sure to be +supplied_. + +_Errata_.--P. 569. col. 1. l. 45., for "oo_yddes_" read "Ov_yddes_." P. 548 +col. 2. l. 47, for "1550" read "1850." + +_The_ INDEX _to our_ Seventh Volume _is in forward preparation. It will be +ready, we hope, by_ Saturday the 16th, _when we shall also publish our +Seventh Volume, Price_ 10s. 6d., _cloth, boards_. + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. to vi., _price Three +Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. + + Volume Three, 1272--1377. + Volume Four, 1377--1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. cloth, + + Volume One, 1066--1199. + Volume Two, 1199--1272. + +"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take +its stand in the permanent literature of' our country."--_Gent. Mag_. + +London : LONGMAN & CO. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X. in +Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities. and adapted to all Climates, may +now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + +{635} + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the +attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of +his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the +efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability +and convenience of the Folding Ditto. + +Every description of Apparatus to order. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which my be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres', La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver)--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289 Strand, were the first in England who published +the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion +(price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and +colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any climate, and the +Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE +CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all +the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the +open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best +Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 241/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next +Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _L s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +PURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.--If the readers of NOTES & QUERIES, who +suffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache, blushing, +groundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to the head, +failure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c., +will call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of +above 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who have followed his +advice, he will instruct them how to get well, without fee, and will render +the same service to the friends of the insane.--At home from 11 to 3. + +18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE. + + * * * * * + + +UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in +1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London. + + HONORARY PRESIDENTS. + + Earl of Courtown + Earl Leven and Melville + Earl of Norbury + Earl of Stair + Viscount Falkland + Lord Elphinstone + Lord Belhaven and Stenton + Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan + + LONDON BOARD. + + _Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq. + _Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq. + + H. Blair Avarne, Esq. + E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_. + C. Berwick Curtis, Esq. + William Fairlie, Esq. + D. Q. Henriques, Esq. + J. G. Henriques, Esq. + F. C. Maitland, Esq. + William Railton, Esq. + F. H. Thomson, Esq. + Thomas Thorby, Esq. + + MEDICAL OFFICERS. + + _Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., + 8. Bennett Street, St. James's. + + _Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street. + +The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as +follows:-- + + Sum | Time | Sum added to | Sum + Assured. | Assured. | Policy | Payable + | +--------------------+ at Death. + | | In 1841. In 1848. | + ---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- + L | | L s.d.| L s.d.| L s.d. + 5000 | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8 + * 1000 | 7 years | - - | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0 + 500 | 1 year | - - | 11 5 0 | 511 5 0 + +* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took +out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in +1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 21/4 per +cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each +1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the +premiums paid. + +The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only +one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for +Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident +Director. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL AND SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains descriptions and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different +Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets and Quilts. And +their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, +Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their +Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. +{636} + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, June 18, contains Articles on + + Agriculture and steam power + Apples, wearing out of + Books noticed + Bradshaw's Continental Guide + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Camellia's, to cure sickly + Cartridge, Capt. Norton's + Chiswick exhibition + Coal pits, rev. + Draining swamps + Fences, wire + ----, thorn + Fig trees + Fruits, wearing out of + Fuchsias from seed + Gardeners' Benevolent Institution, anniversary of + Grapes, rust in + Hedges, thorn + Horticultural Society's exhibition + Jeffery (Mr.), news from + Law relating to tenant right, rev. + Lycoperdon Proteus + Manure, liquid + ----, waste + Moles, to drive away + Norton's, Captain, cartridge + Oregon expedition, news of + Peas, early + Pelargoniums, new + Plants, wearing out of + Poultry show, West Kent + ---- books + Puff balls + Rhubarb, monster + ---- wine, recipes for making + Royal Botanical Gardens + Seeding, thin + Societies, proceedings of the Agricultural of England, Bath and + Oxfordshire Agricultural, Belfast Flax + Steam engines, uses of + Weight of rhubarb + Wheat crop + Wine, recipes for making rhubarb + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +Price One Shilling. + +LETTRES D'UN ANGLAIS SUR LOUIS NAPOLEON, L'EMPIRE ET LE COUP D'ETAT, +translated from the English by Permission of the Author, with Notes by the +Editors of the "Courrier de L'Europe." + +London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 2. Catherine Street, Strand; and all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXV. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming Number +must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 25th, and BILLS for insertion by +the 27th instant. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. 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PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH. +(Second Door West of the New Club.) + + * * * * * + + +CHEAP GERMAN BOOKS.--WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 15. Bedford Street, Covent Garden, +charge to direct Purchasers all Books published in Germany at THREE +SHILLINGS per PRUSSIAN THALER only, the exact value of their published +price in Germany, without any addition for carriage or duty, for ready +money. Catalogues gratis on application. + + * * * * * + + +CHEAP FRENCH BOOKS.--WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 15. Bedford Street, Covent Garden, +charge to Purchasers directly from them FRENCH BOOKS at TEN PENCE per FRANC +only, being a reduction of 17 per cent. on the former rate of Shillings for +Francs. A monthly French Catalogue is sent gratis to Purchasers. + + * * * * * + + +CURIOUS GLEANINGS from ANCIENT NEWSPAPERS OF THE TIME OF KING CHARLES, +&c.--A very Choice, Instructive, and most Amusing Miscellaneous Selection +may be had free by sending SIX POSTAGE STAMPS to + +MR. J. H. FENNELL, 1. WARWICK COURT, HOLBORN, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to +Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock, +under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been +connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +MURRAY'S MODERN COOKERY BOOK. +NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION. + +Now ready, an entirely New, Revised, and Cheaper Edition, with 100 +Woodcuts. Post 8vo., 5s., bound. + +MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded upon Principles of Economy and Practical +Knowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families. + +"A collection of plain receipts, adapted to the service of families, in +which the table is supplied, with a regard to economy as well as comfort +and elegance."--_Morning Post._ + +"Unquestionably the most complete guide to the culinary department of +domestic economy that has yet been given to the world."--_John Bull._ + +"A new edition, with a great many new receipts, that have stood the test of +_family_ experience, and numerous editorial and typographical improvements +throughout."--_Spectator._ + +"Murray's 'Cookery Book' claims to rank as a new work."--_Literary +Gazette._ + +"The best work extant on the subject for an ordinary household."--_Atlas._ + +"As a complete collection of useful directions clothed in perspicuous +language, this can scarcely be surpassed."--_Economist._ + +"Full of sage instruction and advice, not only on the economical and +gastronomic materials, but on subjects of domestic management in +general."--_Builder._ + +"We may heartily and safely commend to English housewifery this cookery +book. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points out how an +excellent dinner may be best secured."--_Express._ + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 25. +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p. 621 "inviting Calvin to unite with Melancthon" - "Malancthon" in +original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 191, June +25, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20368.txt or 20368.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/6/20368/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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