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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/20322-8.txt b/20322-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9977a35 --- /dev/null +++ b/20322-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3552 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 9, 2007 [EBook #20322] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{541} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 188.] +Saturday, June 4, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Corrections adopted by Pope from the Dunces, by James + Crossley 541 + + Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. + W. R. Arrowsmith 542 + + Devonianisms 544 + + The Poems of Rowley, by Henry H. Breen 544 + + FOLK LORE:--Legend of Llangefelach Tower--Wedding + Divination 545 + + Shakspeare Correspondence:--Shakspearian Drawings + --Thomas Shakspeare--Passage in Macbeth, Act I. + Sc. 5.--"Discourse of Reason" 545 + + MINOR NOTES:--The MSS. of Gervase Hollis--Anagrams + --Family Caul--Numerous Progeny 546 + + QUERIES:-- + + Smith, Young, and Scrymgeour MSS. 547 + + Mormon Publications, by W. Sparrow Simpson 548 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Dimidiation--Early Christian + Mothers--The Lion at Northumberland House--The + Cross in Mexico and Alexandria--Passage in St. James + --"The Temple of Truth"--Santa Claus--Donnybrook + Fair--Saffron, when brought into England-- + Isping Geil--Humbug--Franklyn Household Book-- + James Thomson's Will--"Country Parson's Advice + to his Parishioners"--Shakspeare: Blackstone 548 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Turkey Cocks-- + Bishop St. John--Ferdinand Mendez Pinto--Satin-- + Carrier Pigeons 550 + + REPLIES:-- + + "Pylades and Corinna:" Psalmanazar and Defoe, by + James Crossley 551 + + Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh 552 + + Seal of William d'Albini, by E. G. Ballard, &c. 552 + + "Will" and "Shall," by William Bates, &c. 553 + + Inscriptions in Books, by Honoré de Mareville, &c. 554 + + Bacon's "Advancement of Learning," by Thomas + Markby 554 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Test for a good + Lens--Photography and the Microscope--Cement for + Glass Baths--Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing 555 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel + --Lawyers' Bags--"Nine Tailors make a man" + --"Time and I"--Carr Pedigree--Campvere, Privileges + of--Haulf-naked--Old Picture of the Spanish + Armada--Parochial Libraries--How to stain Deal-- + Roger Outlawe--Tennyson--Old Fogie--Errata corrigenda + --Anecdote of Dutens--Gloves at Fairs-- + Arms: Battle-axe--Enough--Feelings of Age--Optical + Query--Cross and Pile, &c. 557 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 561 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 562 + + Notices to Correspondents 562 + + Advertisements 562 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +CORRECTIONS ADOPTED BY POPE FROM THE DUNCES. + +In Pope's "Letter to the Honourable James Craggs," dated June 15, 1711, +after making some observations on Dennis's remarks on the _Essay on +Criticism_, he says-- + + "Yet, to give this man his due, he has objected to one or two lines + with reason; and I will alter them in case of another edition: I will + make my enemy do me a kindness where he meant an injury, and so serve + instead of a friend." + +An interesting paper might be drawn up from the instances, for they are +rather numerous, in which Pope followed out this very sensible rule. I do +not remember seeing the following one noted. One of the heroes of the +_Dunciad_, Thomas Cooke, the translator of Hesiod, was the editor of a +periodical published in monthly numbers, in 8vo., of which nine only +appeared, under the title of _The Comedian, or Philosophical Inquirer_, the +first number being for April, and the last for December, 1732. It contains +some curious matter, and amongst other papers is, in No. 2., "A Letter in +Prose to Mr. Alexander Pope, occasioned by his Epistle in Verse to the Earl +of Burlington." It is very abusive, and was most probably written either by +Cooke or Theobald. After quoting the following lines as they then stood: + + "He buys for Topham drawings and designs, + For Fountain statues, and for Curio coins, + Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone, + And books for Mead, and rarities for Sloane," + +the letter-writer thus unceremoniously addresses himself to the author: + + "Rarities! how could'st thou be so silly as not to be particular in the + rarities of Sloane, as in those of the other five persons? What + knowledge, what meaning is conveyed in the word _rarities_? Are not + some drawings, some statues, some coins, all monkish manuscripts, and + some books, _rarities_? Could'st thou not find a trisyllable to express + some parts of nature for a collection of which that learned and worthy + physician is eminent? Fy, fy! correct and write-- + + 'Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone, + And books for Mead, and butterflies for Sloane.' + + {542} + + "Sir Hans Sloane is known to have the finest collection of butterflies + in England, and perhaps in the world; and if rare monkish manuscripts + are for Hearne only, how can rarities be for Sloane, unless thou + specifyest what sort of rarities? O thou numskull!"--No. 2., pp. + 15--16. + +The correction was evidently an improvement, and therefore Pope wisely +accepted the benefit, and was the channel through which it was conveyed; +and the passage accordingly now stands as altered by the letter-writer. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS. + +(_Continued from_ p. 522.) + +_Dare_, to lurk, or cause to lurk; used both transitively and +intransitively. Apparently the root of _dark_ and _dearn_. + + "Here, quod he, it ought ynough suffice, + Five houres for to slepe upon a night: + But it were for an olde appalled wight, + As ben thise wedded men, that lie and _dare_, + As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare." + +Tyrwhitt's utterly unwarranted adoption of Speght's interpretation is +"_Dare_, v. Sax. to stare." The reader should always be cautious how he +takes upon trust a glossarist's sly fetch to win a cheap repute for +learning, and over-ride inquiry by the mysterious letters Sax. or Ang.-Sax. +tacked on to his exposition of an obscure word. There is no such Saxon +vocable as _dare_, to stare. Again, what more frequent blunder than to +confound a secondary and derivative sense of a word with its radical and +primary--indeed, sometimes to allow the former to usurp the precedence, and +at length altogether oust the latter: hence it comes to pass, that we find +_dare_ is one while said to imply peeping and prying, another while +trembling or crouching; moods and actions merely consequent or attendant +upon the elementary signification of the word: + + "I haue an hoby can make larkys to _dare_." + Skelton's _Magnifycence_, vol. i. p.269. l. 1358., Dyce's edition; + +on which line that able, but therein mistaken editor's note is, "_to dare_, +i. e. to be terrified, to tremble" (he however also adds, it means to lurk, +to lie hid, and remits his reader to a note at p. 379., where some most +pertinent examples of its true and only sense are given), to which add +these next: + + " . . let his grace go forward, + And _dare_ vs with his cap, like larkes." + First Fol., _Henry VIII._, Act III, Sc. 2. + + "Thay questun, thay quellun, + By frythun by fellun, + The dere in the dellun, + Thay droupun and _daren_". + _The Anturs of Arthur at the Tarnewathelan_, + St. IV. p. 3. Camden Society's Publications. + + "She sprinkled vs with bitter juice of vncouth herbs, and strake + The awke end of hir charmed rod vpon our heades, and spake + Words to the former contrarie. The more she charm'd, the more + Arose we vpward from the ground on which we _darde_ before." + The XIIII. Booke of Ouid's _Metamorphosis_, + p. 179. Arthur Golding's translation: London, 1587. + + "Sothely it _dareth_ hem weillynge this thing; that heuenes weren + before," &c. + +And again, a little further on: + + "Forsothe yee moste dere, one thing _dare_ you nougt (or be not + unknowen): for one day anentis God as a thousande yeeris, and a + thousande yeer as one day."--_C^m 3^m Petre 2._, Wycliffe's + translation: + +in the Latin Vulgate, _latet_ and _lateat_ respectively; in the original, +[Greek: lanthanei] and [Greek: lanthanetô]. Now the book is before me, I +beg to furnish MR. COLLIER with the references to his usage of _terre_, +mentioned in Todd's _Dictionary_, but not given (Collier's _Shakspeare_, +vol. iv. p. 65., note), namely, 6th cap. of Epistle to Ephesians, _prop. +init._; and 3rd of that to Colossians, _prop. fin._ + + * * * * * + + +_Die and live._--This _hysteron proteron_ is by no means uncommon: its +meaning is, of course, the same as live and die, _i. e._ subsist from the +cradle to the grave: + + " . . . Will you sterner be. + Than he that _dies and lives_ by bloody drops?" + First Fol., _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5. + +All manner of whimsical and farfetched constructions have been put by the +commentators upon this very homely sentence. As long as the question was, +whether their wits should have licence to go a-woolgathering or no, one +could feel no great concern to interfere: but it appears high time to come +to Shakspeare's rescue, when MR. COLLIER'S "clever" old commentator, with +some little variation in the letters, and not much less in the sense, reads +"kills" for dies; but then, in the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, Act II. Sc. +3., the same "clever" authority changes "cride-game (cride I ame), said I +well?" into "curds and cream, said I well?"--an alteration certainly not at +odds with the host's ensuing question, "said I well?" saving that that, to +liquorish palate, might seem a rather superfluous inquiry. + + "With sorrow they both _die and live_ + That unto richesse her hertes yeve." + _The Romaunt of the Rose_, v. 5789-90. + + "He is a foole, and so shall he _dye and liue_, + That thinketh him wise, and yet can he nothing." + _The Ship of Fooles_, fol. 67., by Alexander Barclay, 1570. + +{543} + + "Behold how ready we are, how willingly the women of Sparta will _die + and live_ with their husbands."--_The Pilgrimage of Kings and Princes_, + p. 29. + +Except in Shakspeare's behalf, it would not have been worth while to +exemplify so unambiguous a phrase. The like remark may also be extended to +the next word that falls under consideration. + + * * * * * + +_Kindly_, in accordance with kind, viz. nature. Thus, the love of a parent +for a child, or the converse, is kindly: one without natural affection +([Greek: astorgos]) is unkind, kindless, as in-- + + "Remorselesse, treacherous, letcherous, _kindles_ villaine." + _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2. + +Thence _kindly_ expanded into its wider meaning of general benevolence. So +under another phase of its primary sense we find the epithet used to +express the excellence and characteristic qualities proper to the idea or +standard of its subject, to wit, genuine, thrifty, well-liking, +appropriate, not abortive, monstrous, prodigious, discordant. In the +Litany, "the _kindly_ fruits of the earth" is, in the Latin versions +"genuinus," and by Mr. Boyer rightly translated "les fruits de la terre +chaqu'un selon son espèce;" for which Pegge takes him to task, and +interprets _kindly_ "fair and good," through mistake or preference adopting +the acquired and popular, in lieu of the radical and elementary meaning of +the word. (_Anonymiana_, pp. 380--1. Century VIII. No. LXXXI.) The +conjunction of this adjective with _gird_ in a passage of _King Henry VI_. +has sorely gravelled MR. COLLIER: twice over he essays, with equal success, +to expound its purport. First, _loc. cit._, he finds fault with _gird_ as +being employed in rather an unusual manner; or, if taken in its common +meaning of taunt or reproof, then that _kindly_ is said ironically; because +there seems to be a contradiction in terms. (Monck Mason's rank distortion +of the words, there cited, I will not pain the reader's sight with.) MR. +COLLIER'S note concludes with a supposition that _gird_ may possibly be a +misprint. This is the misery! Men will sooner suspect the text than their +own understanding or researches. In Act I. Sc. 1. of _Coriolanus_, +dissatisfied with his previous note, MR. COLLIER tries again, and thinks a +_kindly gird_ may mean a gentle reproof. That the reader may be able to +judge what it does mean, it will be necessary to quote the king's _gird_, +who thus administers a kindly rebuke to the malicious preacher against the +sin of malice, _i.e._ chastens him with his own rod: + + "_King._ Fie, uncle Beauford, I have heard you preach, + That mallice was a great and grievous sinne: + And will not you maintaine the thing you teache, + But prove a chief offender in the same? + + _Warn._ Sweet king: the bishop hath a _kindly gyrd_." + First Part of _King Henry VI._, Act III. Sc. 1. 1st Fol. + +A _gird_, akin to, in keeping with, fitting, proper to the cardinal's +calling; an evangelical _gird_ for an evangelical man: what more _kindly_? +_Kindly_, connatural, homogeneous. But now for a bushel of examples, some +of which will surely avail to insense the reader in the purport of this +epithet, if my explanation does not: + + "God in the congregation of the gods, what more proper and + _kindly_"?--Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 212. _Lib. Ang.-Cath. Theol._ + + "And that (pride) seems somewhat _kindly_ too, and to agree with this + disease (the plague). That pride which swells itself should end in a + tumour or swelling, as, for the most part, this disease doth."--_Id._, + p. 228. + + "And so, you are found; and they, as the children of perdition should + be, are lost. Here are you: and where are they? Gone to their own + place, to Judas their brother. And, as is most _kindly_, the sons to + the father of wickedness; there to be plagued with him for + ever."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. 98. + + "For whatsoever, as the Son of God, He may do, it is _kindly_ for Him, + as the Son of Man, to save the sons of men."--_Id._, p. 253. + + "There cannot be a more _kindly_ consequence than this, our not failing + from their not failing: we do not, because they do not."--_Id._, p. + 273. + + "And here falls in _kindly_ this day's design, and the visible 'per + me,' that happened on it."--_Id._, p. 289. + + "And having then made them, it is _kindly_ that viscera misericordiæ + should be over those opera that came de visceribus."--_Id._, p. 327. + + "The children came to the birth, and the right and _kindly_ copulative + were; to the birth they came, and born they were: in a kind consequence + who would look for other?"--_Id._, p. 348. + + "For usque adeo proprium est operari Spiritui, ut nisi operetur, nec + sit. So _kindly_ (proprium) it is for the spirit to be working as if It + work not, It is not."--_Id._, vol. iii. p. 194. + + "And when he had overtaken, for those two are but presupposed, the more + _kindly_ to bring in [Greek: epelabeto], when, I say, He had overtaken + them, cometh in fitly and properly [Greek: epilambanetai]."--_Id._, + vol. i. p. 7. + + "No time so _kindly_ to preach de Filio hodie genito as hodie."--_Id._, + p. 285. + + "A day whereon, as it is most _kindly_ preached, so it will be most + _kindly_ practised of all others."--_Id._, p. 301. + + "Respice et plange: first, 'Look and lament' or mourn; which is indeed + the most _kindly_ and natural effect of such a spectacle."--_Id._, vol. + ii. p. 130. + + "Devotion is the most proper and most _kindly_ work of + holiness."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. 377. + +Perhaps the following will be thought so apposite, that I may be spared the +labour, and the reader the tedium of perusing a thousand other examples +that might be cited: + + And there is nothing more _kindly_ than for them that will be touching, + to be touched themselves, and to {544} be touched home, in the same + _kind_ themselves thought to have touched others."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. + 71.[1] + +W. R. ARROWSMITH. + +(_To be continued._) + +[Footnote 1: _Kindly_ is quite a pet word with Andrewes, as, besides the +passages quoted, he employs it in nearly the same sense in vol. iii., at +pp. 18. 34. 102. 161. 189. 262. 308. 372. 393. 397.; in vol. i., at pp. +100. 125. 151. 194. 214.; in vol. ii. at pp. 53. 157. 307. 313. 338. The +same immortal quibbler is also very fond of the word _item_, using it, as +our cousins across the Atlantic and we in Herefordshire do at the present +day, for "a hint."] + + * * * * * + + +DEVONIANISMS. + +_Miserable._--_Miserable_ is very commonly used in Devonshire in the +signification of _miserly_, with strange effect until one becomes used to +it. Hooker the Judicious, a Devonshire man, uses the word in this sense in +the _Eccl. Polity_, book v. ch. lxv. p. 21.: + + "By means whereof it cometh also to pass that the mean which is virtue + seemeth in the eyes of each extreme an extremity; the liberal-hearted + man is by the opinion of the prodigal _miserable_, and by the judgment + of the _miserable_ lavish." + +_Few._--Speaking of broth, people in Devon say a _few broth_ in place of a +little, or some broth. I find a similar use of the word in a sermon +preached in 1550, by Thomas Lever, Fellow of St. John's College, preserved +by Strype (in his _Eccles. Mem._, ii. 422.). Speaking of the poor students +of Cambridge, he says: + + "At ten of the clock they go to dinner, whereas they be content with a + penny piece of beef among four, having a _few pottage_ made of the + broth of the same beef, with salt and oatmeal, and nothing else." + +_Figs, Figgy._--Most commonly _raisins_ are called _figs_, and plum-pudding +_figgy_ pudding. So with plum-cake, as in the following rhymes:-- + + "Rain, rain, go to Spain, + Never come again: + When I brew and when I bake, + I'll give you a _figgy_ cake." + +_Against_ is used like the classical _adversùm_, in the sense of _towards_ +or _meeting_. I have heard, both in Devonshire and in Ireland, the +expression to send _against_, that is, to send _to meet_, a person, &c. + +The foregoing words and expressions are probably provincialisms rather than +Devonianisms, good old English forms of expression; as are, indeed, many of +the so-called Hibernicisms. + +_Pilm, Farroll._--What is the derivation of _pilm_=dust, so frequently +heard in Devon, and its derivatives, _pilmy_, dusty: it _pilmeth_? The +cover of a book is there called the _farroll_; what is the derivation of +this word? + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + + * * * * * + + +THE POEMS OF ROWLEY. + +The tests propounded by MR. KEIGHTLEY (Vol. vii. p. 160.) with reference to +the authenticity of the poems of Rowley, namely the use of "its," and the +absence of the feminine rhyme in _e_, furnish additional proof, if any were +wanting, that Chatterton was the author of those extraordinary productions. +Another test often insisted upon is the occurrence, in those poems, of +borrowed thoughts--borrowed from poets of a date posterior to that of their +pretended origin. Of this there is one instance which seems to have escaped +the notice of Chatterton's numerous annotators. It occurs at the +commencement of _The Tournament_, in the line,-- + + "The _worlde_ bie _diffraunce_ ys ynn _orderr_ founde." + +It will be seen that this line, a very remarkable one, has been cleverly +condensed from the following passage in Pope's _Windsor Forest_:-- + + "But as the _world_, harmoniously confused, + Where _order_ in variety we see; + And where, tho' all things _differ_, all agree." + +This sentiment has been repeated by other modern writers. Pope himself has +it in the _Essay on Man_, in this form,-- + + "The lights and shades, whose well-accorded strife + Gives all the strength and colour of our life." + +It occurs in one of Pascal's _Pensées_: + + "J'écrirai ici mes pensées sans ordre, et non pas peut-être dans une + confusion sans dessein: C'est le véritable ordre, et qui marquera + toujours mon objet par le désordre même." + +Butler has it in the line,-- + + "For discords make the sweetest airs." + +Bernardin de St. Pierre, in his _Etudes de la Nature_: + + "C'est des contraires que résulte l'harmonie du monde." + +And Burke, in nearly the same words, in his _Reflections on the French +Revolution_: + + "You had that action and counteraction, which, in the natural and in + the political world, from the reciprocal struggle of discordant powers, + draws out the harmony of the universe." + +Nor does the sentiment belong exclusively to the moderns. I find it in +Horace's twelfth Epistle: + + "Nil parvum sapias, et adhuc sublimia cures, + . . . . . . + Quid velit et possit rerum concordia discors." + +{545} + +Lucan, I think, has the same expression in his _Pharsalia_; and it forms +the basis of Longinus's remark on the eloquence of Demosthenes: + + [Greek: "Oukoun tên men phusin tôn epanaphorôn kai asundetôn pantêi + phulattei têi sunechei metabolêi? houtôs autôi kai hê taxis atakton, + kai empalin hê ataxia poian perilambanei taxin."] + +It may be said that, as Pope adopted the thought from Horace or Lucan, so a +poet of the fifteenth century (such as the supposed Rowley) might have +taken it from the same sources. But a comparison of the line in _The +Tournament_ with those in _Windsor Forest_ will show that the borrowing +embraces not only the thought, but the very words in which it is expressed. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Legend of Llangefelach Tower._--A different version of the legend also +exists in the neighbourhood, viz. that the day's work on the tower being +pulled down each night by the old gentleman, who was apparently +apprehensive that the sound of the bells might keep away all evil spirits, +a saint, of now forgotten name, told the people that if they would stand at +the church door, and throw a stone, they would succeed in building the +tower on the "spot where it fell," which accordingly came to pass. + +CERIDWEN. + +_Wedding Divination._--Being lately present on the occasion of a wedding at +a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, I was witness to the following +custom, which seems to take rank as a genuine scrap of folk-lore. On the +bride alighting from her carriage at her father's door, a plate covered +with morsels of bride's cake was flung from a window of the second story +upon the heads of the crowd congregated in the street below; and the +divination, I was told, consists in observing the fate which attends its +downfall. If it reach the ground in safety, without being broken, the omen +is a most _un_favourable one. If on the other hand, the plate be shattered +to pieces (and the more the better), the auspices are looked upon as most +happy. + +OXONIENSIS. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Shakspearian Drawings._--I have very recently become possessed of some +curious drawings by Hollar; those relating to Shakspeare very interesting, +evidently done for one Captain John Eyre, who could himself handle the +pencil well. + +The inscription under one is as follows, in the writing of the said J. +Eyre: + + "Ye house in ye Clink Streete, Southwarke, now belonging to Master + Ralph Hansome, and in ye which Master Shakspeare lodged in ye while he + writed and played at ye Globe, and untill ye yeare 1600 it was at the + time ye house of Grace Loveday. Will had ye two Rooms over against ye + Doorway, as I will possibly show." + +Size of the drawing, 12 × 7, "W. Hollar delin., 1643." It is an exterior +view, beautifully executed, showing very prominently the house and a +continuation of houses, forming one side of the street. + +The second has the following inscription in the same hand: + + "Ye portraiture of ye rooms in ye which Master Will Shakspeare lodged + in Clink Streete, and which is told to us to be in ye same state as + when left by himself, as stated over ye door in ye room, and on the + walls were many printed verses, also a portraiture of Ben Jonson with a + ruff on a pannel." + +Size of the drawing 11-5/8 × 6-7/8, "W. Hollar delin., 1643:" shows the +interior of three sides, and the floor and ceiling, with the tables, +chairs, and reading-desk; an open door shows the interior of his +sleeping-room, being over the entrance door porch. + +The third-- + + "Ye Globe, as to be seen before ye Fire in ye year 1615, when this + place was burnt down. This old building," &c. + +Here follows a long interesting description. It is an exterior view; size +of drawing 7¼ wide × 9-7/8 high, "W. H. 1640." + +The fourth shows the stage, on which are two actors: this drawing, 7-7/8 × +6½, was done by J. Eyre, 1629, and on which he gives a curious description +of his accompanying Prince Charles, &c.; at this time he belonged to the +Court, as he also accompanied that prince to Spain. + +The fifth, done by the same hand in a _most masterly manner_, pen and ink +portrait of Shakspeare, copied, as he writes, from a portrait belonging to +the Earl of Essex, with interesting manuscript notice. + +The sixth, done also by J. Eyre: + + "Ye portraiture of one Master Ben Jonson, as on ye walls of Master Will + Shakspeare's rooms in Clinke Streete, Southwarke."--J. E. 1643. + +The first three, in justice to Hollar, independent of the admirers of the +immortal bard and lovers of antiquities, should be engraved as "Facsimiles +of the Drawings." This shall be done on my receiving the names of sixty +subscribers, the amount of subscription one guinea, for which each +subscriber will receive three engravings, to be paid for when delivered. + +P. T. + +P. S.--These curious drawings may be seen at No. 1. Osnaburgh Place, New +Road. + +_Thomas Shakspeare._--From a close examination of the documents referred to +(as bearing the signature of Thomas Shakspeare) in my last {546} +communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 405.), and from the _nature_ of +the _transaction_ to which they relate, _my impression_ is, that he was by +profession a money scrivener in the town of Lutterworth; a circumstance +which may possibly tend to the discovery of his family connexion (if any +existed) with William Shakspeare. + +CHARLECOTE. + +_Passage in Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5._-- + + " . . . Come, thick night, + And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, + That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, + Nor heaven peep through the _blanket_ of the dark, + To cry, Hold, hold!" + +In MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S _Notes and Emendations_, p. 407., we are informed +that the old corrector substitutes _blankness_ for _blanket_. The change is +to me so exceedingly bad, even if made on some sort of authority (as an +extinct 4to.), that I should have let it be its own executioner, had not +MR. COLLIER apparently given in his adhesion to it. I now beg to offer a +few obvious reasons why _blanket_ is unquestionably Shakspeare's word. + +In the _Rape of Lucrece_, Stanza CXV., we have a passage very nearly +parallel with that in _Macbeth_: + + "O night, thou furnace of foul reeking smoke, + Let not the jealous day behold thy face, + Which underneath thy _black all-hiding cloak_, + Immodestly lies martyr'd with disgrace." + +In _Lucrece_, the _cloak_ of night is invoked to screen a deed of adultery; +in _Macbeth_ the _blanket_ of night is invoked to hide a murder: but the +foul, reeking, smoky cloak of night, in the passage just quoted, is clearly +parallel with the smoky blanket of night in _Macbeth_. The complete imagery +of both passages has been happily caught by Carlyle (_Sartor Resartus_, +1841, p. 23.), who, in describing night, makes Teufelsdröckh say: + + "Oh, under that _hideous coverlet of vapours, and putrefactions, and + unimaginable gases_, what a fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid!" + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_"Discourse of Reason"_ (Vol. vii., p. 497.).--This phrase, "generally +supposed to be peculiarly Shakspearian," which A. E. B. has indicated in +his quotation from Philemon Holland, occurs also in Dr. T. Bright's +_Treatise of Melancholy_, the date of which is 1586. In the third page of +the dedicatory epistle there is this sentence: + + "Such as are of quicke conceit, and delighted in _discourse of reason_ + in naturall things." + +Here, then, is another authority against Gifford's proposed "emendation" of +the expression as it occurs in _Hamlet_. + +M. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The MSS. of Gervase Hollis._--These were taken during the reign of Charles +I., and continue down to the middle of Charles II. In Harl. MSS. 6829, will +be found a most curious and valuable volume, containing the painted glass, +arms, monuments, brasses, and epitaphs in the various churches and chapels, +&c. throughout the county of Lincoln. The arms are all drawn in the margin +in colours. Being taken before the civil war, they contain all those which +were destroyed or defaced by the Parliament army. They were all copied by +Gough, which he notices in his _Brit. Top._, vol. i. p. 519., but not +printed. + +His genealogical collections are contained in a series of volumes marked +with the letters of the alphabet, and comprehended in the Lansdowne +Catalogue under No. 207. The Catalogue is very minute, and the contents of +the several volumes very miscellaneous; and some of the genealogical notes +are simply short memoranda, which, in order to be made available, must be +wrought out from other sources. They all relate more or less to the county +of Lincoln. One of these, called "Trusbut," was presented to the British +Museum by Sir Joseph Banks in 1817, and will be found in Add. MSS. 6118. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +_Anagrams._--The publication of two anagrams in your Number for May 7, +calls to my mind a few that were made some years ago by myself and some +friends, as an experiment upon the anagrammatic resources of words and +phrases. A subject was chosen, and each one of the party made an anagram, +good, bad, or indifferent, out of the component letters. The following may +serve as a specimen of the best of the budget that we made. + + 1. French Revolution. + Violence, run forth! + + 2. Swedish Nightingale. + Sing high! sweet Linda. (_q. d._ di Chamouni.) + + 3. Spanish Marriages. + Rash games in Paris; or, Ah! in a miser's grasp. + + 4. Paradise Lost. + Reap sad toils. + + 5. Paradise Regained. + Dead respire again. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Family Caul--Child's Caul._--The will of Sir John Offley, Knight, of +Madeley Manor, Staffordshire (grandson of Sir Thomas Offley, Lord Mayor of +London temp. Eliz.), proved at Doctors' Commons 20th May, 1658, contains +the following singular bequest: + + "Item, I will and devise one Jewell done all in Gold enammelled, + wherein there is a Caul that covered my face and shoulders when I first + came into the world, the use thereof to my loving Daughter the Lady + {547} Elizabeth Jenny, so long as she shall live; and after her decease + the use likewise thereof to her Son, Offley Jenny, during his natural + life; and after his decease to my own right heirs male for ever; and so + from Heir to Heir, to be left so long as it shall please God of his + Goodness to continue any Heir Male of my name, desiring the same Jewell + be not concealed nor sold by any of them." + +CESTRIENSIS. + +_Numerous Progeny._--The _London Journal_ of Oct. 26, 1734, contains the +following paragraph: + + "Letters from Holderness, in Yorkshire, mention the following + remarkable inscription on a tombstone newly erected in the churchyard + of Heydon, viz. 'Here lieth the body of William Strutton, of + Padrington, buried the 18th of May, 1734, aged 97, who had by his first + wife 28 children, and by a second wife 17; own father to 45, + grandfather to 86, great-grandfather to 97, and great-great-grandfather + to 23; in all 251.'" + +T. B. H. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +SMITH, YOUNG, AND SCRYMGEOUR MSS. + +Thomas Smith, in his _Vitæ Illustrium_, gives extracts from a so-called +Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young, but which Sir Peter compiled during the +latter years of his life. Thomas Hearne says, in a note to the Appendix to +Leland's _Collectanea_, that he had had the use of some of Smith's MSS. +This Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young may be worth the publishing if it can be +found: can any of your readers say whether it is among Smith's or Hearne's +MSS., or if it be preserved elsewhere? Peter Young, and his brother +Alexander, were pupils of Theodore Beza, having been educated chiefly at +the expense of their maternal uncle Henry Scrymgeour, to whose valuable +library Peter succeeded. It was brought to Scotland by Alexander about the +year 1573 or 1574, and was landed at Dundee. It was especially rich in +Greek MSS.; and Dr. Irvine, in his "Dissertation on the Literary History of +Scotland," prefixed to his _Lives of the Scottish Poets_, says of these +MSS. and library, "and the man who is so fortunate as to redeem them from +obscurity, shall assuredly be thought to have merited well from the +republic of letters." It is much to be feared, however, that as to the MSS. +this good fortune awaits no man; for Sir Peter Young seems to have given +them to his fifth son, Patrick Young, the eminent Greek scholar, who was +librarian to Prince Henry, and, after his death, to the king, and to +Charles I. Patrick Young's house was unfortunately burned, and in it +perished many MSS. belonging to himself and to others. If Scrymgeour's MSS. +escaped the fire, they are to be sought for in the remnant of Patrick +Young's collection, wherever that went, or in the King's Library, of which +a considerable part was preserved. Young's house was burned in 1636, and he +is supposed to have carried off a large number of MSS. from the royal +library, after the king's death in 1649. If therefore Scrymgeour's MSS. +were among these, it is possible that they may yet be traced, for they +would be sold with Young's own, after his death in 1652. This occurred on +the 7th of September, rather suddenly, and he left no will, and probably +gave no directions about his MSS. and library, which were sold _sub hastâ_, +probably within a few months after his death, and with them any of the MSS. +which he may have taken from the King's Library, or may have had in his +possession belonging to others. Smith says that he had seen a large +catalogue of MSS. written in Young's own hand. Is this catalogue extant? +Patrick Young left two daughters, co-heiresses: the elder married to John +Atwood, Esq.; the younger, to Sir Samuel Bowes, Kt. A daughter of the +former gave to a church in Essex a Bible which had belonged to Charles I.; +but she knew so little of her grandfather's history that she described him +as Patrick Young, Esq., library keeper to the king, quite unconscious that +he had been rector of two livings, and a canon and treasurer of St. Paul's. +Perhaps, after all, the designation was not so incorrect, for though he +held so many preferments, he never was in priest's orders, and sometimes +was not altogether free from suspicion of not being a member of the Church +of England at all, except as a recipient of its dues, and of course, a +deacon in its orders. + +But it may be worthy of note, as affording another clue by which, +perchance, to trace some of Scrymgeour's MSS., that Sir Thomas Bowes, Kt., +who was Sir Symonds D'Ewes's literary executor, employed Patrick Young to +value a collection of coins, &c., among which he recognised a number that +had belonged to the king's cabinet, and which Sir Symonds had purchased +from Hugh Peters, by whom they had been purloined. Young taxed Peters with +having taken books, and MSS. also, which the other denied, with the +exception of two or three, but was not believed. I do not know what +relation Sir Thomas Bowes was to Sir Samuel, who married Young's second +daughter, nor to Paul Bowes, who edited D'Ewes's _Journals_ in 1682. It is +quite possible that some of Scrymgeour's MSS. may have fallen into D'Ewes's +hands, may have come down, and be recognisable by some mark. + +As to Scrymgeour's books, it is probable that they were deposited in Peter +Young's house of Easter Seatoun, near to Arbroath, of which he obtained +possession about 1580, and which remained with his descendants for about +ninety years, when his great-grandson sold it, and purchased the castle and +part of the lands of Aldbar. That any very fine library was removed thither +is not probable, especially any bearing Henry {548} Scrymgeour's name; and +for this reason, that Thomas Ruddiman was tutor to David Young, and was +resident at Aldbar, and would hardly have failed to notice, or to record, +the existence of any so remarkable a library as Scrymgeour's, or even of +Sir Peter Young's, who was himself an ardent collector of books, as appears +from some of his letters to Sir Patrick Vans (_recte_ Vaux) which I have +seen, and as might be inferred from his literary tastes and pursuits. There +is perhaps reason to believe that Sir Peter's library did not descend in +his family beyond his eldest son, Sir James Young, who made an attempt to +deprive the sons of his first marriage (the elder of whom died in infancy) +of their right of succession to their grandfather's estates, secured to +them under their father's marriage contract, and which attempt was defeated +by their uncle, Dr. John Young, Dean of Winchester (sixth son of Sir +Peter), who acquired from Lord Ramsay, eldest son of the Earl of Dalhousie, +part of the barony of Baledmouth in Fife. Dean Young founded a school at +St. Andrew's, on the site of which is now built Dr. Bell's Madras College. + +Sir Peter Young the elder, knighted in 1605, has been sometimes confounded +with his third son, Peter, who received his knighthood at the hands of +Gustavus Adolphus, on the occasion of that king being invested with the +Order of the Garter. + +Another fine library (Andrew Melville's) was brought into Scotland about +the same time as Scrymgeour's; and it is creditable to the statesmen of +James's reign that there was an order in the Scotch exchequer, that books +imported into Scotland should be free from custom. A note of this order is +preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum; but my reference +to the number is not at hand. + +DE CAMERA. + + * * * * * + + +MORMON PUBLICATIONS. + +Can any of your correspondents oblige me by supplying particulars of other +editions of the following Mormon works? The particulars required are the +size, place, date, and number of pages. The editions enumerated below are +the only ones to which I have had access. + +1. _The Book of Mormon_: + + First American edition, 12mo.: Palmyra, 1830, pp. 588., printed by + E. B. Grandin for the author. + + First European edition, small 8vo.: Liverpool, 1841, title, one leaf, + pp. 643., including index at the end. + + Second European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1849. Query number of pages? + + Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xii. 563. + +2. _Book of Doctrine and Covenants_: + + First (?) American edition, 18mo.: Kirkland, 1835, pp. 250. + + Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xxiii, 336. + +3. _Hymn Book for the "Saints" in Europe_: + + Ninth edition, 16mo.: Liverpool, 1851, pp. vii. 379., containing 296 + hymns. + +As I am passing through the press two Lectures on the subject of Mormonism, +and am anxious that the literary history and bibliography of this curious +sect should be as complete as possible, I will venture to ask the favour of +an immediate reply to this Query: and since the subject is hardly of +general interest, as well as because the necessary delay of printing any +communication may hereby be avoided, may I request that any reply be sent +to me at the address given below. I shall also be glad to learn where, and +at what price, a copy of the first _American_ edition of the _Book of +Mormon_ can be procured. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + 14. Grove Road, + North Brixton, Surrey. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Dimidiation._--Is the practice of _dimidiation_ approved of by modern +heralds, and are examples of it common? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Early Christian Mothers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me +whether the Christian mothers of the first four or five centuries were much +in the habit of using the rod in correcting their children; and whether the +influence acquired by the mother of St. Chrysostom, and others of the same +stamp, was not greatly owing to their having seldom or never inflicted +corporal punishment on them? + +PATER. + +_The Lion at Northumberland House._--One often hears the anecdote of a wag +who, as alleged, stared at the lion on Northumberland House until he had +collected a crowd of imitators around him, when he cried out, "By Heaven! +it wags, it wags," and the rest agreed with him that the lion did wag its +tail. If this farce really took place, I should be glad to know the date +and details. + +J. P. + +Birmingham. + +_The Cross in Mexico and Alexandria._--In _The Unseen World; Communications +with it, real and imaginary, &c._, 1850, a work which is attributed to an +eminent divine and ecclesiastical historian of the English Church, it is +stated that-- + + "It was a tradition in Mexico, before the arrival of the Spaniards, + that when that form (the sign of the cross) should be victorious, the + old religion should disappear. The same sign is also said to have been + {549} discovered on the destruction of the temple of Serapis at + Alexandria, and the same tradition to have been attached to it."--P. + 23. + +The subject is very curious, and one in which I am much interested. I am +anxious to refer to the original authorities for the tradition in both +cases. It is known that the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of +rain. We have the following curious account thereof in _The Pleasant +Historie of the Conquest of West India, now called Newe Spayne_, translated +out of the Spanish tongue by T. N., anno 1578: + + "At the foote of this temple was a plotte like a churchyard, well + walled and garnished with proper pinnacles; in the midst whereof stoode + a crosse of ten foote long, the which they adored for god of the rayne; + for at all times whe they wanted rayne, they would go thither on + procession deuoutely, and offered to the crosse quayles sacrificed, for + to appease the wrath that the god seemed to have agaynste them: and + none was so acceptable a sacrifice, as the bloud of that little birde. + They used to burne certaine sweete gume, to perfume that god withall, + and to besprinkle it with water; and this done, they belieued assuredly + to haue rayne."--P. 41. + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors, Kirton Lindsey. + +_Passage in St. James._--I hope you will not consider the following Query +unsuited to your publication, and in that case I may confidently anticipate +the removal of my difficulty. + +In reading yesterday Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Living and Dying_, I came to +this passage (p. 308. Bohn's edition): + + "St. James, in his epistle, notes the folly of some men, his + contemporaries, who were so impatient of the event of to-morrow, or the + accidents of next year, or the good or evils of old age, that they + would consult astrologers and witches, oracles and devils, what should + befall them the next calends--what should be the event of such a + voyage--what God had written in his book concerning the success of + battles, the election of emperors, &c.... Against this he opposes his + counsel, that we should not search after forbidden records, much less + by uncertain significations," &c. + +Now my Query is, To what epistle of St. James does the eloquent bishop +refer? If to the canonical epistle, to what part? To the words (above +quoted) "forbidden records" there is a foot-note, which contains only the +well-known passage in Horace, lib. i. od. xi., and two others from +Propertius and Catullus. + +S. S. S. + +_"The Temple of Truth."_--Who was the author of an admirable work entitled +_The Temple of Truth_, published in 1806 by Mawman? + +T. B. H. + +_Santa Claus._--Reading _The Wide Wide World_ recalled to my mind this +curious custom, which I had remarked when in America. I was then not a +little surprised to find so strange a superstition lingering in puritanical +New England, and which, it is needless to remark, was quite novel to me. +_Santa Claus_ I believe to be a corruption of _Saint Nicholas_, the +tutelary saint of sailors, and consequently a great favourite with the +Dutch. Probably, therefore, the custom was introduced into the western +world by the compatriots of the renowned Knickerbocker. + +It is unnecessary to describe the nature of the festivity, as it is so +graphically pourtrayed in Miss Wetherell's, or rather Warner's work, to +which I would refer those desirous of further acquaintance with the +subject; the object of this Query being to learn, through some of the +American or other correspondents of "N. & Q.," the original legend, as well +as the period and events connected with the immigration into "The States" +of that beneficent friend of Young America, _Santa Claus_. + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + +_Donnybrook Fair._--This old-established fair, so well known in every +quarter of the globe, and so very injurious to the morality of those who +frequent it, is said to be held by patent: but is there any patent for it +in existence? If there be, why is it not produced? I am anxious to obtain +information upon the subject. + +ABHBA. + +_Saffron, when brought into England._--In a footnote to Beckmann's _History +of Inventions, &c._, vol. i. p. 179. (Bohn's), is the following, purporting +to be from Hakluyt, vol. ii. p. 164.: + + "It is reported at Saffron Walden that a pilgrim, proposing to do good + to his country, stole a head of saffron, and hid the same in his + palmer's staff, which he had made hollow before on purpose, and so he + brought this root into this realm, with venture of his life; for if he + had been taken, by the law of the country from whence it came, he had + died for the fact." + +Can any of your readers throw any light upon this tradition? + +W. T. + +Saffron Walden. + +_Isping Geil._--In a charter of Joanna Fossart, making a grant of lands and +other possessions to the priory of Grosmont in Yorkshire, is the following +passage as given in Dugdale's _Monasticon_ (I quote from Bohn's edition, +1846, vol. vi. p. 1025.): + + "Dedi eis insuper domos meas in Eboraco; illas scilicet quæ sunt inter + domos Laurentii clerici quæ fuerunt Benedicti Judæi et _Isping Geil_, + cum tota curia et omnibus pertinentiis." + +Can any of your readers, and in particular any of our York antiquaries, +inform me whether the "Isping Geil" mentioned in this passage is the name +of a person, or of some locality in that city now obsolete? In either case +I should be glad of any information as to the etymology of so singular +{550} a designation, which may possibly have undergone some change in +copying. + +[Greek: Th.] + +_Humbug._--When was this word introduced into the English language? The +earliest instance in which I have met with it is in one of Churchill's +Poems, published about the year 1750. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +_Franklyn Household Book._--Can any reader inform me in whose keeping, the +Household Book of Sir John Franklyn _now_ is?[2] Extracts were published +from it in the _Archæologia_, vol. xv. + +J. K. + +[Footnote 2: [Sir John Franklyn's _Household Book_ was in the possession of +Sir John Chardin Musgrave, of Eden Hall, co. Cumberland, who died in 1806. +Some farther extracts, consisting of about thirty items, relating to +archery (not given in the _Archæologia_) will be found in the British +Museum, Add. MSS. 6316. f. 30. Among other items is the following: "Oct. +20, 1642. Item, for a pound of tobacco for the Lady Glover, 12s." Sir John +Franklyn, of Wilsden, co. Middlesex, was M.P. for that county in the +beginning of the reign of Charles I., and during the Civil Wars.--ED.]] + +_James Thomson's Will._--Did the author of the _Seasons_ make a will? If +so, where is the original to be seen? + +D. + +Leamington. + +_"Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners."_--Could you inquire through +your columns who the author of a book entitled _The Country Parson's Advice +to his Parishioners_ is? It was printed for Benjamin Tooke, at the Ship, in +St. Paul's Church Yard, 1680. + +I have a singular copy of this book, and know at present of no other copy. +The booksellers all seem at a loss as to who the author was; some say +Jeremy Taylor, others George Herbert; but my date does not allow the +latter,--at least it makes it very improbable, unless it was published +after his death. The book itself is like George Herbert's style, very solid +and homely; it is evidently by some masterly hand. Should you be able to +give me information, or get it for me, I should be obliged. I think of +reprinting the book. + +GEO. NUGÉE. + +Senior Curate of St. Paul's, Wilton Place. + +_Shakspeare--Blackstone._--In Moore's _Diary_, vol. iv. p. 130., he says,-- + + "Mr. Duncan mentioned, that Blackstone has preserved the name of the + judge to whom Shakspeare alludes in the grave-digger's argument?-- + + 'If the water comes to the man,' &c." + +Will one of your Shakspearian or legal correspondents have the kindness to +name the judge so alluded to, and give a reference to the passage in +Blackstone in which he conveys this information? + +IGNORAMUS. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Turkey Cocks._--Why are Turkey cocks so called, seeing they were not +imported from Turkey? + +CAPE. + + [This Query did not escape the notice of Dr. Samuel Pegge. He says; + "The cocks which Pancirollus (ii. tit. 1.) mentions as brought from + America, were Turkey cocks, as Salmuth there (p. 28.) rightly observes. + The French accordingly call this bird _Coq d'Inde_, and from _d'Inde_ + comes the diminutive _Dindon_, the young Turkey; as if one should say, + 'the young Indian fowl.' Fetching the Turkey from America accords well + with the common notion: + + 'Turkeys, carps, hops, pikarel, and beer, + Came into England all in a year;' + + that is, in the reign of Henry VIII., after many voyages had been made + to North America, where this bird abounds in an extraordinary manner. + But Query how this bird came to be called Turkey? Johnson latinizes it + _Gallina Turcica_, and defines it, 'a large domestic fowl brought from + Turkey;' which does not agree with the above account from Pancirollus. + Brookes says (p. 144.), 'It was brought into Europe either from India + or Africa.' And if from the latter, it might be called _Turkey_, though + but improperly."--_Anonymiana_, cent. x. 79.] + +_Bishop St. John._--The following passage occurs at vol. iv. p. 84. of the +Second Series of Ellis's _Original Letters, Illustrative of English +History_. It is taken from the letter numbered 326, dated London, Jan. 5, +1685-6, and addressed "for John Ellis, Esq., Secretary of his Majesty's +Revenue in Ireland, Dublin:" + + "The Bishop of London's fame runs high in the vogue of the people. The + London pulpits ring strong peals against Popery; and I have lately + heard there never were such eminently able men to serve in those cures. + The Lord Almoner Ely is thought to stand upon too narrow a base now in + his Majesty's favour, from a late violent sermon on the 5th of + November. I saw him yesterday at the King's Levy; and very little + notice taken of him, which the more confirms what I heard. Our old + friend the new Bishop St. John, gave a smart answer to a (very well + put) question of his M---- with respect to him, that shows he is not + altogether formed of court-clay; but neither you nor I shall withdraw + either of our friendship for him on such an account." + +All who know this period of our history, know Compton and Turner; but who +was Bishop St. John? + +J. J. J. + + [An error in the transcription. In the manuscript it reads thus: + "Bish^p S^r Jon^n," and clearly refers to Sir Jonathan Trelawney, + Bart., consecrated bishop of {551} Bristol, Nov. 8, 1685, translated to + Exeter in 1689, and to Winchester in 1707.] + +_Ferdinand Mendez Pinto._-- + + "Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, thou liar of the first + magnitude!" + +Where is the original of the above to be found? Was Ferdinand Mendez Pinto +a real or imaginary character? + +INQUIRENS. + + [A famous Portuguese traveller, in no good odour for veracity. His + _Travels_ have been translated into most European languages, and twice + published in English. A notice of Pinto will be found in Rose's _Biog. + Dict._, s. v.] + +_Satin._--What is the origin of the word _satin_? + +CAPE. + + [See Ogilvie and Webster. "Fr. _satin_; W. _sidan_, satin or silk; Gr. + and Lat. _sindon_; Ch. and Heb. _sedin_; Ar. _sidanah_."] + +_Carrier Pigeons._--When were carrier pigeons first used in Europe? + +CAPE. + + [Our correspondent will find some interesting notices of the early use + of the carrier pigeon in Europe in the _Penny Cyclopædia_, vol. vii. p. + 372., art. "COLUMBIDÆ;" and in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, vol. vi. + p. 176., art. "CARRIER PIGEON."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +"PYLADES AND CORRINA."--PSALMANAZAR AND DEFOE. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 305. 435. 479.) + +I had forwarded for insertion a short answer to the Query as to _Pylades +and Corinna_ before DR. MAITLAND'S communication was printed; but as it now +appears more distinctly what was the object of the Query, I can address +myself more directly to the point he has raised. And, in the first place, I +cannot suppose that Defoe had anything to do with _Pylades and Corinna_, or +the _History of Formosa_. In all Defoe's fictions there is at least some +trace of the master workman, but in neither of these works is there any +putting forth of his power, or any similitude to his manner or style. When +the _History of Formosa_ appeared (1704), he was ingrossed in politics, and +was not, as far as any evidence has yet informed us, in the habit of +translating or doing journeyman work for booksellers. Then the book itself +is, in point of composition, far beneath Defoe, even in his most careless +moods. As to _Pylades and Corinna_, Defoe died so soon after Mrs. +Thomas--she died on the 3rd February, 1731, and he on the 24th April +following, most probably worn out by illness--that time seems scarcely +afforded for getting together and working up the materials of the two +volumes published. The editor, who signs himself "Philalethes," dates his +Dedication to the first volume, in which are contained the particulars +about Psalmanazar, "St. John Baptist, 1731," which day would be after +Defoe's death. Nor is there any ground for supposing that Defoe and Curll +had much connexion as author and publisher. Curll only printed two works of +Defoe, as far as I have been able to discover, the _Memoirs of Dr. +Williams_ (1718, 8vo.), and the _Life of Duncan Campbell_ (1720, 8vo.), and +for his doing so, in each case, a good reason may be given. As regards the +genuineness of the correspondence in _Pylades and Corinna_, I do not see +any reason to question it. Sir Edward Northey's certificate, and various +little particulars in the letters themselves, entirely satisfy me that the +correspondence is not a fictitious one. The anecdotes of Psalmanazar are +quite in accordance with his own statements in his Life--(see particularly +p. 183., _Memoirs_, 1765, 8vo.); and if they were pure fiction, is it not +likely that, living in London at the time when they appeared, he would have +contradicted them? In referring (Vol. vii., p. 436., "N. & Q.") to the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ for these anecdotes, I had not overlooked their +having appeared in _Pylades and Corinna_, but had not then the latter book +at hand to include it in the reference. DR. MAITLAND considers _Pylades and +Corinna_ "a farrago of low rubbish, utterly beneath criticism." Is not this +rather too severe and sweeping a character? Unquestionably the poetry is +but so-so, and of the poem the greater part might have been dispensed with; +but, like all Curll's collections, it contains some matter of interest and +value to those who do not despise the minutiæ of literary investigation. +The Autobiography of the unfortunate authoress (Mrs. Thomas), who was only +exalted by Dryden's praise to be ignominiously degraded by Pope, and "whose +whole life was but one continued scene of the utmost variety of human +misery," has always appeared to me an interesting and rather affecting +narrative; and, besides a great many occasional notices in the +correspondence, which are not without their use, there are interspersed +letters from Lady Chudleigh, Norris of Bemerton, and others, which are not +to be elsewhere met with, and which are worth preserving. + +For Psalmanazar's character, notwithstanding his early peccadilloes, I can +assure DR. MAITLAND that I have quite as high a respect as himself, even +without the corroborative evidence of our great moralist, which on such a +subject may be considered as perfectly conclusive. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * {552} + + +ROBERT WAUCHOPE, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 66.) + +This prelate seems to have been a cadet of the family of Wauchope, of +Niddry, or Niddry Marischall, in the county of Midlothian, to which family +once belonged the lands of Wauchopedale in Roxburghshire. The exact date of +his birth I have never been able to discover, nor which "laird of Niddrie" +he was the son of. Robert was a favourite name in the family long before +his time, as is evidenced by an inscription at the entry to a burial chapel +belonging to the family to this effect: "This tome was Biggit Be Robert +Vauchop of Niddrie Marchal, and interit heir 1387." I am at present out of +reach of all books of reference, and have only a few manuscript memoranda +to direct further research; and these memoranda, I am sorry to say, are not +so precise in their reference to chapter and verse as they ought to be. + +According to these notes, mention is made of Robert Wauchope, doctor of +Sorbonne, by Leslie, bishop of Ross, in the 10th book of his _History_; by +Labens, a Jesuit, in the 14th tome of his _Chronicles_; by Cardinal +Pallavicino, in the 6th book of his _Hist. Conc. Trid._; by Fra Paolo +Sarpi, in his _Hist. Conc. Trid._ Archbishop Spottiswood says that he died +in Paris in the year 1551, "much lamented of all the university," on his +return home from one of his missions to Rome. + +One of my notes, taken from the _Memoirs of Sir James Melville_, I shall +transcribe, as it is suggestive of other Queries more generally +interesting. The date is 1545: + + "Now the ambassador met in a secret part with Oneel(?) and his + associates, and heard their offers and overtures. And the patriarch of + Ireland did meet him there, who was a Scotsman born, called Wauchope, + and was blind of both his eyes, and yet had been divers times at Rome + by post. He did great honour to the ambassadour, and conveyed him to + see St. Patrick's Purgatory, which is like an old coal pit which had + taken fire, by reason of the smoke that came out of the hole." + +Query 1. What was the secret object of the ambassador? + +Query 2. Has St. Patrick's Purgatory any existence at the present time? + +D. W. S. P. + + * * * * * + + +SEAL OF WILLIAM D'ALBINI. + +(Vol. vii., p. 452.) + +The curious article of your correspondent SENEX relative to this seal, as +described and figured in Barrett's _History of Attleburgh_, has a peculiar +interest as connected with the device of a man combating a lion. + +The first time I saw this device was in a most curious MS. on "Memorial +Trophies and Funeral Monuments, both in the old Churches of London before +the Fire, and the Churches and Mansions in many of the Counties of +England." The MS. is written by Henry St. George, and will be found in +Lansd. MSS. 874. The arms and tombs are all elaborately and carefully +drawn, with their various localities, and the epitaphs which belong to +them; and the whole is accompanied with an Index of Persons, and another of +Places. + +At p. 28. this device of a man combating a lion is represented associated +with a shield of arms of many quarterings, showing the arms and alliances +of the royal family of Stuart, and is described as having formed the +subject of a window in the stewards house adjoining the church of St. +Andrew's, Holborn. In the _Catalogue of the Lansdowne MSS._ is a long and +interesting note on this device, with references to the various works where +it may be found, to which I have had access at the Museum, and find them +correct, and opening a subject for investigation of a most curious kind. + +The figure of the knight, in this drawing, differs considerably from that +on Dr. Barrett's seal. He is here represented on foot, dressed in the chain +mail and tunic of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, with a close-barred +helmet, with a broad flat crown, such as was worn in France in the time of +Louis IX., called St. Louis. The lion is in the act of springing upon him, +and he is aiming a deadly blow at him with a ragged staff, as his sword +lies broken at his feet. The figure is represented as fighting on the green +sward. From a cloud over the lion proceeds an arm clothed in chain mail, +and holding in the hand, suspended by a baldrick, a shield bearing the arms +of France (modern[3])--Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or. On a scutcheon of +pretence in the centre, Argent, a lion ramp. gules, debruised with ragged +staff, proper. This device forms the 1st quarter of the quarterings of the +Stuart family. + +In this device there is no figure of a lizard, dragon, or chimera, +whichever it is, under the horse's feet, as represented in the seal of +D'Albini. + +I could much extend this reply, by showing the antiquity of this device, +which by a long process of investigation I have traced as connected with +the legendary songs of the troubadours; but I think I have said sufficient +for the present, in reply to SENEX. + +In addition to the above, I may mention a seal of a somewhat similar +character to that of D'Albini, representing a knight on horseback, with his +sword in his hand, and his shield of arms, which are also on the housings +of the horse, under whose feet is the dragon: on the reverse is the {553} +combat of the knight with the lion. The knight is holding his shield in +front, and holding his sword in his left hand. This seal is that of Roger +de Quincy, earl of Winchester, and appended to a deed "M.CC. Quadrigresimo +Quinto." It occurs in Harl. MSS. 6079. p. 127. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +[Footnote 3: I say _modern_, for the ancient arms of France were Azure, +semée of fleurs-de-lis, as they are represented in old glass, when +quartered with those of England by our Henries and Edwards.] + +Pray request SENEX to withdraw every word he has said about me. I do not +recollect that I ever said or wrote a word about the Seal of William +D'Albini; and I cannot find that my name occurs in Dr. Barrett's volume. + +EDW. HAWKINS. + + * * * * * + + +"WILL" AND "SHALL." + +(Vol. vii., p. 356.) + +The difficulty as to the proper use of the auxiliaries _shall_ and _will_, +will be found to arise from the fact, that while these particles +respectively convey a different idea in the _first_ person singular and +plural, from that which they imply in the _second_ and _third_ persons +singular and plural, the distinction has been lost sight of in the +amalgamation of _both_; as if they were interchangeable, in _one_ tense, +according to the old grammatical formula _I shall_ or _will_. With a view +of giving my own views on the subject, and attempting to supply what +appears to me a grammatical deficiency, I shall proceed to make a few +remarks; from which I trust your Hong Kong correspondent W. T. M. may be +able to form "a clear and definite rule," and students of English assisted +in their attempts to overcome this formidable conversational "shibboleth." + +The fact is simply thus:--_Will_ is _volitive_ in the _first_ persons +singular and plural; and simply _declarative_ or _promissory_ in the +_second_ and _third_ persons singular and plural. _Shall_, on the other +hand, is _declaratory_ or _promissory_ in the _first_ person singular and +plural; _volitive_ in the _second_ and _third_ singular and plural. Thus, +the so-called future is properly divisible into _two_ tenses: the _first_ +implying _influence_ or _volition_; the _second_ (or future proper) +_intention_ or _promise_. Thus: + + 1. 2. + + I _will_ go. I _shall_ go. + Thou _shalt_ go. Thou _wilt_ go. + He _shall_ go. He _will_ go. + We _will_ go. We _shall_ go. + You _shall_ go. You _will_ go. + They _shall_ go. They _will_ go. + +When the above is thoroughly comprehended by the pupil, it will be only +necessary to impress upon his mind (as a concise rule) the necessity of +making use of a different auxiliary in speaking of the future actions of +_others_, when he wishes to convey the same idea respecting _such actions_ +which he has done, or should do, in speaking of his _own_, and _vice +versâ_. Thus: + + I _will_ go, and you _shall_ accompany me. + +(_i. e._ it is my _wish_ to go, and also that you shall accompany me.) + + I _shall_ go, and you _will_ accompany me. + +(_i. e._ it is my _intention_ to go; and believe, or know, that it is your +_intention_ to accompany me.) + +The philosophical reason for this distinction will be evident, when we +reflect upon the various ideas produced in the mind by the expression of +either _volition_ or mere _intention_ (in so far as the latter is +distinguishable from active _will_) with regard to _our own_ future +actions, and the same terms with reference to the future actions of +_others_. It will be seen that a mere _intention_ in the _first_ person, +becomes _influence_ when it extends to the _second_ and _third_; we know +nothing, _à priori_ (as it were) of the _intentions_ of others, except in +so far as we may have the power of _determining_ them. When I say "_I_ +shall go" (_j'irai_), I merely express an _intention_ or _promise_ to go; +but if I continue "_You_ and _they_ shall go," I convey the idea that _my_ +intention or promise is operative on _you_ and _them_; and the terms which +I thus use become unintentionally influential or expressive of an extension +of _my_ volition to the actions of _others_. Again, the terms which I use +to signify _volition_, with reference to _my own_ actions, are but +_declaratory_ or _promissory_ when I speak of _your_ actions, or those of +_others_. I am conscious of _my own_ wish to go; but _my_ wish not +influencing _you_, I do, by continuing the use of the same auxiliary, but +express my belief or knowledge that _your_ wish is, or will be, coincident +with _my own_. When I say "I will go" (_je veux aller_), I express a desire +to go; but if I add, "_You_ and _they_ will go," I simply promise on behalf +of _you_ and _them_, or express _my_ belief or knowledge that _you_ and +_they_ will also desire to go. + +It is not unworthy of note, that the nice balance between _shall_ and +_will_ is much impaired by the constant use of the ellipse, "I'll, you'll," +&c.; and that _volition_ and _intention_ are, to a great extent, +co-existent and inseparable in the _first_ person: the metaphysical reasons +for this do not here require explanation. + +I am conscious that I have not elucidated this apparently simple, but +really complex question, in so clear and concise a manner as I could have +wished; but, feeling convinced that my principle at least is sound, I leave +it, for better consideration, in the hands of your correspondent. + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + +Brightland's rule is,-- + + "In the first person simply _shall_ foretells; + In _will_ a threat or else a promise dwells: + {554} + _Shall_ in the second and the third does threat; + _Will_ simply then foretells the coming feat." + +(See T. K. Arnold's _Eng. Gram. for Classical Schools_, 3rd edit., p. 41.; +Mitford, _Harmony of Language_; and note 5. in Rev. R. Twopeny's +_Dissertations on the Old and New Testament_.) + +The inconsistency in the use of _shall_ and _will_ is best explained by a +doctrine of Mr. Hare's (J. C. H.), the _usus ethicus_ of the future. (See +_Cambridge Philological Museum_, vol. ii. p. 203., where the subject is +mentioned incidentally, and in illustration; and Latham's _English +Language_, 2nd edit., p. 498., where Mr. Hare's hypothesis is given at +length. Indeed, from Latham and T. K. Arnold my Note has been framed.) + +F. S., B. A. + +Lee. + + * * * * * + + +INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 127.) + +Your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS, at p. 127. of the current volume of "N. & +Q.," gives several forms of inscriptions in books. The following may prove +interesting to him, if not to the generality of your readers. + +A MS. preserved in the Bibliothèque Sainte Généviève--it appears to have +been the cellarer's book of the ancient abbey of that name, and to have +been written about the beginning of the sixteenth century--bears on the +fly-sheet the name of "Mathieu Monton, religieux et célérier de l'église de +céans," with the following verses: + + "Qui ce livre cy emblera, + Propter suam maliciam + Au gibet pendu sera, + Repugnando superbiam + Au gibet sera sa maison, + Sive suis parentibus, + Car ce sera bien raison, + Exemplum datum omnibus." + +An Ovid, printed in 1501, belonging to the Bibliothèque de Chinon, has the +following verses: + + "Ce present livre est à Jehan Theblereau. + + "Qui le trouvera sy lui rende: + Il lui poyra bien le vin + Le jour et feste Sainct Martin, + Et une mésenge à la Sainct Jean, + Sy la peut prendre. + + "Tesmoin mon synet manuel, cy mis le x^e jour de avril mil v^c trente + et cyns, après Pasque." + +Here follows the paraphe. + +School-boys in France write the following lines in their books after their +names, and generally accompany them with a drawing of a man hanging on a +gibbet: + + "Aspice Pierrot pendu, + Quòd librum n'a pas rendu; + Pierrot pendu non fuisset, + Si librum reddidisset." + +English school-boys use these forms: + + "Hic liber est meus + Testis est Deus. + Si quis furetur + A collo pendetur + Ad hunc modum." + +This is always followed by a drawing of a gibbet. + + "John Smith, his book. + God give him grace therein to look; + Not only look but understand, + For learning is better than house or land. + When house and land are gone and spent, + Then learning is most excellent." + + "John Smith is my name, + England is my nation, + London is my dwelling-place, + And Christ is my salvation. + When I am dead and in my grave, + And all my bones are rotten, + When this you see, remember me, + When I am 'most forgotten." + + "Steal not this book, my honest friend, + For fear the gallows should be your end, + And when you're dead the Lord should say, + Where is the book you stole away?" + + "Steal not this book for fear of shame, + For under lies the owner's name: + The first is JOHN, in letters bright, + The second SMITH, to all men's sight; + And if you dare to steal this book, + The devil will take you with his hook." + +HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + +I forward you the following inscription, which I met with in an old copy of +Cæsar's _Commentaries_ (if I remember rightly) at Pontefract, Yorkshire: + + "Si quis hunc librum rapiat scelestus + Atque scelestis manibus reservet + Ibit ad nigras Acherontis undas + Non rediturus." + +F. F. G. (Oxford). + + * * * * * + + +BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING." + +(Vol. vii., p.493.) + +I have to thank L. for his notice of my edition of the _Advancement of +Learning_, as well as for the information which he has given me, of which I +hope to have an early opportunity of availing myself. As he expresses a +hope that it may be followed by similar editions of other of Bacon's works, +I may state that the _Essays_, with the _Colours of Good and Evil_, are +already printed, and will be issued very shortly. I am quite conscious that +the references in the margin are by no means complete: indeed, as I had +only _horæ subsecivæ_ to give to the work, I did not attempt to make them +so. {555} But I thought it might be useful to give a general indication of +the sources from which the writer drew, and therefore put in all that I +could find, without the expenditure of a great deal of time. Consequently I +fear that those I have omitted will not be found to be the most obvious. + +I shall be glad to make a few remarks on some of the passages noticed by L. + +P. 25.--Of this piece of carelessness--for which I do not the less feel +that I deserved a rebuke because L. has not administered it--I had already +been made aware by the kindness of a friend. I confess I had never heard of +Osorius, which is perhaps no great matter for wonder; but I looked for his +name both in Bayle and the catalogue of the library of the British Museum, +and by some oversight missed it. I have since found it in both. I cannot +help, however, remarking that this is a good example of the advantage of +noting _every_ deviation from the received text. Had I tacitly transposed +three letters of the word in question (a small liberty compared with some +that my predecessors have taken), my corruption of the text might have +passed unnoticed. I have not had much experience in these things; but if +the works of English writers in general have been tampered with by editors +as much as I have found the _Advancement_ and _Essays_ of Lord Bacon to be, +I fear they must have suffered great mutilation. I rather incline to think +it is the case, for I have had occasion lately to compare two editions of +Paley's _Horæ Paulinæ_, and I find great differences in the text. All this +looks suspicious. + +P. 34.--I spent some time in searching for this passage in Aristotle, but I +could not discover it. I did not look elsewhere. + +P. 60.--In the forthcoming edition of the _Essays_ I have referred to +Plutarch, _Gryll._, 1., which I incline to think is the passage Bacon had +in his mind. The passage quoted from Cicero I merely meant to point out for +comparison. + +P. 146.--The passage quoted is from Sen. _ad Lucil._, 52. + +P. 147.--_Ad Lucil._, 53. + +P. 159.--_Ad Lucil._, 71. + +Two or three other passages from Seneca will be found without any +reference. One of them, p. 13., "Quidam sunt tam umbratiles ut putent in +turbido esse quicquid in luce est," I have taken some pains to hunt for, +but hitherto without success. Another noticeable one, "Vita sine proposito +languida et vaga est," is from _Ep. ad Lucil._, 95. + +For the reference to Aristotle I am much obliged. I was anxious to trace +all the quotations from Aristotle, but could not find this one. + +P. 165.--I cannot answer this question. Is it possible that he was thinking +of St. Augustine? In the _Confessions_, i. 25., we kind the expression +_vinum erroris_. + +P. 177.--No doubt Bacon had read the treatise of Sallust quoted, but my +impression is that he thought the proverb had grown out of the line in +Plautus. + +P. 180.--I have searched again for "alimenta socordiæ," as it is quoted in +the _Colours of Good and Evil_, but cannot fix upon any passage from which +I can say it was taken, though there are many which might have suggested +it. One at p. 19. of the _Advancement_, which I missed at first, I have +since met with. It is from the _Cherson._, p. 106. + +THOMAS MARKBY. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Test for a good Lens._--The generality of purchasers of photographic +lenses can content themselves with merely the following rules when they +buy. It ought to be achromatic, _i. e._ consisting of the usual two pieces +of crown and flint glass, that its curves are the most recommended, and +that it is free from bubbles: to ascertain the latter, hold the lens +between the finger and thumb of the right hand, much as an egg-merchant +examines an egg before a strong gas flame, and a little to the right of it; +this reveals every bubble, however small, and another kind of texture like +minute gossamer threads. If these are too abundant, it should not be +chosen; although the best lenses are never altogether free from these +defects, it is on the whole better to have one or two good-sized bubbles +than any density of texture; because it follows, that every inequality will +refract pencils of light out of the direction they ought to go; and as +bubbles do the same thing, but as they do not refract away so much light, +they are not of much consequence. + +I believe if a lens is made as thin as it safely can be, it will be quicker +than a thicker one. I have two precisely the same focus, and one thinner +than the other; the thinner is much the quicker of the two. An apparently +indifferent lens should be tried with several kinds of apertures, till it +will take sharp pictures; but if no size of aperture can make it, or a +small aperture takes a very long time, it is a bad lens. M. Claudet, whose +long experience in the art has given him the requisite judgment, changes +the diameter of his lenses often during the day; and tries occasionally, in +his excellent plan, the places of the chemical focus: by this his time is +always nearly the same, and the results steady. As he is always free in +communicating his knowledge, he will, I think, always explain his method +when he is applied to. The inexperienced photographer is often too prone to +blame his lens when the failure proceeds more from the above causes. The +variation of the chemical focus during a day's work is often the cause of +disappointment: though it does not affect the landscape so much as the +portrait operator. {556} + +If any one has a lens, the chemical and visual focus being different, his +only remedy is M. Claudet's method. And this method will also prove better +than any other way at present known of ascertaining whether a lens will +take a sharp picture or not. If, however, any plan could be devised for +making the solar spectrum visible upon a sheet of paper inside the camera, +it would reduce the question of taking sharp pictures at once into a matter +of certainty. + +All lenses, however, should be tried by the opticians who sell them; and if +they presented a specimen of their powers to a buyer, he could see in a +moment what their capabilities were. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +Bayswater. + +_Photography and the Microscope_ (Vol. vii., p. 507.).--I beg to inform +your correspondents R. I. F. and J., that in Number 3. of the _Quarterly +Journal of Microscopical Science_ (Highley, Fleet Street) they will find +three papers containing more or less information on the subject of their +Query; and a plate, exhibiting two positive photographs from collodion +negatives, in the same number, will give a good idea of what they may +expect to attain in this branch of the art. + +Practically, I know nothing of photography; but, from my acquaintance with +the modern achromatic microscope, I venture to say that photography applied +to this instrument will be of no farther use than as _an assistant to the +draughtsman_. A reference to the plates alluded to will show how +incompetent it is to produce _pictures_ of microscopic objects: any one who +has seen these objects under a good instrument will acknowledge that these +specimens give but a very faint idea of what the microscope actually +exhibits. + +It is unfortunately the case, that the more perfect the instrument, the +less adapted it is for producing photographic pictures; for, in those of +the latest construction, the aperture of the object-glasses is carried to +such an extreme, that the observer is obliged to keep his hand continually +on the fine adjustment, in order to accommodate the focus to the different +_planes_ in which different parts of the object lie. This is the case even +with so low a power as the half-inch object-glasses, those of Messrs. +Powell and Lealand being of the enormous aperture of 65°; and if this is +the case while looking through the instrument when this disadvantage is +somewhat counteracted by the power which the eye has, to a certain degree, +of adjusting itself to the object under observation, how much more +inconvenient will it be found in endeavouring to focus the whole object at +once on the ground glass plate, where such an accommodating power no longer +exists. The smaller the aperture of the object-glasses, in reason, the +better they will be adapted for photographic purposes. + +Again, another peculiarity of the object-glasses of the achromatic +microscope gives rise to a farther difficulty; they are over-corrected for +colour, the spectrum is reversed, or the violet rays are projected beyond +the red: this is in order to meet the requirements of the eye-piece. But +with the photographic apparatus the eye-piece is not used, so that, after +the object has been brought visually into focus in the camera, a farther +adjustment is necessary, in order to focus for the actinic rays, which +reside in the violet end of the spectrum. This is effected by withdrawing +the object-glass a little from the object, in which operation there is no +guide but experience; moreover, the amount of withdrawal differs with each +object-glass. + +However, the inconvenience caused by this over-chromatic correction may, I +think, be remedied by the use of the achromatic condenser in the place of +an object-glass; that kind of condenser, at least, which is supplied by the +_first_ microscopic makers. I cannot help thinking that this substitution +will prove of some service; for, in the first place, the power of the +condenser is generally equal to that of a quarter of an inch object-glass, +which is perhaps the most generally useful of all the powers; and again, +its aperture is, I think, not usually so great as that which an +object-glass of the same power would have; and, moreover, as to correction, +though it is slightly spherically under-corrected to accommodate the +plate-glass under the object, yet the chromatic correction is _perfect_. +The condenser is easily detached from its "fittings," and its application +to the camera would be as simple as that of an ordinary object-glass. + +However, my conviction remains that, in spite of all that perseverance and +science can accomplish, it never will be in the power of the photographer +to produce a picture of an object under the microscope, _equally distinct +in all its parts_; and unless his art can effect this, I need scarcely say +that his best productions can be but useful auxiliaries to the draughtsman. + +I see by an advertisement that the Messrs. Highley supply everything that +is necessary for the application of photography to the microscope. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +In reply to your correspondent J., I would ask if he has any photographic +apparatus? if so, the answer to his question "What extra apparatus is +required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic +microscopic pictures?" would be _None_; but if not, he would require a +camera, or else a wooden conical body, with plate-holder, &c., besides the +ordinary photographic outfit. Part III. of the _Microscopical Journal_, +published by Highley & Son, Fleet Street, will give him all the information +he requires. {557} + +[phi]. (p. 506.) may find a solution of his difficulties regarding the +production of stereoscopic pictures, in the following considerations. The +object of having two pictures is to present to _each eye_ an image of what +it sees in nature; but as the angle subtended by a line, of which the +pupils of the eyes form the extremities, must differ for every distance, +and for objects of varying sizes, it follows there is no _absolute_ rule +that can be laid down as the only correct one. For _distant_ views there is +in nature scarcely any stereoscopic effect; and in a photographic +stereoscopic view the effect produced is not really a representation to the +eye of the _view itself_, but of _a model of such view_; and the apparent +size of the model will vary with the angle of incidence of the two +pictures, being _smaller_ and _nearer_ as the angle increases. I believe +Professor Wheatstone recommends for landscapes 1 in 25, or about half an +inch to every foot. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Cement for Glass Baths._--In reply to numerous inquiries which have +appeared in "N. & Q." relative to a good cement for making glass baths for +photographic purposes, I send a recipe which I copied a year or two ago +from some newspaper, and which seems likely to answer the purpose: I have +not tried it myself, not being a photographer. + +Caoutchouc 15 grains, chloroform 2 ounces, mastic ½ an ounce. The two +first-named ingredients are to be mixed first, and after the gum is +dissolved, the mastic is to be added, and the whole allowed to macerate for +a week. When great elasticity is desirable, more caoutchouc may be added. +This cement is perfectly transparent, and is to be applied with a brush +cold. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing._--All persons who have experienced +disappointment in the printing of their positive pictures will feel obliged +by MR. LYTE'S suggestion as to the bath; but as the preparation of the +positive paper has also a great deal to say to the ultimate result, MR. +LYTE would confer an additional obligation if he gave the treatment he +adopts for this. + +I have observed that the negative collodion picture exercises a good deal +of influence on the ultimate colour of the positive, and that different +collodion negatives will give different results in this respect, when the +paper and treatment with each has been precisely the same. Does this +correspond with other persons' experience? + +C. E. F. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416. 507.).--MR. THOMS'S +suggestion, and his quotation in proof thereof from the Chronicler, are +farther verified by the following inscription and verses which I transcribe +from an engraved portrait of the famous jester: + +"Ulenspiegel. + + "Ligt Begraben zu Dom in Flandern in der grosen Kirch, auf dem + Grabister also Likend abgebildet. Starb A^o. 1301." + +These lines are above the portrait, and beneath it are the verses next +following: + + "Tchau _Ulenspiegeln_ hier. Das Bildniss macht dich lachen: + Was wurdst du thun siehst du jhn selber Possen machen? + Zwar _Thÿle_ ist ein Bild und _Spiegel_ dieser Welt, + Viel Bruder er verliess; Wir treiben Narretheÿen, + In dem uns dunckt, dass wir die grosten Weysen seÿen, + Drum lache deiner selbst; diss Blat dich dir vorstellt." + +The portrait, evidently that of a man of large intellect, is very +life-like, and full of animation. He seems to be some fifty years of age or +so; he has a cap, ornamented by large feather, on his head. He is seated in +a chair, has a book in his hand, and is attired in a kind of magisterial +robe bordered with fur. There is a good-humoured roguish twinkle in his +eyes; and I should be inclined to call him, judging from the portrait +before me, an epigrammatist rather than mere vulgar jester. The engraving +is beautifully executed: it has neither date nor place of publication, but +its age may perhaps be determined by the names of the painter (Paulus +Furst) and engraver (P. Troschel). The orthography is by no means of recent +date. I cannot translate the verses to my own satisfaction; and should feel +much obliged if you, MR. EDITOR, or MR. THOMS, would favour the readers of +"N. & Q." with an English version thereof. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club. + +_Lawyers' Bags_ (Vol. vii., pp. 85. 144.).--Colonel Landman is doubtless +correct in his statement as to the colour of barristers' bags; but from the +evidence of A TEMPLAR and CAUSIDICUS, we must place the change from green +to red at some period anterior to the trial of Queen Caroline. In Queen +Anne's time they were _green_. + + "I am told, Cousin Diego, you are one of those that have undertaken to + manage me, and that you have said you will carry a _green bag_ + yourself, rather than we shall make an end of our lawsuit: I'll teach + them and you too to manage."--_The History of John Bull_, by Dr. + Arbuthnot, Part I. ch. xv. + +T. H. KERSLEY, B. A. + +Audlem, Cheshire. + +_"Nine Tailors make a Man"_ (Vol. vi., pp. 390. 563.; Vol. vii., p. +165.).--The origin of this saying is to be sought for elsewhere than in +England only. Le Conte de la Villemarqué, in his {558} interesting +collection of Breton ballads, _Barzas-Breiz_, vol. i. p. 35., has the +following passage: + + "Les tailleurs, cette classe vouée au ridicule, en Bretagne, comme dans + le pays de Galles, en Irlande, en Ecosse, en Allemagne et ailleurs, et + qui l'était jadis chez toutes les nations guerrières, dont la vie + agitée et errante s'accordait mal avec une existence casanière et + paisible. Le peuple dit encore de nos jours en Bretagne, _qu'il faut + neuf tailleurs pour faire un homme_, et jamais il ne prononce leur nom, + sans ôter son chapeau, et sans dire: 'Sauf votre respect.'" + +The saying is current also in Normandy, at least in those parts which +border on Britany. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be able to +say whether it is to be found in other parts of Europe. + +HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + +_"Time and I"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 247.).--Arbuthnot calls it a Spanish +proverb. In the _History of John Bull_, we read among the titles of other +imaginary chapters in the "Postscript," that of-- + + "Ch. XVI. Commentary upon the _Spanish_ Proverb, _Time and I against + any Two_; or Advice to Dogmatical Politicians, exemplified in some New + Affairs between John Bull and _Lewis Baboon_." + +T. H. KERSLEY, B. A. + +Audlem, Cheshire. + +_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., pp. 408. 512.).--W. ST. says that William Carr +married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Sing, Bishop of Cork. The name is +Synge, not Sing. The family name was originally Millington, and was changed +to Synge by Henry VIII. or Queen Elizabeth, on account of the sweetness of +the voice of one of the family, who was a clergyman, and the ancestor of +George Synge, Bishop of Cloyne; Edward Synge, Bishop of Ross; Edward Synge, +Archbishop of Tuam; Edward Synge, Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns; Nicholas +Synge, Bishop of Killaloe; the late Sir Samuel Synge Hutchinson, Archdeacon +of Killala; and of the present Sir Edward Synge. + +I cannot find that any of these church dignitaries had a daughter married +to Wm. Carr. Nicholas Synge, Bishop of Killaloe, left a daughter, +Elizabeth, who died unmarried in 1834, aged ninety-nine; but I cannot +discover that either of the other bishops of that family had a daughter +Elizabeth. + +GULIELMUS. + +_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. vii., pp. 262. 440.).--What were these +privileges, and whence was the term derived? + + "Veria, quæ et Canfera, vel Campoveria potius dicitur, alterum est + inter oppida hujus insulæ, muro et moenibus clausa, situ quidem ad + aquilonem obversa, et in ipso oceani littore: fossam habet, quæ + Middelburgum usque extenditur, à quâ urbe leucæ tantum unius, etc. + + "Estque oppidulum satis concinnum, et mercimoniis florens, maxime + propter commercia navium _Scoticarum_, quæ in isto potissimum portu + stare adsueverunt. + + "_Scotorum_ denique, superioribus annis, frequentatione celebris et + _Scoticarum_ mercium, præcipue vellerum ovillorum, stapula, ut vocant, + et emporium esse coepit."--L. Guicciardini, _Belgium_ (1646), vol. ii. + pp. 67, 68. + +Will J. D. S. be so good as to say where he found the "Campvere privileges" +referred to? + +E. + +_Haulf-naked_ (Vol. vii., p. 432.).--The conjecture that _Half-naked_ was a +manor in co. Sussex is verified by entries in _Cal. Rot. Pat._, 11 Edw. I., +m. 15.; and 13 Edw. I., m. 18. Also in _Abbreviatio Rot. Orig._, 21 Edw. +III., _Rot._ 21.; in which latter it is spelt _Halnaked_. + +J. W. S. R. + +St. Ives, Hunts. + +_Old Picture of the Spanish Armada_ (Vol. vii., p. 454.).--Although perhaps +this may not be reckoned an answer to J. S. A.'s Query on this head, I have +to inform you that in the steeple part of Gaywood Church near this town, is +a fine old painting of Queen Elizabeth reviewing the forces at Tilbury +Fort, and the Spanish fleet in the distance. It is framed, and sadly wants +cleaning. + +J. N. C. + +King's Lynn. + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432., &c.).--We have in St. Margaret's +parish a parochial library, which is kept in a room fitted up near the +vestry of the church in this town. + +J. N. C. + +King's Lynn. + +To the list of places where there are parochial libraries may be added +Bewdley, in Worcestershire. There is a small library in the Grammar School +of that place, consisting, if I recollect aright, mainly of old divinity, +under the care of the master: though it is true, for some years, there has +been no master. + +S. S. S. + +In the preface to the _Life of Lord Keeper Guilford_, by Roger North, it +appears that Dudleys youngest daughter of Charles, and granddaughter of +Dudley Lord North, dying,-- + + "Her library, consisting of a choice collection of Oriental books, by + the present Lord North and Grey, her only surviving brother, was given + to the parochial library of Rougham in Norfolk, where it now remains." + +This library then existed in 1742, the date of the first edition of the +work. + +FURVUS. + +St. James's. + +_How to stain Deal_ (Vol. vii., p. 356.).--Your correspondent C. will find +that a solution of {559} asphaltum in boiling turpentine is a very good +stain to dye deal to imitate oak. This must be applied when cold with a +brush to the timbers: allowed to get dry, then size and varnish it. + +The dye, however, which I always use, is a compound of raw umber and a +small portion of blue-black diluted to the shade required with strong size +in solution: this must be used hot. It is evident that this will not +require the preparatory sizing before the application of the varnish. +Common coal, ground in water, and used the same as any other colour, I have +found to be an excellent stain for roof timbers. + +W. H. CULLINGFORD. + +Cromhall, Gloucestershire. + +_Roger Outlawe_ (Vol. vii., p. 332.).--Of this person, who was Lord Deputy +of Ireland for many years of the reign of Edward III., some particulars +will be found in the notes to the _Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler_, +edited for the Camden Society by Mr. Wright, p. 49. There is evidently more +than one misreading in the date of the extract communicated by the REV. +H. T. ELLACOMBE: "die pasche in viiij mense anno B. Etii post ultimum +conquestum hibernia quarto." I cannot interpret "in viiij mense;" but the +rest should evidently be "anno _Regis Edwardi tertii_ post ultimum +conquestum Hiberniæ quarto." + +May I ask whether this "last conquest of Ireland" has been noticed by +palæographers in other instances? + +ANON. + +_Tennyson_ (Vol. vii., p. 84.).--Will not the following account by Lord +Bacon, in his _History of Henry VII._, of the marriage by proxy between +Maximilian, King of the Romans, and the Princess Anne of Britany, +illustrate for your correspondent H. J. J. his last quotation from +Tennyson? + + "She to me + Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf, + At eight years old." + + "Maximilian so far forth prevailed, both with the young lady and with + the principal persons about her, as the marriage was consummated by + proxy, with a ceremony at that time in these parts new. For she was not + only publicly contracted, but stated, as a bride, and solemnly bedded; + and after she was laid, there came in Maximilian's ambassador with + letters of procuration, and in the presence of sundry noble personages, + men and women, put his leg, stripped naked to the knee, between the + espousal sheets," &c. + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Old Fogie_ (Vol. vii., p. 354.).--MR. KEIGHTLEY supposes the term of _old +fogie_, as applied to "mature old warriors," to be "of pure Irish origin," +or "rather of Dublin birth." In this he is certainly mistaken, for the word +_fogie_, as applied to old soldiers, is as well known, and was once as +familiarly used in Scotland, as it ever was or could have been in Ireland. +The race was extinct before my day, but I understand that formerly the +permanent garrisons of Edinburgh, and I believe also of Stirling, Castles, +consisted of veteran companies; and I remember, when I first came to +Edinburgh, of people who had seen them, still talking of "the Castle +fogies." + +Dr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, defines the word "foggie or +fogie," to be first, "an invalid, or garrison soldier," secondly, "a person +advanced in life" and derives it from "Su. G. _fogde_, formerly one who had +the charge of a garrison." + +This seems to me a more satisfactory derivation than MR. KEIGHTLEY'S, who +considers it a corruption or diminutive of _old folks_. + +J. L. + +City Chambers, Edinburgh. + +_Errata corrigenda._--Vol. ii., p. 356. col. 2., near the bottom, for Sir +_William_ Jardine, read Sir _Henry_ Jardine. Sir William and Sir Henry were +very different persons, though the former was probably the more generally +known. Sir H. was the author of the report referred to. + +Vol. vii., p. 441. col. 1. line 15, for _Lenier_ read _Ferrier_. + +J. L. + +City Chambers, Edinburgh. + +_Anecdote of Dutens_ (Vol. vii., pp. 26. 390.).-- + + "Lord Lansdowne at breakfast mentioned of Dutens, who wrote _Mémoires + d'un Voyageur qui se repose_, and was a great antiquarian, that, on his + describing once his good luck in having found (what he fancied to be) a + tooth of Scipio's in Italy, some one asked him what he had done with + it, upon which he answered briskly: 'What have I done with it? Le + voici,' pointing to his mouth; where he had made it supplemental to a + lost one of his own."--Moore's _Journal_, vol. iv. p. 271. + +E. H. A. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--In Hone's _Every-day Book_ (vol. +ii. p. 1059.) is the following paragraph:-- + + "EXETER LAMMAS FAIR.--The charter for this fair is perpetuated by a + glove of immense size, stuffed and carried through the city on a very + long pole, decorated with ribbons, flowers, &c., and attended with + music, parish beadles, and the mobility. It is afterwards placed on the + top of the Guildhall, and then the fair commences: on the taking down + of the glove, the fair terminates.--P." + +As to Crolditch, _alias_ Lammas Fair, at Exeter, see Izacke's _Remarkable +Antiquities of the City of Exeter_, pp. 19, 20. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +At Macclesfield, in Cheshire, a large glove was, perhaps is, always +suspended from the outside of the window of the town-hall during the +holding of a fair; and as long as the glove was so suspended, every one was +free from arrest within the {560} township, and, I have heard, while going +and returning to and from the fair. + +EDWARD HAWKINS. + +At Free Mart, at Portsmouth, a glove used to be hung out of the town-hall +window, and no one could be arrested during the fortnight that the fair +lasted. + +F. O. MARTIN. + +_Arms--Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., p. 407.).--The families which bore three +Dane-axes or battle-axes in their coats armorial were very numerous in +ancient times. It may chance to be of service to your Querist A.C. to be +informed, that those of Devonshire which displayed these bearings were the +following: Dennys, Batten, Gibbes, Ledenry, Wike, Wykes, and Urey. + +J. D. S. + +_Enough_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--In Staffordshire, and I believe in the +other midland counties, this word is usually pronounced _enoo_, and written +_enow_. In Richardson's _Dictionary_ it will be found "enough or enow;" and +the etymology is evidently from the German _genug_, from the verb +_genugen_, to suffice, to be enough, to content, to satisfy. The +Anglo-Saxon is _genog_. I remember the burden of an old song which I +frequently heard in my boyish days: + + "I know not, I care not, + I cannot tell how to woo, + But I'll away to the merry green woods, + And there get nuts _enow_." + +This evidently shows what the pronunciation was when it was written. + +J. A. H. + +_Enough_ is from the same root as the German _genug_, where the first _g_ +has been lost, and the latter softened and almost lost in its old English +pronunciation, _enow_. The modern pronunciation is founded, as that of many +other words is, upon an affected style of speech, ridiculed by +Holofernes.[4] The word _bread_, for example, is almost universally called +_bred_; but in Chaucer's poetry and indeed now in Yorkshire, it is +pronounced bré-äd, a dissyllable. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +[Footnote 4: The Euphuists are probably chargeable with this corruption.] + +In Vol. vii., p. 455. there is an inquiry respecting the change in the +pronunciation of the word _enough_, and quotations are given from Waller, +where the word is used, rhyming with _bow_ and _plough_. But though spelt +_enough_, is not the word, in both places, really _enow_? and is there not, +in fact, a distinction between the two words? Does not _enough_ always +refer to _quantity_, and _enow_ to _number_: the former, to what may be +_measured_; the latter, to that which may be _counted_? In both quotations +the word _enough_ refers to _numbers_? + +S. S. S. + +_Feelings of Age_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--A.C. asks if it "is not the +general feeling, that man in advancing years would not like to begin life +again?" I fear not. It is a wisdom above the average of what men possess +that made the good Sir Thomas Browne say: + + "Though I think no man can live well once, but he that could live + twice, yet for my own part I would not live over my hours past, or + begin again the thread of my dayes: not upon Cicero's ground--because I + have lived them well--but for fear I should live them worse. I find my + growing judgment daily instruct me how to be better, but my untamed + affections and confirmed vitiosity make me daily do worse. I find in my + confirmed age the same sins I discovered in my youth; I committed many + then, because I was a child, and, because I commit them still, I am yet + an infant. Therefore I perceive a man may be twice a child before the + days of dotage, and stand in need of Æson's bath before threescore." + +The annotator refers to _Cic._, lib. xxiv. ep. 4.: + + "Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, ut potes, honestissimè. + Viximus: floruimus: non vitium nostrum, sed virtus nostra, nos + afflixit. Peccatum est nullum, nisi quod non unâ animam cum ornamentis + amisimus."--Edit. Orell., vol. iii. part i. p. 335. + +However, it seems probable that Sir Thomas meant that this sentiment is +rather to be gathered from Cicero's writings,--not enunciated in a single +sentence. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Optical Query_ (Vol. vii., p. 430.).--In reply to the optical Query by +H. H., I venture to suggest that a stronger gust of wind than usual might +easily occasion the illusion in question, as I myself have frequently found +in looking at the fans on the tops of chimneys. Or possibly the eyes may +have been confused by gazing on the revolving blades, just as the tongue is +frequently influenced in its accentuation by pronouncing a word of two +syllables in rapid articulations. + +F. F. S. + +Oxford. + +_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vii., p.487.).--Here is another explanation at least +as satisfactory as some of the previous ones: + + "The word _coin_ itself is money struck on the _coin_ or head of the + flattened metal, by which word _coin_ or _head_ is to be understood the + _obverse_, the only side which in the infancy of coining bore the + stamp. Thence the Latin _cuneus_, from _cune_ or _kyn_, the head. + + "This side was also called _pile_, in corruption from _poll_, a head, + not only from the side itself being the _coin_ or _head_, but from its + being impressed most commonly with some head in contradistinction to + the reverse, which, in latter times, was oftenest a cross. Thence the + vulgarism, _cross or pile, poll, head_."--Cleland's _Specimen of an + Etymological Vocabulary_, p. 157. + +A. HOLT WHITE. + +{561} + +_Capital Punishments_ (Vol. vii., pp. 52. 321.).--The authorities to which +W. L. N. refers not being generally accessible, he would confer a very +great obligation by giving the names and dates of execution of any of the +individuals alluded to by him, who have undergone capital punishment in +this country for exercising the Roman Catholic religion. Herein, it is +almost needless to remark, I exclude such cases as those of Babington, +Ballard, Parsons, Garnett, Campion, Oldcorne, and others, their fellows, +who suffered, as every reader of history knows, for treasonable practices +against the civil and christian policy and government of the realm. + +COWGILL. + +_Thomas Bonnell_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--In what year was this person, about +whose published _Life_ J. S. B. inquires, Mayor of Norwich? His name, as +such, does not occur in the lists of Nobbs, Blomefield, or Ewing. + +COWGILL. + +_Passage in the First Part of Faust_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--MR. W. FRASER +will find good illustrations of the question he has raised in his second +suggestion for the elucidation of this passage in _The Abbot_, chap. 15. +_ad fin._ and _note_. + +A few weeks after giving this reference, in answer to a question by EMDEE +(see "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 262.; Vol. ii., p. 47.), I sent in English, for +I am not a German scholar, as an additional reply to EMDEE, the very same +passage that MR. FRASER has just forwarded, but it was not inserted, +probably because its fitness as an illustration was not very evident. + +My intention in sending that second reply was to show that, as in +_Christabel_ and _The Abbot_, the voluntary and _sustained_ effort required +to introduce the evil spirit was of a physical, so in _Faust_ it was of a +mental character; and I confess that I am much pleased now to find my +opinion supported by the accidental testimony of another correspondent. + +It must, however, be allowed that the peculiar wording of the passage under +consideration may make it difficult, if not impossible, to separate +_earnest_ from the _magical_ form in which Faust's command to enter his +room is given. Göthe's intention, probably, was to combine and illustrate +both. + +As proofs of the belief in the influence of the number _three_ in +incantation, I may refer to Virg. _Ecl._ viii. 73--78.; to a passage in +Apuleius, which describes the resuscitation of a corpse by Zachlas, the +Egyptian sorcerer; + + "Propheta, sic propitiatus, herbulam quampiam ter ob os corporis, et + aliam pectori ejus imponit."--Apul. _Metamorph._, lib. ii. sect. 39. + (Regent's Classics); + +and to the rhyming spell that raised the White Lady of Avenel at the Corrie +nan Shian. (See _The Monastery_, chaps. xi. and xvii.) + +C. FORBES. + +_Sir Josias Bodley_ (Vol. vii., p. 357.).--Your correspondent Y. L. will +find some account of the family of Bodley in Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, +edit. 1810, pp. 92-105., and in Moore's _History of Devon_, vol. ii. pp. +220-227. See also "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., pp. 59. 117. 240. + +J. D. S. + +_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word _claret_ is evidently derived +directly from the French word _clairet_; which is used, even at the present +day, as a generic name for the "_vins ordinaires_," of a light and thin +quality, grown in the south of France. The name is never applied but to red +wines; and it is very doubtful whether it takes its appellation from any +place, being always used adjectively--"_vin clairet_," not _vin_ de +_clairet_. I am perhaps not quite correct in stating, that the word is +always used as an adjective; for we sometimes find _clairet_ used alone as +a substantive; but I conceive that in this case the word _vin_ is to be +understood, as we say "du Bordeaux," "du Champagne," meaning "du vin de +Bordeaux," "du vin de Champagne." _Eau clairette_ is the name given to a +sort of cherry-brandy; and lapidaries apply the name _clairette_ to a +precious stone, the colour of which is not so deep as it ought to be. This +latter fact may lead one to suppose that the wine derived its name from +being _clearer_ and lighter in colour than the more full-bodied vines of +the south. The word is constantly occurring in old drinking-songs. A song +of Olivier Basselin, the minstrel of Vire, begins with these words: + + "Beau nez, dont les rubis out coûté mainte pipe + De vin blanc et clairet." + +By the way, this song is the original of one in the musical drama of _Jack +Sheppard_, which many of the readers of "N. & Q." may remember, as it +became rather popular at the time. It began thus: + + "Jolly nose, the bright gems that illumine thy tip, + Were dug from the mines of Canary." + +I am not aware that the plagiarism has been noticed before. + +HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +Now that the season is arriving for the sportsman, angler, yachtsman, and +lover of nature to visit the wild and solitary beauties of _Gamle Norge_, +nothing could be better timed than the pleasant gossiping _Month in +Norway_, by J. G. Holloway, which forms this month's issue of Murray's +_Railway Library_; or the splendidly illustrated _Norway and its Scenery_, +comprising the _Journal of a Tour_ by Edward Price, Esq., and a _Road Book +for Tourists, with Hints to Anglers and Sportsmen_, edited by T. Forster, +Esq., which forms the new number of Bohn's _Illustrated Library_, and {562} +which is embellished with a series of admirable views by Mr. Price, from +plates formerly published at a very costly price, but which, in this new +form, are now to be procured for a few shillings. + +As the Americans have been among the most successful photographic +manipulators, we have looked with considerable interest at a work devoted +to the subject which has just been imported from that country, _The History +and Practice of the Art of Photography, &c._, by Henry H. Snelling, _Fourth +Edition_; and though we are bound to admit that it contains many hints and +notes which may render it a useful addition to the library of the +photographer, we still must pronounce it as a work put together in a loose, +unsatisfactory manner, and as being for the most part a compilation from +the best writers in the Old World. + +When Dr. Pauli's _Life of Alfred_ made its appearance it received, as it +deserved, our hearty commendation. We have now to welcome a translation of +it, which has just been published in Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_,--_The +Life of Alfred the Great, translated from the German of Dr. Pauli; to which +is appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, with a literal English +Translation, and an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and Glossary by_ Benjamin Thorpe; +and it speaks favourably for the spread of the love of real learning, that +it should answer the publisher's purpose to put forth such a valuable book +in so cheap and popular a form. Mr. Thorpe's scholarship is too well known +to require recognition at our hands. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in +England, by_ J. Y. Akerman. The present number contains coloured engravings +of the _Umbo of Shield and Weapons found at Driffield_, and of a _Bronze +Patera from a Cemetery at Wingham, Kent_.--_Gervinus' Introduction to the +History of the Nineteenth Century_. Apparently a carefully executed +translation of Dr. Gervinus' now celebrated brochure issued by Mr. Bohn; +who has, in his _Standard Library_, given us a new edition of _De Lolme on +the Constitution_, with notes by J. Macgregor, M.P.; and in his _Classical +Library_ a translation by C. D. Yonge of _Diogenes Laertius' Lives and +Opinions of the Ancient Philosophers_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WALKER'S LATIN PARTICLES. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such +title). + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +* * * _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +* * * Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We are compelled to postpone until next week many interesting articles +which are in type, and many Replies to Correspondents._ + +MR. RILEY'S _Reply to the_ REV. MR. GRAVES' _notice of_ Hoveden _did not +reach us in time for insertion this week._ + +I. A. N. (93rd Highlanders.) _Several correspondents, as well as yourself, +complain of the difficulty of obtaining amber varnish. There are several +Eastern gums which much resemble amber, as also a substance known as +"Highgate resin." Genuine amber, when rubbed together, emits a very +fragrant odour similar to a fresh lemon, and does not abrade the surface. +The fictitious amber, on the contrary, breaks or becomes rough, and has a +resinous turpentine-like smell. Genuine amber is to be obtained generally +of the tobacconists, who have often broken mouth-pieces by them: old +necklaces, now out of use, are sold at a very moderate price by the +jewellers. The amber of commerce, used in varnish-making, contains so much +impurity that the waste of chloroform renders it very undesirable to use. +The amber should be pounded in a mortar, and, to an ounce by_ measure _of +chloroform, add a drachm and a half of amber (only about one-fourth of it +will be dissolved), and this requires two days' maceration. It should be +filtered through fine blotting-paper. Being so very fluid, it runs most +freely over the collodion, and, when well prepared and applied, renders the +surface so hard, and so much like the glass, that it is difficult to know +on which side of the glass the positive really is. The varnish is to be +obtained properly made at from_ 2s. _to_ 2s. 6d. _per ounce; and although +this appears dear, it is not so in use, so very small a portion being +requisite to effectually cover a picture; and the effects exceed every +other application with which we are acquainted,--to say nothing of its_ +instantaneously _becoming hard, in itself a most desirable requisite._ + +---- (Islington). _Your note has been mislaid, but in all probability the +spots in your collodion would be removed by dipping into the bottle a small +piece of iodide of potassium. Collodion made exactly as described by_ DR. +DIAMOND _in_ "N. & Q.," _entirely answers our expectations, and we prefer +it, for our own use, to any we have ever been able to procure._ + +J. M. S. (Manchester) _shall receive a private communication upon his +Photographic troubles. We must, however, refer him to our advertising +columns for pure chemicals. Ether ought not to exceed_ 5s. 6d. _the pint of +twenty ounces._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, + +PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the Catalogue of Manuscripts in Gonville and +Caius College Library. Selected by the REV. J. J. SMITH. Being Facsimiles +of Illumination, Text, and Autograph, done in Lithograph, 4to. size, with +Letter-press Description in 8vo., as Companion to the published Catalogue, +price 1l. 4s. + +A few copies may be had of which the colouring of the Plates is more highly +finished. Price 1l. 10s. + +Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON. + +London: GEORGE BELL. + + * * * * * + + +OFFICERS' BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING. + +HEAL & SON beg to call the Attention of Gentlemen requiring Outfits to +their large stock of Portable Bedsteads, Bedding, and Furniture, including +Drawers, Washstands, Chairs, Glasses, and every requisite for Home and +Foreign Service. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &C.--A Lady residing within an +hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most healthy and cheerful +situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge of a little girl, to +share with her only child (about a year and a half old) her maternal care +and affection, together with the strictest attention to mental training. +Terms, including every possible expense except medical attendance, 100l. +per annum. If required, the most unexceptionable references can be +furnished. + +Address to T. B. S., care of MR. BELL, Publisher, 186, Fleet Street. {563} + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. + +The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to +Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock, +under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been +connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. +manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements +adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for +Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses +from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make, Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next +Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, +London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank: +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _£ s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +WINSLOW HALL, BUCKS. + +DR. LOVELL'S SCHOLASTIC ESTABLISHMENT (exclusively for the Sons of +Gentlemen) was founded at Mannheim in 1836, under the Patronage of H. R. H. +the GRANDE DUCHESSE STEPHANIE of Baden, and removed to Winslow in 1848. The +Course of Tuition includes the French and German Languages, and all other +Studies which are Preparatory to the Universities, the Military Colleges, +and the Army Examination. The number of Pupils is limited to Thirty. The +Principal is always in the Schoolroom, and superintends the Classes. There +are also French, German, and English resident Masters. Prospectus and +References can be had on application to the Principal. {564} + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, May 28, contains Articles on + + Agriculture, history of + Agricultural machinery, by Mr. Mechi + ---- statistics, by Mr. Watson + Birds, names of, by Mr. Holt + Bottles, preserve, by Mr. Cuthill + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Chemical work nuisance + Dahlia, the, by Mr. M^cDonald + Draining swamps, by Mr. Dumolo + Drill seeding, advantages of + Dropmore Gardens + Exhibition of 1851, estate purchased by commissioners of (with engraving) + Frost, plants injured by, by Mr. Whiting + Gardening, kitchen + Grapes, colouring of + Heating, gas, (with engraving) + Land, transfer of + Law relating to land + ---- of leases, by Dr. Mackenzie + ---- of fixtures, French + Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Society's Journal, rev. + Machinery, agricultural, by Mr. Mechi + Mangold wurzel, by Mr. Watson + Musa Cavendishi + Pipes, to coat, by Dr. Angus Smith + Potatoes, curl in + Potato disease + Preserves, bottles for, by Mr. Cuthill + Rhubarb wine, by Mr. Cuthill + Root, crops on clay, by Mr. Wortley + Royal Botanic Society, report of exhibition + Seeding, advantages of drill + Siphocampylus betulifolius + Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, Linnean, National + Floricultural, Agricultural of England + Sparkenhoe Farmers' Club + Statistics, agricultural, by Mr. Watson + Swamps, to drain, by Mr. Dumolo + Tulips, Groom's + Vegetables, culture of + Water-pipe coating, by Dr. Angus Smith + Winter, effects of, by Mr. Whiting + Woods, management of + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, Part III. of + +LILLY'S CATALOGUE, containing a most extraordinary COLLECTION of RARE and +CURIOUS BLACK-LETTER ENGLISH BOOKS, printed in the Fifteenth Century, +particularly rich in Theology and Works relating to Controversial Theology, +and Historical Books, relating to the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and James I. +on the Jesuits, Seminary Priests, Roman Catholics, Mary Queen of Scots, +Martin Mar-Prelate Tracts, &c. &c., during this eventful period. Also, a +COLLECTION of HISTORICAL and ANTIQUARIAN BOOKS, in ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHY, +HERALDRY, HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, &c. &c., in very fine state, in fine old +Russia and calf gilt bindings; besides a Selection of Rare and Curious +Books in English and Miscellaneous Literature, on sale, at the very +moderate prices affixed, by J. LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, +London. + +The Catalogue will be forwarded to any Gentleman on the receipt of two +postage stamps; or the whole of Lilly's Catalogues for 1853 on the receipt +of twelve postage stamps. + +*** J. LILLY would most respectfully beg the attention of Collectors and +Literary Gentlemen to the above Catalogue. + + * * * * * + + +NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient British +History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. 8vo., pp. 448, with Engravings, 15s. +cloth. + +A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIALISMS in Use in the County of SUSSEX. By W. DURRANT +COPPER, F.A.S. 12mo., 3s. 6d. cloth. + +A FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE; with occasional Remarks on the Emendations of +the Manuscript-Corrector in Mr. Collier's Copy of the Folio, 1632. By the +REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo., 5s. cloth. + +WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Dialect and Manners of the Rustic +Population of that County. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Esq. 12mo., 2s. 6d. +cloth. + +REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England, described +and illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. +Parts I. to V., 4to., 2s. 6d. each. + +*** The Plates are admirably executed by Mr. Basire, and coloured under the +direction of the Author. It is a work well worthy the notice of the +Archæologist. + +THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW; consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses of, and +Extracts from Curious, Useful, and Valuable Old Books. 8vo. Nos. 1, 2, and +3, 2s. 6d. each. (No. 4., August 1.) + +J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF +FEMALE MUSICIANS, +_Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members._ + +_Patroness_: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. _Vice-Patronesses_: Her +Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of +Cambridge. + +On FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1853, at the HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS, will be +performed, for the Benefit of this Institution, A GRAND CONCERT of Vocal +and Instrumental Music. + +_Vocal Performers_--Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor, +Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame F. Lablache and Madame Clara +Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. Benson, and Signor F. Lablache. Herr Pischek +and Herr Staudigl. + +In the Course of the Concert, Madlle. Clauss will play one of her +celebrated Pianoforte Pieces. The Members of the Harp Union, Mr. T. H. +Wright, Herr Oberthür, and Mr. H. J. Trust, will perform the GRAND NATIONAL +FANTASIA for THREE HARPS, composed by Oberthür, as lately played at +Buckingham Palace, by command of Her Majesty. + +THE BAND will be complete in every Department.--_Leader_, Mr. H. Blagrove. +_Conductor_, Mr. W. Sterndale Bennett. + +The Doors will open at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at +Eight precisely. + +Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary +Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One Payment (which +shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to Two Tickets +of Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by +the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will be thankfully received, and +Tickets delivered, by the Secretary, + +MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the Principal +Music-sellers. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JUNE contains the following articles:--1. The +Daughters of Charles I. 2. The Exiled Royal Family of England at Rome in +1736. 3. The Philopseudes of Lucian. 4. History of the Lead Hills and Gold +Regions of Scotland. 5. Survey of Hedingham Castle in 1592 (with two +Plates). 6. Layard's Discoveries in Nineveh and Babylon (with Engravings). +7. Californian and Australian Gold. 8. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: +Establishment of the Cloth Manufacture in England by Edward III.--St. +James's Park.--The Meaning of "Romeland."--The Queen's and Prince's +Wardrobes in London.--The Culture of Beet-root.--With Notes of the Month, +Reviews of New Publications, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including +Memoirs of Rear-Adm. Sir T. Fellowes, General Sir T. G. Montresor, +Lieut.-Gen. Sir Walter Gilbert, the Dean of Peterborough, Professor +Scholefield, James Roche, Esq., George Palmer, Esq., Andrew Lawson, Esq., +W. F. Lloyd, Esq., &c. &c. Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +MR. PARKER'S NEW MAGAZINE. + +THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.--NO. II. JUNE. + + CONTENTS. + 1. Public Picture Galleries. + 2. Poems by Alexander Smith. + 3. The Pawnbroker's Window. + 4. Notes and Emendations of Shakspeare. + 5. The Præraphaelites. + 6. Social Life in Paris--_continued_. + 7. The Rappists. + 8. Colchester Castle. + 9. Cabs and Cabmen. + 10. The Lay of the Hero. + +_Price One Shilling._ + +London: JOHN HENRY PARKER. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. 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Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 4, +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p. 547 "probably gave no directions about his MSS." - "give" in original + +p. 548 "The Unseen World; Communications with it, real and imaginary, &c., +1850" - date printed as 1550, corrected by subsequent Erratum note + +p. 549 "the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of rain" - "pain" in +the original, the quotation clearly indicates that "rain" is correct + +p. 551 "in neither of these works is there any putting forth of his power" +- "in there any" in original + +p. 553 "it is my intention to go;" - "in is my intention" in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20322-8.txt or 20322-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/2/20322/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 9, 2007 [EBook #20322] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. Sections in Greek will yield a transliteration when the pointer is moved over them. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 541 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page541"></a>{541}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 188.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, June</span> 4, 1853.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br /> Stamped Edition + 5d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + +<table class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Corrections adopted by Pope from the Dunces, by James + Crossley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page541">541</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. W. R. + Arrowsmith</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page542">542</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Devonianisms</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page544">544</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Poems of Rowley, by Henry H. Breen</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page544">544</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:—Legend of Llangefelach + Tower—Wedding Divination</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page545">545</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence:—Shakspearian + Drawings—Thomas Shakspeare—Passage in Macbeth, Act I. + Sc. 5.—"Discourse of Reason"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page545">545</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—The MSS. of Gervase + Hollis—Anagrams—Family Caul—Numerous Progeny</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page546">546</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Smith, Young, and Scrymgeour MSS.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page547">547</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mormon Publications, by W. Sparrow Simpson</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page548">548</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor + Queries</span>:—Dimidiation—Early Christian + Mothers—The Lion at Northumberland House—The Cross in + Mexico and Alexandria—Passage in St. James—"The Temple of + Truth"—Santa Claus—Donnybrook Fair—Saffron, when + brought into England—Isping Geil—Humbug—Franklyn + Household Book—James Thomson's Will—"Country Parson's + Advice to his Parishioners"—Shakspeare: Blackstone</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page548">548</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Turkey + Cocks—Bishop St. John—Ferdinand Mendez + Pinto—Satin—Carrier Pigeons</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page550">550</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Pylades and Corinna:" Psalmanazar and Defoe, by James + Crossley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page551">551</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page552">552</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Seal of William d'Albini, by E. G. Ballard, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page552">552</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Will" and "Shall," by William Bates, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page553">553</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Inscriptions in Books, by Honoré de Mareville, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page554">554</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Bacon's "Advancement of Learning," by Thomas Markby</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page554">554</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Test + for a good Lens—Photography and the Microscope—Cement + for Glass Baths—Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page555">555</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor + Queries</span>:—Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel—Lawyers' + Bags—"Nine Tailors make a man"—"Time and I"—Carr + Pedigree—Campvere, Privileges of—Haulf-naked—Old + Picture of the Spanish Armada—Parochial Libraries—How + to stain Deal—Roger Outlawe—Tennyson—Old + Fogie—Errata corrigenda—Anecdote of Dutens—Gloves + at Fairs—Arms: Battle-axe—Enough—Feelings of + Age—Optical Query—Cross and Pile, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page557">557</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page561">561</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>CORRECTIONS ADOPTED BY POPE FROM THE DUNCES.</h3> + + <p>In Pope's "Letter to the Honourable James Craggs," dated June 15, + 1711, after making some observations on Dennis's remarks on the <i>Essay + on Criticism</i>, he says—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Yet, to give this man his due, he has objected to one or two lines + with reason; and I will alter them in case of another edition: I will + make my enemy do me a kindness where he meant an injury, and so serve + instead of a friend."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>An interesting paper might be drawn up from the instances, for they + are rather numerous, in which Pope followed out this very sensible rule. + I do not remember seeing the following one noted. One of the heroes of + the <i>Dunciad</i>, Thomas Cooke, the translator of Hesiod, was the + editor of a periodical published in monthly numbers, in 8vo., of which + nine only appeared, under the title of <i>The Comedian, or Philosophical + Inquirer</i>, the first number being for April, and the last for + December, 1732. It contains some curious matter, and amongst other papers + is, in No. 2., "A Letter in Prose to Mr. Alexander Pope, occasioned by + his Epistle in Verse to the Earl of Burlington." It is very abusive, and + was most probably written either by Cooke or Theobald. After quoting the + following lines as they then stood:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He buys for Topham drawings and designs,</p> + <p>For Fountain statues, and for Curio coins,</p> + <p>Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone,</p> + <p>And books for Mead, and rarities for Sloane,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>the letter-writer thus unceremoniously addresses himself to the + author:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Rarities! how could'st thou be so silly as not to be particular in + the rarities of Sloane, as in those of the other five persons? What + knowledge, what meaning is conveyed in the word <i>rarities</i>? Are not + some drawings, some statues, some coins, all monkish manuscripts, and + some books, <i>rarities</i>? Could'st thou not find a trisyllable to + express some parts of nature for a collection of which that learned and + worthy physician is eminent? Fy, fy! correct and write—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone,</p> + <p>And books for Mead, and butterflies for Sloane.'</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 542 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page542"></a>{542}</span></p> + + <p>"Sir Hans Sloane is known to have the finest collection of butterflies + in England, and perhaps in the world; and if rare monkish manuscripts are + for Hearne only, how can rarities be for Sloane, unless thou specifyest + what sort of rarities? O thou numskull!"—No. 2., pp. + 15—16.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The correction was evidently an improvement, and therefore Pope wisely + accepted the benefit, and was the channel through which it was conveyed; + and the passage accordingly now stands as altered by the + letter-writer.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> p. 522.)</p> + + <p><i>Dare</i>, to lurk, or cause to lurk; used both transitively and + intransitively. Apparently the root of <i>dark</i> and <i>dearn</i>.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Here, quod he, it ought ynough suffice,</p> + <p>Five houres for to slepe upon a night:</p> + <p>But it were for an olde appalled wight,</p> + <p>As ben thise wedded men, that lie and <i>dare</i>,</p> + <p>As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Tyrwhitt's utterly unwarranted adoption of Speght's interpretation is + "<i>Dare</i>, v. Sax. to stare." The reader should always be cautious how + he takes upon trust a glossarist's sly fetch to win a cheap repute for + learning, and over-ride inquiry by the mysterious letters Sax. or + Ang.-Sax. tacked on to his exposition of an obscure word. There is no + such Saxon vocable as <i>dare</i>, to stare. Again, what more frequent + blunder than to confound a secondary and derivative sense of a word with + its radical and primary—indeed, sometimes to allow the former to + usurp the precedence, and at length altogether oust the latter: hence it + comes to pass, that we find <i>dare</i> is one while said to imply + peeping and prying, another while trembling or crouching; moods and + actions merely consequent or attendant upon the elementary signification + of the word:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I haue an hoby can make larkys to <i>dare</i>."</p> + <p class="i1">Skelton's <i>Magnifycence</i>, vol. i. p.269. l. 1358., Dyce's edition;</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>on which line that able, but therein mistaken editor's note is, "<i>to + dare</i>, i. e. to be terrified, to tremble" (he however also adds, it + means to lurk, to lie hid, and remits his reader to a note at p. 379., + where some most pertinent examples of its true and only sense are given), + to which add these next:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" · · let his grace go forward,</p> + <p>And <i>dare</i> vs with his cap, like larkes."</p> + <p class="i1">First Fol., <i>Henry VIII.</i>, Act III, Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thay questun, thay quellun,</p> + <p>By frythun by fellun,</p> + <p>The dere in the dellun,</p> + <p>Thay droupun and <i>daren</i>".</p> + <p class="i1"><i>The Anturs of Arthur at the Tarnewathelan</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">St. IV. p. 3. Camden Society's Publications.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"She sprinkled vs with bitter juice of vncouth herbs, and strake</p> + <p>The awke end of hir charmed rod vpon our heades, and spake</p> + <p>Words to the former contrarie. The more she charm'd, the more</p> + <p>Arose we vpward from the ground on which we <i>darde</i> before."</p> + <p class="i1">The XIIII. Booke of Ouid's <i>Metamorphosis</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">p. 179. Arthur Golding's translation: London, 1587.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Sothely it <i>dareth</i> hem weillynge this thing; that heuenes weren + before," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And again, a little further on:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Forsothe yee moste dere, one thing <i>dare</i> you nougt (or be not + unknowen): for one day anentis God as a thousande yeeris, and a thousande + yeer as one day."—<i>C<sup>m</sup> 3<sup>m</sup> Petre 2.</i>, + Wycliffe's translation:</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>in the Latin Vulgate, <i>latet</i> and <i>lateat</i> respectively; in + the original, <span title="lanthanei" class="grk" + >λανθάνει</span> and <span + title="lanthanetô" class="grk" + >λανθανέτω</span>. Now + the book is before me, I beg to furnish <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span> with the references to his usage of <i>terre</i>, + mentioned in Todd's <i>Dictionary</i>, but not given (Collier's + <i>Shakspeare</i>, vol. iv. p. 65., note), namely, 6th cap. of Epistle to + Ephesians, <i>prop. init.</i>; and 3rd of that to Colossians, <i>prop. + fin.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><i>Die and live.</i>—This <i>hysteron proteron</i> is by no + means uncommon: its meaning is, of course, the same as live and die, + <i>i. e.</i> subsist from the cradle to the grave:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" · · · Will you sterner be.</p> + <p>Than he that <i>dies and lives</i> by bloody drops?"</p> + <p class="i2">First Fol., <i>As You Like It</i>, Act III. Sc. 5.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>All manner of whimsical and farfetched constructions have been put by + the commentators upon this very homely sentence. As long as the question + was, whether their wits should have licence to go a-woolgathering or no, + one could feel no great concern to interfere: but it appears high time to + come to Shakspeare's rescue, when <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> + "clever" old commentator, with some little variation in the letters, and + not much less in the sense, reads "kills" for dies; but then, in the + <i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, Act II. Sc. 3., the same "clever" + authority changes "cride-game (cride I ame), said I well?" into "curds + and cream, said I well?"—an alteration certainly not at odds with + the host's ensuing question, "said I well?" saving that that, to + liquorish palate, might seem a rather superfluous inquiry.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"With sorrow they both <i>die and live</i></p> + <p>That unto richesse her hertes yeve."</p> + <p class="i2"><i>The Romaunt of the Rose</i>, v. 5789-90.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He is a foole, and so shall he <i>dye and liue</i>,</p> + <p>That thinketh him wise, and yet can he nothing."</p> + <p class="i2"><i>The Ship of Fooles</i>, fol. 67., by Alexander Barclay, 1570.</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 543 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page543"></a>{543}</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Behold how ready we are, how willingly the women of Sparta will + <i>die and live</i> with their husbands."—<i>The Pilgrimage of + Kings and Princes</i>, p. 29.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Except in Shakspeare's behalf, it would not have been worth while to + exemplify so unambiguous a phrase. The like remark may also be extended + to the next word that falls under consideration.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p><i>Kindly</i>, in accordance with kind, viz. nature. Thus, the love of + a parent for a child, or the converse, is kindly: one without natural + affection (<span title="astorgos" class="grk" + >ἄστοργος</span>) is + unkind, kindless, as in—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Remorselesse, treacherous, letcherous, <i>kindles</i> villaine."</p> + <p class="i12"><i>Hamlet</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Thence <i>kindly</i> expanded into its wider meaning of general + benevolence. So under another phase of its primary sense we find the + epithet used to express the excellence and characteristic qualities + proper to the idea or standard of its subject, to wit, genuine, thrifty, + well-liking, appropriate, not abortive, monstrous, prodigious, + discordant. In the Litany, "the <i>kindly</i> fruits of the earth" is, in + the Latin versions "genuinus," and by Mr. Boyer rightly translated "les + fruits de la terre chaqu'un selon son espèce;" for which Pegge takes him + to task, and interprets <i>kindly</i> "fair and good," through mistake or + preference adopting the acquired and popular, in lieu of the radical and + elementary meaning of the word. (<i>Anonymiana</i>, pp. 380—1. + Century <span class="sc">viii</span>. No. <span class="sc">lxxxi</span>.) + The conjunction of this adjective with <i>gird</i> in a passage of + <i>King Henry VI</i>. has sorely gravelled <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span>: twice over he essays, with equal success, to expound its + purport. First, <i>loc. cit.</i>, he finds fault with <i>gird</i> as + being employed in rather an unusual manner; or, if taken in its common + meaning of taunt or reproof, then that <i>kindly</i> is said ironically; + because there seems to be a contradiction in terms. (Monck Mason's rank + distortion of the words, there cited, I will not pain the reader's sight + with.) <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> note concludes with a + supposition that <i>gird</i> may possibly be a misprint. This is the + misery! Men will sooner suspect the text than their own understanding or + researches. In Act I. Sc. 1. of <i>Coriolanus</i>, dissatisfied with his + previous note, <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> tries again, and + thinks a <i>kindly gird</i> may mean a gentle reproof. That the reader + may be able to judge what it does mean, it will be necessary to quote the + king's <i>gird</i>, who thus administers a kindly rebuke to the malicious + preacher against the sin of malice, <i>i.e.</i> chastens him with his own + rod:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>King.</i> Fie, uncle Beauford, I have heard you preach,</p> + <p>That mallice was a great and grievous sinne:</p> + <p>And will not you maintaine the thing you teache,</p> + <p>But prove a chief offender in the same?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Warn.</i> Sweet king: the bishop hath a <i>kindly gyrd</i>."</p> + <p class="i1">First Part of <i>King Henry VI.</i>, Act III. Sc. 1. 1st Fol.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>A <i>gird</i>, akin to, in keeping with, fitting, proper to the + cardinal's calling; an evangelical <i>gird</i> for an evangelical man: + what more <i>kindly</i>? <i>Kindly</i>, connatural, homogeneous. But now + for a bushel of examples, some of which will surely avail to insense the + reader in the purport of this epithet, if my explanation does not:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"God in the congregation of the gods, what more proper and + <i>kindly</i>"?—Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 212. <i>Lib. + Ang.-Cath. Theol.</i></p> + + <p>"And that (pride) seems somewhat <i>kindly</i> too, and to agree with + this disease (the plague). That pride which swells itself should end in a + tumour or swelling, as, for the most part, this disease + doth."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 228.</p> + + <p>"And so, you are found; and they, as the children of perdition should + be, are lost. Here are you: and where are they? Gone to their own place, + to Judas their brother. And, as is most <i>kindly</i>, the sons to the + father of wickedness; there to be plagued with him for + ever."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iv. p. 98.</p> + + <p>"For whatsoever, as the Son of God, He may do, it is <i>kindly</i> for + Him, as the Son of Man, to save the sons of men."—<i>Id.</i>, p. + 253.</p> + + <p>"There cannot be a more <i>kindly</i> consequence than this, our not + failing from their not failing: we do not, because they do + not."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 273.</p> + + <p>"And here falls in <i>kindly</i> this day's design, and the visible + 'per me,' that happened on it."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 289.</p> + + <p>"And having then made them, it is <i>kindly</i> that viscera + misericordiæ should be over those opera that came de + visceribus."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 327.</p> + + <p>"The children came to the birth, and the right and <i>kindly</i> + copulative were; to the birth they came, and born they were: in a kind + consequence who would look for other?"—<i>Id.</i>, p. 348.</p> + + <p>"For usque adeo proprium est operari Spiritui, ut nisi operetur, nec + sit. So <i>kindly</i> (proprium) it is for the spirit to be working as if + It work not, It is not."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iii. p. 194.</p> + + <p>"And when he had overtaken, for those two are but presupposed, the + more <i>kindly</i> to bring in <span title="epelabeto" class="grk" + >επελάβετο</span>, + when, I say, He had overtaken them, cometh in fitly and properly <span + title="epilambanetai" class="grk" + >επιλαμβάνεται</span>."—<i>Id.</i>, + vol. i. p. 7.</p> + + <p>"No time so <i>kindly</i> to preach de Filio hodie genito as + hodie."—<i>Id.</i>, p. 285.</p> + + <p>"A day whereon, as it is most <i>kindly</i> preached, so it will be + most <i>kindly</i> practised of all others."—<i>Id.</i>, p. + 301.</p> + + <p>"Respice et plange: first, 'Look and lament' or mourn; which is indeed + the most <i>kindly</i> and natural effect of such a + spectacle."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. ii. p. 130.</p> + + <p>"Devotion is the most proper and most <i>kindly</i> work of + holiness."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iv. p. 377.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps the following will be thought so apposite, that I may be + spared the labour, and the reader the tedium of perusing a thousand other + examples that might be cited:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>And there is nothing more <i>kindly</i> than for them that will be + touching, to be touched themselves, and to <!-- Page 544 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page544"></a>{544}</span> be touched home, in + the same <i>kind</i> themselves thought to have touched + others."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iv. p. 71.<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. R. Arrowsmith</span>. + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p><i>Kindly</i> is quite a pet word with Andrewes, as, besides the + passages quoted, he employs it in nearly the same sense in vol. iii., at + pp. 18. 34. 102. 161. 189. 262. 308. 372. 393. 397.; in vol. i., at pp. + 100. 125. 151. 194. 214.; in vol. ii. at pp. 53. 157. 307. 313. 338. The + same immortal quibbler is also very fond of the word <i>item</i>, using + it, as our cousins across the Atlantic and we in Herefordshire do at the + present day, for "a hint."</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>DEVONIANISMS.</h3> + + <p><i>Miserable.</i>—<i>Miserable</i> is very commonly used in + Devonshire in the signification of <i>miserly</i>, with strange effect + until one becomes used to it. Hooker the Judicious, a Devonshire man, + uses the word in this sense in the <i>Eccl. Polity</i>, book v. ch. lxv. + p. 21.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"By means whereof it cometh also to pass that the mean which is virtue + seemeth in the eyes of each extreme an extremity; the liberal-hearted man + is by the opinion of the prodigal <i>miserable</i>, and by the judgment + of the <i>miserable</i> lavish."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Few.</i>—Speaking of broth, people in Devon say a <i>few + broth</i> in place of a little, or some broth. I find a similar use of + the word in a sermon preached in 1550, by Thomas Lever, Fellow of St. + John's College, preserved by Strype (in his <i>Eccles. Mem.</i>, ii. + 422.). Speaking of the poor students of Cambridge, he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"At ten of the clock they go to dinner, whereas they be content with a + penny piece of beef among four, having a <i>few pottage</i> made of the + broth of the same beef, with salt and oatmeal, and nothing else."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Figs, Figgy.</i>—Most commonly <i>raisins</i> are called + <i>figs</i>, and plum-pudding <i>figgy</i> pudding. So with plum-cake, as + in the following rhymes:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Rain, rain, go to Spain,</p> + <p>Never come again:</p> + <p>When I brew and when I bake,</p> + <p>I'll give you a <i>figgy</i> cake."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Against</i> is used like the classical <i>adversùm</i>, in the + sense of <i>towards</i> or <i>meeting</i>. I have heard, both in + Devonshire and in Ireland, the expression to send <i>against</i>, that + is, to send <i>to meet</i>, a person, &c.</p> + + <p>The foregoing words and expressions are probably provincialisms rather + than Devonianisms, good old English forms of expression; as are, indeed, + many of the so-called Hibernicisms.</p> + + <p><i>Pilm, Farroll.</i>—What is the derivation of + <i>pilm</i>=dust, so frequently heard in Devon, and its derivatives, + <i>pilmy</i>, dusty: it <i>pilmeth</i>? The cover of a book is there + called the <i>farroll</i>; what is the derivation of this word?</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. B. + + <p class="address">Tunbridge Wells. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE POEMS OF ROWLEY.</h3> + + <p>The tests propounded by <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span> (Vol. + vii. p. 160.) with reference to the authenticity of the poems of Rowley, + namely the use of "its," and the absence of the feminine rhyme in + <i>e</i>, furnish additional proof, if any were wanting, that Chatterton + was the author of those extraordinary productions. Another test often + insisted upon is the occurrence, in those poems, of borrowed + thoughts—borrowed from poets of a date posterior to that of their + pretended origin. Of this there is one instance which seems to have + escaped the notice of Chatterton's numerous annotators. It occurs at the + commencement of <i>The Tournament</i>, in the line,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The <i>worlde</i> bie <i>diffraunce</i> ys ynn <i>orderr</i> founde."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It will be seen that this line, a very remarkable one, has been + cleverly condensed from the following passage in Pope's <i>Windsor + Forest</i>:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"But as the <i>world</i>, harmoniously confused,</p> + <p>Where <i>order</i> in variety we see;</p> + <p>And where, tho' all things <i>differ</i>, all agree."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This sentiment has been repeated by other modern writers. Pope himself + has it in the <i>Essay on Man</i>, in this form,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The lights and shades, whose well-accorded strife</p> + <p>Gives all the strength and colour of our life."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It occurs in one of Pascal's <i>Pensées</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"J'écrirai ici mes pensées sans ordre, et non pas peut-être dans une + confusion sans dessein: C'est le véritable ordre, et qui marquera + toujours mon objet par le désordre même."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Butler has it in the line,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"For discords make the sweetest airs."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Bernardin de St. Pierre, in his <i>Etudes de la Nature</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"C'est des contraires que résulte l'harmonie du monde."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And Burke, in nearly the same words, in his <i>Reflections on the + French Revolution</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"You had that action and counteraction, which, in the natural and in + the political world, from the reciprocal struggle of discordant powers, + draws out the harmony of the universe."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Nor does the sentiment belong exclusively to the moderns. I find it in + Horace's twelfth Epistle:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nil parvum sapias, et adhuc sublimia cures,</p> + <p> · · · · · ·</p> + <p>Quid velit et possit rerum concordia discors."</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 545 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page545"></a>{545}</span></p> + + <p>Lucan, I think, has the same expression in his <i>Pharsalia</i>; and + it forms the basis of Longinus's remark on the eloquence of + Demosthenes:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p><span title="'Oukoun tên men phusin tôn epanaphorôn kai asundetôn pantêi phulattei têi sunechei metabolêi? houtôs autôi kai hê taxis atakton, kai empalin hê ataxia poian perilambanei taxin.'" class="grk" + >"Οὐκοῦν τὴν + μὲν φύσιν τῶν + ἐπαναφορῶν + καὶ + ἀσυνδέτων + πάντῃ + φυλάττει τῇ + συνεχεῖ + μεταβολῇ· + οὑτως αὐτῷ + καὶ ἡ τάξις + ἄτακτον, καὶ + ἔμπαλιν ἡ + ἀταξια ποιὰν + περιλαμβάνει + τάξιν."</span></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It may be said that, as Pope adopted the thought from Horace or Lucan, + so a poet of the fifteenth century (such as the supposed Rowley) might + have taken it from the same sources. But a comparison of the line in + <i>The Tournament</i> with those in <i>Windsor Forest</i> will show that + the borrowing embraces not only the thought, but the very words in which + it is expressed.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen</span>. + + <p class="address">St. Lucia. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Legend of Llangefelach Tower.</i>—A different version of the + legend also exists in the neighbourhood, viz. that the day's work on the + tower being pulled down each night by the old gentleman, who was + apparently apprehensive that the sound of the bells might keep away all + evil spirits, a saint, of now forgotten name, told the people that if + they would stand at the church door, and throw a stone, they would + succeed in building the tower on the "spot where it fell," which + accordingly came to pass.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen</span>. + + <p><i>Wedding Divination.</i>—Being lately present on the occasion + of a wedding at a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, I was witness to + the following custom, which seems to take rank as a genuine scrap of + folk-lore. On the bride alighting from her carriage at her father's door, + a plate covered with morsels of bride's cake was flung from a window of + the second story upon the heads of the crowd congregated in the street + below; and the divination, I was told, consists in observing the fate + which attends its downfall. If it reach the ground in safety, without + being broken, the omen is a most <i>un</i>favourable one. If on the other + hand, the plate be shattered to pieces (and the more the better), the + auspices are looked upon as most happy.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Oxoniensis</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Shakspearian Drawings.</i>—I have very recently become + possessed of some curious drawings by Hollar; those relating to + Shakspeare very interesting, evidently done for one Captain John Eyre, + who could himself handle the pencil well.</p> + + <p>The inscription under one is as follows, in the writing of the said J. + Eyre:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye house in ye Clink Streete, Southwarke, now belonging to Master + Ralph Hansome, and in ye which Master Shakspeare lodged in ye while he + writed and played at ye Globe, and untill ye yeare 1600 it was at the + time ye house of Grace Loveday. Will had ye two Rooms over against ye + Doorway, as I will possibly show."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Size of the drawing, 12 × 7, "W. Hollar delin., 1643." It is an + exterior view, beautifully executed, showing very prominently the house + and a continuation of houses, forming one side of the street.</p> + + <p>The second has the following inscription in the same hand:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye portraiture of ye rooms in ye which Master Will Shakspeare lodged + in Clink Streete, and which is told to us to be in ye same state as when + left by himself, as stated over ye door in ye room, and on the walls were + many printed verses, also a portraiture of Ben Jonson with a ruff on a + pannel."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Size of the drawing 11⅝ × 6⅞, "W. Hollar delin., 1643:" + shows the interior of three sides, and the floor and ceiling, with the + tables, chairs, and reading-desk; an open door shows the interior of his + sleeping-room, being over the entrance door porch.</p> + + <p>The third—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye Globe, as to be seen before ye Fire in ye year 1615, when this + place was burnt down. This old building," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here follows a long interesting description. It is an exterior view; + size of drawing 7¼ wide × 9⅞ high, "W. H. 1640."</p> + + <p>The fourth shows the stage, on which are two actors: this drawing, + 7⅞ × 6½, was done by J. Eyre, 1629, and on which he gives a + curious description of his accompanying Prince Charles, &c.; at this + time he belonged to the Court, as he also accompanied that prince to + Spain.</p> + + <p>The fifth, done by the same hand in a <i>most masterly manner</i>, pen + and ink portrait of Shakspeare, copied, as he writes, from a portrait + belonging to the Earl of Essex, with interesting manuscript notice.</p> + + <p>The sixth, done also by J. Eyre:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ye portraiture of one Master Ben Jonson, as on ye walls of Master + Will Shakspeare's rooms in Clinke Streete, Southwarke."—J. E. + 1643.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The first three, in justice to Hollar, independent of the admirers of + the immortal bard and lovers of antiquities, should be engraved as + "Facsimiles of the Drawings." This shall be done on my receiving the + names of sixty subscribers, the amount of subscription one guinea, for + which each subscriber will receive three engravings, to be paid for when + delivered.</p> + + <p class="author">P. T. + + <p>P. S.—These curious drawings may be seen at No. 1. Osnaburgh + Place, New Road.</p> + + <p><i>Thomas Shakspeare.</i>—From a close examination of the + documents referred to (as bearing the signature of Thomas Shakspeare) in + my last <!-- Page 546 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page546"></a>{546}</span> communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. + vii., p. 405.), and from the <i>nature</i> of the <i>transaction</i> to + which they relate, <i>my impression</i> is, that he was by profession a + money scrivener in the town of Lutterworth; a circumstance which may + possibly tend to the discovery of his family connexion (if any existed) + with William Shakspeare.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charlecote</span>. + + <p><i>Passage in Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" · · · Come, thick night,</p> + <p>And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,</p> + <p>That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,</p> + <p>Nor heaven peep through the <i>blanket</i> of the dark,</p> + <p>To cry, Hold, hold!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <span class="sc">Mr. Payne Collier's</span> <i>Notes and + Emendations</i>, p. 407., we are informed that the old corrector + substitutes <i>blankness</i> for <i>blanket</i>. The change is to me so + exceedingly bad, even if made on some sort of authority (as an extinct + 4to.), that I should have let it be its own executioner, had not <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> apparently given in his adhesion to it. I + now beg to offer a few obvious reasons why <i>blanket</i> is + unquestionably Shakspeare's word.</p> + + <p>In the <i>Rape of Lucrece</i>, Stanza <span class="sc">cxv</span>., we + have a passage very nearly parallel with that in <i>Macbeth</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O night, thou furnace of foul reeking smoke,</p> + <p>Let not the jealous day behold thy face,</p> + <p>Which underneath thy <i>black all-hiding cloak</i>,</p> + <p>Immodestly lies martyr'd with disgrace."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <i>Lucrece</i>, the <i>cloak</i> of night is invoked to screen a + deed of adultery; in <i>Macbeth</i> the <i>blanket</i> of night is + invoked to hide a murder: but the foul, reeking, smoky cloak of night, in + the passage just quoted, is clearly parallel with the smoky blanket of + night in <i>Macbeth</i>. The complete imagery of both passages has been + happily caught by Carlyle (<i>Sartor Resartus</i>, 1841, p. 23.), who, in + describing night, makes Teufelsdröckh say:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Oh, under that <i>hideous coverlet of vapours, and putrefactions, and + unimaginable gases</i>, what a fermenting-vat lies simmering and + hid!"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>"Discourse of Reason"</i> (Vol. vii., p. 497.).—This phrase, + "generally supposed to be peculiarly Shakspearian," which A. E. B. has + indicated in his quotation from Philemon Holland, occurs also in Dr. T. + Bright's <i>Treatise of Melancholy</i>, the date of which is 1586. In the + third page of the dedicatory epistle there is this sentence:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Such as are of quicke conceit, and delighted in <i>discourse of + reason</i> in naturall things."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here, then, is another authority against Gifford's proposed + "emendation" of the expression as it occurs in <i>Hamlet</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">M. D. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Minor Notes.</h3> + + <p><i>The MSS. of Gervase Hollis.</i>—These were taken during the + reign of Charles I., and continue down to the middle of Charles II. In + Harl. MSS. 6829, will be found a most curious and valuable volume, + containing the painted glass, arms, monuments, brasses, and epitaphs in + the various churches and chapels, &c. throughout the county of + Lincoln. The arms are all drawn in the margin in colours. Being taken + before the civil war, they contain all those which were destroyed or + defaced by the Parliament army. They were all copied by Gough, which he + notices in his <i>Brit. Top.</i>, vol. i. p. 519., but not printed.</p> + + <p>His genealogical collections are contained in a series of volumes + marked with the letters of the alphabet, and comprehended in the + Lansdowne Catalogue under No. 207. The Catalogue is very minute, and the + contents of the several volumes very miscellaneous; and some of the + genealogical notes are simply short memoranda, which, in order to be made + available, must be wrought out from other sources. They all relate more + or less to the county of Lincoln. One of these, called "Trusbut," was + presented to the British Museum by Sir Joseph Banks in 1817, and will be + found in Add. MSS. 6118.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard</span>. + + <p><i>Anagrams.</i>—The publication of two anagrams in your Number + for May 7, calls to my mind a few that were made some years ago by myself + and some friends, as an experiment upon the anagrammatic resources of + words and phrases. A subject was chosen, and each one of the party made + an anagram, good, bad, or indifferent, out of the component letters. The + following may serve as a specimen of the best of the budget that we + made.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. French Revolution.</p> + <p class="i2">Violence, run forth!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>2. Swedish Nightingale.</p> + <p class="i2">Sing high! sweet Linda. (<i>q. d.</i> di Chamouni.)</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>3. Spanish Marriages.</p> + <p class="i2">Rash games in Paris; or, Ah! in a miser's grasp.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>4. Paradise Lost.</p> + <p class="i2">Reap sad toils.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>5. Paradise Regained.</p> + <p class="i2">Dead respire again.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>Family Caul—Child's Caul.</i>—The will of Sir John + Offley, Knight, of Madeley Manor, Staffordshire (grandson of Sir Thomas + Offley, Lord Mayor of London temp. Eliz.), proved at Doctors' Commons + 20th May, 1658, contains the following singular bequest:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Item, I will and devise one Jewell done all in Gold enammelled, + wherein there is a Caul that covered my face and shoulders when I first + came into the world, the use thereof to my loving Daughter the Lady <!-- + Page 547 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page547"></a>{547}</span> + Elizabeth Jenny, so long as she shall live; and after her decease the use + likewise thereof to her Son, Offley Jenny, during his natural life; and + after his decease to my own right heirs male for ever; and so from Heir + to Heir, to be left so long as it shall please God of his Goodness to + continue any Heir Male of my name, desiring the same Jewell be not + concealed nor sold by any of them."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cestriensis</span>. + + <p><i>Numerous Progeny.</i>—The <i>London Journal</i> of Oct. 26, + 1734, contains the following paragraph:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Letters from Holderness, in Yorkshire, mention the following + remarkable inscription on a tombstone newly erected in the churchyard of + Heydon, viz. 'Here lieth the body of William Strutton, of Padrington, + buried the 18th of May, 1734, aged 97, who had by his first wife 28 + children, and by a second wife 17; own father to 45, grandfather to 86, + great-grandfather to 97, and great-great-grandfather to 23; in all + 251.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">T. B. H. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>SMITH, YOUNG, AND SCRYMGEOUR MSS.</h3> + + <p>Thomas Smith, in his <i>Vitæ Illustrium</i>, gives extracts from a + so-called Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young, but which Sir Peter compiled + during the latter years of his life. Thomas Hearne says, in a note to the + Appendix to Leland's <i>Collectanea</i>, that he had had the use of some + of Smith's MSS. This Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young may be worth the + publishing if it can be found: can any of your readers say whether it is + among Smith's or Hearne's MSS., or if it be preserved elsewhere? Peter + Young, and his brother Alexander, were pupils of Theodore Beza, having + been educated chiefly at the expense of their maternal uncle Henry + Scrymgeour, to whose valuable library Peter succeeded. It was brought to + Scotland by Alexander about the year 1573 or 1574, and was landed at + Dundee. It was especially rich in Greek MSS.; and Dr. Irvine, in his + "Dissertation on the Literary History of Scotland," prefixed to his + <i>Lives of the Scottish Poets</i>, says of these MSS. and library, "and + the man who is so fortunate as to redeem them from obscurity, shall + assuredly be thought to have merited well from the republic of letters." + It is much to be feared, however, that as to the MSS. this good fortune + awaits no man; for Sir Peter Young seems to have given them to his fifth + son, Patrick Young, the eminent Greek scholar, who was librarian to + Prince Henry, and, after his death, to the king, and to Charles I. + Patrick Young's house was unfortunately burned, and in it perished many + MSS. belonging to himself and to others. If Scrymgeour's MSS. escaped the + fire, they are to be sought for in the remnant of Patrick Young's + collection, wherever that went, or in the King's Library, of which a + considerable part was preserved. Young's house was burned in 1636, and he + is supposed to have carried off a large number of MSS. from the royal + library, after the king's death in 1649. If therefore Scrymgeour's MSS. + were among these, it is possible that they may yet be traced, for they + would be sold with Young's own, after his death in 1652. This occurred on + the 7th of September, rather suddenly, and he left no will, and probably + <span class="correction" title="'give' in original">gave</span> no + directions about his MSS. and library, which were sold <i>sub hastâ</i>, + probably within a few months after his death, and with them any of the + MSS. which he may have taken from the King's Library, or may have had in + his possession belonging to others. Smith says that he had seen a large + catalogue of MSS. written in Young's own hand. Is this catalogue extant? + Patrick Young left two daughters, co-heiresses: the elder married to John + Atwood, Esq.; the younger, to Sir Samuel Bowes, Kt. A daughter of the + former gave to a church in Essex a Bible which had belonged to Charles + I.; but she knew so little of her grandfather's history that she + described him as Patrick Young, Esq., library keeper to the king, quite + unconscious that he had been rector of two livings, and a canon and + treasurer of St. Paul's. Perhaps, after all, the designation was not so + incorrect, for though he held so many preferments, he never was in + priest's orders, and sometimes was not altogether free from suspicion of + not being a member of the Church of England at all, except as a recipient + of its dues, and of course, a deacon in its orders.</p> + + <p>But it may be worthy of note, as affording another clue by which, + perchance, to trace some of Scrymgeour's MSS., that Sir Thomas Bowes, + Kt., who was Sir Symonds D'Ewes's literary executor, employed Patrick + Young to value a collection of coins, &c., among which he recognised + a number that had belonged to the king's cabinet, and which Sir Symonds + had purchased from Hugh Peters, by whom they had been purloined. Young + taxed Peters with having taken books, and MSS. also, which the other + denied, with the exception of two or three, but was not believed. I do + not know what relation Sir Thomas Bowes was to Sir Samuel, who married + Young's second daughter, nor to Paul Bowes, who edited D'Ewes's + <i>Journals</i> in 1682. It is quite possible that some of Scrymgeour's + MSS. may have fallen into D'Ewes's hands, may have come down, and be + recognisable by some mark.</p> + + <p>As to Scrymgeour's books, it is probable that they were deposited in + Peter Young's house of Easter Seatoun, near to Arbroath, of which he + obtained possession about 1580, and which remained with his descendants + for about ninety years, when his great-grandson sold it, and purchased + the castle and part of the lands of Aldbar. That any very fine library + was removed thither is not probable, especially any bearing Henry <!-- + Page 548 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page548"></a>{548}</span> + Scrymgeour's name; and for this reason, that Thomas Ruddiman was tutor to + David Young, and was resident at Aldbar, and would hardly have failed to + notice, or to record, the existence of any so remarkable a library as + Scrymgeour's, or even of Sir Peter Young's, who was himself an ardent + collector of books, as appears from some of his letters to Sir Patrick + Vans (<i>recte</i> Vaux) which I have seen, and as might be inferred from + his literary tastes and pursuits. There is perhaps reason to believe that + Sir Peter's library did not descend in his family beyond his eldest son, + Sir James Young, who made an attempt to deprive the sons of his first + marriage (the elder of whom died in infancy) of their right of succession + to their grandfather's estates, secured to them under their father's + marriage contract, and which attempt was defeated by their uncle, Dr. + John Young, Dean of Winchester (sixth son of Sir Peter), who acquired + from Lord Ramsay, eldest son of the Earl of Dalhousie, part of the barony + of Baledmouth in Fife. Dean Young founded a school at St. Andrew's, on + the site of which is now built Dr. Bell's Madras College.</p> + + <p>Sir Peter Young the elder, knighted in 1605, has been sometimes + confounded with his third son, Peter, who received his knighthood at the + hands of Gustavus Adolphus, on the occasion of that king being invested + with the Order of the Garter.</p> + + <p>Another fine library (Andrew Melville's) was brought into Scotland + about the same time as Scrymgeour's; and it is creditable to the + statesmen of James's reign that there was an order in the Scotch + exchequer, that books imported into Scotland should be free from custom. + A note of this order is preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the British + Museum; but my reference to the number is not at hand.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">De Camera</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>MORMON PUBLICATIONS.</h3> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents oblige me by supplying particulars of + other editions of the following Mormon works? The particulars required + are the size, place, date, and number of pages. The editions enumerated + below are the only ones to which I have had access.</p> + + <p>1. <i>The Book of Mormon</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>First American edition, 12mo.: Palmyra, 1830, pp. 588., printed by + E. B. Grandin for the author.</p> + + <p>First European edition, small 8vo.: Liverpool, 1841, title, one leaf, + pp. 643., including index at the end.</p> + + <p>Second European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1849. Query number of + pages?</p> + + <p>Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xii. 563.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>2. <i>Book of Doctrine and Covenants</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>First (?) American edition, 18mo.: Kirkland, 1835, pp. 250.</p> + + <p>Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xxiii, 336.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>3. <i>Hymn Book for the "Saints" in Europe</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>Ninth edition, 16mo.: Liverpool, 1851, pp. vii. 379., containing 296 + hymns.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As I am passing through the press two Lectures on the subject of + Mormonism, and am anxious that the literary history and bibliography of + this curious sect should be as complete as possible, I will venture to + ask the favour of an immediate reply to this Query: and since the subject + is hardly of general interest, as well as because the necessary delay of + printing any communication may hereby be avoided, may I request that any + reply be sent to me at the address given below. I shall also be glad to + learn where, and at what price, a copy of the first <i>American</i> + edition of the <i>Book of Mormon</i> can be procured.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.</span> + + <p class="address">14. Grove Road,<br /> North Brixton, Surrey. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Dimidiation.</i>—Is the practice of <i>dimidiation</i> + approved of by modern heralds, and are examples of it common?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>. + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p><i>Early Christian Mothers.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + inform me whether the Christian mothers of the first four or five + centuries were much in the habit of using the rod in correcting their + children; and whether the influence acquired by the mother of St. + Chrysostom, and others of the same stamp, was not greatly owing to their + having seldom or never inflicted corporal punishment on them?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Pater</span>. + + <p><i>The Lion at Northumberland House.</i>—One often hears the + anecdote of a wag who, as alleged, stared at the lion on Northumberland + House until he had collected a crowd of imitators around him, when he + cried out, "By Heaven! it wags, it wags," and the rest agreed with him + that the lion did wag its tail. If this farce really took place, I should + be glad to know the date and details.</p> + + <p class="author">J. P. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>The Cross in Mexico and Alexandria.</i>—In <i>The Unseen + World; Communications with it, real and imaginary, &c.</i>, <span + class="correction" title="'1550' in original, corrected by Erratum note" + >1850</span>, a work which is attributed to an eminent divine and + ecclesiastical historian of the English Church, it is stated + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It was a tradition in Mexico, before the arrival of the Spaniards, + that when that form (the sign of the cross) should be victorious, the old + religion should disappear. The same sign is also said to have been <!-- + Page 549 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page549"></a>{549}</span> + discovered on the destruction of the temple of Serapis at Alexandria, and + the same tradition to have been attached to it."—P. 23.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The subject is very curious, and one in which I am much interested. I + am anxious to refer to the original authorities for the tradition in both + cases. It is known that the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of + <span class="correction" title="'pain' in original, see the following extract" + >rain</span>. We have the following curious account thereof in <i>The + Pleasant Historie of the Conquest of West India, now called Newe + Spayne</i>, translated out of the Spanish tongue by T. N., anno 1578:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"At the foote of this temple was a plotte like a churchyard, well + walled and garnished with proper pinnacles; in the midst whereof stoode a + crosse of ten foote long, the which they adored for god of the rayne; for + at all times wh<span class="over">e</span> they wanted rayne, they would + go thither on procession deuoutely, and offered to the crosse quayles + sacrificed, for to appease the wrath that the god seemed to have agaynste + them: and none was so acceptable a sacrifice, as the bloud of that little + birde. They used to burne certaine sweete gume, to perfume that god + withall, and to besprinkle it with water; and this done, they belieued + assuredly to haue rayne."—P. 41.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock</span>. + + <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton Lindsey. + + <p><i>Passage in St. James.</i>—I hope you will not consider the + following Query unsuited to your publication, and in that case I may + confidently anticipate the removal of my difficulty.</p> + + <p>In reading yesterday Jeremy Taylor's <i>Holy Living and Dying</i>, I + came to this passage (p. 308. Bohn's edition):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"St. James, in his epistle, notes the folly of some men, his + contemporaries, who were so impatient of the event of to-morrow, or the + accidents of next year, or the good or evils of old age, that they would + consult astrologers and witches, oracles and devils, what should befall + them the next calends—what should be the event of such a + voyage—what God had written in his book concerning the success of + battles, the election of emperors, &c.... Against this he opposes his + counsel, that we should not search after forbidden records, much less by + uncertain significations," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Now my Query is, To what epistle of St. James does the eloquent bishop + refer? If to the canonical epistle, to what part? To the words (above + quoted) "forbidden records" there is a foot-note, which contains only the + well-known passage in Horace, lib. i. od. xi., and two others from + Propertius and Catullus.</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S. + + <p><i>"The Temple of Truth."</i>—Who was the author of an admirable + work entitled <i>The Temple of Truth</i>, published in 1806 by + Mawman?</p> + + <p class="author">T. B. H. + + <p><i>Santa Claus.</i>—Reading <i>The Wide Wide World</i> recalled + to my mind this curious custom, which I had remarked when in America. I + was then not a little surprised to find so strange a superstition + lingering in puritanical New England, and which, it is needless to + remark, was quite novel to me. <i>Santa Claus</i> I believe to be a + corruption of <i>Saint Nicholas</i>, the tutelary saint of sailors, and + consequently a great favourite with the Dutch. Probably, therefore, the + custom was introduced into the western world by the compatriots of the + renowned Knickerbocker.</p> + + <p>It is unnecessary to describe the nature of the festivity, as it is so + graphically pourtrayed in Miss Wetherell's, or rather Warner's work, to + which I would refer those desirous of further acquaintance with the + subject; the object of this Query being to learn, through some of the + American or other correspondents of "N. & Q.," the original legend, + as well as the period and events connected with the immigration into "The + States" of that beneficent friend of Young America, <i>Santa + Claus</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Wright</span>. + + <p><i>Donnybrook Fair.</i>—This old-established fair, so well known + in every quarter of the globe, and so very injurious to the morality of + those who frequent it, is said to be held by patent: but is there any + patent for it in existence? If there be, why is it not produced? I am + anxious to obtain information upon the subject.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>. + + <p><i>Saffron, when brought into England.</i>—In a footnote to + Beckmann's <i>History of Inventions, &c.</i>, vol. i. p. 179. + (Bohn's), is the following, purporting to be from Hakluyt, vol. ii. p. + 164.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It is reported at Saffron Walden that a pilgrim, proposing to do good + to his country, stole a head of saffron, and hid the same in his palmer's + staff, which he had made hollow before on purpose, and so he brought this + root into this realm, with venture of his life; for if he had been taken, + by the law of the country from whence it came, he had died for the + fact."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your readers throw any light upon this tradition?</p> + + <p class="author">W. T. + + <p class="address">Saffron Walden. + + <p><i>Isping Geil.</i>—In a charter of Joanna Fossart, making a + grant of lands and other possessions to the priory of Grosmont in + Yorkshire, is the following passage as given in Dugdale's + <i>Monasticon</i> (I quote from Bohn's edition, 1846, vol. vi. p. + 1025.):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Dedi eis insuper domos meas in Eboraco; illas scilicet quæ sunt inter + domos Laurentii clerici quæ fuerunt Benedicti Judæi et <i>Isping + Geil</i>, cum tota curia et omnibus pertinentiis."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your readers, and in particular any of our York + antiquaries, inform me whether the "Isping Geil" mentioned in this + passage is the name of a person, or of some locality in that city now + obsolete? In either case I should be glad of any information as to the + etymology of so singular <!-- Page 550 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page550"></a>{550}</span> a designation, which may possibly have + undergone some change in copying.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Th." class="grk">Θ.</span> + + <p><i>Humbug.</i>—When was this word introduced into the English + language? The earliest instance in which I have met with it is in one of + Churchill's Poems, published about the year 1750.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda</span>. + + <p class="address">Philadelphia. + + <p><i>Franklyn Household Book.</i>—Can any reader inform me in + whose keeping, the Household Book of Sir John Franklyn <i>now</i> is?<a + name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Extracts were + published from it in the <i>Archæologia</i>, vol. xv.</p> + + <p class="author">J. K. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>[Sir John Franklyn's <i>Household Book</i> was in the possession of + Sir John Chardin Musgrave, of Eden Hall, co. Cumberland, who died in + 1806. Some farther extracts, consisting of about thirty items, relating + to archery (not given in the <i>Archæologia</i>) will be found in the + British Museum, Add. MSS. 6316. f. 30. Among other items is the + following: "Oct. 20, 1642. Item, for a pound of tobacco for the Lady + Glover, 12<i>s.</i>" Sir John Franklyn, of Wilsden, co. Middlesex, was + M.P. for that county in the beginning of the reign of Charles I., and + during the Civil Wars.—<span class="sc">Ed</span>.]</p> + +</div> + <p><i>James Thomson's Will.</i>—Did the author of the + <i>Seasons</i> make a will? If so, where is the original to be seen?</p> + + <p class="author">D. + + <p class="address">Leamington. + + <p><i>"Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners."</i>—Could you + inquire through your columns who the author of a book entitled <i>The + Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners</i> is? It was printed for + Benjamin Tooke, at the Ship, in St. Paul's Church Yard, 1680.</p> + + <p>I have a singular copy of this book, and know at present of no other + copy. The booksellers all seem at a loss as to who the author was; some + say Jeremy Taylor, others George Herbert; but my date does not allow the + latter,—at least it makes it very improbable, unless it was + published after his death. The book itself is like George Herbert's + style, very solid and homely; it is evidently by some masterly hand. + Should you be able to give me information, or get it for me, I should be + obliged. I think of reprinting the book.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Nugée</span>. + + <p class="address">Senior Curate of St. Paul's, Wilton Place. + + <p><i>Shakspeare—Blackstone.</i>—In Moore's <i>Diary</i>, + vol. iv. p. 130., he says,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Mr. Duncan mentioned, that Blackstone has preserved the name of the + judge to whom Shakspeare alludes in the grave-digger's + argument?—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'If the water comes to the man,' &c."</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>Will one of your Shakspearian or legal correspondents have the + kindness to name the judge so alluded to, and give a reference to the + passage in Blackstone in which he conveys this information?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ignoramus</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Minor Queries with Answers.</h3> + + <p><i>Turkey Cocks.</i>—Why are Turkey cocks so called, seeing they + were not imported from Turkey?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[This Query did not escape the notice of Dr. Samuel Pegge. He says; + "The cocks which Pancirollus (ii. tit. 1.) mentions as brought from + America, were Turkey cocks, as Salmuth there (p. 28.) rightly observes. + The French accordingly call this bird <i>Coq d'Inde</i>, and from + <i>d'Inde</i> comes the diminutive <i>Dindon</i>, the young Turkey; as if + one should say, 'the young Indian fowl.' Fetching the Turkey from America + accords well with the common notion:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Turkeys, carps, hops, pikarel, and beer,</p> + <p>Came into England all in a year;'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>that is, in the reign of Henry VIII., after many voyages had been made + to North America, where this bird abounds in an extraordinary manner. But + Query how this bird came to be called Turkey? Johnson latinizes it + <i>Gallina Turcica</i>, and defines it, 'a large domestic fowl brought + from Turkey;' which does not agree with the above account from + Pancirollus. Brookes says (p. 144.), 'It was brought into Europe either + from India or Africa.' And if from the latter, it might be called + <i>Turkey</i>, though but improperly."—<i>Anonymiana</i>, cent. x. + 79.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Bishop St. John.</i>—The following passage occurs at vol. iv. + p. 84. of the Second Series of Ellis's <i>Original Letters, Illustrative + of English History</i>. It is taken from the letter numbered 326, dated + London, Jan. 5, 1685-6, and addressed "for John Ellis, Esq., Secretary of + his Majesty's Revenue in Ireland, Dublin:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The Bishop of London's fame runs high in the vogue of the people. The + London pulpits ring strong peals against Popery; and I have lately heard + there never were such eminently able men to serve in those cures. The + Lord Almoner Ely is thought to stand upon too narrow a base now in his + Majesty's favour, from a late violent sermon on the 5th of November. I + saw him yesterday at the King's Levy; and very little notice taken of + him, which the more confirms what I heard. Our old friend the new Bishop + St. John, gave a smart answer to a (very well put) question of his + M—— with respect to him, that shows he is not altogether + formed of court-clay; but neither you nor I shall withdraw either of our + friendship for him on such an account."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>All who know this period of our history, know Compton and Turner; but + who was Bishop St. John?</p> + + <p class="author">J. J. J. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[An error in the transcription. In the manuscript it reads thus: + "Bish<sup>p</sup> S<sup>r</sup> Jon<sup>n</sup>," and clearly refers to + Sir Jonathan Trelawney, Bart., consecrated bishop of <!-- Page 551 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page551"></a>{551}</span> Bristol, Nov. + 8, 1685, translated to Exeter in 1689, and to Winchester in 1707.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Ferdinand Mendez Pinto.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, thou liar of the first + magnitude!"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Where is the original of the above to be found? Was Ferdinand Mendez + Pinto a real or imaginary character?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Inquirens</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[A famous Portuguese traveller, in no good odour for veracity. His + <i>Travels</i> have been translated into most European languages, and + twice published in English. A notice of Pinto will be found in Rose's + <i>Biog. Dict.</i>, s. v.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Satin.</i>—What is the origin of the word <i>satin</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[See Ogilvie and Webster. "Fr. <i>satin</i>; W. <i>sidan</i>, satin or + silk; Gr. and Lat. <i>sindon</i>; Ch. and Heb. <i>sedin</i>; Ar. + <i>sidanah</i>."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Carrier Pigeons.</i>—When were carrier pigeons first used in + Europe?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cape</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent will find some interesting notices of the early use + of the carrier pigeon in Europe in the <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i>, vol. vii. + p. 372., art. "<span class="sc">Columbidæ</span>;" and in the + <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, vol. vi. p. 176., art. "<span + class="sc">Carrier Pigeon</span>."]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>"PYLADES AND CORRINA."—PSALMANAZAR AND +DEFOE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 305. 435. 479.)</p> + + <p>I had forwarded for insertion a short answer to the Query as to + <i>Pylades and Corinna</i> before <span class="sc">Dr. Maitland's</span> + communication was printed; but as it now appears more distinctly what was + the object of the Query, I can address myself more directly to the point + he has raised. And, in the first place, I cannot suppose that Defoe had + anything to do with <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, or the <i>History of + Formosa</i>. In all Defoe's fictions there is at least some trace of the + master workman, but in neither of these works <span class="correction" + title="'in' in original">is</span> there any putting forth of his power, + or any similitude to his manner or style. When the <i>History of + Formosa</i> appeared (1704), he was ingrossed in politics, and was not, + as far as any evidence has yet informed us, in the habit of translating + or doing journeyman work for booksellers. Then the book itself is, in + point of composition, far beneath Defoe, even in his most careless moods. + As to <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, Defoe died so soon after Mrs. + Thomas—she died on the 3rd February, 1731, and he on the 24th April + following, most probably worn out by illness—that time seems + scarcely afforded for getting together and working up the materials of + the two volumes published. The editor, who signs himself "Philalethes," + dates his Dedication to the first volume, in which are contained the + particulars about Psalmanazar, "St. John Baptist, 1731," which day would + be after Defoe's death. Nor is there any ground for supposing that Defoe + and Curll had much connexion as author and publisher. Curll only printed + two works of Defoe, as far as I have been able to discover, the + <i>Memoirs of Dr. Williams</i> (1718, 8vo.), and the <i>Life of Duncan + Campbell</i> (1720, 8vo.), and for his doing so, in each case, a good + reason may be given. As regards the genuineness of the correspondence in + <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, I do not see any reason to question it. Sir + Edward Northey's certificate, and various little particulars in the + letters themselves, entirely satisfy me that the correspondence is not a + fictitious one. The anecdotes of Psalmanazar are quite in accordance with + his own statements in his Life—(see particularly p. 183., + <i>Memoirs</i>, 1765, 8vo.); and if they were pure fiction, is it not + likely that, living in London at the time when they appeared, he would + have contradicted them? In referring (Vol. vii., p. 436., "N. & Q.") + to the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for these anecdotes, I had not + overlooked their having appeared in <i>Pylades and Corinna</i>, but had + not then the latter book at hand to include it in the reference. <span + class="sc">Dr. Maitland</span> considers <i>Pylades and Corinna</i> "a + farrago of low rubbish, utterly beneath criticism." Is not this rather + too severe and sweeping a character? Unquestionably the poetry is but + so-so, and of the poem the greater part might have been dispensed with; + but, like all Curll's collections, it contains some matter of interest + and value to those who do not despise the minutiæ of literary + investigation. The Autobiography of the unfortunate authoress (Mrs. + Thomas), who was only exalted by Dryden's praise to be ignominiously + degraded by Pope, and "whose whole life was but one continued scene of + the utmost variety of human misery," has always appeared to me an + interesting and rather affecting narrative; and, besides a great many + occasional notices in the correspondence, which are not without their + use, there are interspersed letters from Lady Chudleigh, Norris of + Bemerton, and others, which are not to be elsewhere met with, and which + are worth preserving.</p> + + <p>For Psalmanazar's character, notwithstanding his early peccadilloes, I + can assure <span class="sc">Dr. Maitland</span> that I have quite as high + a respect as himself, even without the corroborative evidence of our + great moralist, which on such a subject may be considered as perfectly + conclusive.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<p><!-- Page 552 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page552"></a>{552}</span></p> + +<h3>ROBERT WAUCHOPE, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 66.)</p> + + <p>This prelate seems to have been a cadet of the family of Wauchope, of + Niddry, or Niddry Marischall, in the county of Midlothian, to which + family once belonged the lands of Wauchopedale in Roxburghshire. The + exact date of his birth I have never been able to discover, nor which + "laird of Niddrie" he was the son of. Robert was a favourite name in the + family long before his time, as is evidenced by an inscription at the + entry to a burial chapel belonging to the family to this effect: "This + tome was Biggit Be Robert Vauchop of Niddrie Marchal, and interit heir + 1387." I am at present out of reach of all books of reference, and have + only a few manuscript memoranda to direct further research; and these + memoranda, I am sorry to say, are not so precise in their reference to + chapter and verse as they ought to be.</p> + + <p>According to these notes, mention is made of Robert Wauchope, doctor + of Sorbonne, by Leslie, bishop of Ross, in the 10th book of his + <i>History</i>; by Labens, a Jesuit, in the 14th tome of his + <i>Chronicles</i>; by Cardinal Pallavicino, in the 6th book of his + <i>Hist. Conc. Trid.</i>; by Fra Paolo Sarpi, in his <i>Hist. Conc. + Trid.</i> Archbishop Spottiswood says that he died in Paris in the year + 1551, "much lamented of all the university," on his return home from one + of his missions to Rome.</p> + + <p>One of my notes, taken from the <i>Memoirs of Sir James Melville</i>, + I shall transcribe, as it is suggestive of other Queries more generally + interesting. The date is 1545:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Now the ambassador met in a secret part with Oneel(?) and his + associates, and heard their offers and overtures. And the patriarch of + Ireland did meet him there, who was a Scotsman born, called Wauchope, and + was blind of both his eyes, and yet had been divers times at Rome by + post. He did great honour to the ambassadour, and conveyed him to see St. + Patrick's Purgatory, which is like an old coal pit which had taken fire, + by reason of the smoke that came out of the hole."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query 1. What was the secret object of the ambassador?</p> + + <p>Query 2. Has St. Patrick's Purgatory any existence at the present + time?</p> + + <p class="author">D. W. S. P. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SEAL OF WILLIAM D'ALBINI.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 452.)</p> + + <p>The curious article of your correspondent <span + class="sc">Senex</span> relative to this seal, as described and figured + in Barrett's <i>History of Attleburgh</i>, has a peculiar interest as + connected with the device of a man combating a lion.</p> + + <p>The first time I saw this device was in a most curious MS. on + "Memorial Trophies and Funeral Monuments, both in the old Churches of + London before the Fire, and the Churches and Mansions in many of the + Counties of England." The MS. is written by Henry St. George, and will be + found in Lansd. MSS. 874. The arms and tombs are all elaborately and + carefully drawn, with their various localities, and the epitaphs which + belong to them; and the whole is accompanied with an Index of Persons, + and another of Places.</p> + + <p>At p. 28. this device of a man combating a lion is represented + associated with a shield of arms of many quarterings, showing the arms + and alliances of the royal family of Stuart, and is described as having + formed the subject of a window in the stewards house adjoining the church + of St. Andrew's, Holborn. In the <i>Catalogue of the Lansdowne MSS.</i> + is a long and interesting note on this device, with references to the + various works where it may be found, to which I have had access at the + Museum, and find them correct, and opening a subject for investigation of + a most curious kind.</p> + + <p>The figure of the knight, in this drawing, differs considerably from + that on Dr. Barrett's seal. He is here represented on foot, dressed in + the chain mail and tunic of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, with a + close-barred helmet, with a broad flat crown, such as was worn in France + in the time of Louis IX., called St. Louis. The lion is in the act of + springing upon him, and he is aiming a deadly blow at him with a ragged + staff, as his sword lies broken at his feet. The figure is represented as + fighting on the green sward. From a cloud over the lion proceeds an arm + clothed in chain mail, and holding in the hand, suspended by a baldrick, + a shield bearing the arms of France (modern<a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>)—Azure, three fleurs-de-lis + or. On a scutcheon of pretence in the centre, Argent, a lion ramp. gules, + debruised with ragged staff, proper. This device forms the 1st quarter of + the quarterings of the Stuart family.</p> + + <p>In this device there is no figure of a lizard, dragon, or chimera, + whichever it is, under the horse's feet, as represented in the seal of + D'Albini.</p> + + <p>I could much extend this reply, by showing the antiquity of this + device, which by a long process of investigation I have traced as + connected with the legendary songs of the troubadours; but I think I have + said sufficient for the present, in reply to <span + class="sc">Senex</span>.</p> + + <p>In addition to the above, I may mention a seal of a somewhat similar + character to that of D'Albini, representing a knight on horseback, with + his sword in his hand, and his shield of arms, which are also on the + housings of the horse, under whose feet is the dragon: on the reverse is + the <!-- Page 553 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page553"></a>{553}</span> combat of the knight with the lion. The + knight is holding his shield in front, and holding his sword in his left + hand. This seal is that of Roger de Quincy, earl of Winchester, and + appended to a deed "<span class="sc">m.cc.</span> Quadrigresimo Quinto." + It occurs in Harl. MSS. 6079. p. 127.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>I say <i>modern</i>, for the ancient arms of France were Azure, semée + of fleurs-de-lis, as they are represented in old glass, when quartered + with those of England by our Henries and Edwards.</p> + +</div> + <p>Pray request <span class="sc">Senex</span> to withdraw every word he + has said about me. I do not recollect that I ever said or wrote a word + about the Seal of William D'Albini; and I cannot find that my name occurs + in Dr. Barrett's volume.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edw. Hawkins</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>"WILL" AND "SHALL."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 356.)</p> + + <p>The difficulty as to the proper use of the auxiliaries <i>shall</i> + and <i>will</i>, will be found to arise from the fact, that while these + particles respectively convey a different idea in the <i>first</i> person + singular and plural, from that which they imply in the <i>second</i> and + <i>third</i> persons singular and plural, the distinction has been lost + sight of in the amalgamation of <i>both</i>; as if they were + interchangeable, in <i>one</i> tense, according to the old grammatical + formula <i>I shall</i> or <i>will</i>. With a view of giving my own views + on the subject, and attempting to supply what appears to me a grammatical + deficiency, I shall proceed to make a few remarks; from which I trust + your Hong Kong correspondent W. T. M. may be able to form "a clear and + definite rule," and students of English assisted in their attempts to + overcome this formidable conversational "shibboleth."</p> + + <p>The fact is simply thus:—<i>Will</i> is <i>volitive</i> in the + <i>first</i> persons singular and plural; and simply <i>declarative</i> + or <i>promissory</i> in the <i>second</i> and <i>third</i> persons + singular and plural. <i>Shall</i>, on the other hand, is + <i>declaratory</i> or <i>promissory</i> in the <i>first</i> person + singular and plural; <i>volitive</i> in the <i>second</i> and + <i>third</i> singular and plural. Thus, the so-called future is properly + divisible into <i>two</i> tenses: the <i>first</i> implying + <i>influence</i> or <i>volition</i>; the <i>second</i> (or future proper) + <i>intention</i> or <i>promise</i>. Thus:</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Shall and Will" title="Shall and Will"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:center"> + <p>1.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center"> + <p>2.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>I <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>I <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Thou <i>shalt</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Thou <i>wilt</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>He <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>He <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>We <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>We <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>You <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>You <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>They <i>shall</i> go.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>They <i>will</i> go.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>When the above is thoroughly comprehended by the pupil, it will be + only necessary to impress upon his mind (as a concise rule) the necessity + of making use of a different auxiliary in speaking of the future actions + of <i>others</i>, when he wishes to convey the same idea respecting + <i>such actions</i> which he has done, or should do, in speaking of his + <i>own</i>, and <i>vice versâ</i>. Thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>I <i>will</i> go, and you <i>shall</i> accompany me.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>(<i>i. e.</i> it is my <i>wish</i> to go, and also that you shall + accompany me.)</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>I <i>shall</i> go, and you <i>will</i> accompany me.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>(<i>i. e.</i> <span class="correction" title="'in' in original" + >it</span> is my <i>intention</i> to go; and believe, or know, that it is + your <i>intention</i> to accompany me.)</p> + + <p>The philosophical reason for this distinction will be evident, when we + reflect upon the various ideas produced in the mind by the expression of + either <i>volition</i> or mere <i>intention</i> (in so far as the latter + is distinguishable from active <i>will</i>) with regard to <i>our own</i> + future actions, and the same terms with reference to the future actions + of <i>others</i>. It will be seen that a mere <i>intention</i> in the + <i>first</i> person, becomes <i>influence</i> when it extends to the + <i>second</i> and <i>third</i>; we know nothing, <i>à priori</i> (as it + were) of the <i>intentions</i> of others, except in so far as we may have + the power of <i>determining</i> them. When I say "<i>I</i> shall go" + (<i>j'irai</i>), I merely express an <i>intention</i> or <i>promise</i> + to go; but if I continue "<i>You</i> and <i>they</i> shall go," I convey + the idea that <i>my</i> intention or promise is operative on <i>you</i> + and <i>them</i>; and the terms which I thus use become unintentionally + influential or expressive of an extension of <i>my</i> volition to the + actions of <i>others</i>. Again, the terms which I use to signify + <i>volition</i>, with reference to <i>my own</i> actions, are but + <i>declaratory</i> or <i>promissory</i> when I speak of <i>your</i> + actions, or those of <i>others</i>. I am conscious of <i>my own</i> wish + to go; but <i>my</i> wish not influencing <i>you</i>, I do, by continuing + the use of the same auxiliary, but express my belief or knowledge that + <i>your</i> wish is, or will be, coincident with <i>my own</i>. When I + say "I will go" (<i>je veux aller</i>), I express a desire to go; but if + I add, "<i>You</i> and <i>they</i> will go," I simply promise on behalf + of <i>you</i> and <i>them</i>, or express <i>my</i> belief or knowledge + that <i>you</i> and <i>they</i> will also desire to go.</p> + + <p>It is not unworthy of note, that the nice balance between <i>shall</i> + and <i>will</i> is much impaired by the constant use of the ellipse, + "I'll, you'll," &c.; and that <i>volition</i> and <i>intention</i> + are, to a great extent, co-existent and inseparable in the <i>first</i> + person: the metaphysical reasons for this do not here require + explanation.</p> + + <p>I am conscious that I have not elucidated this apparently simple, but + really complex question, in so clear and concise a manner as I could have + wished; but, feeling convinced that my principle at least is sound, I + leave it, for better consideration, in the hands of your + correspondent.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Bates</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p>Brightland's rule is,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"In the first person simply <i>shall</i> foretells;</p> + <p>In <i>will</i> a threat or else a promise dwells:</p> +<!-- Page 554 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page554"></a>{554}</span> + <p><i>Shall</i> in the second and the third does threat;</p> + <p><i>Will</i> simply then foretells the coming feat."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>(See T. K. Arnold's <i>Eng. Gram. for Classical Schools</i>, 3rd + edit., p. 41.; Mitford, <i>Harmony of Language</i>; and note 5. in Rev. + R. Twopeny's <i>Dissertations on the Old and New Testament</i>.)</p> + + <p>The inconsistency in the use of <i>shall</i> and <i>will</i> is best + explained by a doctrine of Mr. Hare's (J. C. H.), the <i>usus + ethicus</i> of the future. (See <i>Cambridge Philological Museum</i>, + vol. ii. p. 203., where the subject is mentioned incidentally, and in + illustration; and Latham's <i>English Language</i>, 2nd edit., p. 498., + where Mr. Hare's hypothesis is given at length. Indeed, from Latham and + T. K. Arnold my Note has been framed.)</p> + + <p class="author">F. S., B. A. + + <p class="address">Lee. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 127.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>, at p. 127. of + the current volume of "N. & Q.," gives several forms of inscriptions + in books. The following may prove interesting to him, if not to the + generality of your readers.</p> + + <p>A MS. preserved in the Bibliothèque Sainte Généviève—it appears + to have been the cellarer's book of the ancient abbey of that name, and + to have been written about the beginning of the sixteenth + century—bears on the fly-sheet the name of "Mathieu Monton, + religieux et célérier de l'église de céans," with the following + verses:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Qui ce livre cy emblera,</p> + <p>Propter suam maliciam</p> + <p>Au gibet pendu sera,</p> + <p>Repugnando superbiam</p> + <p>Au gibet sera sa maison,</p> + <p>Sive suis parentibus,</p> + <p>Car ce sera bien raison,</p> + <p>Exemplum datum omnibus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>An Ovid, printed in 1501, belonging to the Bibliothèque de Chinon, has + the following verses:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ce present livre est à Jehan Theblereau.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1">"Qui le trouvera sy lui rende:</p> + <p class="i1">Il lui poyra bien le vin</p> + <p class="i1">Le jour et feste Sainct Martin,</p> + <p class="i1">Et une mésenge à la Sainct Jean,</p> + <p class="i4">Sy la peut prendre.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Tesmoin mon synet manuel, cy mis le x<sup>e</sup> jour de avril mil + v<sup>c</sup> trente et cyns, après Pasque."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here follows the paraphe.</p> + + <p>School-boys in France write the following lines in their books after + their names, and generally accompany them with a drawing of a man hanging + on a gibbet:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Aspice Pierrot pendu,</p> + <p>Quòd librum n'a pas rendu;</p> + <p>Pierrot pendu non fuisset,</p> + <p>Si librum reddidisset."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>English school-boys use these forms:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hic liber est meus</p> + <p>Testis est Deus.</p> + <p>Si quis furetur</p> + <p>A collo pendetur</p> + <p>Ad hunc modum."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This is always followed by a drawing of a gibbet.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"John Smith, his book.</p> + <p>God give him grace therein to look;</p> + <p>Not only look but understand,</p> + <p>For learning is better than house or land.</p> + <p>When house and land are gone and spent,</p> + <p>Then learning is most excellent."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"John Smith is my name,</p> + <p>England is my nation,</p> + <p>London is my dwelling-place,</p> + <p>And Christ is my salvation.</p> + <p>When I am dead and in my grave,</p> + <p>And all my bones are rotten,</p> + <p>When this you see, remember me,</p> + <p>When I am 'most forgotten."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Steal not this book, my honest friend,</p> + <p>For fear the gallows should be your end,</p> + <p>And when you're dead the Lord should say,</p> + <p>Where is the book you stole away?"</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Steal not this book for fear of shame,</p> + <p>For under lies the owner's name:</p> + <p>The first is <span class="sc">John</span>, in letters bright,</p> + <p>The second <span class="sc">Smith</span>, to all men's sight;</p> + <p>And if you dare to steal this book,</p> + <p>The devil will take you with his hook."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Honoré de Mareville</span>. + + <p class="address">Guernsey. + + <p>I forward you the following inscription, which I met with in an old + copy of Cæsar's <i>Commentaries</i> (if I remember rightly) at + Pontefract, Yorkshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Si quis hunc librum rapiat scelestus</p> + <p>Atque scelestis manibus reservet</p> + <p>Ibit ad nigras Acherontis undas</p> + <p class="i4">Non rediturus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">F. F. G. (Oxford). + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p.493.)</p> + + <p>I have to thank L. for his notice of my edition of the <i>Advancement + of Learning</i>, as well as for the information which he has given me, of + which I hope to have an early opportunity of availing myself. As he + expresses a hope that it may be followed by similar editions of other of + Bacon's works, I may state that the <i>Essays</i>, with the <i>Colours of + Good and Evil</i>, are already printed, and will be issued very shortly. + I am quite conscious that the references in the margin are by no means + complete: indeed, as I had only <i>horæ subsecivæ</i> to give to the + work, I did not attempt to make them so. <!-- Page 555 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page555"></a>{555}</span> But I thought it might + be useful to give a general indication of the sources from which the + writer drew, and therefore put in all that I could find, without the + expenditure of a great deal of time. Consequently I fear that those I + have omitted will not be found to be the most obvious.</p> + + <p>I shall be glad to make a few remarks on some of the passages noticed + by L.</p> + + <p>P. 25.—Of this piece of carelessness—for which I do not + the less feel that I deserved a rebuke because L. has not administered + it—I had already been made aware by the kindness of a friend. I + confess I had never heard of Osorius, which is perhaps no great matter + for wonder; but I looked for his name both in Bayle and the catalogue of + the library of the British Museum, and by some oversight missed it. I + have since found it in both. I cannot help, however, remarking that this + is a good example of the advantage of noting <i>every</i> deviation from + the received text. Had I tacitly transposed three letters of the word in + question (a small liberty compared with some that my predecessors have + taken), my corruption of the text might have passed unnoticed. I have not + had much experience in these things; but if the works of English writers + in general have been tampered with by editors as much as I have found the + <i>Advancement</i> and <i>Essays</i> of Lord Bacon to be, I fear they + must have suffered great mutilation. I rather incline to think it is the + case, for I have had occasion lately to compare two editions of Paley's + <i>Horæ Paulinæ</i>, and I find great differences in the text. All this + looks suspicious.</p> + + <p>P. 34.—I spent some time in searching for this passage in + Aristotle, but I could not discover it. I did not look elsewhere.</p> + + <p>P. 60.—In the forthcoming edition of the <i>Essays</i> I have + referred to Plutarch, <i>Gryll.</i>, 1., which I incline to think is the + passage Bacon had in his mind. The passage quoted from Cicero I merely + meant to point out for comparison.</p> + + <p>P. 146.—The passage quoted is from Sen. <i>ad Lucil.</i>, + 52.</p> + + <p>P. 147.—<i>Ad Lucil.</i>, 53.</p> + + <p>P. 159.—<i>Ad Lucil.</i>, 71.</p> + + <p>Two or three other passages from Seneca will be found without any + reference. One of them, p. 13., "Quidam sunt tam umbratiles ut putent in + turbido esse quicquid in luce est," I have taken some pains to hunt for, + but hitherto without success. Another noticeable one, "Vita sine + proposito languida et vaga est," is from <i>Ep. ad Lucil.</i>, 95.</p> + + <p>For the reference to Aristotle I am much obliged. I was anxious to + trace all the quotations from Aristotle, but could not find this one.</p> + + <p>P. 165.—I cannot answer this question. Is it possible that he + was thinking of St. Augustine? In the <i>Confessions</i>, i. 25., we kind + the expression <i>vinum erroris</i>.</p> + + <p>P. 177.—No doubt Bacon had read the treatise of Sallust quoted, + but my impression is that he thought the proverb had grown out of the + line in Plautus.</p> + + <p>P. 180.—I have searched again for "alimenta socordiæ," as it is + quoted in the <i>Colours of Good and Evil</i>, but cannot fix upon any + passage from which I can say it was taken, though there are many which + might have suggested it. One at p. 19. of the <i>Advancement</i>, which I + missed at first, I have since met with. It is from the <i>Cherson.</i>, + p. 106.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Markby</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Test for a good Lens.</i>—The generality of purchasers of + photographic lenses can content themselves with merely the following + rules when they buy. It ought to be achromatic, <i>i. e.</i> consisting + of the usual two pieces of crown and flint glass, that its curves are the + most recommended, and that it is free from bubbles: to ascertain the + latter, hold the lens between the finger and thumb of the right hand, + much as an egg-merchant examines an egg before a strong gas flame, and a + little to the right of it; this reveals every bubble, however small, and + another kind of texture like minute gossamer threads. If these are too + abundant, it should not be chosen; although the best lenses are never + altogether free from these defects, it is on the whole better to have one + or two good-sized bubbles than any density of texture; because it + follows, that every inequality will refract pencils of light out of the + direction they ought to go; and as bubbles do the same thing, but as they + do not refract away so much light, they are not of much consequence.</p> + + <p>I believe if a lens is made as thin as it safely can be, it will be + quicker than a thicker one. I have two precisely the same focus, and one + thinner than the other; the thinner is much the quicker of the two. An + apparently indifferent lens should be tried with several kinds of + apertures, till it will take sharp pictures; but if no size of aperture + can make it, or a small aperture takes a very long time, it is a bad + lens. M. Claudet, whose long experience in the art has given him the + requisite judgment, changes the diameter of his lenses often during the + day; and tries occasionally, in his excellent plan, the places of the + chemical focus: by this his time is always nearly the same, and the + results steady. As he is always free in communicating his knowledge, he + will, I think, always explain his method when he is applied to. The + inexperienced photographer is often too prone to blame his lens when the + failure proceeds more from the above causes. The variation of the + chemical focus during a day's work is often the cause of disappointment: + though it does not affect the landscape so much as the portrait operator. + <!-- Page 556 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page556"></a>{556}</span></p> + + <p>If any one has a lens, the chemical and visual focus being different, + his only remedy is M. Claudet's method. And this method will also prove + better than any other way at present known of ascertaining whether a lens + will take a sharp picture or not. If, however, any plan could be devised + for making the solar spectrum visible upon a sheet of paper inside the + camera, it would reduce the question of taking sharp pictures at once + into a matter of certainty.</p> + + <p>All lenses, however, should be tried by the opticians who sell them; + and if they presented a specimen of their powers to a buyer, he could see + in a moment what their capabilities were.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor</span>. + + <p class="address">Bayswater. + + <p><i>Photography and the Microscope</i> (Vol. vii., p. 507.).—I + beg to inform your correspondents R. I. F. and J., that in Number 3. of + the <i>Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science</i> (Highley, Fleet + Street) they will find three papers containing more or less information + on the subject of their Query; and a plate, exhibiting two positive + photographs from collodion negatives, in the same number, will give a + good idea of what they may expect to attain in this branch of the + art.</p> + + <p>Practically, I know nothing of photography; but, from my acquaintance + with the modern achromatic microscope, I venture to say that photography + applied to this instrument will be of no farther use than as <i>an + assistant to the draughtsman</i>. A reference to the plates alluded to + will show how incompetent it is to produce <i>pictures</i> of microscopic + objects: any one who has seen these objects under a good instrument will + acknowledge that these specimens give but a very faint idea of what the + microscope actually exhibits.</p> + + <p>It is unfortunately the case, that the more perfect the instrument, + the less adapted it is for producing photographic pictures; for, in those + of the latest construction, the aperture of the object-glasses is carried + to such an extreme, that the observer is obliged to keep his hand + continually on the fine adjustment, in order to accommodate the focus to + the different <i>planes</i> in which different parts of the object lie. + This is the case even with so low a power as the half-inch + object-glasses, those of Messrs. Powell and Lealand being of the enormous + aperture of 65°; and if this is the case while looking through the + instrument when this disadvantage is somewhat counteracted by the power + which the eye has, to a certain degree, of adjusting itself to the object + under observation, how much more inconvenient will it be found in + endeavouring to focus the whole object at once on the ground glass plate, + where such an accommodating power no longer exists. The smaller the + aperture of the object-glasses, in reason, the better they will be + adapted for photographic purposes.</p> + + <p>Again, another peculiarity of the object-glasses of the achromatic + microscope gives rise to a farther difficulty; they are over-corrected + for colour, the spectrum is reversed, or the violet rays are projected + beyond the red: this is in order to meet the requirements of the + eye-piece. But with the photographic apparatus the eye-piece is not used, + so that, after the object has been brought visually into focus in the + camera, a farther adjustment is necessary, in order to focus for the + actinic rays, which reside in the violet end of the spectrum. This is + effected by withdrawing the object-glass a little from the object, in + which operation there is no guide but experience; moreover, the amount of + withdrawal differs with each object-glass.</p> + + <p>However, the inconvenience caused by this over-chromatic correction + may, I think, be remedied by the use of the achromatic condenser in the + place of an object-glass; that kind of condenser, at least, which is + supplied by the <i>first</i> microscopic makers. I cannot help thinking + that this substitution will prove of some service; for, in the first + place, the power of the condenser is generally equal to that of a quarter + of an inch object-glass, which is perhaps the most generally useful of + all the powers; and again, its aperture is, I think, not usually so great + as that which an object-glass of the same power would have; and, + moreover, as to correction, though it is slightly spherically + under-corrected to accommodate the plate-glass under the object, yet the + chromatic correction is <i>perfect</i>. The condenser is easily detached + from its "fittings," and its application to the camera would be as simple + as that of an ordinary object-glass.</p> + + <p>However, my conviction remains that, in spite of all that perseverance + and science can accomplish, it never will be in the power of the + photographer to produce a picture of an object under the microscope, + <i>equally distinct in all its parts</i>; and unless his art can effect + this, I need scarcely say that his best productions can be but useful + auxiliaries to the draughtsman.</p> + + <p>I see by an advertisement that the Messrs. Highley supply everything + that is necessary for the application of photography to the + microscope.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p>In reply to your correspondent J., I would ask if he has any + photographic apparatus? if so, the answer to his question "What extra + apparatus is required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain + photographic microscopic pictures?" would be <i>None</i>; but if not, he + would require a camera, or else a wooden conical body, with plate-holder, + &c., besides the ordinary photographic outfit. Part III. of the + <i>Microscopical Journal</i>, published by Highley & Son, Fleet + Street, will give him all the information he requires. <!-- Page 557 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page557"></a>{557}</span></p> + + <p><span class="grk">φ</span>. (p. 506.) may find a solution of his + difficulties regarding the production of stereoscopic pictures, in the + following considerations. The object of having two pictures is to present + to <i>each eye</i> an image of what it sees in nature; but as the angle + subtended by a line, of which the pupils of the eyes form the + extremities, must differ for every distance, and for objects of varying + sizes, it follows there is no <i>absolute</i> rule that can be laid down + as the only correct one. For <i>distant</i> views there is in nature + scarcely any stereoscopic effect; and in a photographic stereoscopic view + the effect produced is not really a representation to the eye of the + <i>view itself</i>, but of <i>a model of such view</i>; and the apparent + size of the model will vary with the angle of incidence of the two + pictures, being <i>smaller</i> and <i>nearer</i> as the angle increases. + I believe Professor Wheatstone recommends for landscapes 1 in 25, or + about half an inch to every foot.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt</span>. + + <p><i>Cement for Glass Baths.</i>—In reply to numerous inquiries + which have appeared in "N. & Q." relative to a good cement for making + glass baths for photographic purposes, I send a recipe which I copied a + year or two ago from some newspaper, and which seems likely to answer the + purpose: I have not tried it myself, not being a photographer.</p> + + <p>Caoutchouc 15 grains, chloroform 2 ounces, mastic ½ an ounce. The two + first-named ingredients are to be mixed first, and after the gum is + dissolved, the mastic is to be added, and the whole allowed to macerate + for a week. When great elasticity is desirable, more caoutchouc may be + added. This cement is perfectly transparent, and is to be applied with a + brush cold.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p><i>Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing.</i>—All persons who have + experienced disappointment in the printing of their positive pictures + will feel obliged by <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte's</span> suggestion as to + the bath; but as the preparation of the positive paper has also a great + deal to say to the ultimate result, <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span> + would confer an additional obligation if he gave the treatment he adopts + for this.</p> + + <p>I have observed that the negative collodion picture exercises a good + deal of influence on the ultimate colour of the positive, and that + different collodion negatives will give different results in this + respect, when the paper and treatment with each has been precisely the + same. Does this correspond with other persons' experience?</p> + + <p class="author">C. E. F. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> + + <p><i>Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416. + 507.).—<span class="sc">Mr. Thoms's</span> suggestion, and his + quotation in proof thereof from the Chronicler, are farther verified by + the following inscription and verses which I transcribe from an engraved + portrait of the famous jester:</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"Ulenspiegel.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ligt Begraben zu Dom in Flandern in der grosen Kirch, auf dem + Grabister also Likend abgebildet. Starb A<sup>o</sup>. 1301."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>These lines are above the portrait, and beneath it are the verses next + following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Tchau <i>Ulenspiegeln</i> hier. Das Bildniss macht dich lachen:</p> + <p>Was wurdst du thun siehst du jhn selber Possen machen?</p> + <p class="i1">Zwar <i>Thÿle</i> ist ein Bild und <i>Spiegel</i> dieser Welt,</p> + <p>Viel Bruder er verliess; Wir treiben Narretheÿen,</p> + <p>In dem uns dunckt, dass wir die grosten Weysen seÿen,</p> + <p class="i1">Drum lache deiner selbst; diss Blat dich dir vorstellt."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The portrait, evidently that of a man of large intellect, is very + life-like, and full of animation. He seems to be some fifty years of age + or so; he has a cap, ornamented by large feather, on his head. He is + seated in a chair, has a book in his hand, and is attired in a kind of + magisterial robe bordered with fur. There is a good-humoured roguish + twinkle in his eyes; and I should be inclined to call him, judging from + the portrait before me, an epigrammatist rather than mere vulgar jester. + The engraving is beautifully executed: it has neither date nor place of + publication, but its age may perhaps be determined by the names of the + painter (Paulus Furst) and engraver (P. Troschel). The orthography is by + no means of recent date. I cannot translate the verses to my own + satisfaction; and should feel much obliged if you, <span class="sc">Mr. + Editor</span>, or <span class="sc">Mr. Thoms</span>, would favour the + readers of "N. & Q." with an English version thereof.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Campkin</span>. + + <p class="address">Reform Club. + + <p><i>Lawyers' Bags</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 85. 144.).—Colonel Landman + is doubtless correct in his statement as to the colour of barristers' + bags; but from the evidence of A <span class="sc">Templar</span> and + <span class="sc">Causidicus</span>, we must place the change from green + to red at some period anterior to the trial of Queen Caroline. In Queen + Anne's time they were <i>green</i>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I am told, Cousin Diego, you are one of those that have undertaken to + manage me, and that you have said you will carry a <i>green bag</i> + yourself, rather than we shall make an end of our lawsuit: I'll teach + them and you too to manage."—<i>The History of John Bull</i>, by + Dr. Arbuthnot, Part I. ch. xv.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley, B. A.</span> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Cheshire. + + <p><i>"Nine Tailors make a Man"</i> (Vol. vi., pp. 390. 563.; Vol. vii., + p. 165.).—The origin of this saying is to be sought for elsewhere + than in England only. Le Conte de la Villemarqué, in his <!-- Page 558 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page558"></a>{558}</span> interesting + collection of Breton ballads, <i>Barzas-Breiz</i>, vol. i. p. 35., has + the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Les tailleurs, cette classe vouée au ridicule, en Bretagne, comme + dans le pays de Galles, en Irlande, en Ecosse, en Allemagne et ailleurs, + et qui l'était jadis chez toutes les nations guerrières, dont la vie + agitée et errante s'accordait mal avec une existence casanière et + paisible. Le peuple dit encore de nos jours en Bretagne, <i>qu'il faut + neuf tailleurs pour faire un homme</i>, et jamais il ne prononce leur + nom, sans ôter son chapeau, et sans dire: 'Sauf votre respect.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The saying is current also in Normandy, at least in those parts which + border on Britany. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be + able to say whether it is to be found in other parts of Europe.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Honoré de Mareville</span>. + + <p class="address">Guernsey. + + <p><i>"Time and I"</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 247.).—Arbuthnot calls + it a Spanish proverb. In the <i>History of John Bull</i>, we read among + the titles of other imaginary chapters in the "Postscript," that + of—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ch. XVI. Commentary upon the <i>Spanish</i> Proverb, <i>Time and I + against any Two</i>; or Advice to Dogmatical Politicians, exemplified in + some New Affairs between John Bull and <i>Lewis Baboon</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley, B. A.</span> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Cheshire. + + <p><i>Carr Pedigree</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 408. 512.).—W. <span + class="sc">St</span>. says that William Carr married Elizabeth, daughter + of Edward Sing, Bishop of Cork. The name is Synge, not Sing. The family + name was originally Millington, and was changed to Synge by Henry VIII. + or Queen Elizabeth, on account of the sweetness of the voice of one of + the family, who was a clergyman, and the ancestor of George Synge, Bishop + of Cloyne; Edward Synge, Bishop of Ross; Edward Synge, Archbishop of + Tuam; Edward Synge, Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns; Nicholas Synge, Bishop + of Killaloe; the late Sir Samuel Synge Hutchinson, Archdeacon of Killala; + and of the present Sir Edward Synge.</p> + + <p>I cannot find that any of these church dignitaries had a daughter + married to Wm. Carr. Nicholas Synge, Bishop of Killaloe, left a daughter, + Elizabeth, who died unmarried in 1834, aged ninety-nine; but I cannot + discover that either of the other bishops of that family had a daughter + Elizabeth.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Gulielmus</span>. + + <p><i>Campvere, Privileges of</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 262. 440.).—What + were these privileges, and whence was the term derived?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Veria, quæ et Canfera, vel Campoveria potius dicitur, alterum est + inter oppida hujus insulæ, muro et mœnibus clausa, situ quidem ad + aquilonem obversa, et in ipso oceani littore: fossam habet, quæ + Middelburgum usque extenditur, à quâ urbe leucæ tantum unius, etc.</p> + + <p>"Estque oppidulum satis concinnum, et mercimoniis florens, maxime + propter commercia navium <i>Scoticarum</i>, quæ in isto potissimum portu + stare adsueverunt.</p> + + <p>"<i>Scotorum</i> denique, superioribus annis, frequentatione celebris + et <i>Scoticarum</i> mercium, præcipue vellerum ovillorum, stapula, ut + vocant, et emporium esse cœpit."—L. Guicciardini, + <i>Belgium</i> (1646), vol. ii. pp. 67, 68.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Will J. D. S. be so good as to say where he found the "Campvere + privileges" referred to?</p> + + <p class="author">E. + + <p><i>Haulf-naked</i> (Vol. vii., p. 432.).—The conjecture that + <i>Half-naked</i> was a manor in co. Sussex is verified by entries in + <i>Cal. Rot. Pat.</i>, 11 Edw. I., m. 15.; and 13 Edw. I., m. 18. Also in + <i>Abbreviatio Rot. Orig.</i>, 21 Edw. III., <i>Rot.</i> 21.; in which + latter it is spelt <i>Halnaked</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. S. R. + + <p class="address">St. Ives, Hunts. + + <p><i>Old Picture of the Spanish Armada</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 454.).—Although perhaps this may not be reckoned an answer to + J. S. A.'s Query on this head, I have to inform you that in the steeple + part of Gaywood Church near this town, is a fine old painting of Queen + Elizabeth reviewing the forces at Tilbury Fort, and the Spanish fleet in + the distance. It is framed, and sadly wants cleaning.</p> + + <p class="author">J. N. C. + + <p class="address">King's Lynn. + + <p><i>Parochial Libraries</i> (Vol. vi., p. 432., &c.).—We have + in St. Margaret's parish a parochial library, which is kept in a room + fitted up near the vestry of the church in this town.</p> + + <p class="author">J. N. C. + + <p class="address">King's Lynn. + + <p>To the list of places where there are parochial libraries may be added + Bewdley, in Worcestershire. There is a small library in the Grammar + School of that place, consisting, if I recollect aright, mainly of old + divinity, under the care of the master: though it is true, for some + years, there has been no master.</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S. + + <p>In the preface to the <i>Life of Lord Keeper Guilford</i>, by Roger + North, it appears that Dudleys youngest daughter of Charles, and + granddaughter of Dudley Lord North, dying,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Her library, consisting of a choice collection of Oriental books, by + the present Lord North and Grey, her only surviving brother, was given to + the parochial library of Rougham in Norfolk, where it now remains."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This library then existed in 1742, the date of the first edition of + the work.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Furvus</span>. + + <p class="address">St. James's. + + <p><i>How to stain Deal</i> (Vol. vii., p. 356.).—Your + correspondent C. will find that a solution of <!-- Page 559 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page559"></a>{559}</span> asphaltum in boiling + turpentine is a very good stain to dye deal to imitate oak. This must be + applied when cold with a brush to the timbers: allowed to get dry, then + size and varnish it.</p> + + <p>The dye, however, which I always use, is a compound of raw umber and a + small portion of blue-black diluted to the shade required with strong + size in solution: this must be used hot. It is evident that this will not + require the preparatory sizing before the application of the varnish. + Common coal, ground in water, and used the same as any other colour, I + have found to be an excellent stain for roof timbers.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. H. Cullingford</span>. + + <p class="address">Cromhall, Gloucestershire. + + <p><i>Roger Outlawe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 332.).—Of this person, who + was Lord Deputy of Ireland for many years of the reign of Edward III., + some particulars will be found in the notes to the <i>Proceedings against + Dame Alice Kyteler</i>, edited for the Camden Society by Mr. Wright, p. + 49. There is evidently more than one misreading in the date of the + extract communicated by the <span class="sc">Rev. H. T. Ellacombe</span>: + "die pasche in viiij mense anno B. Etii post ultimum conquestum hibernia + quarto." I cannot interpret "in viiij mense;" but the rest should + evidently be "anno <i>Regis Edwardi tertii</i> post ultimum conquestum + Hiberniæ quarto."</p> + + <p>May I ask whether this "last conquest of Ireland" has been noticed by + palæographers in other instances?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon</span>. + + <p><i>Tennyson</i> (Vol. vii., p. 84.).—Will not the following + account by Lord Bacon, in his <i>History of Henry VII.</i>, of the + marriage by proxy between Maximilian, King of the Romans, and the + Princess Anne of Britany, illustrate for your correspondent H. J. J. his + last quotation from Tennyson?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">"She to me</p> + <p>Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf,</p> + <p>At eight years old."</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Maximilian so far forth prevailed, both with the young lady and with + the principal persons about her, as the marriage was consummated by + proxy, with a ceremony at that time in these parts new. For she was not + only publicly contracted, but stated, as a bride, and solemnly bedded; + and after she was laid, there came in Maximilian's ambassador with + letters of procuration, and in the presence of sundry noble personages, + men and women, put his leg, stripped naked to the knee, between the + espousal sheets," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>Old Fogie</i> (Vol. vii., p. 354.).—<span class="sc">Mr. + Keightley</span> supposes the term of <i>old fogie</i>, as applied to + "mature old warriors," to be "of pure Irish origin," or "rather of Dublin + birth." In this he is certainly mistaken, for the word <i>fogie</i>, as + applied to old soldiers, is as well known, and was once as familiarly + used in Scotland, as it ever was or could have been in Ireland. The race + was extinct before my day, but I understand that formerly the permanent + garrisons of Edinburgh, and I believe also of Stirling, Castles, + consisted of veteran companies; and I remember, when I first came to + Edinburgh, of people who had seen them, still talking of "the Castle + fogies."</p> + + <p>Dr. Jamieson, in his <i>Scottish Dictionary</i>, defines the word + "foggie or fogie," to be first, "an invalid, or garrison soldier," + secondly, "a person advanced in life" and derives it from "Su. G. + <i>fogde</i>, formerly one who had the charge of a garrison."</p> + + <p>This seems to me a more satisfactory derivation than <span + class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span>, who considers it a corruption or + diminutive of <i>old folks</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. L. + + <p class="address">City Chambers, Edinburgh. + + <p><i>Errata corrigenda.</i>—Vol. ii., p. 356. col. 2., near the + bottom, for Sir <i>William</i> Jardine, read Sir <i>Henry</i> Jardine. + Sir William and Sir Henry were very different persons, though the former + was probably the more generally known. Sir H. was the author of the + report referred to.</p> + + <p>Vol. vii., p. 441. col. 1. line 15, for <i>Lenier</i> read + <i>Ferrier</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. L. + + <p class="address">City Chambers, Edinburgh. + + <p><i>Anecdote of Dutens</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 26. 390.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Lord Lansdowne at breakfast mentioned of Dutens, who wrote + <i>Mémoires d'un Voyageur qui se repose</i>, and was a great antiquarian, + that, on his describing once his good luck in having found (what he + fancied to be) a tooth of Scipio's in Italy, some one asked him what he + had done with it, upon which he answered briskly: 'What have I done with + it? Le voici,' pointing to his mouth; where he had made it supplemental + to a lost one of his own."—Moore's <i>Journal</i>, vol. iv. p. + 271.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + + <p><i>Gloves at Fairs</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—In Hone's + <i>Every-day Book</i> (vol. ii. p. 1059.) is the following + paragraph:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Exeter Lammas Fair</span>.—The charter for + this fair is perpetuated by a glove of immense size, stuffed and carried + through the city on a very long pole, decorated with ribbons, flowers, + &c., and attended with music, parish beadles, and the mobility. It is + afterwards placed on the top of the Guildhall, and then the fair + commences: on the taking down of the glove, the fair + terminates.—P."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As to Crolditch, <i>alias</i> Lammas Fair, at Exeter, see Izacke's + <i>Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter</i>, pp. 19, 20.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper</span>. + + <p class="address">Cambridge. + + <p>At Macclesfield, in Cheshire, a large glove was, perhaps is, always + suspended from the outside of the window of the town-hall during the + holding of a fair; and as long as the glove was so suspended, every one + was free from arrest within the <!-- Page 560 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page560"></a>{560}</span> township, and, I have heard, while going + and returning to and from the fair.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Hawkins</span>. + + <p>At Free Mart, at Portsmouth, a glove used to be hung out of the + town-hall window, and no one could be arrested during the fortnight that + the fair lasted.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. O. Martin</span>. + + <p><i>Arms—Battle-axe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 407.).—The families + which bore three Dane-axes or battle-axes in their coats armorial were + very numerous in ancient times. It may chance to be of service to your + Querist A.C. to be informed, that those of Devonshire which displayed + these bearings were the following: Dennys, Batten, Gibbes, Ledenry, Wike, + Wykes, and Urey.</p> + + <p class="author">J. D. S. + + <p><i>Enough</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—In Staffordshire, and I + believe in the other midland counties, this word is usually pronounced + <i>enoo</i>, and written <i>enow</i>. In Richardson's <i>Dictionary</i> + it will be found "enough or enow;" and the etymology is evidently from + the German <i>genug</i>, from the verb <i>genugen</i>, to suffice, to be + enough, to content, to satisfy. The Anglo-Saxon is <i>genog</i>. I + remember the burden of an old song which I frequently heard in my boyish + days:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I know not, I care not,</p> + <p class="i1">I cannot tell how to woo,</p> + <p>But I'll away to the merry green woods,</p> + <p class="i1">And there get nuts <i>enow</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This evidently shows what the pronunciation was when it was + written.</p> + + <p class="author">J. A. H. + + <p><i>Enough</i> is from the same root as the German <i>genug</i>, where + the first <i>g</i> has been lost, and the latter softened and almost lost + in its old English pronunciation, <i>enow</i>. The modern pronunciation + is founded, as that of many other words is, upon an affected style of + speech, ridiculed by Holofernes.<a name="footnotetag4" + href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> The word <i>bread</i>, for example, + is almost universally called <i>bred</i>; but in Chaucer's poetry and + indeed now in Yorkshire, it is pronounced bré-äd, a dissyllable.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>The Euphuists are probably chargeable with this corruption.</p> + +</div> + <p>In Vol. vii., p. 455. there is an inquiry respecting the change in the + pronunciation of the word <i>enough</i>, and quotations are given from + Waller, where the word is used, rhyming with <i>bow</i> and + <i>plough</i>. But though spelt <i>enough</i>, is not the word, in both + places, really <i>enow</i>? and is there not, in fact, a distinction + between the two words? Does not <i>enough</i> always refer to + <i>quantity</i>, and <i>enow</i> to <i>number</i>: the former, to what + may be <i>measured</i>; the latter, to that which may be <i>counted</i>? + In both quotations the word <i>enough</i> refers to <i>numbers</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S. + + <p><i>Feelings of Age</i> (Vol. vii., p. 429.).—A.C. asks if it "is + not the general feeling, that man in advancing years would not like to + begin life again?" I fear not. It is a wisdom above the average of what + men possess that made the good Sir Thomas Browne say:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Though I think no man can live well once, but he that could live + twice, yet for my own part I would not live over my hours past, or begin + again the thread of my dayes: not upon Cicero's ground—because I + have lived them well—but for fear I should live them worse. I find + my growing judgment daily instruct me how to be better, but my untamed + affections and confirmed vitiosity make me daily do worse. I find in my + confirmed age the same sins I discovered in my youth; I committed many + then, because I was a child, and, because I commit them still, I am yet + an infant. Therefore I perceive a man may be twice a child before the + days of dotage, and stand in need of Æson's bath before threescore."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The annotator refers to <i>Cic.</i>, lib. xxiv. ep. 4.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, ut potes, honestissimè. + Viximus: floruimus: non vitium nostrum, sed virtus nostra, nos afflixit. + Peccatum est nullum, nisi quod non unâ animam cum ornamentis + amisimus."—Edit. Orell., vol. iii. part i. p. 335.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>However, it seems probable that Sir Thomas meant that this sentiment + is rather to be gathered from Cicero's writings,—not enunciated in + a single sentence.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p><i>Optical Query</i> (Vol. vii., p. 430.).—In reply to the + optical Query by H. H., I venture to suggest that a stronger gust of wind + than usual might easily occasion the illusion in question, as I myself + have frequently found in looking at the fans on the tops of chimneys. Or + possibly the eyes may have been confused by gazing on the revolving + blades, just as the tongue is frequently influenced in its accentuation + by pronouncing a word of two syllables in rapid articulations.</p> + + <p class="author">F. F. S. + + <p class="address">Oxford. + + <p><i>Cross and Pile</i> (Vol. vii., p.487.).—Here is another + explanation at least as satisfactory as some of the previous ones:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The word <i>coin</i> itself is money struck on the <i>coin</i> or + head of the flattened metal, by which word <i>coin</i> or <i>head</i> is + to be understood the <i>obverse</i>, the only side which in the infancy + of coining bore the stamp. Thence the Latin <i>cuneus</i>, from + <i>cune</i> or <i>kyn</i>, the head.</p> + + <p>"This side was also called <i>pile</i>, in corruption from + <i>poll</i>, a head, not only from the side itself being the <i>coin</i> + or <i>head</i>, but from its being impressed most commonly with some head + in contradistinction to the reverse, which, in latter times, was oftenest + a cross. Thence the vulgarism, <i>cross or pile, poll, + head</i>."—Cleland's <i>Specimen of an Etymological Vocabulary</i>, + p. 157.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Holt White</span>. + +<p><!-- Page 561 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page561"></a>{561}</span></p> + + <p><i>Capital Punishments</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 52. 321.).—The + authorities to which W. L. N. refers not being generally accessible, he + would confer a very great obligation by giving the names and dates of + execution of any of the individuals alluded to by him, who have undergone + capital punishment in this country for exercising the Roman Catholic + religion. Herein, it is almost needless to remark, I exclude such cases + as those of Babington, Ballard, Parsons, Garnett, Campion, Oldcorne, and + others, their fellows, who suffered, as every reader of history knows, + for treasonable practices against the civil and christian policy and + government of the realm.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill</span>. + + <p><i>Thomas Bonnell</i> (Vol. vii., p. 305.).—In what year was + this person, about whose published <i>Life</i> J. S. B. inquires, Mayor + of Norwich? His name, as such, does not occur in the lists of Nobbs, + Blomefield, or Ewing.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill</span>. + + <p><i>Passage in the First Part of Faust</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 501.).—<span class="sc">Mr. W. Fraser</span> will find good + illustrations of the question he has raised in his second suggestion for + the elucidation of this passage in <i>The Abbot</i>, chap. 15. <i>ad + fin.</i> and <i>note</i>.</p> + + <p>A few weeks after giving this reference, in answer to a question by + <span class="sc">Emdee</span> (see "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 262.; Vol. + ii., p. 47.), I sent in English, for I am not a German scholar, as an + additional reply to <span class="sc">Emdee</span>, the very same passage + that <span class="sc">Mr. Fraser</span> has just forwarded, but it was + not inserted, probably because its fitness as an illustration was not + very evident.</p> + + <p>My intention in sending that second reply was to show that, as in + <i>Christabel</i> and <i>The Abbot</i>, the voluntary and + <i>sustained</i> effort required to introduce the evil spirit was of a + physical, so in <i>Faust</i> it was of a mental character; and I confess + that I am much pleased now to find my opinion supported by the accidental + testimony of another correspondent.</p> + + <p>It must, however, be allowed that the peculiar wording of the passage + under consideration may make it difficult, if not impossible, to separate + <i>earnest</i> from the <i>magical</i> form in which Faust's command to + enter his room is given. Göthe's intention, probably, was to combine and + illustrate both.</p> + + <p>As proofs of the belief in the influence of the number <i>three</i> in + incantation, I may refer to Virg. <i>Ecl.</i> viii. 73—78.; to a + passage in Apuleius, which describes the resuscitation of a corpse by + Zachlas, the Egyptian sorcerer;</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Propheta, sic propitiatus, herbulam quampiam ter ob os corporis, et + aliam pectori ejus imponit."—Apul. <i>Metamorph.</i>, lib. ii. + sect. 39. (Regent's Classics);</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and to the rhyming spell that raised the White Lady of Avenel at the + Corrie nan Shian. (See <i>The Monastery</i>, chaps. xi. and xvii.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes</span>. + + <p><i>Sir Josias Bodley</i> (Vol. vii., p. 357.).—Your + correspondent Y. L. will find some account of the family of Bodley in + Prince's <i>Worthies of Devon</i>, edit. 1810, pp. 92-105., and in + Moore's <i>History of Devon</i>, vol. ii. pp. 220-227. See also "N. & + Q.," Vol. iv., pp. 59. 117. 240.</p> + + <p class="author">J. D. S. + + <p><i>Claret</i> (Vol. vii., p. 237.).—The word <i>claret</i> is + evidently derived directly from the French word <i>clairet</i>; which is + used, even at the present day, as a generic name for the "<i>vins + ordinaires</i>," of a light and thin quality, grown in the south of + France. The name is never applied but to red wines; and it is very + doubtful whether it takes its appellation from any place, being always + used adjectively—"<i>vin clairet</i>," not <i>vin</i> de + <i>clairet</i>. I am perhaps not quite correct in stating, that the word + is always used as an adjective; for we sometimes find <i>clairet</i> used + alone as a substantive; but I conceive that in this case the word + <i>vin</i> is to be understood, as we say "du Bordeaux," "du Champagne," + meaning "du vin de Bordeaux," "du vin de Champagne." <i>Eau clairette</i> + is the name given to a sort of cherry-brandy; and lapidaries apply the + name <i>clairette</i> to a precious stone, the colour of which is not so + deep as it ought to be. This latter fact may lead one to suppose that the + wine derived its name from being <i>clearer</i> and lighter in colour + than the more full-bodied vines of the south. The word is constantly + occurring in old drinking-songs. A song of Olivier Basselin, the minstrel + of Vire, begins with these words:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Beau nez, dont les rubis out coûté mainte pipe</p> + <p class="i1">De vin blanc et clairet."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>By the way, this song is the original of one in the musical drama of + <i>Jack Sheppard</i>, which many of the readers of "N. & Q." may + remember, as it became rather popular at the time. It began thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Jolly nose, the bright gems that illumine thy tip,</p> + <p class="i1">Were dug from the mines of Canary."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I am not aware that the plagiarism has been noticed before.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Honoré de Mareville</span>. + + <p class="address">Guernsey. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Now that the season is arriving for the sportsman, angler, yachtsman, + and lover of nature to visit the wild and solitary beauties of <i>Gamle + Norge</i>, nothing could be better timed than the pleasant gossiping + <i>Month in Norway</i>, by J. G. Holloway, which forms this month's issue + of Murray's <i>Railway Library</i>; or the splendidly illustrated + <i>Norway and its Scenery</i>, comprising the <i>Journal of a Tour</i> by + Edward Price, Esq., and a <i>Road Book for Tourists, with Hints to + Anglers and Sportsmen</i>, edited by T. Forster, Esq., which forms the + new number of Bohn's <i>Illustrated Library</i>, and <!-- Page 562 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page562"></a>{562}</span> which is + embellished with a series of admirable views by Mr. Price, from plates + formerly published at a very costly price, but which, in this new form, + are now to be procured for a few shillings.</p> + + <p>As the Americans have been among the most successful photographic + manipulators, we have looked with considerable interest at a work devoted + to the subject which has just been imported from that country, <i>The + History and Practice of the Art of Photography, &c.</i>, by Henry H. + Snelling, <i>Fourth Edition</i>; and though we are bound to admit that it + contains many hints and notes which may render it a useful addition to + the library of the photographer, we still must pronounce it as a work put + together in a loose, unsatisfactory manner, and as being for the most + part a compilation from the best writers in the Old World.</p> + + <p>When Dr. Pauli's <i>Life of Alfred</i> made its appearance it + received, as it deserved, our hearty commendation. We have now to welcome + a translation of it, which has just been published in Bohn's + <i>Antiquarian Library</i>,—<i>The Life of Alfred the Great, + translated from the German of Dr. Pauli; to which is appended Alfred's + Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, with a literal English Translation, and + an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and Glossary by</i> Benjamin Thorpe; and it + speaks favourably for the spread of the love of real learning, that it + should answer the publisher's purpose to put forth such a valuable book + in so cheap and popular a form. Mr. Thorpe's scholarship is too well + known to require recognition at our hands.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.—<i>Remains of Pagan + Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England, by</i> J. Y. Akerman. The + present number contains coloured engravings of the <i>Umbo of Shield and + Weapons found at Driffield</i>, and of a <i>Bronze Patera from a Cemetery + at Wingham, Kent</i>.—<i>Gervinus' Introduction to the History of + the Nineteenth Century</i>. Apparently a carefully executed translation + of Dr. Gervinus' now celebrated brochure issued by Mr. Bohn; who has, in + his <i>Standard Library</i>, given us a new edition of <i>De Lolme on the + Constitution</i>, with notes by J. Macgregor, M.P.; and in his + <i>Classical Library</i> a translation by C. D. Yonge of <i>Diogenes + Laertius' Lives and Opinions of the Ancient Philosophers</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Walker's Latin Particles</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Herbert's Carolina Threnodia</span>. 8vo. 1702.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored</span>. 4to. 1726.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Scott, Remarks on the best Writings of the best + Authors</span> (or some such title).</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sermons by the Rev. Robert Wake</span>, M.A. 1704, + 1712, &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">History of Ancient Wilts</span>, by <span + class="sc">Sir R. C. Hoare</span>. The last three Parts.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rev. A. Dyce's Edition of Dr. Richard Bentley's + Works</span>. Vol. III. Published by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, + Holborn. 1836.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dissertation on Isaiah XVIII., in a Letter to Edward + King, Esq.</span>, by <span class="sc">Samuel Lord Bishop of + Rochester</span> (<span class="sc">Horsley</span>). The Quarto Edition, + printed for Robson. 1779.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ben Jonson's Works</span>. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., + III., IV. Bds.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sir Walter Scott's Novels</span>. 41 Vols. 8vo. The + last nine Vols. Boards.</p> + + <p>* * * <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>* * * Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p><i>We are compelled to postpone until next week many interesting + articles which are in type, and many Replies to Correspondents.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Riley's</span> <i>Reply to the</i> <span + class="sc">Rev. Mr. Graves'</span> <i>notice of</i> Hoveden <i>did not + reach us in time for insertion this week.</i></p> + + <p>I. A. N. (93rd Highlanders.) <i>Several correspondents, as well as + yourself, complain of the difficulty of obtaining amber varnish. There + are several Eastern gums which much resemble amber, as also a substance + known as "Highgate resin." Genuine amber, when rubbed together, emits a + very fragrant odour similar to a fresh lemon, and does not abrade the + surface. The fictitious amber, on the contrary, breaks or becomes rough, + and has a resinous turpentine-like smell. Genuine amber is to be obtained + generally of the tobacconists, who have often broken mouth-pieces by + them: old necklaces, now out of use, are sold at a very moderate price by + the jewellers. The amber of commerce, used in varnish-making, contains so + much impurity that the waste of chloroform renders it very undesirable to + use. The amber should be pounded in a mortar, and, to an ounce by</i> + measure <i>of chloroform, add a drachm and a half of amber (only about + one-fourth of it will be dissolved), and this requires two days' + maceration. It should be filtered through fine blotting-paper. Being so + very fluid, it runs most freely over the collodion, and, when well + prepared and applied, renders the surface so hard, and so much like the + glass, that it is difficult to know on which side of the glass the + positive really is. The varnish is to be obtained properly made at + from</i> 2s. <i>to</i> 2s. 6d. <i>per ounce; and although this appears + dear, it is not so in use, so very small a portion being requisite to + effectually cover a picture; and the effects exceed every other + application with which we are acquainted,—to say nothing of its</i> + instantaneously <i>becoming hard, in itself a most desirable + requisite.</i></p> + + <p>—— (Islington). <i>Your note has been mislaid, but in all + probability the spots in your collodion would be removed by dipping into + the bottle a small piece of iodide of potassium. Collodion made exactly + as described by</i> <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> <i>in</i> "N. + & Q.," <i>entirely answers our expectations, and we prefer it, for + our own use, to any we have ever been able to procure.</i></p> + + <p>J. M. S. (Manchester) <i>shall receive a private communication upon + his Photographic troubles. We must, however, refer him to our advertising + columns for pure chemicals. Ether ought not to exceed</i> 5s. 6d. <i>the + pint of twenty ounces.</i></p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vi., <i>price Three Guineas, may now + be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published,</p> + + <p><b>PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS</b> of the Catalogue of Manuscripts in + Gonville and Caius College Library. Selected by the REV. J. J. SMITH. + Being Facsimiles of Illumination, Text, and Autograph, done in + Lithograph, 4to. size, with Letter-press Description in 8vo., as + Companion to the published Catalogue, price 1<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A few copies may be had of which the colouring of the Plates is more + highly finished. Price 1<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.</p> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">OFFICERS' BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING.</p> + + <p><b>HEAL & SON</b> beg to call the Attention of Gentlemen requiring + Outfits to their large stock of Portable Bedsteads, Bedding, and + Furniture, including Drawers, Washstands, Chairs, Glasses, and every + requisite for Home and Foreign Service.</p> + + <p>HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham + Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &c.</b>—A Lady + residing within an hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most + healthy and cheerful situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge + of a little girl, to share with her only child (about a year and a half + old) her maternal care and affection, together with the strictest + attention to mental training. Terms, including every possible expense + except medical attendance, 100<i>l.</i> per annum. If required, the most + unexceptionable references can be furnished.</p> + + <p>Address to T. B. S., care of MR. BELL, Publisher, 186, Fleet Street. + <!-- Page 563 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page563"></a>{563}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.</b>—ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.</p> + + <p>The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, + to Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four + o'clock, under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long + been connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to + the Institution.</p> + + <p>A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY.</b>—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for + obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty + seconds, according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY.</b>—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide + of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the + first in England who published the application of this agent (see + <i>Athenæum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.) + retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired + for months: it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound + mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and + all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the + Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the + open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best + Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p><b>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS</b> of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW + EDITION. Translated from the French.</p> + + <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S + celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and + other Talbotype Papers.</p> + + <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p> + + <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.</b>—Negative and Positive Papers of + Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make, Waxed-Paper for + Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of + Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.</b>—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum + of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying + with the different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid + during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per + cent. on the Sum Assured.</p> + + <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders + being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the + benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK + OF PARTNERSHIP.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the + next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later + Assurers.</p> + + <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need + be paid for the first five years.</p> + + <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p> + + <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies + are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p> + + <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the + Society's Agents, or of</p> + + <p class="author">GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + + <p class="address"><i>99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,</b> 2. Royal Exchange + Buildings, London.</p> + + <p>Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>Trustees.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds.</p> + <p>The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House.</p> + <p>John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. + the Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with + its security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, + introduced by this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a + deposit bank: Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, + embracing by one policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an + Endowment, and a Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate + Assurances. Bonus recently declared, 20 per Cent.</p> + + <p>EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>SPECTACLES.</b>—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as + a Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's + Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p><b>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES,</b> with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as + exhibited at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these + Eye-pieces are so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly + perpendicular to the surface of the various lenses, by which the + aberration is completely removed; and a telescope so fitted gives + one-third more magnifying power and light than could be obtained by the + old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on application to</p> + + <p>WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH</b>, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. + Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</b></p> + + <p>3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">WINSLOW HALL, BUCKS.</p> + + <p><b>DR. LOVELL'S SCHOLASTIC ESTABLISHMENT</b> (exclusively for the Sons + of Gentlemen) was founded at Mannheim in 1836, under the Patronage of + H. R. H. the GRANDE DUCHESSE STEPHANIE of Baden, and removed to Winslow + in 1848. The Course of Tuition includes the French and German Languages, + and all other Studies which are Preparatory to the Universities, the + Military Colleges, and the Army Examination. The number of Pupils is + limited to Thirty. The Principal is always in the Schoolroom, and + superintends the Classes. There are also French, German, and English + resident Masters. Prospectus and References can be had on application to + the Principal. <!-- Page 564 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page564"></a>{564}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.</p> + + <p><b>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</b></p> + + <p>(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)</p> + + <p>Of Saturday, May 28, contains Articles on</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Agriculture, history of</p> + <p>Agricultural machinery, by Mr. Mechi</p> + <p>—— statistics, by Mr. Watson</p> + <p>Birds, names of, by Mr. Holt</p> + <p>Bottles, preserve, by Mr. Cuthill</p> + <p>Calendar, horticultural</p> + <p>——, agricultural</p> + <p>Chemical work nuisance</p> + <p>Dahlia, the, by Mr. M<sup>c</sup>Donald</p> + <p>Draining swamps, by Mr. Dumolo</p> + <p>Drill seeding, advantages of</p> + <p>Dropmore Gardens</p> + <p>Exhibition of 1851, estate purchased by commissioners of (with engraving)</p> + <p>Frost, plants injured by, by Mr. Whiting</p> + <p>Gardening, kitchen</p> + <p>Grapes, colouring of</p> + <p>Heating, gas, (with engraving)</p> + <p>Land, transfer of</p> + <p>Law relating to land</p> + <p>—— of leases, by Dr. Mackenzie</p> + <p>—— of fixtures, French</p> + <p>Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Society's Journal, rev.</p> + <p>Machinery, agricultural, by Mr. Mechi</p> + <p>Mangold wurzel, by Mr. Watson</p> + <p>Musa Cavendishi</p> + <p>Pipes, to coat, by Dr. Angus Smith</p> + <p>Potatoes, curl in</p> + <p>Potato disease</p> + <p>Preserves, bottles for, by Mr. Cuthill</p> + <p>Rhubarb wine, by Mr. Cuthill</p> + <p>Root, crops on clay, by Mr. Wortley</p> + <p>Royal Botanic Society, report of exhibition</p> + <p>Seeding, advantages of drill</p> + <p>Siphocampylus betulifolius</p> + <p>Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, Linnean, National Floricultural, Agricultural of England</p> + <p>Sparkenhoe Farmers' Club</p> + <p>Statistics, agricultural, by Mr. Watson</p> + <p>Swamps, to drain, by Mr. Dumolo</p> + <p>Tulips, Groom's</p> + <p>Vegetables, culture of</p> + <p>Water-pipe coating, by Dr. Angus Smith</p> + <p>Winter, effects of, by Mr. Whiting</p> + <p>Woods, management of</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + + <p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, + Bark, Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a + condensed account of all the transactions of the week</i>.</p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, Part III. of</p> + + <p><b>LILLY'S CATALOGUE,</b> containing a most extraordinary COLLECTION + of RARE and CURIOUS BLACK-LETTER ENGLISH BOOKS, printed in the Fifteenth + Century, particularly rich in Theology and Works relating to + Controversial Theology, and Historical Books, relating to the Reign of + Queen Elizabeth and James I. on the Jesuits, Seminary Priests, Roman + Catholics, Mary Queen of Scots, Martin Mar-Prelate Tracts, &c. + &c., during this eventful period. Also, a COLLECTION of HISTORICAL + and ANTIQUARIAN BOOKS, in ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHY, HERALDRY, HISTORY, + ANTIQUITIES, &c. &c., in very fine state, in fine old Russia and + calf gilt bindings; besides a Selection of Rare and Curious Books in + English and Miscellaneous Literature, on sale, at the very moderate + prices affixed, by J. LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + + <p>The Catalogue will be forwarded to any Gentleman on the receipt of two + postage stamps; or the whole of Lilly's Catalogues for 1853 on the + receipt of twelve postage stamps.</p> + + <p>*** J. LILLY would most respectfully beg the attention of Collectors + and Literary Gentlemen to the above Catalogue.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED THIS DAY.</p> + + <p><b>BRITANNIC RESEARCHES</b>; or, New Facts and Rectifications of + Ancient British History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. 8vo., pp. 448, + with Engravings, 15<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIALISMS</b> in Use in the County of SUSSEX. By + W. DURRANT COPPER, F.A.S. 12mo., 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>A FEW NOTES on SHAKSPEARE</b>; with occasional Remarks on the + Emendations of the Manuscript-Corrector in Mr. Collier's Copy of the + Folio, 1632. By the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo., 5<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>WILTSHIRE TALES</b>, illustrative of the Dialect and Manners of the + Rustic Population of that County. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Esq. 12mo., + 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p><b>REMAINS of PAGAN SAXONDOM</b>, principally from Tumuli in England, + described and illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, Secretary of the Society of + Antiquaries. Parts I. to V., 4to., 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p> + + <p>*** The Plates are admirably executed by Mr. Basire, and coloured + under the direction of the Author. It is a work well worthy the notice of + the Archæologist.</p> + + <p><b>THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW</b>; consisting of Criticisms upon, + Analyses of, and Extracts from Curious, Useful, and Valuable Old Books. + 8vo. Nos. 1, 2, and 3, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each. (No. 4., August + 1.)</p> + + <p>J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF<br /> +<b>FEMALE MUSICIANS,</b><br /> +<i>Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members.</i></p> + + <p><i>Patroness</i>: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. + <i>Vice-Patronesses</i>: Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her + Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge.</p> + + <p>On FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1853, at the HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS, will be + performed, for the Benefit of this Institution, A GRAND CONCERT of Vocal + and Instrumental Music.</p> + + <p><i>Vocal Performers</i>—Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss + Helen Taylor, Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame F. Lablache and + Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. Benson, and Signor F. Lablache. + Herr Pischek and Herr Staudigl.</p> + + <p>In the Course of the Concert, Madlle. Clauss will play one of her + celebrated Pianoforte Pieces. The Members of the Harp Union, Mr. T. H. + Wright, Herr Oberthür, and Mr. H. J. Trust, will perform the GRAND + NATIONAL FANTASIA for THREE HARPS, composed by Oberthür, as lately played + at Buckingham Palace, by command of Her Majesty.</p> + + <p>THE BAND will be complete in every Department.—<i>Leader</i>, + Mr. H. Blagrove. <i>Conductor</i>, Mr. W. Sterndale Bennett.</p> + + <p>The Doors will open at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at + Eight precisely.</p> + + <p>Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An + Honorary Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One + Payment (which shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled + to Two Tickets of Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit + Concert given by the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will be + thankfully received, and Tickets delivered, by the Secretary,</p> + + <p>MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the + Principal Music-sellers.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE</b> for JUNE contains the following + articles:—1. The Daughters of Charles I. 2. The Exiled Royal Family + of England at Rome in 1736. 3. The Philopseudes of Lucian. 4. History of + the Lead Hills and Gold Regions of Scotland. 5. Survey of Hedingham + Castle in 1592 (with two Plates). 6. Layard's Discoveries in Nineveh and + Babylon (with Engravings). 7. Californian and Australian Gold. 8. + Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Establishment of the Cloth Manufacture + in England by Edward III.—St. James's Park.—The Meaning of + "Romeland."—The Queen's and Prince's Wardrobes in London.—The + Culture of Beet-root.—With Notes of the Month, Reviews of New + Publications, Historical Chronicle, and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>, + including Memoirs of Rear-Adm. Sir T. Fellowes, General Sir T. G. + Montresor, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Walter Gilbert, the Dean of Peterborough, + Professor Scholefield, James Roche, Esq., George Palmer, Esq., Andrew + Lawson, Esq., W. F. Lloyd, Esq., &c. &c. Price 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>MR. PARKER'S NEW MAGAZINE.</p> + + <p><b>THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.—No. II. JUNE.</b></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents</span>.</p> + <p>1. Public Picture Galleries.</p> + <p>2. Poems by Alexander Smith.</p> + <p>3. The Pawnbroker's Window.</p> + <p>4. Notes and Emendations of Shakspeare.</p> + <p>5. The Præraphaelites.</p> + <p>6. Social Life in Paris—<i>continued</i>.</p> + <p>7. The Rappists.</p> + <p>8. Colchester Castle.</p> + <p>9. Cabs and Cabmen.</p> + <p>10. The Lay of the Hero.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Price One Shilling.</i></p> + + <p>London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p><b>NEUROTONICS</b>, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull Newspaper, + June 5, 1852.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,</p> + + <p><b>RESPECTFULLY</b> informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, + that he replies immediately to all applications by letter, for + information respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, + COMMUNION LINEN, &c., &c., supplying full information as to + Prices, together with Sketches, Estimates, Patterns of Materials, + &c., &c.</p> + + <p>Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct + communications by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory + arrangement. PARCELS delivered Free by Railway.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>RECORD AND LITERARY AGENCY.</b>—The advertiser, who has had + considerable experience in topography and genealogy, begs to offer his + services to those gentlemen wishing to collect information from the + Public Record Offices, in any branch of literature, history, genealogy, + or the like, but who, from an imperfect acquaintance with the documents + preserved in those depositories, are unable to prosecute their inquiries + with satisfaction. Address by letter, prepaid, to W. H. HART, New Cross, + Hatcham, Surrey.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, June 4, + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20322-h.htm or 20322-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/2/20322/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 9, 2007 [EBook #20322] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{541} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 188.] +Saturday, June 4, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Corrections adopted by Pope from the Dunces, by James + Crossley 541 + + Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. + W. R. Arrowsmith 542 + + Devonianisms 544 + + The Poems of Rowley, by Henry H. Breen 544 + + FOLK LORE:--Legend of Llangefelach Tower--Wedding + Divination 545 + + Shakspeare Correspondence:--Shakspearian Drawings + --Thomas Shakspeare--Passage in Macbeth, Act I. + Sc. 5.--"Discourse of Reason" 545 + + MINOR NOTES:--The MSS. of Gervase Hollis--Anagrams + --Family Caul--Numerous Progeny 546 + + QUERIES:-- + + Smith, Young, and Scrymgeour MSS. 547 + + Mormon Publications, by W. Sparrow Simpson 548 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Dimidiation--Early Christian + Mothers--The Lion at Northumberland House--The + Cross in Mexico and Alexandria--Passage in St. James + --"The Temple of Truth"--Santa Claus--Donnybrook + Fair--Saffron, when brought into England-- + Isping Geil--Humbug--Franklyn Household Book-- + James Thomson's Will--"Country Parson's Advice + to his Parishioners"--Shakspeare: Blackstone 548 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Turkey Cocks-- + Bishop St. John--Ferdinand Mendez Pinto--Satin-- + Carrier Pigeons 550 + + REPLIES:-- + + "Pylades and Corinna:" Psalmanazar and Defoe, by + James Crossley 551 + + Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh 552 + + Seal of William d'Albini, by E. G. Ballard, &c. 552 + + "Will" and "Shall," by William Bates, &c. 553 + + Inscriptions in Books, by Honore de Mareville, &c. 554 + + Bacon's "Advancement of Learning," by Thomas + Markby 554 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Test for a good + Lens--Photography and the Microscope--Cement for + Glass Baths--Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing 555 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel + --Lawyers' Bags--"Nine Tailors make a man" + --"Time and I"--Carr Pedigree--Campvere, Privileges + of--Haulf-naked--Old Picture of the Spanish + Armada--Parochial Libraries--How to stain Deal-- + Roger Outlawe--Tennyson--Old Fogie--Errata corrigenda + --Anecdote of Dutens--Gloves at Fairs-- + Arms: Battle-axe--Enough--Feelings of Age--Optical + Query--Cross and Pile, &c. 557 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 561 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 562 + + Notices to Correspondents 562 + + Advertisements 562 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +CORRECTIONS ADOPTED BY POPE FROM THE DUNCES. + +In Pope's "Letter to the Honourable James Craggs," dated June 15, 1711, +after making some observations on Dennis's remarks on the _Essay on +Criticism_, he says-- + + "Yet, to give this man his due, he has objected to one or two lines + with reason; and I will alter them in case of another edition: I will + make my enemy do me a kindness where he meant an injury, and so serve + instead of a friend." + +An interesting paper might be drawn up from the instances, for they are +rather numerous, in which Pope followed out this very sensible rule. I do +not remember seeing the following one noted. One of the heroes of the +_Dunciad_, Thomas Cooke, the translator of Hesiod, was the editor of a +periodical published in monthly numbers, in 8vo., of which nine only +appeared, under the title of _The Comedian, or Philosophical Inquirer_, the +first number being for April, and the last for December, 1732. It contains +some curious matter, and amongst other papers is, in No. 2., "A Letter in +Prose to Mr. Alexander Pope, occasioned by his Epistle in Verse to the Earl +of Burlington." It is very abusive, and was most probably written either by +Cooke or Theobald. After quoting the following lines as they then stood: + + "He buys for Topham drawings and designs, + For Fountain statues, and for Curio coins, + Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone, + And books for Mead, and rarities for Sloane," + +the letter-writer thus unceremoniously addresses himself to the author: + + "Rarities! how could'st thou be so silly as not to be particular in the + rarities of Sloane, as in those of the other five persons? What + knowledge, what meaning is conveyed in the word _rarities_? Are not + some drawings, some statues, some coins, all monkish manuscripts, and + some books, _rarities_? Could'st thou not find a trisyllable to express + some parts of nature for a collection of which that learned and worthy + physician is eminent? Fy, fy! correct and write-- + + 'Rare monkish manuscripts for Hearne alone, + And books for Mead, and butterflies for Sloane.' + + {542} + + "Sir Hans Sloane is known to have the finest collection of butterflies + in England, and perhaps in the world; and if rare monkish manuscripts + are for Hearne only, how can rarities be for Sloane, unless thou + specifyest what sort of rarities? O thou numskull!"--No. 2., pp. + 15--16. + +The correction was evidently an improvement, and therefore Pope wisely +accepted the benefit, and was the channel through which it was conveyed; +and the passage accordingly now stands as altered by the letter-writer. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS. + +(_Continued from_ p. 522.) + +_Dare_, to lurk, or cause to lurk; used both transitively and +intransitively. Apparently the root of _dark_ and _dearn_. + + "Here, quod he, it ought ynough suffice, + Five houres for to slepe upon a night: + But it were for an olde appalled wight, + As ben thise wedded men, that lie and _dare_, + As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare." + +Tyrwhitt's utterly unwarranted adoption of Speght's interpretation is +"_Dare_, v. Sax. to stare." The reader should always be cautious how he +takes upon trust a glossarist's sly fetch to win a cheap repute for +learning, and over-ride inquiry by the mysterious letters Sax. or Ang.-Sax. +tacked on to his exposition of an obscure word. There is no such Saxon +vocable as _dare_, to stare. Again, what more frequent blunder than to +confound a secondary and derivative sense of a word with its radical and +primary--indeed, sometimes to allow the former to usurp the precedence, and +at length altogether oust the latter: hence it comes to pass, that we find +_dare_ is one while said to imply peeping and prying, another while +trembling or crouching; moods and actions merely consequent or attendant +upon the elementary signification of the word: + + "I haue an hoby can make larkys to _dare_." + Skelton's _Magnifycence_, vol. i. p.269. l. 1358., Dyce's edition; + +on which line that able, but therein mistaken editor's note is, "_to dare_, +i. e. to be terrified, to tremble" (he however also adds, it means to lurk, +to lie hid, and remits his reader to a note at p. 379., where some most +pertinent examples of its true and only sense are given), to which add +these next: + + " . . let his grace go forward, + And _dare_ vs with his cap, like larkes." + First Fol., _Henry VIII._, Act III, Sc. 2. + + "Thay questun, thay quellun, + By frythun by fellun, + The dere in the dellun, + Thay droupun and _daren_". + _The Anturs of Arthur at the Tarnewathelan_, + St. IV. p. 3. Camden Society's Publications. + + "She sprinkled vs with bitter juice of vncouth herbs, and strake + The awke end of hir charmed rod vpon our heades, and spake + Words to the former contrarie. The more she charm'd, the more + Arose we vpward from the ground on which we _darde_ before." + The XIIII. Booke of Ouid's _Metamorphosis_, + p. 179. Arthur Golding's translation: London, 1587. + + "Sothely it _dareth_ hem weillynge this thing; that heuenes weren + before," &c. + +And again, a little further on: + + "Forsothe yee moste dere, one thing _dare_ you nougt (or be not + unknowen): for one day anentis God as a thousande yeeris, and a + thousande yeer as one day."--_C^m 3^m Petre 2._, Wycliffe's + translation: + +in the Latin Vulgate, _latet_ and _lateat_ respectively; in the original, +[Greek: lanthanei] and [Greek: lanthaneto]. Now the book is before me, I +beg to furnish MR. COLLIER with the references to his usage of _terre_, +mentioned in Todd's _Dictionary_, but not given (Collier's _Shakspeare_, +vol. iv. p. 65., note), namely, 6th cap. of Epistle to Ephesians, _prop. +init._; and 3rd of that to Colossians, _prop. fin._ + + * * * * * + + +_Die and live._--This _hysteron proteron_ is by no means uncommon: its +meaning is, of course, the same as live and die, _i. e._ subsist from the +cradle to the grave: + + " . . . Will you sterner be. + Than he that _dies and lives_ by bloody drops?" + First Fol., _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5. + +All manner of whimsical and farfetched constructions have been put by the +commentators upon this very homely sentence. As long as the question was, +whether their wits should have licence to go a-woolgathering or no, one +could feel no great concern to interfere: but it appears high time to come +to Shakspeare's rescue, when MR. COLLIER'S "clever" old commentator, with +some little variation in the letters, and not much less in the sense, reads +"kills" for dies; but then, in the _Merry Wives of Windsor_, Act II. Sc. +3., the same "clever" authority changes "cride-game (cride I ame), said I +well?" into "curds and cream, said I well?"--an alteration certainly not at +odds with the host's ensuing question, "said I well?" saving that that, to +liquorish palate, might seem a rather superfluous inquiry. + + "With sorrow they both _die and live_ + That unto richesse her hertes yeve." + _The Romaunt of the Rose_, v. 5789-90. + + "He is a foole, and so shall he _dye and liue_, + That thinketh him wise, and yet can he nothing." + _The Ship of Fooles_, fol. 67., by Alexander Barclay, 1570. + +{543} + + "Behold how ready we are, how willingly the women of Sparta will _die + and live_ with their husbands."--_The Pilgrimage of Kings and Princes_, + p. 29. + +Except in Shakspeare's behalf, it would not have been worth while to +exemplify so unambiguous a phrase. The like remark may also be extended to +the next word that falls under consideration. + + * * * * * + +_Kindly_, in accordance with kind, viz. nature. Thus, the love of a parent +for a child, or the converse, is kindly: one without natural affection +([Greek: astorgos]) is unkind, kindless, as in-- + + "Remorselesse, treacherous, letcherous, _kindles_ villaine." + _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2. + +Thence _kindly_ expanded into its wider meaning of general benevolence. So +under another phase of its primary sense we find the epithet used to +express the excellence and characteristic qualities proper to the idea or +standard of its subject, to wit, genuine, thrifty, well-liking, +appropriate, not abortive, monstrous, prodigious, discordant. In the +Litany, "the _kindly_ fruits of the earth" is, in the Latin versions +"genuinus," and by Mr. Boyer rightly translated "les fruits de la terre +chaqu'un selon son espece;" for which Pegge takes him to task, and +interprets _kindly_ "fair and good," through mistake or preference adopting +the acquired and popular, in lieu of the radical and elementary meaning of +the word. (_Anonymiana_, pp. 380--1. Century VIII. No. LXXXI.) The +conjunction of this adjective with _gird_ in a passage of _King Henry VI_. +has sorely gravelled MR. COLLIER: twice over he essays, with equal success, +to expound its purport. First, _loc. cit._, he finds fault with _gird_ as +being employed in rather an unusual manner; or, if taken in its common +meaning of taunt or reproof, then that _kindly_ is said ironically; because +there seems to be a contradiction in terms. (Monck Mason's rank distortion +of the words, there cited, I will not pain the reader's sight with.) MR. +COLLIER'S note concludes with a supposition that _gird_ may possibly be a +misprint. This is the misery! Men will sooner suspect the text than their +own understanding or researches. In Act I. Sc. 1. of _Coriolanus_, +dissatisfied with his previous note, MR. COLLIER tries again, and thinks a +_kindly gird_ may mean a gentle reproof. That the reader may be able to +judge what it does mean, it will be necessary to quote the king's _gird_, +who thus administers a kindly rebuke to the malicious preacher against the +sin of malice, _i.e._ chastens him with his own rod: + + "_King._ Fie, uncle Beauford, I have heard you preach, + That mallice was a great and grievous sinne: + And will not you maintaine the thing you teache, + But prove a chief offender in the same? + + _Warn._ Sweet king: the bishop hath a _kindly gyrd_." + First Part of _King Henry VI._, Act III. Sc. 1. 1st Fol. + +A _gird_, akin to, in keeping with, fitting, proper to the cardinal's +calling; an evangelical _gird_ for an evangelical man: what more _kindly_? +_Kindly_, connatural, homogeneous. But now for a bushel of examples, some +of which will surely avail to insense the reader in the purport of this +epithet, if my explanation does not: + + "God in the congregation of the gods, what more proper and + _kindly_"?--Andrewes' Sermons, vol. v. p. 212. _Lib. Ang.-Cath. Theol._ + + "And that (pride) seems somewhat _kindly_ too, and to agree with this + disease (the plague). That pride which swells itself should end in a + tumour or swelling, as, for the most part, this disease doth."--_Id._, + p. 228. + + "And so, you are found; and they, as the children of perdition should + be, are lost. Here are you: and where are they? Gone to their own + place, to Judas their brother. And, as is most _kindly_, the sons to + the father of wickedness; there to be plagued with him for + ever."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. 98. + + "For whatsoever, as the Son of God, He may do, it is _kindly_ for Him, + as the Son of Man, to save the sons of men."--_Id._, p. 253. + + "There cannot be a more _kindly_ consequence than this, our not failing + from their not failing: we do not, because they do not."--_Id._, p. + 273. + + "And here falls in _kindly_ this day's design, and the visible 'per + me,' that happened on it."--_Id._, p. 289. + + "And having then made them, it is _kindly_ that viscera misericordiae + should be over those opera that came de visceribus."--_Id._, p. 327. + + "The children came to the birth, and the right and _kindly_ copulative + were; to the birth they came, and born they were: in a kind consequence + who would look for other?"--_Id._, p. 348. + + "For usque adeo proprium est operari Spiritui, ut nisi operetur, nec + sit. So _kindly_ (proprium) it is for the spirit to be working as if It + work not, It is not."--_Id._, vol. iii. p. 194. + + "And when he had overtaken, for those two are but presupposed, the more + _kindly_ to bring in [Greek: epelabeto], when, I say, He had overtaken + them, cometh in fitly and properly [Greek: epilambanetai]."--_Id._, + vol. i. p. 7. + + "No time so _kindly_ to preach de Filio hodie genito as hodie."--_Id._, + p. 285. + + "A day whereon, as it is most _kindly_ preached, so it will be most + _kindly_ practised of all others."--_Id._, p. 301. + + "Respice et plange: first, 'Look and lament' or mourn; which is indeed + the most _kindly_ and natural effect of such a spectacle."--_Id._, vol. + ii. p. 130. + + "Devotion is the most proper and most _kindly_ work of + holiness."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. 377. + +Perhaps the following will be thought so apposite, that I may be spared the +labour, and the reader the tedium of perusing a thousand other examples +that might be cited: + + And there is nothing more _kindly_ than for them that will be touching, + to be touched themselves, and to {544} be touched home, in the same + _kind_ themselves thought to have touched others."--_Id._, vol. iv. p. + 71.[1] + +W. R. ARROWSMITH. + +(_To be continued._) + +[Footnote 1: _Kindly_ is quite a pet word with Andrewes, as, besides the +passages quoted, he employs it in nearly the same sense in vol. iii., at +pp. 18. 34. 102. 161. 189. 262. 308. 372. 393. 397.; in vol. i., at pp. +100. 125. 151. 194. 214.; in vol. ii. at pp. 53. 157. 307. 313. 338. The +same immortal quibbler is also very fond of the word _item_, using it, as +our cousins across the Atlantic and we in Herefordshire do at the present +day, for "a hint."] + + * * * * * + + +DEVONIANISMS. + +_Miserable._--_Miserable_ is very commonly used in Devonshire in the +signification of _miserly_, with strange effect until one becomes used to +it. Hooker the Judicious, a Devonshire man, uses the word in this sense in +the _Eccl. Polity_, book v. ch. lxv. p. 21.: + + "By means whereof it cometh also to pass that the mean which is virtue + seemeth in the eyes of each extreme an extremity; the liberal-hearted + man is by the opinion of the prodigal _miserable_, and by the judgment + of the _miserable_ lavish." + +_Few._--Speaking of broth, people in Devon say a _few broth_ in place of a +little, or some broth. I find a similar use of the word in a sermon +preached in 1550, by Thomas Lever, Fellow of St. John's College, preserved +by Strype (in his _Eccles. Mem._, ii. 422.). Speaking of the poor students +of Cambridge, he says: + + "At ten of the clock they go to dinner, whereas they be content with a + penny piece of beef among four, having a _few pottage_ made of the + broth of the same beef, with salt and oatmeal, and nothing else." + +_Figs, Figgy._--Most commonly _raisins_ are called _figs_, and plum-pudding +_figgy_ pudding. So with plum-cake, as in the following rhymes:-- + + "Rain, rain, go to Spain, + Never come again: + When I brew and when I bake, + I'll give you a _figgy_ cake." + +_Against_ is used like the classical _adversum_, in the sense of _towards_ +or _meeting_. I have heard, both in Devonshire and in Ireland, the +expression to send _against_, that is, to send _to meet_, a person, &c. + +The foregoing words and expressions are probably provincialisms rather than +Devonianisms, good old English forms of expression; as are, indeed, many of +the so-called Hibernicisms. + +_Pilm, Farroll._--What is the derivation of _pilm_=dust, so frequently +heard in Devon, and its derivatives, _pilmy_, dusty: it _pilmeth_? The +cover of a book is there called the _farroll_; what is the derivation of +this word? + +J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + + * * * * * + + +THE POEMS OF ROWLEY. + +The tests propounded by MR. KEIGHTLEY (Vol. vii. p. 160.) with reference to +the authenticity of the poems of Rowley, namely the use of "its," and the +absence of the feminine rhyme in _e_, furnish additional proof, if any were +wanting, that Chatterton was the author of those extraordinary productions. +Another test often insisted upon is the occurrence, in those poems, of +borrowed thoughts--borrowed from poets of a date posterior to that of their +pretended origin. Of this there is one instance which seems to have escaped +the notice of Chatterton's numerous annotators. It occurs at the +commencement of _The Tournament_, in the line,-- + + "The _worlde_ bie _diffraunce_ ys ynn _orderr_ founde." + +It will be seen that this line, a very remarkable one, has been cleverly +condensed from the following passage in Pope's _Windsor Forest_:-- + + "But as the _world_, harmoniously confused, + Where _order_ in variety we see; + And where, tho' all things _differ_, all agree." + +This sentiment has been repeated by other modern writers. Pope himself has +it in the _Essay on Man_, in this form,-- + + "The lights and shades, whose well-accorded strife + Gives all the strength and colour of our life." + +It occurs in one of Pascal's _Pensees_: + + "J'ecrirai ici mes pensees sans ordre, et non pas peut-etre dans une + confusion sans dessein: C'est le veritable ordre, et qui marquera + toujours mon objet par le desordre meme." + +Butler has it in the line,-- + + "For discords make the sweetest airs." + +Bernardin de St. Pierre, in his _Etudes de la Nature_: + + "C'est des contraires que resulte l'harmonie du monde." + +And Burke, in nearly the same words, in his _Reflections on the French +Revolution_: + + "You had that action and counteraction, which, in the natural and in + the political world, from the reciprocal struggle of discordant powers, + draws out the harmony of the universe." + +Nor does the sentiment belong exclusively to the moderns. I find it in +Horace's twelfth Epistle: + + "Nil parvum sapias, et adhuc sublimia cures, + . . . . . . + Quid velit et possit rerum concordia discors." + +{545} + +Lucan, I think, has the same expression in his _Pharsalia_; and it forms +the basis of Longinus's remark on the eloquence of Demosthenes: + + [Greek: "Oukoun ten men phusin ton epanaphoron kai asundeton pantei + phulattei tei sunechei metabolei? houtos autoi kai he taxis atakton, + kai empalin he ataxia poian perilambanei taxin."] + +It may be said that, as Pope adopted the thought from Horace or Lucan, so a +poet of the fifteenth century (such as the supposed Rowley) might have +taken it from the same sources. But a comparison of the line in _The +Tournament_ with those in _Windsor Forest_ will show that the borrowing +embraces not only the thought, but the very words in which it is expressed. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Legend of Llangefelach Tower._--A different version of the legend also +exists in the neighbourhood, viz. that the day's work on the tower being +pulled down each night by the old gentleman, who was apparently +apprehensive that the sound of the bells might keep away all evil spirits, +a saint, of now forgotten name, told the people that if they would stand at +the church door, and throw a stone, they would succeed in building the +tower on the "spot where it fell," which accordingly came to pass. + +CERIDWEN. + +_Wedding Divination._--Being lately present on the occasion of a wedding at +a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, I was witness to the following +custom, which seems to take rank as a genuine scrap of folk-lore. On the +bride alighting from her carriage at her father's door, a plate covered +with morsels of bride's cake was flung from a window of the second story +upon the heads of the crowd congregated in the street below; and the +divination, I was told, consists in observing the fate which attends its +downfall. If it reach the ground in safety, without being broken, the omen +is a most _un_favourable one. If on the other hand, the plate be shattered +to pieces (and the more the better), the auspices are looked upon as most +happy. + +OXONIENSIS. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Shakspearian Drawings._--I have very recently become possessed of some +curious drawings by Hollar; those relating to Shakspeare very interesting, +evidently done for one Captain John Eyre, who could himself handle the +pencil well. + +The inscription under one is as follows, in the writing of the said J. +Eyre: + + "Ye house in ye Clink Streete, Southwarke, now belonging to Master + Ralph Hansome, and in ye which Master Shakspeare lodged in ye while he + writed and played at ye Globe, and untill ye yeare 1600 it was at the + time ye house of Grace Loveday. Will had ye two Rooms over against ye + Doorway, as I will possibly show." + +Size of the drawing, 12 x 7, "W. Hollar delin., 1643." It is an exterior +view, beautifully executed, showing very prominently the house and a +continuation of houses, forming one side of the street. + +The second has the following inscription in the same hand: + + "Ye portraiture of ye rooms in ye which Master Will Shakspeare lodged + in Clink Streete, and which is told to us to be in ye same state as + when left by himself, as stated over ye door in ye room, and on the + walls were many printed verses, also a portraiture of Ben Jonson with a + ruff on a pannel." + +Size of the drawing 11-5/8 x 6-7/8, "W. Hollar delin., 1643:" shows the +interior of three sides, and the floor and ceiling, with the tables, +chairs, and reading-desk; an open door shows the interior of his +sleeping-room, being over the entrance door porch. + +The third-- + + "Ye Globe, as to be seen before ye Fire in ye year 1615, when this + place was burnt down. This old building," &c. + +Here follows a long interesting description. It is an exterior view; size +of drawing 71/4 wide x 9-7/8 high, "W. H. 1640." + +The fourth shows the stage, on which are two actors: this drawing, 7-7/8 x +61/2, was done by J. Eyre, 1629, and on which he gives a curious description +of his accompanying Prince Charles, &c.; at this time he belonged to the +Court, as he also accompanied that prince to Spain. + +The fifth, done by the same hand in a _most masterly manner_, pen and ink +portrait of Shakspeare, copied, as he writes, from a portrait belonging to +the Earl of Essex, with interesting manuscript notice. + +The sixth, done also by J. Eyre: + + "Ye portraiture of one Master Ben Jonson, as on ye walls of Master Will + Shakspeare's rooms in Clinke Streete, Southwarke."--J. E. 1643. + +The first three, in justice to Hollar, independent of the admirers of the +immortal bard and lovers of antiquities, should be engraved as "Facsimiles +of the Drawings." This shall be done on my receiving the names of sixty +subscribers, the amount of subscription one guinea, for which each +subscriber will receive three engravings, to be paid for when delivered. + +P. T. + +P. S.--These curious drawings may be seen at No. 1. Osnaburgh Place, New +Road. + +_Thomas Shakspeare._--From a close examination of the documents referred to +(as bearing the signature of Thomas Shakspeare) in my last {546} +communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 405.), and from the _nature_ of +the _transaction_ to which they relate, _my impression_ is, that he was by +profession a money scrivener in the town of Lutterworth; a circumstance +which may possibly tend to the discovery of his family connexion (if any +existed) with William Shakspeare. + +CHARLECOTE. + +_Passage in Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5._-- + + " . . . Come, thick night, + And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, + That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, + Nor heaven peep through the _blanket_ of the dark, + To cry, Hold, hold!" + +In MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S _Notes and Emendations_, p. 407., we are informed +that the old corrector substitutes _blankness_ for _blanket_. The change is +to me so exceedingly bad, even if made on some sort of authority (as an +extinct 4to.), that I should have let it be its own executioner, had not +MR. COLLIER apparently given in his adhesion to it. I now beg to offer a +few obvious reasons why _blanket_ is unquestionably Shakspeare's word. + +In the _Rape of Lucrece_, Stanza CXV., we have a passage very nearly +parallel with that in _Macbeth_: + + "O night, thou furnace of foul reeking smoke, + Let not the jealous day behold thy face, + Which underneath thy _black all-hiding cloak_, + Immodestly lies martyr'd with disgrace." + +In _Lucrece_, the _cloak_ of night is invoked to screen a deed of adultery; +in _Macbeth_ the _blanket_ of night is invoked to hide a murder: but the +foul, reeking, smoky cloak of night, in the passage just quoted, is clearly +parallel with the smoky blanket of night in _Macbeth_. The complete imagery +of both passages has been happily caught by Carlyle (_Sartor Resartus_, +1841, p. 23.), who, in describing night, makes Teufelsdroeckh say: + + "Oh, under that _hideous coverlet of vapours, and putrefactions, and + unimaginable gases_, what a fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid!" + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_"Discourse of Reason"_ (Vol. vii., p. 497.).--This phrase, "generally +supposed to be peculiarly Shakspearian," which A. E. B. has indicated in +his quotation from Philemon Holland, occurs also in Dr. T. Bright's +_Treatise of Melancholy_, the date of which is 1586. In the third page of +the dedicatory epistle there is this sentence: + + "Such as are of quicke conceit, and delighted in _discourse of reason_ + in naturall things." + +Here, then, is another authority against Gifford's proposed "emendation" of +the expression as it occurs in _Hamlet_. + +M. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The MSS. of Gervase Hollis._--These were taken during the reign of Charles +I., and continue down to the middle of Charles II. In Harl. MSS. 6829, will +be found a most curious and valuable volume, containing the painted glass, +arms, monuments, brasses, and epitaphs in the various churches and chapels, +&c. throughout the county of Lincoln. The arms are all drawn in the margin +in colours. Being taken before the civil war, they contain all those which +were destroyed or defaced by the Parliament army. They were all copied by +Gough, which he notices in his _Brit. Top._, vol. i. p. 519., but not +printed. + +His genealogical collections are contained in a series of volumes marked +with the letters of the alphabet, and comprehended in the Lansdowne +Catalogue under No. 207. The Catalogue is very minute, and the contents of +the several volumes very miscellaneous; and some of the genealogical notes +are simply short memoranda, which, in order to be made available, must be +wrought out from other sources. They all relate more or less to the county +of Lincoln. One of these, called "Trusbut," was presented to the British +Museum by Sir Joseph Banks in 1817, and will be found in Add. MSS. 6118. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +_Anagrams._--The publication of two anagrams in your Number for May 7, +calls to my mind a few that were made some years ago by myself and some +friends, as an experiment upon the anagrammatic resources of words and +phrases. A subject was chosen, and each one of the party made an anagram, +good, bad, or indifferent, out of the component letters. The following may +serve as a specimen of the best of the budget that we made. + + 1. French Revolution. + Violence, run forth! + + 2. Swedish Nightingale. + Sing high! sweet Linda. (_q. d._ di Chamouni.) + + 3. Spanish Marriages. + Rash games in Paris; or, Ah! in a miser's grasp. + + 4. Paradise Lost. + Reap sad toils. + + 5. Paradise Regained. + Dead respire again. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Family Caul--Child's Caul._--The will of Sir John Offley, Knight, of +Madeley Manor, Staffordshire (grandson of Sir Thomas Offley, Lord Mayor of +London temp. Eliz.), proved at Doctors' Commons 20th May, 1658, contains +the following singular bequest: + + "Item, I will and devise one Jewell done all in Gold enammelled, + wherein there is a Caul that covered my face and shoulders when I first + came into the world, the use thereof to my loving Daughter the Lady + {547} Elizabeth Jenny, so long as she shall live; and after her decease + the use likewise thereof to her Son, Offley Jenny, during his natural + life; and after his decease to my own right heirs male for ever; and so + from Heir to Heir, to be left so long as it shall please God of his + Goodness to continue any Heir Male of my name, desiring the same Jewell + be not concealed nor sold by any of them." + +CESTRIENSIS. + +_Numerous Progeny._--The _London Journal_ of Oct. 26, 1734, contains the +following paragraph: + + "Letters from Holderness, in Yorkshire, mention the following + remarkable inscription on a tombstone newly erected in the churchyard + of Heydon, viz. 'Here lieth the body of William Strutton, of + Padrington, buried the 18th of May, 1734, aged 97, who had by his first + wife 28 children, and by a second wife 17; own father to 45, + grandfather to 86, great-grandfather to 97, and great-great-grandfather + to 23; in all 251.'" + +T. B. H. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +SMITH, YOUNG, AND SCRYMGEOUR MSS. + +Thomas Smith, in his _Vitae Illustrium_, gives extracts from a so-called +Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young, but which Sir Peter compiled during the +latter years of his life. Thomas Hearne says, in a note to the Appendix to +Leland's _Collectanea_, that he had had the use of some of Smith's MSS. +This Ephemeris of Sir Peter Young may be worth the publishing if it can be +found: can any of your readers say whether it is among Smith's or Hearne's +MSS., or if it be preserved elsewhere? Peter Young, and his brother +Alexander, were pupils of Theodore Beza, having been educated chiefly at +the expense of their maternal uncle Henry Scrymgeour, to whose valuable +library Peter succeeded. It was brought to Scotland by Alexander about the +year 1573 or 1574, and was landed at Dundee. It was especially rich in +Greek MSS.; and Dr. Irvine, in his "Dissertation on the Literary History of +Scotland," prefixed to his _Lives of the Scottish Poets_, says of these +MSS. and library, "and the man who is so fortunate as to redeem them from +obscurity, shall assuredly be thought to have merited well from the +republic of letters." It is much to be feared, however, that as to the MSS. +this good fortune awaits no man; for Sir Peter Young seems to have given +them to his fifth son, Patrick Young, the eminent Greek scholar, who was +librarian to Prince Henry, and, after his death, to the king, and to +Charles I. Patrick Young's house was unfortunately burned, and in it +perished many MSS. belonging to himself and to others. If Scrymgeour's MSS. +escaped the fire, they are to be sought for in the remnant of Patrick +Young's collection, wherever that went, or in the King's Library, of which +a considerable part was preserved. Young's house was burned in 1636, and he +is supposed to have carried off a large number of MSS. from the royal +library, after the king's death in 1649. If therefore Scrymgeour's MSS. +were among these, it is possible that they may yet be traced, for they +would be sold with Young's own, after his death in 1652. This occurred on +the 7th of September, rather suddenly, and he left no will, and probably +gave no directions about his MSS. and library, which were sold _sub hasta_, +probably within a few months after his death, and with them any of the MSS. +which he may have taken from the King's Library, or may have had in his +possession belonging to others. Smith says that he had seen a large +catalogue of MSS. written in Young's own hand. Is this catalogue extant? +Patrick Young left two daughters, co-heiresses: the elder married to John +Atwood, Esq.; the younger, to Sir Samuel Bowes, Kt. A daughter of the +former gave to a church in Essex a Bible which had belonged to Charles I.; +but she knew so little of her grandfather's history that she described him +as Patrick Young, Esq., library keeper to the king, quite unconscious that +he had been rector of two livings, and a canon and treasurer of St. Paul's. +Perhaps, after all, the designation was not so incorrect, for though he +held so many preferments, he never was in priest's orders, and sometimes +was not altogether free from suspicion of not being a member of the Church +of England at all, except as a recipient of its dues, and of course, a +deacon in its orders. + +But it may be worthy of note, as affording another clue by which, +perchance, to trace some of Scrymgeour's MSS., that Sir Thomas Bowes, Kt., +who was Sir Symonds D'Ewes's literary executor, employed Patrick Young to +value a collection of coins, &c., among which he recognised a number that +had belonged to the king's cabinet, and which Sir Symonds had purchased +from Hugh Peters, by whom they had been purloined. Young taxed Peters with +having taken books, and MSS. also, which the other denied, with the +exception of two or three, but was not believed. I do not know what +relation Sir Thomas Bowes was to Sir Samuel, who married Young's second +daughter, nor to Paul Bowes, who edited D'Ewes's _Journals_ in 1682. It is +quite possible that some of Scrymgeour's MSS. may have fallen into D'Ewes's +hands, may have come down, and be recognisable by some mark. + +As to Scrymgeour's books, it is probable that they were deposited in Peter +Young's house of Easter Seatoun, near to Arbroath, of which he obtained +possession about 1580, and which remained with his descendants for about +ninety years, when his great-grandson sold it, and purchased the castle and +part of the lands of Aldbar. That any very fine library was removed thither +is not probable, especially any bearing Henry {548} Scrymgeour's name; and +for this reason, that Thomas Ruddiman was tutor to David Young, and was +resident at Aldbar, and would hardly have failed to notice, or to record, +the existence of any so remarkable a library as Scrymgeour's, or even of +Sir Peter Young's, who was himself an ardent collector of books, as appears +from some of his letters to Sir Patrick Vans (_recte_ Vaux) which I have +seen, and as might be inferred from his literary tastes and pursuits. There +is perhaps reason to believe that Sir Peter's library did not descend in +his family beyond his eldest son, Sir James Young, who made an attempt to +deprive the sons of his first marriage (the elder of whom died in infancy) +of their right of succession to their grandfather's estates, secured to +them under their father's marriage contract, and which attempt was defeated +by their uncle, Dr. John Young, Dean of Winchester (sixth son of Sir +Peter), who acquired from Lord Ramsay, eldest son of the Earl of Dalhousie, +part of the barony of Baledmouth in Fife. Dean Young founded a school at +St. Andrew's, on the site of which is now built Dr. Bell's Madras College. + +Sir Peter Young the elder, knighted in 1605, has been sometimes confounded +with his third son, Peter, who received his knighthood at the hands of +Gustavus Adolphus, on the occasion of that king being invested with the +Order of the Garter. + +Another fine library (Andrew Melville's) was brought into Scotland about +the same time as Scrymgeour's; and it is creditable to the statesmen of +James's reign that there was an order in the Scotch exchequer, that books +imported into Scotland should be free from custom. A note of this order is +preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum; but my reference +to the number is not at hand. + +DE CAMERA. + + * * * * * + + +MORMON PUBLICATIONS. + +Can any of your correspondents oblige me by supplying particulars of other +editions of the following Mormon works? The particulars required are the +size, place, date, and number of pages. The editions enumerated below are +the only ones to which I have had access. + +1. _The Book of Mormon_: + + First American edition, 12mo.: Palmyra, 1830, pp. 588., printed by + E. B. Grandin for the author. + + First European edition, small 8vo.: Liverpool, 1841, title, one leaf, + pp. 643., including index at the end. + + Second European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1849. Query number of pages? + + Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xii. 563. + +2. _Book of Doctrine and Covenants_: + + First (?) American edition, 18mo.: Kirkland, 1835, pp. 250. + + Third European edition, 12mo.: Liverpool, 1852, pp. xxiii, 336. + +3. _Hymn Book for the "Saints" in Europe_: + + Ninth edition, 16mo.: Liverpool, 1851, pp. vii. 379., containing 296 + hymns. + +As I am passing through the press two Lectures on the subject of Mormonism, +and am anxious that the literary history and bibliography of this curious +sect should be as complete as possible, I will venture to ask the favour of +an immediate reply to this Query: and since the subject is hardly of +general interest, as well as because the necessary delay of printing any +communication may hereby be avoided, may I request that any reply be sent +to me at the address given below. I shall also be glad to learn where, and +at what price, a copy of the first _American_ edition of the _Book of +Mormon_ can be procured. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + 14. Grove Road, + North Brixton, Surrey. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Dimidiation._--Is the practice of _dimidiation_ approved of by modern +heralds, and are examples of it common? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Early Christian Mothers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me +whether the Christian mothers of the first four or five centuries were much +in the habit of using the rod in correcting their children; and whether the +influence acquired by the mother of St. Chrysostom, and others of the same +stamp, was not greatly owing to their having seldom or never inflicted +corporal punishment on them? + +PATER. + +_The Lion at Northumberland House._--One often hears the anecdote of a wag +who, as alleged, stared at the lion on Northumberland House until he had +collected a crowd of imitators around him, when he cried out, "By Heaven! +it wags, it wags," and the rest agreed with him that the lion did wag its +tail. If this farce really took place, I should be glad to know the date +and details. + +J. P. + +Birmingham. + +_The Cross in Mexico and Alexandria._--In _The Unseen World; Communications +with it, real and imaginary, &c._, 1850, a work which is attributed to an +eminent divine and ecclesiastical historian of the English Church, it is +stated that-- + + "It was a tradition in Mexico, before the arrival of the Spaniards, + that when that form (the sign of the cross) should be victorious, the + old religion should disappear. The same sign is also said to have been + {549} discovered on the destruction of the temple of Serapis at + Alexandria, and the same tradition to have been attached to it."--P. + 23. + +The subject is very curious, and one in which I am much interested. I am +anxious to refer to the original authorities for the tradition in both +cases. It is known that the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of +rain. We have the following curious account thereof in _The Pleasant +Historie of the Conquest of West India, now called Newe Spayne_, translated +out of the Spanish tongue by T. N., anno 1578: + + "At the foote of this temple was a plotte like a churchyard, well + walled and garnished with proper pinnacles; in the midst whereof stoode + a crosse of ten foote long, the which they adored for god of the rayne; + for at all times whe they wanted rayne, they would go thither on + procession deuoutely, and offered to the crosse quayles sacrificed, for + to appease the wrath that the god seemed to have agaynste them: and + none was so acceptable a sacrifice, as the bloud of that little birde. + They used to burne certaine sweete gume, to perfume that god withall, + and to besprinkle it with water; and this done, they belieued assuredly + to haue rayne."--P. 41. + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors, Kirton Lindsey. + +_Passage in St. James._--I hope you will not consider the following Query +unsuited to your publication, and in that case I may confidently anticipate +the removal of my difficulty. + +In reading yesterday Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Living and Dying_, I came to +this passage (p. 308. Bohn's edition): + + "St. James, in his epistle, notes the folly of some men, his + contemporaries, who were so impatient of the event of to-morrow, or the + accidents of next year, or the good or evils of old age, that they + would consult astrologers and witches, oracles and devils, what should + befall them the next calends--what should be the event of such a + voyage--what God had written in his book concerning the success of + battles, the election of emperors, &c.... Against this he opposes his + counsel, that we should not search after forbidden records, much less + by uncertain significations," &c. + +Now my Query is, To what epistle of St. James does the eloquent bishop +refer? If to the canonical epistle, to what part? To the words (above +quoted) "forbidden records" there is a foot-note, which contains only the +well-known passage in Horace, lib. i. od. xi., and two others from +Propertius and Catullus. + +S. S. S. + +_"The Temple of Truth."_--Who was the author of an admirable work entitled +_The Temple of Truth_, published in 1806 by Mawman? + +T. B. H. + +_Santa Claus._--Reading _The Wide Wide World_ recalled to my mind this +curious custom, which I had remarked when in America. I was then not a +little surprised to find so strange a superstition lingering in puritanical +New England, and which, it is needless to remark, was quite novel to me. +_Santa Claus_ I believe to be a corruption of _Saint Nicholas_, the +tutelary saint of sailors, and consequently a great favourite with the +Dutch. Probably, therefore, the custom was introduced into the western +world by the compatriots of the renowned Knickerbocker. + +It is unnecessary to describe the nature of the festivity, as it is so +graphically pourtrayed in Miss Wetherell's, or rather Warner's work, to +which I would refer those desirous of further acquaintance with the +subject; the object of this Query being to learn, through some of the +American or other correspondents of "N. & Q.," the original legend, as well +as the period and events connected with the immigration into "The States" +of that beneficent friend of Young America, _Santa Claus_. + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + +_Donnybrook Fair._--This old-established fair, so well known in every +quarter of the globe, and so very injurious to the morality of those who +frequent it, is said to be held by patent: but is there any patent for it +in existence? If there be, why is it not produced? I am anxious to obtain +information upon the subject. + +ABHBA. + +_Saffron, when brought into England._--In a footnote to Beckmann's _History +of Inventions, &c._, vol. i. p. 179. (Bohn's), is the following, purporting +to be from Hakluyt, vol. ii. p. 164.: + + "It is reported at Saffron Walden that a pilgrim, proposing to do good + to his country, stole a head of saffron, and hid the same in his + palmer's staff, which he had made hollow before on purpose, and so he + brought this root into this realm, with venture of his life; for if he + had been taken, by the law of the country from whence it came, he had + died for the fact." + +Can any of your readers throw any light upon this tradition? + +W. T. + +Saffron Walden. + +_Isping Geil._--In a charter of Joanna Fossart, making a grant of lands and +other possessions to the priory of Grosmont in Yorkshire, is the following +passage as given in Dugdale's _Monasticon_ (I quote from Bohn's edition, +1846, vol. vi. p. 1025.): + + "Dedi eis insuper domos meas in Eboraco; illas scilicet quae sunt inter + domos Laurentii clerici quae fuerunt Benedicti Judaei et _Isping Geil_, + cum tota curia et omnibus pertinentiis." + +Can any of your readers, and in particular any of our York antiquaries, +inform me whether the "Isping Geil" mentioned in this passage is the name +of a person, or of some locality in that city now obsolete? In either case +I should be glad of any information as to the etymology of so singular +{550} a designation, which may possibly have undergone some change in +copying. + +[Greek: Th.] + +_Humbug._--When was this word introduced into the English language? The +earliest instance in which I have met with it is in one of Churchill's +Poems, published about the year 1750. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +_Franklyn Household Book._--Can any reader inform me in whose keeping, the +Household Book of Sir John Franklyn _now_ is?[2] Extracts were published +from it in the _Archaeologia_, vol. xv. + +J. K. + +[Footnote 2: [Sir John Franklyn's _Household Book_ was in the possession of +Sir John Chardin Musgrave, of Eden Hall, co. Cumberland, who died in 1806. +Some farther extracts, consisting of about thirty items, relating to +archery (not given in the _Archaeologia_) will be found in the British +Museum, Add. MSS. 6316. f. 30. Among other items is the following: "Oct. +20, 1642. Item, for a pound of tobacco for the Lady Glover, 12s." Sir John +Franklyn, of Wilsden, co. Middlesex, was M.P. for that county in the +beginning of the reign of Charles I., and during the Civil Wars.--ED.]] + +_James Thomson's Will._--Did the author of the _Seasons_ make a will? If +so, where is the original to be seen? + +D. + +Leamington. + +_"Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners."_--Could you inquire through +your columns who the author of a book entitled _The Country Parson's Advice +to his Parishioners_ is? It was printed for Benjamin Tooke, at the Ship, in +St. Paul's Church Yard, 1680. + +I have a singular copy of this book, and know at present of no other copy. +The booksellers all seem at a loss as to who the author was; some say +Jeremy Taylor, others George Herbert; but my date does not allow the +latter,--at least it makes it very improbable, unless it was published +after his death. The book itself is like George Herbert's style, very solid +and homely; it is evidently by some masterly hand. Should you be able to +give me information, or get it for me, I should be obliged. I think of +reprinting the book. + +GEO. NUGEE. + +Senior Curate of St. Paul's, Wilton Place. + +_Shakspeare--Blackstone._--In Moore's _Diary_, vol. iv. p. 130., he says,-- + + "Mr. Duncan mentioned, that Blackstone has preserved the name of the + judge to whom Shakspeare alludes in the grave-digger's argument?-- + + 'If the water comes to the man,' &c." + +Will one of your Shakspearian or legal correspondents have the kindness to +name the judge so alluded to, and give a reference to the passage in +Blackstone in which he conveys this information? + +IGNORAMUS. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Turkey Cocks._--Why are Turkey cocks so called, seeing they were not +imported from Turkey? + +CAPE. + + [This Query did not escape the notice of Dr. Samuel Pegge. He says; + "The cocks which Pancirollus (ii. tit. 1.) mentions as brought from + America, were Turkey cocks, as Salmuth there (p. 28.) rightly observes. + The French accordingly call this bird _Coq d'Inde_, and from _d'Inde_ + comes the diminutive _Dindon_, the young Turkey; as if one should say, + 'the young Indian fowl.' Fetching the Turkey from America accords well + with the common notion: + + 'Turkeys, carps, hops, pikarel, and beer, + Came into England all in a year;' + + that is, in the reign of Henry VIII., after many voyages had been made + to North America, where this bird abounds in an extraordinary manner. + But Query how this bird came to be called Turkey? Johnson latinizes it + _Gallina Turcica_, and defines it, 'a large domestic fowl brought from + Turkey;' which does not agree with the above account from Pancirollus. + Brookes says (p. 144.), 'It was brought into Europe either from India + or Africa.' And if from the latter, it might be called _Turkey_, though + but improperly."--_Anonymiana_, cent. x. 79.] + +_Bishop St. John._--The following passage occurs at vol. iv. p. 84. of the +Second Series of Ellis's _Original Letters, Illustrative of English +History_. It is taken from the letter numbered 326, dated London, Jan. 5, +1685-6, and addressed "for John Ellis, Esq., Secretary of his Majesty's +Revenue in Ireland, Dublin:" + + "The Bishop of London's fame runs high in the vogue of the people. The + London pulpits ring strong peals against Popery; and I have lately + heard there never were such eminently able men to serve in those cures. + The Lord Almoner Ely is thought to stand upon too narrow a base now in + his Majesty's favour, from a late violent sermon on the 5th of + November. I saw him yesterday at the King's Levy; and very little + notice taken of him, which the more confirms what I heard. Our old + friend the new Bishop St. John, gave a smart answer to a (very well + put) question of his M---- with respect to him, that shows he is not + altogether formed of court-clay; but neither you nor I shall withdraw + either of our friendship for him on such an account." + +All who know this period of our history, know Compton and Turner; but who +was Bishop St. John? + +J. J. J. + + [An error in the transcription. In the manuscript it reads thus: + "Bish^p S^r Jon^n," and clearly refers to Sir Jonathan Trelawney, + Bart., consecrated bishop of {551} Bristol, Nov. 8, 1685, translated to + Exeter in 1689, and to Winchester in 1707.] + +_Ferdinand Mendez Pinto._-- + + "Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, thou liar of the first + magnitude!" + +Where is the original of the above to be found? Was Ferdinand Mendez Pinto +a real or imaginary character? + +INQUIRENS. + + [A famous Portuguese traveller, in no good odour for veracity. His + _Travels_ have been translated into most European languages, and twice + published in English. A notice of Pinto will be found in Rose's _Biog. + Dict._, s. v.] + +_Satin._--What is the origin of the word _satin_? + +CAPE. + + [See Ogilvie and Webster. "Fr. _satin_; W. _sidan_, satin or silk; Gr. + and Lat. _sindon_; Ch. and Heb. _sedin_; Ar. _sidanah_."] + +_Carrier Pigeons._--When were carrier pigeons first used in Europe? + +CAPE. + + [Our correspondent will find some interesting notices of the early use + of the carrier pigeon in Europe in the _Penny Cyclopaedia_, vol. vii. p. + 372., art. "COLUMBIDAE;" and in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, vol. vi. + p. 176., art. "CARRIER PIGEON."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +"PYLADES AND CORRINA."--PSALMANAZAR AND DEFOE. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 305. 435. 479.) + +I had forwarded for insertion a short answer to the Query as to _Pylades +and Corinna_ before DR. MAITLAND'S communication was printed; but as it now +appears more distinctly what was the object of the Query, I can address +myself more directly to the point he has raised. And, in the first place, I +cannot suppose that Defoe had anything to do with _Pylades and Corinna_, or +the _History of Formosa_. In all Defoe's fictions there is at least some +trace of the master workman, but in neither of these works is there any +putting forth of his power, or any similitude to his manner or style. When +the _History of Formosa_ appeared (1704), he was ingrossed in politics, and +was not, as far as any evidence has yet informed us, in the habit of +translating or doing journeyman work for booksellers. Then the book itself +is, in point of composition, far beneath Defoe, even in his most careless +moods. As to _Pylades and Corinna_, Defoe died so soon after Mrs. +Thomas--she died on the 3rd February, 1731, and he on the 24th April +following, most probably worn out by illness--that time seems scarcely +afforded for getting together and working up the materials of the two +volumes published. The editor, who signs himself "Philalethes," dates his +Dedication to the first volume, in which are contained the particulars +about Psalmanazar, "St. John Baptist, 1731," which day would be after +Defoe's death. Nor is there any ground for supposing that Defoe and Curll +had much connexion as author and publisher. Curll only printed two works of +Defoe, as far as I have been able to discover, the _Memoirs of Dr. +Williams_ (1718, 8vo.), and the _Life of Duncan Campbell_ (1720, 8vo.), and +for his doing so, in each case, a good reason may be given. As regards the +genuineness of the correspondence in _Pylades and Corinna_, I do not see +any reason to question it. Sir Edward Northey's certificate, and various +little particulars in the letters themselves, entirely satisfy me that the +correspondence is not a fictitious one. The anecdotes of Psalmanazar are +quite in accordance with his own statements in his Life--(see particularly +p. 183., _Memoirs_, 1765, 8vo.); and if they were pure fiction, is it not +likely that, living in London at the time when they appeared, he would have +contradicted them? In referring (Vol. vii., p. 436., "N. & Q.") to the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ for these anecdotes, I had not overlooked their +having appeared in _Pylades and Corinna_, but had not then the latter book +at hand to include it in the reference. DR. MAITLAND considers _Pylades and +Corinna_ "a farrago of low rubbish, utterly beneath criticism." Is not this +rather too severe and sweeping a character? Unquestionably the poetry is +but so-so, and of the poem the greater part might have been dispensed with; +but, like all Curll's collections, it contains some matter of interest and +value to those who do not despise the minutiae of literary investigation. +The Autobiography of the unfortunate authoress (Mrs. Thomas), who was only +exalted by Dryden's praise to be ignominiously degraded by Pope, and "whose +whole life was but one continued scene of the utmost variety of human +misery," has always appeared to me an interesting and rather affecting +narrative; and, besides a great many occasional notices in the +correspondence, which are not without their use, there are interspersed +letters from Lady Chudleigh, Norris of Bemerton, and others, which are not +to be elsewhere met with, and which are worth preserving. + +For Psalmanazar's character, notwithstanding his early peccadilloes, I can +assure DR. MAITLAND that I have quite as high a respect as himself, even +without the corroborative evidence of our great moralist, which on such a +subject may be considered as perfectly conclusive. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * {552} + + +ROBERT WAUCHOPE, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 66.) + +This prelate seems to have been a cadet of the family of Wauchope, of +Niddry, or Niddry Marischall, in the county of Midlothian, to which family +once belonged the lands of Wauchopedale in Roxburghshire. The exact date of +his birth I have never been able to discover, nor which "laird of Niddrie" +he was the son of. Robert was a favourite name in the family long before +his time, as is evidenced by an inscription at the entry to a burial chapel +belonging to the family to this effect: "This tome was Biggit Be Robert +Vauchop of Niddrie Marchal, and interit heir 1387." I am at present out of +reach of all books of reference, and have only a few manuscript memoranda +to direct further research; and these memoranda, I am sorry to say, are not +so precise in their reference to chapter and verse as they ought to be. + +According to these notes, mention is made of Robert Wauchope, doctor of +Sorbonne, by Leslie, bishop of Ross, in the 10th book of his _History_; by +Labens, a Jesuit, in the 14th tome of his _Chronicles_; by Cardinal +Pallavicino, in the 6th book of his _Hist. Conc. Trid._; by Fra Paolo +Sarpi, in his _Hist. Conc. Trid._ Archbishop Spottiswood says that he died +in Paris in the year 1551, "much lamented of all the university," on his +return home from one of his missions to Rome. + +One of my notes, taken from the _Memoirs of Sir James Melville_, I shall +transcribe, as it is suggestive of other Queries more generally +interesting. The date is 1545: + + "Now the ambassador met in a secret part with Oneel(?) and his + associates, and heard their offers and overtures. And the patriarch of + Ireland did meet him there, who was a Scotsman born, called Wauchope, + and was blind of both his eyes, and yet had been divers times at Rome + by post. He did great honour to the ambassadour, and conveyed him to + see St. Patrick's Purgatory, which is like an old coal pit which had + taken fire, by reason of the smoke that came out of the hole." + +Query 1. What was the secret object of the ambassador? + +Query 2. Has St. Patrick's Purgatory any existence at the present time? + +D. W. S. P. + + * * * * * + + +SEAL OF WILLIAM D'ALBINI. + +(Vol. vii., p. 452.) + +The curious article of your correspondent SENEX relative to this seal, as +described and figured in Barrett's _History of Attleburgh_, has a peculiar +interest as connected with the device of a man combating a lion. + +The first time I saw this device was in a most curious MS. on "Memorial +Trophies and Funeral Monuments, both in the old Churches of London before +the Fire, and the Churches and Mansions in many of the Counties of +England." The MS. is written by Henry St. George, and will be found in +Lansd. MSS. 874. The arms and tombs are all elaborately and carefully +drawn, with their various localities, and the epitaphs which belong to +them; and the whole is accompanied with an Index of Persons, and another of +Places. + +At p. 28. this device of a man combating a lion is represented associated +with a shield of arms of many quarterings, showing the arms and alliances +of the royal family of Stuart, and is described as having formed the +subject of a window in the stewards house adjoining the church of St. +Andrew's, Holborn. In the _Catalogue of the Lansdowne MSS._ is a long and +interesting note on this device, with references to the various works where +it may be found, to which I have had access at the Museum, and find them +correct, and opening a subject for investigation of a most curious kind. + +The figure of the knight, in this drawing, differs considerably from that +on Dr. Barrett's seal. He is here represented on foot, dressed in the chain +mail and tunic of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, with a close-barred +helmet, with a broad flat crown, such as was worn in France in the time of +Louis IX., called St. Louis. The lion is in the act of springing upon him, +and he is aiming a deadly blow at him with a ragged staff, as his sword +lies broken at his feet. The figure is represented as fighting on the green +sward. From a cloud over the lion proceeds an arm clothed in chain mail, +and holding in the hand, suspended by a baldrick, a shield bearing the arms +of France (modern[3])--Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or. On a scutcheon of +pretence in the centre, Argent, a lion ramp. gules, debruised with ragged +staff, proper. This device forms the 1st quarter of the quarterings of the +Stuart family. + +In this device there is no figure of a lizard, dragon, or chimera, +whichever it is, under the horse's feet, as represented in the seal of +D'Albini. + +I could much extend this reply, by showing the antiquity of this device, +which by a long process of investigation I have traced as connected with +the legendary songs of the troubadours; but I think I have said sufficient +for the present, in reply to SENEX. + +In addition to the above, I may mention a seal of a somewhat similar +character to that of D'Albini, representing a knight on horseback, with his +sword in his hand, and his shield of arms, which are also on the housings +of the horse, under whose feet is the dragon: on the reverse is the {553} +combat of the knight with the lion. The knight is holding his shield in +front, and holding his sword in his left hand. This seal is that of Roger +de Quincy, earl of Winchester, and appended to a deed "M.CC. Quadrigresimo +Quinto." It occurs in Harl. MSS. 6079. p. 127. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +[Footnote 3: I say _modern_, for the ancient arms of France were Azure, +semee of fleurs-de-lis, as they are represented in old glass, when +quartered with those of England by our Henries and Edwards.] + +Pray request SENEX to withdraw every word he has said about me. I do not +recollect that I ever said or wrote a word about the Seal of William +D'Albini; and I cannot find that my name occurs in Dr. Barrett's volume. + +EDW. HAWKINS. + + * * * * * + + +"WILL" AND "SHALL." + +(Vol. vii., p. 356.) + +The difficulty as to the proper use of the auxiliaries _shall_ and _will_, +will be found to arise from the fact, that while these particles +respectively convey a different idea in the _first_ person singular and +plural, from that which they imply in the _second_ and _third_ persons +singular and plural, the distinction has been lost sight of in the +amalgamation of _both_; as if they were interchangeable, in _one_ tense, +according to the old grammatical formula _I shall_ or _will_. With a view +of giving my own views on the subject, and attempting to supply what +appears to me a grammatical deficiency, I shall proceed to make a few +remarks; from which I trust your Hong Kong correspondent W. T. M. may be +able to form "a clear and definite rule," and students of English assisted +in their attempts to overcome this formidable conversational "shibboleth." + +The fact is simply thus:--_Will_ is _volitive_ in the _first_ persons +singular and plural; and simply _declarative_ or _promissory_ in the +_second_ and _third_ persons singular and plural. _Shall_, on the other +hand, is _declaratory_ or _promissory_ in the _first_ person singular and +plural; _volitive_ in the _second_ and _third_ singular and plural. Thus, +the so-called future is properly divisible into _two_ tenses: the _first_ +implying _influence_ or _volition_; the _second_ (or future proper) +_intention_ or _promise_. Thus: + + 1. 2. + + I _will_ go. I _shall_ go. + Thou _shalt_ go. Thou _wilt_ go. + He _shall_ go. He _will_ go. + We _will_ go. We _shall_ go. + You _shall_ go. You _will_ go. + They _shall_ go. They _will_ go. + +When the above is thoroughly comprehended by the pupil, it will be only +necessary to impress upon his mind (as a concise rule) the necessity of +making use of a different auxiliary in speaking of the future actions of +_others_, when he wishes to convey the same idea respecting _such actions_ +which he has done, or should do, in speaking of his _own_, and _vice +versa_. Thus: + + I _will_ go, and you _shall_ accompany me. + +(_i. e._ it is my _wish_ to go, and also that you shall accompany me.) + + I _shall_ go, and you _will_ accompany me. + +(_i. e._ it is my _intention_ to go; and believe, or know, that it is your +_intention_ to accompany me.) + +The philosophical reason for this distinction will be evident, when we +reflect upon the various ideas produced in the mind by the expression of +either _volition_ or mere _intention_ (in so far as the latter is +distinguishable from active _will_) with regard to _our own_ future +actions, and the same terms with reference to the future actions of +_others_. It will be seen that a mere _intention_ in the _first_ person, +becomes _influence_ when it extends to the _second_ and _third_; we know +nothing, _a priori_ (as it were) of the _intentions_ of others, except in +so far as we may have the power of _determining_ them. When I say "_I_ +shall go" (_j'irai_), I merely express an _intention_ or _promise_ to go; +but if I continue "_You_ and _they_ shall go," I convey the idea that _my_ +intention or promise is operative on _you_ and _them_; and the terms which +I thus use become unintentionally influential or expressive of an extension +of _my_ volition to the actions of _others_. Again, the terms which I use +to signify _volition_, with reference to _my own_ actions, are but +_declaratory_ or _promissory_ when I speak of _your_ actions, or those of +_others_. I am conscious of _my own_ wish to go; but _my_ wish not +influencing _you_, I do, by continuing the use of the same auxiliary, but +express my belief or knowledge that _your_ wish is, or will be, coincident +with _my own_. When I say "I will go" (_je veux aller_), I express a desire +to go; but if I add, "_You_ and _they_ will go," I simply promise on behalf +of _you_ and _them_, or express _my_ belief or knowledge that _you_ and +_they_ will also desire to go. + +It is not unworthy of note, that the nice balance between _shall_ and +_will_ is much impaired by the constant use of the ellipse, "I'll, you'll," +&c.; and that _volition_ and _intention_ are, to a great extent, +co-existent and inseparable in the _first_ person: the metaphysical reasons +for this do not here require explanation. + +I am conscious that I have not elucidated this apparently simple, but +really complex question, in so clear and concise a manner as I could have +wished; but, feeling convinced that my principle at least is sound, I leave +it, for better consideration, in the hands of your correspondent. + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + +Brightland's rule is,-- + + "In the first person simply _shall_ foretells; + In _will_ a threat or else a promise dwells: + {554} + _Shall_ in the second and the third does threat; + _Will_ simply then foretells the coming feat." + +(See T. K. Arnold's _Eng. Gram. for Classical Schools_, 3rd edit., p. 41.; +Mitford, _Harmony of Language_; and note 5. in Rev. R. Twopeny's +_Dissertations on the Old and New Testament_.) + +The inconsistency in the use of _shall_ and _will_ is best explained by a +doctrine of Mr. Hare's (J. C. H.), the _usus ethicus_ of the future. (See +_Cambridge Philological Museum_, vol. ii. p. 203., where the subject is +mentioned incidentally, and in illustration; and Latham's _English +Language_, 2nd edit., p. 498., where Mr. Hare's hypothesis is given at +length. Indeed, from Latham and T. K. Arnold my Note has been framed.) + +F. S., B. A. + +Lee. + + * * * * * + + +INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 127.) + +Your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS, at p. 127. of the current volume of "N. & +Q.," gives several forms of inscriptions in books. The following may prove +interesting to him, if not to the generality of your readers. + +A MS. preserved in the Bibliotheque Sainte Genevieve--it appears to have +been the cellarer's book of the ancient abbey of that name, and to have +been written about the beginning of the sixteenth century--bears on the +fly-sheet the name of "Mathieu Monton, religieux et celerier de l'eglise de +ceans," with the following verses: + + "Qui ce livre cy emblera, + Propter suam maliciam + Au gibet pendu sera, + Repugnando superbiam + Au gibet sera sa maison, + Sive suis parentibus, + Car ce sera bien raison, + Exemplum datum omnibus." + +An Ovid, printed in 1501, belonging to the Bibliotheque de Chinon, has the +following verses: + + "Ce present livre est a Jehan Theblereau. + + "Qui le trouvera sy lui rende: + Il lui poyra bien le vin + Le jour et feste Sainct Martin, + Et une mesenge a la Sainct Jean, + Sy la peut prendre. + + "Tesmoin mon synet manuel, cy mis le x^e jour de avril mil v^c trente + et cyns, apres Pasque." + +Here follows the paraphe. + +School-boys in France write the following lines in their books after their +names, and generally accompany them with a drawing of a man hanging on a +gibbet: + + "Aspice Pierrot pendu, + Quod librum n'a pas rendu; + Pierrot pendu non fuisset, + Si librum reddidisset." + +English school-boys use these forms: + + "Hic liber est meus + Testis est Deus. + Si quis furetur + A collo pendetur + Ad hunc modum." + +This is always followed by a drawing of a gibbet. + + "John Smith, his book. + God give him grace therein to look; + Not only look but understand, + For learning is better than house or land. + When house and land are gone and spent, + Then learning is most excellent." + + "John Smith is my name, + England is my nation, + London is my dwelling-place, + And Christ is my salvation. + When I am dead and in my grave, + And all my bones are rotten, + When this you see, remember me, + When I am 'most forgotten." + + "Steal not this book, my honest friend, + For fear the gallows should be your end, + And when you're dead the Lord should say, + Where is the book you stole away?" + + "Steal not this book for fear of shame, + For under lies the owner's name: + The first is JOHN, in letters bright, + The second SMITH, to all men's sight; + And if you dare to steal this book, + The devil will take you with his hook." + +HONORE DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + +I forward you the following inscription, which I met with in an old copy of +Caesar's _Commentaries_ (if I remember rightly) at Pontefract, Yorkshire: + + "Si quis hunc librum rapiat scelestus + Atque scelestis manibus reservet + Ibit ad nigras Acherontis undas + Non rediturus." + +F. F. G. (Oxford). + + * * * * * + + +BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING." + +(Vol. vii., p.493.) + +I have to thank L. for his notice of my edition of the _Advancement of +Learning_, as well as for the information which he has given me, of which I +hope to have an early opportunity of availing myself. As he expresses a +hope that it may be followed by similar editions of other of Bacon's works, +I may state that the _Essays_, with the _Colours of Good and Evil_, are +already printed, and will be issued very shortly. I am quite conscious that +the references in the margin are by no means complete: indeed, as I had +only _horae subsecivae_ to give to the work, I did not attempt to make them +so. {555} But I thought it might be useful to give a general indication of +the sources from which the writer drew, and therefore put in all that I +could find, without the expenditure of a great deal of time. Consequently I +fear that those I have omitted will not be found to be the most obvious. + +I shall be glad to make a few remarks on some of the passages noticed by L. + +P. 25.--Of this piece of carelessness--for which I do not the less feel +that I deserved a rebuke because L. has not administered it--I had already +been made aware by the kindness of a friend. I confess I had never heard of +Osorius, which is perhaps no great matter for wonder; but I looked for his +name both in Bayle and the catalogue of the library of the British Museum, +and by some oversight missed it. I have since found it in both. I cannot +help, however, remarking that this is a good example of the advantage of +noting _every_ deviation from the received text. Had I tacitly transposed +three letters of the word in question (a small liberty compared with some +that my predecessors have taken), my corruption of the text might have +passed unnoticed. I have not had much experience in these things; but if +the works of English writers in general have been tampered with by editors +as much as I have found the _Advancement_ and _Essays_ of Lord Bacon to be, +I fear they must have suffered great mutilation. I rather incline to think +it is the case, for I have had occasion lately to compare two editions of +Paley's _Horae Paulinae_, and I find great differences in the text. All this +looks suspicious. + +P. 34.--I spent some time in searching for this passage in Aristotle, but I +could not discover it. I did not look elsewhere. + +P. 60.--In the forthcoming edition of the _Essays_ I have referred to +Plutarch, _Gryll._, 1., which I incline to think is the passage Bacon had +in his mind. The passage quoted from Cicero I merely meant to point out for +comparison. + +P. 146.--The passage quoted is from Sen. _ad Lucil._, 52. + +P. 147.--_Ad Lucil._, 53. + +P. 159.--_Ad Lucil._, 71. + +Two or three other passages from Seneca will be found without any +reference. One of them, p. 13., "Quidam sunt tam umbratiles ut putent in +turbido esse quicquid in luce est," I have taken some pains to hunt for, +but hitherto without success. Another noticeable one, "Vita sine proposito +languida et vaga est," is from _Ep. ad Lucil._, 95. + +For the reference to Aristotle I am much obliged. I was anxious to trace +all the quotations from Aristotle, but could not find this one. + +P. 165.--I cannot answer this question. Is it possible that he was thinking +of St. Augustine? In the _Confessions_, i. 25., we kind the expression +_vinum erroris_. + +P. 177.--No doubt Bacon had read the treatise of Sallust quoted, but my +impression is that he thought the proverb had grown out of the line in +Plautus. + +P. 180.--I have searched again for "alimenta socordiae," as it is quoted in +the _Colours of Good and Evil_, but cannot fix upon any passage from which +I can say it was taken, though there are many which might have suggested +it. One at p. 19. of the _Advancement_, which I missed at first, I have +since met with. It is from the _Cherson._, p. 106. + +THOMAS MARKBY. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Test for a good Lens._--The generality of purchasers of photographic +lenses can content themselves with merely the following rules when they +buy. It ought to be achromatic, _i. e._ consisting of the usual two pieces +of crown and flint glass, that its curves are the most recommended, and +that it is free from bubbles: to ascertain the latter, hold the lens +between the finger and thumb of the right hand, much as an egg-merchant +examines an egg before a strong gas flame, and a little to the right of it; +this reveals every bubble, however small, and another kind of texture like +minute gossamer threads. If these are too abundant, it should not be +chosen; although the best lenses are never altogether free from these +defects, it is on the whole better to have one or two good-sized bubbles +than any density of texture; because it follows, that every inequality will +refract pencils of light out of the direction they ought to go; and as +bubbles do the same thing, but as they do not refract away so much light, +they are not of much consequence. + +I believe if a lens is made as thin as it safely can be, it will be quicker +than a thicker one. I have two precisely the same focus, and one thinner +than the other; the thinner is much the quicker of the two. An apparently +indifferent lens should be tried with several kinds of apertures, till it +will take sharp pictures; but if no size of aperture can make it, or a +small aperture takes a very long time, it is a bad lens. M. Claudet, whose +long experience in the art has given him the requisite judgment, changes +the diameter of his lenses often during the day; and tries occasionally, in +his excellent plan, the places of the chemical focus: by this his time is +always nearly the same, and the results steady. As he is always free in +communicating his knowledge, he will, I think, always explain his method +when he is applied to. The inexperienced photographer is often too prone to +blame his lens when the failure proceeds more from the above causes. The +variation of the chemical focus during a day's work is often the cause of +disappointment: though it does not affect the landscape so much as the +portrait operator. {556} + +If any one has a lens, the chemical and visual focus being different, his +only remedy is M. Claudet's method. And this method will also prove better +than any other way at present known of ascertaining whether a lens will +take a sharp picture or not. If, however, any plan could be devised for +making the solar spectrum visible upon a sheet of paper inside the camera, +it would reduce the question of taking sharp pictures at once into a matter +of certainty. + +All lenses, however, should be tried by the opticians who sell them; and if +they presented a specimen of their powers to a buyer, he could see in a +moment what their capabilities were. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +Bayswater. + +_Photography and the Microscope_ (Vol. vii., p. 507.).--I beg to inform +your correspondents R. I. F. and J., that in Number 3. of the _Quarterly +Journal of Microscopical Science_ (Highley, Fleet Street) they will find +three papers containing more or less information on the subject of their +Query; and a plate, exhibiting two positive photographs from collodion +negatives, in the same number, will give a good idea of what they may +expect to attain in this branch of the art. + +Practically, I know nothing of photography; but, from my acquaintance with +the modern achromatic microscope, I venture to say that photography applied +to this instrument will be of no farther use than as _an assistant to the +draughtsman_. A reference to the plates alluded to will show how +incompetent it is to produce _pictures_ of microscopic objects: any one who +has seen these objects under a good instrument will acknowledge that these +specimens give but a very faint idea of what the microscope actually +exhibits. + +It is unfortunately the case, that the more perfect the instrument, the +less adapted it is for producing photographic pictures; for, in those of +the latest construction, the aperture of the object-glasses is carried to +such an extreme, that the observer is obliged to keep his hand continually +on the fine adjustment, in order to accommodate the focus to the different +_planes_ in which different parts of the object lie. This is the case even +with so low a power as the half-inch object-glasses, those of Messrs. +Powell and Lealand being of the enormous aperture of 65 deg.; and if this is +the case while looking through the instrument when this disadvantage is +somewhat counteracted by the power which the eye has, to a certain degree, +of adjusting itself to the object under observation, how much more +inconvenient will it be found in endeavouring to focus the whole object at +once on the ground glass plate, where such an accommodating power no longer +exists. The smaller the aperture of the object-glasses, in reason, the +better they will be adapted for photographic purposes. + +Again, another peculiarity of the object-glasses of the achromatic +microscope gives rise to a farther difficulty; they are over-corrected for +colour, the spectrum is reversed, or the violet rays are projected beyond +the red: this is in order to meet the requirements of the eye-piece. But +with the photographic apparatus the eye-piece is not used, so that, after +the object has been brought visually into focus in the camera, a farther +adjustment is necessary, in order to focus for the actinic rays, which +reside in the violet end of the spectrum. This is effected by withdrawing +the object-glass a little from the object, in which operation there is no +guide but experience; moreover, the amount of withdrawal differs with each +object-glass. + +However, the inconvenience caused by this over-chromatic correction may, I +think, be remedied by the use of the achromatic condenser in the place of +an object-glass; that kind of condenser, at least, which is supplied by the +_first_ microscopic makers. I cannot help thinking that this substitution +will prove of some service; for, in the first place, the power of the +condenser is generally equal to that of a quarter of an inch object-glass, +which is perhaps the most generally useful of all the powers; and again, +its aperture is, I think, not usually so great as that which an +object-glass of the same power would have; and, moreover, as to correction, +though it is slightly spherically under-corrected to accommodate the +plate-glass under the object, yet the chromatic correction is _perfect_. +The condenser is easily detached from its "fittings," and its application +to the camera would be as simple as that of an ordinary object-glass. + +However, my conviction remains that, in spite of all that perseverance and +science can accomplish, it never will be in the power of the photographer +to produce a picture of an object under the microscope, _equally distinct +in all its parts_; and unless his art can effect this, I need scarcely say +that his best productions can be but useful auxiliaries to the draughtsman. + +I see by an advertisement that the Messrs. Highley supply everything that +is necessary for the application of photography to the microscope. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +In reply to your correspondent J., I would ask if he has any photographic +apparatus? if so, the answer to his question "What extra apparatus is +required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic +microscopic pictures?" would be _None_; but if not, he would require a +camera, or else a wooden conical body, with plate-holder, &c., besides the +ordinary photographic outfit. Part III. of the _Microscopical Journal_, +published by Highley & Son, Fleet Street, will give him all the information +he requires. {557} + +[phi]. (p. 506.) may find a solution of his difficulties regarding the +production of stereoscopic pictures, in the following considerations. The +object of having two pictures is to present to _each eye_ an image of what +it sees in nature; but as the angle subtended by a line, of which the +pupils of the eyes form the extremities, must differ for every distance, +and for objects of varying sizes, it follows there is no _absolute_ rule +that can be laid down as the only correct one. For _distant_ views there is +in nature scarcely any stereoscopic effect; and in a photographic +stereoscopic view the effect produced is not really a representation to the +eye of the _view itself_, but of _a model of such view_; and the apparent +size of the model will vary with the angle of incidence of the two +pictures, being _smaller_ and _nearer_ as the angle increases. I believe +Professor Wheatstone recommends for landscapes 1 in 25, or about half an +inch to every foot. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Cement for Glass Baths._--In reply to numerous inquiries which have +appeared in "N. & Q." relative to a good cement for making glass baths for +photographic purposes, I send a recipe which I copied a year or two ago +from some newspaper, and which seems likely to answer the purpose: I have +not tried it myself, not being a photographer. + +Caoutchouc 15 grains, chloroform 2 ounces, mastic 1/2 an ounce. The two +first-named ingredients are to be mixed first, and after the gum is +dissolved, the mastic is to be added, and the whole allowed to macerate for +a week. When great elasticity is desirable, more caoutchouc may be added. +This cement is perfectly transparent, and is to be applied with a brush +cold. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Mr. Lyte's Mode of Printing._--All persons who have experienced +disappointment in the printing of their positive pictures will feel obliged +by MR. LYTE'S suggestion as to the bath; but as the preparation of the +positive paper has also a great deal to say to the ultimate result, MR. +LYTE would confer an additional obligation if he gave the treatment he +adopts for this. + +I have observed that the negative collodion picture exercises a good deal +of influence on the ultimate colour of the positive, and that different +collodion negatives will give different results in this respect, when the +paper and treatment with each has been precisely the same. Does this +correspond with other persons' experience? + +C. E. F. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416. 507.).--MR. THOMS'S +suggestion, and his quotation in proof thereof from the Chronicler, are +farther verified by the following inscription and verses which I transcribe +from an engraved portrait of the famous jester: + +"Ulenspiegel. + + "Ligt Begraben zu Dom in Flandern in der grosen Kirch, auf dem + Grabister also Likend abgebildet. Starb A^o. 1301." + +These lines are above the portrait, and beneath it are the verses next +following: + + "Tchau _Ulenspiegeln_ hier. Das Bildniss macht dich lachen: + Was wurdst du thun siehst du jhn selber Possen machen? + Zwar _Thyle_ ist ein Bild und _Spiegel_ dieser Welt, + Viel Bruder er verliess; Wir treiben Narretheyen, + In dem uns dunckt, dass wir die grosten Weysen seyen, + Drum lache deiner selbst; diss Blat dich dir vorstellt." + +The portrait, evidently that of a man of large intellect, is very +life-like, and full of animation. He seems to be some fifty years of age or +so; he has a cap, ornamented by large feather, on his head. He is seated in +a chair, has a book in his hand, and is attired in a kind of magisterial +robe bordered with fur. There is a good-humoured roguish twinkle in his +eyes; and I should be inclined to call him, judging from the portrait +before me, an epigrammatist rather than mere vulgar jester. The engraving +is beautifully executed: it has neither date nor place of publication, but +its age may perhaps be determined by the names of the painter (Paulus +Furst) and engraver (P. Troschel). The orthography is by no means of recent +date. I cannot translate the verses to my own satisfaction; and should feel +much obliged if you, MR. EDITOR, or MR. THOMS, would favour the readers of +"N. & Q." with an English version thereof. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club. + +_Lawyers' Bags_ (Vol. vii., pp. 85. 144.).--Colonel Landman is doubtless +correct in his statement as to the colour of barristers' bags; but from the +evidence of A TEMPLAR and CAUSIDICUS, we must place the change from green +to red at some period anterior to the trial of Queen Caroline. In Queen +Anne's time they were _green_. + + "I am told, Cousin Diego, you are one of those that have undertaken to + manage me, and that you have said you will carry a _green bag_ + yourself, rather than we shall make an end of our lawsuit: I'll teach + them and you too to manage."--_The History of John Bull_, by Dr. + Arbuthnot, Part I. ch. xv. + +T. H. KERSLEY, B. A. + +Audlem, Cheshire. + +_"Nine Tailors make a Man"_ (Vol. vi., pp. 390. 563.; Vol. vii., p. +165.).--The origin of this saying is to be sought for elsewhere than in +England only. Le Conte de la Villemarque, in his {558} interesting +collection of Breton ballads, _Barzas-Breiz_, vol. i. p. 35., has the +following passage: + + "Les tailleurs, cette classe vouee au ridicule, en Bretagne, comme dans + le pays de Galles, en Irlande, en Ecosse, en Allemagne et ailleurs, et + qui l'etait jadis chez toutes les nations guerrieres, dont la vie + agitee et errante s'accordait mal avec une existence casaniere et + paisible. Le peuple dit encore de nos jours en Bretagne, _qu'il faut + neuf tailleurs pour faire un homme_, et jamais il ne prononce leur nom, + sans oter son chapeau, et sans dire: 'Sauf votre respect.'" + +The saying is current also in Normandy, at least in those parts which +border on Britany. Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may be able to +say whether it is to be found in other parts of Europe. + +HONORE DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + +_"Time and I"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 247.).--Arbuthnot calls it a Spanish +proverb. In the _History of John Bull_, we read among the titles of other +imaginary chapters in the "Postscript," that of-- + + "Ch. XVI. Commentary upon the _Spanish_ Proverb, _Time and I against + any Two_; or Advice to Dogmatical Politicians, exemplified in some New + Affairs between John Bull and _Lewis Baboon_." + +T. H. KERSLEY, B. A. + +Audlem, Cheshire. + +_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., pp. 408. 512.).--W. ST. says that William Carr +married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Sing, Bishop of Cork. The name is +Synge, not Sing. The family name was originally Millington, and was changed +to Synge by Henry VIII. or Queen Elizabeth, on account of the sweetness of +the voice of one of the family, who was a clergyman, and the ancestor of +George Synge, Bishop of Cloyne; Edward Synge, Bishop of Ross; Edward Synge, +Archbishop of Tuam; Edward Synge, Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns; Nicholas +Synge, Bishop of Killaloe; the late Sir Samuel Synge Hutchinson, Archdeacon +of Killala; and of the present Sir Edward Synge. + +I cannot find that any of these church dignitaries had a daughter married +to Wm. Carr. Nicholas Synge, Bishop of Killaloe, left a daughter, +Elizabeth, who died unmarried in 1834, aged ninety-nine; but I cannot +discover that either of the other bishops of that family had a daughter +Elizabeth. + +GULIELMUS. + +_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. vii., pp. 262. 440.).--What were these +privileges, and whence was the term derived? + + "Veria, quae et Canfera, vel Campoveria potius dicitur, alterum est + inter oppida hujus insulae, muro et moenibus clausa, situ quidem ad + aquilonem obversa, et in ipso oceani littore: fossam habet, quae + Middelburgum usque extenditur, a qua urbe leucae tantum unius, etc. + + "Estque oppidulum satis concinnum, et mercimoniis florens, maxime + propter commercia navium _Scoticarum_, quae in isto potissimum portu + stare adsueverunt. + + "_Scotorum_ denique, superioribus annis, frequentatione celebris et + _Scoticarum_ mercium, praecipue vellerum ovillorum, stapula, ut vocant, + et emporium esse coepit."--L. Guicciardini, _Belgium_ (1646), vol. ii. + pp. 67, 68. + +Will J. D. S. be so good as to say where he found the "Campvere privileges" +referred to? + +E. + +_Haulf-naked_ (Vol. vii., p. 432.).--The conjecture that _Half-naked_ was a +manor in co. Sussex is verified by entries in _Cal. Rot. Pat._, 11 Edw. I., +m. 15.; and 13 Edw. I., m. 18. Also in _Abbreviatio Rot. Orig._, 21 Edw. +III., _Rot._ 21.; in which latter it is spelt _Halnaked_. + +J. W. S. R. + +St. Ives, Hunts. + +_Old Picture of the Spanish Armada_ (Vol. vii., p. 454.).--Although perhaps +this may not be reckoned an answer to J. S. A.'s Query on this head, I have +to inform you that in the steeple part of Gaywood Church near this town, is +a fine old painting of Queen Elizabeth reviewing the forces at Tilbury +Fort, and the Spanish fleet in the distance. It is framed, and sadly wants +cleaning. + +J. N. C. + +King's Lynn. + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432., &c.).--We have in St. Margaret's +parish a parochial library, which is kept in a room fitted up near the +vestry of the church in this town. + +J. N. C. + +King's Lynn. + +To the list of places where there are parochial libraries may be added +Bewdley, in Worcestershire. There is a small library in the Grammar School +of that place, consisting, if I recollect aright, mainly of old divinity, +under the care of the master: though it is true, for some years, there has +been no master. + +S. S. S. + +In the preface to the _Life of Lord Keeper Guilford_, by Roger North, it +appears that Dudleys youngest daughter of Charles, and granddaughter of +Dudley Lord North, dying,-- + + "Her library, consisting of a choice collection of Oriental books, by + the present Lord North and Grey, her only surviving brother, was given + to the parochial library of Rougham in Norfolk, where it now remains." + +This library then existed in 1742, the date of the first edition of the +work. + +FURVUS. + +St. James's. + +_How to stain Deal_ (Vol. vii., p. 356.).--Your correspondent C. will find +that a solution of {559} asphaltum in boiling turpentine is a very good +stain to dye deal to imitate oak. This must be applied when cold with a +brush to the timbers: allowed to get dry, then size and varnish it. + +The dye, however, which I always use, is a compound of raw umber and a +small portion of blue-black diluted to the shade required with strong size +in solution: this must be used hot. It is evident that this will not +require the preparatory sizing before the application of the varnish. +Common coal, ground in water, and used the same as any other colour, I have +found to be an excellent stain for roof timbers. + +W. H. CULLINGFORD. + +Cromhall, Gloucestershire. + +_Roger Outlawe_ (Vol. vii., p. 332.).--Of this person, who was Lord Deputy +of Ireland for many years of the reign of Edward III., some particulars +will be found in the notes to the _Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler_, +edited for the Camden Society by Mr. Wright, p. 49. There is evidently more +than one misreading in the date of the extract communicated by the REV. +H. T. ELLACOMBE: "die pasche in viiij mense anno B. Etii post ultimum +conquestum hibernia quarto." I cannot interpret "in viiij mense;" but the +rest should evidently be "anno _Regis Edwardi tertii_ post ultimum +conquestum Hiberniae quarto." + +May I ask whether this "last conquest of Ireland" has been noticed by +palaeographers in other instances? + +ANON. + +_Tennyson_ (Vol. vii., p. 84.).--Will not the following account by Lord +Bacon, in his _History of Henry VII._, of the marriage by proxy between +Maximilian, King of the Romans, and the Princess Anne of Britany, +illustrate for your correspondent H. J. J. his last quotation from +Tennyson? + + "She to me + Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf, + At eight years old." + + "Maximilian so far forth prevailed, both with the young lady and with + the principal persons about her, as the marriage was consummated by + proxy, with a ceremony at that time in these parts new. For she was not + only publicly contracted, but stated, as a bride, and solemnly bedded; + and after she was laid, there came in Maximilian's ambassador with + letters of procuration, and in the presence of sundry noble personages, + men and women, put his leg, stripped naked to the knee, between the + espousal sheets," &c. + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Old Fogie_ (Vol. vii., p. 354.).--MR. KEIGHTLEY supposes the term of _old +fogie_, as applied to "mature old warriors," to be "of pure Irish origin," +or "rather of Dublin birth." In this he is certainly mistaken, for the word +_fogie_, as applied to old soldiers, is as well known, and was once as +familiarly used in Scotland, as it ever was or could have been in Ireland. +The race was extinct before my day, but I understand that formerly the +permanent garrisons of Edinburgh, and I believe also of Stirling, Castles, +consisted of veteran companies; and I remember, when I first came to +Edinburgh, of people who had seen them, still talking of "the Castle +fogies." + +Dr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, defines the word "foggie or +fogie," to be first, "an invalid, or garrison soldier," secondly, "a person +advanced in life" and derives it from "Su. G. _fogde_, formerly one who had +the charge of a garrison." + +This seems to me a more satisfactory derivation than MR. KEIGHTLEY'S, who +considers it a corruption or diminutive of _old folks_. + +J. L. + +City Chambers, Edinburgh. + +_Errata corrigenda._--Vol. ii., p. 356. col. 2., near the bottom, for Sir +_William_ Jardine, read Sir _Henry_ Jardine. Sir William and Sir Henry were +very different persons, though the former was probably the more generally +known. Sir H. was the author of the report referred to. + +Vol. vii., p. 441. col. 1. line 15, for _Lenier_ read _Ferrier_. + +J. L. + +City Chambers, Edinburgh. + +_Anecdote of Dutens_ (Vol. vii., pp. 26. 390.).-- + + "Lord Lansdowne at breakfast mentioned of Dutens, who wrote _Memoires + d'un Voyageur qui se repose_, and was a great antiquarian, that, on his + describing once his good luck in having found (what he fancied to be) a + tooth of Scipio's in Italy, some one asked him what he had done with + it, upon which he answered briskly: 'What have I done with it? Le + voici,' pointing to his mouth; where he had made it supplemental to a + lost one of his own."--Moore's _Journal_, vol. iv. p. 271. + +E. H. A. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--In Hone's _Every-day Book_ (vol. +ii. p. 1059.) is the following paragraph:-- + + "EXETER LAMMAS FAIR.--The charter for this fair is perpetuated by a + glove of immense size, stuffed and carried through the city on a very + long pole, decorated with ribbons, flowers, &c., and attended with + music, parish beadles, and the mobility. It is afterwards placed on the + top of the Guildhall, and then the fair commences: on the taking down + of the glove, the fair terminates.--P." + +As to Crolditch, _alias_ Lammas Fair, at Exeter, see Izacke's _Remarkable +Antiquities of the City of Exeter_, pp. 19, 20. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +At Macclesfield, in Cheshire, a large glove was, perhaps is, always +suspended from the outside of the window of the town-hall during the +holding of a fair; and as long as the glove was so suspended, every one was +free from arrest within the {560} township, and, I have heard, while going +and returning to and from the fair. + +EDWARD HAWKINS. + +At Free Mart, at Portsmouth, a glove used to be hung out of the town-hall +window, and no one could be arrested during the fortnight that the fair +lasted. + +F. O. MARTIN. + +_Arms--Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., p. 407.).--The families which bore three +Dane-axes or battle-axes in their coats armorial were very numerous in +ancient times. It may chance to be of service to your Querist A.C. to be +informed, that those of Devonshire which displayed these bearings were the +following: Dennys, Batten, Gibbes, Ledenry, Wike, Wykes, and Urey. + +J. D. S. + +_Enough_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--In Staffordshire, and I believe in the +other midland counties, this word is usually pronounced _enoo_, and written +_enow_. In Richardson's _Dictionary_ it will be found "enough or enow;" and +the etymology is evidently from the German _genug_, from the verb +_genugen_, to suffice, to be enough, to content, to satisfy. The +Anglo-Saxon is _genog_. I remember the burden of an old song which I +frequently heard in my boyish days: + + "I know not, I care not, + I cannot tell how to woo, + But I'll away to the merry green woods, + And there get nuts _enow_." + +This evidently shows what the pronunciation was when it was written. + +J. A. H. + +_Enough_ is from the same root as the German _genug_, where the first _g_ +has been lost, and the latter softened and almost lost in its old English +pronunciation, _enow_. The modern pronunciation is founded, as that of many +other words is, upon an affected style of speech, ridiculed by +Holofernes.[4] The word _bread_, for example, is almost universally called +_bred_; but in Chaucer's poetry and indeed now in Yorkshire, it is +pronounced bre-aed, a dissyllable. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + +[Footnote 4: The Euphuists are probably chargeable with this corruption.] + +In Vol. vii., p. 455. there is an inquiry respecting the change in the +pronunciation of the word _enough_, and quotations are given from Waller, +where the word is used, rhyming with _bow_ and _plough_. But though spelt +_enough_, is not the word, in both places, really _enow_? and is there not, +in fact, a distinction between the two words? Does not _enough_ always +refer to _quantity_, and _enow_ to _number_: the former, to what may be +_measured_; the latter, to that which may be _counted_? In both quotations +the word _enough_ refers to _numbers_? + +S. S. S. + +_Feelings of Age_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--A.C. asks if it "is not the +general feeling, that man in advancing years would not like to begin life +again?" I fear not. It is a wisdom above the average of what men possess +that made the good Sir Thomas Browne say: + + "Though I think no man can live well once, but he that could live + twice, yet for my own part I would not live over my hours past, or + begin again the thread of my dayes: not upon Cicero's ground--because I + have lived them well--but for fear I should live them worse. I find my + growing judgment daily instruct me how to be better, but my untamed + affections and confirmed vitiosity make me daily do worse. I find in my + confirmed age the same sins I discovered in my youth; I committed many + then, because I was a child, and, because I commit them still, I am yet + an infant. Therefore I perceive a man may be twice a child before the + days of dotage, and stand in need of AEson's bath before threescore." + +The annotator refers to _Cic._, lib. xxiv. ep. 4.: + + "Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, ut potes, honestissime. + Viximus: floruimus: non vitium nostrum, sed virtus nostra, nos + afflixit. Peccatum est nullum, nisi quod non una animam cum ornamentis + amisimus."--Edit. Orell., vol. iii. part i. p. 335. + +However, it seems probable that Sir Thomas meant that this sentiment is +rather to be gathered from Cicero's writings,--not enunciated in a single +sentence. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Optical Query_ (Vol. vii., p. 430.).--In reply to the optical Query by +H. H., I venture to suggest that a stronger gust of wind than usual might +easily occasion the illusion in question, as I myself have frequently found +in looking at the fans on the tops of chimneys. Or possibly the eyes may +have been confused by gazing on the revolving blades, just as the tongue is +frequently influenced in its accentuation by pronouncing a word of two +syllables in rapid articulations. + +F. F. S. + +Oxford. + +_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vii., p.487.).--Here is another explanation at least +as satisfactory as some of the previous ones: + + "The word _coin_ itself is money struck on the _coin_ or head of the + flattened metal, by which word _coin_ or _head_ is to be understood the + _obverse_, the only side which in the infancy of coining bore the + stamp. Thence the Latin _cuneus_, from _cune_ or _kyn_, the head. + + "This side was also called _pile_, in corruption from _poll_, a head, + not only from the side itself being the _coin_ or _head_, but from its + being impressed most commonly with some head in contradistinction to + the reverse, which, in latter times, was oftenest a cross. Thence the + vulgarism, _cross or pile, poll, head_."--Cleland's _Specimen of an + Etymological Vocabulary_, p. 157. + +A. HOLT WHITE. + +{561} + +_Capital Punishments_ (Vol. vii., pp. 52. 321.).--The authorities to which +W. L. N. refers not being generally accessible, he would confer a very +great obligation by giving the names and dates of execution of any of the +individuals alluded to by him, who have undergone capital punishment in +this country for exercising the Roman Catholic religion. Herein, it is +almost needless to remark, I exclude such cases as those of Babington, +Ballard, Parsons, Garnett, Campion, Oldcorne, and others, their fellows, +who suffered, as every reader of history knows, for treasonable practices +against the civil and christian policy and government of the realm. + +COWGILL. + +_Thomas Bonnell_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--In what year was this person, about +whose published _Life_ J. S. B. inquires, Mayor of Norwich? His name, as +such, does not occur in the lists of Nobbs, Blomefield, or Ewing. + +COWGILL. + +_Passage in the First Part of Faust_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--MR. W. FRASER +will find good illustrations of the question he has raised in his second +suggestion for the elucidation of this passage in _The Abbot_, chap. 15. +_ad fin._ and _note_. + +A few weeks after giving this reference, in answer to a question by EMDEE +(see "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 262.; Vol. ii., p. 47.), I sent in English, for +I am not a German scholar, as an additional reply to EMDEE, the very same +passage that MR. FRASER has just forwarded, but it was not inserted, +probably because its fitness as an illustration was not very evident. + +My intention in sending that second reply was to show that, as in +_Christabel_ and _The Abbot_, the voluntary and _sustained_ effort required +to introduce the evil spirit was of a physical, so in _Faust_ it was of a +mental character; and I confess that I am much pleased now to find my +opinion supported by the accidental testimony of another correspondent. + +It must, however, be allowed that the peculiar wording of the passage under +consideration may make it difficult, if not impossible, to separate +_earnest_ from the _magical_ form in which Faust's command to enter his +room is given. Goethe's intention, probably, was to combine and illustrate +both. + +As proofs of the belief in the influence of the number _three_ in +incantation, I may refer to Virg. _Ecl._ viii. 73--78.; to a passage in +Apuleius, which describes the resuscitation of a corpse by Zachlas, the +Egyptian sorcerer; + + "Propheta, sic propitiatus, herbulam quampiam ter ob os corporis, et + aliam pectori ejus imponit."--Apul. _Metamorph._, lib. ii. sect. 39. + (Regent's Classics); + +and to the rhyming spell that raised the White Lady of Avenel at the Corrie +nan Shian. (See _The Monastery_, chaps. xi. and xvii.) + +C. FORBES. + +_Sir Josias Bodley_ (Vol. vii., p. 357.).--Your correspondent Y. L. will +find some account of the family of Bodley in Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, +edit. 1810, pp. 92-105., and in Moore's _History of Devon_, vol. ii. pp. +220-227. See also "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., pp. 59. 117. 240. + +J. D. S. + +_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word _claret_ is evidently derived +directly from the French word _clairet_; which is used, even at the present +day, as a generic name for the "_vins ordinaires_," of a light and thin +quality, grown in the south of France. The name is never applied but to red +wines; and it is very doubtful whether it takes its appellation from any +place, being always used adjectively--"_vin clairet_," not _vin_ de +_clairet_. I am perhaps not quite correct in stating, that the word is +always used as an adjective; for we sometimes find _clairet_ used alone as +a substantive; but I conceive that in this case the word _vin_ is to be +understood, as we say "du Bordeaux," "du Champagne," meaning "du vin de +Bordeaux," "du vin de Champagne." _Eau clairette_ is the name given to a +sort of cherry-brandy; and lapidaries apply the name _clairette_ to a +precious stone, the colour of which is not so deep as it ought to be. This +latter fact may lead one to suppose that the wine derived its name from +being _clearer_ and lighter in colour than the more full-bodied vines of +the south. The word is constantly occurring in old drinking-songs. A song +of Olivier Basselin, the minstrel of Vire, begins with these words: + + "Beau nez, dont les rubis out coute mainte pipe + De vin blanc et clairet." + +By the way, this song is the original of one in the musical drama of _Jack +Sheppard_, which many of the readers of "N. & Q." may remember, as it +became rather popular at the time. It began thus: + + "Jolly nose, the bright gems that illumine thy tip, + Were dug from the mines of Canary." + +I am not aware that the plagiarism has been noticed before. + +HONORE DE MAREVILLE. + +Guernsey. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +Now that the season is arriving for the sportsman, angler, yachtsman, and +lover of nature to visit the wild and solitary beauties of _Gamle Norge_, +nothing could be better timed than the pleasant gossiping _Month in +Norway_, by J. G. Holloway, which forms this month's issue of Murray's +_Railway Library_; or the splendidly illustrated _Norway and its Scenery_, +comprising the _Journal of a Tour_ by Edward Price, Esq., and a _Road Book +for Tourists, with Hints to Anglers and Sportsmen_, edited by T. Forster, +Esq., which forms the new number of Bohn's _Illustrated Library_, and {562} +which is embellished with a series of admirable views by Mr. Price, from +plates formerly published at a very costly price, but which, in this new +form, are now to be procured for a few shillings. + +As the Americans have been among the most successful photographic +manipulators, we have looked with considerable interest at a work devoted +to the subject which has just been imported from that country, _The History +and Practice of the Art of Photography, &c._, by Henry H. Snelling, _Fourth +Edition_; and though we are bound to admit that it contains many hints and +notes which may render it a useful addition to the library of the +photographer, we still must pronounce it as a work put together in a loose, +unsatisfactory manner, and as being for the most part a compilation from +the best writers in the Old World. + +When Dr. Pauli's _Life of Alfred_ made its appearance it received, as it +deserved, our hearty commendation. We have now to welcome a translation of +it, which has just been published in Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_,--_The +Life of Alfred the Great, translated from the German of Dr. Pauli; to which +is appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, with a literal English +Translation, and an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and Glossary by_ Benjamin Thorpe; +and it speaks favourably for the spread of the love of real learning, that +it should answer the publisher's purpose to put forth such a valuable book +in so cheap and popular a form. Mr. Thorpe's scholarship is too well known +to require recognition at our hands. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in +England, by_ J. Y. Akerman. The present number contains coloured engravings +of the _Umbo of Shield and Weapons found at Driffield_, and of a _Bronze +Patera from a Cemetery at Wingham, Kent_.--_Gervinus' Introduction to the +History of the Nineteenth Century_. Apparently a carefully executed +translation of Dr. Gervinus' now celebrated brochure issued by Mr. Bohn; +who has, in his _Standard Library_, given us a new edition of _De Lolme on +the Constitution_, with notes by J. Macgregor, M.P.; and in his _Classical +Library_ a translation by C. D. Yonge of _Diogenes Laertius' Lives and +Opinions of the Ancient Philosophers_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WALKER'S LATIN PARTICLES. + +HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such +title). + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +* * * _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +* * * Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We are compelled to postpone until next week many interesting articles +which are in type, and many Replies to Correspondents._ + +MR. RILEY'S _Reply to the_ REV. MR. GRAVES' _notice of_ Hoveden _did not +reach us in time for insertion this week._ + +I. A. N. (93rd Highlanders.) _Several correspondents, as well as yourself, +complain of the difficulty of obtaining amber varnish. There are several +Eastern gums which much resemble amber, as also a substance known as +"Highgate resin." Genuine amber, when rubbed together, emits a very +fragrant odour similar to a fresh lemon, and does not abrade the surface. +The fictitious amber, on the contrary, breaks or becomes rough, and has a +resinous turpentine-like smell. Genuine amber is to be obtained generally +of the tobacconists, who have often broken mouth-pieces by them: old +necklaces, now out of use, are sold at a very moderate price by the +jewellers. The amber of commerce, used in varnish-making, contains so much +impurity that the waste of chloroform renders it very undesirable to use. +The amber should be pounded in a mortar, and, to an ounce by_ measure _of +chloroform, add a drachm and a half of amber (only about one-fourth of it +will be dissolved), and this requires two days' maceration. It should be +filtered through fine blotting-paper. Being so very fluid, it runs most +freely over the collodion, and, when well prepared and applied, renders the +surface so hard, and so much like the glass, that it is difficult to know +on which side of the glass the positive really is. The varnish is to be +obtained properly made at from_ 2s. _to_ 2s. 6d. _per ounce; and although +this appears dear, it is not so in use, so very small a portion being +requisite to effectually cover a picture; and the effects exceed every +other application with which we are acquainted,--to say nothing of its_ +instantaneously _becoming hard, in itself a most desirable requisite._ + +---- (Islington). _Your note has been mislaid, but in all probability the +spots in your collodion would be removed by dipping into the bottle a small +piece of iodide of potassium. Collodion made exactly as described by_ DR. +DIAMOND _in_ "N. & Q.," _entirely answers our expectations, and we prefer +it, for our own use, to any we have ever been able to procure._ + +J. M. S. (Manchester) _shall receive a private communication upon his +Photographic troubles. We must, however, refer him to our advertising +columns for pure chemicals. Ether ought not to exceed_ 5s. 6d. _the pint of +twenty ounces._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, + +PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the Catalogue of Manuscripts in Gonville and +Caius College Library. Selected by the REV. J. J. SMITH. Being Facsimiles +of Illumination, Text, and Autograph, done in Lithograph, 4to. size, with +Letter-press Description in 8vo., as Companion to the published Catalogue, +price 1l. 4s. + +A few copies may be had of which the colouring of the Plates is more highly +finished. Price 1l. 10s. + +Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON. + +London: GEORGE BELL. + + * * * * * + + +OFFICERS' BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING. + +HEAL & SON beg to call the Attention of Gentlemen requiring Outfits to +their large stock of Portable Bedsteads, Bedding, and Furniture, including +Drawers, Washstands, Chairs, Glasses, and every requisite for Home and +Foreign Service. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. 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PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the +Institution. + +A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B. +HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their +Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, +tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any +climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. 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Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. + + * * * * * + +Established 1824. + + * * * * * + +FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of +131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the +different ages from 241/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the +five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured. + +The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being +now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits +obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF +PARTNERSHIP. + +POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next +Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers. + +On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be +paid for the first five years. + +INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. + +Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are +_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. + +Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the +Society's Agents, or of + +GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, +London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank: +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. Cabell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age _L s. d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +WINSLOW HALL, BUCKS. + +DR. LOVELL'S SCHOLASTIC ESTABLISHMENT (exclusively for the Sons of +Gentlemen) was founded at Mannheim in 1836, under the Patronage of H. R. H. +the GRANDE DUCHESSE STEPHANIE of Baden, and removed to Winslow in 1848. The +Course of Tuition includes the French and German Languages, and all other +Studies which are Preparatory to the Universities, the Military Colleges, +and the Army Examination. The number of Pupils is limited to Thirty. The +Principal is always in the Schoolroom, and superintends the Classes. There +are also French, German, and English resident Masters. Prospectus and +References can be had on application to the Principal. {564} + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, May 28, contains Articles on + + Agriculture, history of + Agricultural machinery, by Mr. Mechi + ---- statistics, by Mr. Watson + Birds, names of, by Mr. Holt + Bottles, preserve, by Mr. Cuthill + Calendar, horticultural + ----, agricultural + Chemical work nuisance + Dahlia, the, by Mr. M^cDonald + Draining swamps, by Mr. Dumolo + Drill seeding, advantages of + Dropmore Gardens + Exhibition of 1851, estate purchased by commissioners of (with engraving) + Frost, plants injured by, by Mr. Whiting + Gardening, kitchen + Grapes, colouring of + Heating, gas, (with engraving) + Land, transfer of + Law relating to land + ---- of leases, by Dr. Mackenzie + ---- of fixtures, French + Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Society's Journal, rev. + Machinery, agricultural, by Mr. Mechi + Mangold wurzel, by Mr. Watson + Musa Cavendishi + Pipes, to coat, by Dr. Angus Smith + Potatoes, curl in + Potato disease + Preserves, bottles for, by Mr. Cuthill + Rhubarb wine, by Mr. Cuthill + Root, crops on clay, by Mr. Wortley + Royal Botanic Society, report of exhibition + Seeding, advantages of drill + Siphocampylus betulifolius + Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, Linnean, National + Floricultural, Agricultural of England + Sparkenhoe Farmers' Club + Statistics, agricultural, by Mr. Watson + Swamps, to drain, by Mr. Dumolo + Tulips, Groom's + Vegetables, culture of + Water-pipe coating, by Dr. Angus Smith + Winter, effects of, by Mr. Whiting + Woods, management of + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, Part III. of + +LILLY'S CATALOGUE, containing a most extraordinary COLLECTION of RARE and +CURIOUS BLACK-LETTER ENGLISH BOOKS, printed in the Fifteenth Century, +particularly rich in Theology and Works relating to Controversial Theology, +and Historical Books, relating to the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and James I. +on the Jesuits, Seminary Priests, Roman Catholics, Mary Queen of Scots, +Martin Mar-Prelate Tracts, &c. &c., during this eventful period. Also, a +COLLECTION of HISTORICAL and ANTIQUARIAN BOOKS, in ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHY, +HERALDRY, HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, &c. &c., in very fine state, in fine old +Russia and calf gilt bindings; besides a Selection of Rare and Curious +Books in English and Miscellaneous Literature, on sale, at the very +moderate prices affixed, by J. LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, +London. + +The Catalogue will be forwarded to any Gentleman on the receipt of two +postage stamps; or the whole of Lilly's Catalogues for 1853 on the receipt +of twelve postage stamps. + +*** J. LILLY would most respectfully beg the attention of Collectors and +Literary Gentlemen to the above Catalogue. + + * * * * * + + +NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient British +History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. 8vo., pp. 448, with Engravings, 15s. +cloth. + +A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIALISMS in Use in the County of SUSSEX. By W. DURRANT +COPPER, F.A.S. 12mo., 3s. 6d. cloth. + +A FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE; with occasional Remarks on the Emendations of +the Manuscript-Corrector in Mr. Collier's Copy of the Folio, 1632. By the +REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo., 5s. cloth. + +WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Dialect and Manners of the Rustic +Population of that County. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Esq. 12mo., 2s. 6d. +cloth. + +REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England, described +and illustrated. By J. Y. AKERMAN, Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. +Parts I. to V., 4to., 2s. 6d. each. + +*** The Plates are admirably executed by Mr. Basire, and coloured under the +direction of the Author. It is a work well worthy the notice of the +Archaeologist. + +THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW; consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses of, and +Extracts from Curious, Useful, and Valuable Old Books. 8vo. Nos. 1, 2, and +3, 2s. 6d. each. (No. 4., August 1.) + +J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF +FEMALE MUSICIANS, +_Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members._ + +_Patroness_: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. _Vice-Patronesses_: Her +Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of +Cambridge. + +On FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1853, at the HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS, will be +performed, for the Benefit of this Institution, A GRAND CONCERT of Vocal +and Instrumental Music. + +_Vocal Performers_--Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor, +Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame F. Lablache and Madame Clara +Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. Benson, and Signor F. Lablache. Herr Pischek +and Herr Staudigl. + +In the Course of the Concert, Madlle. Clauss will play one of her +celebrated Pianoforte Pieces. The Members of the Harp Union, Mr. T. H. +Wright, Herr Oberthuer, and Mr. H. J. Trust, will perform the GRAND NATIONAL +FANTASIA for THREE HARPS, composed by Oberthuer, as lately played at +Buckingham Palace, by command of Her Majesty. + +THE BAND will be complete in every Department.--_Leader_, Mr. H. Blagrove. +_Conductor_, Mr. W. Sterndale Bennett. + +The Doors will open at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at +Eight precisely. + +Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary +Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One Payment (which +shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to Two Tickets +of Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by +the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will be thankfully received, and +Tickets delivered, by the Secretary, + +MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the Principal +Music-sellers. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JUNE contains the following articles:--1. The +Daughters of Charles I. 2. The Exiled Royal Family of England at Rome in +1736. 3. The Philopseudes of Lucian. 4. History of the Lead Hills and Gold +Regions of Scotland. 5. Survey of Hedingham Castle in 1592 (with two +Plates). 6. Layard's Discoveries in Nineveh and Babylon (with Engravings). +7. Californian and Australian Gold. 8. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: +Establishment of the Cloth Manufacture in England by Edward III.--St. +James's Park.--The Meaning of "Romeland."--The Queen's and Prince's +Wardrobes in London.--The Culture of Beet-root.--With Notes of the Month, +Reviews of New Publications, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including +Memoirs of Rear-Adm. Sir T. Fellowes, General Sir T. G. Montresor, +Lieut.-Gen. Sir Walter Gilbert, the Dean of Peterborough, Professor +Scholefield, James Roche, Esq., George Palmer, Esq., Andrew Lawson, Esq., +W. F. Lloyd, Esq., &c. &c. Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +MR. PARKER'S NEW MAGAZINE. + +THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.--NO. II. JUNE. + + CONTENTS. + 1. Public Picture Galleries. + 2. Poems by Alexander Smith. + 3. The Pawnbroker's Window. + 4. Notes and Emendations of Shakspeare. + 5. The Praeraphaelites. + 6. Social Life in Paris--_continued_. + 7. The Rappists. + 8. Colchester Castle. + 9. Cabs and Cabmen. + 10. The Lay of the Hero. + +_Price One Shilling._ + +London: JOHN HENRY PARKER. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + + "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, + 1852._ + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. + + * * * * * + + +RECORD AND LITERARY AGENCY.--The advertiser, who has had considerable +experience in topography and genealogy, begs to offer his services to those +gentlemen wishing to collect information from the Public Record Offices, in +any branch of literature, history, genealogy, or the like, but who, from an +imperfect acquaintance with the documents preserved in those depositories, +are unable to prosecute their inquiries with satisfaction. Address by +letter, prepaid, to W. H. HART, New Cross, Hatcham, Surrey. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 4, +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p. 547 "probably gave no directions about his MSS." - "give" in original + +p. 548 "The Unseen World; Communications with it, real and imaginary, &c., +1850" - date printed as 1550, corrected by subsequent Erratum note + +p. 549 "the Mexicans worshipped the cross as the god of rain" - "pain" in +the original, the quotation clearly indicates that "rain" is correct + +p. 551 "in neither of these works is there any putting forth of his power" +- "in there any" in original + +p. 553 "it is my intention to go;" - "in is my intention" in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 188, June 4, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20322.txt or 20322.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/3/2/20322/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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