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diff --git a/20364-8.txt b/20364-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eede19c --- /dev/null +++ b/20364-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3518 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 189, June 11, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 189, June 11, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 15, 2007 [EBook #20364] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{565} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 189.] +Saturday, June 11, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Tom Moore's First! 565 + Notes on several Misunderstood Words, by the Rev. + W. R. Arrowsmith 566 + Verney Papers: the Capuchin Friars, &c., by Thompson + Cooper 568 + Early Satirical Poem 568 + The Letters of Atticus, by William Cramp 569 + + MINOR NOTES:--Irish Bishops as English Suffragans-- + Pope and Buchanan--Scarce MSS. in the British + Museum--The Royal Garden at Holyrood Palace-- + The Old Ship "Royal Escape" 569 + + QUERIES:-- + "The Light of Brittaine" 570 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Thirteen an unlucky Number-- + Quotations--"Other-some" and "Unneath"-- + Newx, &c.--"A Joabi Alloquio"--Illuminations-- + Heraldic Queries--John's Spoils from Peterborough + and Crowland--"Elementa sex." &c.--Jack and Gill: + Sir Hubbard de Hoy--Humphrey Hawarden--"Populus + vult decipi"--Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and + Cambridgeshire--Harris 571 + + REPLIES:-- + Bishop Butler, by J. H. Markland, &c. 572 + Mitigation of Capital Punishment to Forgers 573 + Mythe _versus_ Myth, by Charles Thiriold 575 + "Inquiry into the State of the Union, by the Wednesday + Club in Friday Street," by James Crossley 576 + Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott, by William + Williams, &c. 576 + Church Catechism 577 + Jacob Bobart, &c., by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 578 + "Its," by W. B. Rye 578 + Bohn's Edition of Hoveden, by Henry T. Riley 579 + Books of Emblems, by J. B. Yates, &c. 579 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Pollock's Directions + for obtaining Positive Photographs upon + albumenised Paper--Test for Lenses--Washing Collodion + Pictures 581 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Cremonas--James Chaloner + --Irish Convocation--St. Paul's Epistle to Seneca + --Captain Ayloff--Plan of London--Syriac Scriptures + --Meaning of "Worth"--Khond Fable--Collar of S3. + --Chaucer's Knowledge of Italian--Pic Nic--Canker + or Brier Rose--Door-head Inscriptions--"Time and + I"--Lowbell--Overseers of Wills--Detached Belfry + Towers--Vincent Family, &c. 582 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 586 + Notices to Correspondents 586 + Advertisements 587 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +TOM MOORE'S FIRST! + +It is now generally understood that the first poetic effusion of Thomas +Moore was entrusted to a publication entitled _Anthologia Hibernica_, which +held its monthly existence from Jan. 1793 to December 1794, and is now a +repertorium of the spirited efforts made in Ireland in that day to +establish periodical literature. The set is complete in four volumes: and +being anxious to see if I could trace the "fine Roman" hand of him whom his +noble poetic satirist, and after fast friend, Byron, styled the "young +Catullus of his day," I went to the volumes, and give you the result. + +No trace of Moore appears in the volume containing the first six months of +the publication; but in the "List of Subscribers" in the second, we see +"_Master_ Thomas Moore;" and as we find this designation changed in the +fourth volume to "_Mr._ Thomas Moore, Trinity College, Dublin!" (a boy with +a black ribband in his collar, being as a collegian an "_ex officio_ +man!"), we may take it for ascertained that we have arrived at the +well-spring of those effusions which have since flowed in such sparkling +volumes among the poetry of the day. + +Moore's first contribution is easily identified; for it is prefaced by a +note, dated "Aungier Street, Sept. 11, 1793," which contains the usual +request of insertion for "_the attempts of a youthful muse_," &c., and is +signed in the semi-incognito style, "Th-m-s M--re;" the writer fearing, +doubtless, lest his fond mamma should fail to recognise in _his own copy_ +of the periodical the performance of her little precocious Apollo. + +This contribution consists of two pieces, of which we have room but for the +first: which is a striking exemplification (in subject at least) of +Wordsworth's aphorism, that "the child is father to the man." It is a +sonnet addressed to "Zelia," "_On her charging the author with writing too +much on Love!_" Who _Zelia_ was--whether a lineal ancestress of Dickens's +"Mrs. Harris," or some actual grown up young lady, who was teased by, and +tried to check the chirpings of the little {566} precocious singing +bird--does not appear: but we suspect the former, for this sonnet is +immediately followed by "A Pastoral Ballad!" calling upon some _Celia_ +unknown to "pity his tears and complaint," &c., in the usual namby-pamby +style of these compositions. To any one who considers the smart, +_espiègle_, highly artificial style of "Tom Moore's" after compositions, +his "Pastoral Ballad" will be what Coleridge called his Vision, a +"psychological curiosity." + +Passing on through the volumes, in the Number for February 1794 we find a +paraphrase of the Fifth Ode of Anacreon, by "Thomas Moore;" another short +poem in June 1794, "To the Memory of Francis Perry, Esq.," signed "T. M.," +and dated "Aungier Street." These are all which can be identified by +outward and visible signs, without danger of mistake: but there are a +number of others scattered through the volumes which I conjecture may be +his; they are under different signatures, generally T. L., which may be +taken to stand for the _alias_ "Thomas Little," by which Moore afterwards +made himself so well known. There is an "Ode to Morning," in the Number for +March 1794, above the ordinary run of magazine poetry. And in the Number +for May following are "Imitations from the Greek" and Italian, all under +this same signature. And this last being derived from some words in +Petrarch's will, bequeathing his lute to a friend, is the more curious; and +may the more probably be supposed Moore's, as it contains a thought which +is not unlikely to have suggested in after years the idea of his celebrated +melody, entitled the "Bard's Legacy." The Number for Nov. 1794, last but +one in the fourth volume, contains a little piece on "Variety," which +independent of a T. M. signature, I would _almost swear_, from internal +evidence, to be Moore's; it is the last in the series, and indicates such +progress as two years might be supposed to give the youthful poet, from the +lack-a-daisical style of his first attempts, towards that light, brilliant, +sportive vein of humour in which he afterwards wrote "What the Bee is to +the Flowret," &c., and other similar compositions. I now give Moore's first +sonnet, including its footnote, reminding us of the child's usual +explanatory addition to his first drawing of some amorphous animal--"This +is a horse!" or "a bear!" as the case may be. Neither the _metre_ nor the +_matter_ would prepare us for the height to which the writer afterwards +scaled "the mountain's height of Parnassus:" + + "TO ZELIA. + + (_On her charging the Author with writing too much on Love._) + + 'Tis true my Muse to love inclines, + And wreaths of Cypria's myrtle twines; + Quits all aspiring, lofty views, + And chaunts what Nature's gifts infuse: + Timid to try the mountain's* height, + Beneath she strays, retir'd from sight, + Careless, culling amorous flowers; + Or quaffing mirth in Bacchus' bowers. + When first she raised her simplest lays + In Cupid's never-ceasing praise, + The God a faithful promise gave-- + That never should she feel Love's stings, + Never to burning passion be a slave, + But feel the purer joy _thy_ friendship brings. + + * Parnassus!" + +If you think this fruit of a research into a now almost forgotten work, +which however contains many matters of interest (among the rest, "The +Baviad of Gifford"), worth insertion, please put it among "N. & Q.;" it may +incite others to look more closely, and perhaps trace other "disjecta +membra poetæ." + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS. + +(_Continued from_ p. 544.) + +Let no one say that a tithe of these instances would have sufficed. Whoever +thinks so, little understands the vitality of error. Most things die when +the brains are out: error has no brains, though it has more heads than the +hydra. Who could have believed it possible that after Steevens's heaped-up +proofs in support of the authentic reading, "_carded_ his state" (_King +Henry IV._, Act III. Scene 2.), Warburton's corruption, _'scarded_, i. e. +_discarded_, was again to be foisted into the text on the authority of some +nameless and apocryphal commentator? Let me be pardoned if I prefer +Shakspeare's genuine text, backed by the masterly illustrations of his +ablest glossarist, before the wishy-washy adulterations of Nobody: and as a +small contribution to his abundant avouchment of the original reading, the +underwritten passage may be flung in, by way of make-weight: + + "_Carded_ his state (says King Henry), + _Mingled_ his royaltie with carping fooles." + + "Since which it hath been and is his daily practice, either to broach + doctrinas novas et peregrinas, new imaginations never heard of before, + or to revive the old and new dress them. And these--for that by + themselves they will not utter--_to mingle and to card_ with the + Apostles' doctrine, &c., that at the least yet he may so vent + them."--One of the Sermons upon the Second Commandment, preached in the + Parish Church of St. Giles, Cripplegate, on the Ninth of January, A.D. + MDXCII.: Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 55. _Lib. Ang.-Cath. Theol._ + + * * * * * + +_Trash_, to shred or lop.--So said Steevens, alleging that he had met with +it in books containing directions for gardeners, published in the time of +{567} Queen Elizabeth. I fear his memory deceived him, or why should a man +of his sound learning afterwards incline to vail bonnet to the dogmatist +Warburton? whose knowledge of dogs, by the way, must have been marvellously +small, or he could never have imagined them to overtop one another in a +horizontal course. _Overrun_, _overshoot_, _overslip_, are terms in +hunting, _overtop_ never; except perchance in the vocabulary of the wild +huntsman of the Alps. _Trash_ occurs as a verb in the sense above given, +Act I. Sc. 2. of the _Tempest_: "Who t'aduance, and who to _trash_ for +over-topping." I have never met with the _verb_ in that sense elsewhere, +but overtop is evermore the appropriate term in arboriculture. To quote +examples of that is needless. Of it metaphorically applied, just as in +Shakspeare, take the following example: + + "Of those three estates, which swayeth most, that in a manner doth + overtop the rest, and like a foregrown member depriveth the other of + their proportion of growth."--Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 177., _Lib. + Ang.-Cath. Theol._ + +Have we not the substantive _trash_ in the sense of shreddings, at p. 542. +book iii. of a _Discourse of Forest Trees_, by John Evelyn? The extract +that contains the word is this: + + "Faggots to be every stick of three feet in length, excepting only one + stick of one foot long, to harden and wedge the binding of it; this to + prevent the abuse, too much practised, of filling the middle part and + ends with _trash_ and short sticks, which had been omitted in the + former statute." + +Possibly some of the statutes referred to by Evelyn may contain examples of +the verb. In the meantime it will not be impertinent to remark, that what +appears to be nothing more than a dialectic variety of the word, namely +_trouse_, is of every-day use in this county of Hereford for trimmings of +hedges; that it is given by Grose as a verb in use in Warwickshire for +trimming off the superfluous branches; and lastly, that it is employed as a +substantive to signify shreddings by Philemon Holland, who, if I rightly +remember, was many years head master of Coventry Grammar School: + + "Prouided alwaies, that they be paued beneath with stone; and for want + thereof, laid with green willow bastons, and for default of them, with + vine cuttings, or such _trousse_, so that they lie halfe a foot + thicke."--The Seuenteenth Booke of Plinie's _Naturall History_, chap. + xi. p. 513.: London, 1634. + +_Trash_ no one denies to be a kennel term for hampering a dog, but it does +not presently follow that the word bore no other signification; indeed, +there is no more fruitful mother of confusion than homonomy. + + * * * * * + +_Clamor_, to curb, restrain (the tongue): + + "_Clamor_ your tongues, and not a word more." + _The Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 4. + +Most judiciously does NARES reject Gifford's corruption of this word into +_charm_, nor will the suffrage of the "clever" old commentator one jot +contribute to dispel their diffidence of this change, whom the severe +discipline of many years' study, and the daily access of accumulating +knowledge, have schooled into a wholesome sense of their extreme +fallibility in such matters. Without adding any comment, I now quote, for +the inspection of learned and unlearned, the two ensuing extracts: + + "For Critias manaced and thretened hym, that onelesse he _chaumbreed_ + his tongue in season, ther should ere l[=o]g bee one oxe the fewer for + hym."--_Apoptheymis of Erasmus_, translated by Nicolas Vdall, + MCCCCCXLII, the First Booke, p. 10. + + "From no sorte of menne in the worlde did he refrein or _chaumbre_ the + tauntying of his tongue."--_Id._, p. 76. + +After so many Notes, one Query. In the second folio edition of Shakspeare +(my first folio wants the whole play), I find in _Cymbeline_, Act V. Sc. +3., the next beautiful passage: + + "_Post._ Still going? This is a lord: Oh noble misery + To be ith' field, and aske what newes of me: + To-day how many would have given their honors + To have sav'd their carkasses? Tooke heele to doo't, + And yet dyed too. I in mine owne woe charm'd, + Could not find death, where I did heare him groane, + Nor feele him where he strooke. Being an ugly monster, + 'Tis strange he hides him in fresh cups, soft beds, + Sweet words; or hath moe ministers then we + That draw his knives ith' war. Well I will finde him: + For being now a favourer to the Britaine, + No more a Britaine, I have resum'd againe + The part I came in." + +In the antepenultimate line, Britaine was more than a century ago changed +by Hanmer into Roman, therefore retained by Warburton, again rejected by +Steevens and Johnson, once more replaced by Knight and Collier, with one of +his usual happy notes by the former of the two, without comment by the +latter, finally left unnoticed by Dyce. My Query then is this. What amount +of obtuseness will disqualify a criticaster who itches to be tinkering and +cobbling the noblest passages of thought that ever issued from mortal +brain, while at the same time he stumbles and bungles in sentences of that +simplicity and grammatical clearness, as not to tax the powers of a +third-form schoolboy to explain?[1] If editors, commentators, {568} +critics, and all the countless throng who are ambitious to daub with their +un-tempered mortar, or scribble their names upon the most majestic edifice +of genius that the world ever saw, lack the little discernment necessary to +interpret aright the above extract from _Cymbeline_, for the last hundred +years racked and tortured in vain, let them at length learn henceforth to +distrust their judgment altogether. + +W. R. ARROWSMITH. + +P.S.--In article of No. 180. p. 353., a rather important misprint occurs, +viz. date of 4to. _King Richard II._ with unusual title-page, which should +be 1608, not 1605. Other little errors the reader may silently amend for +himself. + +[Footnote 1: In a passage from L. L. L., lately winnowed in the pages of +"N. & Q.," divers attempts at elucidation (whereof not one, in my judgment, +was successful) having been made, it was gravely, almost magisterially +proposed by one of the disputants, to corrupt the concluding lines (MR. +COLLIER having already once before corrupted the preceding ones by +substituting a plural for a singular verb, in which lay the true key to the +right construction) by altering "their" the pronoun into "there" the +adverb, because (shade of Murray!) the commentator could not discover of +what noun "their" could possibly be the pronoun in these lines following: + + "When great things labouring perish in their birth, + Their form confounded makes most form in mirth." + +And it was left to MR. KEIGHTLEY to bless the world with the information +that it was "things."] + + * * * * * + + +VERNEY PAPERS--THE CAPUCHIN FRIARS, ETC. + +In the appendix to _Notes of Proceedings in the Long Parliament_, by Sir +Ralph Verney, edited by Mr. Bruce for the Camden Society in 1845, are +"Notes written in a Cipher," which Mr. Bruce gives in the hope that the +ingenuity of some reader will discover their meaning. I venture thus to +decypher the same: + + "The Capuchin's house to be dissolued. + No extracts of letters to be aloued in this house. + The prince is now come to Greenhich three lette. + Three greate ships staied in France. + Gersea a letter from Lord S^t Albones. + £11 per diem Hull. + The king's answert to our petition about the militia. + If a king offer to kil himselfe, wee must not only advise but wrest the + weapon from. + A similitude of a depilat. + Consciences corrupted." + +I ought to state that in one or two instances the wrong cypher has +evidently been used by mistake, and this has of course increased the +difficulty of decyphering the notes. + +With reference to the note "The Capuchins' House to be dissolued," may I be +allowed to refer to the following votes in the House of Commons, of the +date 26th February, 1641-2: + + "Ordered, That Mr. Peard, Mr. Whistler, Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Pideaux, Mr. + Selden, Mr. Young, Mr. Hill, do presently withdraw, to peruse the + statutes now in force against priests and Jesuits. + + "Ordered, That Mr. Whittacre, Mr. Morley, do presently go to Denmarke + House. + + "Resolved, That the Capuchines shall be forthwith apprehended and taken + into safe custody by the Serjeant-at-Arms attending on this house; and + there kept till this house take farther order." + +The Capuchins were under the protection of the Queen Henrietta Maria; +Denmark House was the name by which Somerset House was at the period known. + +Under date 2nd March, 1641-2, are the following entries in the Commons' +Journal: + + "Mr. Holles brings this answer from the French Ambassador, That the + Capuchins being sent hither by Articles of Treaty between the Two + Crowns, he durst not of himself send them without Order from the King + his Master, or the King and Queen here: And said farther, That the + Queen had left an express Command for their stay here; and that he + would be ever ready to do any good Office for this House, and to keep a + good Correspondency between the Two Crowns; and if this House pleased, + he would undertake to keep them safe Prisoners at Somersett House; and + that the chapel there shall have the doors locked, and no Mass be said + there. + + "Ordered, That Mr. Hollis do acquaint the French Ambassador, that this + House doth accept of his Offer in securing the Persons of the + Capuchins, till this House take farther Order: and that the Doors be + locked, and made fast, at the Chapel at Somersett House; and that no + Mass be said there. + + "Ordered, That the Lord Cramborne and Mr. Hollis shall acquaint the + French Ambassador with the desires of this House, that the Capuchins be + forthwith sent away; and to know if he will undertake to send them + away; and, if he will, that then they be forthwith delivered unto him. + + "That Mr. Hollis do go up to the Lords, to acquaint them with the + Resolutions of this House, concerning the Capuchins, and desire their + Lordships' concurrence therein." + +Some particulars of the proceedings of the parliament against the Capuchins +may be found in "Memoirs of the Mission in England of the Capuchin Friars +of the Province of Paris by Father Cyprian Gamache," in _The Court and +Times of Charles I._, vol. ii. pp. 344. 354. + +THOMPSON COOPER. + +Cambridge. + + * * * * * + + +EARLY SATIRICAL POEM. + +On the turning over the pages of an old printed copy of Durand's _Rationale +Divinorum Officiorus_, edited by Bonetus de locatellis bergomensis, and +printed at Lyons in 1506, by Natalis Brabam, for Jaques Huguetan, I found +the following copy of verses written on the fly-leaf. They are written in a +hand which I am inclined to assign to a date {569} not much later than that +of the book. There is no clue to the author. If they are thought worthy of +insertion in "N. & Q.," I beg to inquire, through the medium of your +columns, whether they are to be found in any collection of early English +poems? and whether the author is known? + +The ungallant sentiment of the first three stanzas is obvious. The fourth +is not so plain; nor is its connexion with the others evident, though it is +written without anything to mark separation; and the word "finis" is placed +below it, as if to apply to the whole. I should be obliged if some one of +your readers would give some explanation of it. + +W. H. G. + +Winchester. + + "Wen [_sic_] nettylles in wynter bryngythe forthe rosses red, + And a thorne bryngythe figges naturally, + And grase berrythe appulles in every mede, + And lorrel cherrys on his crope so hye, + And okkys berrythe datys plentyusly, + And kykkys gyvythe hony in superfluans, + The put in women yower trust and confydenc. + + "When whythynges walke forrestys hartyse for to chase, + And herrings in parkkys the hornnys boldly bloc, + And marlyons[2] ... hernys in morrys doo unbrace, + And gomards shut ryllyons owght of a crose boow, + And goslyngs goo a howntyng the wolf to overthrow, + And sparlyns bere sperrys and arms for defenc, + Then put yn women yower trust and confydenc. + + "When sparrowes byld chorchys and styppyllys of a hyght, + And corlewys carry tymber yn howsys for to dyght, + Wrennys bere sakkys to the myll, + And symgis[3] bryng butter to the market to sell, + And wodcokkys were wodknyffys the crane for to kyll, + And gryffyns to goslynges doo obedienc, + Then put in women yower trust and confydenc. + + "O ye imps of Chynner, ye Lydgatys pene, + With the spryght of bookkas ye goodly inspyrryd, + Ye Ynglyshe poet, excydyng other men, + With musyk wyne yower tong yn syrryd, + Ye roll in yower rellatyvys as a horse immyrryd, + With Ovyddes penner ye are gretly in favor, + Ye bere boys incorne, God dyld yow for yower labor. + Finis." + +[Footnote 2: Merlin's hawks.] + +[Footnote 3: Doubtful; but perhaps for syngies, an old name for the finch.] + + * * * * * + + +THE LETTERS OF ATTICUS. + +The editor of the _Grenville Papers_ has alluded to some "very judicious +and pertinent remarks in the 'N. & Q.'" respecting the Letters of Atticus, +and as most of your readers will probably agree with him that the +authenticity of these letters is "a curious and interesting question, and +one that deserves _very particular attention_," I beg to correct an error +into which he and others have fallen, as to the date when Junius ceased to +write under the signature Atticus. The Atticus forwarded by Junius to +George Grenville on the 19th October, 1768, was, there is every reason to +believe, the _last_ from the pen of that writer, who was then preparing to +come before the public in a more prominent character. When another +correspondent adopted the signature Atticus, Woodfall gave his readers +warning by inserting the following notice into the _Public Advertiser_: + + "The Address to the Freeholders of the county of Middlesex, signed + _Atticus_, in our next. The Printer thinks it his duty to acquaint his + readers that this letter is not by the same hand as some letters in + this paper a little time since, under the signature _Atticus_."--_Pub. + Ad._, March 19, 1769. + +The printer took the like course when writers attempted to "impose upon the +public" by using the signatures Lucius and C., and then freely inserted +their letters; but when the same trick was tried with Junius, the printer +did not scruple to alter the signature, or reject the contribution as +spurious. + +The genuine Letters of Atticus have had a narrow escape lately of being +laughed out of their celebrity by writers in some of our most respectable +periodicals. The authenticity of these letters up to the 19th October, +1768, is now fully established. The undecided question of the authorship of +Junius requires that every statement should be carefully examined, and (as +far as possible) only well-authenticated facts be admitted as evidence in +future. + +WILLIAM CRAMP. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Irish Bishops as English Suffragans._--In compliance with the suggestion +of J. M. D. in your last volume, p. 385., I abridge from _The Record_ of +March 17th the following particulars: + + "At a recent meeting of the Archæolgical Society the Rev. W. Gunner + stated that from a research among the archives of the bishops and of + the college of Winchester, he had found that many Irish bishops, during + the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, were merely titular bishops, + bearing the titles of sees in Ireland, while they acted as suffragans + to bishops in England. A Bishop of Achonry, for instance, appeared to + have been frequently deputed by William of Wykeham to consecrate + churches, and to perform other episcopal duties, in his diocese; and + the Bishops of Achonry seemed frequently to have been suffragans of + those of Winchester. No see exhibits more instances of this + expatriation than Dromore, lying as it did in an unsettled and + tumultuous country. Richard Messing, who succeeded to Dromore bishopric + in 1408, was suffragan to the Archbishop of York; and so died at {570} + York within a year after his appointment. His successor John became a + suffragan to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and died such in 1420. + Thomas Scrope, a divine from Leicestershire, was appointed by the Pope + to this see in 1430: he could not live in peace with the Irish, and + therefore became vicar-general to the Bishop of Norwich. Thomas + Radcliffe, his successor, never lived in Ireland: 'the profits of his + see did not extend to 30l. sterling, and for its extreme poverty it is + void and desolate, and almost extincted, in so much as none will own + the same, or abide therein.' Dr. Radcliffe was therefore obliged to + become a suffragan to the Bishop of Durham. William, who followed him + in the Dromore succession in 1500, lived in York, and was suffragan to + its archbishop; and it would seem his successors were also suffragans + in England, until the plantation of Ulster improved the circumstances + of that province." + +AN OXFORD B. C. L. + +_Pope and Buchanan._--I beg to suggest as a Query, whether Pope did not +borrow the opening of his _Essay on Man_ from that of the second book of +Buchanan's Latin poem _De Sphærâ_. Let us compare them. + +Buchanan: + + "Jam mihi Timoleon, animo majora capaci + Concipe; nec terras semper mirare jacentes; + Excute degeneres circum mortalia curas, + Et mecum ingentes coeli spatiare per auras." + +Pope: + + "Awake, my St. John, leave all meaner things + To low ambition and the pride of kings; + Let us, since life can little more supply + Than just to look about us and to die, + Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man." + +I do not remember the comparison to have been made before. + +WM. EWART. + +University Club. + +_Scarce MSS. in the British Museum._--In Cotton MSS., Titus, B 1., will be +found a curious and valuable collection of papers entitled "Cromwell's +Remembrances." These comprise: + +1. A period from about the death of Anne Boleyn to his attainder. + +2. They are very miscellaneous, consisting of memoranda of subjects for +conference with the king. Notices of persons to be remembered for offices. +Sale of lands. Diplomacy, and various other particulars. Notes relative to +the dissolution of monasteries; their riches, revenues, and pensions to +abbots, &c. The reception of Anne Cleves, and the alteration of the royal +household thereupon. Privy council and parliamentary notes. Foreign +alliances. Scotch and Irish affairs, consequent on the dissolution of +abbeys, &c. + +These curious materials for history are in the rough and confused state in +which they were left by their author, and, to render them available, would +require an index to the whole. + +The "Remembrances" are in some degree illustrated by Harl. MS. 604., which +is a very curious volume of monastic affairs at the dissolution. Also by +605, 606, and 607. The last two belong to the reign of Philip and Mary, and +contain an official account of the lands sold by them belonging to the +crown in the third and fourth years of their reign. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +_The Royal Garden at Holyrood Palace._--I cannot help noticing a +disgraceful fact, which has only lately come to my knowledge. There is, +adjoining the Palace of Holyrood, an ancient garden of the old kings of +Scotland: in it is a curious sundial, with Queen Mary's name on it. There +is a pear-tree planted by her hands, and there are many other deeply +interesting traces of the royal race, who little dreamed how their old +stately places were to be profaned, after they themselves were laid in the +dust. The garden of the Royal Stuarts is now _let_ to a market gardener! +Are there no true-hearted Scotchmen left, who will redeem it from such +desecration? + +L. M. M. R. + +_The Old Ship "Royal Escape."_--The following extract from the _Norwich +Mercury_ of Aug. 21, 1819, under the head of "Yarmouth News," will probably +be gratifying to your querist ANON, Vol. vii., p. 380.: + + "On the 13th inst. put into this port (Yarmouth), having been grounded + on the Barnard Sand, _The Royal Escape_, government hoy, with horses + for his royal highness at Hanover. This vessel is the same that King + Charles II. made his escape in from Brighthelmstone." + +JOSEPH DAVEY. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +"THE LIGHT OF BRITTAINE." + +I should be glad, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to be favoured with some +particulars regarding this work, and its author, Maister Henry Lyte, of +Lytescarie, Esq. He presented the said work with his own hand to "our late +soveraigne queene and matchlesse mistresse, on the day when shee came, in +royall manner, to Paule's Church." I shall also be glad of any information +about his son, Maister Thomas Lyte, of Lytescarie, Esq., "a true immitator +and heyre to his father's vertues," and who + + "Presented to the Majestie of King James, (with) an excellent mappe or + genealogicall table (contayning the bredth and circumference of twenty + large sheets of paper), which he entitleth _Brittaines Monarchy_, + approuing Brute's History, and the whole succession of this our nation, + from the very original, with the just observation of al times, changes, + and occasions therein happening. This worthy worke, having cost above + {571} seaven yeares labour, beside great charges and expense, his + highnesse hath made very gracious acceptance of, and to witnesse the + same, in court it hangeth in an especiall place of eminence. Pitty it + is, that this phoenix (as yet) affordeth not a fellowe, or that from + privacie it might not bee made more generall; but, as his Majestie has + granted him priviledge, so, that the world might be woorthie to enjoy + it, whereto, if friendship may prevaile, as he hath been already, so + shall he be still as earnestly sollicited." + +These two works appear to have been written towards the close of the +sixteenth century. Is anything more known of them, and their respective +authors? + +TRAJA-NOVA. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Thirteen an unlucky Number._--Is there not at Dantzic a clock, which at 12 +admits, through a door, Christ and the Eleven, shutting out Judas, who is +admitted at 1? + +A. C. + +_Quotations._-- + + "I saw a man, who saw a man, who said he saw the king." + +Whence? + + "Look not mournfully into the past; it comes not back again," + &c.--Motto of _Hyperion_. + +Whence? + +A. A. D. + +_"Other-some" and "Unneath."_--I do not recollect having ever seen these +expressions, until reading Parnell's _Fairy Tale_. They occur in the +following stanzas: + + "But now, to please the fairy king, + Full every deal they laugh and sing, + And antic feats devise; + Some wind and tumble like an ape, + And _other-some_ transmute their shape + In Edwin's wondering eyes. + + "Till one at last, that Robin hight, + Renown'd for pinching maids by night, + Has bent him up aloof; + And full against the beam he flung, + Where by the back the youth he hung + To sprawl _unneath_ the roof." + +As the author professes the poem to be "in the ancient English style," are +these words veritable ancient English? If so, some correspondent of "N. & +Q." may perhaps be able to give instances of their recurrence. + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + +_Newx, &c._--Can any of your readers give me the _unde derivatur_ of the +word _newx_, or _noux_, or _knoux_? It is a very old word, used for the +last hundred years, as _fag_ is at our public schools, for a young cadet at +the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. When I was there, some twenty-five or +twenty-seven years ago, the _noux_ was the youngest cadet of the four who +slept in one room: and a precious life of it he led. But this, I hope, is +altered now. I have often wanted to find out from whence this term is +derived, and I suppose that your paper will find some among your numerous +correspondents who will be able to enlighten me. + +T. W. N. + +Malta. + +_"A Joabi Alloquio."_--Who can explain the following, and point out its +source? I copy from the work of a Lutheran divine, Conrad Dieteric, +_Analysis Evangeliorum_, 1631, p. 188.: + + "A Joabi Alloquio, + A Thyestis Convivio, + Ab Iscariotis 'Ave,' + A Diasii 'Salve' + Ab Herodis 'Redite' + A Gallorum 'Venite.' + Libera nos Domine." + +The fourth and sixth line I do not understand. + +B. H. C. + +_Illuminations._--When were illuminations in cities first introduced? Is +there any allusion to them in classic authors? + +CAPE. + +_Heraldic Queries._--Will some correspondent versed in heraldry answer me +the following questions? + +1. What is the origin and meaning of women of all ranks, except the +sovereign, being now debarred from bearing their arms in shields, and +having to bear them in lozenges? Formerly, all ladies of rank bore shields +upon their seals, _e.g._ the seal of Margaret, Countess of Norfolk, who +deceased A.D. 1399; and of Margaret, Countess of Richmond, and mother of +Henry VIII., who deceased A.D. 1509. These shields are figured in the +_Glossary of Heraldry_, pp. 285, 286. + +2. Is it, heraldically speaking, wrong to inscribe the motto upon a circle +(not a garter) or ribbon round the shield? So says the _Glossary_, p. 227. +If wrong, on what principle? + +3. Was it ever the custom in this country, as on the Continent to this day, +for ecclesiastics to bear their arms in a circular or oval panel?--the +martial form of the shield being considered inconsistent with their +spiritual character. If so, when did the custom commence, and where may +instances be seen either on monuments or in illustrated works? + +CEYREP. + +_John's Spoils from Peterborough and Crowland._--Clement Spelman, in his +Preface to the reader, with which he introduces his father's treatise _De +non temerandis Ecclesiis_, says (edit. Oxford, 1841, p.45.): + + "I cannot omit the sacrilege and punishment of King John, who in the + seventeenth year of his reign, among other churches, rifled the abbeys + of {572} Peterborough and Croyland, and after attempts to carry his + sacrilegious wealth from Lynn to Lincoln; but, passing the Washes, the + earth in the midst of the waters opens her mouth (as for Korah and his + company), and at once swallows up both carts, carriage, and horses, all + his treasure, all his regalities, all his church spoil, and all the + church spoilers; not one escapes to bring the king word," &c. + +Is the precise spot known where this catastrophe occurred, or have any +relics been since recovered to give evidence of the fact? + +J. SANSOM. + +_"Elementa sex," &c._--Perhaps one of your readers, given to such trifles, +will hazard a guess at the solution, if not at the author, of the +subjoined: + + "Elementa sex me proferent totam tibi; + Totam hanc, lucernis si tepent fungi, vides, + Accisa senibus suppetit saltantibus, + Levetur, armis adfremunt Horatii; + Facienda res est omnibus, si fit minor, + Es, quod relinquis deinde, si subtraxeris; + Si rite tandem quæritas originem, + Ad sibilum, vix ad sonum, reverteris." + +EFFIGY. + +_Jack and Gill--Sir Hubbard de Hoy._--Having recently amused myself by a +dive into old Tusser's _Husbandrie_, the following passages suggested +themselves as fitting _Queries_ for your pages: + +_Jack and Gill._-- + + "Let Jack nor Gill + Fetch corn at will." + +Can the "Jack and Gill" of our nursery tales be traced to an earlier date +than Tusser's time? + +_Hobble de Hoy._--Speaking of the periods of a man's life, Tusser's advice, +from the age of fourteen years to twenty-one, is to "Keep under Sir Hubbard +de Hoy." Is it known whether there ever existed a personage so named, +either as a legend or a myth? And if not, what is the origin of the modern +term "Hobble de Hoy" as a designation for a stripling? Bailey omits it in +his _Dictionary_. + +L. A. M. + +_Humphrey Hawarden._--Information is solicited respecting this individual, +who was a Doctor of Laws, and living in 1494. Also, of a Justice Port, +living about the same period. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_"Populus vult decipi."_-- + + "Populus } { + Mundus } vult decipi { et decipiatur, + Vulgus } { decipiatur ergo." + +Who was the author of the maxim? which is its correct form? and where is it +to be found? It seems to present another curious instance of our ignorance +of things with which we are familiar. I have put the question to a dozen +scholars, fellows of colleges, barristers, &c. &c., and none has been able +to give me an answer. One only _thinks_ it was a dictum of some Pope. + +HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + +_Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire._--Where can any list of +the sheriffs for these counties be found, _previous_ to the list given by +Fuller from the time of Henry VIII.? + +D. + +_Harris._--The Rev. William Harris, B.A., was presented, by Thomas Pindar, +Esq., to the vicarage of Luddington, Lincolnshire, on the 7th August, 1722. +Mr. Harris died here in June, 1748, aged eighty-two. On his tomb is +inscribed,-- + + "Illi satis licuit + Nunc veterum libris, nunc + Somno, et inertibus horis + Ducere solicitæ jucunda oblivio vitæ." + +A tradition of his being a wizard still lingers in the village, and I +should be very glad to receive any particulars respecting him. From an +inspection of his will at Lincoln, it appears that he used the coat of the +ancient family of Harris of Radford, Devon, and that his wife's name was +Honora, a Christian name not infrequent about that period in families of +the West of England also, as, for instance, Honora, daughter of Sir Richard +Rogers of Bryanstone, who married Edward Lord Beauchamp, and had a daughter +Honora, who married Sir Ferdinand Sutton; Honora, the wife of Harry Conway, +Esq., of Bodrhyddan, Flint; Honora, daughter of Edward Fortescue of +Fallapit; besides others. + +W. H. LAMMIN. + +Fulham. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +BISHOP BUTLER. + +(Vol. vii., p. 528.) + +"Charity thinketh no evil;" but we must feel both surprise and regret that +any one should, in 1853, consider it a doubtful question whether Bishop +Butler died in the communion of the Church of England. The bishop has now +been in his grave more than a hundred years; but Warburton says truly, "How +light a matter very often subjects the best-established characters to the +suspicions of posterity--how ready is a remote age to catch at a low +revived slander, which the times that brought it forth saw despised and +forgotten almost in its birth." + +X. Y. Z. says he would be glad to have this charge (originally brought +forward in 1767) _sifted_. He will find that it has been sifted, and in the +most full and satisfactory manner, by persons of no less distinction than +Archbishop Secker and Bishop Halifax. The strong language employed by the +archbishop, when refuting what he terms {573} a "gross and scandalous +falsehood," and when asserting the bishops "abhorrence of popery," need not +here be quoted, as "N.& Q." is not the most proper channel for the +discussion of theological subjects; but it is alleged that every man of +sense and candour was convinced _at the time_ that the charge should be +retracted; and it must be a satisfaction to your correspondent to know, +that as Bishop Butler lived so he _died_, in full communion with that +Church, which he adorned equally by his matchless writings, sanctity of +manners, and spotless life.[4] + +J. H. MARKLAND. + +Bath. + +[Footnote 4: Your correspondent may be referred to _Memoirs of the Life of +Bishop Butler_, by a connexion of his own, the Rev. Thomas Bartlett, A.M., +published in 1839; and to a review of the same work in the _Quarterly +Review_, vol. lxiv. p. 331.] + +In reference to the Query by X. Y. Z., as to whether Bishop Butler died in +the Roman Catholic communion, allow me to refer your correspondent to the +contents of the letters from Dr. Forster and Bishop Benson to Secker, then +Bishop of Oxford, concerning the last illness and death of the prelate in +question, deposited at Lambeth amongst the private MSS. of Archbishop +Seeker, "as negative arguments against the calumny of his dying a Papist." + +Than the allegations that Butler died with a Roman Catholic book of +devotion in his hand, and that the last person in whose company he was seen +was a priest of that persuasion, nothing can be more unreasonable, if at +least it be meant to deduce from these unproved statements that the bishop +agreed with the one and held communion with the other. Dr. Forster, his +chaplain, was with him at his death, which happened about 11 A.M., June 16; +and this witness observes (in a letter to the Bishop of Oxford, June 18) +that "the last four-and-twenty hours preceding which [_i. e._ his death] +were divided between short broken slumbers, and intervals of a calm but +disordered talk when awake." Again (letter to Ditto, June 17), Forster says +that Bishop Butler, "when, for a day or two before his death, he had in a +great measure lost the use of his faculties, was perpetually talking of +writing to your lordship, though without seeming to have anything which, at +least, he was at all capable of communicating to you." Bishop Benson writes +to the Bishop of Oxford (June 12) that Butler's "attention to any one or +anything is immediately lost and gone;" and, "my lord is incapable, not +only of reading, but attending to anything read or said." And again, "his +attention to anything is very little or none." + +There was certainly an interval between this time (June 12) and "the last +four-and-twenty hours" preceding his death, during which, writes Bishop +Benson (June 17), Butler "said kind and affecting things more than I could +bear." Yet, on the whole, I submit that these extracts, if fully weighed +and considered with all the attending circumstances, contain enough of even +positive evidence to refute conclusively the injurious suspicions alluded +to by X. Y. Z., if such are still current. + +J. R. C. + + * * * * * + + +MITIGATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT TO FORGERS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 434., &c.) + +I have asked many questions, and turned over many volumes and files of +newspapers, to get at the real facts of the cases of mitigation stated in +"N. & Q." Having winnowed the chaff as thoroughly as I could, I send the +very few grains I have found. Those only who have searched annual +registers, magazines, and journals for the foundation of stories defective +in names and dates, will appreciate my difficulties. + +I have not found any printed account of the "Jeannie Deans" case, "N. & +Q.," Vol. iv., p. 434.; Vol. v., p. 444.; Vol. vi., p. 153. I have inquired +of the older members of the Northern Circuit, and they never heard of it. +Still a young man may have been convicted of forgery "about thirty-five +years ago:" his sister may have presented a well-signed petition to the +judges, and the sentence may have been commuted without the tradition +surviving on the circuit. All however agree, that no man who ever sat on +the bench deserved the imputation of "obduracy" less than Baron Graham. I +should not have noticed the anecdote but for its _mythic_ accompaniments, +which I disposed of in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 444. + +In Vol. vi., p. 496., W. W. cites from Wade's _British History_: + + "July 22, 1814. Admiral William B----y found guilty of forging letters + to defraud the revenue. He was sentenced to death, which was commuted + to banishment." + +The case is reported in _The Sun_, July 25, 1814; and the subsequent facts +are in _The Times_, July 30, and August 16 and 20. It was tried before Mr. +Justice Dampier at the Winchester Summer Assizes. There were five bills +against the prisoner for forgery, and one for a fraud. That on which he was +convicted, was for defrauding the post-master of Gosport of 3l. 8s. 6d. He +took to the post-office a packet of 114 letters, which he said were "ship +letters," from the "Mary and Jane." He received the postage, and signed the +receipt "W. Johnstone." The letters were fictitious. The case was fully +proved, and he received sentence of death. He was respited for a fortnight, +and afterwards during the pleasure of the Prince Regent. He was struck off +the list of retired {574} rear-admirals. It was proved at the trial, that, +in 1809, he commanded "The Plantagenet;" but, _from the unsettled state of +his mind_, the command had been given up to the first lieutenant, and that +he was shortly after superseded. This, and the good character he received, +were probably held to excuse the pardon. + +I now come to the great case of George III. and Mr. Fawcett. I much regret +that WHUNSIDE has not replied in your pages to my question (Vol. vii., p. +163.), as I could then have commented upon the facts, and his means of +knowing them, with more freedom. I have a private communication from him, +which is ample and candid. He objects to bring his name before the public, +and I have no right to press that point. He is not _quite_ certain as to +the convict's name, but can procure it for me. He would rather that it +should not be published, as it might give pain to a respectable family. +Appreciating the objection, and having no use for it except to publish, I +have declined to ask it of him. + +The case occurred in 1802 or 1803, when WHUNSIDE was a pupil of Mr. +Fawcett. He says: + + "Occasionally Mr. Fawcett used to allow certain portions of a weekly + newspaper to be read to the boys on a Saturday evening. This case was + read to us, I think from the _Leeds Mercury_; and though Mr. Fawcett's + name was not mentioned, we were all aware who the minister was." + +Thus we have no _direct_ evidence of the amount of Mr. Fawcett's +communications with George III. How much of the story as it is now told was +read to the boys, we do not know; but that it came to them first through a +weekly paper, is rather against than for it. + +We all know the tendency of good stories to pick up additions as they go. I +have read that the first edition of the _Life of Loyola_ was without +miracles. This anecdote seems to have reached its full growth in 1823, in +Pearson's _Life of W. Hey, Esq._, and probably in the two lives of George +III., published after his death, and mentioned by WHUNSIDE. Pearson, as +cited in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 276., says, that by some means the _Essay +on Anger_ had been recommended to the notice of George III., who would have +made the author a bishop had he not been a dissenter; that he signified his +wish to serve Mr. Fawcett, &c. That on the conviction of H----, Mr. Fawcett +wrote to the king; and a letter soon arrived, conveying the welcome +intelligence, "You may rest assured that his life is safe," &c. + +It is not stated that this was "private and confidential:" if it was, Mr. +Fawcett had no right to mention it; if it was not, he had no reason for +concealing what was so much to his honour, and so extraordinary as the +king's personal interference in a matter invariably left to the Secretary +of State for the Home Department. If, however, Mr. Fawcett was silent from +modesty, his biographers had no inducement to be so; yet, let us see how +they state the case. The _Account of the Life, Writings, and Ministry of +the late Rev. John Fawcett_: London, 1818, cited in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. +229., says: + + "He was induced, _in conjunction with others_, to solicit the exercise + of royal clemency in mitigating the severity of that punishment which + the law denounces: and it gladdened the sympathetic feelings of his + heart to know that these petitions were not unavailing; but the modesty + of his character made him regret the publicity which had been given to + this subject." + +The fifth edition of the _Essay on Anger, printed for the Book Society for +Promoting Religious Knowledge_, London, no date, has a memoir of the +author. The "incident" is said not to have been circulated _in any +publication by the family_; but "it was one of the secrets which obtain a +wider circulation from the reserve with which one relator invariably +retails it to another." That is exactly my view. Secrecy contributes to +diffusion, but not to accuracy. At the risk of being thought tedious, I +must copy the rest of this statement: + + "Soon after the publication of this treatise, _the author took an + opportunity of presenting a copy_ to our late much revered sovereign; + whose ear was always accessible to merit, however obscure the + individual in whom it was found. Contrary to the fate of most + publications laid at the feet of royalty, it was diligently perused and + admired; and a communication of this approbation was afterwards made + known to the author. It happened some time afterwards, a relative of + one of his friends was convicted of a capital crime, for which he was + left for execution. Application was instantly made for an extension of + royal favour in his behalf; and, among others, one was made by Mr. + Fawcett: and his majesty, _no doubt recollecting the pleasure he had + derived from the perusal of his_ Essay on Anger, _and believing that he + would not recommend an improper person to royal favour_, was most + graciously pleased to answer the prayer of the petition; but _as to + precisely how far the name of Mr. Fawcett might have contributed to + this successful application must await the great disclosures of a + future judgment._" + +The reader will sift this jumble of inferences and facts, and perhaps will +not go so far as to have "no doubt." + +WHUNSIDE tells me, that about 1807 he employed a bookbinder from Halifax; +who, on hearing that he had been a pupil of Mr. Fawcett, said he had seen +two copies of the _Essay on Anger_, most beautifully bound, to be sent to +the king. + +The conclusion to which I come is, that Mr. Fawcett sent a copy of the +_Essay on Anger_ to the king; that the receipt of it was acknowledged, +possibly in some way more complimentary than the ordinary circular; that a +young man was convicted of forgery; that Mr. Fawcett and others petitioned +for his pardon, and that he was {575} pardoned. All the rest I hold to be +mere rumours, not countenanced by Mr. Fawcett or his family, and not +_asserted_ by his biographers. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + + +MYTHE VERSUS MYTH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 326.) + +MR. KEIGHTLEY'S rule is only partially true, and in the part which is true +is not fully stated. The following rules, qualified by the accompanying +remarks, will I trust be found substantially correct. + +English monosyllables, formed from Greek or Latin monosyllabic roots, + +(1.) When the root ends in a single consonant preceded by a vowel, require +the lengthening e. + +(2.) When the root ends in a single consonant preceded by a diphthong, or +in more than one consonant preceded by a vowel, reject the e. + +1. Examples from the Greek:--[Greek: schêm-a], _scheme_; [Greek: lur-a] +(lyr-a), _lyre_; [Greek: zôn-ê] (zon-a), _zon-e_; [Greek: bas-is], _base_; +[Greek: phras-is], _phras-e_; [Greek: trop-os], _trop-e_. From Latin, +ros-a, _ros-e_; fin-is, _fin-e_; fum-us, _fum-e_; pur-us, _pur-e_; grad-us, +_grad-e_. Compare, in verbs, ced-o, _ced-e_. + +_Remarks._--This rule admits of a modification; _e.g._ we form from [Greek: +zêl-os] _zeal_ (the sound hardly perceptibly differing from _zel-e_); from +[Greek: hôr-a] (hor-a), _hour_; from flos (flor-is), _flower_ and _flour_ +(the long sound communicated to the vowel in the other words by the added +_e_, being in these already contained in the diphthong). Add ven-a, _vein_; +van-us, _vain_; sol-um, _soil_, &c.; and compare _-ceed_ in _proceed_, +_succeed_, formed from compounds of ced-o. Some, but not all, of these +words have come to us through the French. + +2. Examples from the Greek:--[Greek: rheum-a], _rheum_; [Greek: chasm-a], +_chasm_; [Greek: murr-a], _myrrh_; [Greek: glôss-a], _gloss_; [Greek: +numph-ê] (nymph-a), _nymph_; [Greek: disk-os], (disc-us), _disk_; [Greek: +plinth-os], _plinth_; [Greek: psalm-os], _psalm_. From Latin, fraus +(fraud-is), _fraud_; laus (laud-is), _laud_; plant-a, _plant_; orb-is, +_orb_; plumb-um, _plumb_; long-us, _long_, flux-us, _flux_; port-us, +_port_. Compare, in verbs, damn-o, _damn_; err-o, _err_; add-o, _add_; +vex-o, _vex_. + +_Remarks._--From roots ending in the same consonant doubled, our derived +words ordinarily drop one of them; _e.g._ [Greek: stemm-a], _stem_; gemm-a, +_gem_; summ-a, _sum_; penn-a, _pen_; carr-us, _car_. (Note this tendency of +our language, by comparing our _man_ with the German _mann_.) + +If the root ends in _s_ or _v_ preceded by a diphthong, or in a consonant ++_s_[5] or +_v_ preceded by a vowel, our derived words add _e_, _as_ +[Greek: paus-is] (paus-a), _paus-e_; caus-a, _cause-e_; næv-a, _nav-e_; +puls-us, _puls-e_; dens-us, _dens-e_; [Greek: haps-is], _aps-e_; laps-us, +_laps-e_; vers-us, _vers-e_; valv-a, _valv-e_; nerv-us, _nerv-e_.[6] The +cause of this lies in the genius of our language, which totally rejects the +ending _v_, and uses _s_ (single) very sparingly in the singular number, +except in the ending _ous_, the genitive case, the third person of the +present tense, the obsolete _wis_, and _was_. Other words are, the +interjection _alas_; pronouns or pronominal particles; proper names, as +_Thomas_, _Chaos_; compounds, as _Lammas_, _Christmas_; _plural_ adverbs, +as _towards_, _thereabouts_; and the (perhaps) _plural_--it ought to be +so--_alms_.[7] + +From roots ending in a mute +_a_ liquid, our derived words also end in _e_, +and are then in fact dissyllables; _e.g._ [Greek: bibl-os], _bible_; +[Greek: kukl-os], _cycl-e_; [Greek: mitr-a], _mitr-e_; [Greek: nitr-on], +_nitr-e_; [Greek: petr-os], _petr-e_. In this class of words the final +letters (after the analogy of Latin) have sometimes become transposed; +_e.g._ [Greek: lepr-os], _lep-er_. So now-a-days, _cent-er_ as well as +_centr-e_. Compare _metr-e_, _diamet-er_. + +To apply our rules to the words required to be formed in an English shape +from [Greek: muth-os]. + +Very few words in our language end in _th_ which are not of purely native +growth. _Frith_ is questionable exception. Besides the monosyllable +_plinth_, we have imported from the Greek _colocynth_, _hyacinth_, +_labyrinth_, with the proper names _Corinth_, _Erymanth_, all terminating +in _nth_. + +In the ending _the_ our language does not rejoice. Most of such words are +verbs, so distinguished from their cognate substantives, as _wreathe_ from +_wreath_. We have, as substantives, _lathe_ (A.-S. [Saxon: leð]), _hythe_ +([Saxon: hyð]), _scythe_ (more properly _sithe_, [Saxon: siðe]), _tythe_ +([Saxon: tyðe]); as adjectives, _blithe_ ([Saxon: bliðe]), _lithe_ ([Saxon: +lið]). There may be one or two more. + +In all these the sounds is [Saxon: ð] (_th_ in _this_) not [Saxon: þ] (_th_ +in _thick_). This appears worth notice. + +On the whole, I should venture to say that so uncouth a slip as _mythe_, +when set in our soil, was unlikely to thrive. Still _m[)y]th_ is +objectionable, though we at Cambridge might quote _g[)y]p_ However I may +seem to be a breaker of my own laws, I suggest, if we must have an English +form of the word, that we should write and pronounce _m[=y]th_. Several +words ending in _th_ have the preceding vowel lengthened, _e.g._ _both_, +_sloth_, _ruth_, _truth_ (though with the inconsistency attributed to us, +one, by the way, generally of orthography rather than pronunciation, we +shorten the diphthong in _breath_, _death_). Compare also the sound of the +endings _ild_ and _ind_. + +I have already troubled you with a very long Note; but, before I close, +allow me to add that in what I have advanced I have had in view only our +modern mode of spelling, without binding {576} myself to an opinion of its +inferiority or superiority to that of our forefathers. I beg also to +protest against MR. KEIGHTLEY'S wish to banish _mythical_ from our +vocabulary. It may be _hybrid_, but equally so are _critical_, +_grammatical_, _musical_, _physical_, _poetical_, with a long string of et +ceteras. + +CHARLES THIRIOLD. + +[Footnote 5: Except _x_ (=_cs_). Compare _flax_, _wax_, _ox_.] + +[Footnote 6: From serv-us (after the French) we form _serf_.] + +[Footnote 7: _Rebus_, _overplus_, and _surplus_ may, if not satisfied, take +an _omnibus_, bring their action at the _Nisi Prius_, and meet there with a +_nonplus_.] + + * * * * * + + +"INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE UNION, BY THE WEDNESDAY CLUB IN FRIDAY +STREET." + +(Vol. vii., pp. 261. 409.) + +This very able and valuable work, as to which your correspondent inquires, +was written by Wm. Paterson, the projector of the Bank of England and the +Darien scheme; a great and memorable name, but which, to the discredit of +British biography, will be sought for in vain in Chalmers's or our other +biographical dictionaries. The book above noticed appears to be a +continuation of another tract by the same author, entitled _An Inquiry into +the Reasonableness and Consequences of an Union with Scotland, containing a +brief Deduction of what hath been done, designed, or proposed in the Matter +of the Union during the last Age, a Scheme of an Union as accommodated to +the present Circumstances of the two Nations, also States of the respective +Revenues, Debts, Weights, Measures, Taxes, and Impositions, and of other +Facts of moment: with Observations thereupon, as communicated to Laurence +Philips, Esq., near York_: London, printed and sold by R. Bragg, 1706, +8vo., 160 pages. This was preceded by an earlier tract by the same author: +_Conferences on the Public Debts, by the Wednesday's Club in Friday +Street_: London, 1695, 4to. The last is noticed, with a short account of +the author, by Mr. M^cCulloch (_Lib. of Political Economy_, p. 159.), but +he has not mentioned the two other works previously adverted to. In all of +them the author adopts the form of a report of the proceedings of a club; +but, without attempting to deny the actual existence of a Wednesday's club +in Friday Street (the designation he assumes for it), nothing can be more +clear to any one who reads the three tracts than that the conversations, +proceedings, and personages mentioned are all the creatures of his own +fertile invention, and made use of, more conveniently to bring out his +facts, arguments, and statements. The dramatic form he gives them makes +even the dry details of finance amusing; and abounding, as they do, in +information and thought, these works may always be consulted with profit +and pleasure. The _Inquiry into the State of the Union_, 1717, 8vo., for +which Walpole is said to have furnished some of the materials, was +answered, but rather feebly, in an anonymous pamphlet entitled _Wednesday +Club Law; or the Injustice, Dishonour, and Ill Policy of breaking into +Parliamentary Contracts for public Debts_: London, printed for E. Smith, +1717, 8vo., pp. 38. The author of this pamphlet appears to have been a Mr. +Broome. Those who would wish see one of the financial questions discussed +in the _Inquiry_ treated with equal force and ability, and with similar +views, by a great cotemporary of Paterson, whose pamphlet came out +simultaneously, may read _Fair Payment no Spunge; or some Considerations on +the Unreasonableness of refusing to receive back Money lent on public +Securities, and the Necessity of setting the Nation free from the +unsupportable Burthen of Debt and Taxes, with a View of the great Advantage +and Benefit which will arise to Trade and to the Landed Interest, as well +as to the Poor, by having these heavy Grievances taken off_: London, +printed and sold by Brotherton: Meadows and Roberts, 1717, 8vo., pp. 79. +This is one of the pamphlets which, though it has been sometimes +erroneously assigned to Paterson, both on external and internal evidence +may be confidently attributed to Defoe, but which has unaccountably escaped +the notice of all his biographers. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +UNPUBLISHED EPIGRAM BY SIR W. SCOTT (?). + +(Vol. vii., p. 498.) + +The lines which your correspondent R. VINCENT attributes to Sir Walter +Scott are part of an old English inscription which Longfellow quotes in +_Outremer_, p. 66., and thus describes in a note: + + "I subjoin this relic of old English verse entire.... It is copied from + a book whose title I have forgotten, and of which I have but a single + leaf, containing the poem. In describing the antiquities of the church + of Stratford-upon-Avon, the writer gives the following account of a + very old painting upon the wall, and of the poem which served as its + motto. The painting is no longer visible, having been effaced in + repairing the church: + + "'Against the west wall of the nave, on the south side of the arch, was + painted the martyrdom of Thomas à Becket, while kneeling at the altar + of St. Benedict, in Canterbury Cathedral. Below this was the figure of + an angel, probably St. Michael, supporting a long scroll, upon which + were seven stanzas in old English, being an allegory of mortality.'" + +The lines given at p. 498. of "N. & Q." seem to be taken from the two +following stanzas, which stand third and fourth in the old inscription: + + "_Erth apon erth wynnys castellys and towrys,_ + _Then seth erth unto erth thys ys all owrys._ + When erth apon erth hath bylde hys bowrys, + Then schall erth for erth suffur many hard schowrys. + + "Erth goth apon erth as man apon mowld, + Lyke as erth apon erth never goo schold, + _Erth goth apon erth as gelsteryng gold,_ + _And yet schall erth unto erth rather than he wold._" + +{577} + +Dugdale, in his _Antiquities of Warwickshire_, p. 517., tells us that John +de Stratford, who was Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of Edward III., +built a chapel on the south side of the church, "to the honour of God and +of St. Thomas the Martyr;" and as at p. 521. he describes it as "in the +south ile of the said church," the west wall of this chapel answers very +well the description of the position of the painting, and inscription. But +in _The Beauties of England and Wales_, vol. xv. p. 238., _the chapel of +the gild of the Holy Cross_, in the centre of the town, is mentioned as the +place in which the pictures were discovered, during some repairs which it +underwent in the year 1804. + +I have since ascertained that the work to which Longfellow refers is +Weaver's _Account of Stratford-upon-Avon_. + +ERICA. + +As a companion to the _unpublished_ epigram in No. 186. of "N. & Q.," I beg +to hand you the following epitaph, copied by myself about thirty years +since, and referring, as I _believe_, to an old brass in the church of St. +Helen's, London: + + "Here lyeth y^e bodyes of + James Pomley, y^e sonne of ould + Dominick Pomley and Jane his + Wyfe: y^e said James deceased y^e 7^{th} + day of Januarie Anno Domini 1592 + he beyng of y^e age of 88 years, and + y^e sayd Jane deceased y^e ---- day + of ---- D----. + + Earth goeth up[=o] earth as moulde up[=o] moulde; + Earth goeth up[=o] earth all glittering as golde, + As though earth to y^e earth never turne shoulde; + And yet shall earth to y^e earth sooner than he woulde." + +WILLIAM WILLIAMS. + + * * * * * + + +CHURCH CATECHISM. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 190. 463.) + +In accordance with the request of Z. E. R., I have pleasure in forwarding +the extracts from the _Catechismus brevis et Catholicus_, referred to at +pp. 190. 463. of the present volume. It is needful to premise, 1. That the +pages of the catechism are not numbered. This will account for the absence +of precise references. 2. That only so much is quoted as may exhibit the +parallelism; and, 3. That the citations are not consecutive in the +original, but arranged in the order of the questions and answers of the +_Church Catechism_, beginning with the fourteenth question, "How many +sacraments hath Christ ordained in His Church?" + +Q. 14. How many, &c. + + "Quot sunt Ecclesiæ Catholicæ Sacramenta? + + Septem sunt in universum," &c. + + "Quis instituit Baptismum? + + Ipse Servator ac Dominus noster Jesus Christus." + + [_Similarly of the Eucharist._] + +Q. 15. What meanest thou, &c. + + "Ecquur hæc ipsa--et dicantur et sint Sacramenta? + + Sacramenta sunt et dicuntur quia sacra atque efficacia sunt signa + divinæ erga nos voluntatis." + +Q. 16. How many parts, &c. + + "Habetque unumquodque horum (quod sacramentis peculiare est verbum) + Elementum, et Gratiam invisibilem. Quod verbum nos docet, et promittit + nobis, hoc Elementum seu visibile signum similitudine quâdam + demonstrat, hoc idem Gratia quoque (nisi tamen obicem objiciat homo) in + anima invisibiliter operatur. + + Da paucis singulorum Sacramentorum signa et invisibilem gratiam?" + +Q. 17. What is the outward, &c. + + "In Baptismo signum externum Aqua est." + +Q. 18. What is the inward, &c. + + "Quid efficit seu prodest Baptismus? + + "Res seu gratia est renovatio et sanctificatio animæ, ablutio omnium + peccatorum, adoptio baptizati in filium Dei. + + 'Baptizatus sum in Nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti.' + + "Tinctione illa aquæ, operationeque Spiritus Sancti, eripitur + baptizatus à regno et tyrannide diaboli, donatur remissione peccatorum + ac innocentia, addicitur perpetuò uni veroque Deo Patri et Filio et + Spiritui Sancto, hujus denique filius atque hæres instituitur." + +Q. 19. What is required, &c. + + "Requiritur in eo (adulto), et verus fidei usus, et vita professione + Christiana, Baptismique voto digna: hoc est ut corde credat, et ore + fidem confiteatur, utque peccatis mortificatis in vitæ ambulet + novitate. + + Proba sacræ Scripturæ testimoniis, quod Fides in Baptizato requiratur." + +Q. 20. Why then are infants, &c. + + "Sed quomodo infantes possunt credere, ut qui nondum usum habeant + rationis? + + His fides Ecclesiæ et susceptorum suffragatur, donec idonei fiant suo + illam assensu percipere, adhæc et fidei gratiam in Baptismo ii + consequuntur." + +Q. 21. Why was the Sacrament, &c. + + "Quur vero sacram Eucharistiam Christus instituit? + + ... Ut suæ passionis ac mortis recordemur, eamque annuntiemus + perpetuò." + +Q. 22. What is the outward, &c. + +Q. 23. What is the inward, &c. + + "Da paucis ... signa et invisibilem gratiam. + + In Eucharistia, Elementum est panis ac vini species: res autem, verum + corpus, et verus Christi sanguis est, fructusque dignam sumptionem + sequentes." + +{578} + +Q. 24. What are the benefits, &c. + + "Jam recense paucis quinam fructus dignam Eucharistæ sumptionem + sequantur? + + Principio quidem virtute escæ hujus confirmamur in fide, munimur + adversus peccata, ad bonorum operum studium excitamur, et ad charitatem + inflammamur. Hinc vero per eam incorporamur adjungimurque capiti nostro + Christo, ut unum cum ipso constituamus corpus," &c. + +Q. 25. What is required, &c. + + "Quonam pacto dignè sumitur Eucharistia? + + Digna sumptio, omnium primum requirit, ut homo peccata sua agnoscat ex + animo ob ea verè doleat--ac firmum etiam animo concipiat amplius non + peccandi propositum. Deinde exigit etiam digna sumptio, ut + communicaturus simultatem omnem odiumque animo eximat: reconcilietur + læso, et charitatis contra viscera induat. Postremo vero et fides cum + primis in sumente requiritur ... ut credat corpus Christi pro se esse + traditum mortem, et sanguinem ejus in remissionem peccatorum suorum + vere effusum," &c. + +I fear the unavoidable length of the previous extracts will be against the +insertion of the full title of the book, and one remark. The title is,-- + + "Catechismus brevis et Catholicus in gratiam Juventutis conscriptus, + Autore Iacobo Schoeppero, Ecclesiasta Tremoniano. Cui accessit Pium + diurnarum precum Enchiridion, ex quo pueri toto die cum Deo colloqui + discant. Antverpiæ, apud Ioan. Bellerum ad insigne Falconis, 1555." + +My remark is, that some of the coincidences above enumerated are at least +singular, though they do not perhaps _prove_ that the compiler of the +_Church Catechism_, in the places referred to, had them before him. + +B. H. C. + + * * * * * + + +JACOB BOBART, ETC. + +(Vol. vii., p. 428.) + +Of old Jacob Bobart, who originally came from Brunswick, Granger (_Biog. +Hist._, vol. v. p. 287., edit. 1824) gives us the following account: + + "Jacob Bobart, a German, whom Plot styles 'an excellent gardener and + botanist,' was, by the Earl of Danby, founder of the physic-garden at + Oxford, appointed the first keeper of it. He was author of _Catalogus + Plantarum Horti Medici Oxoniensis, scil. Latino-Anglicus et + Anglico-Latinus_: Oxon. 1648, 8vo. One singularity I have heard of him + from a gentleman of unquestionable veracity, that on rejoicing days he + used to have his beard tagged with silver. The same gentleman informed + me, that there is a portrait of him in the possession of one of the + corporation at Woodstock. He died the 4th of February, 1679, in the + eighty-first year of his age. He had two sons, Tillemant and Jacob, who + both belonged to the physic-garden. It appears that the latter + succeeded him in his office." + +There is a very fine print of the elder Bobart, now extremely scarce, "D. +Loggan del., M. Burghers, sculp." It is a quarto of the largest size. +Beneath the head, which is dated 1675, is this distich: + + "Thou German prince of plants, each year to thee + Thousands of subjects grant a subsidy." + +In John Evelyn's _Diary_, under the date Oct. 24, 1664, is the following +entry: + + "Next to Wadham, and the physic garden, where were two large + locust-trees, and as many platani (plane-trees), and some rare plants + under the culture of old Bobart." + +The editor of the last edition, after repeating part of Granger's note, and +mentioning the portrait, adds: + + "There is a small whole-length in the frontispiece of _Vertumnus_, a + poem on that garden. In this he is dressed in a long vest, with a + beard. One of his family was bred up at college in Oxford; but quitted + his studies for the profession of the whip, driving one of the Oxford + coaches (his own property) for many years with great credit. In 1813 he + broke his leg by an accident; and in 1814, from the respect he had + acquired by his good conduct, he was appointed by the University to the + place of one of the Esquire Beadles." + +_Vertumnus_, the poem mentioned in the above note, was addressed to Mr. +Jacob Bobart, in 1713, by Dr. Evans. It is a laudatory epistle on the +botanical knowledge of the Bobarts; and we learn from it that Jacob, the +younger, collected a _Hortus Siccus_ (a collection of plants pasted upon +paper, and kept dry in a book) in twenty volumes. + + "Thy _Hortus Siccus_ ... + In tomes twice ten, that world immense! + By thee compiled at vast expense." + +The broadsides about which H. T. BOBART inquires are of the greatest +possible rarity. They were the production of Edmund Gayton, the author of +_Festivious Notes on Don Quixote_, &c. Copies may be seen in the Ashmolean +Library, under the press-marks Nos. 423. and 438., but I think not in any +other repository of a like nature. + +Among the Ashmolean MSS. (No. 36, art. 296.) is a poem of 110 lines "Upon +the most hopeful and ever-flourishing Sprouts of Valour, the indefatigable +Centrys of the Physick-Garden." This, I apprehend, is a MS. copy of the +first broadside mentioned by your correspondent. + +I shall merely add, the Bobarts, father and son, were personal friends of +Ashmole and Ray, and that, in all probability, among their correspondence +much curious and minute information might be obtained. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +"ITS." + +(Vol. vii., p. 510.) + +I was somewhat surprised to find, in No. 186. of "N. & Q.," two instances +quoted of the use of the {579} word "its" in the version of the Bible. It +has long been an established opinion that this word did not exist in it; +and the fact has been recently referred to by two different authorities, +MR. KEIGHTLEY in "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 160., and Mr. Watts of the +British Museum, in a paper "On some philological peculiarities in the +English authorised Version of the Bible," read before the Philological +Society on December 10, 1852. + +Feeling curious on the subject, I have taken the trouble of referring to +several different versions of the Bible in the British Museum, and the +following _variorum_ readings of the verses quoted by your correspondent +B. H. C. are the result: + +1. The Wickliffite version, before 1390 (edit. Forshall and Wadden): + + "And he shal ben as a tree, that is plauntid beside the doun rennyngis + of watris; that _his_ frut shal [gh]ive in _his_ time."--Ps. i. 3. + + "Duke of the weie thou were in _his_ (_sc._ the vine) si[gh]t; and thou + plauntidist _his_ rootis, and it fulfilde the erthe."--Ps. lxxx. 10. + +2. Coverdale's Bible, 1536: + + "Y^t br[=i]geth forth _his_ frute in due season." + + "Thou maydest rowme for it, and caused it to take rote, so y^t it + fylled the l[=o]de." + +3. Matthews, 1537: + + "That bryngeth forth _his_ frute in due season." + + "Thou madest rowme for it, and caused it to take rote, so that it + fylled the lande." + +4. Cranmer, 1539: + + "Y^t wyll brynge forth _hys_ frute in due season." + + "Thou madest rowme for it, and whan it had taken rote it fylled y^e + lande." + +5. The Bishops' Bible, 1568: + + "That bryngeth foorth _her_ fruite in due season." + + "Thou madst roome before it, thou causedst it to take roote, and it + hath filled the lande." + +6. Geneva Bible, 1578. In this there are two translations, one "according +to the Ebrewe," the other "used in the Common Prayer": + + i. "That wil bring forth _her_ fruite in due season." + + ii. "That will bring forth _his_ fruite in due season." + + i. "Thou madest roome for it, and when it had taken roote, it filled + the lande." + + ii. "Thou madest roume for it, and didest cause it to take roote, and + it filled the land." + +7. The Douay Bible (Roman Catholic version), 1609-10: + + "Which shal geue _his_ fruite in _his_ time." + + "Thou wast the guide of the way in the sight _thereof_; thou didst + plant the rootes _thereof_, and it filled the earth." + +8. Authorised version, 1611: + + "That bringeth forth _his_ fruit in _his_ season." + + "Thou preparedst roome before it, and didst cause it to take deepe + roote, and it filled the land." + +It will thus be perceived that "its" is wanting in all the above passages, +and that "his," "her," and "thereof" invariably supply its place. I have +been equally unsuccessful in detecting the word in the Common Prayer-Book +version of the Psalms, which is well known to be that of the "Great Bible," +or Cranmer's edition of 1539, and which has remained in use without +alteration ever since. May I therefore ask B. H. C. to be so good as to +point out the particular "Old version of the Psalms" from which he has +derived his quotation? + +W. B. RYE. + + * * * * * + + +BOHN'S EDITION OF HOVEDEN. + +(Vol. vii., p. 495.) + +In reply to your correspondent's remarks (May 21) on my translation of +Hoveden, I beg to state that, in suggesting Cork, I did not allude to the +city of Cork, but the _territory_ of Desmond or Cork, which probably +extended to within a short distance of Waterford. Hoveden more than once, +in his foreign geography, confounds places with territories or kingdoms; +this fact, and the similarity of the names, _Croch_ and _Corch_, as the +kingdom of Cork is elsewhere called by him, led me to believe that a +landing in the territory of Cork was meant. "Crook," "Hook Point," or "The +Crook," is only _supposed_ to have been the place of landing on this +occasion. I confess that I was not aware that "Erupolis" was an alias of +the diocese of Ossory: I cannot find it mentioned as such in the +dictionaries at my command. My Note, however, was worded in such a way as +to give offence to no reasonable person: and, among the many hundreds, +perhaps thousands of suggestions, made in the notes (in a proper spirit, I +hope,) I should be greatly surprised to find that I had miscarried in none. +For your correspondent's information, I beg to state, that I am not an +Irishman either by birth or descent; and that I have never had the good +fortune to pay a visit to that country. Were I inclined to follow his +example in making remarks upon the "ominousness" of names, I might perhaps +retaliate upon him with interest. + +Why I have forfeited all claim to be treated by this gentleman with +courtesy or common politeness, I am quite at a loss to conceive; but I beg +to remind him that vituperation does not carry conviction, and that +criticism is enfeebled by an alliance with abuse. + +HENRY T. RILEY. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS OF EMBLEMS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 469.) + +In your 185th Number, two or three Queries are proposed by the REV. MR. +CORSER in {580} connexion with that interesting branch of literature called +_Books of Emblems_. To these it shall be my endeavour to reply. + +First. Some years ago I made particular inquiry from the surviving +relatives of the late Rev. William Beloe, whether among his manuscripts +there had been found any "Treatise on Emblems," or any notices which had a +bearing on the subject? They informed me that they had made search, but +without success. + +Second. Of Thomas Combe, mentioned by Meres in his _Palladis Tamia_, I have +been unable to learn anything. + +Third. It appears certain that Bunyan never published any _Book of +Emblems_, whatever may have been hawked under his name; nor can I find, in +the Account of his Life and Writings just published in Glasgow, Edinburgh, +and London, or in any preceding edition of his works, that such a +production was ever contemplated by him. + +Fourth. In the extensive and valuable "English Books of Emblems" furnished +(chiefly from his own library) by MR. CORSER, he mentions R. Burton's +_Choice Emblems, Divine and Moral; or Delights for the Ingenious, &c._, +12mo. 1721. Perhaps my learned and accomplished friend may not be aware +that _Burton_ is an _assumed_ name, placed in the title-pages of several +cheap books which appeared at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning +of the eighteenth centuries, but which were thought to have been written by +a Mr. Nathaniel Crouch, a bookseller, who sold them. I have a sixth edition +of these "choice emblems," dated 1732, which was then sold for "two +shillings bound." The work is merely a collection of fifty emblems, taken, +without acknowledgment, from George Wither, the copper-plate engravings +being poor copies from those of Depasse. To this sixth edition there is +prefixed a portrait of K. Charles I., with eight pages of sympathising +verses. + +MR. CORSER'S list of English works is very complete. I possess, however, an +unpublished manuscript translation of Alciato into English verse. It is of +the time of James I., and possesses much merit; but it has unfortunately +been mutilated. + +I also possess the following: + + "Amorum Emblemata figuris æneis incisa studio Othonis Væni, + Batavo-Lugdunensis. Emblemes of Love, with verses in Latin, English, + and Italian, obl. 4to.: Antverpiæ, 1608." + +Prefixed is an English dedication "to the most Honourable and Worthy +Brothers William, Earl of Pembroke, and Philip, Earl of Montgomerie, +Patrons of Learning and Chevalrie," whose coat of arms also is given. + + "The Doctrine of Morality, or a View of Human Life according to the + Stoic Philosophy, &c. A translation, by T. M. Gibbs, from the French of + M. De Gomberville, with 103 copper plates by Daret, folio: London, + 1721." + +To each engraving are appended quotations from Horace, &c., with English +translations: but both engravings and quotations have been pirated (without +the least acknowledgment) from Van Veen's _Horatia Emblemata_. + +It must be admitted that a comprehensive work on European Books of Emblems, +illustrated with fac-similes of the various engravings, &c., is a great +desideratum in modern literature. I feel highly flattered by the kind +commendations which MR. CORSER has bestowed upon my two small attempts +towards such a work, and by his encouraging me to proceed "to enlarge and +complete" the same. Now, I do not altogether despair of _enlarging_ it. But +when my excellent friend puts forward a proposal to _complete_ it, he +should be informed that my library alone contains nearly 250 volumes +strictly emblematical, and published during the sixteenth and seventeenth +centuries. By far the greater part of these are in Latin. To carry forward +a work of such magnitude to anything like _completion_ must therefore be +rather wished for than expected. + +JOS. B. YATES. + +West Dingle, near Liverpool. + +Allow me to add the following to MR. CORSER'S list: + + "The Christian's Divine Amusement, consisting of Emblems and + Hieroglyphicks on a great Variety of Subjects, Moral and Divine, in + four books. By the late Rev. Mr. J. Jones. Embellished with near 100 + beautiful emblematical cuts, 12mo. pp. 191.: London, 1764." + +I know not who the Rev. Mr. J. was, but his book is the old one of Francis +Quarles. The author, or rather adapter, attacks and demolishes the fable as +a method of instruction, and would substitute the emblems. In remodelling +Quarles, Mr. Jones makes the following alterations, or +improvements:--Instead of the Latin motto under each cut, he presents us +with four lines of English verse, which contain a general explanation of +the emblem. The page facing the cut he divides into two parts or sections +of odes and hymns suited to common psalmody, and the moral, or application, +also in a poetical dress. + +A prose work belonging to the class under notice is an + + "Emblematical Representation of the Paradise of God; showing the Nature + of Spiritual Industry, in the similitude of a Garden well ordered, + dressed, and kept. London, 1779." + +The author of this was a visionary Scots gardener named Alexander Clark, +who had been favoured with a special manifestation of divine glory, "by +which," he says, "(to my own astonishment) I was enabled to see through +every profound passage of Scripture, and to spiritualise every material +thing;" but he belongs to my fanatical rather {581} than to my emblematical +shelf, and may be worth a separate Note hereafter. + +Under the name of Farlie, or Fairlie, MR. CORSER mixes up the titles of two +distinct books; they are now before me, and divide themselves thus: + + 1. "Lychnocavsia, sive Moralia Facvm Emblemata. Light's Moral Emblems. + Authore Roberto Farlæo, Scoto-Britanno. 12mo.: London, Th. Cotes for M. + Sparke, 1638." + +Containing fifty-eight emblems in Latin and English, each with a cut, with +a dedication in Latin to the Earl of Ancrum, and one in English to his +Countess. There are also complimentary verses by J. Hooper, Christ. +Drayton, Mr. Povey, Thos. Beedome, and Edm. Coleman. + + 2. "Kalendarium Humanæ Vitæ. The Kalendar of Man's Life. Authore R. F., + S.-B. 12mo. London, for W. Hope, 1638." + +With a Latin dedication to his patron the Earl of Ancrum. The book contains +verses upon the various stages of man's life, under the heads of Spring, +Summer, Autumn, and Winter; again subdivided into moralisations upon the +months, as corresponding with the periods of life, as "August, or Man's +Youth," &c. This has also a variety of curious cuts, and both have engraved +emblematical titles, the latter bearing on its face "G. Glover fecit." + +When book-rarities were in more request, these were costly little volumes; +and I shall be glad if any of your correspondents can direct me where to +find any notice of Robert Fairlie, the author of two of the most +interesting of the emblematical series. + +J. O. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + + [The following paper, which has been kindly communicated to us by MR. + POLLOCK at the request of DR. DIAMOND, describes a process which + deserves the especial attention of our photographic friends, for the + beauty and uniformity of its results.] + +MR. POLLOCK'S DIRECTIONS FOR OBTAINING POSITIVE PHOTOGRAPHS UPON +ALBUMENISED PAPER. + +_The paper_ should be carefully chosen, by holding up every sheet to the +light, and only those sheets which are homogeneous in appearance and free +from spots should be kept for use. + +_The albumen_ should be obtained from new-laid hens' eggs; twenty-four is a +convenient number to use at a time: these will yield twenty-four ounces of +albumen, to which should be added six ounces of distilled writer (making +thirty ounces in all) and four per cent. of chloride of ammonium, viz. one +ounce and a quarter. + +The albumen water and chloride should be whipped with a silver fork for +several minutes, and then put into a narrow tall jar, and allowed to stand +for not less than two days (forty-eight hours). In cool weather it will +keep well for eight days, at the end of which time the upper half of the +albumen is to be poured off into a shallow vessel, rather larger than the +sheets of paper intended to be albumenised. + +_To put the Albumen on the Paper._--Take a sheet by two opposite corners; +turn one up; place the sheet boldly on the albumen, the centre first coming +in contact with the albumen; lower the corners of the paper, gradually +carefully excluding, the air. Let the sheet so placed remain four minutes: +then take it by the turned up corner, and rip it from the albumen quickly, +so as to carry up a quantity of the albumen with it. Let it drain for a +minute or two, moving it so as not to allow the albumen to run in streaks; +pin it to a piece of tape; and, when dry, pass a very hot iron over the +back. This ends the albumenising process. + +_To make the Paper sensitive._--Place the albumenised side downwards, for +four minutes, on the surface of a solution of nitrate of silver, of the +strength of ninety grains to the ounce of distilled water; pin it up by one +corner to dry, and keep it between pieces of blotting-paper. This must be +done by yellow light, or the light of a candle. + +_To print from the Negative._--The simplest apparatus to have is a number +of pieces of plate-glass a quarter of an inch thick, colourless, about +twelve inches by ten in size. + +The sensitive paper is to be placed on one of the plates of glass, +sensitive side upwards, and the negative is to be placed firmly upon it, +collodion side downwards; and a second glass plate is then to be placed on +the negative, and the whole arrangement exposed to the light. The time for +exposure is from three minutes to an hour. With a little practice the +negative can be lifted up, and the positive viewed front time to time, +without any risk of displacement. + +The best rule is to print the lightest shade on the positive very decidedly +darker than it would be wished that it should remain permanently. + +_To fix the Positive._--On removing it from the pressure frame, place it in +a bath made as follows: + + Water 6 oz. + Hyposulphite of soda 1 oz. + Nitrate of silver solution, 50 grs. to oz. 15 minims. + Iodide of silver, dissolved in a saturated + solution of hypo. 10 minims. + Chloride of gold 2 grains. + Chloride of silver (blackened by light) 5 grains. + Acetic acid 2 drops. + +Mix these: let them stand some hours; and filter before use. If the +chloride of silver is omitted, the bath will do very well, but will very +much improve with age, as it will acquire chloride of silver from the +positives placed in it. {582} + +The time to leave the positive in the fixing bath varies from one hour to +twelve. To get good black and white tints, the average time is five or six +hours. When the desired tint is obtained, remove it into a bath composed of + + Water 6 oz. + Hypo. 1 oz. + +Leave in this for half an hour, and then keep it in running water for +several hours. If the water is hot, the time of soaking may be lessened: +boiling water is objectionable. Nearly dry the positive between sheets of +clean blotting-paper, and finish it by passing a very hot iron over it. + +_General Remarks._--The albumenised paper will keep any length of time in a +dry place. + +When made sensitive, as directed, it will keep three days, always supposing +that it is both prepared and kept most carefully excluded from white light. +If, instead of a solution of nitrate of silver of ninety grains to the +ounce, a weaker one be used, to make the paper sensitive, it will keep when +sensitive a much longer time,--with a thirty-grain solution, a fortnight, +or sometimes even a month; but then it does not give a positive of the same +force and tone as that obtained with the stronger solution. + +After the fixing bath has done its day's work, it should be poured back +into the bottle from which it came, and the bottle be filled up from the +finishing bath; and so the bath is kept always of the same quantity; and by +adding from time to time chloride of gold, it is kept of the same quality. + +The nitrate of silver and chloride of silver will never have to be renewed. +The iodide of silver should be added as at first, viz. ten drops for about +every two hundred positives fixed; and the acetic acid, viz. two drops for +about every four hundred. + +In a bath of twenty-four ounces, as many as thirty positives, five inches +by four, may be placed at one time: but the dark tints will then appear +very slowly and gradually. + +To insure a good positive, next to having a good negative, it is most +important to print of the right depth, neither too much nor too little. +Great attention should be paid to this: for the finest tints are only to be +obtained in positives exposed exactly the right time. + +Positives printed in a bright sun quickly are always better than those +obtained by longer exposure without sun. + +H. P. + +21. Maddox Street, Regent Street. + +_Test for Lenses._--In applying the methods recommended in your last Number +for the purpose of testing lenses, there is one precaution absolutely +necessary to be taken, but which all your correspondents have omitted to +point out. The operator must take care that his _focussing-glass_ is placed +at precisely the same distance from the lens as the _collodionised_ glass +is. To insure this, my practice is to place a piece of ground glass in the +dark frame, which is afterwards to receive the collodionised glass, and to +obtain the focus of the lens on that; then to put in the proposed plate, +and obtain an impression as described by MR. SHADBOLT. In this way I secure +myself from what I believe is often a source of fallacy in these +experiments, and am sure that I give the lens a fair trial. + +E. S. + +_Washing Collodion Pictures._--I have never offered to your readers an +opinion in photography without having _bonâ fide_ tested it, to the best of +my ability; and however correct my friend MR. SHADBOLT may be, chemically +and theoretically, I am convinced that in practice so good a tone is never +obtained in a positive collodion picture which has been washed, as in one +which has been instantly fixed with the old saturated solution of +hyposulphite of soda. The unpleasant tints obtained upon positive collodion +pictures, I believe to be much dependent upon the frequent washings in the +proofs. When a collodion picture is properly treated, it surpasses in +pleasing effect every other photograph. + +H. W. DIAMOND. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Cremonas_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--A discriminative account of the violins +and basses by the great Italian makers, showing, in every ascertainable +instance, the date of manufacture, and thereby forming to some extent a +chronological catalogue, as it were, of the works of each master, would be, +indeed, a curious and interesting achievement. Such a task, involving much +consultation of books and examination of instruments, calls for sounder +eye-sight and larger opportunities than are possessed by me; but I shall +rejoice if the desire expressed by your correspondent H. C. K. shall be +found to have stirred up some competent investigator. Time and accident are +gradually attaching, to the fine instruments in question, a kind of +_sibylline_ intensity of value; and the inquiry, if omitted now, may become +impossible hereafter. Let us not fear, however, that those "cunning'st +patterns of excelling art," the Amati, Stradivari, and Guarneri fiddles, +will eventually perish without worthy issue, and "die, and leave the world +no copy." Provision to the contrary, it seems, has already been made; +Monsieur Vuillaume "has ta'en order for't," that is to say, _if_ his +instruments, which at present look very like faithful fac-similes of the +renowned classic prototypes, shall verify the confident predictions of +their admirers, by continuing to stand the test of time. + +My authority for 1664 as the date of birth of Antonio Stradivari, is a +living Belgian writer, Monsieur Fétis, who has not stated from whence {583} +he has adopted it. I find that the Paris _Biographie Universelle_ gives no +fixed date, but only a conjectural one, _about_ 1670, so that 1664 _may_ +possibly be right. + +G. DUBOURG. + +Brighton. + +_James Chaloner_ (Vol. vii., p. 334.).--MR. HUGHES is mistaken in imagining +that James Chaloner the herald-painter was the same person as James +Chaloner, Governor of the Isle of Man, and one of the judges of Charles I. +He will find the error exposed by Chalmers (_Biog. Dict._, JAS. C.), and in +my family, as descendants of the latter James Chaloner, there are among his +papers many which prove the governor to have been (as MR. HUGHES doubts) +the son of Sir Thomas Chaloner of Gisborough. + +Should any farther doubts remain on the subject, I shall be happy to give +all information required concerning these papers, among which are the +original commission of governor and captain, signed by Lenthal, and +twenty-one letters from Lord Fairfax to his "dear cousin James Chaloner." +The son of Sir Thomas Chaloner married Ursula Fairfax. It may be presumed +the herald-painter did not stand in the same relationship to the +Parliamentary general. Lord Fairfax thanks his correspondent for a copy of +"his" _History of the Isle of Man_. + +URSULA. + +_Irish Convocation_ (Vol. vi., p. 317.; Vol. vii., p. 345.).--In vol. i. of +_Letters written by the late Jonathan Swift, D.D., Dean of St. Patrick's, +Dublin, and several of his Friends, from the Year 1703 to 1740, &c., with +Notes, by John Hawkesworth, LL.D._: London, 1766,--will be found some +account of the Irish Convocation in 1711. See Archbishop King's Letters at +pp. 110, 111. 122, 123. 132, 133. 140, 141. + +J. K. + +_St. Paul's Epistle to Seneca_ (Vol. vii., p. 500.).--It is not manifest +whether J. M. S. wishes for information simply respecting the MS. in Merton +College, or whether his inquiry really relates to the _printing_ of the +fourteen spurious epistles, eight of which are ascribed to Seneca, and six +to St. Paul. + +If your correspondent is curious about the particular MS. he mentions, +which is a very old one, and was the gift of William Reade, Bishop of +Chichester (who had been a Fellow of Merton) about the year 1370, he may +consult the _Catal. Lib. MSS. Ang. et Hib._, part. ii. p. 23., Oxon. 1697; +and should he desire to peruse the fictitious Epistles, he may easily +discover them in the _Bibliotheca Sancta_ of Sixtus Senensis, lib. ii. pp. +102-104. Francof. 1575, or in Fabricii _Cod. Apoc. Nov. Test._, ii. +892-904. Jacobus Faber Stapulensis has inserted them in the handsome volume +of his _Commentaries on the Epistles of St. Paul_. (Fol. clxxvi.-clxxix.: +Paris, 1517.) I find them also annexed to the _Epistole Francisci +Philelphi_, 4to., Hagenau, 1514. So far as I can perceive, it does not +appear that the correspondence in question was published amongst any of the +works of Seneca earlier than the year 1475; and it is commonly omitted in +later editions. (Fabr., _Bib. Lat._, i. 429.: Venet. 1728.) Vid. Raynaudi +_Erotemata_, p. 119.: Lugd. 1653.; Nicolai Antonii _Biblioth. Hisp. vetus_, +tom. i. pp. 39, 40.: Matriti, 1788. + +R. G. + +_Captain Ayloff_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--I possess a small volume (a 12mo.) +by "Captain Ayloffe," with a title-page as follows: + + "A Pocket Companion for Gentlemen and Ladies; being a true and faithful + Epitomy of the most exact and ample Histories of _England_; containing + all the material Particulars in every reign of the _English_ Monarchs, + from Egbert to her present Majesty, being 884 years. With forty-nine + Copper plates curiously engraved, being the effigies of every Monarch. + London, printed by J. Nutt, near Stationers' Hall, 1703." + +It is dedicated "To the Honourable Col. Archibald Row, Colonel of the Royal +Regiment of Scots Fuzileers," and signed "W. Ayloffe." Then follows an +introduction of six pages. + +Should the above be useful to MR. STERNBERG, I shall feel pleasure in +having made the communication by means of the useful and intelligent +publication of "N. & Q." + +GODDARD JOHNSON. + +_Plan of London_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--L. S. W. asks whether there is a +good plan of London, and answers his Query thus, _None_. I beg to differ +from him, believing that no city in the world possesses so good a plan as +that lately made under the late Commissioners of Sewers. It is true I and +my tenants have paid very dearly for it, but having examined both the +reduced plan and block plan very carefully, am compelled to admit their +accuracy. It is published in sheets at two shillings each; size, three feet +by two feet; scale of _block plan_, five feet to one mile; _reduced plan_, +one foot to one mile. On each plan accurate levels of every place is given. +An index-map, price threepence, is also published. + +A. P. + +Canonbury. + +_Syriac Scriptures_ (Vol. vii., p. 479.).--The editions of the eighteenth +and nineteenth centuries, preceding the Bible Society's edition, are,-- + + 1. Nov. Testam. Syriac. et Arabic. Romæ, typis Sacr. Cong. de prop. + Fide, 1703, fol. + + 2. Nov. D. N. Jesu Christi Test. Syriac. cum versione Latiná, currâ et + studio Joh. Leusden et Caroli Schaaf. Secunda editio à mendis purgata. + Lugduni. Bat. Typ. Jo. Mulleri. John. fil. apud Vid. et fil. Cornel. + Boutesteyn, Samuelem Luchtmans, 1717, 4to. + + 3. Biblia Sacra quadrilinguia N. T. Græci, cum versione Syriacâ, Græcâ + vulgari, Latinâ, et Germanicâ, accurante M. Christ. Reineccio, Lips. + 1713, fol. + + 4. Psalter, by John. Aug. Dathe, 1768. + + {584} 5. Sacrorum evangeliorum versio Syriaca Pholoxeniana ex codd. + MSS. Ridleianis, nunc primum edita cum interpretatione et + annotationibus Josephi White. Oxon. 1778. + + 6. Pentateuchus Syriace. Ex Polyglottis Anglicanis summa fide edidit M. + Georgius Guil. Kirsch. Gymnasii quod Hofæ est, in Principatu Baruthino + Rector. Hofæ et Lipsiæ ap. A. Fr. Boehm, 1787, 4to. + +An elaborate criticism on No. 5. (the Oxford edit.) appears in Eichhorn's +_Repertorium_, vol. vii. p. 1., by D. Gottlob Christian Storr. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +_Meaning of "Worth"_ (Vol. v., p. 509.).--As this suffix enters into the +composition of many of our English surnames, particularly in the northern +counties, MR. LOWER (and probably your readers in general) will be glad to +have the explanation of an able Anglo-Saxon scholar and antiquary, the late +lamented Mr. John Just of this town, whose merits as a philosopher and +etymologist were highly appreciated by the learned societies in this +district. It occurs in a paper read at a chapter of the Rosicrucians in +Manchester a few months since: + + "WORTH.--_Weorthe_, Anglo-Saxon, a field, &c. _Worth_ means land, + close, or farm. It does not necessarily imply any residence, although + thereon might be a hall or mansion. It likewise sometimes means nothing + more than road or public way. Hence it is connected with the names of + many places on our old roads, as Ainsworth, Edgeworth, on the Roman + military road to the north; Failsworth, Saddleworth, on the Roman + military road from Manchester to York; Unsworth, Pilsworth, on the old + road between Bury and Manchester; also Ashworth, Whitworth, + Butterworth, on old roads, and connected with old places, near + Rochdale. Whether originally land, closes, or farms, _worths_ were + acquired properties. The old expression of 'What is he worth?' in those + days meant, 'Has he land? Possesses he real property?' If he had + secured a _worth_ to himself, he was called a _worthy_ person, and in + consequence had _worship_, _i. e._ due respect shown him. A _worth_ was + the reward of the free; and perchance the fundamentals of English + freedom were primarily connected with such apparently trivial matters, + and produced such a race of _worthies_ as the proud Greeks and haughty + Romans might not be ashamed of. _Worth_ is pure Anglo-Saxon. The + Scandinavians applied it not in their intercourse with our island." + +BROCTUNA. + +Bury, Lancashire. + +_Khond Fable_ (Vol. vii., p. 452.).--This fable is clearly from Lokman, of +which the following is Hélot's translation: + + "Une moustique se posa un jour sur la corne d'un taureau, et, pensant + qu'elle pouvait être trop lourde pour lui, elle lui dit: 'Si je te suis + à charge, fais-le-moi savoir afin que je m'envole.' Le taureau lui + répondit: 'Je ne t'ai point sentie au moment où tu es descendue, je ne + saurai pas davantage quand tu t'envoleras.' Cette fable regarde celui + qui cherche à s'attribuer de l'honneur et de la gloire tandis qu'il est + faible et méprisable." + +The sense of the Bull's reply in Arabic seems to be: + + "O you, whatever you are [_Ya hadi_], I did not know when you + descended, nor shall I know when you take yourself off [_Taterin_]." + +A pointed reply, leaving the mosquito one horn of the dilemma. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +The following lines by Prior immediately occurred to my mind on perusing +J. C. R.'s interesting note. The points of resemblance between the two +fables are somewhat striking: + + "'Say, sire of insects, mighty Sol!' + A fly on the chariot pole cried out, + 'What blue-bottle alive + Did ever with such fury drive?' + + "'Tell, Beelzebub, great father, tell!' + Says t'other, perch'd upon the wheel, + 'Did ever any mortal fly + Raise such a cloud of dust as I?'" + + MORAL. + + "_My_ judgment turn'd the whole debate! + _My_ valour saved the sinking state!" + +COWGILL. + +This fable is found in the collection assigned to Babrius. It is the +eighty-fourth in the excellent edition of these fables by Mr. G. Cornewall +Lewis: Oxford, 1846. + +W. H. G. + +Winchester. + +_Collar of SS._ (Vols. iv. _and_ v., _passim_).--In the discussion on the +subject of the collar of SS., in the columns of "N. & Q.," I find no +mention of an incidental observation of Thomas Fuller, which occurs in the +notice of John Gower, the poet, in the Worthies of Yorkshire, and is +deserving of some notice: + + "Another author (Stow) unknighteth him, allowing him only a plain + esquire, though in my apprehension the collar of SSS. about his neck + speaketh him to be more. Besides (with submission to better judgments) + that collar hath rather a civil than a military relation, proper to + persons in place of judicature; which makes me guess this Gower some + judge in his old age, well consisting with his original education." + +MR. FOSS, I see, mentions (Vol. iv., p. 147.) the existence of the collar +on the poet's monument, and suggests that he might have worn it as a court +poet. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Chaucer's Knowledge of Italian_ (Vol. vii., p. 517.).--To the proofs that +Chaucer was well acquainted with Italian literature, brought forward in "N. +& Q." by J. M. B., it may seem {585} unnecessary to add any more. Yet, if +it were only for the purpose of recalling your readers' attention to the +elegant and instructive _Dissertation on the State of English Poetry before +the Sixteenth Century_, by the late Dr. Nott, of All Souls' College, will +you permit me to adduce that learned writer's authority, in opposition to +the opinion of Sir Harris Nicolas, that Chaucer was not versed in Italian +literature? Dr. Nott's Dissertation is entombed in the two quarto volumes +of his edition of the _Works of Surrey and Wyatt_ (London, 1815); and it is +much to be wished that it were reprinted in a separate and more accessible +form. + +J. M. + +Oxford. + +_Pic Nic_ (Vol. vii., p. 387.).--The following extract from an Italian +newspaper raises a considerable presumption that this word is not now +considered in Italy as an Italian one; the date is Sept. 1841. + + "Se qualche delirante vi ha dato ad intendere che i Bagni di Lucca sono + il soggiorno prediletto dell' Italiano, ci vi ha detto una solenne + bugia. + + "I Bagni di Lucca appartengono, come tant' altre cose in Italia, + esclusivamente allo straniero." + +Then follows a description of the numerous English arrivals, while the +Italian-- + + "Spera di rinvenir sulle alture di que' colli un piè di patria tutto + per lui, e ascende i sentieri ornati di bosco. Ma abbassando gli occhi + ci s' accorge che non è solo. Un' _Amatore_ a cui forse l' ignobile + itinerario della _Starke_ ha rivelate quella sublime veduta, sta + colassu scarabocchiando uno sbozzo pell' Album del suo _drawing room_. + Più lunge, povero Italiano! più lunge! Ecco la scena si cambia ... i + sentieri divengono più ardui ... in fondo, mezzo nascosto dal fitto + fogliame apparisce ... un casolare; un villano lo invita ad entrare ... + e gli parla in Inglese, in Francese, ed in Tedesco!... ci s' allontana + impazientito, e corre più lunge!... I castagni divengono rari.... Aride + roccie annunziano il vertice dell' Apennin. Ancora una breve salita, e + poi ci sarà sul più alto pinacolo del Prato Fiorite. Ma al piè del + viattolo è un inciampo! e l'occhio sconfortato scorge la livrea di un + _groom_ e da un lato una sentimentale _Lady_, che si è arrampiccata più + lassa e prosaicamente seduta sulla sua sedia portatile sta scrivendo + una lettera sopra un foglio a vignetta. L' Italiano continua ad + ascendere ... e giunte alla vetta ... all' amplissima libera vista, il + cuore dell' Italiano batte più forte ... la mente s' esalta, e i più + energici pensieri vi bollono.... Ma gli occhi ritornano svegliati dei + passi dei Cavalli, appiè del ripiane s' affaccia una numerosa comitiva + ... è un _pique nique_! Fuggi fuggi mal capitate Italiano la straniero + l' inseque anco nel nido dell aguila!" + +Here the "pique nique" is evidently the climax of all that is "straniero." + +K. E. + +_Canker or Brier Rose_ (Vol. vii, p. 500.).--I suspect that this term +refers to the beautiful mossy gall, so commonly seen on the branches of the +wild rose, which has been called the _bedeguar_ of the rose. This is the +production of a cynips; and, from its vivid tints of crimson and green, +might well pass at a short distance for a flower, brilliant, but scentless. +Hence Shakspeare's allusion: + + "The canker-blooms have full as deep a dye + As the perfumed tincture of the roses." + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + +_Cancre_ and _crabe_ in French are synonymous, meaning the same; Anglicè, +crab (_fish_). + +Now, we have crab-tree, a wild apple-tree; a canker rose, a wild rose; dog +rose, dog-violet, horse leech, horse chestnut. In all these cases the +prefix denotes inferiority of species. + +H. F. B. + +_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vii., pp. 23. 190.)--In Watson's _History of +Halifax_ (1775, 4to., p. 257.), in describing the High Sunderland, an +ancient mansion near Halifax, formerly the residence of the Sunderlands, he +notices that "over the north door is written, _Ne subeat Glis serdus_, a +mistake for _surdus_; and over a door on the south side, _Ne entret amicus +hirudo_." + +As some of your correspondents doubt as to the proper reading I have +thought it worth while to give this duplicate version. I recollect the +inscription well, having been sorely puzzled, when a schoolboy, in my +frequent walks to High Sunderland, to understand these two inscriptions. I +must not omit the inscription on the south front: + + "Omnipotens faxet, stirps Sunderlandia sedes + Incolet has placide, et tueatur jura parentum, + Lite vacans, donec fluctus formica marinos + Ebibat et totum testudo perambulet orbem!" + +The commentary of the worthy historian is edifying: + + "The writer of these, or his son, alienated this very estate, which the + then owner so earnestly wished might continue in the family for ever!" + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +On the portico of Arley Hall, the seat of the ancient family of Warburton, +and about four miles from the town of Northwich, Cheshire, the following +"free pass" to visitors appears, carved in stone: + + "This gate is free to all men, good and true; + Right welcome thou, if worthy to pass through." + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +"_Time and I_," &c. (Vol. vii., p. 181.).--Who was the author of this +adage? Lord Mahon gives it as a favourite saying of Mazarin (_History of +England_, vol. ii. p. 100., small edition). Mr. Stirling (_Cloister Life of +Charles V._, p. 151., 2nd edition) tells us that it was a favourite adage +of {586} that temporising monarch. Perhaps it was a well-known Spanish +proverb. + +CHEVERELLS. + +_Lowbell_ (Vol. vii., p. 181.).--The inclosed was taken from the +_Northampton Herald_ of the 16th April, 1853: + + "On Monday last this village was thrown into a state of great + excitement by the tidings that a married labourer, named Samuel + Peckover, had taken poison, with the intent of destroying himself. This + was found to be the case. He had swallowed a dose of mercury, such as + is commonly used for sheep, and, but for the timely arrival of Mr. + Jones, surgeon, from Brackley, who administered him a powerful + antidote, he would have expired within a short time. The circumstance + which led the misguided man to attempt this rash act was as + follows:--Although a married man, and wedded to a very respectable + woman, he had seduced a young female of the village, named Adelaide + Hirons, who was delivered of a female child on Saturday last. This + disgraceful affair, of course, had become known to the neighbours, who + expressed great indignation at his most disreputable conduct, and they + in consequence determined to put him to open shame by 'lowbelling' him + in front of his cottage in the evening, when all the old pots and + kettles in the village were put in requisition, and a continual discord + was kept up for two or three hours, by way of administering him a + wholesome punishment for his breaking the marriage vows. It is supposed + that the fear of this impending disgrace, and also remorse for his + crime, were the cause of his thus attempting to make away with himself, + and to rush unprepared and unpardoned into the presence of his Maker!" + +F. JAMES. + +_Overseers of Wills_ (Vol. vii., p. 500.).--J. K. will find what he seeks +about, overseers and supervisors of wills, in Burn's _Ecclesiastical Law_. + +F. O. MARTIN. + +_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416. 465.).--I have also to +inform you that the tower of Terrington St. Clement's Church, about five +miles from Kings Lynn, is detached from the church. + +J. N. C. + +King's Lynn. + +To the list of churches having detached towers may be added the church of +Chittlehampton, near South Molton, Devon. It is several years since I last +visited the spot, but I have a distinct recollection of the fact. + +J. SANSOM. + +Amongst your list of towers separate from the church, I think you have not +mentioned Westbury on Severn, near Gloucester. + +H. H. GIBBS. + +Add to your list of Detached Church Towers, the magnificent Norman tower at +Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk. + +J. B. + +_Vincent Family_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--The representative of Augustine +Vincent is Thomas Wentworth Edmunds of Worsbro', W. Barnsley, in the county +of York, the son of the late Wm. Bennet Martin of the same place, Esq., who +has assumed the name of his great-uncle, Francis Offley Edmunds. There is a +memoir of Augustine Vincent, by Mr. Hunter, published, I believe, by +Pickering, Piccadilly, which shows the descent, and may perhaps throw light +on Francis Vincent. The name, I believe, is still common at Finedon in +Northamptonshire. + +F. O. MARTIN. + +Stoudon Place, Brentwood. + +_Pronunciation of "Coke"_ (Vol. vi., p. 16.).--In a list of books "printed +and sold by Richard Chiswell," at the end of a copy of Cave's _Lives of the +Fathers_, 1683, in my possession, the following occurs among the folios: +"Lord Cook's _Reports_ in English." This is exactly fifty years after his +death. + +H. C. K. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +SANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794. +Two Copies. + +THE AUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. Lond. 1840. 12mo. + +LOMBARDI (PETRI) SENTENTIARUM, Lib. IV. Any good edition. + +WALKER'S LATIN PARTICLES. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such +title). + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, BY SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +REV A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., BY SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists Of Books wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_The number of Replies waiting for insertion has obliged us to omit our +usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _and many_ NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +QUERY. _The quotation_ + + "Heu quanto minus reliquis versari," _&c._ + +_is from Shenstone's Epitaph on Miss Dolman. See_ "N. & Q." Vol. iv., p. +73. + +F. B. _The etymology of_ Apron _is very doubtful. Minshew and others derive +it from_ afore one; _while Todd again derives it from the French_ napperon. + +TOM TELL TRUTH _is thanked. There cannot be two opinions on the subject of +his communication._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ {587} + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the +attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of +his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the +efficiency and easy adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability +and convenience of the Folding Ditto. + +Every description of Apparatus to order. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver). J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères, La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on Application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th of June next, will be entitled, at the +next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later +Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in +1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London. + + HONORARY PRESIDENTS. + + Earl of Courtown + Earl Leven and Melville + Earl of Norbury + Earl of Stair + Viscount Falkland + Lord Elphinstone + Lord Belhaven and Stenton + Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan + + LONDON BOARD. + + _Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq. + _Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq. + + H. Blair Avarne, Esq. + E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_. + C. Berwick Curtis, Esq. + William Fairlie, Esq. + D. Q. Henriques, Esq. + J. G. Henriques, Esq. + F. C. Maitland, Esq. + William Railton, Esq. + F. H. Thomson, Esq. + Thomas Thorby, Esq. + + MEDICAL OFFICERS. + + _Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., + 8. Bennett Street, St. James's. + + _Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street. + +The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as +follows:-- + + Sum | Time | Sum added to | Sum + Assured. | Assured. | Policy | Payable + | +--------------------+ at Death. + | | In 1841. In 1848. | + ---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- + £ | | £ s.d.| £ s.d.| £ s.d. + 5000 | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8 + * 1000 | 7 years | - - | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0 + 500 | 1 year | - - | 11 5 0 | 511 5 0 + +* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took +out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in +1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 2¼ per +cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each +1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the +premiums paid. + +The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only +one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for +Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident +Director. + + * * * * * + + +PURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.--If the readers of NOTES AND QUERIES, who +suffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache, blushing, +groundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to the head, +failure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c., +will call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of +above 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who have followed his +advice, he will instruct them how to get well, without a fee, and will +render the same service to the friends of the insane.--At home from 11 to +3. + +18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + +_Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + +_Trustees._ + +W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + +_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + +_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _£ s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +ROYAL ASYLUM OF ST. ANN'S SOCIETY.--Waiting not for the Child of those once +in prosperity to become an Orphan, but by Voluntary Contributions affording +at once a Home, Clothing, Maintenance, and Education. + +The Half-yearly Election will take place at the London Tavern on Friday, +August 12th, next. + +Forms of Nomination may be procured at the Office, where Subscriptions will +be thankfully received. + +Executors of Benefactors by Will become Life Governors according to the +amount of the Bequest. + +E. F. LEEKS, Secretary. + +2. Charlotte Row, Mansion House. {588} + + * * * * * + + +Just published, in 8vo., price 2s. + +A FOURTH LETTER to the REV. DR. MAITLAND on the GENUINENESS of the WRITINGS +ascribed to CYPRIAN, BISHOP of CARTHAGE. By the REV. E. J. SHEPHERD, M.A., +Rector of Luddesdown: Author of the "History of the Church of Rome to the +End of the Episcopate of Damasus." + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS; + +Of whom may be had, by the same Author, + +THE FIRST LETTER, on the Intercourse between the Churches of Rome and +Africa. 8vo., price 1s. + +A SECOND LETTER, on the Cyprianic Councils. 8vo., price 2s. + +A THIRD LETTER on the Roman Supremacy. 8vo., price 1s. + + * * * * * + + +JUST PUBLISHED, AND SENT FREE ON RECEIPT OF SIX POSTAGE STAMPS. + +I. + +ANTIQUARIAN NEWS: containing Curious and Interesting Gleanings respecting +Prince Rupert, John Bunyan, Philip Astley, The Fortune Theatre, Strolling +Players, Mountebanks, Quack Doctors, Highwaymen, Cock-Fighting, St. +Pancras, May Fair, The Royal Bagnio, and a great variety of other +remarkable matters, forming altogether a most extraordinary and amusing +Publication. + +II. + +SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY. No. II. (Sent Free on Receipt of Six Stamps.) +Containing New and Important Researches respecting Shakspeare and his +Works. + +No. I. also may be had on Receipt of Six Stamps, or both Numbers on Receipt +of Twelve Stamps. + +III. + +A Fac-simile of a remarkably Curious and Interesting NEWSPAPER OF CHARLES +THE SECOND'S REIGN, Free on Receipt of Three Stamps. + +Address, J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. + + * * * * * + + +Preparing for Publication, + +A NEW ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS. Edited by ROBERT BELL, Author +of "The History of Russia," "Lives of the English Poets," &c. + +To be published in Monthly Volumes, Foolscap Octavo, combining those +features of research, typographical elegance, and economy of price, which +the present age demands. The text will be carefully collated, and +accompanied by Biographical, Critical, and Historical Notes. A full +Prospectus may be had on application, post paid, to the Publishers. + +JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + + "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, + 1852._ + + * * * * * + + +For Sale, price 16l. nett. + +AN UNCUT COPY OF THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, complete to Dec. 1843, with the +Five Volumes of Indexes, all half vellum, uncut, except Vols. III. and IV., +which are calf, edges cut. Many of the volumes have Notes on Slips of Paper +and Newspaper Cuttings inserted by a former possessor. + +Apply to OLIVE LASBURY, Bookseller, 10. Park Street, Bristol. + +A New Catalogue Free by Post for One Penny Stamp. + + * * * * * + + +NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient British +History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. 8vo., pp. 448, with Engravings, 15s. +cloth. + +A GLOSSARY of PROVINCIALISMS in Use in the County of SUSSEX. by W. DURRANT +COOPER, F.A.S. 12mo., 3s. 6d. cloth. + +A FEW NOTES on SHAKSPEARE; with occasional Remarks on the Emendations of +the Manuscript-Corrector in Mr. Collier's Copy of the Folio, 1632. By the +REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo., 5s. cloth. + +WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Dialect and Manners of the Rustic +Population of that County. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Esq. 12mo., 2s. 6d. +cloth. + +REMAINS of PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England, described +and illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. +Parts I. to V., 4to., 2s. 6d. each. + +*** The Plates are admirably executed by Mr. Basire, and coloured under the +direction of the Author. It is a work well worthy the notice of the +Archæologist. + +THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW: consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses of, and +Extracts from Curious, Useful, and Valuable Old Books. 8vo. Nos. 1, 2, and +3, 2s. 6d. each. (No. 4., August 1.) + +J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +WANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant, LADIES of +taste for fancy work,--by paying 21s. will be received as members, and +taught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired in a few easy +lessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment and ready cash +payment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. N.B. Ladies taught +by letter at any distance from London. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +12 mo. cloth, price 3s. 6d., with Index. + +QUOTATIONS.--The Book of Familiar Quotations, containing the hackneyed +Quotations in daily use, with names of Authors, and places in their works +where they are to be found. + +London: WHITTAKER & CO. + + * * * * * + + +Free of Expense by Post. + +A CATALOGUE of certain old Books for Sale, by JOHN TUPLING, against the +Church of St. Mary in the Strand, with Notes set down to a few of them for +the taking away of all tediousness in reading. + + "Som of the gretest autours that men rede." + Chaucer, _Nonnes Tale_. + +JOHN TUPLING, 320. Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with Portrait of the Author, in One Volume 8vo., price 12s. + +THE THISTLE AND THE CEDAR OF LEBANON; containing the Travels of the Author. +Domestic Life in Syria, the Comparative Influences of the Roman Catholic +and Protestant Faiths in Syria, and the present State of the Turkish +Empire, &c. By HABUB RISK ALLAH EFFENDI, M.R.C.S. + +London: JAMES MADDEN, 8. Leadenhall Street. + + * * * * * + + +SALLUST'S JUGURTHINE WAR, WITH ENGLISH NOTES. + +In 12mo., price 3s. 6d. + +C. SALLUSTI CRISPI de BELLO JUGURTHINO LIBER. With ENGLISH NOTES, from the +German of RUDOLPH JACOBS and others, by the REV. HENRY BROWNE, M.A., Canon +of Chichester. (Forming a New Volume of ARNOLD'S SCHOOL CLASSICS.) + +RIVINGTONS. St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 11. +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p. 569 "With Ovyddes penner ye are gretly in favor," - "ooyddes" in +original, corrected by subsequent Erratum note + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 189, June +11, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20364-8.txt or 20364-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/6/20364/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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