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diff --git a/19807.txt b/19807.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c1212a --- /dev/null +++ b/19807.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2687 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages, by +John Summerfield + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages + To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words + +Author: John Summerfield + +Release Date: November 14, 2006 [EBook #19807] +Last Updated: July 22, 2010 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GRAMMAR OF THE CHIPPEWAY *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, C. J. Lippert, David Starner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: + +This is an updated version of an e-text originally produced in November +2006; see end of text for additions and corrections. + +The e-text consists of two separately published books: + + _Spellings for the Schools in the Chipeway Language_ + _Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Language_ + +In the first book (Spellings...), the hyphen - is used to separate +syllables. In the second book (Grammar...) the hyphen seems to +represent the glottal stop. + +In the word lists of the first book, the first entry in each column was +sometimes-- but not consistently-- capitalized. This capitalization has +been retained, whether or not the e-text layout replicates the original. + +A few punctuation marks in the paradigms and vocabulary lists have been +supplied or regularized. Other errors and anomalies are listed at the +end of the e-text. Bracketed text is in the original unless otherwise +noted.] + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + + Spellings for the Schools + in the + _CHIPEWAY LANGUAGE._ + + + Ah-ne-she-nah-pay, Oo-te-ke-too-we-nun; + Kah-ke-ke-noo-ah-mah-ween-twah e-kewh, + Ka-nah-wah-pahn-tah-gigk Mah-ze-nah-e-kun. + + + YORK, U. CANADA: + Printed for the Canada Conference Missionary Society. + 1828 + + + + + A B C D E F G + H I J K L M N + O P Q R S T U + V W X Y Z + + a b c d e f g h i j + k l m n o p q r s + t u v w x y z & + + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + 9 0 , ; : . ? ! - + + + + +SPELLINGS. + +_Words of one Syllable._ + + Kah Neeje Squahch + nah keeje shwahs + sah weeje quaich + wah moose paske + keene koose kaugk + neene noose mongk + weene meezhe shongk + meene peezhe jeese + owh neezhe aahe + howh weezhe tdush + ewh moozhe + + +_Words of two Syllables accented on the second._ + + Ah keh ah toon me nick + ah keeng e mah me quom + ah kik e kewh me zeh + ah mik e newh me squeh + ahn doohm e qua me tigk + ah nungk I yahdt nah maih + ah owh kah yawsk ne gigk + ah pa ke tahn ne peh + ah pweh ke quis ne peeng + ah sin ke nwazhe ne sing + ah tick mah quah + + +_Words of two Syllables, accented on the second._ + + Ne sweh oo ninje qui yuck + oo chawzhe oon taus shing quawk + oo kaudt oo pin shing koub + oo kowh oo saum shing kaugk + oo kun Oo zidt tah zheh + oo mah oo skonzhe te pigk + oo nick oo taih wah zhusk + + +_Words of two syllables accented on the 1st & 2nd._ + + Ah zheh ke kooh me kaunce + a shkum ke zhick me nance + a sance ke zis me quaich + a squach ki ya me quon + a tah koo koosh me tdush + a yaudt mah che me owh + a zheh mah kuk me zhusk + che mon mah mick nah nindt + che pywh mah noo na kowh + kah che mahn tdah na yaub + ka kate ma quah ne win + ka gooh me chim ning kah + ke kah me kun + + +_Words of three syllables accented on the 1st & 2nd._ + + noo sa poo neh wa quain + noo tdin se peh wau poose + noo tding sah keh we kah + noong koom sau kie we nin + oo jee she shebe we yause + pah mah tain ta we pidt + pa kah wa nain ween sah + pe toon + + +_Words of three Syllables, accented on the second and third._ + + Ah je chaugk ah zhoo gun nah kah mooh + ah kah mingk a me quahn ne zhe kaih + ah neen teh a yah chick oo me meh + ah ne moosh a yah yun oo nah kun + ah ne peesh a zhah yun oo ne shkaudt + ah noo kee ka yah peh oo que son + ah pa kish mah ke sin oon tah shahn + ah quing koos mah ne toonce oo ske zhick + ah she kun mah ne toosh oo se tongk + ah wah kahn mah ske moodt pe je nuck + ah wa seeh me ke seh shah wain tung + ah yah pa me sah owh shah wa nim + + +_Words of three Syllables, accented on the second and half accent + on the third._ + + E nah shka mah noo min me she nuck + e qua sance me quain tun me tig koonce + e shkoo ta me sah poose mun tah min + ke na pigk me she min nah ma koos + ke noo zhai me she kaih nah ma pin + + +_Words of three Syllables accented on the first and third._ + + Pah ke tin + wau be gun + wau bah maudt + wau be min + + +_Words of three syllables accented on the last._ + + Ah nah quodt ke she kuck pe pah kim + e we te ko se non pe she keh + ing koo che me nah wah sah ke maih + ing koo twaus me ne zis sah ke toodt + ish pe ming me ze saih se wah quahn + ka ah koo moo koo mon shah kah nosh + kah kah keh mun ne too shong qua sheh + kah nah ka mun ne toogk shoo ne yah + kah ke nick nah koo shah tah be schooch + kah ke nah nah too way tah que shin + kah shah kance neen ah windt ta pain tungk + kah sah meh ne se tum ta pwa tungk + kah moo keede ning ke che tain ta seh + kah we kah noo se non wah ne toodt + ka ka keh nowh ah quay wah wah noon + ka koo weene oo che pway wa koo nain + ka ke quait oo ke mah wa wa neh + ke me wun oo me squeem weje e shin + ke nah wah pah pah say wig ke waum + ke ke che pe me zeh we nah wah + ke she kudt pe na sheeh we wah quahn + + +_Words of four syllables, accented on the second and fourth._ + + Ah chit ah mooh oo mah kah keh + ah kuck koo jeesh oo mong ke zheh + ah sun ah kooh oo tah pe nick + ah wah se seh oo tah pe nun + e nah pe yook oo ta e min + ke pah e kun oo que se mon + ke pim oo say oo wig ke waum + ke tah e kun pah ske se gun + me squah ta seh she kah kah winzhe + ne pwah kah win ta pwa tah wick + ne wah pah tahn wah oo na seh + oo ka yah wis + + +_Words of four syllables accented on the sixth._ + + Ah quah tah sheeh na pwah kah chick + ah se ke nauk pah kah ah quaih + ah zhah wah maig too too shah boo + ain tah che yungk waug ke koo mon + ke zhe tah yook wah wah ska sheh + maun nah ta nis + + +_Words of five syllables, a full accent on the last, and half accent + on the second._ + + Ah kin tah soo win neeng ke te mah kis + ah nah me ah win ne skah te se win + ah ne she nah pay nin tah wa mah took + ah quah ne pe sahn ne te ke koo took + ah sin ne se kah oo kah ke qua win + ke moo te schke win oo zhe pe e kun + ke nah we schke win pah kun te se win + mah ze nah e kun pah pah ke wah yahn + me ne te we nun shah wa ne te win + me skoo te se min sah ke e te win + me tig quah ke zin ween tah mah we shin + mon nain e te win we too kah we shin + ne kah ne se took + + +_Words of five syllables, accented on the first, the third and last._ + + Pa zhe go kah zhee + peen tah kah ta waun + oo ke mah we win + oo te ke too win + she pe koo pah tick + wah ne squa se win + + +_Accented on the two first and last._ + + Too toosh pim me tay + + +_Words of six syllables accented on the third and last._ + + Kah ke pah te se win + kah ke qua we ne neh + kah nah wah pa me shin + kah nah wa ne me shin + mah noo min e ka zheeh + mah kah ta e ne neh + e she wa pe se win + ta pwa yain tah moo win + + +_Accented on the second and last._ + + Ke too ke mah me non + kah ke pah te se win + na nahn tah we e waidt + oo mah ze nah e kun + wah wah pe ko noo jeeh + + +_Accented on the third and two last._ + + ka ke noo ah mah kaidt + mah che ah ye e wish + ah koo koo pe nah gun + ah wah che wun nah gun + + +_Accented on the 4th and last._ + + Ahn e me tah koo zin. + + +THE LORD'S PRAYER. + +_Ke-sha-mun-ne-too Oo-que-son Oo-tah-nu-me-tah-koo-se-win._ + +Neeng-ke-che noo-se-non, Ish-pe-ming a-yah-yun. +Ka-che-mun-ne-too-we-ne-kah-soo-yun. Ke-ke-che-ke-too-ke-mah-we-win +pe-tah-we-she-nom. A-na-ne-me-wong-kane oo-mah-ke-zhe ah-keeng +ne-kah-e-she-wa-pe-se-min; tah-pe-schooch a-she-wa-buk e-we-ty +Ish-pe-ming. Me-she-she-nom ka-ne-tah-soo ke-she-kuk me-chim +pe-mah-te-se-win. Ki-ya pa-kah-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom +che-sah-ke-che-wa-pe-nah-mah-we-yong mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish, +nah-sahb-e-koo a-she shah-wa-ne-mong-ke-twah oo-kooh +kah-pah-tah-e-yah-me-ke-chik, ki-ya keen e-she-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom. +Ka-goo we-kah ing-koo-chee ah-ne-e-she-we-she-she-kah-kane +che-nah-ne-sah-ne-se-yong; mah-noo sah-koo kah-ke-nah +shah-koo-te-nah-mah-we-she-nom mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish. +Keen-mah-ween ke te-pain-tahn ke-che-oo-ke-mah-we-win, +ki-ya euh ke-che-e-she-wa-pe-se-win, ki-ya euh ah-nah-me-ah-win +ka-che-me-nwa-tah-quok, kah-ke-nik ki-ya kah-ke-nik.--Amen. + + +GRACE BEFORE MEAT. + +Ah-noo-shoo-tah-mah-ka-win, che-pwah-we-se-ningk. + +O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too Ish-pe-ming a-yah-yun, Shah-wain-tah-mah-we-she-nom +mahn-tdah me-chim-pe-mah-te-se-win, kah-pah-ke-te-nah-mah-we-yongk; +me-tdush ka-oon-je-mah-skah-we-se-yongk che-ah-noo-ke-tah-koo yun; +me-owh Jesus Christ a-spa-ne-moo-yongk. Amen. + + +GRACE AFTER MEAT. + +Ah-noo-shoo-tah-mah-ka-win, kah-e-squah, we-se-ningk. + +O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too, neeng-keche Noo-se-non, me-quaich wa-wa-neh +kah-we-se-ne-yongk noo-koom, ki-ya ain-tah-soo-ke-she-kuck +shah-wain-ne-me-yongk; me-sah-owh Jesus Christ kah-ke-nigk +ka-ah-pa-ne-moo-yongk. Amen. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + + Sketch of Grammar + of the + CHIPPEWAY LANGUAGE, + + To Which Is Added a Vocabulary + of some of the most common Words. + + By JOHN SUMMERFIELD, + alias, + SAHGAHJEWAGAHBAHWEH. + + Cazenovia: + PRESS OF J. F. FAIRCHILD & SON. + 1834. + + + + +ADVERTISEMENT. + +The following pages were written as an exercise for my leisure hours, +while attending the Oneida Conference Seminary during the past winter. +As it is the first attempt that, to my knowledge, has ever been made to +reduce the Chippeway language to any system, it cannot be expected to be +otherwise than imperfect, and perhaps may hereafter be found to be, in +some respects, erroneous. It is, however, as free from errors as my +present means have enabled me to make it. It has been printed at the +request of my friends, by a fellow student, at his own suggestion and +expense. + +J. SUMMERFIELD. + +Cazenovia, April 10, 1834. + + + + +SKETCH OF GRAMMAR, &c. + + +The Letters used in the Chippeway Language, are twenty-one, viz. +A, a; B, b; C, c; D, d; E, e; G, g; H, h; I, i; J, j; K, k; M, m; N, n; +O, o; P, p; Q, q; S, s; T, t; U, u; W, w; Y, y; Z, z. F, L, R, V, and X, +are not used. + +There are, in the Chippeway Language, ten parts of Speech, namely, +the _article_, the _noun_, the _pronoun_, the _adjective_, the _verb_, +the _participle_, the _adverb_, the _preposition_, the _conjunction_, +and the _interjection_. + + +OF THE ARTICLE. + +There is but one Article, used definitely both in the masculine and +neuter genders, viz. Owh, the, m.; Ewh, the, n. + + +OF NOUNS. + +A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing; as, Eneneh, man; +Kahdahnahqueeng, Kingston; metig, tree. + +Nouns are of two sorts, Common and Proper. + +Common Nouns stand for kinds containing many sorts, or for sorts +containing many individuals under them; as, Ahwaseeh, animal; eneneh, +man; kegownh, fish; penaseh, bird. + +Proper Nouns are the names appropriated to individuals, as, Charles, +Cazenovia, Ganges. [N.B. Proper names, with a few exceptions, are the +same as in English.] + +To Nouns belong gender, person, number, and case. + +GENDER. + +Gender is the distinction of nouns with regard to sex. + +Nouns have three genders, the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter. + +The masculine gender denotes males; as, Eneneh, man. + +The feminine gender is applied to animals, fishes, and birds; as, +Nahbak, a she bear, &c. + +The neuter gender denotes things without sex; as, Wewahquon, a hat. + +NUMBER. + +Number is the distinction of objects as one or more. + +Nouns are of two numbers, the singular and the plural. + +The singular number implies but one object; as, Mahzenahegun, a book. + +The plural number implies more than one; as, Mahzhenahegahnun, books. + +CASE. + +Nouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and the +objective. + +The nominative case simply expresses the name of a thing, &c.; +as, Owh quewesanceoobahkahmegezeh, the boy plays. + +The possessive case expresses the relation of property or possession, +and always ends with the letter _o_; as, Noosayo wegewaum, my father's +house. + +The objective case expresses the object of an action or of relation; +as John owejeahn Charles, John assists Charles. + +Nouns may be declined in the following manner: + + Singular. Plural. + _Nom. Case_, Eneneh, man. Enenewug, men. + _Poss. Case_, Eneneho, man's. Enenewugo, men's. + _Obj. Case_, Eneneh, man. Enenewug, men. + + +OF PRONOUNS. + +A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the same +word; as, Pahpenatum eneneh, the man is happy; Pahpenatum, he is happy. + +PERSONAL PRONOUNS. + +There are three personal pronouns, viz. Neen, I; keen, thou; ween, he; +with their plurals, Nenahwind, we; kenahwah, ye or you; wenahwah, they. + +Personal pronouns have person, number, gender and case. + +The persons of pronouns are three in each number, viz. + + Neen, I, is the first person, } + Keen, thou, is the second person, } Singular. + Ween, he, is the third person, } + Nenahwind, we, is the first person, } + Kenahwah, you, is the second person, } Plural. + Wenahwah, they, is the third person, } + +_Number._--Pronouns have two numbers, the singular and the plural. + +_Case._--Pronouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and +the objective. + +Pronouns cannot be declined. The cases of each person have the same +form. + + First person. _Singular._ _Plural._ + _Nom._ Neen, I. Nenahwind, we. + _Poss._ Neen, mine. Nenahwind, ours. + _Obj._ Neen, me. Nenahwind, us. + + +OF ADJECTIVES. + +An Adjective is a word added to a noun to express its quality; as, +quahnoj eneneh, a good man; menwawezheh eneneh, an industrious man. + +Adjectives are not varied to agree with their nouns, nor do they have +any regular comparison. + +The following is a list of Numeral Adjectives: + + Pazhick, 1 + Neezhe, 2 + Nesweh, 3 + Newin, 4 + Nahnun, 5 + Ingoodwahsweh, 6 + Neswahsweh, 7 + Shahsweh, 8 + Shongsweh, 9 + Metahsweh, 10 + Metahsweh ahshepazhick, 11 + ---- ahsheneezhe, 12 + ---- ahshenesweh, 13 + ---- ahshenewin, 14 + ---- ahshenahnun, 15 + ---- ahsheingoodwahsweh, 16 + ---- ahsheneswahsweh, 17 + ---- ahsheswahsweh, 18 + ---- ahsheshongsweh, 19 + Nestahnah, 20 + Nestahnah ahshepachick, 21 + ---- ahsheneezhe, 22 + ---- ahshenesweh, 23 + ---- ahshenewin, 24 + ---- ahshenahnun, 25 + ---- ahsheingoodwahsweh, 26 + ---- ahsheneswahsweh, 27 + ---- ahsheshahsweh, 28 + ---- ahsheshongsweh, 29 + Nesemetahnah, 30 + Nemedahnah, 40 + Nahnemedahnah, 50 + Ingoodwahsemedahnah, 60 + Neswahsemedahnah, 70 + Swahsemedahnah, 80 + Shonggahswehmedahnah, 90 + Ingoodwak, 100 + Nezhwak, 200 + Neswak, 300 + Newak, 400 + Nahnwak, 500 + Ingoodwahswak, 600 + Nezhahswak, 700 + Shawhswak, 800 + Shongahswak, 900 + Medahswak, 1000 + Neezhemedahswak, 2000 + Medahswehdahswak, 10,000 + Nestahnahdahswak, 20,000 + Nemedahnahdahswak, 40,000 + + +OF VERBS. + +A Verb is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer; as, +Nedahyah, I am; Nedebahkoonewa, I rule; Nedebahkoonegoo, I am ruled. + +Verbs are of three kinds, active, passive, and neuter. + +A Verb Active expresses an action, and necessarily implies an agent +and an object acted upon; as, Nezhahgeah James, I love James. + +A Verb Passive expresses passion or a suffering or the receiving of an +action, and implies an object acted upon, and an agent by which it is +acted upon; as, Chezhahwaneding, to be loved; John oojezhahwanemah +neen, John is loved by me. + +A Verb Neuter expresses neither action nor passion, but being or a +state of being; as, Nenebah, I sleep; Nenahmahdub, I sit. + +Verbs have number, person, mood and tense. + +NUMBER AND PERSON. + +Verbs have two numbers, the singular and the plural. + +There are three persons in each number; as, + + Pers. _Singular._ _Plural._ + 1. Nezhahwanega, I love. Nezhahwanegamin, we love. + 2. Kezhahwanega, thou lovest. Kezhahwanegaim, you love. + 3. Zhawanega, he loves. Zhahwanegawug, they love. + +MOOD. + +The moods are five, Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Potential, and +the Infinitive. + +The Indicative declares or affirms positively, or it asks a question; +as, Zhahwanega, he loves; Zhahwaneganah? Does he love? + +The Subjunctive expresses action or passion in a doubtful manner; +as, Kespin zhahwanegaid, if he loves. + +The Imperative is used for commanding, exhorting, and entreating; +as, Mahjahn keen, depart thou; Noodahmooyook, do thou listen. + +The Potential implies possibility, liberty, power, will; as, +Tahgemewan kahnahbuge, it may rain; Kegahwesenemin kiya kahmenequamin, +we shall eat and drink. + +The Infinitive simply expresses the signification of the verb; +as, Cheezechegang, to do; Chegegedoong, to speak. + +TENSE. + +Verbs have six tenses, the present, the imperfect, the perfect, the +pluperfect, the first and second future tenses. + +The present tense represents a present action as taking place at the +time in which it is mentioned; as, Nebop, I laugh; Newob, I see; +Nedenadum, I think. + +The imperfect tense denotes past action or event however distant, +finished, but without defining the exact time of its completion; +as, Oodanongezahbahneeg ahpe naquaskahwod, they were travelling to +the town when he met them. + +The perfect tense refers not only to what is past but also conveys +an allusion to the present time; as, Ahzheh negegezhetoon +nemahzhenahegun, I have finished my letter. + +The pluperfect tense represents a thing, not only as past, but also +as prior to some other point of time specified in the sentence; +as, Ahzehnegegezhetonahbun letter chebwabedahgweshing, I had finished +my letter before he arrived. + +The first future tense represents the action as yet to come, either +with or without respect to the precise time when; as, Owh kezis +tahbemookahum wahbung, the sun will rise to-morrow. + +The second future tense represents a future action that will be +accomplished before another future action; as, Negahwesenenahbun +nahwahquaig, I shall have dined at twelve o'clock. + +A Verb is conjugated in the following manner: + +TO LOVE.--Indicative Mood. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Sing._ 1. Nezhahwanega, I love. + 2. Kezhahwanega, Thou lovest. + 3. Zhahwanega, He loves. + _Plur._ 1. Nezhahwanegamin, We love. + 2. Kezhahwanegaim, Ye or you love. + 3. Zhahwanegawug, They love. + +_Imperfect._ + + _Sing._ 1. Negezhahwanega, I loved. + 2. Kegezhahwanega, Thou lovedst. + 3. Kezhahwanega, He loved. + _Plur._ 1. Negezhahwanegamin, We loved. + 2. Kegezhahwanegaim, Ye or you loved. + 3. Kezhawanegawug, They loved. + +_Perfect._ + + _Sing._ 1. Ahzehnegezhahwanega, I have loved. + 2. Ahzehkegezhahwanega, Thou hast loved. + 3. Ahzehkezhahwanega, He has loved. + _Plur._ 1. Ahzehnegezhahwanegamin, We have loved. + 2. Ahzehkegezhahwanegaim, Ye or you have loved. + 3. Ahzehkezhahwanegawug, They have loved. + +_Pluperfect._ + + _Sing._ 1. Ahzehnegezhahwaneganahbun, I had loved. + 2. Ahzehkegezhahwaneganahbun, Thou hadst loved. + 3. Ahzehkezhahwanegabun, He had loved. + _Plur._ 1. Ahzehnegezhawanegaminahbun, We had loved. + 2. Ahzehkegezhahwanegamwahbun, You had loved. + 3. Ahzehkezhahwanegabahneeg, They had loved. + +_First Future._ + + _Sing._ 1. Negahzhahwanega, I shall or will love. + 2. Kegahzhahwanega, Thou shalt or wilt love. + 3. Tahzhahwanega, He shall or will love. + _Plur._ 1. Negahzhahwanegamin, We shall or will love. + 2. Kegahzhahwanegaim, You shall or will love. + 3. Tahzhahwanegawug, They shall or will love. + +_Second Future._ + + _Sing._ 1. Negahzhahwaneganahbun, I shall have loved. + 2. Kegahzhahwaneganahbun, Thou wilt have loved. + 3. Tahzhahwanegabun, He will have loved. + _Plur._ 1. Negahzhahwanegaminahbun, We shall have loved. + 2. Kegahzhahwanegamwahbun, You will have loved. + 3. Tahzhahwanegabahneeg, They will have loved. + +IMPERATIVE MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Sing._ 1. Tahgahneenegazhahwanega, Let me love. + 2. Zhahwanegain, or } Love thou, or do thou love. + Kezhahwaneganah, } + 3. Tahgahween tahzhahwanega, Let him love. + + _Plur._ 1. Tahgahnenahwind } Let us love. + gahzhahwanegamin, } + 2. Zhahwanegayook, or } Love ye or you, or + Kezhahwanegaimnah, } do you love. + 3. Tahgahwenahwah } Let them love. + tahzhahwanegawug, } + +POTENTIAL MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Sing._ 1. Nedahzhahwanega, I may love. + 2. Kedahzhahwanega, Thou mayest love. + 3. Tahzhahwanega, He may love. + _Plur._ 1. Nedahzhahwanegamin, We may love. + 2. Kedahzhahwanegaim, You may love. + 3. Tahzhahwanegawug. They may love. + +_Imperfect Tense._ + + _Sing._ 1. Nedahgezhahwanega, I might love. + 2. Kedahgezhahwanega, Thou mightest love. + 3. Tahgezhahwanega, He might love. + _Plur._ 1. Nedahgezhahwanegamin, We might love. + 2. Kedahgezhahwanegaim, You might love. + 3. Tahgezhahwanegawug, They might love. + +_Perfect Tense._ + + _Sing._ 1. Nedahgewezhahwanega, I may have loved. + 2. Kedahgewezhahwanega, Thou mayst have loved. + 3. Tahgewezhahwanega, He may have loved. + _Plur._ 1. Nedahgewezhahwanegamin, We may have loved. + 2. Kedahgewezhahwanegaim, You may have loved. + 3. Tahgewezhahwanegawug, They may have loved. + +_Pluperfect Tense._ + + _Sing._ 1. Nedahgewezhahwaneganahbun, I might have loved. + 2. Kedahgewezhahwaneganahbun, Thou mightest have loved. + 3. Tahgewezhahwanegabun, He might have loved. + _Plur._ 1. Nedahgewezhahwanegaminahbun, We might have loved. + 2. Kedahgewezhahwanegamwahbun, You might have loved. + 3. Tahgewezhahwanegabahneeg, They might have loved. + +SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Sing._ Kespin zhahwanegayaun, If I love. + Kespin zhahwanegayun, If thou lovest. + Kespin zhahwahnegaid, If he loves. + _Plur._ Kespin zhahwanegayong, If we love. + Kespin zhahwanegayaig, If you love. + Kespin zhahwanegawod, If they love. + +INFINITIVE MOOD. + + _Pres._ Chezhahwanegang, To love. + _Perf._ Chegezhahwanegang, To have loved. + _Fut._ Ahyegwahwezhahwanegang, To be about to love. + +PARTICIPLES. + + _Present,_ Zhahwaneding, Loving. + _Perfect,_ Zhahwanemind, Loved. + + +Conjugation of the Verb TO BE. + +INDICATIVE MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Sing._ Nedahyah, I am. + Kedahyah, Thou art. + Ahyah, He is. + _Plur._ Nedahyahmin, We are. + Kedahyaum, Ye or you are. + Ahyahwug, They are. + +_Imperfect Tense._ + + _Sing._ Nedahyahnahbun, I was. + Kedahyahnahbun, Thou wast. + Ahyahbun, He was. + _Plur._ Nedahyahmenahbun, We were. + Kedahyahmwahbun, You were. + Ahyahbahneeg, They were. + +_Perfect Tense._ + + _Sing._ Negeahyahnahbun, I have been. + Kegeahyahnahbun, Thou hast been. + Keahyahbun, He has been. + _Plur._ Negeahyahmin, We have been. + Kegeahyaum, You have been. + Keahyahwug, They have been. + +_Pluperfect Tense._ + + _Sing._ Nedahgeweahyahnahbun, I had been. + Kedahgeweahyahnahbun, Thou hadst been. + Keweahyahbun, He had been. + _Plur._ Nedahgeweahyahmin, We had been. + Kedahgeweahyaum, You had been. + Keahyahbahneeg, They had been. + +_First Future Tense._ + + _Sing._ Negahahyah, I shall be. + Kegahahyah, Thou wilt be. + Tahahyah, He will be. + _Plur._ Negahahyahmin, We shall be. + Kegahahyaum, You will be. + Tahahyahwug, They will be. + +_Second Future Tense._ + + _Sing._ Negahgeahyahnahbun, I shall have been. + Kegahgeahyahnahbun, Thou wilt have been. + Tahgeahyahbun, He will have been. + _Plur._ Negahgeahyahmenahbun, We shall have been. + Kegahgeahyahmwahbun, You will have been. + Tahgeahyahbahneeg, They will have been. + +IMPERATIVE MOOD. + + _Sing._ Tahgahnenegahahyah, Let me be. + Ahyaun kegeahyahun, Be thou or do thou be. + Tahgahweendahahyah, Let him be. + _Plur._ Tahgahnenahwindnegahahyahmin, Let us be. + Ahyahyook, Be ye or you or do you be. + Tahgahdahahyahwug, Let them be. + +POTENTIAL MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Koonemah-nedahahyah, I may be. + Koonemah-kedahahyah, Thou mayst be. + Koonemah-dahahyah, He may be. + _Plural._ + Koonemah-nedahahyahmin, We may be. + Koonemah-kedahahyaum, You may be. + Koonemah-dahahyahwug, They may be. + +_Imperfect Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Koonemah-nedahgeahyah, I might be. + Koonemah-kedahgeahyah, Thou mightest be. + Koonemah-tahgeahyah, He might be. + _Plural._ + Koonemah-nedahgeahyahmin, We might be. + Koonemah-kedahgeahyaum, You might be. + Koonemah-tahgeahyahwug, They might be. + +_Perfect Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Koonemah-nedahgeahyahnahbun, I may have been. + Koonemah-kedahgeahyahnahbun, Thou mayst have been. + Koonemah-tahgeahyahbun, He may have been. + _Plural._ + ---- nedahgeahyahminnahbun, We may have been. + ---- kedahgeahyahmwahbun, You may have been. + ---- tahgeahyahbahneeg, They may have been. + +_Pluperfect Tense._ + + _Singular._ + ---- nedahgeweahyahnahbun, I might have been. + ---- kedahgeweahyahnahbun, Thou mightest have been. + ---- tahgeweahyahbun, He might have been. + _Plural._ + ---- nedahgeweahgahmenanbun, We might have been. + ---- kedahgeweahyahmwahbun, You might have been. + ---- tahgeweahyahbahneeg, They might have been. + +SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Sing._ Kespin ahyahyaun, If I be. + Kespin ahyahyun, If thou be. + Kespin ahyaud, If he be. + _Plur._ Kespin ahyahyong, If we be. + Kespin ahyahyaig, If you be. + Kespin ahyahwaud, If they be. + +_Imperfect Tense._ + + _Sing._ Kespin ahyahyahbaun, If I were. + Kespin ahyahyahbun, If thou wert. + Kespin ahyahpun, If he were. + _Plur._ Kespin ahyahyongebun, If we were. + Kespin ahyahyaigoobun, If you were. + Kespin ahyahwahpun, If they were. + +INFINITIVE MOOD. + + _Present._ Cheahyong, To be. + _Perfect._ Chegeahyong, To have been. + +PARTICIPLES. + + _Pres._ Ahyong, Being. + _Perf._ Ahyod, Been. + + +Conjugation of the Passive Verb TO BE LOVED. + +INDICATIVE MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Nezhahwanemegoo, I am loved. + Kezhahwanemegoo, Thou art loved. + Zhahwanemah, He is loved. + _Plural._ + Nezhahwanemegoomin, We are loved. + Kezhahwanemegoom, You are loved. + Zhahwanemahwug, They are loved. + +_Imperfect._ + + _Singular._ + Nezhahwanemegoonahbun, I was loved. + Kezhahwanemegoonahbun, Thou wast loved. + Zhahwanemahbun, He was loved. + _Plural._ + Nezhahwanemegoomenahbun, We were loved. + Kezhahwanemegoomwahbun, You were loved. + Zhahwanemahbahneeg, They were loved. + +_Perfect._ + + _Singular._ + Negezhahwanemegoo, I have been loved. + Kegezhahwanemegoo, Thou hast been loved. + Kezhahwanemah, He has been loved. + _Plural._ + Negezhahwanemegoomin, We have been loved. + Kegezhahwanemegoom, You have been loved. + Kezhahwanemahwug, They have been loved. + +_Pluperfect._ + + _Singular._ + Negezhahwanemegoonahbun, I had been loved. + Kegezhahwanemegoonahbun, Thou hadst been loved. + Kezhahwanemahbun, He had been loved. + _Plural._ + Negezhahwanemegoomenahbun, We had been loved. + Kegezhahwanemegoomwahbun, You had been loved. + Kezhahwanemahbahneeg, They had been loved. + +_First Future._ + + _Singular._ + Negahzhahwanemegoo, I shall be loved. + Kegahzhahwanemegoo, Thou wilt be loved. + Tazhahwanemah, He will be loved. + _Plural._ + Negahzhahwanemegoomin, We shall be loved. + Kegahzhahwanemegoom, You will be loved. + Tahzhahwanemahwug, They will be loved. + +_Second Future._ + + _Singular._ + Negahgezhahwanemegoo, I shall have been loved. + Kegahgezhahwanemegoo, Thou wilt have been loved. + Tahgezhahwanemah, He will have been loved. + _Plural._ + Negahgezhahwanemegoomin, We shall have been loved. + Kegahgezhahwanemegoom, You will have been loved. + Tahgezhahwanemahwug, They will have been loved. + +IMPERATIVE MOOD. + + _Singular._ + Tahgahnenegah zhahwanemegoo, Let me be loved. + Tahgahkegah zhahwanemegoo, Be thou loved or do thou be loved. + Tahgahween tahzhahwanemah, Let him be loved. + _Plural._ + Tahgahnenahwind } Let us be loved. + negahzhahwanemegoomin, } + Tahgahkenahwah kahzhahwanemegoom, Be you loved or do you be loved. + Tahgahwenahwah tahzhahwanemahwug, Let them be loved. + +POTENTIAL MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Nedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoo, I may be loved. + Kedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoo, Thou mayest be loved. + Tahkoonemahzhahwanemah, He may be loved. + _Plural._ + Nedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoomin, We may be loved. + Kedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoom, You may be loved. + Tahkoonemahzhahwanemahwug, They may be loved. + +_Imperfect Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Nedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoo, I might be loved. + Kedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoo, Thou mightest be loved. + Tahgekoonemahzhahwanemah, He might be loved. + _Plural._ + Nedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoomin, We might be loved. + Kedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoom, You might be loved. + Tahgekoonemahzhahwanemahwug, They might be loved. + +_Perfect Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoo, I may have been loved. + Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoo, Thou mayest have been loved. + Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemah, He may have been loved. + _Plural._ + Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomin, We may have been loved. + Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoom, You may have been loved. + Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahwug, They may have been loved. + +_Pluperfect Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoonahbun, I might have been loved. + Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoonahbun, Thou mightest have + been loved. + Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahbun, He might have been loved. + _Plural._ + Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomenahbun, We might have been loved. + Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomwahbun, You might have been loved. + Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahbahneeg, They might have been loved. + +SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. + +_Present Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Kespin zhahwanemegooyaun, If I be loved. + Kespin zhahwanemegooyun, If thou be loved. + Kespin zhahwanemind, If he be loved. + _Plural._ + Kespin zhahwanemegooyong, If we be loved. + Kespin zhahwanemegooyaig, If you be loved. + Kespin zhahwanemindwah, If they be loved. + +_Imperfect Tense._ + + _Singular._ + Kespin zhahwanemegooyahbaun, If I were loved. + Kespin zhahwanemegooyahbun, If thou wert loved. + Kespin zhahwanemindebun, If he were loved. + _Plural._ + Kespin zhahwanemegooyonggebun, If we were loved. + Kespin zhahwanemegooyaiggoobun, If you were loved. + Kespin zhahwanemindwahbun, If they were loved. + +INFINITIVE MOOD. + + _Present._ Chezhahwanemegoong, To be loved. + _Perfect._ Chegezhahwanemegoong, To have been loved. + +PARTICIPLES. + + _Present._ Zhahwanemegoong, Being loved. + _Perfect._ Zhahwanemind, Loved. + + +OF PARTICIPLES. + +A Participle is a word derived from a Verb, and has the nature of a verb +and also of an adjective. + +Verbs have two participles, the present and the perfect. + +The present participle denotes action or being continued, but not +finished. It generally ends in _ing_, _eng_, or _g_; as, Tebahkooneding, +Ruling, &c. + +The perfect participle denotes action or being, finished. This can also +be distinguished by its ending in _ed_ or _d_; as Pahpid, laughed; +Shoshomequanid, smiled. + + +OF ADVERBS. + +An Adverb is a word used to modify the sense of a verb, &c.; as, Kagate +quahnoj eneneh, a truly good man. + +List of Adverbs: + +1. Ingooding, once; neshing, twice; nesing, thrice. + +2. Netum, first; Esquache, lastly. + +3. Omah, here; ahnedeh, where; negoojee, somewhere; kahweenegoojee, +nowhere; ishpeming nahkayah, upward; nesahye-ee nahkayah, downward; +esquayong nahkayah, backward; negaun nahkayah, forward, &c. + +4. Noogoom, now; chekezheguk, to-day; mawezhah, long ago; pejenahgooh, +yesterday; noomahyah, lately; wahbung, to-morrow; bahmah, by and by; +kahmahsheh, not yet; kahyahsekah, instantly; waweeb, immediately. + +5. Pahgee, little; ahneenmenik, how much. + +6. Koonemah, perhaps; mekahweh, perchance. + +7. Kagate, verily; aahe, yes, &c. + +8. Kah, no; kahweengahnahga, not at all. + +9. Ahneen, how; ahneeshnah, why; ahnahpe, when. + +10. Nahwuj, more; kagahkoo, most. + + +OF PREPOSITIONS. + +Prepositions serve to connect words with one another and to show the +relation between them; as, Cazenove angkeojemahjahkezhodt York, he went +from Cazenovia to York. + +List of Prepositions: + +Pahzhejahye-ee, over; ahnahmahye-ee, under; shepahye-ee, through; +ishpeming, above; nesahye-ee, below; keoonjee, from; peoonjee, from; +ahwashema, beyond; chegahye-ee, near; negaun, before; Ishquayong, +behind; wahsah, off; oogejahye-ee, on or upon; magwaahye-ee, among; +ahzheh, after; ahpahgahjeahye-ee, against; ahgahmahye-ee, across; +kewetahye-ee, around; nahwahye-ee, amidst; enahkayah, toward, &c. + + +OF CONJUNCTIONS. + +A Conjunction is a word used to connect sentences, so as out of two to +make one. + +Conjunctions are of two sorts, the Copulative and the Disjunctive. + +The following are some of the Conjunctions: + +_Cop._ Kiya, and; Kespin, if; Owh, that; nahyanze, both; dushween, then; +ahpe, since; mesah, therefore; ahnesh, wherefore. + +_Dis._ Atah, but; ahzheh, as; dush, than; koone, though; mahmesahwahwah, +unless; kespuge, except; pooch, yet. + + +OF INTERJECTIONS. + +An Interjection is a word used to express the sudden emotions of the +speaker; as, Tahwah! pemahdezewin nelojegootoge! Alas! I fear for life! +O neboowin! Ahneshekewesahgandahmoowin? O death! Where is thy sting? + +List of Interjections: + + _Earnestness_ or _Grief_; O! ah! tahwah, alas! + _Joy_; Yahhahne! yahhahne! &c. + _Wonder_; Mahmahkahdahkahmig, strange! hahe, hah! + _Aversion_; Saih! ahwas, away! + _Attention_; Nah, hark! Nahbin, behold! + _Surprise_ or _Fear_; Ingee! Tauneyohne! yohe! + _Laughter_; Ha! ha! ha! + _Requesting silence_; Easta, hist! pezahnahbin, silence! + _Calling_; ahneene, halloo! + _Salutation_; Mequaich, welcome! + + + + +A FABLE--[Translated from the English.] + +OWH WAHGOOSH KIYA EWH MASK. + + +Kegahweendahmoonin kache dahkooahyod ahdesookaun, kecheoneshesheh +dushweengooh. + +Wahgoosh ingooding keezhahgoobun haberdashero dahdahwawegahmig. Emah +metahskahkahmig ahyahtanegoobun kache gwahnahjewong mask, keoonje +ozhechegahdagoobun ahwegah cheahyood mamahjenood ahpe herongh azhe +obahkahmegezhejin. Ewh mask egewh mawezhah, meowh ahpe owh ahdesookaun +tebaindahgowk, ahgwahnahung kahkenah ewh ostegwan dahgooh helmiting, +kiya kahwekah mamahjenood ezheoobahkahmegezhese ayahsenenegoon. +Mahmahdah wechegawenebun, owhdush ezhechegang kahweendush +kedahwahbahdah zhenon ewh odangowh owh wabahkahmegezid, kiya koonemah +anahnookewenegwain nahchebahpid or mahwid, ewh mask ahpun ewh nahsob +azhenahgowk. + +Owh wahgoosh kahgezheyaindum, wahjapezeh. Oge quakenon ewh mask +menahwah kiya menahwah. Oge gahnahwahbahdaun emah ahgwahjeeye-ee, +kiya gahnahwahbahdaun emah peenjahye-ee. + +Ewh ahgwahjeeye-ee keche shooshoo ahyahgoobun kiya +kegezhechegahdagoobun! Ewh peenjahye-ee webahgoobun. Kagate onesheshin +oostegwan ayaug omah, ekedoo owh wahgoosh; kagate mejenahwa yahdahkahmig +kahwenaindib ahyahsenoog! + +Nahnind quahnoj quewesansug ahyahwug kiya equasansug kemahzheh +ekoogenedwah oowh enaindahmoowod kahween kagoo ohbahbah mahndahsenahwah, +ewh atah oobeshegadahgoosewenewah, ahgoonwatahtesuwod kagoo +chekekadahmoowod medush azhe quakeskahwod enahkahkayah wahwazheowening. +Koonemah eneneh odah ahtood ewh onindj emah ostegwahning onowh pazhik +kiya tahekedooh kahekedood owh wahgoosh kagate sahquahnoj owh oostegwan +omah ayog kagate sah mejenah wayahdahkahmig ahyah senoog ewh wenaindib. + +Eneneh tahezhah ishpeming, ahyahnzig menoo bemahdezewin, ahyahnzig +kechetwahwezewin, ahyahnzig ogemahwewin, ahyahnzig kekenooahmahdewin, +ahyahwahsig wejekewayun; kah dushween tahezhahsee ewhety ishpeming +ahyahwahsig Christ. + +A man may go to heaven without health, without wealth, without honor, +without learning, without friends; but he can never go to heaven +without Christ. + + + + +OF THE FORMATION OF WORDS. + + +It is difficult with us to speak the words themselves.--The words +_odoon_, _onik_, _okod_, _ozid_, _okun_, do not mean respectively, +_mouth_, _arm_, _leg_, _foot_, _bone_; but _his mouth_, _his arm_, _his +leg_, _his foot_, _his bone_. By leaving out the letter _o_ we have the +words _mouth_, _arm_, _&c._ themselves: thus, _doon_, _nik_, _kod_, +_zid_, _kun_. The former is the usual way of speaking, the latter is +correct. + +By the following illustration it will be better understood how words are +formed: + + _my_ _thy_ or _your_ _his_ + Nindj, _a hand_, nenindj, kenindj, onindj, + Nik, _an arm_, nenik, kenik, onik, + Doon, _a mouth_, nedoon kedoon, odoon, + Bid, _a tooth_, nebid, kebid, owebid, + Daih, _a heart_, nedaih, kedaih, odaih, + Kown, _a liver_, nekown, kekown, okown, + Kun, _a bone_, nekun, kekun, okun, + Skunze, _a nail_, neskunze, keskunze, oskunze, + Kod, _a leg_, nekod, kekod, okod, + Bowm, _a thigh_, nebowm, kebowm, obowm, + Dis, _a navel_, nedis, kedis, odis, + Pun, _a light_, nepun, kepun, opun, + Zid, _a foot_, nezid, kezid, ozid, + Yos, _flesh_, neyos, keyos, oweyos, + Yowh, _a body_, neyowh, keyowh, oweyowh, + Oose, _father_, noose, koose, osun, + Gah, _mother_, negah, kegah, ogeen, + Siyahn, _brother_, nesiyahn, kesiyahn, osiyayun, + Shema, _sister_, neshema, keshema, oshemayun, + Tahwug, _an ear_, netahwug, ketahwug, otahwug. + + + + +VOCABULARY. + + [Transcriber's Note: + Alphabetization is as in the original.] + +A. + + Aahe, adv. yes + Ahbenoojhee, n. a child + Ahbewin, n. a room + Ahnind, adj. some + Ahpe, adv. then, when + Ahkeh, n. the earth + Ahkeeng, in the earth + Ahzheh, adv. after + Ahneendeh, adv. where? + Ahyahyun, v. art thou + Ahweyah, n. a certain one + Ahnung, sing. } n. a star + Ahnungoog, plu. } + Ahyah, v. he is, was + Ahneen, adv. how? + Ahwon, n. fog, dew, mist + Ahsin, n. a stone + Ahnweh, n. a bullet + Ahnahquod, n. a cloud + Ahnookewin, n. a work + Ahnemeke, n. thunder + Ahkoozewin, n. sickness + Ahpahbewin, n. a saddle, or a thing to sit on + Ahpwahgun, n. a pipe + Ahnahpe, adv. when + Ahgwahnahung, pt. covered + Ahgwahjeeng, outdoors + Ahpequashemoon, n. pillow + Ahkookoobenahgun, } n. a basket, the latter signifies a vessel + Ahwahjewahnahgun, } to carry or gather with + Ahnahmeahwin, n. religion + Aindahnahbid, v. sitteth + Aindahyaun, n. my house or home + Aiskum, adv. more + Anwahchegaid, n. a prophet + Amequahn, n. a spoon + Atah, conj. but + Ahsamah, n. tobacco + Ahnahmahkahmig, } under the earth or ground + Ahnahmahkeeng, } + Ahgahming, n. other side + Ahyahmook, v. receive it, or take it + Ahshum, v. feed him, or give him something to eat + Ahgahwahta, n. a shadow + Ahwashema, prep. beyond + Ahgwewin, n. a garment + Ahgookayowh, n. a bait, or something to allure animals to a snare + Ahgahjewin, n. bashfulness + Ahquahnebesohn, n. rainbow + Azhenekahdaig, } n. name of a thing or place. In asking a question + Adahming, } we say what is the name of that thing or place? + Ahgwahjeeye-ee, n. outside + Anahnookewenegwain, business, or it was his business + Anaindahmon, n. thy will + Azheahyog, v. as it is + Azhegooh, v. as we + Azhemahmahjenoojin, part. played or acted + Ahgoonwatahdezoowod, v. they refuse + Ahyahsenenegoon, when there is none or no + Ainind, pt. called + Ahwas, adv. away + Ahsub, n. a net + Ahyog, is here + Ahpugn, adv. always, usually, the same + Ahmooh, n. a bee + Ahmik, n. a beaver + Ahnim, n. a mean fellow + Ahnit, n. a spear + Ahnebeesh, n. a leaf + Ahnwabewin, n. a rest + Ahnahmeawegahmig, n. a church, meeting-house, or praying-house + Ahskekoomon, n. lead + Ahskahtowhe, n. a skin or hide + Asquach, adv. falsely, vain + Ahdesookaun, n. story, fable + Ahnwahtin, not boisterous + Ahwebah, n. or adj. calm + Ahkahkahzha, n. coal + Ahyegagah, adv. soon, directly + Ahnoodezeh, adv. greedy + Ahnowh, prep. though + Ahtoon, put it down + Ahneenmenik, adv. how much + Ahneendeh, adv. where + Ahneendehnahkayah, adv. which way + Ahnahmahye-ee, prep. under + Ahpahgahjeahye-ee, prep. against + Ahyahwug, v. there are + Ahgahmahye-ee, prep. across + Ahneeshnah, adv. why + Ahdick, n. a rein-deer + Ahjedahmoo, n. a red squirrel + Ahsahnahgoo, n. a black squirrel + Ahgwegoos, n. a chip-monk + Ahkuckoojeesh, n. a ground-hog + Ahdoomahkoomasheeh, n. a monkey, which signifies louse catcher + or hunter + Ahnemoosh, n. a dog + Aasebun, n. a raccoon + Aayabegoo, n. an ant + Aayanee, n. opossum + Ahzhahwahmaig, n. a salmon + Ahshegun, n. rock-bass + Ahgwahdahsheh, n. sun-fish + Ahwahsesee, n. cat-fish + Ahmahkahkee, n. a toad + Ahgoonaqua, n. tree-toad + Ahndaig, n. a raven + Ahshahgeh, n. a crane + Ahsegenak, n. a black-bird + Ahjegahdashib, n. water-hen + Ahsenesekab, n. gravel + Ahkik, n. a kettle + Ahbewh, n. a paddle + Ahzod, n. poplar + Ahneshenahbay, n. an Indian man + Apahgeeshemoog, n. west + Ahahwa, n. a species of duck + Ahwahkaun, n. cattle + Ahgahwosk, n. gypsum + Ahshahwask, n. a sword + Ahgwesemon, n. a pumpkin + Ahgwejekinzhaegun, n. an and-iron + Ahskebug, n. a green leaf + Ahgahwahtaown, n. an umbrella + Ahdahwaweneneh, n. a merchant + Ahkahnok, n. a corn-cob + Azheshahwask, n. a rifle + Ahnejemin, n. pease + Auskig, n. a seal + Ahgookewahsegun, n. sealing-wax + Ahpahgedoon, v. throw it + +B. + + Bakah, v. to stop + Bahmah, adv. by and by + Bazhig, adj. one + Bahtay, n. smoke + Bahgaun, n. a nut + Bahbegwon, n. a bugle + Bakahnuk, adj. the other + Bahnahjetoon, v. destroy it + Bahtahzewin, n. sin + Bahgundahegawegahmig, n. a barn, or a house to thresh grain in + Bewegahegun, n. a chip + Bemahdezewin, n. life + Beezhahyaun, v. if I come + Bemoosain, v. to walk + Bewahbik, n. iron + Bedoon, v. bring it, or fetch it + Benetoon, v. clean it + Boodahwahgun, n. chimney, fire-place + Bewuyh, n. fur + +C. + + Chegahye-ee, prep. near + Cheahnwabing, v. to rest + Cheshahdahegun, n. broom, sweeping instrument + Chepahping, pt. laughing + Chebwah, prep. before + Chebuyh, n. a corpse, dead body + Chemaun, n. a boat, a canoe + Chemenewung, v. to yield fruit + Chese, n. a turnip + Chahchaum, v. to sneeze + Cheahyong, v. to be + +D. + + Dush, conj. but + Dushween, adv. then, there. + Weendush, and he; + owhdush, and the; + medush, and then; + egewhdush, and they + Doombenon, v. to lift + Doon, n. a mouth + Dahdahwawegahmig, n. a store or shop + Danguyh, n. the face + +E. + + Eneneh, n. a man + Enenewug, n. men + Equa, n. a woman + Equawug, n. women + Equasance, n. a girl, or little woman + Emeh, adv. there (near,)--sometimes means, into, or in the + Ewhety, adv. there (distant,) in that place + Egewh, pro. them + Enah! int. hark! see! + Enewh, pro. these + Ezhah, v. to go + Ewh, a. the + Eskooday, n. fire + Esquache, adj. last + Ezhahdah, v. let us go + Esquahdaim, n. a door + Enaindahmoowin, n. mind, thought, will + Ekedoowin, n. a word + Eebahdun, n. butter + Enenahbik, n. a rock + Enenahtig, n. a maple-tree + Ezhechegaid, n. means or manner + Ekedooh, v. to say, or he said + Enahkayah, prep. towards + Ewedehnahkayah, adv. that way + Enaindahming, pt. thinking + Equah, n. a louse. + +H. + + How, v. let us + Hah! int. the same as Ha! in English. + +I. + + Ishpeming, n. heaven, or above + Inggoojhee, adv. somewhere + Ingoodwahsweh, adj. six + Ishpemesahgoong, n. chamber + Ingoodwak, adj. one hundred + Inggooding, adv. once + Inggwahekaun, n. the grave + Innoozoowahgun, n. a name-sake + Ingee! int. This word is used by children when they are afraid of + something that is large + Inggoodoogunze, n. a cluster of fruit. + +K. + + Keshamunedoo, n. Merciful Spirit or Being + Kechemunedoo, n. God, or Great Good Spirit + Kecheahjechaugk, n. Great Holy Spirit + Kecheogemah, n. King, or great Chief + Kedemahganemeshin, have mercy on me + Kegekaindaun, v. thou knowest + Kechegahmeh, n. a lake + Kegezhaib, n. the morning + Ketegahnans, n. a garden + Kedahyah, v. thou art + Kedahyaum, v. you are + Ke-ne-nah? Is it you? + Kahween, adv. no sir, no, no + Kah, adv. no + Keen, pro. you, or thou + Koosay, n. sing. your father + Koone, n. snow + Kezis, n. the sun + Kiya, conj. and + Kegwis, n. your son + Kegah, n. your mother + Ketegaun, n. a field + Kahkenah, adj. all, whole + Koosenon, n. our father + Koosewah, n. pl. your father + Koosemah, v. may, might + Kahgequawin, n. law + Kahbabeboon, all winter + Kahbanebin, all summer + Kahgenig, adv. forever + Kahwekah, adv. never + Kagooshish, n. something + Kebemoosay, v. he walked + Kedaun, n. your daughter + Kezheguk, n. day + Kezhik, n. sky + Kahweenegoojee, adv. nowhere + Kegedoon, v. to speak, (in the imperative mood.) + Ke-ekedooh, v. he said + Kedenin, I tell you + Keskeezhik, n. your eye + Kooskoozin, v. to awake + Kespin, conj. if + Kesenah, adj. cold + Kagooh, shall not + Keche, adj. great + Kechauze, n. your nose + Ketegaweneneh, n. a husbandman + Keskejewahyaun, n. a waist-coat + Kewadenoong, n. north + Kekewaown, n. a flag + Kagate, adv. truly, verily + Koondun, v. swallow it + Kahmahsheh, adv. not yet + Kahskahdin, v. to congeal, to freeze + Kagooween, you shall not, or thou shall not + Kagebahdezid, n. a fool + Kenebood, pt. died + Kategang, v. to sow or plant + Keskahkezhegang, v. to reap + Kahgega, adj. eternal + Kazhedin, adv. immediately + Keahgoonwatum, v. he denied + Ketezeh, } adj. old + Kekahe, } + Kegaung, n. a virgin + Kegowh, n. a fish + Keskemon, n. a whet-stone + Keskeboojegun, n. a saw + Kechepezoon, n. a girdle, a sash, a belt + Kebeshang, adj. deaf + Kepahgah, adj. thick + Kebesquang, adj. hoarse + Kesahgehenah? Do you love me? + Kenahweskewin, n. falsehood + Kashahweahyah, adj. loose + Kondahegwahsowin, n. thimble, an instrument used to push with + in sewing + Kahyahtenewaid, n. a mid-wife + Kahezhewabuk, it was so + Kekenahwahjechegun, n. a sign or mark + Kegedooweneneh, n. a speaker or lawyer + Kahgahgewinze, n. hemlock + Kahgahgeh, n. wind-pipe + Kekindewin, n. a covenant + Kezebegahegahnahboo, n. soap suds + Kahskahkoonegun, n. corn-crib + Kahskahegun, n. a scraper + Koozhe, n. a beak + Koonekahdin, n. frost, snow + Kechemekun, n. a high-way + Kagah, adv. mostly + Kahweengagoo, n. nothing + Kegahweendahmoon, I will tell you + Kahgequaweneneh, n. an exhorter, or preacher + Kegowhyekaweneneh, n. a fisherman + Kekaindahmoowad, v. to learn, to know + Kahgahnahga, do not + Kemahzeh, adv. badly + Kegezhechegahdagoobun, pt. completed + Kahgezheyaindum, adj. sagacious + Kagahgoo, adv. almost + Kahyask, n. a gull + Kahgahgehshee, n. a crow + Kookoosh, n. a hog + Kookookoo-ooh, n. an owl + Kenoozha, n. a pike + Kewetahye-ee, prep. around + Kedahgahbezhew, n. a wild-cat + Kaugk, n. a porcupine + Kahgebahdezewin, n. foolishness + Keskekechegun, n. a partition + +M. + + Mahnedoo, n. a spirit + Mahjahn, v. march on + Mahzhenahegun, n. a book, paper, &c. + Mahjemunedoo, n. an evil spirit, or the devil + Mahzhenenee, n. an image + Mahskemoodance, n. satchel + Mahkahday, n. powder, or black + Megwon, n. a feather, quill + Mekun, n. a road + Mejim, n. food + Mezhusk, n. hay, weed, grass + Menesis, n. hair, of the head + Mequom, n. ice + Metig, n. a tree + Mesheh, n. fire-wood + Metigmahkuk, n. a trunk + Meowh, only, the one to whose + Minjemeneshin, v. hold me + Metigmahkezin, n. shoe, or wooden shoe + Me-ewhmenek, it is enough + Mahdwayahbegahegun, n. a fiddle, or a sonorific instrument, whose + strings are capable of vibrating + Megezeh, n. an eagle + Moozhuk, adv. often + Mookoomon, n. a knife + Moozwahgun, n. scissors + Menookahmeh, n. spring, a season of the year + Menahwahzeh, adj. cheerful + Mequamdun, v. remember it + Mezhenahwa, n. a disciple + Mahkundwaweneneh, n. a robber + Mahmahweh, adv. together + Mezheshenon, v. give us + Mesquagin, n. purple + Mahkahdaeneneh, n. a black man + Mahkahdaequa, n. a black woman + Mawezhah, adv. anciently, long ago + Metegwob, n. a bow + Moskin, n. full + Mahdwawa, n. a sound + Menoodahchin, adv. enough + Menekaun, n. seed + Menequang, v. to drink + Mahskoosen, n. a marsh, a bog, a fen + Mamangwah, n. a butterfly + Mahskeeg, n. a swamp + Mahmahjenoowin, n. miracle + Mahnahtaneseweneneh, n. a shepherd + Mahskahwezewin, strength + Mahjetong, v. to begin + Mahkuk, n. a pail, or box + Mahkahkoosug, n. a barrel + Megahzooweneneh, n. a soldier, a man of war, or a fighting man + Mahmahkahdezing, v. to boast + Megoos, n. an awl + Menis, n. an island + Mahwewin, v. to cry + Memenik, v. be quiet + Mahskekeh, n. medicine + Mahnedoosh, n. an insect, a worm + Mahbah, this one + Mesahkoodoonahgun, n. beard, the hair that grows on the lips and chin + Mondahmin, n. corn + Mechekahnok, n. a fence + Metegoominzhe, n. an oak + Mahskooda, n. plains, flats, or level ground + Mahgeahyah, adj. big + Mahgoobedoong, v. to squeeze + Mayahgezid, n. a stranger + Menahwah, adv. again, more and more + Mamahjenoojin, v. he played + Metahskahkahmig, n. the ground, or on the ground + Menoomenik, adj. sufficient + Mamahjenood, n. an actor + Magwaahye-ee, prep. among + Mahnahtanis, n. a sheep + Meshebezhee, n. a lion + Mahengun, n. a wolf + Mesahbooze, n. a goat + Mahquah, n. a bear + Moaze, n. a moose + Mahskoodaysay, n. a quail + Mahnoomenekashee, n. a mud-hen + Mezhesay, n. a turkey + Mesahmaig, n. a whale + Mahzhahmagoos, n. trout + Mahnoomin, n. rice + Mezheh, adv. everywhere + Magwah, adv. while + Manmooyahwahgaindahmoowin, n. thankfulness + Meshejemin, n. a currant, (fruit) + Mahzahn, n. a thistle + Mahjegooday, n. a petticoat + Menekahnekah, adv. seedy + Mejenahwayahdahkahmig, n. pity + Mahmahdahwechegawenebun, it was a strange custom + Menesenoo, n. a hero + Mesquahsin, n. brick, which signifies, red stone + Mesahowh, that is + Moosay, n. a worm + Moong, n. a loon + Meene, n. a kind of fruit + Mahjekewis, adj. the eldest + Meskoodesemin, n. a bean + Mategwahkezinekaid, n. a shoe-maker + Menahwenahgowd, v. look pleasant + Meneweyook, v. be fruitful + Megeskun, n. a hook + Mezesok, n. a horse-fly + Mahwahdooskahegun, n. a rake + Mookoojegun, n. a plane, or drawing-knife + Mahskemood, n. a bag + Moonegwana, n. a meadow-lark + Meshawa, n. an elk + Mahskekeweneneh, n. a physician. + +N. + + Nebahgun, n. a bed, a place to sleep on + Newewesin, I want to eat + Nonggon, adj. light + Nee, } pro. I, me, my + Ne, } + Negah, n. my mother + Neezhe, adj. two + Nesweh, adj. three + Newin, adj. four + Nahnun, adj. five + Newob, v. I see + Noongoom, adv. now + Nahgudge, adv. little while + Nedaih, n. my heart + Nekod, n. my leg + Noodin, n. wind + Nahdin, v. go and fetch it + Nezid, n. my foot + Nagowh, n. sand + Noodosh, adj. least + Neenatah, but me, only me + Nezhekaih, adj. alone + Netum, adj. first + Negaun, prep. before + Nahpahna, n. flour + Nahsahkoonun, open it + Nebahkahda, I am hungry + Nahbahgesug, n. a board + Nahgahmoowin, n. a hymn, or a song + Nahme-eding, pt. meeting + Nahongahnik, n. a maid + Nahwahye-ee, n. diameter + Nejekewa, n. a comrade + Nejee, n. a friend + Nanahdahwe-ewaid, n. a saviour + Nahbequon, n. a vessel, a ship + Nahbequahneshee, n. a sailor, or a man that sails or attends ships + Nebewah, n. many + Nahboob, n. soup + Neweahyahwah, I want him + Nasawin, n. breath + Nedezedaahe, v. I dare + Nahzequaegun, n. a curry-comb + Nekebee, covered with water, or overflowed + Nayob, back again + Nahgowh, n. a sleeve + Nedenaindum, v. I think + Nahwahquay, n. the middle of the day, noon + Neskahdezewin, n. anger + Nasagwahbedaoonance, n. a pin, which signifies to prick with + Negekaindaun, v. I know + Nebwahkahwin, n. wisdom + Newahwezhandum, v. I am glad + Nahmahdahbin, v. sit thou + Nahmahdahbing, v. to sit + Noodahgoozing, pt. roaring + Nedekedoowin, my word + Negetim, I am lazy + Nezheka, adv. apart + Nesahye-ee, adv. down + Negaunnahkayah, adv. forward + Nesahye-ee, prep. below + Nahwahye-ee, prep. amidst + Nahmaih, n. a sturgeon + Nahmabin, n. mullet + Nekah, n. a wild goose + Nahkayah, n. a way + Nebeh, n. water + Nebeeng, In the water + +O. + + Ogemah, n. a chief + Oojechog, n. a soul + Oondaus, v. to come + Omah, adv. here + Owh, a. the + Oowh, pro. this + Oogooh, pro. those, their + Oogemekaun, he found it + Oogeoozhetoon, he made it + Oodahpenun, take it + Oonekig, n. a parent + Oopegagun, n. a rib + Opequoj, n. an air-bladder + Oonzegun, n. a boiler, or a kettle + Oodanggowh, n. his face, + --[_for an explanation of this and several of the following words, + see page 21_] + [Transcriber's Note: See section "Formation of Words," + immediately before Vocabulary list.] + Oochauze, n. his nose + Oodoon, n. his mouth + Onowh, n. his cheek + Ostegawn, n. his head + Oskezhizk, n. his eye + Omahmowh, n. eyebrow + Odanegoom, n. nostril + Odaih, n. heart + Onik, n. arm + Otahwug, n. ear + Okod, n. leg + Ozid, n. foot + Onoogun, n. hip + Onindj, n. hand + Ojetud, n. tendon + Oquagun, n. neck + Opequon, n. back + Obowm, n. thigh + Okahkegun, n. breast + Ozhebeenguyh, n. tear + Omesud, n. paunch + Odoosquahyob, n. vein + Okun, n. bone + Odaewaun, n. their heart + Oskunze, n. nail of the finger and the hoof of a horse, or all kinds + of hoofs + Odaun, n. daughter + Ootanowh, n. town, city, village, however we say kecheotanowh for + great town or city, by adding nance, it means small town or village + Odataig, n. gills of a fish + Onejegun, n. fin of a fish + Ozhegown, n. tail of a fish + Okodahkik, n. a pot, a kettle that has legs, or a leg-kettle + Oozaum, adv. too much + Oogee, pro. he + Opin, n. a potatoe + Obewuyh, n. fur + Omemee, n. a pigeon + Onegwegun, n. a wing + Oskenahway, n. a youth, a young man + Odahbaun, n. a sled + Ongwahmezin, be ye faithful + Oogaah, n. pickerel + Ogejebeeg, surface of the water + Ozhahwahnoong, n. south + Okayahwis, n. herring + Oojeeg, n. a fisher + Ogah, n. mother + Oose, n. father + Opecheh, n. a robin + Onesheshid, a clever one + Ookoozhe, n. a beak + Oskezegookahjegun, n. spectacle + Onahgooshig, n. the evening + Okahquon, n. shin + Ogeeozheaun, he made them + Ogeeozhetoon, he made it + Oskunzhekahjegun, n. a horse-shoe + Oombahquahegun, n. a lever + +P. + + Pabahmahjemood, n. a messenger + Poonahkunjegun, n. anchor + Pookedoonze, n. a pear + Pahdahkemoojeskahjegun, n. a spur + Pewakoodahmahgun, n. shavings + Pahketaegun, n. a hammer + Pemenegun, n. a gimlet, an auger + Penahquahn, n. a comb + Pezhekeence, n. a calf + Pesahkahmegeboojegun, n. a harrow + Pequahegun, n. a hill + Pabahbahgahne, n. a pancake + Pazhegwahnoong, one place + Panggwon, adj. dry + Pahquonge, n. a stump + Pahgasaun, n. a plum + Pahpenadumoowin, n. happiness + Pahquazhegun, n. bread + Pahskezegun, n. a gun + Pahquazhegunush, n. wheat + Pahnezid, adj. holy + Pazhegoogahzhee, n. a horse or an animal not cloven-footed + Pashebeegun, n. a rule + Peshegaindahgoozewin, n. glory + Pepoon, n. winter + Pezahneewawin, n. peace + Pahzegween, v. to arise + Penasewug, n. fowls + Pewahbum, v. come and see him + Pewahbundun, v. come and see it + Pajeewe, adj. weak + Pesahgeskebik, n. darkness + Pesekun, put it on + Peenzekahwahgun, n. a coat or loose garment + Pahwahbekezegun, n. a stove or an iron box that is capable of being + warmed through + Pahzhejeahje-ee, prep. over + Peendahgun, n. a pocket or pouch + Peendig, n. inside + Paquahkoostegowng, block-headed + Pequahquod, n. a ball or knot + Poodahwain, make fire + Poodahjegun, n. a musical or blowing instrument + Pookedaemin, n. a mandrake + Pahmetahgun, n. a servant + Pahbegwah, adj. rough + Pahquahskezhegun, n. a scythe + Papahmebahegood, n. a rider, a name for a dragoon + Pamahdezid, the living + Pahsquagin, n. leather + Pahbahgewahyaun, n. a shirt, calico + Pengwahshahgid, adj. naked + Pezindun, v. to hear, to listen + Pinggweh, n. ashes + Pungee, adj. little, not enough + Peendegaye-ee, prep. within + Pegiwh, n. gum, wax + Pemeday, n. oil, grease + Pequok, n. an arrow + Pooch, v. must + Pahkahahquay, n. a cock,--this bird has derived its name from its + crowing; so nearly all birds + Pahpahsay, n. a wood-pecker; this, from its pecking + Penaih, n. a partridge + Pahkaunnahkayah, adv. another way + +Q. + + Quatahmegwaindahgoozid, n. the Almighty + Quewesance, n. a boy + Quahnoj, adj. good + Quakenun, turn it over + Quesqueshin, n. a whistle + Quahbahegun, n. a shovel + Quahnahjewun, adj. handsome + Quaich, adj. tenth + Quiyuk, adv. straight, right + Quaichegooh, just as + +S. + + Shahgooda-a, n. a coward + Shahwanemeshin, bless me + Shewetahgun, n. salt + Shahwemin, n. a grape + Shemahgun, n. a shield + Shooneyah, n. silver, money + Shenganedewin, n. hatred + Sahnahgud, adj. difficult + Sahkahown, n. a cane + Sanahbanh, n. silk, or ribin + Sasahbob, n. a rope, thread + Shongahswak, adj. nine hundred + Shewahbik, n. alum, or iron of an acid taste + Shewon, adj. sour + Shonggahsweh, adj. nine + Sebeeh, n. a river + Sebeeng, in the river + Shegah, n. a widow + Shinggwok, n. a pine tree + Shahgahnosh, a white man + Shinggoos, n. a weasel + Shonggwasheh, n. a mink + Shepahye-ee, prep. through + Shegog, n. a skunk + Shesheeb, n. a duck + Sahgahquahegun, n. a nail + Shegwanahbik, n. a grind-stone + Shegwanahwis, n. fish-worm + Shesheeb-ahkik, n. a tea-kettle; (see shesheeb and ahkik,) + Sahgedoonabejegun, n. a bridle + Sahgahegun, n. a screw + Shegahgahwinze, n. an onion + Shahboonegaunce, n. a needle, it signifies to pull or push through + +T. + + Tahnahgwud, v. appear + Tedebawe, n. the shore + Tebahegezeswon, n. a watch or clock + Tabanegaid, n. Lord + Tabahkoonewaid, n. a judge or ruler + Tebahkoonegawin, n. judgment + Tabwayaindahmoowin, n. a creed + Takoonewaid, n. a constable + Tabwawin, n. truth + Tahbeskooch, v. to equal + Tahweahyah, n. space + Tabwatun, v. believe thou + Tebahegun, n. a measure; by adding ce, we have, cup + Toodooshahboo, n. milk + Tawaegun, n. a drum; (see mahdwayahbegahegun,) + Tegowh, n. a wave + Tebik, n. night + Tahgah, v. to let + Tahwah, int. alas! + +U. + + Undoom, call him + Umba, come and let us go + +W. + + Wah, pro. what + Wahwon, n. an egg + Weyos, n. flesh, meat + Webid, n. a tooth + Ween, pro. him + Wewon, his wife + Waquain, pro. whoever + Wewahquon, n. a hat + Wahbegun, n. clay + Wahsayah, n. light + Wagoonan, what is it? + Wekah, long before + Wahbemin, n. an apple + Weendun, tell it + Wanain, who is it? + Weyowh, n. a body + Wahjewh, n. a mountain or hill + Wahowh, pro. this + Wenegun, n. marrow + Wenesis, n. hair + Wanankeen, who art thou? + Wesabgun, adj. bitter + Wagoosing, n. the son + Wahbeda, v. to ripen + Wenin, n. fat + Wahnekaun, n. a ditch + Wahbezewin, n. paleness + Weenzhoob, n. gall + Wenud, adj. dirty + Wahwahbegoonojhee, n. a mouse + Wahsahkoonajegun, n. a candle, or a thing that produces light + Wahsachegun, n. a window + Wahbahnahnug, n. the morning-star + Wahsahmoowin, n. lightning + Wesenewagun, n. a table, or something to eat on + Wegewaum, n. a house + Wetookahweshin, help me + Wetoopahmeshin, eat with me + Wanepuzhe, adv. freely + Wahyaskud, in the beginning + Weendahmahweshin, tell me + Wahgedahkahmig, on land + Wawaneh, thank you + Wahsahgung, n. pepper, or a bitter substance + Wahskoobung, adj. sweet + Wekahnesun, his brother + Wahwazhetaun, v. prepare thou + Wahnahgak, n. bark + Wahbemoojechaugown, n. a looking-glass; something used to see the + image in + Weendegooh, n. a giant + Weyahgahsahne, n. dust + Wedookoodahdedah, let us help each other + Wequajeoong, v. to struggle + Wenaindib, n. brains + Wahbezhasheh, n. a martin + Wahwahskasheh, n. a deer + Wahwahtaseh, n. a lightning-bug + Wahwahyayah, adj. round + Wahgoosh, n. a fox + Wahnesquazewin, n. carelessness + Wahgahquod, n. an axe + Wahbahbik, n. tin + Wahbejeskezhegwa, adj. wall-eyed + Wob, v. to see + Wahzeswon, n. a nest + Wahbooyon, n. a blanket + Wahnechega, v. to misdo + Wahnewenon, v. to mislead + Wahbemenahboo, n. cider + Wesahgok, n. ash + Wegwos, n. birch tree, and its bark + Wegoobeminze, n. bass-wood + Wak, n. spawn + +Z. + + Zhahwanedewin, n. love + Zahzahgewejegun, n. an offering + Zagezewin, v. to fear + Zegahundahgawin, n. baptism + Zhahgemaih, n. a musketoe + Zheezebahquod, n. sugar. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + +_Notes on Updated Text_ + +This section comes from a reader who knows considerably more Ojibwe +than the transcriber (who knows none at all): + +_Orthography_ + + (forms in "Chipeway Spellings" : equivalent in Fiero orthography) + + ah : a, aa, aanh + au, aw : aa + aih : e, enh + a, ai, -ay : e + e, eh : i, ii + ee, eeh : ii, iinh + i : i, ii, ay + oo : o, oo + ooh : o, oo, oonh + ou : -- + o : a, aa + u : a, w + + w-, -wh : w + y : y, ay + + ch, j : j, ch + ck : k + k, g, gk : g, k + m, -hm : m + n : n + -nce : -ns + p, b, -be : b, p + qu : gw, kw + s, z, -se : s, z + sh, zh, -zhe : zh, sh + sk, sch : sk, shk + sp : shp + squ : skw, shkw + st : sht + t, d, -dt, + -te, -de, td- : d, t + +_Author of Spelling book:_ + +I am convinced that 'Spelling' is by Peter Jones, as he was commissioned +to put together a spelling book on June 2, 1828, and presented the +manuscript to a printer in York on June 19, 1828, for the Methodist +Indian Missionary School he ran, which Conference Missionary Society +was a Methodist society. Also, in his book _Life and journals of +Kah-ke-wa-quo-na-by_, in the journal entry for the 19th, it says, +"Arrived at York in the afternoon, and commenced getting a small Indian +spelling book, which I had written, printed at Mr. McKenzie's office." +and considering "Spelling" was only 12 printed pages--3 sheets of +paper--that, I think, does qualify as "a small Indian spelling +book." + +_Syncope:_ + +Several words are presented in a partial syncope form. For example, +_gagiinawishkiwin_ to mean a fib, a lie or a falsehood, in the partial +syncope form is _ggiinawishkiwin_, and the full syncope form is +_ggiinwishkwin_. Summerfield presents this word as _Kenahweskewin, +n. falsehood_, which seems to match the partial syncope form of the +word. However, if this partial syncope is noted, so should the dozen +or so other words shown in partial syncope. + + * * * * * + * * * * + +Errors and Anomalies + +_Spelling Book_: + + [Title page] + Ah-ne-she-nah-pay, [-nah-pa] + Kah-ke-ke-noo-ah-mah-ween-twah [Ka-ke-ke-] + + [Words of one Syllable] + Squahch [Squach] + shwahs [shwas] + + [Words of two syllables accented on the 1st & 2nd] + kah che [ka che] + + [Words of three syllables accented on the last] + ko se non [koo se non] + + Words of four syllables accented on the sixth. + [_text unchanged: probably error for "on the first"_] + + [Six syllables] [Accented on the second and last] + wah wah pe ko noo jeeh [koo noo jhee] + + [Lord's Prayer] + Oo-tah-nu-me-tah-koo-se-win. [Oo-tah-ne-me-] + ne-kah-e-she-wa-pe-se-min [-we-pe-se-min] + nah-sahb-e-koo [nah-sab-e-koo] + + [Grace Before Meat] + me-chim-pe-mah-te-se-win [me-chim pe-mah-] + kah-pah-ke-te-nah-mah-we-yongk [ke-te- nah] + ka-oon-je-mah-skah-we-se-yongk [ka-oon-je mah-skah-] + Jesus Christ a-spa-ne-moo-yongk [a-pa-ne-] + + [Grace After Meat] + [_first line as printed:_ + Ah-noo-shoo-tah -mah--ka-win, kah--e-squah, we-se-ningk.] + ka-ah-pa-ne-moo-yongk [-ne-moo yongk] + + +_Grammar Book_: + + Nestahnah ahshepachick + [_spelling as in original: expected form is "-zhick"_] + necessarily implies an agent and an object acted upon + [an abject] + + [Fable] + quakeskahwod enahkahkayah wahwazheowening + [_text reads enahka-/yah at line break_] + + [Vocabulary] + Ahnweh, n. a bullet [Ahnewh] + Dahdahwawegahmig, n. a store or shop [Dahdahwawegahnig] + Kenahweskewin, n. falsehood + [_printed as shown: better form is "Kkenahweskewin"_] + Mahnedoo, n. a spirit [s spirit] + Mahdwayahbegahegun, n. a fiddle ... capable of vibrating [cabable] + Mezheshenon, v. give us [Mezheshenom] + Nasagwahbedaoonance, n. a pin, which signifies to prick with + [signifiies] + Pegiwh, n. gum, wax [Pegwih] + Wak, n. spawn + [_printed as shown: should be "Wahk" or "Wauk"_] + + +_Missing Letters:_ + +The second page of the "Fable" is imperfectly reproduced, so the end of +each printed line is conjectural. The text is shown here as printed, +with added letters in [brackets]. Line-end hyphens represent word +breaks, not glottal stops. + + kiya kegezhechegahdagoobun! Ewh peenjahye-ee weba[h-] + goobun. Kagate onesheshin oostegwan ayaug omah, eke[-] + doo owh wahgoosh; kagate mejenahwa yahdahkahmi[g] + kahwenaindib ahyahsenoog! + + Nahnind quahnoj quewesansug ahyahwug kiya equa[-] + sansug kemahzheh ekoogenedwah oowh enaindahmoowo[d] + kahween kagoo ohbahbah mahndahsenahwah, ewh ata[h] + oobeshegadahgoosewenewah, ahgoonwatahtesuwod kagoo + chekekadahmoowod medush azhe quakeskahwod enahka[hka-] + yah wahwazheowening. Koonemah eneneh odah ahtoo[d] + ewh onindj emah ostegwahning onowh pazhik kiya tahe[-] + kedooh kahekedood owh wahgoosh kagate sahquahno[j] + owh oostegwan omah ayog kagate sah mejenah wayahda[h-] + kahmig ahyah senoog ewh wenaindib. + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway +Languages, by John Summerfield + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GRAMMAR OF THE CHIPPEWAY *** + +***** This file should be named 19807.txt or 19807.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/8/0/19807/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, C. J. 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