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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Relação do formidavel, e lastimoso
+terremoto succedido no Reino de Valença, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Relação do formidavel, e lastimoso terremoto succedido no Reino de Valença
+       No dia 23 de Março deste presente anno de 1748 pelas 6.
+       horas, e tres quartos da manhã
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: December 6, 2006 [EBook #20042]
+
+Language: Portuguese
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RELA‡AO DO FORMIDAVEL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Rita Farinha and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team. The images for this file were generously
+made available by Biblioteca Nacional Digital
+(http://bnd.bn.pt).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Relaçaõ do formidavel, e lastimoso Terremoto succedido no Reino de
+Valença
+
+No dia 23 de Março deste presente anno de 1748 pelas 6. horas, e tres
+quartos da manhã,
+
+_E dos horrorosos estragos, e lamentaveis ruinas, que tem padecido a
+Cidade de Valença, Capital daquelle Reino, e mais Lugares
+circumvisinhos, conforme as noticias communicadas até o dia 27 do mesmo
+mez ao Capitaõ General, Arcebispo, e Intendente, e as que
+successivamente vaõ chegando á Corte de Madrid, de donde se communicaraõ
+a esta de Lisboa_.
+
+
+LISBOA.
+
+Na Officina de Francisco Luiz Ameno Impressor da Congregaçaõ Cameraria
+da S. Igreja de Lisboa.
+
+
+Anno M. DCC. XLVIII
+_Com as licenças necessarias_.
+
+
+
+
+Hum dos mais espantosos, e formidaveis instrumentos, de que a indignaçaõ
+divina usa para castigar aos homens, saõ os terremotos. He este fatal
+Meteóro hum ingrato filho da terra, que devendo a esta a sua origem, e
+nascimento, tirannamente se lhe conspira, abrindo-a em horrorosas
+cavernas, e patenteando-lhe os seus profundos interiores: he hum
+tiranno, inseparavel companheiro da morte, que precipita nas dilatadas
+sepulturas, que abre, innumeraveis vidas: hum violentissimo instrumento,
+que iguala os montes à terra, e a terra ao Abysmo; e finalmente he huma
+invisivel furia, que fórma da terra bocas para tragar os viventes, e
+darlhes a sepultura primeiro que a morte. Diversas foraõ as opinioens
+filosoficas sobre a geraçaõ deste fatal Meteóro. Seneca no primeiro
+livro das suas questoens naturaes, Melezetrio, e Anaximenes com outros
+antigos Filosofos disseraõ que os terremotos se originavaõ, quando nas
+concavidades da terra entrando alguma porçaõ grande de ar, que se
+augmente, succede fecharse a caverna por onde entrou, e porque naõ acha
+sahida, ficando violento, faz tremor. Thales Milesio, o qual affirmou,
+que a terra nadava nas aguas subterraneas, disse que o terremoto
+procedia das tempestades, que se originavaõ nas mesmas aguas. Democrito
+seguio diversa opiniaõ, porque affirmou, que o terremoto nascia da
+grande violencia, com que a agua pluvial se despenha para as
+concavidades da terra. Os Filosofos, que seguiraõ a opiniaõ de ser o
+mundo animado, ensinaraõ que este horroroso movimento naõ era mais que a
+desigual pulsaçaõ das arterias, e obturaçaõ dos meatos vitaes da terra.
+Outros escreveraõ, que nas entranhas da terra cahem pedaços disformes de
+montes por concavidades, talvez carcomidas das aguas, e que estes
+fazendo estremecer a superficie, saõ a causa do tremor. Outros se
+persuadiraõ, que a abundancia das exhalaçoens, e humidos vapores, que se
+geraõ na terra, quando saõ em tal abundancia, que parece já naõ cabem,
+buscaõ desafogo; e ou arrebenta, ou treme, ou se move a terra para os
+lançar fóra do ventre. Outros finalmente seguiraõ diversas opinioens,
+que por brevidade omittimos; porèm os Filosofos modernos, que com
+melhores luzes tem penetrado os occultos segredos da natureza, explicaõ
+melhor a geraçaõ deste Meteóro. Dizem que se origina do fogo
+subterraneo, o qual comunicandose por occultos caminhos a algumas
+cavernas cheyas de enxofre, salitre, carvaõ, e sal amoniaco as inflama,
+de que nasce promptissimamente hum fogo impetuoso, que converte em hum
+instante as materias salitrosas em vento; e como este naõ possa soffrer
+prizaõ alguma, busca com violencia a porta, que a natureza lhe negou.
+Daqui nasce impellir com furia os fundam[~e]tos dos montes, e abrindo
+brechas pelas partes, que menos lhe resistem, vencer tudo o que se lhe
+oppoem, até conseguir a natural liberdade, de que se origina o tremor da
+terra, que em taes casos se sente com tanto perigo de muitos, e horror
+de todos. Evidentemente se prova esta opiniaõ, com o que se experimenta
+nas minas, que voaõ pela violencia da polvora. Inflamase esta na occulta
+parte, que fabricou o Artifice no fundamento de huma torre, e
+appetecendo pela oppressaõ, que padece mayor lugar, disbarata tudo o que
+encontra, e fazendo tremer a terra visinha, leva pelos ares os
+edificios, que lhe embaraçavaõ a liberdade. Toda esta violencia tem a
+polvora pelo salitre misturado com enxofre, e carvaõ, de que se compoem:
+logo achandose nas concavidades da terra estes, e outros materiaes mais
+poderosos, que duvida póde haver, para que encendidos pelo fogo
+subterraneo hajaõ de fazer estes, e mayores estragos; manifestando deste
+modo a natureza a sua indignaçaõ, quando se vê privada da sua natural
+liberdade? Naõ movem os terremotos, como a experiencia nos ensina, todo
+o globo da terra, mas sim algumas particulares Regioens, o que
+horrorosamente testificaõ todos os seculos passados. Em o anno de 346.
+tendo o Imperio Constantino Arriano, padeceo Rhodes hum taõ formidavel
+terremoto, que quasi se vio toda reduzida a ruinas.[1] S[~e]tio tambem
+Roma este mesmo tremor por espaço de tres dias, e doze Cidades da Italia
+de hum só impeto se sumergiraõ. No anno de 364. morrendo o Imperador
+Constancio Arriano se desfez com hum horrivel terremoto grande parte de
+Constantinopla:[2] Honorio affirma, que do mesmo tremor se viraõ
+arruinadas muitas Cidades do Oriente. Vindo Carlos Magno no primeiro
+anno do seu Imperio à Cidade de Espoleto, houve hum terremoto taõ
+violento, que cahiraõ por terra innumeraveis edificios, e entre elles o
+tecto da Basilica de Saõ Paulo juntamente com as traves.[3] Tendo o
+Imperador Theodosio o dominio do Imperio Romano, se vio em grande
+consternaçaõ a Cidade de Constantinopla por causa de hum espantoso
+tremor de terra, que durou quatro mezes continuos.[4] Possuindo o mesmo
+Imperio Tiberio Cesar, se submergiraõ em huma noite na Asia doze Cidades
+pela violencia deste Meteóro.[5] No infausto dia de 7 de Setembro de
+1590. experimentou Vienna de Austria os crueis effeitos deste inimigo do
+mundo, abrindo-a em horriveis bocas, e prostrando em terra a torre de
+Santo Estevaõ, outra fundada na Ponte da Cidade, o Templo da Abbadia
+Escotense, e outros muitos edificios.[6] He a Italia a parte da Europa
+mais sujeita ás furias dos terremotos, como saõ testemunhas as muitas
+reliquias das Cidades arruinadas. Perseguindo os Colonnas ao Papa
+Bonifacio VIII. levantou-se por muitos dias em Italia hum taõ grande
+tremor de terra, que excedeo a todos, que vivem nas tradiçoens, e nos
+escritos.[7] Em o anno de 1456. em que descançava a Tiara Pontificia na
+cabeça de Callisto III. acommetteo a Italia outro terremoto taõ
+excessivo, que Napoles, Capua, Apulha, com Toscana, e Veneza eraõ humas
+continuas ruinas.[8] No anno de 1116. sentio Italia o mesmo mal por
+espaço de 40. dias com tanta violencia, que mudou huma Villa para outro
+Lugar pouco distante.[9] No anno de 1117. se subverteo por hum horrendo
+terremoto a Cidade de Calina em Sicilia, servindo de sepultura a muitas
+mil pessoas infelices.[10] Muitos exemplos de Cidades submergidas á
+violencia de terremotos podera narrar, se o discurso, que pede huma
+breve Relaçaõ o permitisse. Discorrera sobre as ruinas da Cidade de
+Sisinoe,[11] da Ilha de Peloponeso,[12] da Cidade de Lisimachia,[13] de
+Antiochia,[14] em cujas ruinas morreraõ 15U homens; de muitas Cidades do
+Oriente destruidas no quarto anno do Imperio de Constancio; de muitos
+Lugares, e Villas de Finicia[15]; do tremendissimo terremoto, que
+padeceo a Syria,[16] em cujo estrago perderaõ miseravelmente a vida
+muitas mil pessoas, como refere Eutropio; da lastimosa consternaçaõ, em
+que se viraõ os moradores da Cidade de Liorne do dominio do Graõ Duque
+de Toscana, no grande tremor que sentio aquella Cidade aos 17 de Janeiro
+de 1742; e finalmente da grande ruina que experimentou a Cidade de Lima
+no Reino do Peru, no anno de 1747. a quem hum grande tremor sepultou
+huma grande parte. Porèm deixo estes, e outros exemplos, que pela sua
+antiguidade ou saõ desprezados, ou naõ saõ cridos; por que este presente
+anno nos offerece hum destes estragos taõ lamentavel, que ao mesmo tempo
+nos faz lembrar, e esquecer os antigos. Este he o que experimentou o
+Reino de Valença, na sua Capital (_Valença_) e outros povos
+circumvisinhos no dia 23 de Março deste presente anno de 1748 pelas 6
+horas, e 3 quartos da manhã, segundo as noticias communicadas até o dia
+27 do mesmo mez ao Capitaõ General, Arcebispo, e Intendente, e as que
+successivamente vaõ chegando á Corte de Madrid, de donde se communicaraõ
+a esta de Lisboa. Referem estas, que no mesmo dia, e hora a cima dita
+tremêraõ todos os edificios daquella Capital por espaço pouco mais de
+hum minuto. Que a torre grande da Igreja Metropolitana da mesma Cidade
+chamada o _Micalete_ sem embargo da grande fortaleza da sua fabrica
+tremeo nove vezes, dando outros tantos golpes o badallo do sino mayor,
+cuja novidade consternou, e poz em grande perturbaçaõ a todo o povo. Que
+na antiga Cidade de _Xativa_, chamada hoje _S. Filippe_, que dista nove
+legoas da Capital, se experimentou igual tremor ao mesmo tempo, e ainda
+com mayor violencia, porque se arruinou parte do seu antigo Castello,
+ficou mui abalada, e maltratada a sumptuosa fabrica da sua Igreja
+Collegiada, em que se trabalhava havia mais de cem annos, ameaçando
+ruina a mayor parte das casas, e edificios daquelle povo. Que no
+Convento dos Mercenarios se despegou a meya laranja, e se sobverteo o
+seu claustro, e a escada. Que o dos Francìscanos Descalços ficou
+inhabitavel. Que as Religiosas de S. Clara temendo a ruina total do seu
+Convento largaraõ a clausura havendo executado o mesmo os moradores
+daquella Cidade procurando, e tomando asylo nas casas mais pobres, e
+barracas dos seus quintaes, aonde formaraõ tendas de campanha para sua
+habitaçaõ. Que na _Costera de S. Filippe_, que consta de muitos povos,
+se submergiraõ inteiramente os dous chamados _Selent_, e _Forrente de
+Boil_, sem que atégora se possa saber certamente o numero das pessoas,
+que morreraõ nelles, ficando muito maltratados os mais circumvisinhos.
+Que na Villa de _Montesa_ distante duas leguas de _S. Filippe_, situada
+na falda de huma montanha, em cuja eminencia havia hum Castello forte,
+aonde estava a Real Casa, e sagrado Convento de N. S. de Montesa, e S.
+Jorge de Alfama, se experimentou o mayor estrago, arruinando-se o
+Castello, e sepultando tres pessoas, que se achavaõ na principal torre
+delle, e a Igreja, a tempo que o Prior dava a Communhaõ aos noviços,
+morrêraõ todos em numero de 21 pessoas, e livraraõ sómente cinco, que
+estavaõ alguma cousa distantes. Alli ficou sepultado o Archivo com os
+seus importantes papeis, e documentos da Religiaõ; as preciosas
+Reliquias, ornamentos, e vasos sagrados da Igreja, sendo o mais
+lamentavel naõ se ter ainda descuberto entre as ruinas as sagradas
+fórmas, nem a Custodia, ou ambula, em que estava exposto o Senhor ao
+tempo desta ruina: e á sua proporçaõ padeceo semelhante estrago o resto
+das mais officinas. Que nos Lugares de _Anna_, _Alcantara_, _Valada_, e
+outros povos distantes se sentio o mesmo estrago, destelhando-se algumas
+casas, e arruinando-se outras, porque apenas fica Templo, nem edificio
+seguro nelles. Que na Villa de _Enguera_ se arruinou a Igreja sepultando
+ao Cura, e mais tres pessoas, que estavaõ nella. Aqui se deve advertir
+hum raro effeito da Providencia divina, e he que tendo sahido pouco
+tempo antes da dita Villa para restituirse a Valença, o Procurador do
+Convento do Soccorro da Ordem de S. Agostinho montado em hum cavallo, e
+acompanhado de hum moço de pé, em distancia de hum quarto de legua vio
+abrirse a terra, e sobverterse o criado, e immediatamente succedeo o
+mesmo ao dito Religioso, que achando-se meyo enterrado, o arrojou o
+furacaõ a huma azenha immediata, da qual sahio sem acordo, e maltratado,
+e tornando logo a buscar o moço, e o cavallo, já naõ achou sinal de
+nenhum delles, nem ainda vestigios do sitio em que os tinha perdido, por
+cuja causa voltou a _Enguera_, aonde entrou prégando penitencia, e
+contando o successo a todo o povo, que se achava em igual afflicçaõ. Que
+da Villa de _Carcagente_ se sabe que a Igreja novamente fabricada se
+abrio, e tornou logo a unir, cahindo dentro nella a grimpa do
+campanario, e o seu Cura morreo de susto. Que de _Alcira_ se sabe terem
+padecido muito os Conventos de S. Agostinho, e S. Bernardo, e a Igreja
+de S. Maria, arrancando a estatua de S. Bernardo Martyr, que era de
+pedra, de extraordinaria grandeza, que estava sobre a ponte,
+estendendo-se este damno ás mais Villas, e Lugares da ribeira de
+_Xùcar_. Que no lugar de _Chella_ se abrio a Igreja de maneira, que
+entrou o Sol dentro nella, e tornando-se a unir, ficou (ao que parece)
+boa, ainda que alguma cousa arruinada; e que abrindo-se igualmente a
+terra pela parte do rio, que passa por este lugar, sorveo a agua,
+deixando-o seco. Que _Venisa_, _Xabea_, _Calpe_, _Denia_, e _Gandia_,
+que estaõ na costa do Mediterraneo, e Poente de Valença, sem embargo da
+sua grande distancia, as comprehendeo o mesmo infortunio. Que nas Villas
+de _Murviedro_, e _Castellon de la Plana_, que estaõ na mesma costa para
+a parte do Levante, se sentio o mesmo estrago: e a Igreja dos Dominicos
+se abrio de alto abaixo, e juntamente a escada do campanario, naõ sendo
+facil por agora averiguar, quãtas sejaõ as pessoas, que tem perecido,
+nem o que importará o grande damno daquelle afflicto Reino; mas sim que
+pelo seu Capitaõ General, e Arcebispo se tem dado toda a providencia
+para implorar a divina misericordia com preces publicas, expondo as
+imagens da sua devoçaõ, e patrocinio, concorrendo para o alivio dos
+necessitados com suas esmolas; porque todavia continuava o terremoto no
+dia 27 em alguns povos, especialmente em _S. Filippe, e Montesa_. Este
+he o horrendo castigo com que Deos N. S. punio os peccados destes povos;
+e queira o mesmo Senhor que os nossos naõ experimentem o mesmo castigo;
+porque a malicia dos homens faz justificada a sua vingança.
+
+FIM.
+
+
+
+
+Notas:
+
+[1] _Sigon. lib. 5. Imper. Occid._
+
+[2] _Eutrop. lib. II._
+
+[3] _Bonvisus, l. 6 cap. 15._
+
+[4] _Paul. Diac. liv. 14._
+
+[5] _Plin. l. 2._
+
+[6] _Descrip. Vienna. Tab. 21._
+
+[7] _Platina na vida deste Papa._
+
+[8] _Sab. l. 6. Enn. 10._
+
+[9] _Bonvis. lib. 6. cap. 15_
+
+[10] _Robert. Ab. in Chron._
+
+[11] _Paus. in Cor._
+
+[12] _Diod. lib. 15._
+
+[13] _Sab. l. 8. En. 4._
+
+[14] _Sig. l. 17. Imper. Occid._
+
+[15] _Strab. lib. 11_
+
+[16] _Eutr op. lib. 10._
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Relação do formidavel, e lastimoso
+terremoto succedido no Reino de Valença, by Anonymous
+
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