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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 9, 2007 [EBook #20322] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. Sections in Greek will yield a transliteration when the pointer is moved over them. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 541 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page541"></a>{541}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 188.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, June</span> 4, 1853.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br /> Stamped Edition + 5d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + +<table class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Corrections adopted by Pope from the Dunces, by James + Crossley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page541">541</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. W. R. + Arrowsmith</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page542">542</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Devonianisms</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page544">544</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Poems of Rowley, by Henry H. Breen</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page544">544</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:—Legend of Llangefelach + Tower—Wedding Divination</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page545">545</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence:—Shakspearian + Drawings—Thomas Shakspeare—Passage in Macbeth, Act I. + Sc. 5.—"Discourse of Reason"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page545">545</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—The MSS. of Gervase + Hollis—Anagrams—Family Caul—Numerous Progeny</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page546">546</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Smith, Young, and Scrymgeour MSS.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page547">547</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mormon Publications, by W. Sparrow Simpson</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page548">548</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor + Queries</span>:—Dimidiation—Early Christian + Mothers—The Lion at Northumberland House—The Cross in + Mexico and Alexandria—Passage in St. James—"The Temple of + Truth"—Santa Claus—Donnybrook Fair—Saffron, when + brought into England—Isping Geil—Humbug—Franklyn + Household Book—James Thomson's Will—"Country Parson's + Advice to his Parishioners"—Shakspeare: Blackstone</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page548">548</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Turkey + Cocks—Bishop St. John—Ferdinand Mendez + Pinto—Satin—Carrier Pigeons</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page550">550</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Pylades and Corinna:" Psalmanazar and Defoe, by James + Crossley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page551">551</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page552">552</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Seal of William d'Albini, by E. G. Ballard, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page552">552</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Will" and "Shall," by William Bates, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page553">553</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Inscriptions in Books, by Honoré de Mareville, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page554">554</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Bacon's "Advancement of Learning," by Thomas Markby</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page554">554</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Test + for a good Lens—Photography and the Microscope—Cement + for Glass Baths—Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page555">555</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor + Queries</span>:—Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel—Lawyers' + Bags—"Nine Tailors make a man"—"Time and I"—Carr + Pedigree—Campvere, Privileges of—Haulf-naked—Old + Picture of the Spanish Armada—Parochial Libraries—How + to stain Deal—Roger Outlawe—Tennyson—Old + Fogie—Errata corrigenda—Anecdote of Dutens—Gloves + at Fairs—Arms: Battle-axe—Enough—Feelings of + Age—Optical Query—Cross and Pile, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page557">557</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page561">561</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>CORRECTIONS ADOPTED BY POPE FROM THE DUNCES.</h3> + + <p>In Pope's "Letter to the Honourable James Craggs," dated June 15, + 1711, after making some observations on Dennis's remarks on the <i>Essay + on Criticism</i>, he says—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Yet, to give this man his due, he has objected to one or two lines + with reason; and I will alter them in case of another edition: I will + make my enemy do me a kindness where he meant an injury, and so serve + instead of a friend."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>An interesting paper might be drawn up from the instances, for they + are rather numerous, in which Pope followed out this very sensible rule. + I do not remember seeing the following one noted. One of the heroes of + the <i>Dunciad</i>, Thomas Cooke, the translator of Hesiod, was the + editor of a periodical published in monthly numbers, in 8vo., of which + nine only appeared, under the title of <i>The Comedian, or Philosophical + Inquirer</i>, the first number being for April, and the last for + December, 1732. It contains some curious matter, and amongst other papers + is, in No. 2., "A Letter in Prose to Mr. Alexander Pope, occasioned by + his Epistle in Verse to the Earl of Burlington." It is very abusive, and + was most probably written either by Cooke or Theobald. After quoting the + following lines as they then stood:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He buys for Topham drawings and designs,</p> + <p>For Fountain statues, and for Curio coins,</p> + <p>Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone,</p> + <p>And books for Mead, and rarities for Sloane,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>the letter-writer thus unceremoniously addresses himself to the + author:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Rarities! how could'st thou be so silly as not to be particular in + the rarities of Sloane, as in those of the other five persons? What + knowledge, what meaning is conveyed in the word <i>rarities</i>? Are not + some drawings, some statues, some coins, all monkish manuscripts, and + some books, <i>rarities</i>? Could'st thou not find a trisyllable to + express some parts of nature for a collection of which that learned and + worthy physician is eminent? Fy, fy! correct and write—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone,</p> + <p>And books for Mead, and butterflies for Sloane.'</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 542 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page542"></a>{542}</span></p> + + <p>"Sir Hans Sloane is known to have the finest collection of butterflies + in England, and perhaps in the world; and if rare monkish manuscripts are + for Hearne only, how can rarities be for Sloane, unless thou specifyest + what sort of rarities? O thou numskull!"—No. 2., pp. + 15—16.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The correction was evidently an improvement, and therefore Pope wisely + accepted the benefit, and was the channel through which it was conveyed; + and the passage accordingly now stands as altered by the + letter-writer.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> p. 522.)</p> + + <p><i>Dare</i>, to lurk, or cause to lurk; used both transitively and + intransitively. Apparently the root of <i>dark</i> and <i>dearn</i>.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Here, quod he, it ought ynough suffice,</p> + <p>Five houres for to slepe upon a night:</p> + <p>But it were for an olde appalled wight,</p> + <p>As ben thise wedded men, that lie and <i>dare</i>,</p> + <p>As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Tyrwhitt's utterly unwarranted adoption of Speght's interpretation is + "<i>Dare</i>, v. Sax. to stare." The reader should always be cautious how + he takes upon trust a glossarist's sly fetch to win a cheap repute for + learning, and over-ride inquiry by the mysterious letters Sax. or + Ang.-Sax. tacked on to his exposition of an obscure word. There is no + such Saxon vocable as <i>dare</i>, to stare. Again, what more frequent + blunder than to confound a secondary and derivative sense of a word with + its radical and primary—indeed, sometimes to allow the former to + usurp the precedence, and at length altogether oust the latter: hence it + comes to pass, that we find <i>dare</i> is one while said to imply + peeping and prying, another while trembling or crouching; moods and + actions merely consequent or attendant upon the elementary signification + of the word:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I haue an hoby can make larkys to <i>dare</i>."</p> + <p class="i1">Skelton's <i>Magnifycence</i>, vol. i. p.269. l. 1358., Dyce's edition;</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>on which line that able, but therein mistaken editor's note is, "<i>to + dare</i>, i. e. to be terrified, to tremble" (he however also adds, it + means to lurk, to lie hid, and remits his reader to a note at p. 379., + where some most pertinent examples of its true and only sense are given), + to which add these next:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" · · let his grace go forward,</p> + <p>And <i>dare</i> vs with his cap, like larkes."</p> + <p class="i1">First Fol., <i>Henry VIII.</i>, Act III, Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thay questun, thay quellun,</p> + <p>By frythun by fellun,</p> + <p>The dere in the dellun,</p> + <p>Thay droupun and <i>daren</i>".</p> + <p class="i1"><i>The Anturs of Arthur at the Tarnewathelan</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">St. IV. p. 3. Camden Society's Publications.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"She sprinkled vs with bitter juice of vncouth herbs, and strake</p> + <p>The awke end of hir charmed rod vpon our heades, and spake</p> + <p>Words to the former contrarie. The more she charm'd, the more</p> + <p>Arose we vpward from the ground on which we <i>darde</i> before."</p> + <p class="i1">The XIIII. Booke of Ouid's <i>Metamorphosis</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">p. 179. Arthur Golding's translation: London, 1587.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Sothely it <i>dareth</i> hem weillynge this thing; that heuenes weren + before," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And again, a little further on:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Forsothe yee moste dere, one thing <i>dare</i> you nougt (or be not + unknowen): for one day anentis God as a thousande yeeris, and a thousande + yeer as one day."—<i>C<sup>m</sup> 3<sup>m</sup> Petre 2.</i>, + Wycliffe's translation:</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>in the Latin Vulgate, <i>latet</i> and <i>lateat</i> respectively; in + the original, <span title="lanthanei" class="grk" + >λανθάνει</span> and <span + title="lanthanetô" class="grk" + >λανθανέτω</span>. Now + the book is before me, I beg to furnish <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span> with the references to his usage of <i>terre</i>, + mentioned in Todd's <i>Dictionary</i>, but not given (Collier's + <i>Shakspeare</i>, vol. iv. p. 65., note), namely, 6th cap. of Epistle to + Ephesians, <i>prop. init.</i>; and 3rd of that to Colossians, <i>prop. + fin.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><i>Die and live.</i>—This <i>hysteron proteron</i> is by no + means uncommon: its meaning is, of course, the same as live and die, + <i>i. e.</i> subsist from the cradle to the grave:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" · · · Will you sterner be.</p> + <p>Than he that <i>dies and lives</i> by bloody drops?"</p> + <p class="i2">First Fol., <i>As You Like It</i>, Act III. Sc. 5.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>All manner of whimsical and farfetched constructions have been put by + the commentators upon this very homely sentence. As long as the question + was, whether their wits should have licence to go a-woolgathering or no, + one could feel no great concern to interfere: but it appears high time to + come to Shakspeare's rescue, when <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> + "clever" old commentator, with some little variation in the letters, and + not much less in the sense, reads "kills" for dies; but then, in the + <i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, Act II. Sc. 3., the same "clever" + authority changes "cride-game (cride I ame), said I well?" into "curds + and cream, said I well?"—an alteration certainly not at odds with + the host's ensuing question, "said I well?" saving that that, to + liquorish palate, might seem a rather superfluous inquiry.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"With sorrow they both <i>die and live</i></p> + <p>That unto richesse her hertes yeve."</p> + <p class="i2"><i>The Romaunt of the Rose</i>, v. 5789-90.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He is a foole, and so shall he <i>dye and liue</i>,</p> + <p>That thinketh him wise, and yet can he nothing."</p> + <p class="i2"><i>The Ship of Fooles</i>, fol. 67., by Alexander Barclay, 1570.</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 543 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page543"></a>{543}</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Behold how ready we are, how willingly the women of Sparta will + <i>die and live</i> with their husbands."—<i>The Pilgrimage of + Kings and Princes</i>, p. 29.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Except in Shakspeare's behalf, it would not have been worth while to + exemplify so unambiguous a phrase. The like remark may also be extended + to the next word that falls under consideration.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p><i>Kindly</i>, in accordance with kind, viz. nature. Thus, the love of + a parent for a child, or the converse, is kindly: one without natural + affection (<span title="astorgos" class="grk" + >ἄστοργος</span>) is + unkind, kindless, as in—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Remorselesse, treacherous, letcherous, <i>kindles</i> villaine."</p> + <p class="i12"><i>Hamlet</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Thence <i>kindly</i> expanded into its wider meaning of general + benevolence. So under another phase of its primary sense we find the + epithet used to express the excellence and characteristic qualities + proper to the idea or standard of its subject, to wit, genuine, thrifty, + well-liking, appropriate, not abortive, monstrous, prodigious, + discordant. In the Litany, "the <i>kindly</i> fruits of the earth" is, in + the Latin versions "genuinus," and by Mr. Boyer rightly translated "les + fruits de la terre chaqu'un selon son espèce;" for which Pegge takes him + to task, and interprets <i>kindly</i> "fair and good," through mistake or + preference adopting the acquired and popular, in lieu of the radical and + elementary meaning of the word. (<i>Anonymiana</i>, pp. 380—1. + Century <span class="sc">viii</span>. No. <span class="sc">lxxxi</span>.) + The conjunction of this adjective with <i>gird</i> in a passage of + <i>King Henry VI</i>. has sorely gravelled <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span>: twice over he essays, with equal success, to expound its + purport. First, <i>loc. cit.</i>, he finds fault with <i>gird</i> as + being employed in rather an unusual manner; or, if taken in its common + meaning of taunt or reproof, then that <i>kindly</i> is said ironically; + because there seems to be a contradiction in terms. (Monck Mason's rank + distortion of the words, there cited, I will not pain the reader's sight + with.) <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> note concludes with a + supposition that <i>gird</i> may possibly be a misprint. This is the + misery! Men will sooner suspect the text than their own understanding or + researches. In Act I. Sc. 1. of <i>Coriolanus</i>, dissatisfied with his + previous note, <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> tries again, and + thinks a <i>kindly gird</i> may mean a gentle reproof. That the reader + may be able to judge what it does mean, it will be necessary to quote the + king's <i>gird</i>, who thus administers a kindly rebuke to the malicious + preacher against the sin of malice, <i>i.e.</i> chastens him with his own + rod:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>King.</i> Fie, uncle Beauford, I have heard you preach,</p> + <p>That mallice was a great and grievous sinne:</p> + <p>And will not you maintaine the thing you teache,</p> + <p>But prove a chief offender in the same?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Warn.</i> Sweet king: the bishop hath a <i>kindly gyrd</i>."</p> + <p class="i1">First Part of <i>King Henry VI.</i>, Act III. Sc. 1. 1st Fol.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>A <i>gird</i>, akin to, in keeping with, fitting, proper to the + cardinal's calling; an evangelical <i>gird</i> for an evangelical man: + what more <i>kindly</i>? <i>Kindly</i>, connatural, homogeneous. But now + for a bushel of examples, some of which will surely avail to insense the + reader in the purport of this epithet, if my explanation does not:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"God in the congregation of the gods, what more proper and + <i>kindly</i>"?—Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 212. <i>Lib. + Ang.-Cath. Theol.</i></p> + + <p>"And that (pride) seems somewhat <i>kindly</i> too, and to agree with + this disease (the plague). That pride which swells itself should end in a + tumour or swelling, as, for the most part, this disease + doth."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 228.</p> + + <p>"And so, you are found; and they, as the children of perdition should + be, are lost. Here are you: and where are they? Gone to their own place, + to Judas their brother. And, as is most <i>kindly</i>, the sons to the + father of wickedness; there to be plagued with him for + ever."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iv. p. 98.</p> + + <p>"For whatsoever, as the Son of God, He may do, it is <i>kindly</i> for + Him, as the Son of Man, to save the sons of men."—<i>Id.</i>, p. + 253.</p> + + <p>"There cannot be a more <i>kindly</i> consequence than this, our not + failing from their not failing: we do not, because they do + not."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 273.</p> + + <p>"And here falls in <i>kindly</i> this day's design, and the visible + 'per me,' that happened on it."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 289.</p> + + <p>"And having then made them, it is <i>kindly</i> that viscera + misericordiæ should be over those opera that came de + visceribus."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 327.</p> + + <p>"The children came to the birth, and the right and <i>kindly</i> + copulative were; to the birth they came, and born they were: in a kind + consequence who would look for other?"—<i>Id.</i>, p. 348.</p> + + <p>"For usque adeo proprium est operari Spiritui, ut nisi operetur, nec + sit. So <i>kindly</i> (proprium) it is for the spirit to be working as if + It work not, It is not."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iii. p. 194.</p> + + <p>"And when he had overtaken, for those two are but presupposed, the + more <i>kindly</i> to bring in <span title="epelabeto" class="grk" + >επελάβετο</span>, + when, I say, He had overtaken them, cometh in fitly and properly <span + title="epilambanetai" class="grk" + >επιλαμβάνεται</span>."—<i>Id.</i>, + vol. i. p. 7.</p> + + <p>"No time so <i>kindly</i> to preach de Filio hodie genito as + hodie."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 285.</p> + + <p>"A day whereon, as it is most <i>kindly</i> preached, so it will be + most <i>kindly</i> practised of all others."—<i>Id.</i>, p. + 301.</p> + + <p>"Respice et plange: first, 'Look and lament' or mourn; which is indeed + the most <i>kindly</i> and natural effect of such a + spectacle."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. ii. p. 130.</p> + + <p>"Devotion is the most proper and most <i>kindly</i> work of + holiness."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iv. p. 377.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps the following will be thought so apposite, that I may be + spared the labour, and the reader the tedium of perusing a thousand other + examples that might be cited:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>And there is nothing more <i>kindly</i> than for them that will be + touching, to be touched themselves, and to <!-- Page 544 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page544"></a>{544}</span> be touched home, in + the same <i>kind</i> themselves thought to have touched + others."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iv. p. 71.<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. R. Arrowsmith</span>. + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p><i>Kindly</i> is quite a pet word with Andrewes, as, besides the + passages quoted, he employs it in nearly the same sense in vol. iii., at + pp. 18. 34. 102. 161. 189. 262. 308. 372. 393. 397.; in vol. i., at pp. + 100. 125. 151. 194. 214.; in vol. ii. at pp. 53. 157. 307. 313. 338. The + same immortal quibbler is also very fond of the word <i>item</i>, using + it, as our cousins across the Atlantic and we in Herefordshire do at the + present day, for "a hint."</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>DEVONIANISMS.</h3> + + <p><i>Miserable.</i>—<i>Miserable</i> is very commonly used in + Devonshire in the signification of <i>miserly</i>, with strange effect + until one becomes used to it. Hooker the Judicious, a Devonshire man, + uses the word in this sense in the <i>Eccl. Polity</i>, book v. ch. lxv. + p. 21.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"By means whereof it cometh also to pass that the mean which is virtue + seemeth in the eyes of each extreme an extremity; the liberal-hearted man + is by the opinion of the prodigal <i>miserable</i>, and by the judgment + of the <i>miserable</i> lavish."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Few.</i>—Speaking of broth, people in Devon say a <i>few + broth</i> in place of a little, or some broth. I find a similar use of + the word in a sermon preached in 1550, by Thomas Lever, Fellow of St. + John's College, preserved by Strype (in his <i>Eccles. Mem.</i>, ii. + 422.). Speaking of the poor students of Cambridge, he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"At ten of the clock they go to dinner, whereas they be content with a + penny piece of beef among four, having a <i>few pottage</i> made of the + broth of the same beef, with salt and oatmeal, and nothing else."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Figs, Figgy.</i>—Most commonly <i>raisins</i> are called + <i>figs</i>, and plum-pudding <i>figgy</i> pudding. So with plum-cake, as + in the following rhymes:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Rain, rain, go to Spain,</p> + <p>Never come again:</p> + <p>When I brew and when I bake,</p> + <p>I'll give you a <i>figgy</i> cake."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Against</i> is used like the classical <i>adversùm</i>, in the + sense of <i>towards</i> or <i>meeting</i>. I have heard, both in + Devonshire and in Ireland, the expression to send <i>against</i>, that + is, to send <i>to meet</i>, a person, &c.</p> + + <p>The foregoing words and expressions are probably provincialisms rather + than Devonianisms, good old English forms of expression; as are, indeed, + many of the so-called Hibernicisms.</p> + + <p><i>Pilm, Farroll.</i>—What is the derivation of + <i>pilm</i>=dust, so frequently heard in Devon, and its derivatives, + <i>pilmy</i>, dusty: it <i>pilmeth</i>? The cover of a book is there + called the <i>farroll</i>; what is the derivation of this word?</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. B. + + <p class="address">Tunbridge Wells. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE POEMS OF ROWLEY.</h3> + + <p>The tests propounded by <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span> (Vol. + vii. p. 160.) with reference to the authenticity of the poems of Rowley, + namely the use of "its," and the absence of the feminine rhyme in + <i>e</i>, furnish additional proof, if any were wanting, that Chatterton + was the author of those extraordinary productions. Another test often + insisted upon is the occurrence, in those poems, of borrowed + thoughts—borrowed from poets of a date posterior to that of their + pretended origin. Of this there is one instance which seems to have + escaped the notice of Chatterton's numerous annotators. It occurs at the + commencement of <i>The Tournament</i>, in the line,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The <i>worlde</i> bie <i>diffraunce</i> ys ynn <i>orderr</i> founde."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It will be seen that this line, a very remarkable one, has been + cleverly condensed from the following passage in Pope's <i>Windsor + Forest</i>:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"But as the <i>world</i>, harmoniously confused,</p> + <p>Where <i>order</i> in variety we see;</p> + <p>And where, tho' all things <i>differ</i>, all agree."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This sentiment has been repeated by other modern writers. Pope himself + has it in the <i>Essay on Man</i>, in this form,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The lights and shades, whose well-accorded strife</p> + <p>Gives all the strength and colour of our life."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It occurs in one of Pascal's <i>Pensées</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"J'écrirai ici mes pensées sans ordre, et non pas peut-être dans une + confusion sans dessein: C'est le véritable ordre, et qui marquera + toujours mon objet par le désordre même."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Butler has it in the line,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"For discords make the sweetest airs."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Bernardin de St. Pierre, in his <i>Etudes de la Nature</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"C'est des contraires que résulte l'harmonie du monde."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And Burke, in nearly the same words, in his <i>Reflections on the + French Revolution</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"You had that action and counteraction, which, in the natural and in + the political world, from the reciprocal struggle of discordant powers, + draws out the harmony of the universe."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Nor does the sentiment belong exclusively to the moderns. I find it in + Horace's twelfth Epistle:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nil parvum sapias, et adhuc sublimia cures,</p> + <p> · · · · · ·</p> + <p>Quid velit et possit rerum concordia discors."</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 545 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page545"></a>{545}</span></p> + + <p>Lucan, I think, has the same expression in his <i>Pharsalia</i>; and + it forms the basis of Longinus's remark on the eloquence of + Demosthenes:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p><span title="'Oukoun tên men phusin tôn epanaphorôn kai asundetôn pantêi phulattei têi sunechei metabolêi? houtôs autôi kai hê taxis atakton, kai empalin hê ataxia poian perilambanei taxin.'" class="grk" + >"Οὐκοῦν τὴν + μὲν φύσιν τῶν + ἐπαναφορῶν + καὶ + ἀσυνδέτων + πάντῃ + φυλάττει τῇ + συνεχεῖ + μεταβολῇ· + οὑτως αὐτῷ + καὶ ἡ τάξις + ἄτακτον, καὶ + ἔμπαλιν ἡ + ἀταξια ποιὰν + περιλαμβάνει + τάξιν."</span></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It may be said that, as Pope adopted the thought from Horace or Lucan, + so a poet of the fifteenth century (such as the supposed Rowley) might + have taken it from the same sources. But a comparison of the line in + <i>The Tournament</i> with those in <i>Windsor Forest</i> will show that + the borrowing embraces not only the thought, but the very words in which + it is expressed.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen</span>. + + <p class="address">St. Lucia. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Legend of Llangefelach Tower.</i>—A different version of the + legend also exists in the neighbourhood, viz. that the day's work on the + tower being pulled down each night by the old gentleman, who was + apparently apprehensive that the sound of the bells might keep away all + evil spirits, a saint, of now forgotten name, told the people that if + they would stand at the church door, and throw a stone, they would + succeed in building the tower on the "spot where it fell," which + accordingly came to pass.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen</span>. + + <p><i>Wedding Divination.</i>—Being lately present on the occasion + of a wedding at a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, I was witness to + the following custom, which seems to take rank as a genuine scrap of + folk-lore. On the bride alighting from her carriage at her father's door, + a plate covered with morsels of bride's cake was flung from a window of + the second story upon the heads of the crowd congregated in the street + below; and the divination, I was told, consists in observing the fate + which attends its downfall. If it reach the ground in safety, without + being broken, the omen is a most <i>un</i>favourable one. If on the other + hand, the plate be shattered to pieces (and the more the better), the + auspices are looked upon as most happy.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Oxoniensis</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Shakspearian Drawings.</i>—I have very recently become + possessed of some curious drawings by Hollar; those relating to + Shakspeare very interesting, evidently done for one Captain John Eyre, + who could himself handle the pencil well.</p> + + <p>The inscription under one is as follows, in the writing of the said J. + Eyre:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye house in ye Clink Streete, Southwarke, now belonging to Master + Ralph Hansome, and in ye which Master Shakspeare lodged in ye while he + writed and played at ye Globe, and untill ye yeare 1600 it was at the + time ye house of Grace Loveday. Will had ye two Rooms over against ye + Doorway, as I will possibly show."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Size of the drawing, 12 × 7, "W. Hollar delin., 1643." It is an + exterior view, beautifully executed, showing very prominently the house + and a continuation of houses, forming one side of the street.</p> + + <p>The second has the following inscription in the same hand:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye portraiture of ye rooms in ye which Master Will Shakspeare lodged + in Clink Streete, and which is told to us to be in ye same state as when + left by himself, as stated over ye door in ye room, and on the walls were + many printed verses, also a portraiture of Ben Jonson with a ruff on a + pannel."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Size of the drawing 11⅝ × 6⅞, "W. Hollar delin., 1643:" + shows the interior of three sides, and the floor and ceiling, with the + tables, chairs, and reading-desk; an open door shows the interior of his + sleeping-room, being over the entrance door porch.</p> + + <p>The third—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye Globe, as to be seen before ye Fire in ye year 1615, when this + place was burnt down. This old building," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here follows a long interesting description. It is an exterior view; + size of drawing 7¼ wide × 9⅞ high, "W. H. 1640."</p> + + <p>The fourth shows the stage, on which are two actors: this drawing, + 7⅞ × 6½, was done by J. Eyre, 1629, and on which he gives a + curious description of his accompanying Prince Charles, &c.; at this + time he belonged to the Court, as he also accompanied that prince to + Spain.</p> + + <p>The fifth, done by the same hand in a <i>most masterly manner</i>, pen + and ink portrait of Shakspeare, copied, as he writes, from a portrait + belonging to the Earl of Essex, with interesting manuscript notice.</p> + + <p>The sixth, done also by J. Eyre:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye portraiture of one Master Ben Jonson, as on ye walls of Master + Will Shakspeare's rooms in Clinke Streete, Southwarke."—J. E. + 1643.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The first three, in justice to Hollar, independent of the admirers of + the immortal bard and lovers of antiquities, should be engraved as + "Facsimiles of the Drawings." This shall be done on my receiving the + names of sixty subscribers, the amount of subscription one guinea, for + which each subscriber will receive three engravings, to be paid for when + delivered.</p> + + <p class="author">P. T. + + <p>P. S.—These curious drawings may be seen at No. 1. Osnaburgh + Place, New Road.</p> + + <p><i>Thomas Shakspeare.</i>—From a close examination of the + documents referred to (as bearing the signature of Thomas Shakspeare) in + my last <!-- Page 546 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page546"></a>{546}</span> communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. + vii., p. 405.), and from the <i>nature</i> of the <i>transaction</i> to + which they relate, <i>my impression</i> is, that he was by profession a + money scrivener in the town of Lutterworth; a circumstance which may + possibly tend to the discovery of his family connexion (if any existed) + with William Shakspeare.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charlecote</span>. + + <p><i>Passage in Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" · · · Come, thick night,</p> + <p>And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,</p> + <p>That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,</p> + <p>Nor heaven peep through the <i>blanket</i> of the dark,</p> + <p>To cry, Hold, hold!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <span class="sc">Mr. Payne Collier's</span> <i>Notes and + Emendations</i>, p. 407., we are informed that the old corrector + substitutes <i>blankness</i> for <i>blanket</i>. The change is to me so + exceedingly bad, even if made on some sort of authority (as an extinct + 4to.), that I should have let it be its own executioner, had not <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> apparently given in his adhesion to it. I + now beg to offer a few obvious reasons why <i>blanket</i> is + unquestionably Shakspeare's word.</p> + + <p>In the <i>Rape of Lucrece</i>, Stanza <span class="sc">cxv</span>., we + have a passage very nearly parallel with that in <i>Macbeth</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O night, thou furnace of foul reeking smoke,</p> + <p>Let not the jealous day behold thy face,</p> + <p>Which underneath thy <i>black all-hiding cloak</i>,</p> + <p>Immodestly lies martyr'd with disgrace."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <i>Lucrece</i>, the <i>cloak</i> of night is invoked to screen a + deed of adultery; in <i>Macbeth</i> the <i>blanket</i> of night is + invoked to hide a murder: but the foul, reeking, smoky cloak of night, in + the passage just quoted, is clearly parallel with the smoky blanket of + night in <i>Macbeth</i>. The complete imagery of both passages has been + happily caught by Carlyle (<i>Sartor Resartus</i>, 1841, p. 23.), who, in + describing night, makes Teufelsdröckh say:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Oh, under that <i>hideous coverlet of vapours, and putrefactions, and + unimaginable gases</i>, what a fermenting-vat lies simmering and + hid!"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>"Discourse of Reason"</i> (Vol. vii., p. 497.).—This phrase, + "generally supposed to be peculiarly Shakspearian," which A. E. B. has + indicated in his quotation from Philemon Holland, occurs also in Dr. T. + Bright's <i>Treatise of Melancholy</i>, the date of which is 1586. In the + third page of the dedicatory epistle there is this sentence:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Such as are of quicke conceit, and delighted in <i>discourse of + reason</i> in naturall things."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here, then, is another authority against Gifford's proposed + "emendation" of the expression as it occurs in <i>Hamlet</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">M. D. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Minor Notes.</h3> + + <p><i>The MSS. of Gervase Hollis.</i>—These were taken during the + reign of Charles I., and continue down to the middle of Charles II. In + Harl. MSS. 6829, will be found a most curious and valuable volume, + containing the painted glass, arms, monuments, brasses, and epitaphs in + the various churches and chapels, &c. throughout the county of + Lincoln. The arms are all drawn in the margin in colours. Being taken + before the civil war, they contain all those which were destroyed or + defaced by the Parliament army. They were all copied by Gough, which he + notices in his <i>Brit. Top.</i>, vol. i. p. 519., but not printed.</p> + + <p>His genealogical collections are contained in a series of volumes + marked with the letters of the alphabet, and comprehended in the + Lansdowne Catalogue under No. 207. The Catalogue is very minute, and the + contents of the several volumes very miscellaneous; and some of the + genealogical notes are simply short memoranda, which, in order to be made + available, must be wrought out from other sources. They all relate more + or less to the county of Lincoln. One of these, called "Trusbut," was + presented to the British Museum by Sir Joseph Banks in 1817, and will be + found in Add. MSS. 6118.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard</span>. + + <p><i>Anagrams.</i>—The publication of two anagrams in your Number + for May 7, calls to my mind a few that were made some years ago by myself + and some friends, as an experiment upon the anagrammatic resources of + words and phrases. A subject was chosen, and each one of the party made + an anagram, good, bad, or indifferent, out of the component letters. The + following may serve as a specimen of the best of the budget that we + made.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. French Revolution.</p> + <p class="i2">Violence, run forth!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>2. Swedish Nightingale.</p> + <p class="i2">Sing high! sweet Linda. (<i>q. d.</i> di Chamouni.)</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>3. Spanish Marriages.</p> + <p class="i2">Rash games in Paris; or, Ah! in a miser's grasp.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>4. Paradise Lost.</p> + <p class="i2">Reap sad toils.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>5. Paradise Regained.</p> + <p class="i2">Dead respire again.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>Family Caul—Child's Caul.</i>—The will of Sir John + Offley, Knight, of Madeley Manor, Staffordshire (grandson of Sir Thomas + Offley, Lord Mayor of London temp. Eliz.), proved at Doctors' Commons + 20th May, 1658, contains the following singular bequest:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Item, I will and devise one Jewell done all in Gold enammelled, + wherein there is a Caul that covered my face and shoulders when I first + came into the world, the use thereof to my loving Daughter the Lady <!-- + Page 547 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page547"></a>{547}</span> + Elizabeth Jenny, so long as she shall live; and after her decease the use + likewise thereof to her Son, Offley Jenny, during his natural life; and + after his decease to my own right heirs male for ever; and so from Heir + to Heir, to be left so long as it shall please God of his Goodness to + continue any Heir Male of my name, desiring the same Jewell be not + concealed nor sold by any of them."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cestriensis</span>. + + <p><i>Numerous Progeny.</i>—The <i>London Journal</i> of Oct. 26, + 1734, contains the following paragraph:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Letters from Holderness, in Yorkshire, mention the following + remarkable inscription on a tombstone newly erected in the churchyard of + Heydon, viz. 'Here lieth the body of William Strutton, of Padrington, + buried the 18th of May, 1734, aged 97, who had by his first wife 28 + children, and by a second wife 17; own father to 45, grandfather to 86, + great-grandfather to 97, and great-great-grandfather to 23; in all + 251.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">T. B. H. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>SMITH, YOUNG, AND SCRYMGEOUR MSS.</h3> + + <p>Thomas Smith, in his <i>Vitæ Illustrium</i>, gives extracts from a + so-called Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young, but which Sir Peter compiled + during the latter years of his life. Thomas Hearne says, in a note to the + Appendix to Leland's <i>Collectanea</i>, that he had had the use of some + of Smith's MSS. This Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young may be worth the + publishing if it can be found: can any of your readers say whether it is + among Smith's or Hearne's MSS., or if it be preserved elsewhere? Peter + Young, and his brother Alexander, were pupils of Theodore Beza, having + been educated chiefly at the expense of their maternal uncle Henry + Scrymgeour, to whose valuable library Peter succeeded. It was brought to + Scotland by Alexander about the year 1573 or 1574, and was landed at + Dundee. It was especially rich in Greek MSS.; and Dr. Irvine, in his + "Dissertation on the Literary History of Scotland," prefixed to his + <i>Lives of the Scottish Poets</i>, says of these MSS. and library, "and + the man who is so fortunate as to redeem them from obscurity, shall + assuredly be thought to have merited well from the republic of letters." + It is much to be feared, however, that as to the MSS. this good fortune + awaits no man; for Sir Peter Young seems to have given them to his fifth + son, Patrick Young, the eminent Greek scholar, who was librarian to + Prince Henry, and, after his death, to the king, and to Charles I. + Patrick Young's house was unfortunately burned, and in it perished many + MSS. belonging to himself and to others. If Scrymgeour's MSS. escaped the + fire, they are to be sought for in the remnant of Patrick Young's + collection, wherever that went, or in the King's Library, of which a + considerable part was preserved. Young's house was burned in 1636, and he + is supposed to have carried off a large number of MSS. from the royal + library, after the king's death in 1649. If therefore Scrymgeour's MSS. + were among these, it is possible that they may yet be traced, for they + would be sold with Young's own, after his death in 1652. This occurred on + the 7th of September, rather suddenly, and he left no will, and probably + <span class="correction" title="'give' in original">gave</span> no + directions about his MSS. and library, which were sold <i>sub hastâ</i>, + probably within a few months after his death, and with them any of the + MSS. which he may have taken from the King's Library, or may have had in + his possession belonging to others. Smith says that he had seen a large + catalogue of MSS. written in Young's own hand. Is this catalogue extant? + Patrick Young left two daughters, co-heiresses: the elder married to John + Atwood, Esq.; the younger, to Sir Samuel Bowes, Kt. A daughter of the + former gave to a church in Essex a Bible which had belonged to Charles + I.; but she knew so little of her grandfather's history that she + described him as Patrick Young, Esq., library keeper to the king, quite + unconscious that he had been rector of two livings, and a canon and + treasurer of St. Paul's. Perhaps, after all, the designation was not so + incorrect, for though he held so many preferments, he never was in + priest's orders, and sometimes was not altogether free from suspicion of + not being a member of the Church of England at all, except as a recipient + of its dues, and of course, a deacon in its orders.</p> + + <p>But it may be worthy of note, as affording another clue by which, + perchance, to trace some of Scrymgeour's MSS., that Sir Thomas Bowes, + Kt., who was Sir Symonds D'Ewes's literary executor, employed Patrick + Young to value a collection of coins, &c., among which he recognised + a number that had belonged to the king's cabinet, and which Sir Symonds + had purchased from Hugh Peters, by whom they had been purloined. Young + taxed Peters with having taken books, and MSS. also, which the other + denied, with the exception of two or three, but was not believed. I do + not know what relation Sir Thomas Bowes was to Sir Samuel, who married + Young's second daughter, nor to Paul Bowes, who edited D'Ewes's + <i>Journals</i> in 1682. It is quite possible that some of Scrymgeour's + MSS. may have fallen into D'Ewes's hands, may have come down, and be + recognisable by some mark.</p> + + <p>As to Scrymgeour's books, it is probable that they were deposited in + Peter Young's house of Easter Seatoun, near to Arbroath, of which he + obtained possession about 1580, and which remained with his descendants + for about ninety years, when his great-grandson sold it, and purchased + the castle and part of the lands of Aldbar. That any very fine library + was removed thither is not probable, especially any bearing Henry <!-- + Page 548 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page548"></a>{548}</span> + Scrymgeour's name; and for this reason, that Thomas Ruddiman was tutor to + David Young, and was resident at Aldbar, and would hardly have failed to + notice, or to record, the existence of any so remarkable a library as + Scrymgeour's, or even of Sir Peter Young's, who was himself an ardent + collector of books, as appears from some of his letters to Sir Patrick + Vans (<i>recte</i> Vaux) which I have seen, and as might be inferred from + his literary tastes and pursuits. There is perhaps reason to believe that + Sir Peter's library did not descend in his family beyond his eldest son, + Sir James Young, who made an attempt to deprive the sons of his first + marriage (the elder of whom died in infancy) of their right of succession + to their grandfather's estates, secured to them under their father's + marriage contract, and which attempt was defeated by their uncle, Dr. + John Young, Dean of Winchester (sixth son of Sir Peter), who acquired + from Lord Ramsay, eldest son of the Earl of Dalhousie, part of the barony + of Baledmouth in Fife. Dean Young founded a school at St. Andrew's, on + the site of which is now built Dr. Bell's Madras College.</p> + + <p>Sir Peter Young the elder, knighted in 1605, has been sometimes + confounded with his third son, Peter, who received his knighthood at the + hands of Gustavus Adolphus, on the occasion of that king being invested + with the Order of the Garter.</p> + + <p>Another fine library (Andrew Melville's) was brought into Scotland + about the same time as Scrymgeour's; and it is creditable to the + statesmen of James's reign that there was an order in the Scotch + exchequer, that books imported into Scotland should be free from custom. + A note of this order is preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the British + Museum; but my reference to the number is not at hand.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">De Camera</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>MORMON PUBLICATIONS.</h3> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents oblige me by supplying particulars of + other editions of the following Mormon works? The particulars required + are the size, place, date, and number of pages. The editions enumerated + below are the only ones to which I have had access.</p> + + <p>1. <i>The Book of Mormon</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>First American edition, 12mo.: Palmyra, 1830, pp. 588., printed by + E. B. Grandin for the author.</p> + + <p>First European edition, small 8vo.: Liverpool, 1841, title, one leaf, + pp. 643., including index at the end.</p> + + <p>Second European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1849. Query number of + pages?</p> + + <p>Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xii. 563.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>2. <i>Book of Doctrine and Covenants</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>First (?) American edition, 18mo.: Kirkland, 1835, pp. 250.</p> + + <p>Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xxiii, 336.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>3. <i>Hymn Book for the "Saints" in Europe</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>Ninth edition, 16mo.: Liverpool, 1851, pp. vii. 379., containing 296 + hymns.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As I am passing through the press two Lectures on the subject of + Mormonism, and am anxious that the literary history and bibliography of + this curious sect should be as complete as possible, I will venture to + ask the favour of an immediate reply to this Query: and since the subject + is hardly of general interest, as well as because the necessary delay of + printing any communication may hereby be avoided, may I request that any + reply be sent to me at the address given below. I shall also be glad to + learn where, and at what price, a copy of the first <i>American</i> + edition of the <i>Book of Mormon</i> can be procured.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.</span> + + <p class="address">14. Grove Road,<br /> North Brixton, Surrey. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Dimidiation.</i>—Is the practice of <i>dimidiation</i> + approved of by modern heralds, and are examples of it common?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>. + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p><i>Early Christian Mothers.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + inform me whether the Christian mothers of the first four or five + centuries were much in the habit of using the rod in correcting their + children; and whether the influence acquired by the mother of St. + Chrysostom, and others of the same stamp, was not greatly owing to their + having seldom or never inflicted corporal punishment on them?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Pater</span>. + + <p><i>The Lion at Northumberland House.</i>—One often hears the + anecdote of a wag who, as alleged, stared at the lion on Northumberland + House until he had collected a crowd of imitators around him, when he + cried out, "By Heaven! it wags, it wags," and the rest agreed with him + that the lion did wag its tail. If this farce really took place, I should + be glad to know the date and details.</p> + + <p class="author">J. P. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>The Cross in Mexico and Alexandria.</i>—In <i>The Unseen + World; Communications with it, real and imaginary, &c.</i>, <span + class="correction" title="'1550' in original, corrected by Erratum note" + >1850</span>, a work which is attributed to an eminent divine and + ecclesiastical historian of the English Church, it is stated + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It was a tradition in Mexico, before the arrival of the Spaniards, + that when that form (the sign of the cross) should be victorious, the old + religion should disappear. The same sign is also said to have been <!-- + Page 549 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page549"></a>{549}</span> + discovered on the destruction of the temple of Serapis at Alexandria, and + the same tradition to have been attached to it."—P. 23.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The subject is very curious, and one in which I am much interested. I + am anxious to refer to the original authorities for the tradition in both + cases. It is known that the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of + <span class="correction" title="'pain' in original, see the following extract" + >rain</span>. We have the following curious account thereof in <i>The + Pleasant Historie of the Conquest of West India, now called Newe + Spayne</i>, translated out of the Spanish tongue by T. N., anno 1578:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"At the foote of this temple was a plotte like a churchyard, well + walled and garnished with proper pinnacles; in the midst whereof stoode a + crosse of ten foote long, the which they adored for god of the rayne; for + at all times wh<span class="over">e</span> they wanted rayne, they would + go thither on procession deuoutely, and offered to the crosse quayles + sacrificed, for to appease the wrath that the god seemed to have agaynste + them: and none was so acceptable a sacrifice, as the bloud of that little + birde. They used to burne certaine sweete gume, to perfume that god + withall, and to besprinkle it with water; and this done, they belieued + assuredly to haue rayne."—P. 41.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock</span>. + + <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton Lindsey. + + <p><i>Passage in St. James.</i>—I hope you will not consider the + following Query unsuited to your publication, and in that case I may + confidently anticipate the removal of my difficulty.</p> + + <p>In reading yesterday Jeremy Taylor's <i>Holy Living and Dying</i>, I + came to this passage (p. 308. Bohn's edition):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"St. James, in his epistle, notes the folly of some men, his + contemporaries, who were so impatient of the event of to-morrow, or the + accidents of next year, or the good or evils of old age, that they would + consult astrologers and witches, oracles and devils, what should befall + them the next calends—what should be the event of such a + voyage—what God had written in his book concerning the success of + battles, the election of emperors, &c.... Against this he opposes his + counsel, that we should not search after forbidden records, much less by + uncertain significations," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Now my Query is, To what epistle of St. James does the eloquent bishop + refer? If to the canonical epistle, to what part? To the words (above + quoted) "forbidden records" there is a foot-note, which contains only the + well-known passage in Horace, lib. i. od. xi., and two others from + Propertius and Catullus.</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S. + + <p><i>"The Temple of Truth."</i>—Who was the author of an admirable + work entitled <i>The Temple of Truth</i>, published in 1806 by + Mawman?</p> + + <p class="author">T. B. H. + + <p><i>Santa Claus.</i>—Reading <i>The Wide Wide World</i> recalled + to my mind this curious custom, which I had remarked when in America. I + was then not a little surprised to find so strange a superstition + lingering in puritanical New England, and which, it is needless to + remark, was quite novel to me. <i>Santa Claus</i> I believe to be a + corruption of <i>Saint Nicholas</i>, the tutelary saint of sailors, and + consequently a great favourite with the Dutch. Probably, therefore, the + custom was introduced into the western world by the compatriots of the + renowned Knickerbocker.</p> + + <p>It is unnecessary to describe the nature of the festivity, as it is so + graphically pourtrayed in Miss Wetherell's, or rather Warner's work, to + which I would refer those desirous of further acquaintance with the + subject; the object of this Query being to learn, through some of the + American or other correspondents of "N. & Q.," the original legend, + as well as the period and events connected with the immigration into "The + States" of that beneficent friend of Young America, <i>Santa + Claus</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Wright</span>. + + <p><i>Donnybrook Fair.</i>—This old-established fair, so well known + in every quarter of the globe, and so very injurious to the morality of + those who frequent it, is said to be held by patent: but is there any + patent for it in existence? If there be, why is it not produced? I am + anxious to obtain information upon the subject.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>. + + <p><i>Saffron, when brought into England.</i>—In a footnote to + Beckmann's <i>History of Inventions, &c.</i>, vol. i. p. 179. + (Bohn's), is the following, purporting to be from Hakluyt, vol. ii. p. + 164.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It is reported at Saffron Walden that a pilgrim, proposing to do good + to his country, stole a head of saffron, and hid the same in his palmer's + staff, which he had made hollow before on purpose, and so he brought this + root into this realm, with venture of his life; for if he had been taken, + by the law of the country from whence it came, he had died for the + fact."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your readers throw any light upon this tradition?</p> + + <p class="author">W. T. + + <p class="address">Saffron Walden. + + <p><i>Isping Geil.</i>—In a charter of Joanna Fossart, making a + grant of lands and other possessions to the priory of Grosmont in + Yorkshire, is the following passage as given in Dugdale's + <i>Monasticon</i> (I quote from Bohn's edition, 1846, vol. vi. p. + 1025.):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Dedi eis insuper domos meas in Eboraco; illas scilicet quæ sunt inter + domos Laurentii clerici quæ fuerunt Benedicti Judæi et <i>Isping + Geil</i>, cum tota curia et omnibus pertinentiis."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your readers, and in particular any of our York + antiquaries, inform me whether the "Isping Geil" mentioned in this + passage is the name of a person, or of some locality in that city now + obsolete? In either case I should be glad of any information as to the + etymology of so singular <!-- Page 550 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page550"></a>{550}</span> a designation, which may possibly have + undergone some change in copying.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Th." class="grk">Θ.</span> + + <p><i>Humbug.</i>—When was this word introduced into the English + language? The earliest instance in which I have met with it is in one of + Churchill's Poems, published about the year 1750.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda</span>. + + <p class="address">Philadelphia. + + <p><i>Franklyn Household Book.</i>—Can any reader inform me in + whose keeping, the Household Book of Sir John Franklyn <i>now</i> is?<a + name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Extracts were + published from it in the <i>Archæologia</i>, vol. xv.</p> + + <p class="author">J. K. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>[Sir John Franklyn's <i>Household Book</i> was in the possession of + Sir John Chardin Musgrave, of Eden Hall, co. Cumberland, who died in + 1806. Some farther extracts, consisting of about thirty items, relating + to archery (not given in the <i>Archæologia</i>) will be found in the + British Museum, Add. MSS. 6316. f. 30. Among other items is the + following: "Oct. 20, 1642. Item, for a pound of tobacco for the Lady + Glover, 12<i>s.</i>" Sir John Franklyn, of Wilsden, co. Middlesex, was + M.P. for that county in the beginning of the reign of Charles I., and + during the Civil Wars.—<span class="sc">Ed</span>.]</p> + +</div> + <p><i>James Thomson's Will.</i>—Did the author of the + <i>Seasons</i> make a will? If so, where is the original to be seen?</p> + + <p class="author">D. + + <p class="address">Leamington. + + <p><i>"Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners."</i>—Could you + inquire through your columns who the author of a book entitled <i>The + Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners</i> is? It was printed for + Benjamin Tooke, at the Ship, in St. Paul's Church Yard, 1680.</p> + + <p>I have a singular copy of this book, and know at present of no other + copy. The booksellers all seem at a loss as to who the author was; some + say Jeremy Taylor, others George Herbert; but my date does not allow the + latter,—at least it makes it very improbable, unless it was + published after his death. The book itself is like George Herbert's + style, very solid and homely; it is evidently by some masterly hand. + Should you be able to give me information, or get it for me, I should be + obliged. I think of reprinting the book.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Nugée</span>. + + <p class="address">Senior Curate of St. Paul's, Wilton Place. + + <p><i>Shakspeare—Blackstone.</i>—In Moore's <i>Diary</i>, + vol. iv. p. 130., he says,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Mr. Duncan mentioned, that Blackstone has preserved the name of the + judge to whom Shakspeare alludes in the grave-digger's + argument?—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'If the water comes to the man,' &c."</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>Will one of your Shakspearian or legal correspondents have the + kindness to name the judge so alluded to, and give a reference to the + passage in Blackstone in which he conveys this information?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ignoramus</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Minor Queries with Answers.</h3> + + <p><i>Turkey Cocks.</i>—Why are Turkey cocks so called, seeing they + were not imported from Turkey?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[This Query did not escape the notice of Dr. Samuel Pegge. He says; + "The cocks which Pancirollus (ii. tit. 1.) mentions as brought from + America, were Turkey cocks, as Salmuth there (p. 28.) rightly observes. + The French accordingly call this bird <i>Coq d'Inde</i>, and from + <i>d'Inde</i> comes the diminutive <i>Dindon</i>, the young Turkey; as if + one should say, 'the young Indian fowl.' Fetching the Turkey from America + accords well with the common notion:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Turkeys, carps, hops, pikarel, and beer,</p> + <p>Came into England all in a year;'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>that is, in the reign of Henry VIII., after many voyages had been made + to North America, where this bird abounds in an extraordinary manner. But + Query how this bird came to be called Turkey? Johnson latinizes it + <i>Gallina Turcica</i>, and defines it, 'a large domestic fowl brought + from Turkey;' which does not agree with the above account from + Pancirollus. Brookes says (p. 144.), 'It was brought into Europe either + from India or Africa.' And if from the latter, it might be called + <i>Turkey</i>, though but improperly."—<i>Anonymiana</i>, cent. x. + 79.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Bishop St. John.</i>—The following passage occurs at vol. iv. + p. 84. of the Second Series of Ellis's <i>Original Letters, Illustrative + of English History</i>. It is taken from the letter numbered 326, dated + London, Jan. 5, 1685-6, and addressed "for John Ellis, Esq., Secretary of + his Majesty's Revenue in Ireland, Dublin:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The Bishop of London's fame runs high in the vogue of the people. The + London pulpits ring strong peals against Popery; and I have lately heard + there never were such eminently able men to serve in those cures. The + Lord Almoner Ely is thought to stand upon too narrow a base now in his + Majesty's favour, from a late violent sermon on the 5th of November. I + saw him yesterday at the King's Levy; and very little notice taken of + him, which the more confirms what I heard. Our old friend the new Bishop + St. John, gave a smart answer to a (very well put) question of his + M—— with respect to him, that shows he is not altogether + formed of court-clay; but neither you nor I shall withdraw either of our + friendship for him on such an account."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>All who know this period of our history, know Compton and Turner; but + who was Bishop St. John?</p> + + <p class="author">J. J. J. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[An error in the transcription. In the manuscript it reads thus: + "Bish<sup>p</sup> S<sup>r</sup> Jon<sup>n</sup>," and clearly refers to + Sir Jonathan Trelawney, Bart., consecrated bishop of <!-- Page 551 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page551"></a>{551}</span> Bristol, Nov. + 8, 1685, translated to Exeter in 1689, and to Winchester in 1707.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Ferdinand Mendez Pinto.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, thou liar of the first + magnitude!"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Where is the original of the above to be found? Was Ferdinand Mendez + Pinto a real or imaginary character?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Inquirens</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[A famous Portuguese traveller, in no good odour for veracity. His + <i>Travels</i> have been translated into most European languages, and + twice published in English. A notice of Pinto will be found in Rose's + <i>Biog. Dict.</i>, s. v.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Satin.</i>—What is the origin of the word <i>satin</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[See Ogilvie and Webster. "Fr. <i>satin</i>; W. <i>sidan</i>, satin or + silk; Gr. and Lat. <i>sindon</i>; Ch. and Heb. <i>sedin</i>; Ar. + <i>sidanah</i>."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Carrier Pigeons.</i>—When were carrier pigeons first used in + Europe?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent will find some interesting notices of the early use + of the carrier pigeon in Europe in the <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i>, vol. vii. + p. 372., art. "<span class="sc">Columbidæ</span>;" and in the + <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, vol. vi. p. 176., art. "<span + class="sc">Carrier Pigeon</span>."]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>"PYLADES AND CORRINA."—PSALMANAZAR AND +DEFOE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 305. 435. 479.)</p> + + <p>I had forwarded for insertion a short answer to the Query as to + <i>Pylades and Corinna</i> before <span class="sc">Dr. Maitland's</span> + communication was printed; but as it now appears more distinctly what was + the object of the Query, I can address myself more directly to the point + he has raised. And, in the first place, I cannot suppose that Defoe had + anything to do with <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, or the <i>History of + Formosa</i>. In all Defoe's fictions there is at least some trace of the + master workman, but in neither of these works <span class="correction" + title="'in' in original">is</span> there any putting forth of his power, + or any similitude to his manner or style. When the <i>History of + Formosa</i> appeared (1704), he was ingrossed in politics, and was not, + as far as any evidence has yet informed us, in the habit of translating + or doing journeyman work for booksellers. Then the book itself is, in + point of composition, far beneath Defoe, even in his most careless moods. + As to <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, Defoe died so soon after Mrs. + Thomas—she died on the 3rd February, 1731, and he on the 24th April + following, most probably worn out by illness—that time seems + scarcely afforded for getting together and working up the materials of + the two volumes published. The editor, who signs himself "Philalethes," + dates his Dedication to the first volume, in which are contained the + particulars about Psalmanazar, "St. John Baptist, 1731," which day would + be after Defoe's death. Nor is there any ground for supposing that Defoe + and Curll had much connexion as author and publisher. Curll only printed + two works of Defoe, as far as I have been able to discover, the + <i>Memoirs of Dr. Williams</i> (1718, 8vo.), and the <i>Life of Duncan + Campbell</i> (1720, 8vo.), and for his doing so, in each case, a good + reason may be given. As regards the genuineness of the correspondence in + <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, I do not see any reason to question it. Sir + Edward Northey's certificate, and various little particulars in the + letters themselves, entirely satisfy me that the correspondence is not a + fictitious one. The anecdotes of Psalmanazar are quite in accordance with + his own statements in his Life—(see particularly p. 183., + <i>Memoirs</i>, 1765, 8vo.); and if they were pure fiction, is it not + likely that, living in London at the time when they appeared, he would + have contradicted them? In referring (Vol. vii., p. 436., "N. & Q.") + to the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for these anecdotes, I had not + overlooked their having appeared in <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, but had + not then the latter book at hand to include it in the reference. <span + class="sc">Dr. Maitland</span> considers <i>Pylades and Corinna</i> "a + farrago of low rubbish, utterly beneath criticism." Is not this rather + too severe and sweeping a character? Unquestionably the poetry is but + so-so, and of the poem the greater part might have been dispensed with; + but, like all Curll's collections, it contains some matter of interest + and value to those who do not despise the minutiæ of literary + investigation. The Autobiography of the unfortunate authoress (Mrs. + Thomas), who was only exalted by Dryden's praise to be ignominiously + degraded by Pope, and "whose whole life was but one continued scene of + the utmost variety of human misery," has always appeared to me an + interesting and rather affecting narrative; and, besides a great many + occasional notices in the correspondence, which are not without their + use, there are interspersed letters from Lady Chudleigh, Norris of + Bemerton, and others, which are not to be elsewhere met with, and which + are worth preserving.</p> + + <p>For Psalmanazar's character, notwithstanding his early peccadilloes, I + can assure <span class="sc">Dr. Maitland</span> that I have quite as high + a respect as himself, even without the corroborative evidence of our + great moralist, which on such a subject may be considered as perfectly + conclusive.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<p><!-- Page 552 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page552"></a>{552}</span></p> + +<h3>ROBERT WAUCHOPE, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 66.)</p> + + <p>This prelate seems to have been a cadet of the family of Wauchope, of + Niddry, or Niddry Marischall, in the county of Midlothian, to which + family once belonged the lands of Wauchopedale in Roxburghshire. The + exact date of his birth I have never been able to discover, nor which + "laird of Niddrie" he was the son of. Robert was a favourite name in the + family long before his time, as is evidenced by an inscription at the + entry to a burial chapel belonging to the family to this effect: "This + tome was Biggit Be Robert Vauchop of Niddrie Marchal, and interit heir + 1387." I am at present out of reach of all books of reference, and have + only a few manuscript memoranda to direct further research; and these + memoranda, I am sorry to say, are not so precise in their reference to + chapter and verse as they ought to be.</p> + + <p>According to these notes, mention is made of Robert Wauchope, doctor + of Sorbonne, by Leslie, bishop of Ross, in the 10th book of his + <i>History</i>; by Labens, a Jesuit, in the 14th tome of his + <i>Chronicles</i>; by Cardinal Pallavicino, in the 6th book of his + <i>Hist. Conc. Trid.</i>; by Fra Paolo Sarpi, in his <i>Hist. Conc. + Trid.</i> Archbishop Spottiswood says that he died in Paris in the year + 1551, "much lamented of all the university," on his return home from one + of his missions to Rome.</p> + + <p>One of my notes, taken from the <i>Memoirs of Sir James Melville</i>, + I shall transcribe, as it is suggestive of other Queries more generally + interesting. The date is 1545:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Now the ambassador met in a secret part with Oneel(?) and his + associates, and heard their offers and overtures. And the patriarch of + Ireland did meet him there, who was a Scotsman born, called Wauchope, and + was blind of both his eyes, and yet had been divers times at Rome by + post. He did great honour to the ambassadour, and conveyed him to see St. + Patrick's Purgatory, which is like an old coal pit which had taken fire, + by reason of the smoke that came out of the hole."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query 1. What was the secret object of the ambassador?</p> + + <p>Query 2. Has St. Patrick's Purgatory any existence at the present + time?</p> + + <p class="author">D. W. S. P. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SEAL OF WILLIAM D'ALBINI.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 452.)</p> + + <p>The curious article of your correspondent <span + class="sc">Senex</span> relative to this seal, as described and figured + in Barrett's <i>History of Attleburgh</i>, has a peculiar interest as + connected with the device of a man combating a lion.</p> + + <p>The first time I saw this device was in a most curious MS. on + "Memorial Trophies and Funeral Monuments, both in the old Churches of + London before the Fire, and the Churches and Mansions in many of the + Counties of England." The MS. is written by Henry St. George, and will be + found in Lansd. MSS. 874. The arms and tombs are all elaborately and + carefully drawn, with their various localities, and the epitaphs which + belong to them; and the whole is accompanied with an Index of Persons, + and another of Places.</p> + + <p>At p. 28. this device of a man combating a lion is represented + associated with a shield of arms of many quarterings, showing the arms + and alliances of the royal family of Stuart, and is described as having + formed the subject of a window in the stewards house adjoining the church + of St. Andrew's, Holborn. In the <i>Catalogue of the Lansdowne MSS.</i> + is a long and interesting note on this device, with references to the + various works where it may be found, to which I have had access at the + Museum, and find them correct, and opening a subject for investigation of + a most curious kind.</p> + + <p>The figure of the knight, in this drawing, differs considerably from + that on Dr. Barrett's seal. He is here represented on foot, dressed in + the chain mail and tunic of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, with a + close-barred helmet, with a broad flat crown, such as was worn in France + in the time of Louis IX., called St. Louis. The lion is in the act of + springing upon him, and he is aiming a deadly blow at him with a ragged + staff, as his sword lies broken at his feet. The figure is represented as + fighting on the green sward. From a cloud over the lion proceeds an arm + clothed in chain mail, and holding in the hand, suspended by a baldrick, + a shield bearing the arms of France (modern<a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>)—Azure, three fleurs-de-lis + or. On a scutcheon of pretence in the centre, Argent, a lion ramp. gules, + debruised with ragged staff, proper. This device forms the 1st quarter of + the quarterings of the Stuart family.</p> + + <p>In this device there is no figure of a lizard, dragon, or chimera, + whichever it is, under the horse's feet, as represented in the seal of + D'Albini.</p> + + <p>I could much extend this reply, by showing the antiquity of this + device, which by a long process of investigation I have traced as + connected with the legendary songs of the troubadours; but I think I have + said sufficient for the present, in reply to <span + class="sc">Senex</span>.</p> + + <p>In addition to the above, I may mention a seal of a somewhat similar + character to that of D'Albini, representing a knight on horseback, with + his sword in his hand, and his shield of arms, which are also on the + housings of the horse, under whose feet is the dragon: on the reverse is + the <!-- Page 553 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page553"></a>{553}</span> combat of the knight with the lion. The + knight is holding his shield in front, and holding his sword in his left + hand. This seal is that of Roger de Quincy, earl of Winchester, and + appended to a deed "<span class="sc">m.cc.</span> Quadrigresimo Quinto." + It occurs in Harl. MSS. 6079. p. 127.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>I say <i>modern</i>, for the ancient arms of France were Azure, semée + of fleurs-de-lis, as they are represented in old glass, when quartered + with those of England by our Henries and Edwards.</p> + +</div> + <p>Pray request <span class="sc">Senex</span> to withdraw every word he + has said about me. I do not recollect that I ever said or wrote a word + about the Seal of William D'Albini; and I cannot find that my name occurs + in Dr. Barrett's volume.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edw. Hawkins</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>"WILL" AND "SHALL."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 356.)</p> + + <p>The difficulty as to the proper use of the auxiliaries <i>shall</i> + and <i>will</i>, will be found to arise from the fact, that while these + particles respectively convey a different idea in the <i>first</i> person + singular and plural, from that which they imply in the <i>second</i> and + <i>third</i> persons singular and plural, the distinction has been lost + sight of in the amalgamation of <i>both</i>; as if they were + interchangeable, in <i>one</i> tense, according to the old grammatical + formula <i>I shall</i> or <i>will</i>. With a view of giving my own views + on the subject, and attempting to supply what appears to me a grammatical + deficiency, I shall proceed to make a few remarks; from which I trust + your Hong Kong correspondent W. T. M. may be able to form "a clear and + definite rule," and students of English assisted in their attempts to + overcome this formidable conversational "shibboleth."</p> + + <p>The fact is simply thus:—<i>Will</i> is <i>volitive</i> in the + <i>first</i> persons singular and plural; and simply <i>declarative</i> + or <i>promissory</i> in the <i>second</i> and <i>third</i> persons + singular and plural. <i>Shall</i>, on the other hand, is + <i>declaratory</i> or <i>promissory</i> in the <i>first</i> person + singular and plural; <i>volitive</i> in the <i>second</i> and + <i>third</i> singular and plural. Thus, the so-called future is properly + divisible into <i>two</i> tenses: the <i>first</i> implying + <i>influence</i> or <i>volition</i>; the <i>second</i> (or future proper) + <i>intention</i> or <i>promise</i>. Thus:</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Shall and Will" title="Shall and Will"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:center"> + <p>1.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center"> + <p>2.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>I <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>I <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Thou <i>shalt</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Thou <i>wilt</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>He <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>He <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>We <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>We <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>You <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>You <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>They <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>They <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>When the above is thoroughly comprehended by the pupil, it will be + only necessary to impress upon his mind (as a concise rule) the necessity + of making use of a different auxiliary in speaking of the future actions + of <i>others</i>, when he wishes to convey the same idea respecting + <i>such actions</i> which he has done, or should do, in speaking of his + <i>own</i>, and <i>vice versâ</i>. Thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>I <i>will</i> go, and you <i>shall</i> accompany me.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>(<i>i. e.</i> it is my <i>wish</i> to go, and also that you shall + accompany me.)</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>I <i>shall</i> go, and you <i>will</i> accompany me.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>(<i>i. e.</i> <span class="correction" title="'in' in original" + >it</span> is my <i>intention</i> to go; and believe, or know, that it is + your <i>intention</i> to accompany me.)</p> + + <p>The philosophical reason for this distinction will be evident, when we + reflect upon the various ideas produced in the mind by the expression of + either <i>volition</i> or mere <i>intention</i> (in so far as the latter + is distinguishable from active <i>will</i>) with regard to <i>our own</i> + future actions, and the same terms with reference to the future actions + of <i>others</i>. It will be seen that a mere <i>intention</i> in the + <i>first</i> person, becomes <i>influence</i> when it extends to the + <i>second</i> and <i>third</i>; we know nothing, <i>à priori</i> (as it + were) of the <i>intentions</i> of others, except in so far as we may have + the power of <i>determining</i> them. When I say "<i>I</i> shall go" + (<i>j'irai</i>), I merely express an <i>intention</i> or <i>promise</i> + to go; but if I continue "<i>You</i> and <i>they</i> shall go," I convey + the idea that <i>my</i> intention or promise is operative on <i>you</i> + and <i>them</i>; and the terms which I thus use become unintentionally + influential or expressive of an extension of <i>my</i> volition to the + actions of <i>others</i>. Again, the terms which I use to signify + <i>volition</i>, with reference to <i>my own</i> actions, are but + <i>declaratory</i> or <i>promissory</i> when I speak of <i>your</i> + actions, or those of <i>others</i>. I am conscious of <i>my own</i> wish + to go; but <i>my</i> wish not influencing <i>you</i>, I do, by continuing + the use of the same auxiliary, but express my belief or knowledge that + <i>your</i> wish is, or will be, coincident with <i>my own</i>. When I + say "I will go" (<i>je veux aller</i>), I express a desire to go; but if + I add, "<i>You</i> and <i>they</i> will go," I simply promise on behalf + of <i>you</i> and <i>them</i>, or express <i>my</i> belief or knowledge + that <i>you</i> and <i>they</i> will also desire to go.</p> + + <p>It is not unworthy of note, that the nice balance between <i>shall</i> + and <i>will</i> is much impaired by the constant use of the ellipse, + "I'll, you'll," &c.; and that <i>volition</i> and <i>intention</i> + are, to a great extent, co-existent and inseparable in the <i>first</i> + person: the metaphysical reasons for this do not here require + explanation.</p> + + <p>I am conscious that I have not elucidated this apparently simple, but + really complex question, in so clear and concise a manner as I could have + wished; but, feeling convinced that my principle at least is sound, I + leave it, for better consideration, in the hands of your + correspondent.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Bates</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p>Brightland's rule is,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"In the first person simply <i>shall</i> foretells;</p> + <p>In <i>will</i> a threat or else a promise dwells:</p> +<!-- Page 554 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page554"></a>{554}</span> + <p><i>Shall</i> in the second and the third does threat;</p> + <p><i>Will</i> simply then foretells the coming feat."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>(See T. K. Arnold's <i>Eng. Gram. for Classical Schools</i>, 3rd + edit., p. 41.; Mitford, <i>Harmony of Language</i>; and note 5. in Rev. + R. Twopeny's <i>Dissertations on the Old and New Testament</i>.)</p> + + <p>The inconsistency in the use of <i>shall</i> and <i>will</i> is best + explained by a doctrine of Mr. Hare's (J. C. H.), the <i>usus + ethicus</i> of the future. (See <i>Cambridge Philological Museum</i>, + vol. ii. p. 203., where the subject is mentioned incidentally, and in + illustration; and Latham's <i>English Language</i>, 2nd edit., p. 498., + where Mr. Hare's hypothesis is given at length. Indeed, from Latham and + T. K. Arnold my Note has been framed.)</p> + + <p class="author">F. S., B. A. + + <p class="address">Lee. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 127.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>, at p. 127. of + the current volume of "N. & Q.," gives several forms of inscriptions + in books. The following may prove interesting to him, if not to the + generality of your readers.</p> + + <p>A MS. preserved in the Bibliothèque Sainte Généviève—it appears + to have been the cellarer's book of the ancient abbey of that name, and + to have been written about the beginning of the sixteenth + century—bears on the fly-sheet the name of "Mathieu Monton, + religieux et célérier de l'église de céans," with the following + verses:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Qui ce livre cy emblera,</p> + <p>Propter suam maliciam</p> + <p>Au gibet pendu sera,</p> + <p>Repugnando superbiam</p> + <p>Au gibet sera sa maison,</p> + <p>Sive suis parentibus,</p> + <p>Car ce sera bien raison,</p> + <p>Exemplum datum omnibus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>An Ovid, printed in 1501, belonging to the Bibliothèque de Chinon, has + the following verses:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ce present livre est à Jehan Theblereau.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1">"Qui le trouvera sy lui rende:</p> + <p class="i1">Il lui poyra bien le vin</p> + <p class="i1">Le jour et feste Sainct Martin,</p> + <p class="i1">Et une mésenge à la Sainct Jean,</p> + <p class="i4">Sy la peut prendre.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Tesmoin mon synet manuel, cy mis le x<sup>e</sup> jour de avril mil + v<sup>c</sup> trente et cyns, après Pasque."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here follows the paraphe.</p> + + <p>School-boys in France write the following lines in their books after + their names, and generally accompany them with a drawing of a man hanging + on a gibbet:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Aspice Pierrot pendu,</p> + <p>Quòd librum n'a pas rendu;</p> + <p>Pierrot pendu non fuisset,</p> + <p>Si librum reddidisset."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>English school-boys use these forms:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hic liber est meus</p> + <p>Testis est Deus.</p> + <p>Si quis furetur</p> + <p>A collo pendetur</p> + <p>Ad hunc modum."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This is always followed by a drawing of a gibbet.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"John Smith, his book.</p> + <p>God give him grace therein to look;</p> + <p>Not only look but understand,</p> + <p>For learning is better than house or land.</p> + <p>When house and land are gone and spent,</p> + <p>Then learning is most excellent."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"John Smith is my name,</p> + <p>England is my nation,</p> + <p>London is my dwelling-place,</p> + <p>And Christ is my salvation.</p> + <p>When I am dead and in my grave,</p> + <p>And all my bones are rotten,</p> + <p>When this you see, remember me,</p> + <p>When I am 'most forgotten."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Steal not this book, my honest friend,</p> + <p>For fear the gallows should be your end,</p> + <p>And when you're dead the Lord should say,</p> + <p>Where is the book you stole away?"</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Steal not this book for fear of shame,</p> + <p>For under lies the owner's name:</p> + <p>The first is <span class="sc">John</span>, in letters bright,</p> + <p>The second <span class="sc">Smith</span>, to all men's sight;</p> + <p>And if you dare to steal this book,</p> + <p>The devil will take you with his hook."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Honoré de Mareville</span>. + + <p class="address">Guernsey. + + <p>I forward you the following inscription, which I met with in an old + copy of Cæsar's <i>Commentaries</i> (if I remember rightly) at + Pontefract, Yorkshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Si quis hunc librum rapiat scelestus</p> + <p>Atque scelestis manibus reservet</p> + <p>Ibit ad nigras Acherontis undas</p> + <p class="i4">Non rediturus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">F. F. G. (Oxford). + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p.493.)</p> + + <p>I have to thank L. for his notice of my edition of the <i>Advancement + of Learning</i>, as well as for the information which he has given me, of + which I hope to have an early opportunity of availing myself. As he + expresses a hope that it may be followed by similar editions of other of + Bacon's works, I may state that the <i>Essays</i>, with the <i>Colours of + Good and Evil</i>, are already printed, and will be issued very shortly. + I am quite conscious that the references in the margin are by no means + complete: indeed, as I had only <i>horæ subsecivæ</i> to give to the + work, I did not attempt to make them so. <!-- Page 555 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page555"></a>{555}</span> But I thought it might + be useful to give a general indication of the sources from which the + writer drew, and therefore put in all that I could find, without the + expenditure of a great deal of time. Consequently I fear that those I + have omitted will not be found to be the most obvious.</p> + + <p>I shall be glad to make a few remarks on some of the passages noticed + by L.</p> + + <p>P. 25.—Of this piece of carelessness—for which I do not + the less feel that I deserved a rebuke because L. has not administered + it—I had already been made aware by the kindness of a friend. I + confess I had never heard of Osorius, which is perhaps no great matter + for wonder; but I looked for his name both in Bayle and the catalogue of + the library of the British Museum, and by some oversight missed it. I + have since found it in both. I cannot help, however, remarking that this + is a good example of the advantage of noting <i>every</i> deviation from + the received text. Had I tacitly transposed three letters of the word in + question (a small liberty compared with some that my predecessors have + taken), my corruption of the text might have passed unnoticed. I have not + had much experience in these things; but if the works of English writers + in general have been tampered with by editors as much as I have found the + <i>Advancement</i> and <i>Essays</i> of Lord Bacon to be, I fear they + must have suffered great mutilation. I rather incline to think it is the + case, for I have had occasion lately to compare two editions of Paley's + <i>Horæ Paulinæ</i>, and I find great differences in the text. All this + looks suspicious.</p> + + <p>P. 34.—I spent some time in searching for this passage in + Aristotle, but I could not discover it. I did not look elsewhere.</p> + + <p>P. 60.—In the forthcoming edition of the <i>Essays</i> I have + referred to Plutarch, <i>Gryll.</i>, 1., which I incline to think is the + passage Bacon had in his mind. The passage quoted from Cicero I merely + meant to point out for comparison.</p> + + <p>P. 146.—The passage quoted is from Sen. <i>ad Lucil.</i>, + 52.</p> + + <p>P. 147.—<i>Ad Lucil.</i>, 53.</p> + + <p>P. 159.—<i>Ad Lucil.</i>, 71.</p> + + <p>Two or three other passages from Seneca will be found without any + reference. One of them, p. 13., "Quidam sunt tam umbratiles ut putent in + turbido esse quicquid in luce est," I have taken some pains to hunt for, + but hitherto without success. Another noticeable one, "Vita sine + proposito languida et vaga est," is from <i>Ep. ad Lucil.</i>, 95.</p> + + <p>For the reference to Aristotle I am much obliged. I was anxious to + trace all the quotations from Aristotle, but could not find this one.</p> + + <p>P. 165.—I cannot answer this question. Is it possible that he + was thinking of St. Augustine? In the <i>Confessions</i>, i. 25., we kind + the expression <i>vinum erroris</i>.</p> + + <p>P. 177.—No doubt Bacon had read the treatise of Sallust quoted, + but my impression is that he thought the proverb had grown out of the + line in Plautus.</p> + + <p>P. 180.—I have searched again for "alimenta socordiæ," as it is + quoted in the <i>Colours of Good and Evil</i>, but cannot fix upon any + passage from which I can say it was taken, though there are many which + might have suggested it. One at p. 19. of the <i>Advancement</i>, which I + missed at first, I have since met with. It is from the <i>Cherson.</i>, + p. 106.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Markby</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Test for a good Lens.</i>—The generality of purchasers of + photographic lenses can content themselves with merely the following + rules when they buy. It ought to be achromatic, <i>i. e.</i> consisting + of the usual two pieces of crown and flint glass, that its curves are the + most recommended, and that it is free from bubbles: to ascertain the + latter, hold the lens between the finger and thumb of the right hand, + much as an egg-merchant examines an egg before a strong gas flame, and a + little to the right of it; this reveals every bubble, however small, and + another kind of texture like minute gossamer threads. If these are too + abundant, it should not be chosen; although the best lenses are never + altogether free from these defects, it is on the whole better to have one + or two good-sized bubbles than any density of texture; because it + follows, that every inequality will refract pencils of light out of the + direction they ought to go; and as bubbles do the same thing, but as they + do not refract away so much light, they are not of much consequence.</p> + + <p>I believe if a lens is made as thin as it safely can be, it will be + quicker than a thicker one. I have two precisely the same focus, and one + thinner than the other; the thinner is much the quicker of the two. An + apparently indifferent lens should be tried with several kinds of + apertures, till it will take sharp pictures; but if no size of aperture + can make it, or a small aperture takes a very long time, it is a bad + lens. M. Claudet, whose long experience in the art has given him the + requisite judgment, changes the diameter of his lenses often during the + day; and tries occasionally, in his excellent plan, the places of the + chemical focus: by this his time is always nearly the same, and the + results steady. As he is always free in communicating his knowledge, he + will, I think, always explain his method when he is applied to. The + inexperienced photographer is often too prone to blame his lens when the + failure proceeds more from the above causes. The variation of the + chemical focus during a day's work is often the cause of disappointment: + though it does not affect the landscape so much as the portrait operator. + <!-- Page 556 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page556"></a>{556}</span></p> + + <p>If any one has a lens, the chemical and visual focus being different, + his only remedy is M. Claudet's method. And this method will also prove + better than any other way at present known of ascertaining whether a lens + will take a sharp picture or not. If, however, any plan could be devised + for making the solar spectrum visible upon a sheet of paper inside the + camera, it would reduce the question of taking sharp pictures at once + into a matter of certainty.</p> + + <p>All lenses, however, should be tried by the opticians who sell them; + and if they presented a specimen of their powers to a buyer, he could see + in a moment what their capabilities were.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor</span>. + + <p class="address">Bayswater. + + <p><i>Photography and the Microscope</i> (Vol. vii., p. 507.).—I + beg to inform your correspondents R. I. F. and J., that in Number 3. of + the <i>Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science</i> (Highley, Fleet + Street) they will find three papers containing more or less information + on the subject of their Query; and a plate, exhibiting two positive + photographs from collodion negatives, in the same number, will give a + good idea of what they may expect to attain in this branch of the + art.</p> + + <p>Practically, I know nothing of photography; but, from my acquaintance + with the modern achromatic microscope, I venture to say that photography + applied to this instrument will be of no farther use than as <i>an + assistant to the draughtsman</i>. A reference to the plates alluded to + will show how incompetent it is to produce <i>pictures</i> of microscopic + objects: any one who has seen these objects under a good instrument will + acknowledge that these specimens give but a very faint idea of what the + microscope actually exhibits.</p> + + <p>It is unfortunately the case, that the more perfect the instrument, + the less adapted it is for producing photographic pictures; for, in those + of the latest construction, the aperture of the object-glasses is carried + to such an extreme, that the observer is obliged to keep his hand + continually on the fine adjustment, in order to accommodate the focus to + the different <i>planes</i> in which different parts of the object lie. + This is the case even with so low a power as the half-inch + object-glasses, those of Messrs. Powell and Lealand being of the enormous + aperture of 65°; and if this is the case while looking through the + instrument when this disadvantage is somewhat counteracted by the power + which the eye has, to a certain degree, of adjusting itself to the object + under observation, how much more inconvenient will it be found in + endeavouring to focus the whole object at once on the ground glass plate, + where such an accommodating power no longer exists. The smaller the + aperture of the object-glasses, in reason, the better they will be + adapted for photographic purposes.</p> + + <p>Again, another peculiarity of the object-glasses of the achromatic + microscope gives rise to a farther difficulty; they are over-corrected + for colour, the spectrum is reversed, or the violet rays are projected + beyond the red: this is in order to meet the requirements of the + eye-piece. But with the photographic apparatus the eye-piece is not used, + so that, after the object has been brought visually into focus in the + camera, a farther adjustment is necessary, in order to focus for the + actinic rays, which reside in the violet end of the spectrum. This is + effected by withdrawing the object-glass a little from the object, in + which operation there is no guide but experience; moreover, the amount of + withdrawal differs with each object-glass.</p> + + <p>However, the inconvenience caused by this over-chromatic correction + may, I think, be remedied by the use of the achromatic condenser in the + place of an object-glass; that kind of condenser, at least, which is + supplied by the <i>first</i> microscopic makers. I cannot help thinking + that this substitution will prove of some service; for, in the first + place, the power of the condenser is generally equal to that of a quarter + of an inch object-glass, which is perhaps the most generally useful of + all the powers; and again, its aperture is, I think, not usually so great + as that which an object-glass of the same power would have; and, + moreover, as to correction, though it is slightly spherically + under-corrected to accommodate the plate-glass under the object, yet the + chromatic correction is <i>perfect</i>. The condenser is easily detached + from its "fittings," and its application to the camera would be as simple + as that of an ordinary object-glass.</p> + + <p>However, my conviction remains that, in spite of all that perseverance + and science can accomplish, it never will be in the power of the + photographer to produce a picture of an object under the microscope, + <i>equally distinct in all its parts</i>; and unless his art can effect + this, I need scarcely say that his best productions can be but useful + auxiliaries to the draughtsman.</p> + + <p>I see by an advertisement that the Messrs. Highley supply everything + that is necessary for the application of photography to the + microscope.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p>In reply to your correspondent J., I would ask if he has any + photographic apparatus? if so, the answer to his question "What extra + apparatus is required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain + photographic microscopic pictures?" would be <i>None</i>; but if not, he + would require a camera, or else a wooden conical body, with plate-holder, + &c., besides the ordinary photographic outfit. Part III. of the + <i>Microscopical Journal</i>, published by Highley & Son, Fleet + Street, will give him all the information he requires. <!-- Page 557 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page557"></a>{557}</span></p> + + <p><span class="grk">φ</span>. (p. 506.) may find a solution of his + difficulties regarding the production of stereoscopic pictures, in the + following considerations. The object of having two pictures is to present + to <i>each eye</i> an image of what it sees in nature; but as the angle + subtended by a line, of which the pupils of the eyes form the + extremities, must differ for every distance, and for objects of varying + sizes, it follows there is no <i>absolute</i> rule that can be laid down + as the only correct one. For <i>distant</i> views there is in nature + scarcely any stereoscopic effect; and in a photographic stereoscopic view + the effect produced is not really a representation to the eye of the + <i>view itself</i>, but of <i>a model of such view</i>; and the apparent + size of the model will vary with the angle of incidence of the two + pictures, being <i>smaller</i> and <i>nearer</i> as the angle increases. + I believe Professor Wheatstone recommends for landscapes 1 in 25, or + about half an inch to every foot.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt</span>. + + <p><i>Cement for Glass Baths.</i>—In reply to numerous inquiries + which have appeared in "N. & Q." relative to a good cement for making + glass baths for photographic purposes, I send a recipe which I copied a + year or two ago from some newspaper, and which seems likely to answer the + purpose: I have not tried it myself, not being a photographer.</p> + + <p>Caoutchouc 15 grains, chloroform 2 ounces, mastic ½ an ounce. The two + first-named ingredients are to be mixed first, and after the gum is + dissolved, the mastic is to be added, and the whole allowed to macerate + for a week. When great elasticity is desirable, more caoutchouc may be + added. This cement is perfectly transparent, and is to be applied with a + brush cold.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p><i>Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing.</i>—All persons who have + experienced disappointment in the printing of their positive pictures + will feel obliged by <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte's</span> suggestion as to + the bath; but as the preparation of the positive paper has also a great + deal to say to the ultimate result, <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span> + would confer an additional obligation if he gave the treatment he adopts + for this.</p> + + <p>I have observed that the negative collodion picture exercises a good + deal of influence on the ultimate colour of the positive, and that + different collodion negatives will give different results in this + respect, when the paper and treatment with each has been precisely the + same. Does this correspond with other persons' experience?</p> + + <p class="author">C. E. F. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> + + <p><i>Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416. + 507.).—<span class="sc">Mr. Thoms's</span> suggestion, and his + quotation in proof thereof from the Chronicler, are farther verified by + the following inscription and verses which I transcribe from an engraved + portrait of the famous jester:</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"Ulenspiegel.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ligt Begraben zu Dom in Flandern in der grosen Kirch, auf dem + Grabister also Likend abgebildet. Starb A<sup>o</sup>. 1301."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>These lines are above the portrait, and beneath it are the verses next + following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Tchau <i>Ulenspiegeln</i> hier. Das Bildniss macht dich lachen:</p> + <p>Was wurdst du thun siehst du jhn selber Possen machen?</p> + <p class="i1">Zwar <i>Thÿle</i> ist ein Bild und <i>Spiegel</i> dieser Welt,</p> + <p>Viel Bruder er verliess; Wir treiben Narretheÿen,</p> + <p>In dem uns dunckt, dass wir die grosten Weysen seÿen,</p> + <p class="i1">Drum lache deiner selbst; diss Blat dich dir vorstellt."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The portrait, evidently that of a man of large intellect, is very + life-like, and full of animation. He seems to be some fifty years of age + or so; he has a cap, ornamented by large feather, on his head. He is + seated in a chair, has a book in his hand, and is attired in a kind of + magisterial robe bordered with fur. There is a good-humoured roguish + twinkle in his eyes; and I should be inclined to call him, judging from + the portrait before me, an epigrammatist rather than mere vulgar jester. + The engraving is beautifully executed: it has neither date nor place of + publication, but its age may perhaps be determined by the names of the + painter (Paulus Furst) and engraver (P. Troschel). The orthography is by + no means of recent date. I cannot translate the verses to my own + satisfaction; and should feel much obliged if you, <span class="sc">Mr. + Editor</span>, or <span class="sc">Mr. Thoms</span>, would favour the + readers of "N. & Q." with an English version thereof.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Campkin</span>. + + <p class="address">Reform Club. + + <p><i>Lawyers' Bags</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 85. 144.).—Colonel Landman + is doubtless correct in his statement as to the colour of barristers' + bags; but from the evidence of A <span class="sc">Templar</span> and + <span class="sc">Causidicus</span>, we must place the change from green + to red at some period anterior to the trial of Queen Caroline. In Queen + Anne's time they were <i>green</i>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I am told, Cousin Diego, you are one of those that have undertaken to + manage me, and that you have said you will carry a <i>green bag</i> + yourself, rather than we shall make an end of our lawsuit: I'll teach + them and you too to manage."—<i>The History of John Bull</i>, by + Dr. Arbuthnot, Part I. ch. xv.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley, B. A.</span> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Cheshire. + + <p><i>"Nine Tailors make a Man"</i> (Vol. vi., pp. 390. 563.; Vol. vii., + p. 165.).—The origin of this saying is to be sought for elsewhere + than in England only. Le Conte de la Villemarqué, in his <!-- Page 558 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page558"></a>{558}</span> interesting + collection of Breton ballads, <i>Barzas-Breiz</i>, vol. i. p. 35., has + the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Les tailleurs, cette classe vouée au ridicule, en Bretagne, comme + dans le pays de Galles, en Irlande, en Ecosse, en Allemagne et ailleurs, + et qui l'était jadis chez toutes les nations guerrières, dont la vie + agitée et errante s'accordait mal avec une existence casanière et + paisible. Le peuple dit encore de nos jours en Bretagne, <i>qu'il faut + neuf tailleurs pour faire un homme</i>, et jamais il ne prononce leur + nom, sans ôter son chapeau, et sans dire: 'Sauf votre respect.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The saying is current also in Normandy, at least in those parts which + border on Britany. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be + able to say whether it is to be found in other parts of Europe.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Honoré de Mareville</span>. + + <p class="address">Guernsey. + + <p><i>"Time and I"</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 247.).—Arbuthnot calls + it a Spanish proverb. In the <i>History of John Bull</i>, we read among + the titles of other imaginary chapters in the "Postscript," that + of—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ch. XVI. Commentary upon the <i>Spanish</i> Proverb, <i>Time and I + against any Two</i>; or Advice to Dogmatical Politicians, exemplified in + some New Affairs between John Bull and <i>Lewis Baboon</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley, B. A.</span> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Cheshire. + + <p><i>Carr Pedigree</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 408. 512.).—W. <span + class="sc">St</span>. says that William Carr married Elizabeth, daughter + of Edward Sing, Bishop of Cork. The name is Synge, not Sing. The family + name was originally Millington, and was changed to Synge by Henry VIII. + or Queen Elizabeth, on account of the sweetness of the voice of one of + the family, who was a clergyman, and the ancestor of George Synge, Bishop + of Cloyne; Edward Synge, Bishop of Ross; Edward Synge, Archbishop of + Tuam; Edward Synge, Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns; Nicholas Synge, Bishop + of Killaloe; the late Sir Samuel Synge Hutchinson, Archdeacon of Killala; + and of the present Sir Edward Synge.</p> + + <p>I cannot find that any of these church dignitaries had a daughter + married to Wm. Carr. Nicholas Synge, Bishop of Killaloe, left a daughter, + Elizabeth, who died unmarried in 1834, aged ninety-nine; but I cannot + discover that either of the other bishops of that family had a daughter + Elizabeth.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Gulielmus</span>. + + <p><i>Campvere, Privileges of</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 262. 440.).—What + were these privileges, and whence was the term derived?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Veria, quæ et Canfera, vel Campoveria potius dicitur, alterum est + inter oppida hujus insulæ, muro et mœnibus clausa, situ quidem ad + aquilonem obversa, et in ipso oceani littore: fossam habet, quæ + Middelburgum usque extenditur, à quâ urbe leucæ tantum unius, etc.</p> + + <p>"Estque oppidulum satis concinnum, et mercimoniis florens, maxime + propter commercia navium <i>Scoticarum</i>, quæ in isto potissimum portu + stare adsueverunt.</p> + + <p>"<i>Scotorum</i> denique, superioribus annis, frequentatione celebris + et <i>Scoticarum</i> mercium, præcipue vellerum ovillorum, stapula, ut + vocant, et emporium esse cœpit."—L. Guicciardini, + <i>Belgium</i> (1646), vol. ii. pp. 67, 68.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Will J. D. S. be so good as to say where he found the "Campvere + privileges" referred to?</p> + + <p class="author">E. + + <p><i>Haulf-naked</i> (Vol. vii., p. 432.).—The conjecture that + <i>Half-naked</i> was a manor in co. Sussex is verified by entries in + <i>Cal. Rot. Pat.</i>, 11 Edw. I., m. 15.; and 13 Edw. I., m. 18. Also in + <i>Abbreviatio Rot. Orig.</i>, 21 Edw. III., <i>Rot.</i> 21.; in which + latter it is spelt <i>Halnaked</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. S. R. + + <p class="address">St. Ives, Hunts. + + <p><i>Old Picture of the Spanish Armada</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 454.).—Although perhaps this may not be reckoned an answer to + J. S. A.'s Query on this head, I have to inform you that in the steeple + part of Gaywood Church near this town, is a fine old painting of Queen + Elizabeth reviewing the forces at Tilbury Fort, and the Spanish fleet in + the distance. It is framed, and sadly wants cleaning.</p> + + <p class="author">J. N. C. + + <p class="address">King's Lynn. + + <p><i>Parochial Libraries</i> (Vol. vi., p. 432., &c.).—We have + in St. Margaret's parish a parochial library, which is kept in a room + fitted up near the vestry of the church in this town.</p> + + <p class="author">J. N. C. + + <p class="address">King's Lynn. + + <p>To the list of places where there are parochial libraries may be added + Bewdley, in Worcestershire. There is a small library in the Grammar + School of that place, consisting, if I recollect aright, mainly of old + divinity, under the care of the master: though it is true, for some + years, there has been no master.</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S. + + <p>In the preface to the <i>Life of Lord Keeper Guilford</i>, by Roger + North, it appears that Dudleys youngest daughter of Charles, and + granddaughter of Dudley Lord North, dying,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Her library, consisting of a choice collection of Oriental books, by + the present Lord North and Grey, her only surviving brother, was given to + the parochial library of Rougham in Norfolk, where it now remains."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This library then existed in 1742, the date of the first edition of + the work.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Furvus</span>. + + <p class="address">St. James's. + + <p><i>How to stain Deal</i> (Vol. vii., p. 356.).—Your + correspondent C. will find that a solution of <!-- Page 559 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page559"></a>{559}</span> asphaltum in boiling + turpentine is a very good stain to dye deal to imitate oak. This must be + applied when cold with a brush to the timbers: allowed to get dry, then + size and varnish it.</p> + + <p>The dye, however, which I always use, is a compound of raw umber and a + small portion of blue-black diluted to the shade required with strong + size in solution: this must be used hot. It is evident that this will not + require the preparatory sizing before the application of the varnish. + Common coal, ground in water, and used the same as any other colour, I + have found to be an excellent stain for roof timbers.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. H. Cullingford</span>. + + <p class="address">Cromhall, Gloucestershire. + + <p><i>Roger Outlawe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 332.).—Of this person, who + was Lord Deputy of Ireland for many years of the reign of Edward III., + some particulars will be found in the notes to the <i>Proceedings against + Dame Alice Kyteler</i>, edited for the Camden Society by Mr. Wright, p. + 49. There is evidently more than one misreading in the date of the + extract communicated by the <span class="sc">Rev. H. T. Ellacombe</span>: + "die pasche in viiij mense anno B. Etii post ultimum conquestum hibernia + quarto." I cannot interpret "in viiij mense;" but the rest should + evidently be "anno <i>Regis Edwardi tertii</i> post ultimum conquestum + Hiberniæ quarto."</p> + + <p>May I ask whether this "last conquest of Ireland" has been noticed by + palæographers in other instances?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon</span>. + + <p><i>Tennyson</i> (Vol. vii., p. 84.).—Will not the following + account by Lord Bacon, in his <i>History of Henry VII.</i>, of the + marriage by proxy between Maximilian, King of the Romans, and the + Princess Anne of Britany, illustrate for your correspondent H. J. J. his + last quotation from Tennyson?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">"She to me</p> + <p>Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf,</p> + <p>At eight years old."</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Maximilian so far forth prevailed, both with the young lady and with + the principal persons about her, as the marriage was consummated by + proxy, with a ceremony at that time in these parts new. For she was not + only publicly contracted, but stated, as a bride, and solemnly bedded; + and after she was laid, there came in Maximilian's ambassador with + letters of procuration, and in the presence of sundry noble personages, + men and women, put his leg, stripped naked to the knee, between the + espousal sheets," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>Old Fogie</i> (Vol. vii., p. 354.).—<span class="sc">Mr. + Keightley</span> supposes the term of <i>old fogie</i>, as applied to + "mature old warriors," to be "of pure Irish origin," or "rather of Dublin + birth." In this he is certainly mistaken, for the word <i>fogie</i>, as + applied to old soldiers, is as well known, and was once as familiarly + used in Scotland, as it ever was or could have been in Ireland. The race + was extinct before my day, but I understand that formerly the permanent + garrisons of Edinburgh, and I believe also of Stirling, Castles, + consisted of veteran companies; and I remember, when I first came to + Edinburgh, of people who had seen them, still talking of "the Castle + fogies."</p> + + <p>Dr. Jamieson, in his <i>Scottish Dictionary</i>, defines the word + "foggie or fogie," to be first, "an invalid, or garrison soldier," + secondly, "a person advanced in life" and derives it from "Su. G. + <i>fogde</i>, formerly one who had the charge of a garrison."</p> + + <p>This seems to me a more satisfactory derivation than <span + class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span>, who considers it a corruption or + diminutive of <i>old folks</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. L. + + <p class="address">City Chambers, Edinburgh. + + <p><i>Errata corrigenda.</i>—Vol. ii., p. 356. col. 2., near the + bottom, for Sir <i>William</i> Jardine, read Sir <i>Henry</i> Jardine. + Sir William and Sir Henry were very different persons, though the former + was probably the more generally known. Sir H. was the author of the + report referred to.</p> + + <p>Vol. vii., p. 441. col. 1. line 15, for <i>Lenier</i> read + <i>Ferrier</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. L. + + <p class="address">City Chambers, Edinburgh. + + <p><i>Anecdote of Dutens</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 26. 390.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Lord Lansdowne at breakfast mentioned of Dutens, who wrote + <i>Mémoires d'un Voyageur qui se repose</i>, and was a great antiquarian, + that, on his describing once his good luck in having found (what he + fancied to be) a tooth of Scipio's in Italy, some one asked him what he + had done with it, upon which he answered briskly: 'What have I done with + it? Le voici,' pointing to his mouth; where he had made it supplemental + to a lost one of his own."—Moore's <i>Journal</i>, vol. iv. p. + 271.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + + <p><i>Gloves at Fairs</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—In Hone's + <i>Every-day Book</i> (vol. ii. p. 1059.) is the following + paragraph:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Exeter Lammas Fair</span>.—The charter for + this fair is perpetuated by a glove of immense size, stuffed and carried + through the city on a very long pole, decorated with ribbons, flowers, + &c., and attended with music, parish beadles, and the mobility. It is + afterwards placed on the top of the Guildhall, and then the fair + commences: on the taking down of the glove, the fair + terminates.—P."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As to Crolditch, <i>alias</i> Lammas Fair, at Exeter, see Izacke's + <i>Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter</i>, pp. 19, 20.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper</span>. + + <p class="address">Cambridge. + + <p>At Macclesfield, in Cheshire, a large glove was, perhaps is, always + suspended from the outside of the window of the town-hall during the + holding of a fair; and as long as the glove was so suspended, every one + was free from arrest within the <!-- Page 560 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page560"></a>{560}</span> township, and, I have heard, while going + and returning to and from the fair.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Hawkins</span>. + + <p>At Free Mart, at Portsmouth, a glove used to be hung out of the + town-hall window, and no one could be arrested during the fortnight that + the fair lasted.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. O. Martin</span>. + + <p><i>Arms—Battle-axe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 407.).—The families + which bore three Dane-axes or battle-axes in their coats armorial were + very numerous in ancient times. It may chance to be of service to your + Querist A.C. to be informed, that those of Devonshire which displayed + these bearings were the following: Dennys, Batten, Gibbes, Ledenry, Wike, + Wykes, and Urey.</p> + + <p class="author">J. D. S. + + <p><i>Enough</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—In Staffordshire, and I + believe in the other midland counties, this word is usually pronounced + <i>enoo</i>, and written <i>enow</i>. In Richardson's <i>Dictionary</i> + it will be found "enough or enow;" and the etymology is evidently from + the German <i>genug</i>, from the verb <i>genugen</i>, to suffice, to be + enough, to content, to satisfy. The Anglo-Saxon is <i>genog</i>. I + remember the burden of an old song which I frequently heard in my boyish + days:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I know not, I care not,</p> + <p class="i1">I cannot tell how to woo,</p> + <p>But I'll away to the merry green woods,</p> + <p class="i1">And there get nuts <i>enow</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This evidently shows what the pronunciation was when it was + written.</p> + + <p class="author">J. A. H. + + <p><i>Enough</i> is from the same root as the German <i>genug</i>, where + the first <i>g</i> has been lost, and the latter softened and almost lost + in its old English pronunciation, <i>enow</i>. The modern pronunciation + is founded, as that of many other words is, upon an affected style of + speech, ridiculed by Holofernes.<a name="footnotetag4" + href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> The word <i>bread</i>, for example, + is almost universally called <i>bred</i>; but in Chaucer's poetry and + indeed now in Yorkshire, it is pronounced bré-äd, a dissyllable.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>The Euphuists are probably chargeable with this corruption.</p> + +</div> + <p>In Vol. vii., p. 455. there is an inquiry respecting the change in the + pronunciation of the word <i>enough</i>, and quotations are given from + Waller, where the word is used, rhyming with <i>bow</i> and + <i>plough</i>. But though spelt <i>enough</i>, is not the word, in both + places, really <i>enow</i>? and is there not, in fact, a distinction + between the two words? Does not <i>enough</i> always refer to + <i>quantity</i>, and <i>enow</i> to <i>number</i>: the former, to what + may be <i>measured</i>; the latter, to that which may be <i>counted</i>? + In both quotations the word <i>enough</i> refers to <i>numbers</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S. + + <p><i>Feelings of Age</i> (Vol. vii., p. 429.).—A.C. asks if it "is + not the general feeling, that man in advancing years would not like to + begin life again?" I fear not. It is a wisdom above the average of what + men possess that made the good Sir Thomas Browne say:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Though I think no man can live well once, but he that could live + twice, yet for my own part I would not live over my hours past, or begin + again the thread of my dayes: not upon Cicero's ground—because I + have lived them well—but for fear I should live them worse. I find + my growing judgment daily instruct me how to be better, but my untamed + affections and confirmed vitiosity make me daily do worse. I find in my + confirmed age the same sins I discovered in my youth; I committed many + then, because I was a child, and, because I commit them still, I am yet + an infant. Therefore I perceive a man may be twice a child before the + days of dotage, and stand in need of Æson's bath before threescore."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The annotator refers to <i>Cic.</i>, lib. xxiv. ep. 4.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, ut potes, honestissimè. + Viximus: floruimus: non vitium nostrum, sed virtus nostra, nos afflixit. + Peccatum est nullum, nisi quod non unâ animam cum ornamentis + amisimus."—Edit. Orell., vol. iii. part i. p. 335.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>However, it seems probable that Sir Thomas meant that this sentiment + is rather to be gathered from Cicero's writings,—not enunciated in + a single sentence.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p><i>Optical Query</i> (Vol. vii., p. 430.).—In reply to the + optical Query by H. H., I venture to suggest that a stronger gust of wind + than usual might easily occasion the illusion in question, as I myself + have frequently found in looking at the fans on the tops of chimneys. Or + possibly the eyes may have been confused by gazing on the revolving + blades, just as the tongue is frequently influenced in its accentuation + by pronouncing a word of two syllables in rapid articulations.</p> + + <p class="author">F. F. S. + + <p class="address">Oxford. + + <p><i>Cross and Pile</i> (Vol. vii., p.487.).—Here is another + explanation at least as satisfactory as some of the previous ones:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The word <i>coin</i> itself is money struck on the <i>coin</i> or + head of the flattened metal, by which word <i>coin</i> or <i>head</i> is + to be understood the <i>obverse</i>, the only side which in the infancy + of coining bore the stamp. Thence the Latin <i>cuneus</i>, from + <i>cune</i> or <i>kyn</i>, the head.</p> + + <p>"This side was also called <i>pile</i>, in corruption from + <i>poll</i>, a head, not only from the side itself being the <i>coin</i> + or <i>head</i>, but from its being impressed most commonly with some head + in contradistinction to the reverse, which, in latter times, was oftenest + a cross. Thence the vulgarism, <i>cross or pile, poll, + head</i>."—Cleland's <i>Specimen of an Etymological Vocabulary</i>, + p. 157.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Holt White</span>. + +<p><!-- Page 561 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page561"></a>{561}</span></p> + + <p><i>Capital Punishments</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 52. 321.).—The + authorities to which W. L. N. refers not being generally accessible, he + would confer a very great obligation by giving the names and dates of + execution of any of the individuals alluded to by him, who have undergone + capital punishment in this country for exercising the Roman Catholic + religion. Herein, it is almost needless to remark, I exclude such cases + as those of Babington, Ballard, Parsons, Garnett, Campion, Oldcorne, and + others, their fellows, who suffered, as every reader of history knows, + for treasonable practices against the civil and christian policy and + government of the realm.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill</span>. + + <p><i>Thomas Bonnell</i> (Vol. vii., p. 305.).—In what year was + this person, about whose published <i>Life</i> J. S. B. inquires, Mayor + of Norwich? His name, as such, does not occur in the lists of Nobbs, + Blomefield, or Ewing.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill</span>. + + <p><i>Passage in the First Part of Faust</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 501.).—<span class="sc">Mr. W. Fraser</span> will find good + illustrations of the question he has raised in his second suggestion for + the elucidation of this passage in <i>The Abbot</i>, chap. 15. <i>ad + fin.</i> and <i>note</i>.</p> + + <p>A few weeks after giving this reference, in answer to a question by + <span class="sc">Emdee</span> (see "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 262.; Vol. + ii., p. 47.), I sent in English, for I am not a German scholar, as an + additional reply to <span class="sc">Emdee</span>, the very same passage + that <span class="sc">Mr. Fraser</span> has just forwarded, but it was + not inserted, probably because its fitness as an illustration was not + very evident.</p> + + <p>My intention in sending that second reply was to show that, as in + <i>Christabel</i> and <i>The Abbot</i>, the voluntary and + <i>sustained</i> effort required to introduce the evil spirit was of a + physical, so in <i>Faust</i> it was of a mental character; and I confess + that I am much pleased now to find my opinion supported by the accidental + testimony of another correspondent.</p> + + <p>It must, however, be allowed that the peculiar wording of the passage + under consideration may make it difficult, if not impossible, to separate + <i>earnest</i> from the <i>magical</i> form in which Faust's command to + enter his room is given. Göthe's intention, probably, was to combine and + illustrate both.</p> + + <p>As proofs of the belief in the influence of the number <i>three</i> in + incantation, I may refer to Virg. <i>Ecl.</i> viii. 73—78.; to a + passage in Apuleius, which describes the resuscitation of a corpse by + Zachlas, the Egyptian sorcerer;</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Propheta, sic propitiatus, herbulam quampiam ter ob os corporis, et + aliam pectori ejus imponit."—Apul. <i>Metamorph.</i>, lib. ii. + sect. 39. (Regent's Classics);</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and to the rhyming spell that raised the White Lady of Avenel at the + Corrie nan Shian. (See <i>The Monastery</i>, chaps. xi. and xvii.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes</span>. + + <p><i>Sir Josias Bodley</i> (Vol. vii., p. 357.).—Your + correspondent Y. L. will find some account of the family of Bodley in + Prince's <i>Worthies of Devon</i>, edit. 1810, pp. 92-105., and in + Moore's <i>History of Devon</i>, vol. ii. pp. 220-227. See also "N. & + Q.," Vol. iv., pp. 59. 117. 240.</p> + + <p class="author">J. D. S. + + <p><i>Claret</i> (Vol. vii., p. 237.).—The word <i>claret</i> is + evidently derived directly from the French word <i>clairet</i>; which is + used, even at the present day, as a generic name for the "<i>vins + ordinaires</i>," of a light and thin quality, grown in the south of + France. The name is never applied but to red wines; and it is very + doubtful whether it takes its appellation from any place, being always + used adjectively—"<i>vin clairet</i>," not <i>vin</i> de + <i>clairet</i>. I am perhaps not quite correct in stating, that the word + is always used as an adjective; for we sometimes find <i>clairet</i> used + alone as a substantive; but I conceive that in this case the word + <i>vin</i> is to be understood, as we say "du Bordeaux," "du Champagne," + meaning "du vin de Bordeaux," "du vin de Champagne." <i>Eau clairette</i> + is the name given to a sort of cherry-brandy; and lapidaries apply the + name <i>clairette</i> to a precious stone, the colour of which is not so + deep as it ought to be. This latter fact may lead one to suppose that the + wine derived its name from being <i>clearer</i> and lighter in colour + than the more full-bodied vines of the south. The word is constantly + occurring in old drinking-songs. A song of Olivier Basselin, the minstrel + of Vire, begins with these words:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Beau nez, dont les rubis out coûté mainte pipe</p> + <p class="i1">De vin blanc et clairet."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>By the way, this song is the original of one in the musical drama of + <i>Jack Sheppard</i>, which many of the readers of "N. & Q." may + remember, as it became rather popular at the time. It began thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Jolly nose, the bright gems that illumine thy tip,</p> + <p class="i1">Were dug from the mines of Canary."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I am not aware that the plagiarism has been noticed before.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Honoré de Mareville</span>. + + <p class="address">Guernsey. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Now that the season is arriving for the sportsman, angler, yachtsman, + and lover of nature to visit the wild and solitary beauties of <i>Gamle + Norge</i>, nothing could be better timed than the pleasant gossiping + <i>Month in Norway</i>, by J. G. Holloway, which forms this month's issue + of Murray's <i>Railway Library</i>; or the splendidly illustrated + <i>Norway and its Scenery</i>, comprising the <i>Journal of a Tour</i> by + Edward Price, Esq., and a <i>Road Book for Tourists, with Hints to + Anglers and Sportsmen</i>, edited by T. Forster, Esq., which forms the + new number of Bohn's <i>Illustrated Library</i>, and <!-- Page 562 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page562"></a>{562}</span> which is + embellished with a series of admirable views by Mr. Price, from plates + formerly published at a very costly price, but which, in this new form, + are now to be procured for a few shillings.</p> + + <p>As the Americans have been among the most successful photographic + manipulators, we have looked with considerable interest at a work devoted + to the subject which has just been imported from that country, <i>The + History and Practice of the Art of Photography, &c.</i>, by Henry H. + Snelling, <i>Fourth Edition</i>; and though we are bound to admit that it + contains many hints and notes which may render it a useful addition to + the library of the photographer, we still must pronounce it as a work put + together in a loose, unsatisfactory manner, and as being for the most + part a compilation from the best writers in the Old World.</p> + + <p>When Dr. Pauli's <i>Life of Alfred</i> made its appearance it + received, as it deserved, our hearty commendation. We have now to welcome + a translation of it, which has just been published in Bohn's + <i>Antiquarian Library</i>,—<i>The Life of Alfred the Great, + translated from the German of Dr. Pauli; to which is appended Alfred's + Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, with a literal English Translation, and + an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and Glossary by</i> Benjamin Thorpe; and it + speaks favourably for the spread of the love of real learning, that it + should answer the publisher's purpose to put forth such a valuable book + in so cheap and popular a form. Mr. Thorpe's scholarship is too well + known to require recognition at our hands.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.—<i>Remains of Pagan + Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England, by</i> J. Y. Akerman. The + present number contains coloured engravings of the <i>Umbo of Shield and + Weapons found at Driffield</i>, and of a <i>Bronze Patera from a Cemetery + at Wingham, Kent</i>.—<i>Gervinus' Introduction to the History of + the Nineteenth Century</i>. Apparently a carefully executed translation + of Dr. Gervinus' now celebrated brochure issued by Mr. Bohn; who has, in + his <i>Standard Library</i>, given us a new edition of <i>De Lolme on the + Constitution</i>, with notes by J. Macgregor, M.P.; and in his + <i>Classical Library</i> a translation by C. D. Yonge of <i>Diogenes + Laertius' Lives and Opinions of the Ancient Philosophers</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Walker's Latin Particles</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Herbert's Carolina Threnodia</span>. 8vo. 1702.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored</span>. 4to. 1726.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Scott, Remarks on the best Writings of the best + Authors</span> (or some such title).</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sermons by the Rev. Robert Wake</span>, M.A. 1704, + 1712, &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">History of Ancient Wilts</span>, by <span + class="sc">Sir R. C. Hoare</span>. The last three Parts.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rev. A. Dyce's Edition of Dr. Richard Bentley's + Works</span>. Vol. III. Published by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, + Holborn. 1836.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dissertation on Isaiah XVIII., in a Letter to Edward + King, Esq.</span>, by <span class="sc">Samuel Lord Bishop of + Rochester</span> (<span class="sc">Horsley</span>). The Quarto Edition, + printed for Robson. 1779.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ben Jonson's Works</span>. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., + III., IV. Bds.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sir Walter Scott's Novels</span>. 41 Vols. 8vo. The + last nine Vols. Boards.</p> + + <p>* * * <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>* * * Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p><i>We are compelled to postpone until next week many interesting + articles which are in type, and many Replies to Correspondents.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Riley's</span> <i>Reply to the</i> <span + class="sc">Rev. Mr. Graves'</span> <i>notice of</i> Hoveden <i>did not + reach us in time for insertion this week.</i></p> + + <p>I. A. N. (93rd Highlanders.) <i>Several correspondents, as well as + yourself, complain of the difficulty of obtaining amber varnish. There + are several Eastern gums which much resemble amber, as also a substance + known as "Highgate resin." Genuine amber, when rubbed together, emits a + very fragrant odour similar to a fresh lemon, and does not abrade the + surface. The fictitious amber, on the contrary, breaks or becomes rough, + and has a resinous turpentine-like smell. Genuine amber is to be obtained + generally of the tobacconists, who have often broken mouth-pieces by + them: old necklaces, now out of use, are sold at a very moderate price by + the jewellers. The amber of commerce, used in varnish-making, contains so + much impurity that the waste of chloroform renders it very undesirable to + use. The amber should be pounded in a mortar, and, to an ounce by</i> + measure <i>of chloroform, add a drachm and a half of amber (only about + one-fourth of it will be dissolved), and this requires two days' + maceration. It should be filtered through fine blotting-paper. Being so + very fluid, it runs most freely over the collodion, and, when well + prepared and applied, renders the surface so hard, and so much like the + glass, that it is difficult to know on which side of the glass the + positive really is. The varnish is to be obtained properly made at + from</i> 2s. <i>to</i> 2s. 6d. <i>per ounce; and although this appears + dear, it is not so in use, so very small a portion being requisite to + effectually cover a picture; and the effects exceed every other + application with which we are acquainted,—to say nothing of its</i> + instantaneously <i>becoming hard, in itself a most desirable + requisite.</i></p> + + <p>—— (Islington). <i>Your note has been mislaid, but in all + probability the spots in your collodion would be removed by dipping into + the bottle a small piece of iodide of potassium. Collodion made exactly + as described by</i> <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> <i>in</i> "N. + & Q.," <i>entirely answers our expectations, and we prefer it, for + our own use, to any we have ever been able to procure.</i></p> + + <p>J. M. S. (Manchester) <i>shall receive a private communication upon + his Photographic troubles. We must, however, refer him to our advertising + columns for pure chemicals. Ether ought not to exceed</i> 5s. 6d. <i>the + pint of twenty ounces.</i></p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vi., <i>price Three Guineas, may now + be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published,</p> + + <p><b>PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS</b> of the Catalogue of Manuscripts in + Gonville and Caius College Library. Selected by the REV. J. J. SMITH. + Being Facsimiles of Illumination, Text, and Autograph, done in + Lithograph, 4to. size, with Letter-press Description in 8vo., as + Companion to the published Catalogue, price 1<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A few copies may be had of which the colouring of the Plates is more + highly finished. Price 1<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.</p> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">OFFICERS' BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING.</p> + + <p><b>HEAL & SON</b> beg to call the Attention of Gentlemen requiring + Outfits to their large stock of Portable Bedsteads, Bedding, and + Furniture, including Drawers, Washstands, Chairs, Glasses, and every + requisite for Home and Foreign Service.</p> + + <p>HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham + Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &c.</b>—A Lady + residing within an hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most + healthy and cheerful situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge + of a little girl, to share with her only child (about a year and a half + old) her maternal care and affection, together with the strictest + attention to mental training. Terms, including every possible expense + except medical attendance, 100<i>l.</i> per annum. If required, the most + unexceptionable references can be furnished.</p> + + <p>Address to T. B. S., care of MR. BELL, Publisher, 186, Fleet Street. + <!-- Page 563 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page563"></a>{563}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.</b>—ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.</p> + + <p>The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, + to Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four + o'clock, under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long + been connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to + the Institution.</p> + + <p>A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY.</b>—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for + obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty + seconds, according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY.</b>—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide + of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the + first in England who published the application of this agent (see + <i>Athenæum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.) + retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired + for months: it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound + mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and + all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the + Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the + open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best + Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p><b>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS</b> of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW + EDITION. Translated from the French.</p> + + <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S + celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and + other Talbotype Papers.</p> + + <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p> + + <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.</b>—Negative and Positive Papers of + Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make, Waxed-Paper for + Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of + Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.</b>—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum + of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying + with the different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid + during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per + cent. on the Sum Assured.</p> + + <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders + being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the + benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK + OF PARTNERSHIP.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the + next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later + Assurers.</p> + + <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need + be paid for the first five years.</p> + + <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p> + + <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies + are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p> + + <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the + Society's Agents, or of</p> + + <p class="author">GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + + <p class="address"><i>99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,</b> 2. Royal Exchange + Buildings, London.</p> + + <p>Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>Trustees.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds.</p> + <p>The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House.</p> + <p>John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. + the Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with + its security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, + introduced by this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a + deposit bank: Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, + embracing by one policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an + Endowment, and a Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate + Assurances. Bonus recently declared, 20 per Cent.</p> + + <p>EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>SPECTACLES.</b>—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as + a Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's + Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p><b>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES,</b> with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as + exhibited at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these + Eye-pieces are so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly + perpendicular to the surface of the various lenses, by which the + aberration is completely removed; and a telescope so fitted gives + one-third more magnifying power and light than could be obtained by the + old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on application to</p> + + <p>WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH</b>, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. + Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</b></p> + + <p>3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">WINSLOW HALL, BUCKS.</p> + + <p><b>DR. LOVELL'S SCHOLASTIC ESTABLISHMENT</b> (exclusively for the Sons + of Gentlemen) was founded at Mannheim in 1836, under the Patronage of + H. R. H. the GRANDE DUCHESSE STEPHANIE of Baden, and removed to Winslow + in 1848. The Course of Tuition includes the French and German Languages, + and all other Studies which are Preparatory to the Universities, the + Military Colleges, and the Army Examination. The number of Pupils is + limited to Thirty. The Principal is always in the Schoolroom, and + superintends the Classes. There are also French, German, and English + resident Masters. Prospectus and References can be had on application to + the Principal. <!-- Page 564 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page564"></a>{564}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.</p> + + <p><b>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</b></p> + + <p>(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)</p> + + <p>Of Saturday, May 28, contains Articles on</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Agriculture, history of</p> + <p>Agricultural machinery, by Mr. Mechi</p> + <p>—— statistics, by Mr. Watson</p> + <p>Birds, names of, by Mr. Holt</p> + <p>Bottles, preserve, by Mr. Cuthill</p> + <p>Calendar, horticultural</p> + <p>——, agricultural</p> + <p>Chemical work nuisance</p> + <p>Dahlia, the, by Mr. M<sup>c</sup>Donald</p> + <p>Draining swamps, by Mr. Dumolo</p> + <p>Drill seeding, advantages of</p> + <p>Dropmore Gardens</p> + <p>Exhibition of 1851, estate purchased by commissioners of (with engraving)</p> + <p>Frost, plants injured by, by Mr. Whiting</p> + <p>Gardening, kitchen</p> + <p>Grapes, colouring of</p> + <p>Heating, gas, (with engraving)</p> + <p>Land, transfer of</p> + <p>Law relating to land</p> + <p>—— of leases, by Dr. Mackenzie</p> + <p>—— of fixtures, French</p> + <p>Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Society's Journal, rev.</p> + <p>Machinery, agricultural, by Mr. Mechi</p> + <p>Mangold wurzel, by Mr. Watson</p> + <p>Musa Cavendishi</p> + <p>Pipes, to coat, by Dr. Angus Smith</p> + <p>Potatoes, curl in</p> + <p>Potato disease</p> + <p>Preserves, bottles for, by Mr. Cuthill</p> + <p>Rhubarb wine, by Mr. Cuthill</p> + <p>Root, crops on clay, by Mr. Wortley</p> + <p>Royal Botanic Society, report of exhibition</p> + <p>Seeding, advantages of drill</p> + <p>Siphocampylus betulifolius</p> + <p>Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, Linnean, National Floricultural, Agricultural of England</p> + <p>Sparkenhoe Farmers' Club</p> + <p>Statistics, agricultural, by Mr. Watson</p> + <p>Swamps, to drain, by Mr. Dumolo</p> + <p>Tulips, Groom's</p> + <p>Vegetables, culture of</p> + <p>Water-pipe coating, by Dr. Angus Smith</p> + <p>Winter, effects of, by Mr. Whiting</p> + <p>Woods, management of</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + + <p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, + Bark, Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a + condensed account of all the transactions of the week</i>.</p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, Part III. of</p> + + <p><b>LILLY'S CATALOGUE,</b> containing a most extraordinary COLLECTION + of RARE and CURIOUS BLACK-LETTER ENGLISH BOOKS, printed in the Fifteenth + Century, particularly rich in Theology and Works relating to + Controversial Theology, and Historical Books, relating to the Reign of + Queen Elizabeth and James I. on the Jesuits, Seminary Priests, Roman + Catholics, Mary Queen of Scots, Martin Mar-Prelate Tracts, &c. + &c., during this eventful period. Also, a COLLECTION of HISTORICAL + and ANTIQUARIAN BOOKS, in ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHY, HERALDRY, HISTORY, + ANTIQUITIES, &c. &c., in very fine state, in fine old Russia and + calf gilt bindings; besides a Selection of Rare and Curious Books in + English and Miscellaneous Literature, on sale, at the very moderate + prices affixed, by J. LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + + <p>The Catalogue will be forwarded to any Gentleman on the receipt of two + postage stamps; or the whole of Lilly's Catalogues for 1853 on the + receipt of twelve postage stamps.</p> + + <p>*** J. LILLY would most respectfully beg the attention of Collectors + and Literary Gentlemen to the above Catalogue.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED THIS DAY.</p> + + <p><b>BRITANNIC RESEARCHES</b>; or, New Facts and Rectifications of + Ancient British History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. 8vo., pp. 448, + with Engravings, 15<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIALISMS</b> in Use in the County of SUSSEX. By + W. DURRANT COPPER, F.A.S. 12mo., 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>A FEW NOTES on SHAKSPEARE</b>; with occasional Remarks on the + Emendations of the Manuscript-Corrector in Mr. Collier's Copy of the + Folio, 1632. By the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo., 5<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>WILTSHIRE TALES</b>, illustrative of the Dialect and Manners of the + Rustic Population of that County. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Esq. 12mo., + 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>REMAINS of PAGAN SAXONDOM</b>, principally from Tumuli in England, + described and illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, Secretary of the Society of + Antiquaries. Parts I. to V., 4to., 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p> + + <p>*** The Plates are admirably executed by Mr. Basire, and coloured + under the direction of the Author. It is a work well worthy the notice of + the Archæologist.</p> + + <p><b>THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW</b>; consisting of Criticisms upon, + Analyses of, and Extracts from Curious, Useful, and Valuable Old Books. + 8vo. Nos. 1, 2, and 3, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each. (No. 4., August + 1.)</p> + + <p>J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF<br /> +<b>FEMALE MUSICIANS,</b><br /> +<i>Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members.</i></p> + + <p><i>Patroness</i>: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. + <i>Vice-Patronesses</i>: Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her + Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge.</p> + + <p>On FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1853, at the HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS, will be + performed, for the Benefit of this Institution, A GRAND CONCERT of Vocal + and Instrumental Music.</p> + + <p><i>Vocal Performers</i>—Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss + Helen Taylor, Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame F. Lablache and + Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. Benson, and Signor F. Lablache. + Herr Pischek and Herr Staudigl.</p> + + <p>In the Course of the Concert, Madlle. Clauss will play one of her + celebrated Pianoforte Pieces. The Members of the Harp Union, Mr. T. H. + Wright, Herr Oberthür, and Mr. H. J. Trust, will perform the GRAND + NATIONAL FANTASIA for THREE HARPS, composed by Oberthür, as lately played + at Buckingham Palace, by command of Her Majesty.</p> + + <p>THE BAND will be complete in every Department.—<i>Leader</i>, + Mr. H. Blagrove. <i>Conductor</i>, Mr. W. Sterndale Bennett.</p> + + <p>The Doors will open at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at + Eight precisely.</p> + + <p>Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An + Honorary Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One + Payment (which shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled + to Two Tickets of Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit + Concert given by the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will be + thankfully received, and Tickets delivered, by the Secretary,</p> + + <p>MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the + Principal Music-sellers.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE</b> for JUNE contains the following + articles:—1. The Daughters of Charles I. 2. The Exiled Royal Family + of England at Rome in 1736. 3. The Philopseudes of Lucian. 4. History of + the Lead Hills and Gold Regions of Scotland. 5. Survey of Hedingham + Castle in 1592 (with two Plates). 6. Layard's Discoveries in Nineveh and + Babylon (with Engravings). 7. Californian and Australian Gold. 8. + Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Establishment of the Cloth Manufacture + in England by Edward III.—St. James's Park.—The Meaning of + "Romeland."—The Queen's and Prince's Wardrobes in London.—The + Culture of Beet-root.—With Notes of the Month, Reviews of New + Publications, Historical Chronicle, and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>, + including Memoirs of Rear-Adm. Sir T. Fellowes, General Sir T. G. + Montresor, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Walter Gilbert, the Dean of Peterborough, + Professor Scholefield, James Roche, Esq., George Palmer, Esq., Andrew + Lawson, Esq., W. F. Lloyd, Esq., &c. &c. Price 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>MR. PARKER'S NEW MAGAZINE.</p> + + <p><b>THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.—No. II. JUNE.</b></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents</span>.</p> + <p>1. Public Picture Galleries.</p> + <p>2. Poems by Alexander Smith.</p> + <p>3. The Pawnbroker's Window.</p> + <p>4. Notes and Emendations of Shakspeare.</p> + <p>5. The Præraphaelites.</p> + <p>6. Social Life in Paris—<i>continued</i>.</p> + <p>7. The Rappists.</p> + <p>8. Colchester Castle.</p> + <p>9. Cabs and Cabmen.</p> + <p>10. The Lay of the Hero.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Price One Shilling.</i></p> + + <p>London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p><b>NEUROTONICS</b>, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull Newspaper, + June 5, 1852.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,</p> + + <p><b>RESPECTFULLY</b> informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, + that he replies immediately to all applications by letter, for + information respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, + COMMUNION LINEN, &c., &c., supplying full information as to + Prices, together with Sketches, Estimates, Patterns of Materials, + &c., &c.</p> + + <p>Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct + communications by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory + arrangement. PARCELS delivered Free by Railway.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>RECORD AND LITERARY AGENCY.</b>—The advertiser, who has had + considerable experience in topography and genealogy, begs to offer his + services to those gentlemen wishing to collect information from the + Public Record Offices, in any branch of literature, history, genealogy, + or the like, but who, from an imperfect acquaintance with the documents + preserved in those depositories, are unable to prosecute their inquiries + with satisfaction. Address by letter, prepaid, to W. H. HART, New Cross, + Hatcham, Surrey.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, June 4, + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20322-h.htm or 20322-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/2/20322/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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