diff options
Diffstat (limited to '20368-h/20368-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | 20368-h/20368-h.htm | 4612 |
1 files changed, 4612 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/20368-h/20368-h.htm b/20368-h/20368-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af07be0 --- /dev/null +++ b/20368-h/20368-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,4612 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> +<html> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" > + <title> + Notes And Queries, Issue 191. + </title> + + <style type="text/css"> + +<!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify;} + p.center {text-align: center;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + table.nob {margin-left: 4em} + table.allb {border : thin solid black; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4em} + table.nomar {margin-left: 0em} + td.allb {border : thin solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;} + td.vertb {border-left : thin solid black; border-right : thin solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; } + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + p.hg3 {margin-left: -0.3em;} + p.hg1 {margin-left: -0.1em;} + .poem p.i1 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i12 {margin-left: 12em;} + .poem p.i16 {margin-left: 16em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + span.correction {border-bottom: thin dotted red;} + span.special {border-bottom: thin dotted green;} + span.over {text-decoration: overline;} + + .sc {font-variant: small-caps; } + .grk {font-style: normal; font-family:"Palatino Linotype","New Athena Unicode",Gentium,"Lucida Grande", Galilee, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif;} + .saxon {font-style: normal; + font-family:sans-serif;} + + p.author {text-align: right; margin-top: -1em;} + p.address {margin-top: -0.5em;} + .cenhead {text-align: center; margin-top: 1em;} + + // --> + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 15, 2007 [EBook #20368] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. Sections in Greek will yield a transliteration when the pointer is moved over them. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 613 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page613"></a>{613}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 191.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, June</span> 25, 1853.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br /> Stamped Edition + 5d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + +<table class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Witchcraft in Somersetshire</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page613">613</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Emblemata Horatiana," by Weld Taylor</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page614">614</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Criticism, by Thomas Keightley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page615">615</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Red Hair a Reproach, by T. Hughes</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page616">616</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Extracts from Newspapers, 1714, by E. G. Ballard</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page616">616</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Last Suicide buried at + a Cross Road.—Andrew's Edition of Freund's Latin + Lexicon—Slang Expressions—"Quem Deus vult + perdere"—White Roses</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page617">617</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:— "Merk Lands" and "Ures:" + Norwegian Antiquities</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page618">618</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Leigh Peerage, and Stoneley Estates, Warwickshire</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page619">619</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Phillips + Family—Engine-à-verge—Garrick's Funeral Epigram—The + Rosicrucians—Passage in Schiller—Sir John + Vanbrugh—Historical Engraving—Hall-close, Silverstone, + Northamptonshire—Junius's Letters to Wilkes—The + Reformer's Elm—How to take Paint off old Oak</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page619">619</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Cadenus + and Vanessa—Boom—"A Letter to a Member of + Parliament"—Ancient Chessmen—Guthryisms</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page620">620</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:— Correspondence of Cranmer + and Calvin, by Henry Walter</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page621">621</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Populus vult decipi," by Robert Gibbings, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page621">621</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Latin: Latiner</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page622">622</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Jack</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page622">622</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Passage in St. James, by T. J. Buckton, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page623">623</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Faithfull Teate</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page624">624</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Parvise</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page624">624</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Cœnaculum of Lionardo da Vinci</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page624">624</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Font Inscriptions, by F. B. Relton, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page625">625</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Burn at Croydon</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page626">626</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Christian Names, by William Bates, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page626">626</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Weather Rules</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page627">627</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Rococo, by Henry H. Breen</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page627">627</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Descendants of John of Gaunt, by J. S. Warden</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page628">628</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Order of St. John of Jerusalem</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page628">628</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor + Queries</span>:—Anticipatory Worship of the + Cross—Ennui—"Qui facit per alium, facit per se," + &c.—Vincent Family—Judge Smith—"Dimidiation" in + Impalements—Worth—"Elementa sex," &c.—"A Diasii + 'Salve,'" &c.—Meaning of "Claret"—"The Temple of + Truth"—Wellborne + Family—Devonianisms—Humbug—George Miller, + D.D.—"A Letter to a Convocation Man"—Sheriffs of + Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire—Ferdinand Mendez + Pinto—"Other-some" and "Unneath"—Willow + Pattern—Cross and Pile—Old Fogie—Another odd + Mistake—Spontaneous Combustion—Erroneous Forms of + Speech—Ecclesia Anglicana—Gloves at Fairs—The + Sparrows at Lindholme, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page629">629</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:— Books and Odd + Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page634">634</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page634">634</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page634">634</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>WITCHCRAFT IN SOMERSETSHIRE.</h3> + + <p>Perhaps the following account of superstitions now entertained in some + parts of Somersetshire, will be interesting to the inquirers into the + history of witchcraft. I was lately informed by a member of my + congregation that two children living near his house were bewitched. I + made inquiries into the matter, and found that witchcraft is by far less + uncommon than I had imagined. I can hardly adduce the two children as an + authenticated case, because the medical gentleman who attended them + pronounced their illness to be a kind of ague: but I leave the two + following cases on record in "N. & Q." as memorable instances of + witchcraft in the nineteenth century.</p> + + <p>A cottager, who does not live five minutes' walk from my house, found + his pig seized with a strange and unaccountable disorder. He, being a + sensible man, instead of asking the advice of a veterinary surgeon, + immediately went to the white witch (a gentleman who drives a flourishing + trade in this neighbourhood). He received his directions, and went home + and implicitly followed them. In perfect silence, he went to the pigsty; + and lancing each foot and both ears of the pig, he allowed the blood to + run into a piece of common dowlas. Then taking two large pins, he pierced + the dowlas in opposite directions; and still keeping silence, entered his + cottage, locked the door, placed the bloody rag upon the fire, heaped up + some turf over it, and reading a few verses of the Bible, waited till the + dowlas was burned. As soon as this was done, he returned to the pigsty; + found his pig perfectly restored to health, and, <i>mirabile dictu!</i> + as the white witch had predicted, the old woman, who it was supposed had + bewitched the pig, came to inquire after the pig's health. The animal + never suffered a day's illness afterwards. My informant was the owner of + the pig himself.</p> + + <p>Perhaps, when I heard this story, there may have been a lurking + expression of doubt upon my face, so that my friend thought it necessary + to give me farther proof. Some time ago a lane in this town began to be + looked upon with a mysterious awe, for every evening a strange white + rabbit <!-- Page 614 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page614"></a>{614}</span> would appear in it, and, running up and + down, would mysteriously disappear. Dogs were frequently put on the + scent, but all to no purpose, the white rabbit could not be caught; and + rumours soon began to assert pretty confidently, that the white rabbit + was nothing more nor less than a witch. The man whose pig had been + bewitched was all the more confident; as every evening when the rabbit + appeared, he had noticed the bed-room window of his old enemy's house + open! At last a large party of bold-hearted men one evening were + successful enough to find the white rabbit in a garden, the only egress + from which is through a narrow passage between two cottages, all the rest + of the garden being securely surrounded by brick-walls. They placed a + strong guard in this entry to let nothing pass, while the remainder + advanced as skirmishers among the cabbages: one of these was successful, + and caught the white rabbit by the ears, and, not without some + trepidation, carried it towards the reserve in the entry. But, as he came + nearer to his friends, his courage grew; and gradually all the wrongs his + poor pig had suffered, took form and vigour in a powerful kick at the + poor little rabbit! No sooner had he done this than, he cannot tell how, + the rabbit was out of his grasp; the people in the entry saw it come, but + could not stop it; through them all it went, and has never been seen + again. But now to the proof of the witchcraft. The old woman, whom all + suspected, was laid up in her bed for three days afterwards, unable to + walk about: all in consequence of the kick she had received in the shape + of a white rabbit!</p> + + <p class="author">S. A. S. + + <p class="address">Bridgewater. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>"EMBLEMATA HORATIANA."</h3> + + <p>Whatever may be proposed as to republishing works of English emblems, + the work published in Holland with the above title at all events deserves + to be better known. All the English works on the subject I ever saw, are + poor indeed compared with the above: indeed, I think most books of + emblems are either grounded or compiled from this interesting work; which + is to the artist a work of the deepest interest, since all the designs + are by Otho Venius, the master of Rubens. Not only are the morals + conveyed lofty and sound, but the figures are first-rate specimens of + drawing. I believe it is this work that Malone says Sir Joshua Reynolds + learned to draw from: and if he really did, he could have had nothing + better, whatever age he might be. "His principal fund of imitation," says + Malone, "was Jacob Cat's book of emblems, which his great-grandmother, by + his father's side, who was a Dutch woman, had brought with her from + Holland." There is a small copy I think published in England, but a very + poor one: the original work, of which I possess a portion only, is large, + and engraved with great care. And I have often thought it a pity such an + admirable work should be so scarce and little known. Whoever did it, it + must have occupied many years, in those slow days, to make the designs + and engrave them. At the present day lithography, or some of the easy + modes of engraving, would soon multiply it. The size of the engravings + are rather more than seven inches. Many of the figures have been used + repeatedly by Rubens, and also some of the compositions. And though he is + certainly a better painter, he falls far short in originality compared + with his master; and, I may add, in richness of material. I should say + his chief works are to be found in that book. One of my leaves is + numbered 195: so I should judge the work to be very large, and to embrace + a variety of subjects. Some of the figures are worthy of Raffaelle. I may + instance one called the "Balance of Friendship." Two young men have a + balance between them; one side is filled with feathers, and the other + with weightier offerings: the meaning being, we should not allow favours + and gifts to come all from one side. The figures have their hands joined, + and appear to be in argument: their ample drapery is worthy of a study + for apostles.</p> + + <p>"Undertake nothing beyond your Strength" is emblemised by the giants + scaling the heavens: one very fine figure, full of action, in the centre, + is most admirably drawn.</p> + + <p>"Education and Habit" is another, full of meaning. Two dogs are + running: one after game, and another to a porringer. Some one has + translated the verses at the bottom on the back of the print as follows. + This has a fine group of figures in it:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"When taught by man, the hound pursues</p> + <p class="i1">The panting stag o'er hill and fell,</p> + <p>With steadfast eyes he keeps in view</p> + <p class="i1">The noble game he loves so well.</p> + <p>A mongrel coward slinks away,</p> + <p class="i1">The buck, the chase, ne'er warms his soul;</p> + <p>No huntsman's cheer can make him stay,</p> + <p class="i1">He runs to nothing, but his porridge bowl.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Throughout the race of men, 'tis still the same,</p> + <p>And all pursue a different kind of game.</p> + <p>Taverns and wine will form the tastes of some,</p> + <p>Others success in maids or wives undone.</p> + <p>To solid good, the wise pursues his way;</p> + <p>Nor for low pleasure ever deigns to stay.</p> + <p>Though in thy chamber all the live-long day,</p> + <p>In studious mood, you pass the hours away;</p> + <p>Or though you pace the noisy streets alone,</p> + <p>And silent watch day's burning orb go down;</p> + <p><i>Nature</i> to thee displays her honest page:</p> + <p>Read there—and see the follies of an age."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The taste for emblemata appears to have passed by, but a good + selection would be I think received with favour; particularly if access + could be obtained to a good collection. And I should like to <!-- Page + 615 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page615"></a>{615}</span> see any + addition to the <span class="sc">Rev. J. Corser</span>'s list in the + Number of the 14th of May.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CRITICISM.</h3> + + <p>When I entered on the game of criticism in "N. & Q.," I deemed + that it was to be played with good humour, in the spirit of courtesy and + urbanity, and that, consequently, though there might be much worthless + criticism and conjecture, the result would on the whole be profitable. + Finding that such is not to be the case, I retire from the field, and + will trouble "N. & Q." with no more of my lucubrations.</p> + + <p>I have been led to this resolution by the language employed by <span + class="sc">Mr. Arrowsmith</span> in No. 189., where, with little modesty, + and less courtesy, he styles the commentators on Shakspeare—naming + in particular, <span class="sc">Knight</span>, <span + class="sc">Collier</span>, and <span class="sc">Dyce</span>, and + including <span class="sc">Singer</span> and all of the present + day—<i>criticasters</i> who "stumble and bungle in sentences of + that simplicity and grammatical clearness as not to tax the powers of a + third-form schoolboy to explain." In order to bring <i>me</i> "within his + danger," he actually transposes two lines of Shakspeare; and so, to the + unwary, makes me appear to be a very shallow person indeed.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It was gravely," says Mr. A., "almost magisterially, proposed by one + of the disputants [<span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>] to corrupt the + concluding lines by altering <i>their</i> the pronoun into <i>there</i> + the adverb, because (shade of Murray!) the commentator could not discover + of what noun <i>their</i> could possibly be the pronoun, in these lines + following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'When great things labouring perish in their birth,</p> + <p>Their form confounded makes most form in mirth;'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and it was left to <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span> to bless the + world with the information that it was <i>things</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In all the modern editions that I have been able to consult, these + lines are thus printed and punctuated:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Their form confounded makes most form in mirth;</p> + <p>When great things labouring perish in the birth:"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and <i>their</i> is referred to <i>contents</i>. I certainly seem to + have been the first to refer it to <i>things</i>.</p> + + <p>Allow me, as it is my last, to give once more the whole passage as it + is in the folios, unaltered by <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>'s + Magnus Apollo, and with my own punctuation:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"That sport best pleases, that doth least know how,</p> + <p>Where zeal strives to content, and the contents</p> + <p>Dyes in the zeal of that which it presents.</p> + <p>Their form confounded makes most form in mirth,</p> + <p>When great things labouring perish in the birth."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Love's Labour's Lost</i>, Act V. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>My interpretation, it will be seen, beside referring <i>their</i> to + <i>things</i>, makes <i>dyes in</i> signify <i>tinges</i>, <i>imbues + with</i>; of which use of the expression I now offer the following + instances:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And the grey ocean <i>into purple dye</i>."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Faery Queene</i>, ii. 10. 48.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Are deck'd with blossoms <i>dyed in white and red</i>."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Ib.</i>., ii. 12. 12.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Dyed in</i> the dying <i>slaughter</i> of their foes."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>King John</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And it was <i>dyed in mummy</i>."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Othello</i>, Act III. Sc. 4.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O truant Muse! what shall be thy amends</p> + <p>For thy neglect of truth <i>in beauty dyed</i>?"</p> + <p class="i8">Sonn. 101.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>For the use of this figure I may quote from the Shakspeare of + France:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Mais pour moi, qui, caché sous une autre aventure,</p> + <p>D'une âme plus commune ai pris quelque <i>teinture</i>."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Héraclius</i>, Act III. Sc. 1.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The house ought to <i>dye</i> all the surrounding country with a + strength of colouring, and to an extent proportioned to its own + importance."—<i>Life of Wordsworth</i>, i. 355.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Another place on which I had offered a conjecture, and which <span + class="sc">Mr. A.</span> takes under his patronage, is "Clamor your + tongues" (<i>Winter's Tale</i>, Act IV. Sc. 4.) and in proof of + <i>clamor</i> being the right word, he quotes passages from a book + printed in 1542, in which are <i>chaumbreed</i> and <i>chaumbre</i>, in + the sense of restraining. I see little resemblance here to <i>clamor</i>, + and he does not say that he would substitute <i>chaumbre</i>. He says, + "Most judiciously does Nares reject Gifford's corruption of this word + into <i>charm</i> [it was Grey not Gifford]; nor will the suffrage of the + 'clever' old commentator," &c. It is very curious, only that we + <i>criticasters</i> are so apt to overrun our game, that the only place + where "charm your tongue" really occurs, seems to have escaped <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>. In <i>Othello</i>, Act V. Sc. 2., Iago + says to his wife, "Go to, charm your tongue;" and she replies, "I will + not charm my tongue." My conjecture was that <i>clamor</i> was + <i>clam</i>, or, as it was usually spelt, <i>clem</i>, to press or + restrain; and to this I still adhere.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">"When my entrails</p> + <p>Were <i>clemmed</i> with keeping a perpetual fast."</p> + <p class="i8">Massinger, <i>Rom. Actor.</i>, Act II. Sc. 1.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I cannot eat stones and turfs: say, what will he <i>clem</i> me and + my followers?"—Jonson, <i>Poetaster</i>, Act I. Sc. 2.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Hard is the choice when the valiant must eat their arms or + <i>clem</i>." Id., <i>Every Man Out of his Humour</i> Act III. Sc. 6.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In these places of Jonson, <i>clem</i> is usually rendered + <i>starve</i>; but it appears to me, from the kindred of the term, that + it is used elliptically. Perhaps, instead of "Till famine <i>cling</i> + thee" (<i>Macbeth</i>, Act V. Sc. 5.), Shakspeare wrote "Till <!-- Page + 616 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page616"></a>{616}</span> famine + <i>clem</i> thee." While in the region of conjecture, I will add that + <i>coasting</i>, in <i>Troilus and Cressida</i> (Act IV. Sc. 5.), is, in + my opinion, simply accosting, lopped in the usual way by aphæresis; and + that "the still-peering air" in <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i> (Act + III. Sc. 2.), is, by the same figure, "the still-appearing air," + <i>i. e.</i> the air that appears still and silent, but that yet + "<i>sings</i> with piercing."</p> + + <p>One conjecture more, and I have done. I do not like altering the text + without absolute necessity; but there was always a puzzle to me in this + passage:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">"Where I find him, were it</p> + <p>At home, upon my brother's guard, even there,</p> + <p>Against the hospitable canon, would I</p> + <p>Wash my fierce hand in 's blood."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Coriol.</i>, Act I. Sc. 10.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Why should Aufidius speak thus of a brother who is not mentioned + anywhere else in the play or in Plutarch? It struck me one day that + Shakspeare <i>might</i> have written, "Upon my household hearth;" and on + looking into North's <i>Plutarch</i>, I found that when Coriolanus went + to the house of Aufidius, "he got him up straight to <i>the + chimney-hearth</i>, and sate him downe." The poet who adhered so + faithfully to his <i>Plutarch</i> may have wished to preserve this image, + and, <i>chimney</i> not being a very poetic word, may have substituted + <i>household</i>, or some equivalent term. Again I say this is all but + conjecture.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Keightley.</span> + + <p>P.S.—It is really very annoying to have to reply to unhandsome + and unjust accusations. The <span class="sc">Rev. Mr. Arrowsmith</span> + first transposes two lines of Shakspeare, and then, by notes of + admiration, holds me up as a mere simpleton; and then A. E. B. charges me + with having pirated from him my explanation of a passage in <i>Love's + Labour's Lost</i>, Act V. Sc. 2. Let any one compare his (in "N. & + Q.," Vol. vi., p. 297.) with mine (Vol. vii., p. 136.), and he will see + the utter falseness of the assertion. <i>He</i> makes <i>contents</i> the + nom. to <i>dies</i>, taken in its ordinary sense (rather an unusual + concord). <i>I</i> take <i>dyes</i> in the sense of tinges, imbues with, + and make it governed of <i>zeal</i>. But perhaps it is to the full-stop + at <i>presents</i> that the "that's my thunder!" applies. I answer, that + that was a necessary consequence of the sense in which I had taken + <i>dies</i>, and that <i>their</i> must then refer to <i>things</i> + maugre <span class="sc">Mr. Arrowsmith</span>. And when he says that I + "do him the honour of requoting the line with which he had supported it," + I merely observe that it is the line immediately following, and that I + have eyes and senses as well as A. E. B.</p> + + <p>A. E. B. deceives himself, if he thinks that literary fame is to be + acquired in this way. I do not much approve either of the manner in + which, at least to my apprehension, in his opening paragraph, he seems to + insinuate a charge of forgery against <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span>. Finally, I can tell him that he need not crow and clap + his wings so much at his emendation of the passage in <i>Lear</i>, for, + if I mistake not, few indeed will receive it. It may be nuts to him and + <span class="sc">Mr. Arrowsmith</span> to know that they have succeeded + in driving my name out of the "N. & Q."</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>RED HAIR A REPROACH.</h3> + + <p>I do not know the why or the wherefore, but in every part of England I + have visited, there appears to be a deep-rooted prejudice in the eyes of + the million against people with red hair. Tradition, whether truly or not + must remain a mystery, assigns to Absalom's hair a reddish tinge; and + Judas, the traitorous disciple, is ever painted with locks of the same + unhappy colour. Shakspeare, too, seems to have been embued with the like + morbid feeling of distrust for those on whose hapless heads the invidious + mark appeared. In his play of <i>As You Like It</i>, he makes Rosalind + (who is pettishly complaining of her lover's tardiness coming to her) say + to Celia:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Ros.</i> His very hair is of the dissembling colour.</p> + <p><i>Celia.</i> Something browner than Judas'."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It will be apparent from this quotation, that in England, at any rate, + the prejudice spoken of is not of very recent development; and that it + has not yet vanished before the intellectual progress of our race, will, + I think, be painfully evident to many a bearer of this unenviable + distinction. It seems to be generally supposed, by those who harbour the + doctrine, that red-headed people are dissemblers, deceitful, and, in + fact, not to be trusted like others whose hair is of a different colour; + and I may add, that I myself know persons who, on that account alone, + never admit into their service any whose hair is thus objectionable. In + Wales, <i>pen coch</i> (red head) is a term of reproach universally + applied to all who come under the category; and if such a wight should by + any chance involve himself in a scrape, it is the signal at once for a + regular tirade against all who have the misfortune to possess hair of the + same fiery colour.</p> + + <p>I cannot bring myself to believe that there is any really valid + foundation for this prejudice; and certainly, if not, it were indeed a + pity that the superstitious feeling thus engendered is not at once and + for ever banished from the memory.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS, 1714.</h3> + + <p><i>Daily Courant</i>, Jan. 9, 1714:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Rome, Dec. 16.—The famous painter, Carlo Maratta, died some + days ago, in the ninetieth year of his age."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>The Post Boy</i>, Jan. 12-14, 1714.—<i>Old MSS. relating to + Winchester.</i>—In the <i>Post Boy</i>, Jan. <!-- Page 617 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page617"></a>{617}</span> 12-14, 1714, appears + the following curious advertisement:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<i>Winchester Antiquities</i>, written by Mr. Trussell, Dr. Bettes, + and Mr. Butler of St. Edmund's Bury, in one of which manuscripts is the + <i>Original of Cities</i>; which manuscripts were never published. If the + person who hath either of them, and will communicate, or permit the same + to be copied or perused, he is earnestly desired to give notice thereof + to Mr. Mathew Imber, one of the aldermen of the city of Winchester, in + the county of Southampton, who is compleating the idea or description of + the ancient and present state of that ancient city, to be speedily + printed; together with a faithful collection of all the memorable and + useful things relating to the same city."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Gough, in his <i>Topography</i>, vol. i. p. 387., thus notices these + MSS.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Wood says (<i>Ath. Ox.</i>, vol. i. p. 448.) that Trussell the + historian, who was alderman of Winchester, continued to Bishop Curll's + time, 1632, an old MS. history of the see and bishops in the Cathedral + library. He also wrote <i>A Description of the City of Winchester; with + an Historical Relation of divers memorable Occurrences touching the + same</i>, and prefixed to it <i>A Preamble of the Original of Cities in + general</i>. In a catalogue of the famous Robert Smith's books, sold by + auction, 1682, No. 24. among the MSS. has this identical title, by J. + Trussell, fol., and was purchased for twelve shillings by a Mr. Rothwell, + a frequent purchaser at this sale. The <i>Description</i>, &c., + written by Trussell about 1620, is now in the hands of John Duthy, Esq.; + and from it large extracts were made in <i>The History and Antiquities of + Winchester</i>, 1773. Bishop Nicolson guesses that it was too voluminous, + and Bishop Kennett that it was too imperfect to be published.</p> + + <p>"The former mentions something on the same subject by Dr. Bettes, + whose book is still in MS.</p> + + <p>"Dr. Butler, of St. Edmund's Bury, made observations on the ancient + monuments of this city under the Romans."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Trussell's MSS. are now in the library of Sir Thomas + Phillipps.—<span class="sc">Ed.</span>]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Last Suicide buried at a Cross Road.</i>—I have reason to + believe that the <i>last</i> person subjected to this barbarous ceremony + was the wretched parricide and suicide Griffiths, who was buried at the + cross road formed by Eaton Street, Grosvenor Place, and the King's Road, + as late as June, 1823. I subjoin the following account from the + <i>Chronicle</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The extreme privacy which the officers observed, as to the hour and + place of interment, increased in a great degree the anxiety of those that + were waiting, and it being suspected that the body would have been + privately carried away, through the back part of the workhouse (St. + George's) into Farm Street Mews, and from thence to its final + destination, different parties stationed themselves at the several + passages through which it must unavoidably pass, in order to prevent + disappointment. All anxiety however, on this account, was ultimately + removed, by preparations being made for the removal of the body through + the principal entry of the workhouse leading into Mount Street, and about + half-past one o'clock the body was brought out in a shell supported on + the shoulders of four men, and followed by a party of constables and + watchmen. The solitary procession, which increased in numbers as it went + along, proceeded up Mount Street, down South Audley Street into Stanhope + Street, from thence into Park Lane through Hyde Park Corner, and along + Grosvenor Place, until its final arrival at the cross road formed by + Eaton Street, Grosvenor Place, and the King's Road. When the procession + arrived at the grave, which had been previously dug, the constables + arranged themselves around it to keep the crowd off, upon which the shell + was laid on the ground, and the body of the unfortunate deceased taken + out. It had on a winding-sheet, drawers, and stockings, and a quantity of + blood was clotted about the head, and the lining of the shell entirely + stained. The body was then wrapped in a piece of Russia matting, tied + round with some cord, and then instantly dropped into the hole, which was + about five feet in depth: it was then immediately filled up, and it was + gratifying to see that that disgusting part of the ceremony of throwing + lime over the body, and driving a stake through it, was on this occasion + dispensed with. The surrounding spectators, consisting of about two + hundred persons, amongst whom were several persons of respectable + appearance, were much disgusted at this horrid ceremony."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Imagine such scene in the "centre of civilisation" only thirty years + ago!</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Vincent T. Sternberg.</span> + + <p><i>Andrew's Edition of Freund's Latin Lexicon.</i>—A singular + plan seems to have been pursued in this valuable lexicon in one point. + Wherever the meaning of a word in a certain passage is disputed, all + reference to that place is omitted! Here are a few examples of this + "dodge" from one book, Horace:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Subjectus.</i> Car. 1. 12. 55.</p> + <p><i>Divido.</i> 1. 15. 15.</p> + <p><i>Incola.</i> 1. 16. 5. <i>Vertex.</i> 3. 24. 6.</p> + <p><i>Pars.</i> 2. 17. 18. <i>Tormentum.</i> 3. 21. 13.</p> + <p><i>Laudo.</i> Ep. 11. 19.</p> + <p><i>Offendo.</i> Ep. 15. 15.</p> + <p><i>Octonus.</i> S. 1. 6. 75.</p> + <p><i>Æra.</i> Ib.</p> + <p><i>Duplex.</i> S. 2. 4. 63.</p> + <p><i>Vulpecula.</i> Epist. 1. 7. 29.</p> + <p><i>Proprius.</i> A. P. 128., &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">A. A. D. + + <p><i>Slang Expressions.</i>—It would be curious to investigate + farther how some odd forms of expression of this kind have crept into, if + not the English language, at least into every-day parlance; and by + <i>what classes of men</i> they have been introduced. I do not of course + mean the vile <i>argot</i>, or St. Giles' <!-- Page 618 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page618"></a>{618}</span> Greek, prevalent among + housebreakers and pick-pockets; though a great deal of that is traceable + to the Rommany or gipsy language, and other sufficiently odd sources: but + I allude more particularly to phrases used by even educated + men—such as "a regular mull," "bosh," "just the cheese," &c. + The first has already been proved an importation from our Anglo-Indian + friends in the pages of "N. & Q."; and I have been informed that the + other two are also exotics from the land of the Qui-Hies. <i>Bosh</i>, + used by us in the sense of "nonsense," "rubbish," is a Persian word, + meaning "dirt" and <i>cheese</i>, a corruption of a Hindostani word + denoting "thing:" which is exactly the sense of the expression I have + quoted. "Just the cheese," "quite the cheese," <i>i. e.</i> just the + thing I require, quite <i>comme il faut</i>, &c.</p> + + <p>Probably some of your correspondents could furnish other examples.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span> + + <p>"<i>Quem Deus vult perdere.</i>"—In Croker's <i>Johnson</i>, + vol. v. p. 60., the phrase, "Quem Deus vult perdere, prius dementat," is + stated to be from a Greek <i>iambic</i> of Euripides:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Hon theos thelei apolesai prôt' apophrenai" class="grk">Ὅν θεὸς θέλει ἀπολέσαι πρῶτ' ἀποφρεναι</span>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This statement is made first by Mr. John Pitts, late Rector of Great + Brickhill, Bucks<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, to Mr. Richard How of Aspley, Beds, + and is taken for granted successively by Boswell, Malone, and Croker. But + no such Greek is, in fact, to be found in Euripides; the words conveying + a like sentiment are,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Hotan de Daimôn andri porsunêi kaka" class="grk">Ὅταν δὲ Δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακὰ</span>,</p> + <p><span title="Ton noun eblapse prôton" class="grk">Τὸν νοῦν ἔβλαψε πρὼτον</span>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The cause of this classical blunder of so many eminent annotators is, + that these words are not to be found in the usual college and school + editions of Euripides. The edition from which the above correct extract + is made is in ten volumes, published at Padua in 1743-53, with an Italian + translation in verse by P. Carmeli, and is to be found in vol. x. p. 268. + as the 436-7th verses of the <i>Tragedie incerte</i>, the meaning of + which he thus gives in prose "Quando vogliono gli Dei far perire alcuno, + gli toglie la mente."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T.J. Buckton</span>. + + <p class="address">Lichfield. + + <p>P.S.—In Croker's <i>Johnson</i>, vol. iv. p. 170., the phrase + "<i>Omnia</i> mea mecum porto" is incorrectly quoted from <i>Val. + Max.</i> vii. 2., instead of "<i>Bona</i> mea mecum porto."</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>This gentleman is wrong in saying <i>demento</i> is of no authority, + as it is found in Lactantius. (See Facciolati.)</p> + +</div> + <p><i>White Roses.</i>—The paragraph quoted from "an old + newspaper," dated Saturday, June 15th, 1723, alludes to the commemoration + of the birthday of King James VIII. (the 10th of June), which was the + Monday mentioned as that before the Saturday on which the newspaper was + published. All faithful adherents of the House of Stuart showed their + loyalty by wearing the white rose (its distinguishing badge) on the 10th + of June, when no other way was left them of declaring their devotion to + the exiled family; and, from my own knowledge, I can affirm that there + still exist some people who would think that day desecrated unless they + wore a white rose, or, when that is not to be procured, a cockade of + white ribbon, in token of their veneration for the memory of him of whose + birth it is the anniversary.</p> + + <p class="author">L. M. M. R. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>"MERK LANDS" AND "URES."—NORWEGIAN ANTIQUITIES.</h3> + + <p>In Shetland, at the present day, all public assessments are levied, + and divisions made, according to the number of merk lands in a parish. + All arable lands were anciently, under the Norwegian law, rated as + <i>merks</i>,—a merk containing eight <i>ures</i>. These merks are + quite indefinite as to extent. It is, indeed, clear that the ancient + denomination of <i>merk land</i> had not reference to superficial extent + of surface, but was a denomination of value alone, in which was included + the proportion of the surrounding commonty or <i>scattald</i>. Merk lands + are of different values, as sixpenny, ninepenny, twelvepenny,—a + twelvepenny merk having, formerly at least, been considered equal to two + sixpenny merks; and in some old deeds lands are described as thirty merks + sixpenny, otherwise fifteen merks twelvepenny land. All assessments have, + however, for a very long period, been levied and all privileges + apportioned, according to merks, without relation to whether they were + sixpenny or twelvepenny. The ancient rentals of Shetland contain about + fourteen thousand merks of land; and it will be noticed that, however + much the ancient inclosed land be increased by additional improvements, + the number of merks ought to be, and are, stationary. The valued rent, + divided according the merk lands, would make a merk land in Shetland + equal to 2<i>l.</i> Scots of valued rent. There are only one or two + places of Scotland proper where merks are in use,—Stirling and + Dunfermline, I think. As these two places were the occasional residences + of our ancient Scottish kings, it is possible this plan of estimating + land may have obtained there, to equalise and make better understood some + arrangements relating to land entered into between the kings of Norway + and Scotland. Possibly some of the correspondents of "N. & Q." in the + north may be able to throw some light on this subject. It was stated some + time ago that Dr. Munch, Professor in the University of Christiana, had + presented to the Society of Northern Archæology, in <!-- Page 619 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page619"></a>{619}</span> Copenhagen, a + very curious manuscript which he had discovered and purchased during a + voyage to the Orkneys and Shetland in 1850. The manuscript is said to be + in good preservation, and the form of the characters assigns the tenth, + or perhaps the ninth century as its date. It is said to contain, in the + Latin tongue, several episodes of Norwegian history, relating to + important facts hitherto unknown, and which throw much light on feudal + tenures, holdings, superstitions, omens, &c., which have been handed + down to our day, with their origin involved in obscurity, and on the + darkness of the centuries that preceded the introduction of Christianity + into Norway. Has this manuscript ever been printed?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kirkwallensis.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE LEIGH PEERAGE, AND STONELEY ESTATES, WARWICKSHIRE.</h3> + + <p>The fifth Lord Leigh left his estates to his sister, the Hon. Mary + Leigh, for her life, and at her decease without issue to "the first and + nearest of his kindred, being male, and of his name and blood," &c. + On the death of Mrs. Mary Leigh in 1806, the estates were taken + possession of by her very distant kinsman, the Rev. Thomas Leigh. The + first person to dispute his right to them was Mr. George Smith Leigh, who + claimed them as being descended from a <i>daughter</i> of Sir Thomas + Leigh, son of the first Baron Leigh. His claim was not allowed, because + he had the name of Leigh only <i>by royal license, and not by + inheritance</i>. Subsequently, the Barony of Leigh was claimed by another + Mr. George Leigh, of Lancashire, as descended from a son of the Hon. + Christopher Leigh (fourth son of the aforesaid Sir Thomas Leigh), by his + second wife. His claim was disallowed when heard by a committee of the + House of Lords in 1828, because he could not prove the second marriage of + Christopher Leigh, nor the birth of any son by such marriage.</p> + + <p>Being about to print a genealogy of the Leigh family, I should be + under an obligation to any one who will, without delay furnish me + with—</p> + + <p>1st. The descent, with dates, of the aforesaid Mr. George <i>Smith</i> + Leigh from Sir Thomas Leigh.</p> + + <p>2nd. The wife, and descendants to the present time, of the aforesaid + Mr. George Leigh.</p> + + <p>In return for this information I shall be happy to send my informant a + copy of the genealogy when it is printed. I give you my name and + address.</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. G. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Phillips Family.</i>—Is there a family of Phillips now + bearing the ancient arms of William Phillips, Lord Bardolph: viz. + Quarterly, gu. and az., in the chief dexter quarter an eagle displayed + or.</p> + + <p class="author">H. G. S. + + <p><i>Engine-à-verge.</i>—What is the <i>engine-à-verge</i>, + mentioned by P. Daniel in his <i>Hist. de la Milice Franc.</i>, and what + the origin of the name?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape.</span> + + <p><i>Garrick's Funeral Epigram.</i>—Who is the author of these + verses?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Through weeping London's crowded streets,</p> + <p class="i1">As Garrick's funeral pass'd,</p> + <p>Contending wits and poets strove</p> + <p class="i1">Which should desert him last.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Not so this world behaved to Him</p> + <p class="i1">Who came this world to save;</p> + <p>By solitary Joseph borne</p> + <p class="i1">Unheeded to the grave."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">K. N. + + <p><i>The Rosicrucians.</i>—I should be extremely glad of a little + information respecting "the Brethren of the Rosy Cross." Was there ever a + regular fraternity of philosophers bearing this appellation; or was it + given merely as a title to all students in alchemy?</p> + + <p>I should wish to obtain a list of works which might contain a record + of their studies and discoveries. I subjoin the few in my own library, + which I imagine to belong to this class.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>Albertus Magnus de Animalibus, libr. xxvi. fol. Venet. 1495.</p> + + <p>Albertus Magnus de Secretis Mulierum, de Virtutibus Herbarum, Lapidum + at Animalium.</p> + + <p>Albertus Magnus de Miribilibus Mundi, item.</p> + + <p>Michael Scotus de Secretis Naturæ, 12mo., Lugd. 1584.</p> + + <p>Henr. Corn. Agrippa on the Vanitie of Sciences, 4to., London, + 1575.</p> + + <p>Joann. Baptist. Van Helmont, Opera Omnina, 4to., Francofurti, + 1682.</p> + + <p>Dr. Charleton, Ternary of Paradoxes, London, 1650.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps some of your correspondents will kindly furnish me with + notices of other works by these writers, and by others who have written + on similar subjects, as Paracelsus, &c.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span> + + <p><i>Passage in Schiller.</i>—In the <i>Memoirs of a Stomach</i>, + lately published, the editor asks a question of you: "Is it Schiller who + says, 'The metaphysical part of love commences with the first sigh, and + terminates with the first kiss'?" I pray you look to the merry and witty + and learned little book, and respond to his Query.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Amicus.</span> + + <p><i>Sir John Vanbrugh.</i>—This eminent architect and poet of the + last century is stated by his biographers to have been "born in + Cheshire." Can anybody furnish me with the place and date of his + birth?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span> + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p><i>Historical Engraving.</i>—I have an ancient engraving, size + 14¾ in. wide and 11¾ in. high, without title or engraver's name, which I + should be <!-- Page 620 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page620"></a>{620}</span> glad to authenticate. It appears to + represent Charles II. at the Hague in 1660.</p> + + <p>The foreground is occupied by groups of figures in the costume of the + period. In the distance is seen a street in perspective, down which the + royal carriage is proceeding, drawn by six horses. On one side is a row + of horses, on the other an avenue of trees. To the right of this is a + canal, on the bank of which a battery of seven guns is firing a salute. + The opposite bank is occupied by public buildings.</p> + + <p>In the air a figure of Fame holds a shield charged with the royal arms + of England, surrounded by a garter, without the motto. Five cherubs in + various positions are dispersed around, holding respectively a globe, a + laurel crown, palm branches, &c., and a crowned shield bearing a lion + rampant, and a second with a stork, whose beak holds a serpent.</p> + + <p>A portion of the zodiacal circle, containing Libra, Scorpio, and + Sagittarius, marks, I suppose, the month in which the event took + place.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span> + + <p><i>Hall-close, Silverstone, Northamptonshire.</i>—Adjoining the + church-yard is a greensward field called "Hall-close," which is more + likely to be the site of the mansion visited by the early kings of + England, when hunting in Whittlebury Forest, than the one mentioned by + Bridles in his History of the county. About 1798, whilst digging here, a + fire-place containing ashes was discovered; also many large wrought + freestones.</p> + + <p>The well, close by, still retains the name of Hall-well; and there are + other things in the immediate vicinity which favour the supposition; but + can an extract from an old MS., as a will, deed, indenture, &c., be + supplied to confirm it?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Wake.</span> + + <p class="address">Stepney. + + <p><i>Junius's Letters to Wilkes.</i>—Where are the original + letters addressed by Junius to Mr. Wilkes? The editor of the <i>Grenville + Papers</i> says, "It is uncertain in whose custody the letters now + remain, many unsuccessful attempts having been <i>recently</i> made to + ascertain the place of their deposit."</p> + + <p class="author">D. G. + + <p><i>The Reformer's Elm.</i>—What was the origin of the name of + "The Reformer's Elm?" Where and what was it?</p> + + <p class="author">C. M. T. + + <p class="address">Oare. + + <p><i>How to take Paint off old Oak.</i>—Can any of your + correspondents inform me of some way to take paint off old oak?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. M. Middleton.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Cadenus and Vanessa.</i>—What author is referred to in the + lines in Swift's "Cadenus and Vanessa,"—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He proves as sure as <span class="sc">God</span>'s in Gloster,</p> + <p>That Moses was a grand impostor;</p> + <p>That all his miracles were tricks," &c.?</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[These lines occur in the Dean's verses "On the Death of Dr. Swift," + and refer to Thomas Woolston, the celebrated heterodox divine, who, as + stated in a note quoted in Scott's edition, "for want of bread hath, in + several treatises, in the most blasphemous manner, attempted to turn our + Saviour's miracles in ridicule."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Boom.</i>—Is there an English verb active <i>to boom</i>, and + what is the precise meaning of it? Sir Walter Scott uses the + participle:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The bittern <i>booming</i> from the sedgy shallow."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Lady of the Lake</i>, canto i. 31.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Vogel.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Richardson defines <span class="sc">Boom</span>, v., applied as + <i>bumble</i> by Chaucer, and <i>bump</i> by Dryden, to the noise of the + bittern, and quotes from Cotton's <i>Night's Quatrains</i>,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Philomel chants it whilst it bleeds,</p> + <p>The bittern <i>booms</i> it in the reeds," &c.]</p> + </div> + </div> +</div> + + <p>"<i>A Letter to a Member of Parliament.</i>"—Who was the author + of <i>A Letter to a Member of Parliament</i>, occasioned by <i>A Letter + to a Convocation Man</i>: W. Rogers, London, 1697?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Attributed to Mr. Wright, a gentleman of the Bar, who maintains the + same opinions with Dr. Wake.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Ancient Chessmen.</i>—I should be glad to learn, through the + medium of "N. & Q.," some particulars relative to the sixty-four + chessmen and fourteen draughtsmen, made of walrus tusk, found in the Isle + of Lewis in Scotland, and now in case 94. Mediæval Collection of the + British Museum?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hornoway.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[See <i>Archæologia</i>, vol. xxiv. p. 203., for a valuable article, + entitled "Historical Remarks on the introduction of the Game of Chess + into Europe, and on the ancient Chessmen discovered in the Isle of Lewis, + by Frederick Madden, Esq., F.R.S., in a Letter addressed to Henry Ellis, + Esq., F.R.S., Secretary."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Guthryisms.</i>—In a work entitled <i>Select Trials at the + Old Bailey</i> is an account of the trial and execution of Robert Hallam, + for murder, in the year 1731. Narrating the execution of the criminal, + and mentioning some papers which he had prepared, the writer says: "We + will not tire the reader's patience with transcribing these prayers, in + which we can see nothing more than commonplace phrases and unmeaning + <i>Guthryisms</i>." What <!-- Page 621 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page621"></a>{621}</span> is the meaning of this last word, and to + whom does it refer?</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[James Guthrie was chaplain of Newgate in 1731; and the phrase + <i>Guthryisms</i>, we conjecture, agrees in common parlance with a later + saying, that of "stuffing <i>Cotton</i> in the prisoner's ears."]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>CORRESPONDENCE OF CRANMER AND CALVIN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 501.)</p> + + <p>The question put by C. D., respecting the existence of letters said to + have passed between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, and to exist in print + at Geneva, upon the seeming sanction given by our liturgy to the belief + that baptism confers regeneration, is a revival of an inquiry made by + several persons about ten years ago. It then induced M. Merle d'Aubigné + to make the search of which C. D. has heard; and the result of that + search was given in a communication from the Protestant historian to the + editor of the <i>Record</i>, bearing date April 22, 1843.</p> + + <p>I have that communication before me, as a cutting from the + <i>Record</i>; but have not preserved the date of the number in which it + appeared<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>, + though likely to be soon after its receipt by the editor. Merle d'Aubigné + says, in his letter, that both the printed and manuscript correspondence + of Calvin, in the public library of Geneva, had been examined in vain by + himself, and by Professor Diodati the librarian, for any such topic; but + he declares himself disposed to believe that the assertion, respecting + which C. D. inquires, arose from the following passage in a letter from + Calvin to the English primate:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Sic correctæ sunt externæ superstitiones, ut residui maneant innumeri + surculi, qui assidue pullulent. <i>Imo ex corruptelis papatus audio + relictum esse congeriem, quæ non obscuret modo, sed propemodum obruat + purum et genuinum Dei cultum</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Part of this letter, but with important omissions, had been published + by Dean Jenkyns in 1833. (<i>Cranmer's Remains</i>, vol. i. p. 347.) M. + d'Aubigné's communication gave the whole of it; and it ought to have + appeared in the Parker Society volume of original letters relative to the + English Reformation. That volume contains one of Calvin's letters to the + Protector Somerset; but omits another, of which Merle d'Aubigné's + communication supplied a portion, containing this important sentence:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Quod ad formulam precum et rituum ecclesiasticorum, <i>valde probo ut + certa illa extet, a qua pastoribus discedere in functione sua non + liceat</i>, tam ut consulatur quorumdam simplicitati et imperitiæ, quam + ut certius ita constet omnium inter se ecclesiarum consensus."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Another portion of a letter from Calvin, communicated by D'Aubigné, is + headed in the <i>Record</i> "Cnoxo et gregalibus, S. D.;" but seems to be + the one cited in the Parker Society, vol. ii. of <i>Letters</i>, pp. + 755-6, notes 941, as a letter to Richard Cox and others; so that + <i>Cnoxo</i> should have been Coxo.</p> + + <p>The same valuable communication farther contained the letter of + Cranmer inviting Calvin to unite with <span class="correction" + title="'Malancthon' in original">Melancthon</span> and Bullinger in + forming arrangements for holding a Protestant synod in some safe place; + meaning in England, as he states more expressly to Melancthon. This + letter, however, had been printed entire by Dean Jenkyns, vol. i. p. + 346.; and it is given, with an English translation, in the Parker Society + edition of <i>Cranmer's Works</i> as Letter <span + class="sc">ccxcvii.</span>, p. 431. It is important, as proving that + Heylyn stated what was untrue, <i>Eccles. Restaur.</i>, p. 65.; where he + has said, "Calvin had offered his assistance to Archbishop Cranmer. But + the archbishop knew the man, and refused his offer." Instead of such an + offer, Calvin replied courteously and affectionately to Cranmer's + invitation; but says, "Tenuitatem meam facturam spero, ut mihi parcatur + ... Mihi utinam par studii ardori suppeteret facultas." This reply, the + longest letter in their correspondence, is printed in the note attached + to Cranmer's letter (Park. Soc., as above, p. 432.; and a translation of + it in Park. Soc. <i>Original Letters</i>, vol. ii. p. 711.: and there are + extracts from it in Jenkyns, p. 346., n.p.). D'Aubigné gave it entire; + but has placed both Calvin's letters to the archbishop before the + latter's epistle to him, to which they both refer.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Walter.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>It appeared in the No. for May 15, 1849.—<span + class="sc">Ed.</span></p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>"POPULUS VULT DECIPI."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 572.)</p> + + <p>If <span class="sc">Mr. Temple</span> will turn to p. 141. of Mathias + Prideaux's <i>Easy and Compendious Introduction for reading all Sorts of + Histories</i>, 6th edit., Oxford, 1682, small 4to., he will find his + Query thus answered:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It was this Pope's [Paul IV.] Legate, <i>Cardinal Carafa</i>, that + gave this blessing to the devout Parisians, <i>Quandoquidem populus + decipi vult, decipiatur</i>. Inasmuch as this people <i>will</i> be + deceived, let them be deceived."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This book of Prideaux's is full of mottoes, of which I shall give a + few instances. Of Frederick Barbarosa "his saying was, <i>Qui nescit + dissimulare, nescit imperare</i>:" of Justinian "His word was, <i>Summum + jus, summa injuria</i>—The rigour of the law may prove injurious to + conscience:" of Theodosius II. "His motto was, <i>Tempori + parendum</i>—We must fit us (as far as it may be done with a good + conscience) to the time wherein we live, with Christian prudence:" of + Nerva "His motto sums <!-- Page 622 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page622"></a>{622}</span> up his excellencies, <i>Mens bona regnum + possidet</i>—My mind to me a kingdom is:" of Richard Cœur de + Lion, "The motto of <i>Dieu et mon droit</i> is attributed to him; + ascribing the victory he had at Gisors against the French, not to + himself, but to God and His might."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span> + + <p>Cardinal Carafa seems to have been the author of the above memorable + dictum. Dr. John Prideaux thus alludes to the circumstance:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Cardinalis (ut ferunt) quidam <span title="meta pollês phantasias" class="grk" + >μετὰ πολλῆς + φαντασίας</span> + Lutetiam aliquando ingrediens, cum instant importunius turbæ ut + benedictionem impertiret: <i>Quandoquidem</i> (inquit) <i>hic populus + vult decipi, decipiatur in nomine Diaboli</i>."—<i>Lectiones + Novem</i>, p. 54.: Oxoniæ, 1625, 4to.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I must also quote from Dr. Jackson:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Do all the learned of that religion in heart approve that commonly + reported saying of Leo X., '<i>Quantum profuit nobis fabula Christi</i>,' + and yet resolve (as Cardinal Carafa did, <i>Quoniam populus iste vult + decipi, decipiatur</i>) to puzzle the people in their + credulity?"—<i>Works</i>, vol. i. p. 585.: Lond. 1673, fol.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The margin directs me to the following passage in Thuanus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Inde Carafa Lutetiam regni metropolim tanquam Pontificis legatus + solita pompa ingreditur, ubi cum signum crucis, ut fit, ederet, verborum, + quæ proferri mos est, loco, ferunt eum, ut erat securo de numine animo et + summus religionis derisor, occursante passim populo et in genua ad ipsius + conspectum procumbente, sæpius secreta murmuratione hæc verba + ingeminasse: <i>Quandoquidem populus iste vult decipi, + decipiatur</i>."—<i>Histor.</i>, lib. xvii., ad ann. 1556, vol. i. + p. 521.: Genevæ, 1626, fol.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Gibbings.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>LATIN—LATINER.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 423.)</p> + + <p>Latin was likewise used for the language or song of birds:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"E cantino gli angelli</p> + <p>Ciascuno in suo <i>Latino</i>."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Dante</i>, canzone i.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"This faire kinges doughter Canace,</p> + <p>That on hire finger bare the queinte ring,</p> + <p>Thurgh which she understood wel every thing</p> + <p>That any foule may in his <i>leden</i> sain,</p> + <p>And coude answere him in his <i>leden</i> again,</p> + <p>Hath understonden what this faucon seyd."</p> + <p class="i8">Chaucer, <i>The Squieres Tale</i>, 10746.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Chaucer, it will be observed, uses the Anglo-Saxon form of the word. + <i>Leden</i> was employed by the Anglo-Saxons in the sense of language + generally, as well as to express the Latin tongue.</p> + + <p>In the German version of Sir Tristram, Latin is also used for the song + of birds, and is so explained by Ziemann:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<i>Latin</i>, Latein; für jede fremde eigenthümliche Sprache, selbst + für den <i>Vogelgesang</i>. Tristan und Isolt, 17365."—Ziemann, + <i>Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Spenser, who was a great imitator of Chaucer, probably derives the + word <i>leden</i> or <i>ledden</i> from him:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thereto he was expert in prophecies,</p> + <p>And could the <i>ledden</i> of the gods unfold."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>The Faerie Queene</i>, book iv. ch. xi. st. 19.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And those that do to Cynthia expound</p> + <p>The <i>ledden</i> of straunge languages in charge."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Colin Clout</i>, 744.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the last passage, perhaps, <i>meaning, knowledge</i>, best + expresses the sense. <i>Ledden</i> may have been one of the words which + led Ben Jonson to charge Spenser with "affecting the ancients." However, + I find it employed by one of his cotemporaries, Fairfax:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"With party-colour'd plumes and purple bill,</p> + <p class="i1">A wond'rous bird among the rest there flew,</p> + <p>That in plain speech sung love-lays loud and shrill,</p> + <p class="i1">Her <i>leden</i> was like human language true."</p> + <p class="i8">Fairfax's <i>Tasso</i>, book xvi. st. 13.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The expression <i>lede, in lede</i>, which so often occurs in Sir + Tristram, may also have arisen from the Anglo-Saxon form of the word + <i>Latin</i>. Sir W. Scott, in his Glossary, explains it: "<i>Lede, in + lede. In language</i>, an expletive, synonymous to <i>I tell you</i>." + The following are a few of the passages in which it is found:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Monestow neuer in <i>lede</i></p> + <p class="i2">Nought lain."—Fytte i. st. 60.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"In <i>lede</i> is nought to layn,</p> + <p>He set him by his side."—Fytte i. st. 65.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Bothe busked that night,</p> + <p>To Beliagog in <i>lede</i>."—Fytte iii. st. 59.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is not necessary to descant on thieves' Latin, dog-Latin, <i>Latin + de Cuisine</i>, &c.; but I should be glad to learn when dog-Latin + first appeared in our language.</p> + + <p class="author">E. M. B. + + <p class="address">Lincoln. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>JACK.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 326.)</p> + + <p>The list of <i>Jacks</i> supplied by your correspondent <span + class="sc">John Jackson</span> is amusing and curious. A few additions + towards a complete collection may not be altogether unacceptable or + unworthy of notice.</p> + + <p>Supple (usually pronounced souple) <i>Jack</i>, a flexible cane; + <i>Jack</i> by the hedge, a plant (<i>Erysimum cordifolium</i>); the + <i>jacks</i> of a harpsichord; <i>jack</i>, an engine to raise ponderous + bodies (Bailey); <i>Jack</i>, the male of birds of sport (Ditto); + <i>Jack</i> of Dover, a joint twice dressed (Ditto, from Chaucer); + <i>jack</i> pan, used by barbers (Ditto); <i>jack</i>, a frame used by + sawyers. I have also noted <i>Jack</i>-Latin, <i>Jack</i>-a-nod, but + cannot give their authority or meaning. <!-- Page 623 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page623"></a>{623}</span></p> + + <p>The term was very familiar to our older writers. The following to + Dodsley's <i>Collection of old Plays</i> (1st edition, 1744) may assist + in explaining its use:</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Jacks" title="Jacks"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right"> + <p>Vol. I.—</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page 45. Jack Strawe.<br /> Page 65. New Jack.<br /> Page 217. Sir + Jacke.<br /> Page 232. Jack Fletcher.<br /> Page 263. Jacknapes.<br + /> Page 271. Jack Sauce.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right"> + <p>Vol. II.—</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page 139. Clapper Jack.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right"> + <p>Vol. III.—</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page 34. Prating Jack.<br /> Page 64. Jack-a-lent.<br /> Page 168. + His Jacks.<br /> Page 214. Black + Jacks.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right"> + <p>Vol. V.—</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page 161. Every Jack.<br /> Page 341. + Skip-Jack.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right"> + <p>Vol. VI.—</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page 290. Jack Sauce.<br /> Page 325. Flap-Jacks.<br /> Page 359. + Whirling Jacks.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right"> + <p>Vol. VIII.—</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page 55. Jack Sauce.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right"> + <p>Vol. X.—</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Pages 46. 49. His Jack.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>Your correspondent is perhaps aware that Dr. Johnson is disposed to + consider the derivation from <i>John</i> to be an error, and rather + refers the word to the common usage of the French word Jacques (James). + His conjecture seems probable, from many of its applications in this + language. <i>Jacques</i>, a jacket, is decidedly French; <i>Jacques</i> + de mailles equally so; and the word <i>Jacquerie</i> embraces all the + catalogue of virtues and vices which we connect with our <i>Jack</i>.</p> + + <p>On the other hand, <i>John</i>, in his integrity, occurs familiarly in + <i>John</i> Bull, <i>John</i>-a-Nokes, <i>John</i> Doe, <i>John</i> + apple, <i>John</i> Doree, Blue <i>John</i>, <i>John</i> Trot, + <i>John's</i> Wort, <i>John</i>-a-dreams, &c.; and Poor <i>John</i> + is found in Dodsley, vol. viii. pp. 197. 356.</p> + + <p class="author">C. H. P. + + <p class="address">Brighton. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PASSAGE IN ST. JAMES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 549)</p> + + <p>On referring to the passage cited by S. S. S. in Bishop Taylor's + <i>Holy Dying</i>, vol. iv. p. 345. (Heber's edit.), I find I had marked + two passages in St. James's Epistle as being those to which, in all + probability, the bishop alluded; one in the first chapter, and one in the + third. In the commencement of his Epistle St. James exhorts his hearers + to exercise patience in all the worldly accidents that might befal them; + to resign themselves into God's hands, and accept in faith whatever might + happen. He then proceeds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"If any of you lack wisdom" (prudentia ad dijudicandum quid in + singulis circumstantiis agendum sit—<i>Grotius</i>), "let him ask + of God" (postulet ab eo, qui dat, nempe Deo: ut intelligas non aliunde + petendum sapientiam.—<i>Erasmus</i>).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again, in chap. iii. 13., he asks:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Who is a wise man, and endued with knowledge among you" (<span + title="epistêmôn" class="grk" + >ἐπιστήμων</span>, + <i>i. e.</i> sciens, sive scientià præditus, quod recentiores vocant + scientificus.—<i>Erasmus</i>).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>He bids him prove his wisdom by submission to the truth; for that + cunning craftiness which manifests itself only in generating heresies and + contentions, is—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Not from above," <span title="all' epigeios, Psuchikê " class="grk" + >ἀλλ' + ἐπίγειος, + Ψυχικὴ </span> (animalis,—ista + sapientia a natura est, non a Deo) <span title="daimoniôdês" class="grk" + >δαιμονιώδης</span>.—<i>Vid.</i> + Eph. ii. 2., and 2 Cor. iv. 4.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>These passages would naturally afford ample scope for the exuberant + fancy of ancient commentators; and it is not unreasonable to suppose that + Bishop Taylor may have had the remarks of one of these writers running in + his mind, when he quoted St. James as reprobating, with such minuteness + of detail, the folly of consulting oracles, spirits, sorcerers, and the + like.</p> + + <p>I have not, at present, access to any of the commentators to whom I + allude; so I am unable to confirm this suggestion.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p>There is no uncanonical epistle attributed to this apostle, although + the one received by the English from the Greek and Latin churches was + pronounced uncanonical by Luther. The passage to which Jeremy Taylor + refers, is iv. 13, 14., which he interpreted as referring to an unlawful + inquiry into the future:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Go to now, ye that say, To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a + city and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain: whereas + ye know not what shall be on the morrow: for what is your life? It is + even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth + away."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Hug (Wait's Trans., vol. ii. p. 579.) considers the apostle as + reproving the Jews for attempting to evade the national punishment + threatened them, by removing out of their own country of Judæa. Probably, + however, neither Taylor nor Hug are correct in departing from the more + obvious signification, which refers to the mercantile character of the + twelve tribes (i. 1.), arising mainly out of the fact of their + captivities and dispersions (<span title="diasporai" class="grk" + >διασπορᾷ</span>). The + practice is still common in the East for merchants on a large and small + scale to spend a whole season or year in trafficking in one city, and + passing thence to another with the varied products suitable respectively + to each city; and such products were interchanged without that extreme + division of labour or despatch which the magnitude of modern commerce + requires. The whole passage, from James iv. 13. to v. 6. inclusive, must + be taken as specially applicable to the sins of mercantile men whose + <i>works</i> of righteousness St. James (iii. 17-20.) declared to be + wanting, in proof of their holding the <i>faith</i> necessary, <!-- Page + 624 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page624"></a>{624}</span> + according, to St. Paul (Rom. iii. 27.), for their salvation.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span> + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>FAITHFULL TEATE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 529.)</p> + + <p>The <i>Ter Tria</i><a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>, about which your correspondent + J. S. inquires, is neither a rare nor a very valuable book; and if his + copy has cost him more than some three and sixpence, it is a poor + investment of capital. Mine, which is of the second edition, 1669, has + the following book-note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The worthy Faithfull Teate indulges himself in the then prevailing + bad taste of <i>anagramising</i> his name: see the result after the + title. A better play upon his name is that of Jo. Chishull, who, in + lashing the prophane wits of the day, and eulogising the author, has the + following comical allusion thereto:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Let all wise-hearted sav'ring things divine</p> + <p><i>Come suck this</i> <span class="sc">Teat</span> that yields both milk and wine,</p> + <p>Loe depths where elephants may swim, yet here</p> + <p>The weakest lamb of Christ wades without fear.'"</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>The <i>Ter Tria</i> was originally published in 1658; its author, + F. T., was the father of the better known Nahum Tate, the co-translator + of the last authorised version of the Psalms,—a <i>Teat</i> which, + following the metaphor of Mr. Chishull, has nourished not a few + generations of the godly, but now, like a sucked orange, thrown aside for + the more juicy productions of our modern Psalmists. Old Teate (or Tate, + as the junior would have it) is styled in this book, "preacher at + Sudbury." He seems subsequently to have removed to Ireland, where his son + Nahum, the laureat, was born.</p> + + <p class="author">J. O. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>"Ter Tria; or the Doctrine of the Three Sacred Persons: Father, Son, + and Spirit. Principal Graces: Faith, Hope, and Love. Main Duties: Prayer, + Hearing, and Meditation. Summarily digested for the Pleasure and Profit + of the pious and ingenious Reader. By F. T. Tria sunt omnia."</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PARVISE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 528.)</p> + + <p><i>Parvise</i> seems to have been a porch, used as a school or place + for disputation. The <i>parvise</i> mentioned in the Oxford "Little-Go" + (Responsions) Testamur is alluded to in Bishop Cooper's book against + Private Mass (published by the Parker Society). He ridicules his + opponent's arguments as worthy of "a sophister in the parvyse schools." + The Serjeant-at-law, in Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims, had been often at + the <i>paruise</i>. In some notes on this character in a number of the + <i>Penny Magazine</i> for 1840 or 1841, it is farther remarked that the + choristers of Norwich Cathedral were formerly taught in the + <i>parvise</i>, <i>i. e.</i> porch. The chamber over a porch in some + churches may have been the school meant. Instances of this arrangement + were to be found at Doncaster Church (where it was used as a library), + and at Sherborne Abbey Church. The porch here was Norman, and the chamber + Third Pointed; and at the restoration lately effected the pitch of the + roof was raised, and the chamber removed.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">B. A. Oxon.</span> + + <p class="address">Oxford University. + + <p>I believe that the <i>parvisus</i>, or <i>paradisus</i> of the + Responsions Testamur, is the <i>pro-scholium</i> of the divinity school, + otherwise called the "pig-market," from its site having been so occupied + up to the year 1554. This is said to be the locality in which the + Responsions were formerly held.</p> + + <p>It is ordered by the statutes, tit. vi.,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Quod priusquam quis ad Gradum Baccalaurei in Artibus admittatur, in + Parviso semel Quæstionibus Magistrorum Scholarum respondeat."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>However, they go on to direct, "Locus hisce Responsionibus assignetur + Schola Metaphysices;" and there they are at present held. (See the + Glossary to Tyrwhitt's <i>Chaucer</i>; and also Parker's <i>Glossary of + Architecture</i>, ad voc. "Parvise.")</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cheverells.</span> + + <p>The term <i>parvise</i>, though used in somewhat different senses by + old writers, appears to mean strictly a <i>porch</i> or + <i>antechamber</i>. Your correspondent <span class="sc">Oxoniensis</span> + will find in Parker's <i>Glossary</i> ample information respecting this + word, with references to various writers, showing the different meanings + which have been attached to it. "Responsions," or the preliminary + examinations at Oxford, are said to be held <i>in parviso</i>; that is, + in the porch, as it were, or antechamber before the schools, which are + the scene of the greater examinations for the degree.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p>If your correspondent will refer to the word <i>Parvisium</i>, in the + Glossary at the end of Watt's edition of Matthew Paris, he will find a + good deal of information. To this I will add that the word is now in use + in Belgium in another sense. I saw some years since, and again last + summer, in a street leading out of the Grande Place, by one side of the + Halle at Bruges, on a house, this notice,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">"<span class="sc">in pervise</span></p> + <p><span class="sc">verkoopt men drank</span>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">D. P. + + <p class="address">Begbrook. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE CŒNACULUM OF LIONARDO DA VINCI.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 524, 525.)</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Smirke</span>'s paper, questioning the received + opinion as to the points of time and circumstance <!-- Page 625 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page625"></a>{625}</span> expressed in this + celebrated fresco, contains the following sentence:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The work in question is now so generally accessible, through the + medium of <i>accurate</i> engravings, that any one may easily exercise + his own judgment on the matter."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Having within no very distant period spent an hour or two in examining + the original, with copies lying close at hand for the purposes of + comparison, allow me to offer you a few impressions of which, while + fresh, I "made a note" in an interleaved copy of Bishop Burnet's curious + <i>Tour in Italy</i>, which served me as a journal while abroad. Burnet + mentions the Dominican Convent at Milan as in his day "very rich." My + note is as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The Dominican convent is now suppressed. It is a cavalry barracks: + dragoons have displaced Dominicans. There is a fine cupola to the church, + the work of Bramante: in the salle or refectory of this convent was + discovered, since Burnet's time, under a coat of wash or plaster, the + celebrated fresco of Lionardo da Vinci, now so well known to the world by + plates and copies, better finished than the original ever was, in all + probability; certainly better than it is now, after abuse, neglect, damp, + and, worst of all, <i>restoring</i>, have done their joint work upon it. + A visit to this fresco disenchants one wonderfully. It is better to be + satisfied with the fine engravings, and let the original live in its + ideal excellence. The copyists have taken some liberties, of which these + strike me as the chief:</p> + + <p>"First, The Saviour's head is put more on one side, in what I would + call a more languishing position than its actual one.</p> + + <p>"Second, the expression of the figure seated at his left hand is quite + changed. In the copies it is a grave, serious, fine face: in the + original, though now indistinct, it evidently expressed 'open-mouthed + horror' at the declaration, 'One of you shall betray me.'</p> + + <p>"Third, Judas in all copies is identified not only by the held bag of + money, but by the overturned saltcellar at his elbow. This last is not in + the original.</p> + + <p>"The whole fresco, though now as well kept as may be, seems spoiling + fast. There is a Crucifixion at the other end of the same hall, in much + better preservation, though of the same date; and the doorway which the + tasteful Dominicans cut in the wall, through the bottom of the painting, + is, though blocked up, still quite visible. It is but too probable that + the monks valued the absurd and hideous frescoes in the cloisters + outside, representing Saint Dominic's miracles! and the Virgin fishing + souls out of purgatory with a rosary, beyond Lionardo's great work."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>So far my original note, written without supposing that the received + idea, as to the subject of the picture, had ever been questioned. In + reference to the question raised, however, I will briefly say, that, as + recollection serves me, it would require a well-sustained criticism to + convince me that the two disciples at the Saviour's right hand were not + designed to express the point of action described in the 23rd and 24th + verses of chapter xiii. of St. John's Gospel. Possibly <span + class="sc">Mr. Smirke</span> might favour us with the argument of his + MSS. on the group.</p> + + <p class="author">A. B. R. + + <p class="address">Belmont. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>FONT INSCRIPTIONS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 408.)</p> + + <p>I have in my note-book the following entries:—</p> + + <p>Kiddington, Oxon.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"This sacred Font Saint Edward first receaved,</p> + <p>From womb to grace, from grace to glory went</p> + <p>His virtuous life. To this fayre isle beqveth'd.</p> + <p>Prase ... and to vs bvt lent.</p> + <p>Let this remaine the trophies of his fame;</p> + <p>A King baptized from hence a Saint became.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"This Fonte came from the King's Chapell in Islip."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Newark, round the base in black letter:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Suis . Natis . sunt . Deo . hoc . Fonte . Renati . erunt."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>On a pillar adjoining the font is a brass tablet with this + inscription:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"This Font was demolished by the Rebels, May 9, 1646, and rebuilt by + the charity of Nicholas Ridley in 1660."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Kirton, Lincoln:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Orate pro aia Alauni Burton qui fontem istum fieri fec. <span + class="sc">a.d. mccccv</span>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Clee, Lincoln:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The Font is formed of two cylindrical parts, one placed upon the + other, over which, in the shaft of the circular column, is inlaid a small + piece of marble, with a Latin inscription in Saxon characters, referring + to the time of King Richard, and stating it was dedicated to the Holy + Trinity and St. Mary, by Hugh Bishop of Lincoln, <span + class="sc">a.d.</span> 1192."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above are extracts from books, not copied by me from the + fonts.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. B. Relton.</span> + + <p>At Threckingham, Lincolnshire, round the base of the font—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ave Maria gratis . p . d . t."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>At Little Billing, Northamptonshire,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Wilberthus artifex atq; cementarius hunc fabricavit, quisquis suum + venit mergere corpus procul dubio capit."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. P., Jun. + + <p>To the list of these should be added the early English font at Keysoe, + Beds., noticed in the <i>Ecclesiologist</i>, vol. i. p. 124., and figured + in Van Voorst's <i>Baptismal Fonts</i>. It bears the legend in Norman + French:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>+ "Trestui: ke par hiei passerui</p> + <p>Pur le alme Warel prieui:</p> + <p>Ke Deu par sa grace</p> + <p>Verrey merci li face. A<span class="over">m</span>."</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 626 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page626"></a>{626}</span></p> + + <p>Or, in modern French:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Restez: qui par ici passerez</p> + <p>Pour l'âme de Warel priez:</p> + <p>Que Dieu par sa grace</p> + <p>Vraie merci lui fasse. Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cheverells.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BURN AT CROYDON.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 238. 393.)</p> + + <p>The bourne at Croydon is one of the most remarkable of those + intermitting springs which issue from the upper part of the chalk strata + after long-continued rains.</p> + + <p>All porous earth-beds are reservoirs of water, and give out their + supplies more or less copiously according to their states of engorgement; + and at higher or lower levels, as they are more or less replenished by + rain. Rain percolates through the chalk rapidly at all times, it being + greatly fissured and cavernous, and finds vent at the bottom of the + hills, in ordinary seasons, in the perennial springs which issue there, + at the top of the chalk marl, or of the galt (the clay so called) which + underlies the chalk. But when long-continued rains have filled the + fissures and caverns, and the chinks and crannies of the ordinary vents + below are unequal to the drainage, the reservoir as it were overflows, + and the superfluity exudes from the valleys and gullies of the upper + surface; and these occasional sources continue to flow till the + equilibrium is restored, and the perennial vents suffice to carry off the + annual supply. Some approach to the full engorgement here spoken of takes + place annually in many parts of the chalk districts, where springs break + out after the autumnal and winter rains, and run themselves dry again in + the course of a few months, or maybe have intermissions of a year or two, + when the average falls are short. Thence it is we have so many + "Winterbournes" in the counties of Wilts, Hants, and Dorset; as + Winterbourne-basset, Winterbourne-gunner, Winterbourne-stoke, &c. + (Vide Lewis's <i>Topog. Dict.</i>) The highest sources of the Test, + Itchen, and some other of our southern rivers which take their rise in + the chalk, are often dry for months, and their channels void of water for + miles; failing altogether when the rains do not fill the neighbouring + strata to repletion.</p> + + <p>In the case of long intermissions, such as occur to the Croydon + bourne, it is not wonderful that the sudden appearance of waters in + considerable force, where none are usually seen to flow, should give rise + to superstitious dread of coming evils. Indeed, the coincidence of the + running of the bourne, a wet summer, a worse sowing-season, and a wet + cold spring, may well inspire evil forebodings, and give a colourable + pretext for such apprehensions as are often entertained on the occurrence + of any unusual natural phenomenon. These intermittent rivulets have no + affinity, as your correspondent E. G. R. supposes, to subterraneous + rivers. The nearest approach to this kind of stream is to be found in the + Mole, which sometimes sinks away, and leaves its channel dry between + Dorking and Leatherhead, being absorbed into fissures in the chalk, and + again discharged; these fissures being insufficient to receive its waters + in times of more copious supply. The subterraneous rivers of more + mountainous countries are also not to be included in the same category. + They have a history of their own, to enlarge on which is not the business + of this Note: but it may not be irrelevant to turn the attention for a + moment to the use of the word <i>bourne</i> or <i>burn</i>. The former + mode of spelling and pronouncing it appears to prevail in the south, and + the latter in the north of England and in Scotland; both alike from the + same source as the <i>brun</i> or <i>brunen</i> of Germany. The perennial + bourne so often affords a convenient natural geographical boundary, and a + convenient line of territorial division, that by an easy metonymy it has + established itself in our language in either sense, signifying streamlet + or boundary-line,—as witness the well-known lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"That undiscovered country, from whose bourne</p> + <p>No traveller returns."—<i>Shakspeare.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I know each lane, and every alley green,</p> + <p>And every bosky bourn from side to side."—<i>Milton.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">M. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CHRISTIAN NAMES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488, 489.)</p> + + <p>The opinion of your correspondents, that instances of persons having + more than one Christian name before the last century are, at least, very + rare, is borne out by the learned Camden, who, however, enables me to + adduce two earlier instances of polyonomy than those cited by + J. J. H.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Two Christian names," says he (<i>Remaines concerning Britaine</i>, + p. 44.), "are rare in England, and I onely remember now his majesty, who + was named Charles James, and the prince his sonne Henry Frederic; and + among private men, Thomas Maria Wingfield, and Sir Thomas Posthumous + Hobby."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The custom must have been still rare at the end of the eighteenth + century, for, as we are informed by Moore in a note to his <i>Fudge + Family in Paris</i> (Letter IV.):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The late Lord C. (Castlereagh?) of Ireland had a curious theory about + names; he held that <i>every</i> man with <i>three</i> names was a + Jacobin. His instances in Ireland were numerous; Archibald Hamilton + Rowan, Theobald Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, John Philpot Curran, + &c.: and in England he produced as examples, Charles James Fox, + Richard Brinsley <!-- Page 627 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page627"></a>{627}</span> Sheridan, John Horne Tooke, Francis + Burdett Jones," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps the noble lord thought with Sterne in <i>Tristram Shandy</i>, + though the <i>nexus</i> is not easy to discover, that "there is a strange + kind of magic bias, which good or bad names irresistibly impose upon our + character and conduct," or perhaps he had misread that controverted + passage in Plautus (<i>Aulular.</i> Act II. Sc. 4.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Tun' <i>trium literarum</i> homo</p> + <p>Me vituperas? <i>Fur.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The custom is now almost universal; and as, according to Camden + (<i>Remaines, &c.</i>, p. 96.),</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Shortly after the Conquest it seemed a disgrace for a gentleman to + have but one single name, as the meaner sort and bastards had,"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>so now, the <i>tria nomina nobiliorum</i> have become so common, as to + render the epigram upon a certain M. L-P. Saint-Florentin, of almost + universal applicability as a neat and befitting epitaph.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"On ne lui avait pas épargné," says the biographer of this gentleman + (<i>Biographie Universelle</i>, tom. xxxix. p. 573.), "les épigrammes de + son vivant; il en parut encore contre lui au moment de sa mort; en voici + une:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Ci gît un petit homme à l'air assez commun,</p> + <p>Ayant porté <i>trois noms</i>, et n'en laissant <i>aucun</i>.'"</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Bates.</span> + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p>Leopold William Finch, fifth son of Heneage, second Earl of + Nottingham, born about the year 1662, and afterwards Warden of All Souls, + is an earlier instance of an English person with two Christian names than + your correspondent J. J. H. has noticed.</p> + + <p class="author">J. B. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>WEATHER RULES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 522.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent J. A., <span class="sc">Jun.</span>, makes a Note + and asks a question regarding a popular opinion prevalent in + Worcestershire, on the subject of a "Sunday's moon," as being one very + much addicted to rain. In Sussex that bad repute attaches to the moon + that changes on Saturday:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"A Saturday's moon,</p> + <p>If it comes once in seven years, it comes too soon."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It may be hoped that the time is not far distant when a scientific + meteorology will dissipate the errors of the traditional code now in + existence. Of these errors none have greater or more extensive prevalence + than the superstitions regarding the influence of the moon on the + atmospheric phenomena of wet and dry weather. Howard, the author of + <i>The Climate of London</i>, after twenty years of close observation, + could not determine that the moon had any perceptible influence on the + weather. And the best authorities now follow, still more decidedly, in + the same train.</p> + + <p>"The change of the moon," the expression in general use in predictions + of the weather, is idly and inconsiderately used by educated people, + without considering that in every phase that planet is the same to us, as + a material agent, except as regards the power of reflected light; and no + one supposes that moonlight produces wet or dry. Why then should that + point in the moon's course, which we agree to call "the new" when it + begins to emerge from the sun's rays, have any influence on our weather. + Twice in each revolution, when in conjunction with the sun at new, and in + opposition at the full, an atmospheric spring-tide may be supposed to + exist, and to exert some sort of influence. But the existence of any + atmospheric tide at all is denied by some naturalists, and is at most + very problematical; and the absence of regular diurnal fluctuations of + the barometric pressure favours the negative of this proposition. But, + granting that it were so, and that the moon, in what is conventionally + called the beginning of its course, and again in the middle, at the full, + did produce changes in the weather, surely the most sanguine of + <i>rational lunarians</i> would discard the idea of one moon differing + from another, except in relation to the season of the year; or that a new + moon on the Sabbath day, whether Jewish or Christian, had any special + quality not shared by the new moons of any other days of the week.</p> + + <p>Such a publication as "N. & Q." is not the place to discuss fully + the question of lunar influence. Your correspondent J. A., <span + class="sc">Jun.</span>, and all persons who have inconsiderately taken up + the popular belief in moon-weather, will do well to consult an + interesting article on this subject (I believe attributed to Sir D. + Brewster) in <i>The Monthly Chronicle</i> for 1838; and this will also + refer such inquirers to Arago's <i>Annuaire</i> for 1833. There may be + later and completer disquisitions on the lunar influences, but they are + not known to me.</p> + + <p class="author">M. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>ROCOCO.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. i., pp. 321. 356.)</p> + + <p>This word is now receiving a curious illustration in this colony of + French origin. <i>Rococo</i>—antiquated, old-fashioned—would + seem to have become <i>rococo</i> itself; and in its place the negroes + have adopted the word <i>entêté</i>, wilful, headstrong, to express, as + it were, the persistence of a person in retaining anything that has gone + out of fashion. This term was first applied to white hats; and the + wearers of such have been assailed from every corner of the streets with + the cry of "Entêté chapeau!" It was next applied to umbrellas of a <!-- + Page 628 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page628"></a>{628}</span> + strange colour (the varieties of which are almost without number in this + country of the sun); and it has now been extended to every article of + wearing apparel of an unfashionable or peculiar shape. A negro woman, + appearing with a blue umbrella, has been followed by half a dozen black + boys with the cry of "Entêté parasol!" and in order to get rid of the + annoyance she had to shut the umbrella and continue her way under the + broiling sun. But the term is not always used in derision. A few days + ago, a young girl of colour, dressed in the extreme of the fashion, was + passing along, when some bystanders began to rally her with the word + "Entêté." The girl, perceiving that she was the object of their notice, + turned round, and in an attitude of conscious irreproachableness, + retorted with the challenge in Creole French, "Qui entêté ça?" But the + smiles with which she was greeted showed her (what she had already partly + suspected) that their cries of "Entêté" were intended rather to + compliment her on the style of her dress.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 41.)</p> + + <p>I am gratified to see that <span class="sc">Mr. Hardy</span>'s + documentary researches have confirmed my conjectures as to the erroneous + date assigned for the death of the first husband of Jane Beaufort. + Perhaps it may be in his power also to rectify a chronological error, + which has crept into the account usually given of the family into which + one of her sons married. The Peerages all place the death of the last + Lord Fauconberg of the original family in 1376, not observing that this + date would make his daughter and heiress married to William Nevill, + second son of the Earl of Westmoreland and Countess Joane, twenty-five + years at the lowest computation; or, if we take the date which they + assign for the death of Lord Ferrers of Wemme, forty years older than her + husband,—a difference this, which, although perhaps it might not + prove an insuperable impediment to marriage where the lady was a great + heiress, would undoubtedly put a bar on all hopes of issue: whereas it + stands on record that they had a family.</p> + + <p>I must take this opportunity of complaining of the manner in which + many, if not all these Peerages, are compiled: copying each others' + errors, however obvious, without a word of doubt or an attempt to rectify + them; though <span class="sc">Mr. Hardy</span>'s communication, above + mentioned, shows that the materials for doing so, in many cases, exist if + properly sought. Not to mention minor errors, they sometimes crowd into a + given time more generations than could have possibly existed, and + sometimes make the generations of a length that has not been witnessed + since the patriarchal ages. As instances of the former may be mentioned, + the pedigree of the Ferrerses, Earls of Derby (in which eight successions + from father to son are given between 1137 and 1265), and those of the + Netterville and Tracy families: and of the latter, the pedigree of the + Fitzwarines, which gives only four generations between the Conquest and + 1314; and that of the Clanricarde family. It is strange that Mr. Burke, + who appears to claim descent from the latter, did not take more pains to + rectify a point so nearly concerning him; instead of making, as he does + in his Peerage, one of the family to have held the title (MacWilliam + Eighter) and estates for 105 years!—an absurdity rendered still + more glaring by this long-lived gentleman's father having possessed them + fifty-four years before him, and his son for fifty-six years after him. + If such can be supposed true, the Countess of Desmond's longevity was not + so unusual after all.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 407.)</p> + + <p>May I be allowed to inform your correspondent R. L. P. that he is in + error, when supposing that the English knights were deprived of their + property by Queen Elizabeth, as it was done by act of parliament in the + year 1534, and during the reign of Henry VIII.</p> + + <p>For the information sought by your correspondent R. L. P., I would + refer him to the following extract taken from Sutherland's <i>History of + the Knights of Malta</i>, vol. ii. pp. 114, 115.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"To increase the despondency of L'Isle Adam [the Grand Master of the + Order of St. John of Jerusalem], Henry VIII. of England having come to an + open rupture with the Pope, in consequence of the Pontiff's steady + refusal to countenance the divorcement of Catherine of Arragon his queen, + commenced a fierce and bloody persecution against all persons in his + dominions, who persisted in adhering to the Holy See. In these + circumstances, the Knights of St. John, who held themselves bound to + acknowledge the Pope as their superior at whatever hazard, did not long + escape his ire. The power of the Order, composed as it was of the + chivalry of the nation, while the Prior of London sat in parliament on an + equality with the first baron of the realm, for a time deterred him from + openly proscribing it; but at length his wrath burst forth in an + ungovernable flame. The knights Ingley, Adrian Forrest, Adrian Fortescu, + and Marmaduke Bohus, refusing to abjure their faith, perished on the + scaffold. Thomas Mytton and Edward Waldegrave died in a dungeon; and + Richard and James Bell, John Noel, and many others, abandoned their + country for ever, and sought an asylum at Malta<a name="footnotetag4" + href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>, completely stripped <!-- Page 629 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page629"></a>{629}</span> of their + possessions. In 1534, by an act of the legislature, the Order of St. John + was abolished in the King of England's dominions; and such knights as + survived the persecution, but who refused to stoop to the conditions + offered them, were thrown entirely on the charity of their brethren at + Malta. Henry offered Sir Wm. Weston, Lord Prior of England, a pension of + a thousand pounds a year; but that knight was so overwhelmed with grief + at the suppression of his Order, that he never received a penny, but soon + after died. Other knights, less scrupulous, became pensioners of the + crown."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. W. + + <p class="address">La Valetta, Malta. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>I have sought in vain among the records of the Order at this island to + find any mention made of those English knights, whom Sutherland thus + mentions as having fled to Malta at the time of this persecution in their + native land.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Anticipatory Worship of the Cross</i> (Vol. vii., p. 548.).—A + correspondent wishes for farther information on the anticipatory worship + of the cross in Mexico and at Alexandria. At the present moment I am + unable to refer to the works on which I grounded the statement which he + quotes. He will, however, find the details respecting Mexico in + Stephens's <i>Travels in Yucatan</i>; and those respecting Alexandria in + the commentators on Sozomen (<i>H. E.</i>, vii. 15.), and Socrates + (<i>H. E.</i>, v. 16.). A similar instance is the worship of the <i>Cross + Fylfotte</i> in Thibet.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">The Writer of "Communications with the Unseen World."</span> + + <p><i>Ennui</i> (Vol. vii., p. 478.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Cleland (voc. 165.) has, with his usual sagacity, and with a great + deal of trouble, as he himself acknowledges, traced out the true meaning + and derivation of this word: for after he had long despaired of + discovering the origin of it, mere chance, he says, offered to him what + he took to be the genuine one: 'In an old French book I met,' says he, + 'with a passage where the author, speaking of a company that had sat up + late, makes use of this expression, "l'ennuit les avoit gagnés," by the + context of which it was plain he meant, that the common influence of + <i>the night</i>, in bringing on <i>heaviness</i> and <i>yawning</i>, had + come upon them. The proper sense is totally antiquated, but the + figurative remains in full currency to this day."—Lemon's + <i>Etymological Dictionary</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The true synonym of <i>ennui</i> seem to be <i>tædium</i>, which + appears to have the same relation to <i>tædo</i>, a torch, as + <i>ennui</i> to <i>nuit</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>"Qui facit per alium, facit per se," &c.</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 488.).—This maxim is found in the following form in the <i>Regulæ + Juris</i>, subjoined to the 6th Book of the Decretals, Reg. lxxii.: "Qui + facit per alium, est perinde ac si faciat per seipsum."</p> + + <p class="author">J. B. + + <p><i>Vincent Family</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 501. 586.).—The <i>Memoir + of Augustine Vincent</i>, referred to by <span class="sc">Mr. + Martin</span>, was written by the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas, and + published by Pickering in 1827, crown 8vo. Shortly after its publication, + a few pages of <i>Addenda</i> were printed in consequence of some + information communicated by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, respecting the + descendants of Augustine Vincent. At that time Francis Offley Edmunds, + Esq., of Westborough, was his representative.</p> + + <p class="author">G. + + <p><i>Judge Smith</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 463. 508.).—I am well + acquainted with the monumental inscriptions in Chesterfield Church, but I + do not recollect one to the memory of Judge Smith.</p> + + <p>Thomas Smith, who was an attorney in Sheffield, and died in 1774, had + a brother, William Smith of Norwich, who died in 1801. Thomas Smith + married Susan Battie, by whom he had a son Thomas Smith of Sheffield, and + after of Dunston Hall, who married in 1791 Elizabeth Mary, only surviving + child of Robert Mower of Woodseats, Esq., (by Elizabeth his wife, + daughter of Richard Milnes of Dunston Hall, Esq.) It was through this + lady that the Dunston estate came to the Smiths by the will of her uncle + Mr. Milnes. Mr. Smith died in 1811, having had issue by her (who married + secondly John Frederick Smith, Esq., of London) three sons and several + daughters. The second son (Rev. Wm. Smith of Dunston Hall) died in 1841, + leaving male issue; but I am not aware of the death of either of the + others. The family had a grant of arms in 1816. Dunston Hall had belonged + to the Milnes family for about a century.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. St.</span> + + <p><i>"Dimidiation" in Impalements</i> (Vol. vii., p. 548.).—In + reply to your correspondent's Query as to <i>dimidiation</i>, he will + find that this was the most ancient form of impalement. Its manifest + inconvenience no doubt at last banished it. Guillim (ed. 1724) says, at + p. 425.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It was an ancient way of impaling, to take half the husband's coat, + and with that to joyn as much of the wife's; as appeareth in an old roll, + wherein three lions, being the arms of <i>England</i>, are dimidiated and + impaled with half the pales of Arragon. The like hath been practised with + quartered coats by leaving out half of them."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>On p. 426. he gives the example of Mary, Henry VIII.'s sister, and her + husband Louis XII. of France. Here the French king's coat is cut in half, + so that the lily in the base point is <i>dimidiated</i>; and the queen's + coat, being quarterly France and England, shows two quarters only; + England in chief, France in base.</p> + + <p>Sandford, in his <i>Genealogical History</i>, gives a plate of the + tomb of Henry II. and Richard I. of England at Fontevrault, which was + built anew in <!-- Page 630 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page630"></a>{630}</span> 1638. Upon it are several impalements by + <i>dimidiation</i>. Sandford (whose book seems to me to be strangely + over-valued) gives no explanation of them. No doubt they were copied from + the original tomb.</p> + + <p>In Part II. of the <i>Guide to the Architectural Antiquities in the + Neighbourhood of Oxford</i>, at p. 178., is figured an impalement by + <i>dimidiation</i> existing at Stanton Harcourt, in the north transept of + the church, in a brass on a piece of blue marble. The writer of the + <i>Guide</i> supposes this bearing to be some union of Harcourt and Beke, + in consequence of a will of John Lord Beke, and to be commemorative of + the son of Sir Richard Harcourt and Margaret Beke. It is in fact + commemorative of those persons themselves. Harcourt, two bars, is + dimidiated, and meets Beke, a cross moline or ancrée. The figure thus + produced is a strange one, but perfectly intelligible when the practice + of impaling by dimidiation is recollected. I know no modern instance of + this method of impaling. I doubt if any can be found since the time of + Henry VIII.</p> + + <p class="author">D. P. + + <p class="address">Begbrook. + + <p><i>Worth</i> (Vol. vii., p. 584.).—At one time, and in one + locality, this word seems to have denoted manure; as appears by the + following preamble to the statute 7 Jac. I. cap. 18.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Whereas the sea-sand, by long triall and experience, hath bin found + to be very profitable for the bettering of land, and especially for the + increase of corne and tillage, within the counties of Devon and Cornwall, + where the inhabitants have not commonly used any other <i>worth</i>, for + the bettering of their arable grounds and pastures."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I am not aware of any other instance of the use of this word in this + sense.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span> + + <p class="address">Cambridge. + + <p><i>"Elementa sex," &c.</i> (Vol. vii., p. 572.).—The answer + to the Latin riddle propounded by your correspondent <span + class="sc">Effigy</span>, seems to be the word <i>putres</i>; divided + into <i>utres</i>, <i>tres</i>, <i>res</i>, <i>es</i>, and the letter + <i>s</i>.</p> + + <p>The allusion in <i>putres</i> is to Virgil, <i>Georgic</i>, i. 392.; + and in <i>utres</i> probably to <i>Georgic</i>, ii. 384.: the rest is + patent enough.</p> + + <p>I send this response to save others from the trouble of seeking an + answer, and being disappointed at their profitless labours. If I may + venture a guess at its author, I should be inclined to ascribe it to some + idle schoolboy, or perhaps schoolmaster, who deserved to be whipped for + their pains.</p> + + <p class="author">C. W. B. + + <p><i>"A Diasii 'Salve'," &c.</i> (Vol. vii., p. 571.).—The + deliverance desired in these words is from treachery, similar to that + which was exhibited by the fratricide Alfonso Diaz toward his brother + Juan. (Vid. Senarclæi <i>Historiam veram</i>, 1546; <i>Actiones et + Monimenta Martyrum</i>, foll. 126-139. [Genevæ], 1560: <i>Histoire des + Martyrs</i>, foll. 161-168., ed. 1597; M<sup>c</sup>Crie's <i>Reformation + in Spain</i>, pp. 181-188., Edinb. 1829.)</p> + + <p>The "A Gallorum 'Venite,'" probably refers to the singing of the + "Venite, exultemus Domino," on the occasion of the massacre of St. + Bartholomew.</p> + + <p class="author">R. G. + + <p><i>Meaning of "Claret"</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 237. 511.).—Old + Bartholomew Glanville, the venerable Franciscan, gives a recipe for + claret in his treatise <i>De Proprietatibus Rerum</i>, Argent., 1485., + lib. xix. cap. 56., which proves it to be of older date than is generally + supposed:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Claretum ex vino et melle et speciebus aromaticis est confectum ... + Unde a vino contrahit fortitudinem et acumen, a speciebus autem retinet + aromaticitatem et odorem, sed a melle dulcedinem mutuat et saporem."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p>"<i>The Temple of Truth</i>" (Vol. vii., p. 549.).—The author of + this work, according to Dr. Watt, was the Rev. C. E. de Coetlogon, rector + of Godstone, Surrey.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Halieus" class="grk">Ἁλιέυς</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>Wellborne Family</i> (Vol. vii., p. 259.).—The following is + from the <i>Town and Country Magazine</i> for 1772:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<i>Deaths.</i>—Mr. Richard Wellborne, in Aldersgate Street, + descended in a direct male line from the youngest son of Simon Montfort, + Earl of Leicester, who flourished in King Henry III.'s time, and married + that king's sister."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is now a family of the name of Wellborne residing in + Doncaster.</p> + + <p class="author">W. H. L. + + <p><i>Devonianisms</i> (Vol. vii., p. 544.).—While a resident in + Devonshire, I frequently met with localisms similar in character to those + quoted by J. M. B.; but what at first struck me as most peculiar in + common conversation, was the use, or rather abuse, of the little + preposition <i>to</i>. When inquiring the whereabouts of an individual, + Devonians ask one another, "Where is he <i>to</i>?" The invariable reply + is, "<i>To</i> London," "<i>To</i> Plymouth," &c., as the case may + be. The Cheshire clowns, on the other hand, murder the word <i>at</i>, in + just the same strange and inappropriate manner.</p> + + <p>The indiscriminate use of the term <i>forrell</i>, when describing the + cover of a book, is a solecism, I fancy, peculiarly Devonian. Whether a + book be bound in cloth, vellum, or morocco, it is all alike + <i>forrell</i> in Devonshire parlance. I imagine, however, that the word, + in its present corrupt sense, must have originated from <i>forrell</i>, a + term still used by the trade to designate an inferior kind of vellum <!-- + Page 631 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page631"></a>{631}</span> or + parchment, in which books are not unfrequently bound. When we consider + that vellum was at one time in much greater request for bookbinding + purposes than it is just now, we shall be at no great loss to reconcile + this eccentricity in the vocabulary of our west country brethren.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span> + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p><i>Humbug</i> (Vol. vii., p. 550.).—A recent number of Miller's + <i>Fly Leaves</i> makes the following hazardous assertion as to the + origin and derivation of the term <i>Humbug</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"This, now common expression, is a corruption of the word Hamburgh, + and originated in the following manner:—During a period when war + prevailed on the Continent, so many false reports and lying bulletins + were fabricated at Hamburgh, that at length, when any one would signify + his disbelief of a statement, he would say, 'You had that from Hamburgh;' + and thus, 'That is Hamburgh,' or <i>Humbug</i>, became a common + expression of incredulity."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>With all my credulity, I cannot help fancying that this bit of + specious <i>humbug</i> is a <i>leetle</i> too far-fetched.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span> + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p><i>George Miller, D.D.</i> (Vol. vii., p. 527.).—His Donnellan + Lectures were never published.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Halieus" class="grk">Ἁλιέυς</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p>"<i>A Letter to a Convocation Man</i>" (Vol. vii., p. + 502.).—Your correspondent <span class="sc">W. Fraser</span> may be + informed that the "great preacher" for whom he inquires was Archbishop + Tillotson.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Halieus" class="grk">Ἁλιευς</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Perhaps our correspondent can reply to another Query from <span + class="sc">Mr. W. Fraser</span>, viz. "Who is the 'certain author' quoted + in <i>A Letter to a Convocation Man</i>, pp. 24, 25.?"—<span + class="sc">Ed.</span>]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 572.).—This is a very singular Query, inasmuch as Fuller's list of + the sheriffs of these counties begins 1st Henry II., and not, as is + assumed by your correspondent D., "from the time of Henry VIII."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span> + + <p class="address">Cambridge. + + <p><i>Ferdinand Mendez Pinto</i> (Vol. vii., p. 551.).—<span + class="sc">Inquirens</span> will find the passage he quotes in Congreve's + <i>Love for Love</i>, Act II. Sc. 5. Foresight, addressing Sir Sampson + Legend, says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Thou modern Mandeville, Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type," + &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the <i>Tatler</i>, No. 254. (a paper ascribed to Addison and Steele + conjointly), these veracious travellers are thus pleasantly noticed:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"There are no books which I more delight in than in travels, + especially those that describe remote countries, and give the writer an + opportunity of showing his parts without incurring any danger of being + examined and contradicted. Among all the authors of this kind, our + renowned countryman, Sir John Mandeville, has distinguished himself by + the copiousness of his invention, and the greatness of his genius. The + second to Sir John I take to have been Ferdinand Mendez Pinto, a person + of infinite adventure and unbounded imagination. One reads the voyages of + these two great wits with as much astonishment as the travels of Ulysses + in Homer, or of the Red Cross Knight in Spenser. All is enchanted ground + and fairy land."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Biographical sketches of Mandeville and Pinto are attached to this + paper in the excellent edition of the <i>Tatler</i> ("with Illustrations + and Notes" by Calder, Percy, and Nichols), published in six volumes in + 1786. Godwin selected this quotation from Congreve as a fitting motto for + his <i>Tale of St. Leon</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. M. + + <p>The passage referred to occurs in Congreve's <i>Love for Love</i>, Act + II. Sc. 5. Cervantes had before designated Pinto as the "prince of + liars." It seems that poor Pinto did not deserve the ill language applied + to him by the wits. Ample notices of his travels may be seen in the + <i>Retrospective Review</i>, vol. viii. pp. 83-105., and Macfarlane's + <i>Romance of Travel</i>, vol. ii. pp. 104-192.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span> + + <p class="address">Cambridge. + + <p><i>"Other-some" and "Unneath"</i> (Vol vii., p. 571.).—Mr. + Halliwell, in his <i>Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words</i>, has + <i>other-some</i>, some other, "a quaint but pretty phrase <i>of frequent + occurrence</i>." He gives two instances of its use. He has also + "<i>Unneath</i>, beneath. Somerset."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span> + + <p class="address">Cambridge. + + <p>The word <i>other-some</i> occurs in the authorised version of the + Bible, Acts xvii. 18. "Other some, He seemeth to be a setter forth of + strange gods." It does not occur in any of the earlier versions of this + passage in Bagster's <i>English Hexapla</i>. Halliwell says that it is "a + quaint but pretty phrase of frequent occurrence," and gives an example + dated 1570. <i>Unneath</i>, according to the same authority, is used in + Somersetshire. <i>Other-some</i> is constantly used in Norfolk. I think + it, however, a pity that your space should be occupied by such Queries as + these, which a simple reference to Halliwell's <i>Dictionary</i> would + have answered.</p> + + <p class="author">E. G. R. + + <p><i>Willow Pattern</i> (Vol. vi., p. 509.).—Evidently a Chinese + design. The bridge-houses, &c., are purely Chinese; and also the want + of perspective. I have seen crockery in the shops in Shanghai with the + <i>same pattern</i>, or at least with very slight difference.</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. + + <p class="address">Shanghai. + + <p><i>Cross and Pile</i> (Vol. vii., p. 487.).—Another evidence + that the word <i>pile</i> is of French origin: <!-- Page 632 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page632"></a>{632}</span> "<i>Pille</i>, pile; + that side of the coin which bears the head. Cross or pile, a + game."—<i>A Dictionary of the Norman French Language</i>, by Robert + Kelham of Lincoln's Inn: London, 1779, 8vo., p. 183.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">Φ</span>. + + <p><i>Old Fogie</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 354. 559.).—J. L., who writes + from Edinburgh, denies the Irish origin of this appellation, because he + says it was used of the "veteran companies" who garrisoned the castles of + Edinburgh and Stirling. My mother, who was born in 1759, often told me + that she never had heard any other name for the old men in the Royal + Hospital, in the vicinity of which she passed her early days. It was + therefore a well-known name a century ago in Dublin, and consequently was + in use long before; probably from the building of the hospital in the + reign of Charles II. Can J. L. trace the Scotch term as far back as that? + Scotch or Irish, however, I maintain that my derivation is the right one. + J. L. says he prefers that of Dr. Jamieson, in his <i>Scottish + Dictionary</i>, who "derives it from Su.-G. <i>Fogde</i>, formerly one + who had the charge of a garrison." In thus preferring a Scottish + authority, J. L. shows himself to be a true Scot; but he must allow me to + ask him, is he acquainted with the Swedish language? (for that is what is + meant by the mysterious Su.-G.) And if so, is he not aware that + <i>Fogde</i> is the same as the German <i>Vogt</i>, and signifies + governor, judge, steward, &c., never merely a military commandant; + and what on earth has that to do with battered old soldiers?</p> + + <p>I may as well take this opportunity of replying to another of your + Caledonian correspondents, respecting the origin of the word + <i>nugget</i>. The Persian derivation is simply ridiculous, as the word + was not first used in Australia. I am then perfectly well aware that this + term has long been in use in Scotland and the north of Ireland as + <i>i. q.</i> lump, as a <i>nugget</i> of bread, of sugar, &c. But an + <i>ingot</i> is a lump also: and the derivation is so simple and natural, + that in any case I am disposed to regard it as the true one. May not the + Yankee term have been made independently of the British one?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span> + + <p><i>Another odd Mistake</i> (Vol. vii., p. 405.).—On page 102. of + <i>Last Glimpses of Convocation</i>, by A. J. Joyce, 1853, I read of "the + defiance thrown out to Henry III. by his barons, <i>Nolumus leges Angliæ + mutare</i>." I have never read of any such defiance, expressed in any + such language, anywhere else.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p><i>Spontaneous Combustion</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 286. 440.).—I have + somewhere read an account of a drunkard whose body was so saturated with + alcohol, that being bled in a fever, and the lamp near him having been + overthrown, the blood caught fire, and burst into a blaze: the account + added, that he was so startled by this occurrence, that on his recovery + he reformed thoroughly, and prolonged his life to a good old age. Where + is this story to be found, and is the fact related physically possible? + It seems to bear on the question of spontaneous combustion.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p><i>Erroneous Forms of Speech</i> (Vol vii., p. 329.).—E. G. R. + will find, on farther inquiry, that he is in the wrong as regards the + mode of writing and speaking <i>mangold-wurzel</i>. The subject was + discussed in the <i>Gardeners' Chronicle</i> in 1844. There (p. 204.) + your correspondent will find, by authority of "a German," that + <i>mangold</i> is field-beet or leaf-beet: and that <i>mangel</i> is a + corruption or pretended emendation of the common German appellation, and + most probably of English coinage. Such a thing as <i>mangel-wurzel</i> is + not known on the Continent; and the best authorities now, in this + country, all use <i>mangold-wurzel</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">M. + + <p>P.S.—Since writing the above, I have seen <span class="sc">Mr. + Frere</span>'s note on the same subject (Vol. vii, p. 463.). The + substitution of <i>mangel</i> for the original <i>mangold</i>, was + probably an attempt to correct some vulgar error in orthography; or to + substitute a word of some significance for one of none. But, as Dr. + Lindley has said, "If we adopt a foreign name, we ought to take it as we + find it, whatever may be its imperfections."</p> + + <p><i>Ecclesia Anglicana</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 12. 440. 535.).—I + gladly set down for G. R. M. the following instances of the use of + "Ecclesia Gallicana;" they are quotations occurring in Richard's + <i>Analysis Consiliorum</i>: he will find many more in the same work as + translated by Dalmasus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ex <i>Gallicanæ Ecclesiæ</i> usu, Jubilæi Bullæ ad Archiepiscopos + mittendæ sunt, e quorum manibus ad suffraganeos Episcopos + perferuntur."—<i>Monumenta Cleri</i>, tom. ii. p. 228.</p> + + <p>"<i>Gallicana Ecclesia</i> a disciplinæ remissione, ante quadringentos + aut quingentos annos inducta, se melius quam aliæ defendit, Romanæque + curiæ ausis vehementius resistat."—Fleurius, <i>Sermo super + Ecclesiæ Gallicanæ Libertatibus</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have not time to search for the other examples which he wants; + though I have not any doubt but they would easily be found. The English + Church has been, I consider, a more Romanising church than many; but, in + mediæval times, the most intimate connexion with Rome did not destroy, + though it impaired, the nationality of the church. The church of Spain + is, I believe, now one of the most national of the churches in communion + with Rome.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p><i>Gloves at Fairs</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—The writer saw, a + few years ago, the shape of a glove hanging <!-- Page 633 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page633"></a>{633}</span> during the fair at the + common ground of Southampton, and was told, that while it was there + debtors were free from arrest within the town.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span> + + <p>In returning my thanks to your correspondents who have given instances + of this custom, allow me to add that a friend has called my attention to + the fact that Mattishall <i>Gant</i>, or fair, takes place in Rogation or + <i>Gang week</i>, and probably takes its name from the latter word. Forby + says that there are probably few instances of the use of this word, and I + am not aware of any other than the one he gives, viz. Mattishall + <i>Gant</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">E. G. R. + + <p><i>Popular Sayings.—The Sparrows at Lindholme</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 234.).—The sparrows at Lindholme have made themselves scarce here, + under the following circumstances:—William of Lindholme seems to + have united in himself the characters of hermit and wizard. When a boy, + his parents, on going to Wroot Feast, hard by, left him to keep the + sparrows from the corn; at which he was so enraged that he took up an + enormous stone, and threw it at the house to which they were gone, but + from throwing it too high it fell on the other side. After he had done + this he went to the feast, and when scolded for it, said he had fastened + up all the sparrows in the barn; where they were found, on the return + home, all dead, except a few which were turned white. (Vide Stonehouse's + <i>History of the Isle of Axholme</i>.)</p> + + <p>As for the "Doncaster Daggers" and "Hatfield Rats," also inquired + after, I have no information, although those places are in the same + neighbourhood.</p> + + <p class="author">W. H. L. + + <p><i>Effects of the Vox Regalis of the Queen Bee</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 499.).—Dr. Bevan, than whom there is probably no better authority + on apiarian matters, discredits this statement of Huber. No other + naturalist appears to have witnessed these wonderful effects. Dr. Bevan + however states, that when the queen is</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Piping, prior to the issue of an after-swarm, the bees that are near + her remain still, with a slight inclination of their heads, but whether + impressed by fear or not seems doubtful."—Bevan <i>On the Honey + Bee</i>, p. 18.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cheverells.</span> + + <p><i>Seneca and St. Paul</i> (Vol. vii., p. 500.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The fourteen letters of Seneca to Paul, <i>which are printed</i> in + the old editions of Seneca, are apocryphal."—Dr. W. Smith's + <i>Dict. of Mythology</i>, &c.</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Seneca</span>, Opera, 1475, fol. The second part + contains only his letters, and <i>begins with the correspondence of St. + Paul and Seneca</i>."—Ebert's <i>Bibl. Dict.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Hurrah</i> (Vol. vi., p. 54.; Vol. vii., p. 595.).—Wace's + <i>Chronicle of the Norman Conquest</i>, as it appears in Mr. Edgar + Taylor's translation, pp. 21, 22, mentions the war-cries of the various + knights at the battle of Val des Dunes. Duke William cries "Dex aie," and + Raol Tesson "<i>Tur aie</i>;" on which there is a note that M. Pluquet + reads "Thor aide," which he considers may have been derived from the + ancient Northmen. Surely this is the origin of our modern <i>hurrah</i>; + and if so, perhaps the earliest mention of our English war-cry.</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. M. + + <p><i>Purlieu</i> (Vol. vii., p. 477.).—The etymology of this word + which Dr. Johnson adopted is that which many others have approved of. The + only other derivation which appears to have been suggested is from + <i>perambulatio</i>. Blount, <i>Law Dict.</i>, s. voc., thus + explains:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<i>Purlue</i> or <i>Purlieu</i> (from the Fr. <i>pur</i>, i. e. + <i>purus</i>, and <i>lieu</i>, locus) is all that ground near any forest, + which being made forest by Henry II., Richard I., or King John, were, by + <i>perambulation</i>, granted by Henry III., severed again from the same, + and became <i>purlue</i>, i. e. pure and free from the laws and + ordinances of the forest. Manwood, par. 2., For. Laws, cap. 20.; see the + statute 33 Edw. I. stat. 5. And the perambulation, whereby the + <i>purlieu</i> is deafforested, is called <i>pourallee</i>, i. e. + <i>perambulatio</i>. 4 Inst. fol. 303."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>(See also Lye, Cowel, Skinner, and especially Minshæus.)</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Bell Inscriptions</i> (Vol. vi., p. 554.).—In Weever's + <i>Ancient Funeral Monuments</i> (London, 1631) are the following + inscriptions:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"En ego campana nunquam denuncio vana;</p> + <p>Laudo Deum verum, plebem voco, congrego clerum.</p> + <p>Defunctos plango, vivos voco, fulmina frango.</p> + <p>Vox mea, vox vitæ, voco vos ad sacra, venite,</p> + <p>Sanctos collaudo, tonitrus fugo, funera claudo."</p> + <p> · · · · · ·</p> + <p class="hg3">"Funera plango, fulgura frango, Sabbatha pango,</p> + <p>Excito lentos, dissipo ventos, paco cruentos."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>There is also an old inscription for a "holy water" vessel:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hujus aquæ tactus depellit Demonis actus.</p> + <p>Asperget vos Deus cum omnibus sanctis suis ad vitam æternam.</p> + <p class="i4">Sex operantur aqua benedicta.</p> + <p>Cor mundat, Accidiam fugat, venalia tollit,</p> + <p>Auget opem, removetque hostem, phantasmata pellit."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>At page 848. there is a beautiful specimen of an old font in the + church of East Winch, in the diocese of Norwich.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus</span> (D). + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>Quotation from Juvenal</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 166. 321.).—My + copy of this poet being unfortunately without notes, I was not aware that + there was authority for "abest" in this passage; but my argument still + remains much the same, as regards quoters <!-- Page 634 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page634"></a>{634}</span> having retained for + their own convenience a reading which most editors have rejected. I + observe that Gifford, in his translation, takes <i>habes</i> as the basis + of his version in both the passages mentioned.</p> + + <p>May I ask if it is from misquotation, or variation in the copies, that + an even more hackneyed quotation is never given as I find it printed, + Sat. 2. v. 83.: "Nemo repente <i>venit</i> turpissimus?"</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span> + + <p><i>Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 133. + 211.).—Your correspondent L. has not proved this story to be + fabulous: it has usually been told of the wife of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, + great-grandmother of the two queens, and, for anything we know yet of + <i>her</i> family, it may be quite true.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span> + + <p><i>Rathe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 512).—I can corroborate the + assertion of Anon., that this word is still in use in Sussex, though by + no means frequently. Not long since I heard an old woman say, "My gaeffer + (meaning her husband) got up quite <i>rathe</i> this morning."</p> + + <p>In the case of the early apple it is generally pronounced + <i>ratheripe</i>.</p> + + <p>See also Cooper's excellent <i>Sussex Glossary</i>, 2nd edit. + 1853.</p> + + <p class="author">M. + + <p><i>Old Booty's Case</i> (Vol. iii., p. 40.).—The most authentic + report of this case is, I think, in one of the London Gazettes for 1687 + or 1688. I read the report in one of these at the British Museum several + years ago. It purported to be given only a few days after the trial had + taken place.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Circle of the Seasons.</span> 12mo. London, 1828. + (Two Copies.)</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jones' Account of Aberystwith.</span> Trevecka, 8vo. + 1779.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">M. C. H. Broemel's Fest-Tanzen der Ersten + Christen.</span> Jena, 1705.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Cooper's Account of Public Records.</span> 8vo. 1832. + Vol. I.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Passionael efte dat Levent der Heiligen.</span> + Basil, 1522.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">King on Roman Coins.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Lord Lansdowne's Works.</span> Vol. I. Tonson. + 1736.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">James Baker's Picturesque Guide to the Local Beauties + of Wales.</span> Vol. I. 4to. 1794.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Webster's Dictionary.</span> Vol. II. 4to. 1832.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Walker's Particles.</span> 8vo. old calf, 1683.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Warner's Sermons.</span> 2 Vols. Longman, about + 1818.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Author's Printing and Publishing Assistant.</span> + 12mo., cloth. 1842.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sanders' History of Shenstone in + Staffordshire.</span> J. Nichols, London. 1794. Two Copies.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Herbert's Carolina Threnodia.</span> 8vo. 1702.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored.</span> 4to. 1726.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sermons by the Rev. Robert Wake, M.A.</span> 1704, + 1712, &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">History of Ancient Wilts</span>, by Sir <span + class="sc">R. C. Hoare.</span> The last three Parts.</p> + + <p>*** Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send + their names.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to + be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet + Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p><i>Being anxious to include as many Replies as possible in our present + Number, in order that they may be found in the same Volume with the</i> + Queries <i>to which they relate, we have omitted for this week our + usual</i> <span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>, <i>as well + as our</i> <span class="sc">Notes on Books</span>, <i>and several + interesting articles, which are in type</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span>'<i>s</i> Treatment of Positives + <i>shall appear next week</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span>—<i>The + passage</i>—-</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The soul's dark cottage," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>is from Waller. See some curious illustrations of it in our</i> 3rd + Vol., pp. 154, 155.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">W. Ewart.</span> <i>We should he glad to have an + opportunity of looking at the collection of Epithets to which our + correspondent refers</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jarltzberg</span>'<i>s Query in our next. His other + articles shall have early attention</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Juvenis</span>. <i>We must repeat that we cannot + undertake the invidious task of recommending our Correspondents where to + purchase their photographic apparatus and materials. Our advertising + columns give ample information. The demand for cheap apparatus, if it + becomes general, will be sure to be supplied</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Errata</i>.—P. 569. col. 1. l. 45., for "oo<i>yddes</i>" read + "Ov<i>yddes</i>." P. 548 col. 2. l. 47, for "1550" read "1850."</p> + + <p><i>The</i> <span class="sc">Index</span> <i>to our</i> Seventh Volume + <i>is in forward preparation. It will be ready, we hope, by</i> Saturday + the 16th, <i>when we shall also publish our Seventh Volume, Price</i> + 10s. 6d., <i>cloth, boards</i>.</p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. to vi., <i>price Three Guineas, may now be had; + for which early application is desirable</i>.</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>SPECTACLES.</b>—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as + a Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's + Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited + at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are + so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the + surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely + removed; and a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power + and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the + various sizes on application to WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, + London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. +cloth) of</p> + + <p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, + F.S.A.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Volume Three, 1272—1377.</p> + <p>Volume Four, 1377—1485.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Lately published, price 28s. cloth,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Volume One, 1066—1199.</p> + <p>Volume Two, 1199—1272.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore + take its stand in the permanent literature of' our + country."—<i>Gent. Mag</i>.</p> + + <p>London : LONGMAN & CO.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH</b>, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. + Class X. in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities. and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 635 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page635"></a>{635}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES</b>—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER</b>.—Negative and Positive Papers of + Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for + Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of + Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY</b>, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call + the attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the + superiority of his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, + possessing the efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, + with the portability and convenience of the Folding Ditto.</p> + + <p>Every description of Apparatus to order.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for + obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty + seconds, according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which my be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i> + 4<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p><b>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS</b> of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW + EDITION. Translated from the French.</p> + + <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S + celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and + other Talbotype Papers.</p> + + <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p> + + <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide + of Silver)—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289 Strand, were the + first in England who published the application of this agent (see + <i>Athenæum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.) + retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired + for months; it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound + mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and + all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the + Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the + open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best + Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL +LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum + of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying + with the different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid + during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per + cent. on the Sum Assured.</p> + + <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders + being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the + benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK + OF PARTNERSHIP.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the + next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later + Assurers.</p> + + <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need + be paid for the first five years.</p> + + <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p> + + <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies + are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p> + + <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the + Society's Agents, or of</p> + + <p>GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.</p> + + <p><i>99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</b></p> + + <p>3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PURE NERVOUS</b> or MIND COMPLAINTS.—If the readers of <span + class="sc">Notes & Queries</span>, who suffer from depression of + spirits, confusion, headache, blushing, groundless fears, unfitness for + business or society, blood to the head, failure of memory, delusions, + suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c., will call on, or correspond + with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of above 22,000 applicants, knows + not fifty uncured who have followed his advice, he will instruct them how + to get well, without fee, and will render the same service to the friends + of the insane.—At home from 11 to 3.</p> + + <p>18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY:</b> established by Act of + Parliament in 1834.—8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>HONORARY PRESIDENTS.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Earl of Courtown</p> + <p>Earl Leven and Melville</p> + <p>Earl of Norbury</p> + <p>Earl of Stair</p> + <p>Viscount Falkland</p> + <p>Lord Elphinstone</p> + <p>Lord Belhaven and Stenton</p> + <p>Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">LONDON BOARD.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Chairman.</i>—Charles Graham, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Deputy-Chairman.</i>—Charles Downes, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. Blair Avarne, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., <i>Resident</i>.</p> + <p>C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.</p> + <p>William Fairlie, Esq.</p> + <p>D. Q. Henriques, Esq.</p> + <p>J. G. Henriques, Esq.</p> + <p>F. C. Maitland, Esq.</p> + <p>William Railton, Esq.</p> + <p>F. H. Thomson, Esq.</p> + <p>Thomas Thorby, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>MEDICAL OFFICERS.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D.,</p> + <p>8. Bennett Street, St. James's.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Surgeon.</i>—F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is + as follows:—</p> + + +<table class="allb" summary="Bonus added to Policies" title="Bonus added to Policies"> + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"> + <p>Sum<br /> + Assured</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"> + <p>Time<br /> + Assured.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" colspan="2"> + <p>Sum added to<br /> + Policy</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"> + <p>Sum<br /> Payable<br /> at + Death.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>In 1841.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>In 1848.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ </i></p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ s. d.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ s. d.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ s. d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5000</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>14 years</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>683 6 8 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>787 10 0 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6470 16 8 </p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>* 1000</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p> 7 years</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>-</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>157 10 0 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1157 10 0 </p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>500</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p> 1 year</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>-</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>11 5 0 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>511 5 0 </p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>* <span class="sc">Example.</span>—At the commencement of the + year 1841, a person aged thirty took out a Policy for 1000<i>l.</i>, the + annual payment for which is 24<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>; in 1847 he + had paid in premiums 168<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>; but the profits + being 2¼ per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i> per annum for each 1000<i>l.</i>) he had 157<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i> added to the Policy, almost as much as the premiums paid.</p> + + <p>The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only + one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for + Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident + Director.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>HEAL AND SON'S</b> ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by + post. It contains descriptions and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED + different Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets and + Quilts. And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of + Bed-room Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to + render their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of + Bed-rooms.</p> + + <p>HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham + Court Road. <!-- Page 636 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page636"></a>{636}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.</p> + + <p><b>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</b></p> + + <p>(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)</p> + + <p>Of Saturday, June 18, contains Articles on</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Agriculture and steam power</p> + <p>Apples, wearing out of</p> + <p>Books noticed</p> + <p>Bradshaw's Continental Guide</p> + <p>Calendar, horticultural</p> + <p>——, agricultural</p> + <p>Camellia's, to cure sickly</p> + <p>Cartridge, Capt. Norton's</p> + <p>Chiswick exhibition</p> + <p>Coal pits, rev.</p> + <p>Draining swamps</p> + <p>Fences, wire</p> + <p>——, thorn</p> + <p>Fig trees</p> + <p>Fruits, wearing out of</p> + <p>Fuchsias from seed</p> + <p>Gardeners' Benevolent Institution, anniversary of</p> + <p>Grapes, rust in</p> + <p>Hedges, thorn</p> + <p>Horticultural Society's exhibition</p> + <p>Jeffery (Mr.), news from</p> + <p>Law relating to tenant right, rev.</p> + <p>Lycoperdon Proteus</p> + <p>Manure, liquid</p> + <p>——, waste</p> + <p>Moles, to drive away</p> + <p>Norton's, Captain, cartridge</p> + <p>Oregon expedition, news of</p> + <p>Peas, early</p> + <p>Pelargoniums, new</p> + <p>Plants, wearing out of</p> + <p>Poultry show, West Kent</p> + <p>—— books</p> + <p>Puff balls</p> + <p>Rhubarb, monster</p> + <p>—— wine, recipes for making</p> + <p>Royal Botanical Gardens</p> + <p>Seeding, thin</p> + <p>Societies, proceedings of the Agricultural of England, Bath and Oxfordshire Agricultural, Belfast Flax</p> + <p>Steam engines, uses of</p> + <p>Weight of rhubarb</p> + <p>Wheat crop</p> + <p>Wine, recipes for making rhubarb</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, + Bark, Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a + condensed account of all the transactions of the week</i>.</p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Price One Shilling.</p> + + <p><b>LETTRES D'UN ANGLAIS</b> SUR LOUIS NAPOLEON, L'EMPIRE ET LE COUP + D'ETAT, translated from the English by Permission of the Author, with + Notes by the Editors of the "Courrier de L'Europe."</p> + + <p>London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 2. Catherine Street, Strand; and all + Booksellers.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,</b> No. CLXXXV. ADVERTISEMENTS for the + forthcoming Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 25th, and + BILLS for insertion by the 27th instant.</p> + + <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p><b>NEUROTONICS</b>, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull + Newspaper</i>, June 5, 1852.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">TO BOOK COLLECTORS, ANTIQUARIES, AND HISTORIANS.<br /> +(Forwarded per Post on Receipt of Eighteen Postage Stamps.)</p> + +<h3>Miscellanea Historica et Bibliotheca Scotica, Antiqua.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead"><b>DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE</b><br /> +OF AN INTERESTING AND VALUABLE COLLECTION OF<br /> +<b>BOOKS,</b><br /> +INCLUDING NUMEROUS WORKS RELATING TO<br /> +HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND TOPOGRAPHY,<br /> +GENEALOGY, HERALDRY, AND THE PEERAGE;<br /> +<b>NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA;</b><br /> +ALSO THE MOST EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF PRIVATELY-PRINTED<br /> +BOOKS EVER OFFERED FOR SALE IN THIS<br /> +COUNTRY,</p> + + <p>INCLUDING THOSE OF THE</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>Abbotsford, Bannatyne, Maitland, and Roxburghe Clubs, the Auchinleck + Press, Camden, Celtic, English Historical, Hakluyt, Iona, Irish + Archæological, Percy, Shakspeare, Spalding, Spottiswoode, Surtees, and + Wodrow Societies:—Books printed upon Vellum:—Curious and + Unique Collection of Manuscripts relating to the Nobility and Gentry of + Scotland, Scottish Poetry and the Drama, Fiction, Witchcraft, State + Papers, Chronicles and Chartularies:—an Extraordinary Collection of + Almanacs, Record Commission Publications, Ecclesiastical History, + Classics and Translations, Civil and Criminal Trials, &c., + &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>The whole of which are in Fine Preservation, warranted perfect, and + many of them in Elegant Binding.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">NOW ON SALE,<br /> +AT THE PRICES AFFIXED TO EACH ARTICLE, FOR READY MONEY, BY<br /> +THOMAS GEORGE STEVENSON,<br /> +87. PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH.<br /> +(Second Door West of the New Club.)</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>CHEAP GERMAN BOOKS</b>.—WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 15. Bedford + Street, Covent Garden, charge to direct Purchasers all Books published in + Germany at THREE SHILLINGS per PRUSSIAN THALER only, the exact value of + their published price in Germany, without any addition for carriage or + duty, for ready money. Catalogues gratis on application.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>CHEAP FRENCH BOOKS</b>.—WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 15. Bedford + Street, Covent Garden, charge to Purchasers directly from them FRENCH + BOOKS at TEN PENCE per FRANC only, being a reduction of 17 per cent. on + the former rate of Shillings for Francs. A monthly French Catalogue is + sent gratis to Purchasers.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>CURIOUS GLEANINGS</b> from ANCIENT NEWSPAPERS OF THE TIME OF KING + CHARLES, &c.—A very Choice, Instructive, and most Amusing + Miscellaneous Selection may be had free by sending SIX POSTAGE STAMPS + to</p> + + <p>MR. J. H. FENNELL, 1. WARWICK COURT, HOLBORN, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL</b>.—ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.</p> + + <p>The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, + to Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four + o'clock, under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long + been connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to + the Institution.</p> + + <p>A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">MURRAY'S MODERN COOKERY BOOK.<br /> +<span class="sc">New and Cheaper Edition.</span></p> + + <p>Now ready, an entirely New, Revised, and Cheaper Edition, with 100 + Woodcuts. Post 8vo., 5<i>s.</i>, bound.</p> + + <p>MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded upon Principles of Economy and + Practical Knowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families.</p> + + <p>"A collection of plain receipts, adapted to the service of families, + in which the table is supplied, with a regard to economy as well as + comfort and elegance."—<i>Morning Post.</i></p> + + <p>"Unquestionably the most complete guide to the culinary department of + domestic economy that has yet been given to the world."—<i>John + Bull.</i></p> + + <p>"A new edition, with a great many new receipts, that have stood the + test of <i>family</i> experience, and numerous editorial and + typographical improvements throughout."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + + <p>"Murray's 'Cookery Book' claims to rank as a new + work."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + + <p>"The best work extant on the subject for an ordinary + household."—<i>Atlas.</i></p> + + <p>"As a complete collection of useful directions clothed in perspicuous + language, this can scarcely be surpassed."—<i>Economist.</i></p> + + <p>"Full of sage instruction and advice, not only on the economical and + gastronomic materials, but on subjects of domestic management in + general."—<i>Builder.</i></p> + + <p>"We may heartily and safely commend to English housewifery this + cookery book. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points + out how an excellent dinner may be best + secured."—<i>Express.</i></p> + + <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, June 25. + 1853.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 191, June +25, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20368-h.htm or 20368-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/6/20368/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> |