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diff --git a/20322.txt b/20322.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2efe537 --- /dev/null +++ b/20322.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3552 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 9, 2007 [EBook #20322] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{541} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 188.] +Saturday, June 4, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Corrections adopted by Pope from the Dunces, by James + Crossley 541 + + Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. + W. R. Arrowsmith 542 + + Devonianisms 544 + + The Poems of Rowley, by Henry H. Breen 544 + + FOLK LORE:--Legend of Llangefelach Tower--Wedding + Divination 545 + + Shakspeare Correspondence:--Shakspearian Drawings + --Thomas Shakspeare--Passage in Macbeth, Act I. + Sc. 5.--"Discourse of Reason" 545 + + MINOR NOTES:--The MSS. of Gervase Hollis--Anagrams + --Family Caul--Numerous Progeny 546 + + QUERIES:-- + + Smith, Young, and Scrymgeour MSS. 547 + + Mormon Publications, by W. Sparrow Simpson 548 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Dimidiation--Early Christian + Mothers--The Lion at Northumberland House--The + Cross in Mexico and Alexandria--Passage in St. James + --"The Temple of Truth"--Santa Claus--Donnybrook + Fair--Saffron, when brought into England-- + Isping Geil--Humbug--Franklyn Household Book-- + James Thomson's Will--"Country Parson's Advice + to his Parishioners"--Shakspeare: Blackstone 548 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Turkey Cocks-- + Bishop St. John--Ferdinand Mendez Pinto--Satin-- + Carrier Pigeons 550 + + REPLIES:-- + + "Pylades and Corinna:" Psalmanazar and Defoe, by + James Crossley 551 + + Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh 552 + + Seal of William d'Albini, by E. G. Ballard, &c. 552 + + "Will" and "Shall," by William Bates, &c. 553 + + Inscriptions in Books, by Honore de Mareville, &c. 554 + + Bacon's "Advancement of Learning," by Thomas + Markby 554 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Test for a good + Lens--Photography and the Microscope--Cement for + Glass Baths--Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing 555 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel + --Lawyers' Bags--"Nine Tailors make a man" + --"Time and I"--Carr Pedigree--Campvere, Privileges + of--Haulf-naked--Old Picture of the Spanish + Armada--Parochial Libraries--How to stain Deal-- + Roger Outlawe--Tennyson--Old Fogie--Errata corrigenda + --Anecdote of Dutens--Gloves at Fairs-- + Arms: Battle-axe--Enough--Feelings of Age--Optical + Query--Cross and Pile, &c. 557 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 561 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 562 + + Notices to Correspondents 562 + + Advertisements 562 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +CORRECTIONS ADOPTED BY POPE FROM THE DUNCES. + +In Pope's "Letter to the Honourable James Craggs," dated June 15, 1711, +after making some observations on Dennis's remarks on the _Essay on +Criticism_, he says-- + + "Yet, to give this man his due, he has objected to one or two lines + with reason; and I will alter them in case of another edition: I will + make my enemy do me a kindness where he meant an injury, and so serve + instead of a friend." + +An interesting paper might be drawn up from the instances, for they are +rather numerous, in which Pope followed out this very sensible rule. I do +not remember seeing the following one noted. One of the heroes of the +_Dunciad_, Thomas Cooke, the translator of Hesiod, was the editor of a +periodical published in monthly numbers, in 8vo., of which nine only +appeared, under the title of _The Comedian, or Philosophical Inquirer_, the +first number being for April, and the last for December, 1732. It contains +some curious matter, and amongst other papers is, in No. 2., "A Letter in +Prose to Mr. Alexander Pope, occasioned by his Epistle in Verse to the Earl +of Burlington." It is very abusive, and was most probably written either by +Cooke or Theobald. After quoting the following lines as they then stood: + + "He buys for Topham drawings and designs, + For Fountain statues, and for Curio coins, + Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone, + And books for Mead, and rarities for Sloane," + +the letter-writer thus unceremoniously addresses himself to the author: + + "Rarities! how could'st thou be so silly as not to be particular in the + rarities of Sloane, as in those of the other five persons? What + knowledge, what meaning is conveyed in the word _rarities_? Are not + some drawings, some statues, some coins, all monkish manuscripts, and + some books, _rarities_? Could'st thou not find a trisyllable to express + some parts of nature for a collection of which that learned and worthy + physician is eminent? Fy, fy! correct and write-- + + 'Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone, + And books for Mead, and butterflies for Sloane.' + + {542} + + "Sir Hans Sloane is known to have the finest collection of butterflies + in England, and perhaps in the world; and if rare monkish manuscripts + are for Hearne only, how can rarities be for Sloane, unless thou + specifyest what sort of rarities? O thou numskull!"--No. 2., pp. + 15--16. + +The correction was evidently an improvement, and therefore Pope wisely +accepted the benefit, and was the channel through which it was conveyed; +and the passage accordingly now stands as altered by the letter-writer. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS. + +(_Continued from_ p. 522.) + +_Dare_, to lurk, or cause to lurk; used both transitively and +intransitively. Apparently the root of _dark_ and _dearn_. + + "Here, quod he, it ought ynough suffice, + Five houres for to slepe upon a night: + But it were for an olde appalled wight, + As ben thise wedded men, that lie and _dare_, + As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare." + +Tyrwhitt's utterly unwarranted adoption of Speght's interpretation is +"_Dare_, v. Sax. to stare." The reader should always be cautious how he +takes upon trust a glossarist's sly fetch to win a cheap repute for +learning, and over-ride inquiry by the mysterious letters Sax. or Ang.-Sax. +tacked on to his exposition of an obscure word. There is no such Saxon +vocable as _dare_, to stare. Again, what more frequent blunder than to +confound a secondary and derivative sense of a word with its radical and +primary--indeed, sometimes to allow the former to usurp the precedence, and +at length altogether oust the latter: hence it comes to pass, that we find +_dare_ is one while said to imply peeping and prying, another while +trembling or crouching; moods and actions merely consequent or attendant +upon the elementary signification of the word: + + "I haue an hoby can make larkys to _dare_." + Skelton's _Magnifycence_, vol. i. p.269. l. 1358., Dyce's edition; + +on which line that able, but therein mistaken editor's note is, "_to dare_, +i. e. to be terrified, to tremble" (he however also adds, it means to lurk, +to lie hid, and remits his reader to a note at p. 379., where some most +pertinent examples of its true and only sense are given), to which add +these next: + + " . . let his grace go forward, + And _dare_ vs with his cap, like larkes." + First Fol., _Henry VIII._, Act III, Sc. 2. + + "Thay questun, thay quellun, + By frythun by fellun, + The dere in the dellun, + Thay droupun and _daren_". + _The Anturs of Arthur at the Tarnewathelan_, + St. IV. p. 3. Camden Society's Publications. + + "She sprinkled vs with bitter juice of vncouth herbs, and strake + The awke end of hir charmed rod vpon our heades, and spake + Words to the former contrarie. The more she charm'd, the more + Arose we vpward from the ground on which we _darde_ before." + The XIIII. Booke of Ouid's _Metamorphosis_, + p. 179. Arthur Golding's translation: London, 1587. + + "Sothely it _dareth_ hem weillynge this thing; that heuenes weren + before," &c. + +And again, a little further on: + + "Forsothe yee moste dere, one thing _dare_ you nougt (or be not + unknowen): for one day anentis God as a thousande yeeris, and a + thousande yeer as one day."--_C^m 3^m Petre 2._, Wycliffe's + translation: + +in the Latin Vulgate, _latet_ and _lateat_ respectively; in the original, +[Greek: lanthanei] and [Greek: lanthaneto]. Now the book is before me, I +beg to furnish MR. COLLIER with the references to his usage of _terre_, +mentioned in Todd's _Dictionary_, but not given (Collier's _Shakspeare_, +vol. iv. p. 65., note), namely, 6th cap. of Epistle to Ephesians, _prop. +init._; and 3rd of that to Colossians, _prop. fin._ + + * * * * * + + +_Die and live._--This _hysteron proteron_ is by no means uncommon: its +meaning is, of course, the same as live and die, _i. e._ subsist from the +cradle to the grave: + + " . . . Will you sterner be. + Than he that _dies and lives_ by bloody drops?" + First Fol., _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5. + +All manner of whimsical and farfetched constructions have been put by the +commentators upon this very homely sentence. As long as the question was, +whether their wits should have licence to go a-woolgathering or no, one +could feel no great concern to interfere: but it appears high time to come +to Shakspeare's rescue, when MR. COLLIER'S "clever" old commentator, with +some little variation in the letters, and not much less in the sense, reads +"kills" for dies; but then, in the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, Act II. Sc. +3., the same "clever" authority changes "cride-game (cride I ame), said I +well?" into "curds and cream, said I well?"--an alteration certainly not at +odds with the host's ensuing question, "said I well?" saving that that, to +liquorish palate, might seem a rather superfluous inquiry. + + "With sorrow they both _die and live_ + That unto richesse her hertes yeve." + _The Romaunt of the Rose_, v. 5789-90. + + "He is a foole, and so shall he _dye and liue_, + That thinketh him wise, and yet can he nothing." + _The Ship of Fooles_, fol. 67., by Alexander Barclay, 1570. + +{543} + + "Behold how ready we are, how willingly the women of Sparta will _die + and live_ with their husbands."--_The Pilgrimage of Kings and Princes_, + p. 29. + +Except in Shakspeare's behalf, it would not have been worth while to +exemplify so unambiguous a phrase. The like remark may also be extended to +the next word that falls under consideration. + + * * * * * + +_Kindly_, in accordance with kind, viz. nature. Thus, the love of a parent +for a child, or the converse, is kindly: one without natural affection +([Greek: astorgos]) is unkind, kindless, as in-- + + "Remorselesse, treacherous, letcherous, _kindles_ villaine." + _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2. + +Thence _kindly_ expanded into its wider meaning of general benevolence. So +under another phase of its primary sense we find the epithet used to +express the excellence and characteristic qualities proper to the idea or +standard of its subject, to wit, genuine, thrifty, well-liking, +appropriate, not abortive, monstrous, prodigious, discordant. In the +Litany, "the _kindly_ fruits of the earth" is, in the Latin versions +"genuinus," and by Mr. Boyer rightly translated "les fruits de la terre +chaqu'un selon son espece;" for which Pegge takes him to task, and +interprets _kindly_ "fair and good," through mistake or preference adopting +the acquired and popular, in lieu of the radical and elementary meaning of +the word. (_Anonymiana_, pp. 380--1. Century VIII. No. LXXXI.) The +conjunction of this adjective with _gird_ in a passage of _King Henry VI_. +has sorely gravelled MR. COLLIER: twice over he essays, with equal success, +to expound its purport. First, _loc. cit._, he finds fault with _gird_ as +being employed in rather an unusual manner; or, if taken in its common +meaning of taunt or reproof, then that _kindly_ is said ironically; because +there seems to be a contradiction in terms. (Monck Mason's rank distortion +of the words, there cited, I will not pain the reader's sight with.) MR. +COLLIER'S note concludes with a supposition that _gird_ may possibly be a +misprint. This is the misery! Men will sooner suspect the text than their +own understanding or researches. In Act I. Sc. 1. of _Coriolanus_, +dissatisfied with his previous note, MR. COLLIER tries again, and thinks a +_kindly gird_ may mean a gentle reproof. That the reader may be able to +judge what it does mean, it will be necessary to quote the king's _gird_, +who thus administers a kindly rebuke to the malicious preacher against the +sin of malice, _i.e._ chastens him with his own rod: + + "_King._ Fie, uncle Beauford, I have heard you preach, + That mallice was a great and grievous sinne: + And will not you maintaine the thing you teache, + But prove a chief offender in the same? + + _Warn._ Sweet king: the bishop hath a _kindly gyrd_." + First Part of _King Henry VI._, Act III. Sc. 1. 1st Fol. + +A _gird_, akin to, in keeping with, fitting, proper to the cardinal's +calling; an evangelical _gird_ for an evangelical man: what more _kindly_? +_Kindly_, connatural, homogeneous. But now for a bushel of examples, some +of which will surely avail to insense the reader in the purport of this +epithet, if my explanation does not: + + "God in the congregation of the gods, what more proper and + _kindly_"?--Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 212. _Lib. Ang.-Cath. Theol._ + + "And that (pride) seems somewhat _kindly_ too, and to agree with this + disease (the plague). That pride which swells itself should end in a + tumour or swelling, as, for the most part, this disease doth."--_Id._, + p. 228. + + "And so, you are found; and they, as the children of perdition should + be, are lost. Here are you: and where are they? Gone to their own + place, to Judas their brother. And, as is most _kindly_, the sons to + the father of wickedness; there to be plagued with him for + ever."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. 98. + + "For whatsoever, as the Son of God, He may do, it is _kindly_ for Him, + as the Son of Man, to save the sons of men."--_Id._, p. 253. + + "There cannot be a more _kindly_ consequence than this, our not failing + from their not failing: we do not, because they do not."--_Id._, p. + 273. + + "And here falls in _kindly_ this day's design, and the visible 'per + me,' that happened on it."--_Id._, p. 289. + + "And having then made them, it is _kindly_ that viscera misericordiae + should be over those opera that came de visceribus."--_Id._, p. 327. + + "The children came to the birth, and the right and _kindly_ copulative + were; to the birth they came, and born they were: in a kind consequence + who would look for other?"--_Id._, p. 348. + + "For usque adeo proprium est operari Spiritui, ut nisi operetur, nec + sit. So _kindly_ (proprium) it is for the spirit to be working as if It + work not, It is not."--_Id._, vol. iii. p. 194. + + "And when he had overtaken, for those two are but presupposed, the more + _kindly_ to bring in [Greek: epelabeto], when, I say, He had overtaken + them, cometh in fitly and properly [Greek: epilambanetai]."--_Id._, + vol. i. p. 7. + + "No time so _kindly_ to preach de Filio hodie genito as hodie."--_Id._, + p. 285. + + "A day whereon, as it is most _kindly_ preached, so it will be most + _kindly_ practised of all others."--_Id._, p. 301. + + "Respice et plange: first, 'Look and lament' or mourn; which is indeed + the most _kindly_ and natural effect of such a spectacle."--_Id._, vol. + ii. p. 130. + + "Devotion is the most proper and most _kindly_ work of + holiness."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. 377. + +Perhaps the following will be thought so apposite, that I may be spared the +labour, and the reader the tedium of perusing a thousand other examples +that might be cited: + + And there is nothing more _kindly_ than for them that will be touching, + to be touched themselves, and to {544} be touched home, in the same + _kind_ themselves thought to have touched others."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. + 71.[1] + +W. R. ARROWSMITH. + +(_To be continued._) + +[Footnote 1: _Kindly_ is quite a pet word with Andrewes, as, besides the +passages quoted, he employs it in nearly the same sense in vol. iii., at +pp. 18. 34. 102. 161. 189. 262. 308. 372. 393. 397.; in vol. i., at pp. +100. 125. 151. 194. 214.; in vol. ii. at pp. 53. 157. 307. 313. 338. The +same immortal quibbler is also very fond of the word _item_, using it, as +our cousins across the Atlantic and we in Herefordshire do at the present +day, for "a hint."] + + * * * * * + + +DEVONIANISMS. + +_Miserable._--_Miserable_ is very commonly used in Devonshire in the +signification of _miserly_, with strange effect until one becomes used to +it. Hooker the Judicious, a Devonshire man, uses the word in this sense in +the _Eccl. Polity_, book v. ch. lxv. p. 21.: + + "By means whereof it cometh also to pass that the mean which is virtue + seemeth in the eyes of each extreme an extremity; the liberal-hearted + man is by the opinion of the prodigal _miserable_, and by the judgment + of the _miserable_ lavish." + +_Few._--Speaking of broth, people in Devon say a _few broth_ in place of a +little, or some broth. I find a similar use of the word in a sermon +preached in 1550, by Thomas Lever, Fellow of St. John's College, preserved +by Strype (in his _Eccles. Mem._, ii. 422.). Speaking of the poor students +of Cambridge, he says: + + "At ten of the clock they go to dinner, whereas they be content with a + penny piece of beef among four, having a _few pottage_ made of the + broth of the same beef, with salt and oatmeal, and nothing else." + +_Figs, Figgy._--Most commonly _raisins_ are called _figs_, and plum-pudding +_figgy_ pudding. So with plum-cake, as in the following rhymes:-- + + "Rain, rain, go to Spain, + Never come again: + When I brew and when I bake, + I'll give you a _figgy_ cake." + +_Against_ is used like the classical _adversum_, in the sense of _towards_ +or _meeting_. I have heard, both in Devonshire and in Ireland, the +expression to send _against_, that is, to send _to meet_, a person, &c. + +The foregoing words and expressions are probably provincialisms rather than +Devonianisms, good old English forms of expression; as are, indeed, many of +the so-called Hibernicisms. + +_Pilm, Farroll._--What is the derivation of _pilm_=dust, so frequently +heard in Devon, and its derivatives, _pilmy_, dusty: it _pilmeth_? The +cover of a book is there called the _farroll_; what is the derivation of +this word? + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + + * * * * * + + +THE POEMS OF ROWLEY. + +The tests propounded by MR. KEIGHTLEY (Vol. vii. p. 160.) with reference to +the authenticity of the poems of Rowley, namely the use of "its," and the +absence of the feminine rhyme in _e_, furnish additional proof, if any were +wanting, that Chatterton was the author of those extraordinary productions. +Another test often insisted upon is the occurrence, in those poems, of +borrowed thoughts--borrowed from poets of a date posterior to that of their +pretended origin. Of this there is one instance which seems to have escaped +the notice of Chatterton's numerous annotators. It occurs at the +commencement of _The Tournament_, in the line,-- + + "The _worlde_ bie _diffraunce_ ys ynn _orderr_ founde." + +It will be seen that this line, a very remarkable one, has been cleverly +condensed from the following passage in Pope's _Windsor Forest_:-- + + "But as the _world_, harmoniously confused, + Where _order_ in variety we see; + And where, tho' all things _differ_, all agree." + +This sentiment has been repeated by other modern writers. Pope himself has +it in the _Essay on Man_, in this form,-- + + "The lights and shades, whose well-accorded strife + Gives all the strength and colour of our life." + +It occurs in one of Pascal's _Pensees_: + + "J'ecrirai ici mes pensees sans ordre, et non pas peut-etre dans une + confusion sans dessein: C'est le veritable ordre, et qui marquera + toujours mon objet par le desordre meme." + +Butler has it in the line,-- + + "For discords make the sweetest airs." + +Bernardin de St. Pierre, in his _Etudes de la Nature_: + + "C'est des contraires que resulte l'harmonie du monde." + +And Burke, in nearly the same words, in his _Reflections on the French +Revolution_: + + "You had that action and counteraction, which, in the natural and in + the political world, from the reciprocal struggle of discordant powers, + draws out the harmony of the universe." + +Nor does the sentiment belong exclusively to the moderns. I find it in +Horace's twelfth Epistle: + + "Nil parvum sapias, et adhuc sublimia cures, + . . . . . . + Quid velit et possit rerum concordia discors." + +{545} + +Lucan, I think, has the same expression in his _Pharsalia_; and it forms +the basis of Longinus's remark on the eloquence of Demosthenes: + + [Greek: "Oukoun ten men phusin ton epanaphoron kai asundeton pantei + phulattei tei sunechei metabolei? houtos autoi kai he taxis atakton, + kai empalin he ataxia poian perilambanei taxin."] + +It may be said that, as Pope adopted the thought from Horace or Lucan, so a +poet of the fifteenth century (such as the supposed Rowley) might have +taken it from the same sources. But a comparison of the line in _The +Tournament_ with those in _Windsor Forest_ will show that the borrowing +embraces not only the thought, but the very words in which it is expressed. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Legend of Llangefelach Tower._--A different version of the legend also +exists in the neighbourhood, viz. that the day's work on the tower being +pulled down each night by the old gentleman, who was apparently +apprehensive that the sound of the bells might keep away all evil spirits, +a saint, of now forgotten name, told the people that if they would stand at +the church door, and throw a stone, they would succeed in building the +tower on the "spot where it fell," which accordingly came to pass. + +CERIDWEN. + +_Wedding Divination._--Being lately present on the occasion of a wedding at +a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, I was witness to the following +custom, which seems to take rank as a genuine scrap of folk-lore. On the +bride alighting from her carriage at her father's door, a plate covered +with morsels of bride's cake was flung from a window of the second story +upon the heads of the crowd congregated in the street below; and the +divination, I was told, consists in observing the fate which attends its +downfall. If it reach the ground in safety, without being broken, the omen +is a most _un_favourable one. If on the other hand, the plate be shattered +to pieces (and the more the better), the auspices are looked upon as most +happy. + +OXONIENSIS. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Shakspearian Drawings._--I have very recently become possessed of some +curious drawings by Hollar; those relating to Shakspeare very interesting, +evidently done for one Captain John Eyre, who could himself handle the +pencil well. + +The inscription under one is as follows, in the writing of the said J. +Eyre: + + "Ye house in ye Clink Streete, Southwarke, now belonging to Master + Ralph Hansome, and in ye which Master Shakspeare lodged in ye while he + writed and played at ye Globe, and untill ye yeare 1600 it was at the + time ye house of Grace Loveday. Will had ye two Rooms over against ye + Doorway, as I will possibly show." + +Size of the drawing, 12 x 7, "W. Hollar delin., 1643." It is an exterior +view, beautifully executed, showing very prominently the house and a +continuation of houses, forming one side of the street. + +The second has the following inscription in the same hand: + + "Ye portraiture of ye rooms in ye which Master Will Shakspeare lodged + in Clink Streete, and which is told to us to be in ye same state as + when left by himself, as stated over ye door in ye room, and on the + walls were many printed verses, also a portraiture of Ben Jonson with a + ruff on a pannel." + +Size of the drawing 11-5/8 x 6-7/8, "W. Hollar delin., 1643:" shows the +interior of three sides, and the floor and ceiling, with the tables, +chairs, and reading-desk; an open door shows the interior of his +sleeping-room, being over the entrance door porch. + +The third-- + + "Ye Globe, as to be seen before ye Fire in ye year 1615, when this + place was burnt down. This old building," &c. + +Here follows a long interesting description. It is an exterior view; size +of drawing 71/4 wide x 9-7/8 high, "W. H. 1640." + +The fourth shows the stage, on which are two actors: this drawing, 7-7/8 x +61/2, was done by J. Eyre, 1629, and on which he gives a curious description +of his accompanying Prince Charles, &c.; at this time he belonged to the +Court, as he also accompanied that prince to Spain. + +The fifth, done by the same hand in a _most masterly manner_, pen and ink +portrait of Shakspeare, copied, as he writes, from a portrait belonging to +the Earl of Essex, with interesting manuscript notice. + +The sixth, done also by J. Eyre: + + "Ye portraiture of one Master Ben Jonson, as on ye walls of Master Will + Shakspeare's rooms in Clinke Streete, Southwarke."--J. E. 1643. + +The first three, in justice to Hollar, independent of the admirers of the +immortal bard and lovers of antiquities, should be engraved as "Facsimiles +of the Drawings." This shall be done on my receiving the names of sixty +subscribers, the amount of subscription one guinea, for which each +subscriber will receive three engravings, to be paid for when delivered. + +P. T. + +P. S.--These curious drawings may be seen at No. 1. Osnaburgh Place, New +Road. + +_Thomas Shakspeare._--From a close examination of the documents referred to +(as bearing the signature of Thomas Shakspeare) in my last {546} +communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 405.), and from the _nature_ of +the _transaction_ to which they relate, _my impression_ is, that he was by +profession a money scrivener in the town of Lutterworth; a circumstance +which may possibly tend to the discovery of his family connexion (if any +existed) with William Shakspeare. + +CHARLECOTE. + +_Passage in Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5._-- + + " . . . Come, thick night, + And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, + That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, + Nor heaven peep through the _blanket_ of the dark, + To cry, Hold, hold!" + +In MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S _Notes and Emendations_, p. 407., we are informed +that the old corrector substitutes _blankness_ for _blanket_. The change is +to me so exceedingly bad, even if made on some sort of authority (as an +extinct 4to.), that I should have let it be its own executioner, had not +MR. COLLIER apparently given in his adhesion to it. I now beg to offer a +few obvious reasons why _blanket_ is unquestionably Shakspeare's word. + +In the _Rape of Lucrece_, Stanza CXV., we have a passage very nearly +parallel with that in _Macbeth_: + + "O night, thou furnace of foul reeking smoke, + Let not the jealous day behold thy face, + Which underneath thy _black all-hiding cloak_, + Immodestly lies martyr'd with disgrace." + +In _Lucrece_, the _cloak_ of night is invoked to screen a deed of adultery; +in _Macbeth_ the _blanket_ of night is invoked to hide a murder: but the +foul, reeking, smoky cloak of night, in the passage just quoted, is clearly +parallel with the smoky blanket of night in _Macbeth_. The complete imagery +of both passages has been happily caught by Carlyle (_Sartor Resartus_, +1841, p. 23.), who, in describing night, makes Teufelsdroeckh say: + + "Oh, under that _hideous coverlet of vapours, and putrefactions, and + unimaginable gases_, what a fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid!" + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_"Discourse of Reason"_ (Vol. vii., p. 497.).--This phrase, "generally +supposed to be peculiarly Shakspearian," which A. E. B. has indicated in +his quotation from Philemon Holland, occurs also in Dr. T. Bright's +_Treatise of Melancholy_, the date of which is 1586. In the third page of +the dedicatory epistle there is this sentence: + + "Such as are of quicke conceit, and delighted in _discourse of reason_ + in naturall things." + +Here, then, is another authority against Gifford's proposed "emendation" of +the expression as it occurs in _Hamlet_. + +M. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The MSS. of Gervase Hollis._--These were taken during the reign of Charles +I., and continue down to the middle of Charles II. In Harl. MSS. 6829, will +be found a most curious and valuable volume, containing the painted glass, +arms, monuments, brasses, and epitaphs in the various churches and chapels, +&c. throughout the county of Lincoln. The arms are all drawn in the margin +in colours. Being taken before the civil war, they contain all those which +were destroyed or defaced by the Parliament army. They were all copied by +Gough, which he notices in his _Brit. Top._, vol. i. p. 519., but not +printed. + +His genealogical collections are contained in a series of volumes marked +with the letters of the alphabet, and comprehended in the Lansdowne +Catalogue under No. 207. The Catalogue is very minute, and the contents of +the several volumes very miscellaneous; and some of the genealogical notes +are simply short memoranda, which, in order to be made available, must be +wrought out from other sources. They all relate more or less to the county +of Lincoln. One of these, called "Trusbut," was presented to the British +Museum by Sir Joseph Banks in 1817, and will be found in Add. MSS. 6118. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +_Anagrams._--The publication of two anagrams in your Number for May 7, +calls to my mind a few that were made some years ago by myself and some +friends, as an experiment upon the anagrammatic resources of words and +phrases. A subject was chosen, and each one of the party made an anagram, +good, bad, or indifferent, out of the component letters. The following may +serve as a specimen of the best of the budget that we made. + + 1. French Revolution. + Violence, run forth! + + 2. Swedish Nightingale. + Sing high! sweet Linda. (_q. d._ di Chamouni.) + + 3. Spanish Marriages. + Rash games in Paris; or, Ah! in a miser's grasp. + + 4. Paradise Lost. + Reap sad toils. + + 5. Paradise Regained. + Dead respire again. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Family Caul--Child's Caul._--The will of Sir John Offley, Knight, of +Madeley Manor, Staffordshire (grandson of Sir Thomas Offley, Lord Mayor of +London temp. Eliz.), proved at Doctors' Commons 20th May, 1658, contains +the following singular bequest: + + "Item, I will and devise one Jewell done all in Gold enammelled, + wherein there is a Caul that covered my face and shoulders when I first + came into the world, the use thereof to my loving Daughter the Lady + {547} Elizabeth Jenny, so long as she shall live; and after her decease + the use likewise thereof to her Son, Offley Jenny, during his natural + life; and after his decease to my own right heirs male for ever; and so + from Heir to Heir, to be left so long as it shall please God of his + Goodness to continue any Heir Male of my name, desiring the same Jewell + be not concealed nor sold by any of them." + +CESTRIENSIS. + +_Numerous Progeny._--The _London Journal_ of Oct. 26, 1734, contains the +following paragraph: + + "Letters from Holderness, in Yorkshire, mention the following + remarkable inscription on a tombstone newly erected in the churchyard + of Heydon, viz. 'Here lieth the body of William Strutton, of + Padrington, buried the 18th of May, 1734, aged 97, who had by his first + wife 28 children, and by a second wife 17; own father to 45, + grandfather to 86, great-grandfather to 97, and great-great-grandfather + to 23; in all 251.'" + +T. B. H. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +SMITH, YOUNG, AND SCRYMGEOUR MSS. + +Thomas Smith, in his _Vitae Illustrium_, gives extracts from a so-called +Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young, but which Sir Peter compiled during the +latter years of his life. Thomas Hearne says, in a note to the Appendix to +Leland's _Collectanea_, that he had had the use of some of Smith's MSS. +This Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young may be worth the publishing if it can be +found: can any of your readers say whether it is among Smith's or Hearne's +MSS., or if it be preserved elsewhere? Peter Young, and his brother +Alexander, were pupils of Theodore Beza, having been educated chiefly at +the expense of their maternal uncle Henry Scrymgeour, to whose valuable +library Peter succeeded. It was brought to Scotland by Alexander about the +year 1573 or 1574, and was landed at Dundee. It was especially rich in +Greek MSS.; and Dr. Irvine, in his "Dissertation on the Literary History of +Scotland," prefixed to his _Lives of the Scottish Poets_, says of these +MSS. and library, "and the man who is so fortunate as to redeem them from +obscurity, shall assuredly be thought to have merited well from the +republic of letters." It is much to be feared, however, that as to the MSS. +this good fortune awaits no man; for Sir Peter Young seems to have given +them to his fifth son, Patrick Young, the eminent Greek scholar, who was +librarian to Prince Henry, and, after his death, to the king, and to +Charles I. Patrick Young's house was unfortunately burned, and in it +perished many MSS. belonging to himself and to others. If Scrymgeour's MSS. +escaped the fire, they are to be sought for in the remnant of Patrick +Young's collection, wherever that went, or in the King's Library, of which +a considerable part was preserved. Young's house was burned in 1636, and he +is supposed to have carried off a large number of MSS. from the royal +library, after the king's death in 1649. If therefore Scrymgeour's MSS. +were among these, it is possible that they may yet be traced, for they +would be sold with Young's own, after his death in 1652. This occurred on +the 7th of September, rather suddenly, and he left no will, and probably +gave no directions about his MSS. and library, which were sold _sub hasta_, +probably within a few months after his death, and with them any of the MSS. +which he may have taken from the King's Library, or may have had in his +possession belonging to others. Smith says that he had seen a large +catalogue of MSS. written in Young's own hand. Is this catalogue extant? +Patrick Young left two daughters, co-heiresses: the elder married to John +Atwood, Esq.; the younger, to Sir Samuel Bowes, Kt. A daughter of the +former gave to a church in Essex a Bible which had belonged to Charles I.; +but she knew so little of her grandfather's history that she described him +as Patrick Young, Esq., library keeper to the king, quite unconscious that +he had been rector of two livings, and a canon and treasurer of St. Paul's. +Perhaps, after all, the designation was not so incorrect, for though he +held so many preferments, he never was in priest's orders, and sometimes +was not altogether free from suspicion of not being a member of the Church +of England at all, except as a recipient of its dues, and of course, a +deacon in its orders. + +But it may be worthy of note, as affording another clue by which, +perchance, to trace some of Scrymgeour's MSS., that Sir Thomas Bowes, Kt., +who was Sir Symonds D'Ewes's literary executor, employed Patrick Young to +value a collection of coins, &c., among which he recognised a number that +had belonged to the king's cabinet, and which Sir Symonds had purchased +from Hugh Peters, by whom they had been purloined. Young taxed Peters with +having taken books, and MSS. also, which the other denied, with the +exception of two or three, but was not believed. I do not know what +relation Sir Thomas Bowes was to Sir Samuel, who married Young's second +daughter, nor to Paul Bowes, who edited D'Ewes's _Journals_ in 1682. It is +quite possible that some of Scrymgeour's MSS. may have fallen into D'Ewes's +hands, may have come down, and be recognisable by some mark. + +As to Scrymgeour's books, it is probable that they were deposited in Peter +Young's house of Easter Seatoun, near to Arbroath, of which he obtained +possession about 1580, and which remained with his descendants for about +ninety years, when his great-grandson sold it, and purchased the castle and +part of the lands of Aldbar. That any very fine library was removed thither +is not probable, especially any bearing Henry {548} Scrymgeour's name; and +for this reason, that Thomas Ruddiman was tutor to David Young, and was +resident at Aldbar, and would hardly have failed to notice, or to record, +the existence of any so remarkable a library as Scrymgeour's, or even of +Sir Peter Young's, who was himself an ardent collector of books, as appears +from some of his letters to Sir Patrick Vans (_recte_ Vaux) which I have +seen, and as might be inferred from his literary tastes and pursuits. There +is perhaps reason to believe that Sir Peter's library did not descend in +his family beyond his eldest son, Sir James Young, who made an attempt to +deprive the sons of his first marriage (the elder of whom died in infancy) +of their right of succession to their grandfather's estates, secured to +them under their father's marriage contract, and which attempt was defeated +by their uncle, Dr. John Young, Dean of Winchester (sixth son of Sir +Peter), who acquired from Lord Ramsay, eldest son of the Earl of Dalhousie, +part of the barony of Baledmouth in Fife. Dean Young founded a school at +St. Andrew's, on the site of which is now built Dr. Bell's Madras College. + +Sir Peter Young the elder, knighted in 1605, has been sometimes confounded +with his third son, Peter, who received his knighthood at the hands of +Gustavus Adolphus, on the occasion of that king being invested with the +Order of the Garter. + +Another fine library (Andrew Melville's) was brought into Scotland about +the same time as Scrymgeour's; and it is creditable to the statesmen of +James's reign that there was an order in the Scotch exchequer, that books +imported into Scotland should be free from custom. A note of this order is +preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum; but my reference +to the number is not at hand. + +DE CAMERA. + + * * * * * + + +MORMON PUBLICATIONS. + +Can any of your correspondents oblige me by supplying particulars of other +editions of the following Mormon works? The particulars required are the +size, place, date, and number of pages. The editions enumerated below are +the only ones to which I have had access. + +1. _The Book of Mormon_: + + First American edition, 12mo.: Palmyra, 1830, pp. 588., printed by + E. B. Grandin for the author. + + First European edition, small 8vo.: Liverpool, 1841, title, one leaf, + pp. 643., including index at the end. + + Second European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1849. Query number of pages? + + Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xii. 563. + +2. _Book of Doctrine and Covenants_: + + First (?) American edition, 18mo.: Kirkland, 1835, pp. 250. + + Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xxiii, 336. + +3. _Hymn Book for the "Saints" in Europe_: + + Ninth edition, 16mo.: Liverpool, 1851, pp. vii. 379., containing 296 + hymns. + +As I am passing through the press two Lectures on the subject of Mormonism, +and am anxious that the literary history and bibliography of this curious +sect should be as complete as possible, I will venture to ask the favour of +an immediate reply to this Query: and since the subject is hardly of +general interest, as well as because the necessary delay of printing any +communication may hereby be avoided, may I request that any reply be sent +to me at the address given below. I shall also be glad to learn where, and +at what price, a copy of the first _American_ edition of the _Book of +Mormon_ can be procured. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + 14. Grove Road, + North Brixton, Surrey. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Dimidiation._--Is the practice of _dimidiation_ approved of by modern +heralds, and are examples of it common? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Early Christian Mothers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me +whether the Christian mothers of the first four or five centuries were much +in the habit of using the rod in correcting their children; and whether the +influence acquired by the mother of St. Chrysostom, and others of the same +stamp, was not greatly owing to their having seldom or never inflicted +corporal punishment on them? + +PATER. + +_The Lion at Northumberland House._--One often hears the anecdote of a wag +who, as alleged, stared at the lion on Northumberland House until he had +collected a crowd of imitators around him, when he cried out, "By Heaven! +it wags, it wags," and the rest agreed with him that the lion did wag its +tail. If this farce really took place, I should be glad to know the date +and details. + +J. P. + +Birmingham. + +_The Cross in Mexico and Alexandria._--In _The Unseen World; Communications +with it, real and imaginary, &c._, 1850, a work which is attributed to an +eminent divine and ecclesiastical historian of the English Church, it is +stated that-- + + "It was a tradition in Mexico, before the arrival of the Spaniards, + that when that form (the sign of the cross) should be victorious, the + old religion should disappear. The same sign is also said to have been + {549} discovered on the destruction of the temple of Serapis at + Alexandria, and the same tradition to have been attached to it."--P. + 23. + +The subject is very curious, and one in which I am much interested. I am +anxious to refer to the original authorities for the tradition in both +cases. It is known that the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of +rain. We have the following curious account thereof in _The Pleasant +Historie of the Conquest of West India, now called Newe Spayne_, translated +out of the Spanish tongue by T. N., anno 1578: + + "At the foote of this temple was a plotte like a churchyard, well + walled and garnished with proper pinnacles; in the midst whereof stoode + a crosse of ten foote long, the which they adored for god of the rayne; + for at all times whe they wanted rayne, they would go thither on + procession deuoutely, and offered to the crosse quayles sacrificed, for + to appease the wrath that the god seemed to have agaynste them: and + none was so acceptable a sacrifice, as the bloud of that little birde. + They used to burne certaine sweete gume, to perfume that god withall, + and to besprinkle it with water; and this done, they belieued assuredly + to haue rayne."--P. 41. + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors, Kirton Lindsey. + +_Passage in St. James._--I hope you will not consider the following Query +unsuited to your publication, and in that case I may confidently anticipate +the removal of my difficulty. + +In reading yesterday Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Living and Dying_, I came to +this passage (p. 308. Bohn's edition): + + "St. James, in his epistle, notes the folly of some men, his + contemporaries, who were so impatient of the event of to-morrow, or the + accidents of next year, or the good or evils of old age, that they + would consult astrologers and witches, oracles and devils, what should + befall them the next calends--what should be the event of such a + voyage--what God had written in his book concerning the success of + battles, the election of emperors, &c.... Against this he opposes his + counsel, that we should not search after forbidden records, much less + by uncertain significations," &c. + +Now my Query is, To what epistle of St. James does the eloquent bishop +refer? If to the canonical epistle, to what part? To the words (above +quoted) "forbidden records" there is a foot-note, which contains only the +well-known passage in Horace, lib. i. od. xi., and two others from +Propertius and Catullus. + +S. S. S. + +_"The Temple of Truth."_--Who was the author of an admirable work entitled +_The Temple of Truth_, published in 1806 by Mawman? + +T. B. H. + +_Santa Claus._--Reading _The Wide Wide World_ recalled to my mind this +curious custom, which I had remarked when in America. I was then not a +little surprised to find so strange a superstition lingering in puritanical +New England, and which, it is needless to remark, was quite novel to me. +_Santa Claus_ I believe to be a corruption of _Saint Nicholas_, the +tutelary saint of sailors, and consequently a great favourite with the +Dutch. Probably, therefore, the custom was introduced into the western +world by the compatriots of the renowned Knickerbocker. + +It is unnecessary to describe the nature of the festivity, as it is so +graphically pourtrayed in Miss Wetherell's, or rather Warner's work, to +which I would refer those desirous of further acquaintance with the +subject; the object of this Query being to learn, through some of the +American or other correspondents of "N. & Q.," the original legend, as well +as the period and events connected with the immigration into "The States" +of that beneficent friend of Young America, _Santa Claus_. + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + +_Donnybrook Fair._--This old-established fair, so well known in every +quarter of the globe, and so very injurious to the morality of those who +frequent it, is said to be held by patent: but is there any patent for it +in existence? If there be, why is it not produced? I am anxious to obtain +information upon the subject. + +ABHBA. + +_Saffron, when brought into England._--In a footnote to Beckmann's _History +of Inventions, &c._, vol. i. p. 179. (Bohn's), is the following, purporting +to be from Hakluyt, vol. ii. p. 164.: + + "It is reported at Saffron Walden that a pilgrim, proposing to do good + to his country, stole a head of saffron, and hid the same in his + palmer's staff, which he had made hollow before on purpose, and so he + brought this root into this realm, with venture of his life; for if he + had been taken, by the law of the country from whence it came, he had + died for the fact." + +Can any of your readers throw any light upon this tradition? + +W. T. + +Saffron Walden. + +_Isping Geil._--In a charter of Joanna Fossart, making a grant of lands and +other possessions to the priory of Grosmont in Yorkshire, is the following +passage as given in Dugdale's _Monasticon_ (I quote from Bohn's edition, +1846, vol. vi. p. 1025.): + + "Dedi eis insuper domos meas in Eboraco; illas scilicet quae sunt inter + domos Laurentii clerici quae fuerunt Benedicti Judaei et _Isping Geil_, + cum tota curia et omnibus pertinentiis." + +Can any of your readers, and in particular any of our York antiquaries, +inform me whether the "Isping Geil" mentioned in this passage is the name +of a person, or of some locality in that city now obsolete? In either case +I should be glad of any information as to the etymology of so singular +{550} a designation, which may possibly have undergone some change in +copying. + +[Greek: Th.] + +_Humbug._--When was this word introduced into the English language? The +earliest instance in which I have met with it is in one of Churchill's +Poems, published about the year 1750. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +_Franklyn Household Book._--Can any reader inform me in whose keeping, the +Household Book of Sir John Franklyn _now_ is?[2] Extracts were published +from it in the _Archaeologia_, vol. xv. + +J. K. + +[Footnote 2: [Sir John Franklyn's _Household Book_ was in the possession of +Sir John Chardin Musgrave, of Eden Hall, co. Cumberland, who died in 1806. +Some farther extracts, consisting of about thirty items, relating to +archery (not given in the _Archaeologia_) will be found in the British +Museum, Add. MSS. 6316. f. 30. Among other items is the following: "Oct. +20, 1642. Item, for a pound of tobacco for the Lady Glover, 12s." Sir John +Franklyn, of Wilsden, co. Middlesex, was M.P. for that county in the +beginning of the reign of Charles I., and during the Civil Wars.--ED.]] + +_James Thomson's Will._--Did the author of the _Seasons_ make a will? If +so, where is the original to be seen? + +D. + +Leamington. + +_"Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners."_--Could you inquire through +your columns who the author of a book entitled _The Country Parson's Advice +to his Parishioners_ is? It was printed for Benjamin Tooke, at the Ship, in +St. Paul's Church Yard, 1680. + +I have a singular copy of this book, and know at present of no other copy. +The booksellers all seem at a loss as to who the author was; some say +Jeremy Taylor, others George Herbert; but my date does not allow the +latter,--at least it makes it very improbable, unless it was published +after his death. The book itself is like George Herbert's style, very solid +and homely; it is evidently by some masterly hand. Should you be able to +give me information, or get it for me, I should be obliged. I think of +reprinting the book. + +GEO. NUGEE. + +Senior Curate of St. Paul's, Wilton Place. + +_Shakspeare--Blackstone._--In Moore's _Diary_, vol. iv. p. 130., he says,-- + + "Mr. Duncan mentioned, that Blackstone has preserved the name of the + judge to whom Shakspeare alludes in the grave-digger's argument?-- + + 'If the water comes to the man,' &c." + +Will one of your Shakspearian or legal correspondents have the kindness to +name the judge so alluded to, and give a reference to the passage in +Blackstone in which he conveys this information? + +IGNORAMUS. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Turkey Cocks._--Why are Turkey cocks so called, seeing they were not +imported from Turkey? + +CAPE. + + [This Query did not escape the notice of Dr. Samuel Pegge. He says; + "The cocks which Pancirollus (ii. tit. 1.) mentions as brought from + America, were Turkey cocks, as Salmuth there (p. 28.) rightly observes. + The French accordingly call this bird _Coq d'Inde_, and from _d'Inde_ + comes the diminutive _Dindon_, the young Turkey; as if one should say, + 'the young Indian fowl.' Fetching the Turkey from America accords well + with the common notion: + + 'Turkeys, carps, hops, pikarel, and beer, + Came into England all in a year;' + + that is, in the reign of Henry VIII., after many voyages had been made + to North America, where this bird abounds in an extraordinary manner. + But Query how this bird came to be called Turkey? Johnson latinizes it + _Gallina Turcica_, and defines it, 'a large domestic fowl brought from + Turkey;' which does not agree with the above account from Pancirollus. + Brookes says (p. 144.), 'It was brought into Europe either from India + or Africa.' And if from the latter, it might be called _Turkey_, though + but improperly."--_Anonymiana_, cent. x. 79.] + +_Bishop St. John._--The following passage occurs at vol. iv. p. 84. of the +Second Series of Ellis's _Original Letters, Illustrative of English +History_. It is taken from the letter numbered 326, dated London, Jan. 5, +1685-6, and addressed "for John Ellis, Esq., Secretary of his Majesty's +Revenue in Ireland, Dublin:" + + "The Bishop of London's fame runs high in the vogue of the people. The + London pulpits ring strong peals against Popery; and I have lately + heard there never were such eminently able men to serve in those cures. + The Lord Almoner Ely is thought to stand upon too narrow a base now in + his Majesty's favour, from a late violent sermon on the 5th of + November. I saw him yesterday at the King's Levy; and very little + notice taken of him, which the more confirms what I heard. Our old + friend the new Bishop St. John, gave a smart answer to a (very well + put) question of his M---- with respect to him, that shows he is not + altogether formed of court-clay; but neither you nor I shall withdraw + either of our friendship for him on such an account." + +All who know this period of our history, know Compton and Turner; but who +was Bishop St. John? + +J. J. J. + + [An error in the transcription. In the manuscript it reads thus: + "Bish^p S^r Jon^n," and clearly refers to Sir Jonathan Trelawney, + Bart., consecrated bishop of {551} Bristol, Nov. 8, 1685, translated to + Exeter in 1689, and to Winchester in 1707.] + +_Ferdinand Mendez Pinto._-- + + "Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, thou liar of the first + magnitude!" + +Where is the original of the above to be found? Was Ferdinand Mendez Pinto +a real or imaginary character? + +INQUIRENS. + + [A famous Portuguese traveller, in no good odour for veracity. His + _Travels_ have been translated into most European languages, and twice + published in English. A notice of Pinto will be found in Rose's _Biog. + Dict._, s. v.] + +_Satin._--What is the origin of the word _satin_? + +CAPE. + + [See Ogilvie and Webster. "Fr. _satin_; W. _sidan_, satin or silk; Gr. + and Lat. _sindon_; Ch. and Heb. _sedin_; Ar. _sidanah_."] + +_Carrier Pigeons._--When were carrier pigeons first used in Europe? + +CAPE. + + [Our correspondent will find some interesting notices of the early use + of the carrier pigeon in Europe in the _Penny Cyclopaedia_, vol. vii. p. + 372., art. "COLUMBIDAE;" and in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, vol. vi. + p. 176., art. "CARRIER PIGEON."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +"PYLADES AND CORRINA."--PSALMANAZAR AND DEFOE. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 305. 435. 479.) + +I had forwarded for insertion a short answer to the Query as to _Pylades +and Corinna_ before DR. MAITLAND'S communication was printed; but as it now +appears more distinctly what was the object of the Query, I can address +myself more directly to the point he has raised. And, in the first place, I +cannot suppose that Defoe had anything to do with _Pylades and Corinna_, or +the _History of Formosa_. In all Defoe's fictions there is at least some +trace of the master workman, but in neither of these works is there any +putting forth of his power, or any similitude to his manner or style. When +the _History of Formosa_ appeared (1704), he was ingrossed in politics, and +was not, as far as any evidence has yet informed us, in the habit of +translating or doing journeyman work for booksellers. Then the book itself +is, in point of composition, far beneath Defoe, even in his most careless +moods. As to _Pylades and Corinna_, Defoe died so soon after Mrs. +Thomas--she died on the 3rd February, 1731, and he on the 24th April +following, most probably worn out by illness--that time seems scarcely +afforded for getting together and working up the materials of the two +volumes published. The editor, who signs himself "Philalethes," dates his +Dedication to the first volume, in which are contained the particulars +about Psalmanazar, "St. John Baptist, 1731," which day would be after +Defoe's death. Nor is there any ground for supposing that Defoe and Curll +had much connexion as author and publisher. Curll only printed two works of +Defoe, as far as I have been able to discover, the _Memoirs of Dr. +Williams_ (1718, 8vo.), and the _Life of Duncan Campbell_ (1720, 8vo.), and +for his doing so, in each case, a good reason may be given. As regards the +genuineness of the correspondence in _Pylades and Corinna_, I do not see +any reason to question it. Sir Edward Northey's certificate, and various +little particulars in the letters themselves, entirely satisfy me that the +correspondence is not a fictitious one. The anecdotes of Psalmanazar are +quite in accordance with his own statements in his Life--(see particularly +p. 183., _Memoirs_, 1765, 8vo.); and if they were pure fiction, is it not +likely that, living in London at the time when they appeared, he would have +contradicted them? In referring (Vol. vii., p. 436., "N. & Q.") to the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ for these anecdotes, I had not overlooked their +having appeared in _Pylades and Corinna_, but had not then the latter book +at hand to include it in the reference. DR. MAITLAND considers _Pylades and +Corinna_ "a farrago of low rubbish, utterly beneath criticism." Is not this +rather too severe and sweeping a character? Unquestionably the poetry is +but so-so, and of the poem the greater part might have been dispensed with; +but, like all Curll's collections, it contains some matter of interest and +value to those who do not despise the minutiae of literary investigation. +The Autobiography of the unfortunate authoress (Mrs. Thomas), who was only +exalted by Dryden's praise to be ignominiously degraded by Pope, and "whose +whole life was but one continued scene of the utmost variety of human +misery," has always appeared to me an interesting and rather affecting +narrative; and, besides a great many occasional notices in the +correspondence, which are not without their use, there are interspersed +letters from Lady Chudleigh, Norris of Bemerton, and others, which are not +to be elsewhere met with, and which are worth preserving. + +For Psalmanazar's character, notwithstanding his early peccadilloes, I can +assure DR. MAITLAND that I have quite as high a respect as himself, even +without the corroborative evidence of our great moralist, which on such a +subject may be considered as perfectly conclusive. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * {552} + + +ROBERT WAUCHOPE, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 66.) + +This prelate seems to have been a cadet of the family of Wauchope, of +Niddry, or Niddry Marischall, in the county of Midlothian, to which family +once belonged the lands of Wauchopedale in Roxburghshire. The exact date of +his birth I have never been able to discover, nor which "laird of Niddrie" +he was the son of. Robert was a favourite name in the family long before +his time, as is evidenced by an inscription at the entry to a burial chapel +belonging to the family to this effect: "This tome was Biggit Be Robert +Vauchop of Niddrie Marchal, and interit heir 1387." I am at present out of +reach of all books of reference, and have only a few manuscript memoranda +to direct further research; and these memoranda, I am sorry to say, are not +so precise in their reference to chapter and verse as they ought to be. + +According to these notes, mention is made of Robert Wauchope, doctor of +Sorbonne, by Leslie, bishop of Ross, in the 10th book of his _History_; by +Labens, a Jesuit, in the 14th tome of his _Chronicles_; by Cardinal +Pallavicino, in the 6th book of his _Hist. Conc. Trid._; by Fra Paolo +Sarpi, in his _Hist. Conc. Trid._ Archbishop Spottiswood says that he died +in Paris in the year 1551, "much lamented of all the university," on his +return home from one of his missions to Rome. + +One of my notes, taken from the _Memoirs of Sir James Melville_, I shall +transcribe, as it is suggestive of other Queries more generally +interesting. The date is 1545: + + "Now the ambassador met in a secret part with Oneel(?) and his + associates, and heard their offers and overtures. And the patriarch of + Ireland did meet him there, who was a Scotsman born, called Wauchope, + and was blind of both his eyes, and yet had been divers times at Rome + by post. He did great honour to the ambassadour, and conveyed him to + see St. Patrick's Purgatory, which is like an old coal pit which had + taken fire, by reason of the smoke that came out of the hole." + +Query 1. What was the secret object of the ambassador? + +Query 2. Has St. Patrick's Purgatory any existence at the present time? + +D. W. S. P. + + * * * * * + + +SEAL OF WILLIAM D'ALBINI. + +(Vol. vii., p. 452.) + +The curious article of your correspondent SENEX relative to this seal, as +described and figured in Barrett's _History of Attleburgh_, has a peculiar +interest as connected with the device of a man combating a lion. + +The first time I saw this device was in a most curious MS. on "Memorial +Trophies and Funeral Monuments, both in the old Churches of London before +the Fire, and the Churches and Mansions in many of the Counties of +England." The MS. is written by Henry St. George, and will be found in +Lansd. MSS. 874. The arms and tombs are all elaborately and carefully +drawn, with their various localities, and the epitaphs which belong to +them; and the whole is accompanied with an Index of Persons, and another of +Places. + +At p. 28. this device of a man combating a lion is represented associated +with a shield of arms of many quarterings, showing the arms and alliances +of the royal family of Stuart, and is described as having formed the +subject of a window in the stewards house adjoining the church of St. +Andrew's, Holborn. In the _Catalogue of the Lansdowne MSS._ is a long and +interesting note on this device, with references to the various works where +it may be found, to which I have had access at the Museum, and find them +correct, and opening a subject for investigation of a most curious kind. + +The figure of the knight, in this drawing, differs considerably from that +on Dr. Barrett's seal. He is here represented on foot, dressed in the chain +mail and tunic of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, with a close-barred +helmet, with a broad flat crown, such as was worn in France in the time of +Louis IX., called St. Louis. The lion is in the act of springing upon him, +and he is aiming a deadly blow at him with a ragged staff, as his sword +lies broken at his feet. The figure is represented as fighting on the green +sward. From a cloud over the lion proceeds an arm clothed in chain mail, +and holding in the hand, suspended by a baldrick, a shield bearing the arms +of France (modern[3])--Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or. On a scutcheon of +pretence in the centre, Argent, a lion ramp. gules, debruised with ragged +staff, proper. This device forms the 1st quarter of the quarterings of the +Stuart family. + +In this device there is no figure of a lizard, dragon, or chimera, +whichever it is, under the horse's feet, as represented in the seal of +D'Albini. + +I could much extend this reply, by showing the antiquity of this device, +which by a long process of investigation I have traced as connected with +the legendary songs of the troubadours; but I think I have said sufficient +for the present, in reply to SENEX. + +In addition to the above, I may mention a seal of a somewhat similar +character to that of D'Albini, representing a knight on horseback, with his +sword in his hand, and his shield of arms, which are also on the housings +of the horse, under whose feet is the dragon: on the reverse is the {553} +combat of the knight with the lion. The knight is holding his shield in +front, and holding his sword in his left hand. This seal is that of Roger +de Quincy, earl of Winchester, and appended to a deed "M.CC. Quadrigresimo +Quinto." It occurs in Harl. MSS. 6079. p. 127. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +[Footnote 3: I say _modern_, for the ancient arms of France were Azure, +semee of fleurs-de-lis, as they are represented in old glass, when +quartered with those of England by our Henries and Edwards.] + +Pray request SENEX to withdraw every word he has said about me. I do not +recollect that I ever said or wrote a word about the Seal of William +D'Albini; and I cannot find that my name occurs in Dr. Barrett's volume. + +EDW. HAWKINS. + + * * * * * + + +"WILL" AND "SHALL." + +(Vol. vii., p. 356.) + +The difficulty as to the proper use of the auxiliaries _shall_ and _will_, +will be found to arise from the fact, that while these particles +respectively convey a different idea in the _first_ person singular and +plural, from that which they imply in the _second_ and _third_ persons +singular and plural, the distinction has been lost sight of in the +amalgamation of _both_; as if they were interchangeable, in _one_ tense, +according to the old grammatical formula _I shall_ or _will_. With a view +of giving my own views on the subject, and attempting to supply what +appears to me a grammatical deficiency, I shall proceed to make a few +remarks; from which I trust your Hong Kong correspondent W. T. M. may be +able to form "a clear and definite rule," and students of English assisted +in their attempts to overcome this formidable conversational "shibboleth." + +The fact is simply thus:--_Will_ is _volitive_ in the _first_ persons +singular and plural; and simply _declarative_ or _promissory_ in the +_second_ and _third_ persons singular and plural. _Shall_, on the other +hand, is _declaratory_ or _promissory_ in the _first_ person singular and +plural; _volitive_ in the _second_ and _third_ singular and plural. Thus, +the so-called future is properly divisible into _two_ tenses: the _first_ +implying _influence_ or _volition_; the _second_ (or future proper) +_intention_ or _promise_. Thus: + + 1. 2. + + I _will_ go. I _shall_ go. + Thou _shalt_ go. Thou _wilt_ go. + He _shall_ go. He _will_ go. + We _will_ go. We _shall_ go. + You _shall_ go. You _will_ go. + They _shall_ go. They _will_ go. + +When the above is thoroughly comprehended by the pupil, it will be only +necessary to impress upon his mind (as a concise rule) the necessity of +making use of a different auxiliary in speaking of the future actions of +_others_, when he wishes to convey the same idea respecting _such actions_ +which he has done, or should do, in speaking of his _own_, and _vice +versa_. Thus: + + I _will_ go, and you _shall_ accompany me. + +(_i. e._ it is my _wish_ to go, and also that you shall accompany me.) + + I _shall_ go, and you _will_ accompany me. + +(_i. e._ it is my _intention_ to go; and believe, or know, that it is your +_intention_ to accompany me.) + +The philosophical reason for this distinction will be evident, when we +reflect upon the various ideas produced in the mind by the expression of +either _volition_ or mere _intention_ (in so far as the latter is +distinguishable from active _will_) with regard to _our own_ future +actions, and the same terms with reference to the future actions of +_others_. It will be seen that a mere _intention_ in the _first_ person, +becomes _influence_ when it extends to the _second_ and _third_; we know +nothing, _a priori_ (as it were) of the _intentions_ of others, except in +so far as we may have the power of _determining_ them. When I say "_I_ +shall go" (_j'irai_), I merely express an _intention_ or _promise_ to go; +but if I continue "_You_ and _they_ shall go," I convey the idea that _my_ +intention or promise is operative on _you_ and _them_; and the terms which +I thus use become unintentionally influential or expressive of an extension +of _my_ volition to the actions of _others_. Again, the terms which I use +to signify _volition_, with reference to _my own_ actions, are but +_declaratory_ or _promissory_ when I speak of _your_ actions, or those of +_others_. I am conscious of _my own_ wish to go; but _my_ wish not +influencing _you_, I do, by continuing the use of the same auxiliary, but +express my belief or knowledge that _your_ wish is, or will be, coincident +with _my own_. When I say "I will go" (_je veux aller_), I express a desire +to go; but if I add, "_You_ and _they_ will go," I simply promise on behalf +of _you_ and _them_, or express _my_ belief or knowledge that _you_ and +_they_ will also desire to go. + +It is not unworthy of note, that the nice balance between _shall_ and +_will_ is much impaired by the constant use of the ellipse, "I'll, you'll," +&c.; and that _volition_ and _intention_ are, to a great extent, +co-existent and inseparable in the _first_ person: the metaphysical reasons +for this do not here require explanation. + +I am conscious that I have not elucidated this apparently simple, but +really complex question, in so clear and concise a manner as I could have +wished; but, feeling convinced that my principle at least is sound, I leave +it, for better consideration, in the hands of your correspondent. + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + +Brightland's rule is,-- + + "In the first person simply _shall_ foretells; + In _will_ a threat or else a promise dwells: + {554} + _Shall_ in the second and the third does threat; + _Will_ simply then foretells the coming feat." + +(See T. K. Arnold's _Eng. Gram. for Classical Schools_, 3rd edit., p. 41.; +Mitford, _Harmony of Language_; and note 5. in Rev. R. Twopeny's +_Dissertations on the Old and New Testament_.) + +The inconsistency in the use of _shall_ and _will_ is best explained by a +doctrine of Mr. Hare's (J. C. H.), the _usus ethicus_ of the future. (See +_Cambridge Philological Museum_, vol. ii. p. 203., where the subject is +mentioned incidentally, and in illustration; and Latham's _English +Language_, 2nd edit., p. 498., where Mr. Hare's hypothesis is given at +length. Indeed, from Latham and T. K. Arnold my Note has been framed.) + +F. S., B. A. + +Lee. + + * * * * * + + +INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 127.) + +Your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS, at p. 127. of the current volume of "N. & +Q.," gives several forms of inscriptions in books. The following may prove +interesting to him, if not to the generality of your readers. + +A MS. preserved in the Bibliotheque Sainte Genevieve--it appears to have +been the cellarer's book of the ancient abbey of that name, and to have +been written about the beginning of the sixteenth century--bears on the +fly-sheet the name of "Mathieu Monton, religieux et celerier de l'eglise de +ceans," with the following verses: + + "Qui ce livre cy emblera, + Propter suam maliciam + Au gibet pendu sera, + Repugnando superbiam + Au gibet sera sa maison, + Sive suis parentibus, + Car ce sera bien raison, + Exemplum datum omnibus." + +An Ovid, printed in 1501, belonging to the Bibliotheque de Chinon, has the +following verses: + + "Ce present livre est a Jehan Theblereau. + + "Qui le trouvera sy lui rende: + Il lui poyra bien le vin + Le jour et feste Sainct Martin, + Et une mesenge a la Sainct Jean, + Sy la peut prendre. + + "Tesmoin mon synet manuel, cy mis le x^e jour de avril mil v^c trente + et cyns, apres Pasque." + +Here follows the paraphe. + +School-boys in France write the following lines in their books after their +names, and generally accompany them with a drawing of a man hanging on a +gibbet: + + "Aspice Pierrot pendu, + Quod librum n'a pas rendu; + Pierrot pendu non fuisset, + Si librum reddidisset." + +English school-boys use these forms: + + "Hic liber est meus + Testis est Deus. + Si quis furetur + A collo pendetur + Ad hunc modum." + +This is always followed by a drawing of a gibbet. + + "John Smith, his book. + God give him grace therein to look; + Not only look but understand, + For learning is better than house or land. + When house and land are gone and spent, + Then learning is most excellent." + + "John Smith is my name, + England is my nation, + London is my dwelling-place, + And Christ is my salvation. + When I am dead and in my grave, + And all my bones are rotten, + When this you see, remember me, + When I am 'most forgotten." + + "Steal not this book, my honest friend, + For fear the gallows should be your end, + And when you're dead the Lord should say, + Where is the book you stole away?" + + "Steal not this book for fear of shame, + For under lies the owner's name: + The first is JOHN, in letters bright, + The second SMITH, to all men's sight; + And if you dare to steal this book, + The devil will take you with his hook." + +HONORE DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + +I forward you the following inscription, which I met with in an old copy of +Caesar's _Commentaries_ (if I remember rightly) at Pontefract, Yorkshire: + + "Si quis hunc librum rapiat scelestus + Atque scelestis manibus reservet + Ibit ad nigras Acherontis undas + Non rediturus." + +F. F. G. (Oxford). + + * * * * * + + +BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING." + +(Vol. vii., p.493.) + +I have to thank L. for his notice of my edition of the _Advancement of +Learning_, as well as for the information which he has given me, of which I +hope to have an early opportunity of availing myself. As he expresses a +hope that it may be followed by similar editions of other of Bacon's works, +I may state that the _Essays_, with the _Colours of Good and Evil_, are +already printed, and will be issued very shortly. I am quite conscious that +the references in the margin are by no means complete: indeed, as I had +only _horae subsecivae_ to give to the work, I did not attempt to make them +so. {555} But I thought it might be useful to give a general indication of +the sources from which the writer drew, and therefore put in all that I +could find, without the expenditure of a great deal of time. Consequently I +fear that those I have omitted will not be found to be the most obvious. + +I shall be glad to make a few remarks on some of the passages noticed by L. + +P. 25.--Of this piece of carelessness--for which I do not the less feel +that I deserved a rebuke because L. has not administered it--I had already +been made aware by the kindness of a friend. I confess I had never heard of +Osorius, which is perhaps no great matter for wonder; but I looked for his +name both in Bayle and the catalogue of the library of the British Museum, +and by some oversight missed it. I have since found it in both. I cannot +help, however, remarking that this is a good example of the advantage of +noting _every_ deviation from the received text. Had I tacitly transposed +three letters of the word in question (a small liberty compared with some +that my predecessors have taken), my corruption of the text might have +passed unnoticed. I have not had much experience in these things; but if +the works of English writers in general have been tampered with by editors +as much as I have found the _Advancement_ and _Essays_ of Lord Bacon to be, +I fear they must have suffered great mutilation. I rather incline to think +it is the case, for I have had occasion lately to compare two editions of +Paley's _Horae Paulinae_, and I find great differences in the text. All this +looks suspicious. + +P. 34.--I spent some time in searching for this passage in Aristotle, but I +could not discover it. I did not look elsewhere. + +P. 60.--In the forthcoming edition of the _Essays_ I have referred to +Plutarch, _Gryll._, 1., which I incline to think is the passage Bacon had +in his mind. The passage quoted from Cicero I merely meant to point out for +comparison. + +P. 146.--The passage quoted is from Sen. _ad Lucil._, 52. + +P. 147.--_Ad Lucil._, 53. + +P. 159.--_Ad Lucil._, 71. + +Two or three other passages from Seneca will be found without any +reference. One of them, p. 13., "Quidam sunt tam umbratiles ut putent in +turbido esse quicquid in luce est," I have taken some pains to hunt for, +but hitherto without success. Another noticeable one, "Vita sine proposito +languida et vaga est," is from _Ep. ad Lucil._, 95. + +For the reference to Aristotle I am much obliged. I was anxious to trace +all the quotations from Aristotle, but could not find this one. + +P. 165.--I cannot answer this question. Is it possible that he was thinking +of St. Augustine? In the _Confessions_, i. 25., we kind the expression +_vinum erroris_. + +P. 177.--No doubt Bacon had read the treatise of Sallust quoted, but my +impression is that he thought the proverb had grown out of the line in +Plautus. + +P. 180.--I have searched again for "alimenta socordiae," as it is quoted in +the _Colours of Good and Evil_, but cannot fix upon any passage from which +I can say it was taken, though there are many which might have suggested +it. One at p. 19. of the _Advancement_, which I missed at first, I have +since met with. It is from the _Cherson._, p. 106. + +THOMAS MARKBY. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Test for a good Lens._--The generality of purchasers of photographic +lenses can content themselves with merely the following rules when they +buy. It ought to be achromatic, _i. e._ consisting of the usual two pieces +of crown and flint glass, that its curves are the most recommended, and +that it is free from bubbles: to ascertain the latter, hold the lens +between the finger and thumb of the right hand, much as an egg-merchant +examines an egg before a strong gas flame, and a little to the right of it; +this reveals every bubble, however small, and another kind of texture like +minute gossamer threads. If these are too abundant, it should not be +chosen; although the best lenses are never altogether free from these +defects, it is on the whole better to have one or two good-sized bubbles +than any density of texture; because it follows, that every inequality will +refract pencils of light out of the direction they ought to go; and as +bubbles do the same thing, but as they do not refract away so much light, +they are not of much consequence. + +I believe if a lens is made as thin as it safely can be, it will be quicker +than a thicker one. I have two precisely the same focus, and one thinner +than the other; the thinner is much the quicker of the two. An apparently +indifferent lens should be tried with several kinds of apertures, till it +will take sharp pictures; but if no size of aperture can make it, or a +small aperture takes a very long time, it is a bad lens. M. Claudet, whose +long experience in the art has given him the requisite judgment, changes +the diameter of his lenses often during the day; and tries occasionally, in +his excellent plan, the places of the chemical focus: by this his time is +always nearly the same, and the results steady. As he is always free in +communicating his knowledge, he will, I think, always explain his method +when he is applied to. The inexperienced photographer is often too prone to +blame his lens when the failure proceeds more from the above causes. The +variation of the chemical focus during a day's work is often the cause of +disappointment: though it does not affect the landscape so much as the +portrait operator. {556} + +If any one has a lens, the chemical and visual focus being different, his +only remedy is M. Claudet's method. And this method will also prove better +than any other way at present known of ascertaining whether a lens will +take a sharp picture or not. If, however, any plan could be devised for +making the solar spectrum visible upon a sheet of paper inside the camera, +it would reduce the question of taking sharp pictures at once into a matter +of certainty. + +All lenses, however, should be tried by the opticians who sell them; and if +they presented a specimen of their powers to a buyer, he could see in a +moment what their capabilities were. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +Bayswater. + +_Photography and the Microscope_ (Vol. vii., p. 507.).--I beg to inform +your correspondents R. I. F. and J., that in Number 3. of the _Quarterly +Journal of Microscopical Science_ (Highley, Fleet Street) they will find +three papers containing more or less information on the subject of their +Query; and a plate, exhibiting two positive photographs from collodion +negatives, in the same number, will give a good idea of what they may +expect to attain in this branch of the art. + +Practically, I know nothing of photography; but, from my acquaintance with +the modern achromatic microscope, I venture to say that photography applied +to this instrument will be of no farther use than as _an assistant to the +draughtsman_. A reference to the plates alluded to will show how +incompetent it is to produce _pictures_ of microscopic objects: any one who +has seen these objects under a good instrument will acknowledge that these +specimens give but a very faint idea of what the microscope actually +exhibits. + +It is unfortunately the case, that the more perfect the instrument, the +less adapted it is for producing photographic pictures; for, in those of +the latest construction, the aperture of the object-glasses is carried to +such an extreme, that the observer is obliged to keep his hand continually +on the fine adjustment, in order to accommodate the focus to the different +_planes_ in which different parts of the object lie. This is the case even +with so low a power as the half-inch object-glasses, those of Messrs. +Powell and Lealand being of the enormous aperture of 65 deg.; and if this is +the case while looking through the instrument when this disadvantage is +somewhat counteracted by the power which the eye has, to a certain degree, +of adjusting itself to the object under observation, how much more +inconvenient will it be found in endeavouring to focus the whole object at +once on the ground glass plate, where such an accommodating power no longer +exists. The smaller the aperture of the object-glasses, in reason, the +better they will be adapted for photographic purposes. + +Again, another peculiarity of the object-glasses of the achromatic +microscope gives rise to a farther difficulty; they are over-corrected for +colour, the spectrum is reversed, or the violet rays are projected beyond +the red: this is in order to meet the requirements of the eye-piece. But +with the photographic apparatus the eye-piece is not used, so that, after +the object has been brought visually into focus in the camera, a farther +adjustment is necessary, in order to focus for the actinic rays, which +reside in the violet end of the spectrum. This is effected by withdrawing +the object-glass a little from the object, in which operation there is no +guide but experience; moreover, the amount of withdrawal differs with each +object-glass. + +However, the inconvenience caused by this over-chromatic correction may, I +think, be remedied by the use of the achromatic condenser in the place of +an object-glass; that kind of condenser, at least, which is supplied by the +_first_ microscopic makers. I cannot help thinking that this substitution +will prove of some service; for, in the first place, the power of the +condenser is generally equal to that of a quarter of an inch object-glass, +which is perhaps the most generally useful of all the powers; and again, +its aperture is, I think, not usually so great as that which an +object-glass of the same power would have; and, moreover, as to correction, +though it is slightly spherically under-corrected to accommodate the +plate-glass under the object, yet the chromatic correction is _perfect_. +The condenser is easily detached from its "fittings," and its application +to the camera would be as simple as that of an ordinary object-glass. + +However, my conviction remains that, in spite of all that perseverance and +science can accomplish, it never will be in the power of the photographer +to produce a picture of an object under the microscope, _equally distinct +in all its parts_; and unless his art can effect this, I need scarcely say +that his best productions can be but useful auxiliaries to the draughtsman. + +I see by an advertisement that the Messrs. Highley supply everything that +is necessary for the application of photography to the microscope. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +In reply to your correspondent J., I would ask if he has any photographic +apparatus? if so, the answer to his question "What extra apparatus is +required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic +microscopic pictures?" would be _None_; but if not, he would require a +camera, or else a wooden conical body, with plate-holder, &c., besides the +ordinary photographic outfit. Part III. of the _Microscopical Journal_, +published by Highley & Son, Fleet Street, will give him all the information +he requires. {557} + +[phi]. (p. 506.) may find a solution of his difficulties regarding the +production of stereoscopic pictures, in the following considerations. The +object of having two pictures is to present to _each eye_ an image of what +it sees in nature; but as the angle subtended by a line, of which the +pupils of the eyes form the extremities, must differ for every distance, +and for objects of varying sizes, it follows there is no _absolute_ rule +that can be laid down as the only correct one. For _distant_ views there is +in nature scarcely any stereoscopic effect; and in a photographic +stereoscopic view the effect produced is not really a representation to the +eye of the _view itself_, but of _a model of such view_; and the apparent +size of the model will vary with the angle of incidence of the two +pictures, being _smaller_ and _nearer_ as the angle increases. I believe +Professor Wheatstone recommends for landscapes 1 in 25, or about half an +inch to every foot. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Cement for Glass Baths._--In reply to numerous inquiries which have +appeared in "N. & Q." relative to a good cement for making glass baths for +photographic purposes, I send a recipe which I copied a year or two ago +from some newspaper, and which seems likely to answer the purpose: I have +not tried it myself, not being a photographer. + +Caoutchouc 15 grains, chloroform 2 ounces, mastic 1/2 an ounce. The two +first-named ingredients are to be mixed first, and after the gum is +dissolved, the mastic is to be added, and the whole allowed to macerate for +a week. When great elasticity is desirable, more caoutchouc may be added. +This cement is perfectly transparent, and is to be applied with a brush +cold. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing._--All persons who have experienced +disappointment in the printing of their positive pictures will feel obliged +by MR. LYTE'S suggestion as to the bath; but as the preparation of the +positive paper has also a great deal to say to the ultimate result, MR. +LYTE would confer an additional obligation if he gave the treatment he +adopts for this. + +I have observed that the negative collodion picture exercises a good deal +of influence on the ultimate colour of the positive, and that different +collodion negatives will give different results in this respect, when the +paper and treatment with each has been precisely the same. Does this +correspond with other persons' experience? + +C. E. F. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416. 507.).--MR. THOMS'S +suggestion, and his quotation in proof thereof from the Chronicler, are +farther verified by the following inscription and verses which I transcribe +from an engraved portrait of the famous jester: + +"Ulenspiegel. + + "Ligt Begraben zu Dom in Flandern in der grosen Kirch, auf dem + Grabister also Likend abgebildet. Starb A^o. 1301." + +These lines are above the portrait, and beneath it are the verses next +following: + + "Tchau _Ulenspiegeln_ hier. Das Bildniss macht dich lachen: + Was wurdst du thun siehst du jhn selber Possen machen? + Zwar _Thyle_ ist ein Bild und _Spiegel_ dieser Welt, + Viel Bruder er verliess; Wir treiben Narretheyen, + In dem uns dunckt, dass wir die grosten Weysen seyen, + Drum lache deiner selbst; diss Blat dich dir vorstellt." + +The portrait, evidently that of a man of large intellect, is very +life-like, and full of animation. He seems to be some fifty years of age or +so; he has a cap, ornamented by large feather, on his head. He is seated in +a chair, has a book in his hand, and is attired in a kind of magisterial +robe bordered with fur. There is a good-humoured roguish twinkle in his +eyes; and I should be inclined to call him, judging from the portrait +before me, an epigrammatist rather than mere vulgar jester. The engraving +is beautifully executed: it has neither date nor place of publication, but +its age may perhaps be determined by the names of the painter (Paulus +Furst) and engraver (P. Troschel). The orthography is by no means of recent +date. I cannot translate the verses to my own satisfaction; and should feel +much obliged if you, MR. EDITOR, or MR. THOMS, would favour the readers of +"N. & Q." with an English version thereof. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club. + +_Lawyers' Bags_ (Vol. vii., pp. 85. 144.).--Colonel Landman is doubtless +correct in his statement as to the colour of barristers' bags; but from the +evidence of A TEMPLAR and CAUSIDICUS, we must place the change from green +to red at some period anterior to the trial of Queen Caroline. In Queen +Anne's time they were _green_. + + "I am told, Cousin Diego, you are one of those that have undertaken to + manage me, and that you have said you will carry a _green bag_ + yourself, rather than we shall make an end of our lawsuit: I'll teach + them and you too to manage."--_The History of John Bull_, by Dr. + Arbuthnot, Part I. ch. xv. + +T. H. KERSLEY, B. A. + +Audlem, Cheshire. + +_"Nine Tailors make a Man"_ (Vol. vi., pp. 390. 563.; Vol. vii., p. +165.).--The origin of this saying is to be sought for elsewhere than in +England only. Le Conte de la Villemarque, in his {558} interesting +collection of Breton ballads, _Barzas-Breiz_, vol. i. p. 35., has the +following passage: + + "Les tailleurs, cette classe vouee au ridicule, en Bretagne, comme dans + le pays de Galles, en Irlande, en Ecosse, en Allemagne et ailleurs, et + qui l'etait jadis chez toutes les nations guerrieres, dont la vie + agitee et errante s'accordait mal avec une existence casaniere et + paisible. Le peuple dit encore de nos jours en Bretagne, _qu'il faut + neuf tailleurs pour faire un homme_, et jamais il ne prononce leur nom, + sans oter son chapeau, et sans dire: 'Sauf votre respect.'" + +The saying is current also in Normandy, at least in those parts which +border on Britany. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be able to +say whether it is to be found in other parts of Europe. + +HONORE DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + +_"Time and I"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 247.).--Arbuthnot calls it a Spanish +proverb. In the _History of John Bull_, we read among the titles of other +imaginary chapters in the "Postscript," that of-- + + "Ch. XVI. Commentary upon the _Spanish_ Proverb, _Time and I against + any Two_; or Advice to Dogmatical Politicians, exemplified in some New + Affairs between John Bull and _Lewis Baboon_." + +T. H. KERSLEY, B. A. + +Audlem, Cheshire. + +_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., pp. 408. 512.).--W. ST. says that William Carr +married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Sing, Bishop of Cork. The name is +Synge, not Sing. The family name was originally Millington, and was changed +to Synge by Henry VIII. or Queen Elizabeth, on account of the sweetness of +the voice of one of the family, who was a clergyman, and the ancestor of +George Synge, Bishop of Cloyne; Edward Synge, Bishop of Ross; Edward Synge, +Archbishop of Tuam; Edward Synge, Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns; Nicholas +Synge, Bishop of Killaloe; the late Sir Samuel Synge Hutchinson, Archdeacon +of Killala; and of the present Sir Edward Synge. + +I cannot find that any of these church dignitaries had a daughter married +to Wm. Carr. Nicholas Synge, Bishop of Killaloe, left a daughter, +Elizabeth, who died unmarried in 1834, aged ninety-nine; but I cannot +discover that either of the other bishops of that family had a daughter +Elizabeth. + +GULIELMUS. + +_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. vii., pp. 262. 440.).--What were these +privileges, and whence was the term derived? + + "Veria, quae et Canfera, vel Campoveria potius dicitur, alterum est + inter oppida hujus insulae, muro et moenibus clausa, situ quidem ad + aquilonem obversa, et in ipso oceani littore: fossam habet, quae + Middelburgum usque extenditur, a qua urbe leucae tantum unius, etc. + + "Estque oppidulum satis concinnum, et mercimoniis florens, maxime + propter commercia navium _Scoticarum_, quae in isto potissimum portu + stare adsueverunt. + + "_Scotorum_ denique, superioribus annis, frequentatione celebris et + _Scoticarum_ mercium, praecipue vellerum ovillorum, stapula, ut vocant, + et emporium esse coepit."--L. Guicciardini, _Belgium_ (1646), vol. ii. + pp. 67, 68. + +Will J. D. S. be so good as to say where he found the "Campvere privileges" +referred to? + +E. + +_Haulf-naked_ (Vol. vii., p. 432.).--The conjecture that _Half-naked_ was a +manor in co. Sussex is verified by entries in _Cal. Rot. Pat._, 11 Edw. I., +m. 15.; and 13 Edw. I., m. 18. Also in _Abbreviatio Rot. Orig._, 21 Edw. +III., _Rot._ 21.; in which latter it is spelt _Halnaked_. + +J. W. S. R. + +St. Ives, Hunts. + +_Old Picture of the Spanish Armada_ (Vol. vii., p. 454.).--Although perhaps +this may not be reckoned an answer to J. S. A.'s Query on this head, I have +to inform you that in the steeple part of Gaywood Church near this town, is +a fine old painting of Queen Elizabeth reviewing the forces at Tilbury +Fort, and the Spanish fleet in the distance. It is framed, and sadly wants +cleaning. + +J. N. C. + +King's Lynn. + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432., &c.).--We have in St. Margaret's +parish a parochial library, which is kept in a room fitted up near the +vestry of the church in this town. + +J. N. C. + +King's Lynn. + +To the list of places where there are parochial libraries may be added +Bewdley, in Worcestershire. There is a small library in the Grammar School +of that place, consisting, if I recollect aright, mainly of old divinity, +under the care of the master: though it is true, for some years, there has +been no master. + +S. S. S. + +In the preface to the _Life of Lord Keeper Guilford_, by Roger North, it +appears that Dudleys youngest daughter of Charles, and granddaughter of +Dudley Lord North, dying,-- + + "Her library, consisting of a choice collection of Oriental books, by + the present Lord North and Grey, her only surviving brother, was given + to the parochial library of Rougham in Norfolk, where it now remains." + +This library then existed in 1742, the date of the first edition of the +work. + +FURVUS. + +St. James's. + +_How to stain Deal_ (Vol. vii., p. 356.).--Your correspondent C. will find +that a solution of {559} asphaltum in boiling turpentine is a very good +stain to dye deal to imitate oak. This must be applied when cold with a +brush to the timbers: allowed to get dry, then size and varnish it. + +The dye, however, which I always use, is a compound of raw umber and a +small portion of blue-black diluted to the shade required with strong size +in solution: this must be used hot. It is evident that this will not +require the preparatory sizing before the application of the varnish. +Common coal, ground in water, and used the same as any other colour, I have +found to be an excellent stain for roof timbers. + +W. H. CULLINGFORD. + +Cromhall, Gloucestershire. + +_Roger Outlawe_ (Vol. vii., p. 332.).--Of this person, who was Lord Deputy +of Ireland for many years of the reign of Edward III., some particulars +will be found in the notes to the _Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler_, +edited for the Camden Society by Mr. Wright, p. 49. There is evidently more +than one misreading in the date of the extract communicated by the REV. +H. T. ELLACOMBE: "die pasche in viiij mense anno B. Etii post ultimum +conquestum hibernia quarto." I cannot interpret "in viiij mense;" but the +rest should evidently be "anno _Regis Edwardi tertii_ post ultimum +conquestum Hiberniae quarto." + +May I ask whether this "last conquest of Ireland" has been noticed by +palaeographers in other instances? + +ANON. + +_Tennyson_ (Vol. vii., p. 84.).--Will not the following account by Lord +Bacon, in his _History of Henry VII._, of the marriage by proxy between +Maximilian, King of the Romans, and the Princess Anne of Britany, +illustrate for your correspondent H. J. J. his last quotation from +Tennyson? + + "She to me + Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf, + At eight years old." + + "Maximilian so far forth prevailed, both with the young lady and with + the principal persons about her, as the marriage was consummated by + proxy, with a ceremony at that time in these parts new. For she was not + only publicly contracted, but stated, as a bride, and solemnly bedded; + and after she was laid, there came in Maximilian's ambassador with + letters of procuration, and in the presence of sundry noble personages, + men and women, put his leg, stripped naked to the knee, between the + espousal sheets," &c. + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Old Fogie_ (Vol. vii., p. 354.).--MR. KEIGHTLEY supposes the term of _old +fogie_, as applied to "mature old warriors," to be "of pure Irish origin," +or "rather of Dublin birth." In this he is certainly mistaken, for the word +_fogie_, as applied to old soldiers, is as well known, and was once as +familiarly used in Scotland, as it ever was or could have been in Ireland. +The race was extinct before my day, but I understand that formerly the +permanent garrisons of Edinburgh, and I believe also of Stirling, Castles, +consisted of veteran companies; and I remember, when I first came to +Edinburgh, of people who had seen them, still talking of "the Castle +fogies." + +Dr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, defines the word "foggie or +fogie," to be first, "an invalid, or garrison soldier," secondly, "a person +advanced in life" and derives it from "Su. G. _fogde_, formerly one who had +the charge of a garrison." + +This seems to me a more satisfactory derivation than MR. KEIGHTLEY'S, who +considers it a corruption or diminutive of _old folks_. + +J. L. + +City Chambers, Edinburgh. + +_Errata corrigenda._--Vol. ii., p. 356. col. 2., near the bottom, for Sir +_William_ Jardine, read Sir _Henry_ Jardine. Sir William and Sir Henry were +very different persons, though the former was probably the more generally +known. Sir H. was the author of the report referred to. + +Vol. vii., p. 441. col. 1. line 15, for _Lenier_ read _Ferrier_. + +J. L. + +City Chambers, Edinburgh. + +_Anecdote of Dutens_ (Vol. vii., pp. 26. 390.).-- + + "Lord Lansdowne at breakfast mentioned of Dutens, who wrote _Memoires + d'un Voyageur qui se repose_, and was a great antiquarian, that, on his + describing once his good luck in having found (what he fancied to be) a + tooth of Scipio's in Italy, some one asked him what he had done with + it, upon which he answered briskly: 'What have I done with it? Le + voici,' pointing to his mouth; where he had made it supplemental to a + lost one of his own."--Moore's _Journal_, vol. iv. p. 271. + +E. H. A. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--In Hone's _Every-day Book_ (vol. +ii. p. 1059.) is the following paragraph:-- + + "EXETER LAMMAS FAIR.--The charter for this fair is perpetuated by a + glove of immense size, stuffed and carried through the city on a very + long pole, decorated with ribbons, flowers, &c., and attended with + music, parish beadles, and the mobility. It is afterwards placed on the + top of the Guildhall, and then the fair commences: on the taking down + of the glove, the fair terminates.--P." + +As to Crolditch, _alias_ Lammas Fair, at Exeter, see Izacke's _Remarkable +Antiquities of the City of Exeter_, pp. 19, 20. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +At Macclesfield, in Cheshire, a large glove was, perhaps is, always +suspended from the outside of the window of the town-hall during the +holding of a fair; and as long as the glove was so suspended, every one was +free from arrest within the {560} township, and, I have heard, while going +and returning to and from the fair. + +EDWARD HAWKINS. + +At Free Mart, at Portsmouth, a glove used to be hung out of the town-hall +window, and no one could be arrested during the fortnight that the fair +lasted. + +F. O. MARTIN. + +_Arms--Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., p. 407.).--The families which bore three +Dane-axes or battle-axes in their coats armorial were very numerous in +ancient times. It may chance to be of service to your Querist A.C. to be +informed, that those of Devonshire which displayed these bearings were the +following: Dennys, Batten, Gibbes, Ledenry, Wike, Wykes, and Urey. + +J. D. S. + +_Enough_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--In Staffordshire, and I believe in the +other midland counties, this word is usually pronounced _enoo_, and written +_enow_. In Richardson's _Dictionary_ it will be found "enough or enow;" and +the etymology is evidently from the German _genug_, from the verb +_genugen_, to suffice, to be enough, to content, to satisfy. The +Anglo-Saxon is _genog_. I remember the burden of an old song which I +frequently heard in my boyish days: + + "I know not, I care not, + I cannot tell how to woo, + But I'll away to the merry green woods, + And there get nuts _enow_." + +This evidently shows what the pronunciation was when it was written. + +J. A. H. + +_Enough_ is from the same root as the German _genug_, where the first _g_ +has been lost, and the latter softened and almost lost in its old English +pronunciation, _enow_. The modern pronunciation is founded, as that of many +other words is, upon an affected style of speech, ridiculed by +Holofernes.[4] The word _bread_, for example, is almost universally called +_bred_; but in Chaucer's poetry and indeed now in Yorkshire, it is +pronounced bre-aed, a dissyllable. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +[Footnote 4: The Euphuists are probably chargeable with this corruption.] + +In Vol. vii., p. 455. there is an inquiry respecting the change in the +pronunciation of the word _enough_, and quotations are given from Waller, +where the word is used, rhyming with _bow_ and _plough_. But though spelt +_enough_, is not the word, in both places, really _enow_? and is there not, +in fact, a distinction between the two words? Does not _enough_ always +refer to _quantity_, and _enow_ to _number_: the former, to what may be +_measured_; the latter, to that which may be _counted_? In both quotations +the word _enough_ refers to _numbers_? + +S. S. S. + +_Feelings of Age_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--A.C. asks if it "is not the +general feeling, that man in advancing years would not like to begin life +again?" I fear not. It is a wisdom above the average of what men possess +that made the good Sir Thomas Browne say: + + "Though I think no man can live well once, but he that could live + twice, yet for my own part I would not live over my hours past, or + begin again the thread of my dayes: not upon Cicero's ground--because I + have lived them well--but for fear I should live them worse. I find my + growing judgment daily instruct me how to be better, but my untamed + affections and confirmed vitiosity make me daily do worse. I find in my + confirmed age the same sins I discovered in my youth; I committed many + then, because I was a child, and, because I commit them still, I am yet + an infant. Therefore I perceive a man may be twice a child before the + days of dotage, and stand in need of AEson's bath before threescore." + +The annotator refers to _Cic._, lib. xxiv. ep. 4.: + + "Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, ut potes, honestissime. + Viximus: floruimus: non vitium nostrum, sed virtus nostra, nos + afflixit. Peccatum est nullum, nisi quod non una animam cum ornamentis + amisimus."--Edit. Orell., vol. iii. part i. p. 335. + +However, it seems probable that Sir Thomas meant that this sentiment is +rather to be gathered from Cicero's writings,--not enunciated in a single +sentence. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Optical Query_ (Vol. vii., p. 430.).--In reply to the optical Query by +H. H., I venture to suggest that a stronger gust of wind than usual might +easily occasion the illusion in question, as I myself have frequently found +in looking at the fans on the tops of chimneys. Or possibly the eyes may +have been confused by gazing on the revolving blades, just as the tongue is +frequently influenced in its accentuation by pronouncing a word of two +syllables in rapid articulations. + +F. F. S. + +Oxford. + +_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vii., p.487.).--Here is another explanation at least +as satisfactory as some of the previous ones: + + "The word _coin_ itself is money struck on the _coin_ or head of the + flattened metal, by which word _coin_ or _head_ is to be understood the + _obverse_, the only side which in the infancy of coining bore the + stamp. Thence the Latin _cuneus_, from _cune_ or _kyn_, the head. + + "This side was also called _pile_, in corruption from _poll_, a head, + not only from the side itself being the _coin_ or _head_, but from its + being impressed most commonly with some head in contradistinction to + the reverse, which, in latter times, was oftenest a cross. Thence the + vulgarism, _cross or pile, poll, head_."--Cleland's _Specimen of an + Etymological Vocabulary_, p. 157. + +A. HOLT WHITE. + +{561} + +_Capital Punishments_ (Vol. vii., pp. 52. 321.).--The authorities to which +W. L. N. refers not being generally accessible, he would confer a very +great obligation by giving the names and dates of execution of any of the +individuals alluded to by him, who have undergone capital punishment in +this country for exercising the Roman Catholic religion. Herein, it is +almost needless to remark, I exclude such cases as those of Babington, +Ballard, Parsons, Garnett, Campion, Oldcorne, and others, their fellows, +who suffered, as every reader of history knows, for treasonable practices +against the civil and christian policy and government of the realm. + +COWGILL. + +_Thomas Bonnell_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--In what year was this person, about +whose published _Life_ J. S. B. inquires, Mayor of Norwich? His name, as +such, does not occur in the lists of Nobbs, Blomefield, or Ewing. + +COWGILL. + +_Passage in the First Part of Faust_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--MR. W. FRASER +will find good illustrations of the question he has raised in his second +suggestion for the elucidation of this passage in _The Abbot_, chap. 15. +_ad fin._ and _note_. + +A few weeks after giving this reference, in answer to a question by EMDEE +(see "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 262.; Vol. ii., p. 47.), I sent in English, for +I am not a German scholar, as an additional reply to EMDEE, the very same +passage that MR. FRASER has just forwarded, but it was not inserted, +probably because its fitness as an illustration was not very evident. + +My intention in sending that second reply was to show that, as in +_Christabel_ and _The Abbot_, the voluntary and _sustained_ effort required +to introduce the evil spirit was of a physical, so in _Faust_ it was of a +mental character; and I confess that I am much pleased now to find my +opinion supported by the accidental testimony of another correspondent. + +It must, however, be allowed that the peculiar wording of the passage under +consideration may make it difficult, if not impossible, to separate +_earnest_ from the _magical_ form in which Faust's command to enter his +room is given. Goethe's intention, probably, was to combine and illustrate +both. + +As proofs of the belief in the influence of the number _three_ in +incantation, I may refer to Virg. _Ecl._ viii. 73--78.; to a passage in +Apuleius, which describes the resuscitation of a corpse by Zachlas, the +Egyptian sorcerer; + + "Propheta, sic propitiatus, herbulam quampiam ter ob os corporis, et + aliam pectori ejus imponit."--Apul. _Metamorph._, lib. ii. sect. 39. + (Regent's Classics); + +and to the rhyming spell that raised the White Lady of Avenel at the Corrie +nan Shian. (See _The Monastery_, chaps. xi. and xvii.) + +C. FORBES. + +_Sir Josias Bodley_ (Vol. vii., p. 357.).--Your correspondent Y. L. will +find some account of the family of Bodley in Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, +edit. 1810, pp. 92-105., and in Moore's _History of Devon_, vol. ii. pp. +220-227. See also "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., pp. 59. 117. 240. + +J. D. S. + +_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word _claret_ is evidently derived +directly from the French word _clairet_; which is used, even at the present +day, as a generic name for the "_vins ordinaires_," of a light and thin +quality, grown in the south of France. The name is never applied but to red +wines; and it is very doubtful whether it takes its appellation from any +place, being always used adjectively--"_vin clairet_," not _vin_ de +_clairet_. I am perhaps not quite correct in stating, that the word is +always used as an adjective; for we sometimes find _clairet_ used alone as +a substantive; but I conceive that in this case the word _vin_ is to be +understood, as we say "du Bordeaux," "du Champagne," meaning "du vin de +Bordeaux," "du vin de Champagne." _Eau clairette_ is the name given to a +sort of cherry-brandy; and lapidaries apply the name _clairette_ to a +precious stone, the colour of which is not so deep as it ought to be. This +latter fact may lead one to suppose that the wine derived its name from +being _clearer_ and lighter in colour than the more full-bodied vines of +the south. The word is constantly occurring in old drinking-songs. A song +of Olivier Basselin, the minstrel of Vire, begins with these words: + + "Beau nez, dont les rubis out coute mainte pipe + De vin blanc et clairet." + +By the way, this song is the original of one in the musical drama of _Jack +Sheppard_, which many of the readers of "N. & Q." may remember, as it +became rather popular at the time. It began thus: + + "Jolly nose, the bright gems that illumine thy tip, + Were dug from the mines of Canary." + +I am not aware that the plagiarism has been noticed before. + +HONORE DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +Now that the season is arriving for the sportsman, angler, yachtsman, and +lover of nature to visit the wild and solitary beauties of _Gamle Norge_, +nothing could be better timed than the pleasant gossiping _Month in +Norway_, by J. G. Holloway, which forms this month's issue of Murray's +_Railway Library_; or the splendidly illustrated _Norway and its Scenery_, +comprising the _Journal of a Tour_ by Edward Price, Esq., and a _Road Book +for Tourists, with Hints to Anglers and Sportsmen_, edited by T. Forster, +Esq., which forms the new number of Bohn's _Illustrated Library_, and {562} +which is embellished with a series of admirable views by Mr. Price, from +plates formerly published at a very costly price, but which, in this new +form, are now to be procured for a few shillings. + +As the Americans have been among the most successful photographic +manipulators, we have looked with considerable interest at a work devoted +to the subject which has just been imported from that country, _The History +and Practice of the Art of Photography, &c._, by Henry H. Snelling, _Fourth +Edition_; and though we are bound to admit that it contains many hints and +notes which may render it a useful addition to the library of the +photographer, we still must pronounce it as a work put together in a loose, +unsatisfactory manner, and as being for the most part a compilation from +the best writers in the Old World. + +When Dr. Pauli's _Life of Alfred_ made its appearance it received, as it +deserved, our hearty commendation. We have now to welcome a translation of +it, which has just been published in Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_,--_The +Life of Alfred the Great, translated from the German of Dr. Pauli; to which +is appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, with a literal English +Translation, and an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and Glossary by_ Benjamin Thorpe; +and it speaks favourably for the spread of the love of real learning, that +it should answer the publisher's purpose to put forth such a valuable book +in so cheap and popular a form. Mr. Thorpe's scholarship is too well known +to require recognition at our hands. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in +England, by_ J. Y. Akerman. The present number contains coloured engravings +of the _Umbo of Shield and Weapons found at Driffield_, and of a _Bronze +Patera from a Cemetery at Wingham, Kent_.--_Gervinus' Introduction to the +History of the Nineteenth Century_. Apparently a carefully executed +translation of Dr. Gervinus' now celebrated brochure issued by Mr. Bohn; +who has, in his _Standard Library_, given us a new edition of _De Lolme on +the Constitution_, with notes by J. Macgregor, M.P.; and in his _Classical +Library_ a translation by C. D. Yonge of _Diogenes Laertius' Lives and +Opinions of the Ancient Philosophers_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WALKER'S LATIN PARTICLES. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such +title). + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +* * * _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +* * * Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We are compelled to postpone until next week many interesting articles +which are in type, and many Replies to Correspondents._ + +MR. RILEY'S _Reply to the_ REV. MR. GRAVES' _notice of_ Hoveden _did not +reach us in time for insertion this week._ + +I. A. N. (93rd Highlanders.) _Several correspondents, as well as yourself, +complain of the difficulty of obtaining amber varnish. There are several +Eastern gums which much resemble amber, as also a substance known as +"Highgate resin." Genuine amber, when rubbed together, emits a very +fragrant odour similar to a fresh lemon, and does not abrade the surface. +The fictitious amber, on the contrary, breaks or becomes rough, and has a +resinous turpentine-like smell. Genuine amber is to be obtained generally +of the tobacconists, who have often broken mouth-pieces by them: old +necklaces, now out of use, are sold at a very moderate price by the +jewellers. The amber of commerce, used in varnish-making, contains so much +impurity that the waste of chloroform renders it very undesirable to use. +The amber should be pounded in a mortar, and, to an ounce by_ measure _of +chloroform, add a drachm and a half of amber (only about one-fourth of it +will be dissolved), and this requires two days' maceration. It should be +filtered through fine blotting-paper. Being so very fluid, it runs most +freely over the collodion, and, when well prepared and applied, renders the +surface so hard, and so much like the glass, that it is difficult to know +on which side of the glass the positive really is. The varnish is to be +obtained properly made at from_ 2s. _to_ 2s. 6d. _per ounce; and although +this appears dear, it is not so in use, so very small a portion being +requisite to effectually cover a picture; and the effects exceed every +other application with which we are acquainted,--to say nothing of its_ +instantaneously _becoming hard, in itself a most desirable requisite._ + +---- (Islington). _Your note has been mislaid, but in all probability the +spots in your collodion would be removed by dipping into the bottle a small +piece of iodide of potassium. Collodion made exactly as described by_ DR. +DIAMOND _in_ "N. & Q.," _entirely answers our expectations, and we prefer +it, for our own use, to any we have ever been able to procure._ + +J. M. S. (Manchester) _shall receive a private communication upon his +Photographic troubles. We must, however, refer him to our advertising +columns for pure chemicals. Ether ought not to exceed_ 5s. 6d. _the pint of +twenty ounces._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, + +PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the Catalogue of Manuscripts in Gonville and +Caius College Library. Selected by the REV. J. J. SMITH. Being Facsimiles +of Illumination, Text, and Autograph, done in Lithograph, 4to. size, with +Letter-press Description in 8vo., as Companion to the published Catalogue, +price 1l. 4s. + +A few copies may be had of which the colouring of the Plates is more highly +finished. Price 1l. 10s. + +Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON. + +London: GEORGE BELL. + + * * * * * + + +OFFICERS' BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING. + +HEAL & SON beg to call the Attention of Gentlemen requiring Outfits to +their large stock of Portable Bedsteads, Bedding, and Furniture, including +Drawers, Washstands, Chairs, Glasses, and every requisite for Home and +Foreign Service. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &C.--A Lady residing within an +hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most healthy and cheerful +situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge of a little girl, to +share with her only child (about a year and a half old) her maternal care +and affection, together with the strictest attention to mental training. +Terms, including every possible expense except medical attendance, 100l. +per annum. If required, the most unexceptionable references can be +furnished. + +Address to T. B. S., care of MR. BELL, Publisher, 186, Fleet Street. {563} + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to +Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock, +under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been +connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres', La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make, Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 241/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next +Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, +London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank: +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _L s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +WINSLOW HALL, BUCKS. + +DR. LOVELL'S SCHOLASTIC ESTABLISHMENT (exclusively for the Sons of +Gentlemen) was founded at Mannheim in 1836, under the Patronage of H. R. H. +the GRANDE DUCHESSE STEPHANIE of Baden, and removed to Winslow in 1848. The +Course of Tuition includes the French and German Languages, and all other +Studies which are Preparatory to the Universities, the Military Colleges, +and the Army Examination. The number of Pupils is limited to Thirty. The +Principal is always in the Schoolroom, and superintends the Classes. There +are also French, German, and English resident Masters. Prospectus and +References can be had on application to the Principal. {564} + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, May 28, contains Articles on + + Agriculture, history of + Agricultural machinery, by Mr. Mechi + ---- statistics, by Mr. Watson + Birds, names of, by Mr. Holt + Bottles, preserve, by Mr. Cuthill + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Chemical work nuisance + Dahlia, the, by Mr. M^cDonald + Draining swamps, by Mr. Dumolo + Drill seeding, advantages of + Dropmore Gardens + Exhibition of 1851, estate purchased by commissioners of (with engraving) + Frost, plants injured by, by Mr. Whiting + Gardening, kitchen + Grapes, colouring of + Heating, gas, (with engraving) + Land, transfer of + Law relating to land + ---- of leases, by Dr. Mackenzie + ---- of fixtures, French + Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Society's Journal, rev. + Machinery, agricultural, by Mr. Mechi + Mangold wurzel, by Mr. Watson + Musa Cavendishi + Pipes, to coat, by Dr. Angus Smith + Potatoes, curl in + Potato disease + Preserves, bottles for, by Mr. Cuthill + Rhubarb wine, by Mr. Cuthill + Root, crops on clay, by Mr. Wortley + Royal Botanic Society, report of exhibition + Seeding, advantages of drill + Siphocampylus betulifolius + Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, Linnean, National + Floricultural, Agricultural of England + Sparkenhoe Farmers' Club + Statistics, agricultural, by Mr. Watson + Swamps, to drain, by Mr. Dumolo + Tulips, Groom's + Vegetables, culture of + Water-pipe coating, by Dr. Angus Smith + Winter, effects of, by Mr. Whiting + Woods, management of + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, Part III. of + +LILLY'S CATALOGUE, containing a most extraordinary COLLECTION of RARE and +CURIOUS BLACK-LETTER ENGLISH BOOKS, printed in the Fifteenth Century, +particularly rich in Theology and Works relating to Controversial Theology, +and Historical Books, relating to the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and James I. +on the Jesuits, Seminary Priests, Roman Catholics, Mary Queen of Scots, +Martin Mar-Prelate Tracts, &c. &c., during this eventful period. Also, a +COLLECTION of HISTORICAL and ANTIQUARIAN BOOKS, in ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHY, +HERALDRY, HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, &c. &c., in very fine state, in fine old +Russia and calf gilt bindings; besides a Selection of Rare and Curious +Books in English and Miscellaneous Literature, on sale, at the very +moderate prices affixed, by J. LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, +London. + +The Catalogue will be forwarded to any Gentleman on the receipt of two +postage stamps; or the whole of Lilly's Catalogues for 1853 on the receipt +of twelve postage stamps. + +*** J. LILLY would most respectfully beg the attention of Collectors and +Literary Gentlemen to the above Catalogue. + + * * * * * + + +NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient British +History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. 8vo., pp. 448, with Engravings, 15s. +cloth. + +A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIALISMS in Use in the County of SUSSEX. By W. DURRANT +COPPER, F.A.S. 12mo., 3s. 6d. cloth. + +A FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE; with occasional Remarks on the Emendations of +the Manuscript-Corrector in Mr. Collier's Copy of the Folio, 1632. By the +REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo., 5s. cloth. + +WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Dialect and Manners of the Rustic +Population of that County. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Esq. 12mo., 2s. 6d. +cloth. + +REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England, described +and illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. +Parts I. to V., 4to., 2s. 6d. each. + +*** The Plates are admirably executed by Mr. Basire, and coloured under the +direction of the Author. It is a work well worthy the notice of the +Archaeologist. + +THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW; consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses of, and +Extracts from Curious, Useful, and Valuable Old Books. 8vo. Nos. 1, 2, and +3, 2s. 6d. each. (No. 4., August 1.) + +J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF +FEMALE MUSICIANS, +_Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members._ + +_Patroness_: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. _Vice-Patronesses_: Her +Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of +Cambridge. + +On FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1853, at the HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS, will be +performed, for the Benefit of this Institution, A GRAND CONCERT of Vocal +and Instrumental Music. + +_Vocal Performers_--Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor, +Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame F. Lablache and Madame Clara +Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. Benson, and Signor F. Lablache. Herr Pischek +and Herr Staudigl. + +In the Course of the Concert, Madlle. Clauss will play one of her +celebrated Pianoforte Pieces. The Members of the Harp Union, Mr. T. H. +Wright, Herr Oberthuer, and Mr. H. J. Trust, will perform the GRAND NATIONAL +FANTASIA for THREE HARPS, composed by Oberthuer, as lately played at +Buckingham Palace, by command of Her Majesty. + +THE BAND will be complete in every Department.--_Leader_, Mr. H. Blagrove. +_Conductor_, Mr. W. Sterndale Bennett. + +The Doors will open at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at +Eight precisely. + +Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary +Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One Payment (which +shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to Two Tickets +of Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by +the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will be thankfully received, and +Tickets delivered, by the Secretary, + +MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the Principal +Music-sellers. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JUNE contains the following articles:--1. The +Daughters of Charles I. 2. The Exiled Royal Family of England at Rome in +1736. 3. The Philopseudes of Lucian. 4. History of the Lead Hills and Gold +Regions of Scotland. 5. Survey of Hedingham Castle in 1592 (with two +Plates). 6. Layard's Discoveries in Nineveh and Babylon (with Engravings). +7. Californian and Australian Gold. 8. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: +Establishment of the Cloth Manufacture in England by Edward III.--St. +James's Park.--The Meaning of "Romeland."--The Queen's and Prince's +Wardrobes in London.--The Culture of Beet-root.--With Notes of the Month, +Reviews of New Publications, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including +Memoirs of Rear-Adm. Sir T. Fellowes, General Sir T. G. Montresor, +Lieut.-Gen. Sir Walter Gilbert, the Dean of Peterborough, Professor +Scholefield, James Roche, Esq., George Palmer, Esq., Andrew Lawson, Esq., +W. F. Lloyd, Esq., &c. &c. Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +MR. PARKER'S NEW MAGAZINE. + +THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.--NO. II. JUNE. + + CONTENTS. + 1. Public Picture Galleries. + 2. Poems by Alexander Smith. + 3. The Pawnbroker's Window. + 4. Notes and Emendations of Shakspeare. + 5. The Praeraphaelites. + 6. Social Life in Paris--_continued_. + 7. The Rappists. + 8. Colchester Castle. + 9. Cabs and Cabmen. + 10. The Lay of the Hero. + +_Price One Shilling._ + +London: JOHN HENRY PARKER. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + + "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, + 1852._ + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. + + * * * * * + + +RECORD AND LITERARY AGENCY.--The advertiser, who has had considerable +experience in topography and genealogy, begs to offer his services to those +gentlemen wishing to collect information from the Public Record Offices, in +any branch of literature, history, genealogy, or the like, but who, from an +imperfect acquaintance with the documents preserved in those depositories, +are unable to prosecute their inquiries with satisfaction. Address by +letter, prepaid, to W. H. HART, New Cross, Hatcham, Surrey. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 4, +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p. 547 "probably gave no directions about his MSS." - "give" in original + +p. 548 "The Unseen World; Communications with it, real and imaginary, &c., +1850" - date printed as 1550, corrected by subsequent Erratum note + +p. 549 "the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of rain" - "pain" in +the original, the quotation clearly indicates that "rain" is correct + +p. 551 "in neither of these works is there any putting forth of his power" +- "in there any" in original + +p. 553 "it is my intention to go;" - "in is my intention" in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20322.txt or 20322.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/2/20322/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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