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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:05:30 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:05:30 -0700 |
| commit | 4009dfc26b39d2286a21eaa793b4b2fba4a0b7ca (patch) | |
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diff --git a/19807-h/19807-h.htm b/19807-h/19807-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e5e19b --- /dev/null +++ b/19807-h/19807-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,5661 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<title>Chippeway Language</title> +<meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; +charset=US-ASCII"> + +<style type = "text/css"> + +body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + +div.titlepage, div.grammar, div.spelling +{margin-top: 4em; margin-bottom: 4em;} + +hr {width: 80%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +hr.tiny {width: 20%;} +hr.micro {width: 10%; margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em;} + +div.contents a, div.mynote a {text-decoration: none;} + +em {font-style: normal; font-size: inherit; color: #999; +background-color: inherit;} + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; +font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: .5em; +margin-bottom: .5em;} + +h1 {font-size: 250%;} +h2 {font-size: 200%;} +h3 {font-size: 150%;} +h4 {font-size: 120%; font-variant: small-caps;} +h5 {font-size: 100%;} +h6 {font-size: 85%;} + +div.titlepage h1 {margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +div.titlepage h2 {margin-top: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1.25em;} +div.titlepage .two {font-size: 200%; margin-top: 1.25em;} +div.titlepage .three {font-size: 150%; margin-top: 1.67em;} +div.titlepage .four {font-size: 120%; margin-top: 2em;} +div.titlepage .five {font-size: 100%; margin-top: 2.5em;} +div.titlepage .six {font-size: 85%; margin-top: 3em;} + +div.spelling h5 {font-style: italic;} + +div.grammar h4 {margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: .25em;} +h4.chapter {margin-top: 4em;} +div.grammar h5 {font-size: 80%; margin-top: 1em;} +div.grammar h5.list {font-size: 100%; margin-top: .75em; +text-align: left; margin-left: 4em;} + +div.endnote h5 {font-weight: bold; text-align: left; margin-top: 1em; +margin-left: 1em;} + + +p {margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: 0em; line-height: 1.2;} + +p.title {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 90%; +width: 29em; text-indent: 1em;} +p.illustration {text-align: center; margin-top: 1em; +margin-bottom: 1em;} +p.inset, div.inset {padding-left: 1em;} +p.center {text-align: center;} +p.right {text-align: right; margin-right: 2em;} + +div.vocab p {margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; margin-top: .2em;} +div.vocab p.letterhead {margin-top: 1em; margin-left: 30%; +font-weight: bold;} + + +/* tables */ + +table {border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; +margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} + +caption {text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; +padding-bottom: .5em;} + +th {font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; font-size: 1em; +font-variant: normal; text-align: center; padding: .2em 1em .2em 0;} +th em {font-style: normal; color: inherit; background-color: inherit;} + +td {vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .1em 1em .1em 0em;} + +td.number {text-align: right;} +td.case {font-style: italic; text-align: right;} +td.middle {vertical-align: middle;} + +/* conditional */ + +table.inline {margin: 0;} +table.inline td {padding: .2em 0 0 0; line-height: 1.2em;} +table.inline td.bracket {vertical-align: middle; padding-left: .5em; +padding-right: .75em;} + +table p {margin-top: 0em; margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; +line-height: normal;} +table.paradigm p {margin-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + +table.paradigm, table.numbers {margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em; +margin-left: 2em;} +table.paradigm td {line-height: 1.2em;} +table.numbers td.number {vertical-align: bottom;} + +table.columns {border: hidden;} +table.columns td {border-left: 1px solid; padding-right: 1em; +padding-left: 1em;} + +div.endnote table {margin-left: 1em; font-size: 92%;} +div.endnote td {padding: .1em .5em;} +div.endnote th {text-align: left; font-style: normal; +border-bottom: 1px solid black;} + +span.invisible {visibility: hidden;} + + +/* text formatting */ + +span.firstword {font-variant: small-caps;} +.extended {letter-spacing: 0.25em;} + + +/* correction popup */ + +ins.correction {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted red;} + +a.pagenum {position: absolute; right: 4%; font-size: 85%; +font-weight: normal; text-align: right; text-indent: 0em; color: #666; +background-color: inherit;} +div.spelling a.pagenum {font-style: normal;} +div.grammar a.pagenum {font-style: italic;} + +/* Transcriber's Note */ + +.mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em 1em 1em; +margin: 1em 5%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + +div.endnote, div.contents {padding: .5em 1em 1em; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%; border: 3px ridge #A9F;} + +div.contents {font-size: 90%; width: 28em; margin-top: 2em; +margin-bottom: 2em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} +div.contents p {margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; margin-top: .2em;} + +</style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages, by +John Summerfield + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages + To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words + +Author: John Summerfield + +Release Date: November 14, 2006 [EBook #19807] +Last Updated: July 22, 2010 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GRAMMAR OF THE CHIPPEWAY *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, C. J. Lippert, David Starner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions +(www.canadiana.org)) + +</pre> + + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p>This is an updated version of an e-text originally produced in +November 2006; see end of text for notes.</p> + +<p>The e-text consists of two separately published books:</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>Spellings for the Schools in the Chipeway Language</i><br> +<i>Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Language</i></p> + +<p>In the first book (Spellings...), the hyphen - is used to separate +syllables. In the second book (Grammar...) the hyphen seems to +represent the glottal stop.</p> + +<p>In the word lists of the first book, the first entry in each column +was sometimes— but not consistently— capitalized. This +capitalization has been retained, whether or not the e-text layout +replicates the original.</p> + +<p>A few punctuation marks in the paradigms and vocabulary lists have +been supplied or regularized. Other errors and anomalies are noted with +mouse-hover <ins class = "correction" title = "like this">popups</ins>. +Bracketed text is in the original.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<a href = "#spelling_book">Spelling</a><br> +<a href = "#grammar_book">Grammar</a><br> +<a href = "#endnotes">Notes on Updated Text</a></p> + +</div> + + +<div class = "contents"> +<h5><b>Contents</b> (added by transcriber)</h5> + +<p><b><a href = "#spelling_book">Spellings for the Schools</a></b></p> +<div class = "inset"> +<p><a href = "#spelling">Spellings</a></p> +<p><a href = "#prayers">Prayers</a></p> +</div> + +<p><b><a href = "#grammar_book">Sketch of Grammar</a></b></p> +<div class = "inset"> +<p><a href = "#nouns">Nouns, Pronouns</a></p> +<p><a href = "#adjectives">Adjectives</a> (including Numbers)</p> +<p><a href = "#verbs">Verbs</a></p> +<div class = "inset"> +<p><a href = "#to_love">Conjugation of "to love"</a> (active)</p> +<p><a href = "#to_be">Conjugation of "to be"</a></p> +<p><a href = "#to_be_loved">Conjugation of "to be loved"</a> +(passive)</p> +</div> +<p><a href = "#partic">Participles, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, +Interjections</a></p> +<p><a href = "#fable">A Fable</a></p> +<p><a href = "#formation">Formation of Words</a></p> +<p><a href = "#vocab">Vocabulary</a></p> +</div> + +</div> + +<div class = "titlepage"> + +<h1 class = "three"><a name = "spelling_book" id = "spelling_book"> +<b>SPELLINGS</b></a></h1> + +<h1 class = "six">FOR THE</h1> + +<h1 class = "extended"><b>SCHOOLS</b></h1> + +<h2 class = "six">IN THE</h2> + +<h2 class = "three"><i>CHIPEWAY LANGUAGE.</i></h2> + +<p> </p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline0.png" width = "54" height = "7" +alt = "----"></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p class = "title"> +Ah-ne-she-nah-<ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads 'pa'">pay</ins>, Oo-te-ke-too-we-nun; +<ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads 'Ka'">Kah</ins>-ke-ke-noo-ah-mah-ween-twah e-kewh, +Ka-nah-wah-pahn-tah-gigk Mah-ze-nah-e-kun.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline0.png" width = "54" height = "7" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h6>YORK, U. CANADA:</h6> + +<h6>Printed for the Canada Conference Missionary Society.</h6> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h5>1828</h5> + +</div> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/alphabet.png" width = "305" height = "516" +alt = "chart showing letters A-Z, a-z, numerals 1-0, punctuation" +title = "A-Z, a-z, 1-0, punctuation"> +</p> + +<div class = "spelling"> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page3s" id = "page3s">3</a> +<h4 class = "chapter"> +<a name = "spelling" id = "spelling">SPELLINGS.</a></h4> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline0.png" width = "54" height = "7" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of one Syllable.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Kah<br> +nah<br> +sah<br> +wah<br> +keene<br> +neene<br> +weene<br> +meene<br> +owh<br> +howh<br> +ewh +</td> +<td> +Neeje<br> +keeje<br> +weeje<br> +moose<br> +koose<br> +noose<br> +meezhe<br> +peezhe<br> +neezhe<br> +weezhe<br> +moozhe +</td> +<td> +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'Squach'">Squahch</ins><br> +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'shwas'">shwahs</ins><br> +quaich<br> +paske<br> +kaugk<br> +mongk<br> +shongk<br> +jeese<br> +aahe<br> +tdush +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of two Syllables accented on the second.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ah keh<br> +ah keeng<br> +ah kik<br> +ah mik<br> +ahn doohm<br> +ah nungk<br> +ah owh<br> +ah pa<br> +ah pweh<br> +ah sin<br> +ah tick +</td> +<td> +ah toon<br> +e mah<br> +e kewh<br> +e newh<br> +e qua<br> +I yahdt<br> +kah yawsk<br> +ke tahn<br> +ke quis<br> +ke nwazhe<br> +mah quah +</td> +<td> +me nick<br> +me quom<br> +me zeh<br> +me squeh<br> +me tigk<br> +nah maih<br> +ne gigk<br> +ne peh<br> +ne peeng<br> +ne sing +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page4s" id = "page4s">4</a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of two Syllables, accented on the second.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ne sweh<br> +oo chawzhe<br> +oo kaudt<br> +oo kowh<br> +oo kun<br> +oo mah<br> +oo nick +</td> +<td> +oo ninje<br> +oon taus<br> +oo pin<br> +oo saum<br> +Oo zidt<br> +oo skonzhe<br> +oo taih +</td> +<td> +qui yuck<br> +shing quawk<br> +shing koub<br> +shing kaugk<br> +tah zheh<br> +te pigk<br> +wah zhusk +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of two syllables accented on the 1st & +2nd.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ah zheh<br> +a shkum<br> +a sance<br> +a squach<br> +a tah<br> +a yaudt<br> +a zheh<br> +che mon<br> +che pywh<br> +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'ka'">kah</ins> che<br> +ka kate<br> +ka gooh<br> +ke kah +</td> +<td> +ke kooh<br> +ke zhick<br> +ke zis<br> +ki ya<br> +koo koosh<br> +mah che<br> +mah kuk<br> +mah mick<br> +mah noo<br> +mahn tdah<br> +ma quah<br> +me chim<br> +me kun +</td> +<td> +me kaunce<br> +me nance<br> +me quaich<br> +me quon<br> +me tdush<br> +me owh<br> +me zhusk<br> +nah nindt<br> +na kowh<br> +na yaub<br> +ne win<br> +ning kah +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page5s" id = "page5s">5</a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of three syllables accented on the 1st & +2nd.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +noo sa<br> +noo tdin<br> +noo tding<br> +noong koom<br> +oo jee<br> +pah mah<br> +pa kah<br> +pe toon +</td> +<td> +poo neh<br> +se peh<br> +sah keh<br> +sau kie<br> +she shebe<br> +tain ta<br> +wa nain +</td> +<td> +wa quain<br> +wau poose<br> +we kah<br> +we nin<br> +we yause<br> +we pidt<br> +ween sah +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of three Syllables, accented on the second and +third.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ah je chaugk<br> +ah kah mingk<br> +ah neen teh<br> +ah ne moosh<br> +ah ne peesh<br> +ah noo kee<br> +ah pa kish<br> +ah quing koos<br> +ah she kun<br> +ah wah kahn<br> +ah wa seeh<br> +ah yah pa +</td> +<td> +ah zhoo gun<br> +a me quahn<br> +a yah chick<br> +a yah yun<br> +a zhah yun<br> +ka yah peh<br> +mah ke sin<br> +mah ne toonce<br> +mah ne toosh<br> +mah ske moodt<br> +me ke seh<br> +me sah owh +</td> +<td> +nah kah mooh<br> +ne zhe kaih<br> +oo me meh<br> +oo nah kun<br> +oo ne shkaudt<br> +oo que son<br> +oon tah shahn<br> +oo ske zhick<br> +oo se tongk<br> +pe je nuck<br> +shah wain tung<br> +shah wa nim +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page6s" id = "page6s">6</a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of three Syllables, accented on the second and<br> +half accent on the third.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +E nah shka<br> +e qua sance<br> +e shkoo ta<br> +ke na pigk<br> +ke noo zhai +</td> +<td> +mah noo min<br> +me quain tun<br> +me sah poose<br> +me she min<br> +me she kaih +</td> +<td> +me she nuck<br> +me tig koonce<br> +mun tah min<br> +nah ma koos<br> +nah ma pin +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of three Syllables accented on the first and +third.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Pah ke tin<br> +wau be gun +</td> +<td> +wau bah maudt<br> +wau be min +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of three syllables accented on the last.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ah nah quodt<br> +e we te<br> +ing koo che<br> +ing koo twaus<br> +ish pe ming<br> +ka ah koo<br> +kah kah keh<br> +kah nah ka<br> +kah ke nick<br> +kah ke nah +</td> +<td> +kah shah kance<br> +kah sah meh<br> +kah moo keede<br> +kah we kah<br> +ka ka keh<br> +ka koo weene<br> +ka ke quait<br> +ke me wun<br> +ke nah wah<br> +ke ke che +</td> +<td> +ke she kudt<br> +ke she kuck<br> +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'koo'">ko</ins> se non<br> +me nah wah<br> +me ne zis<br> +me ze saih<br> +moo koo mon<br> +mun ne too<br> +mun ne toogk<br> +nah koo shah +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page7s" id = "page7s">7</a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of three syllables accented on the last.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +nah too way<br> +neen ah windt<br> +ne se tum<br> +ning ke che<br> +noo se non<br> +nowh ah quay<br> +oo che pway<br> +oo ke mah<br> +oo me squeem<br> +pah pah say<br> +pe me zeh +</td> +<td> +pe na sheeh<br> +pe pah kim<br> +pe she keh<br> +sah ke maih<br> +sah ke toodt<br> +se wah quahn<br> +shah kah nosh<br> +shong qua sheh<br> +shoo ne yah<br> +tah be schooch<br> +tah que shin +</td> +<td> +ta pain tungk<br> +ta pwa tungk<br> +tain ta seh<br> +wah ne toodt<br> +wah wah noon<br> +wa koo nain<br> +wa wa neh<br> +weje e shin<br> +wig ke waum<br> +we nah wah<br> +we wah quahn +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of four syllables, accented on the second and +fourth.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ah chit ah mooh<br> +ah kuck koo jeesh<br> +ah sun ah kooh<br> +ah wah se seh<br> +e nah pe yook<br> +ke pah e kun<br> +ke pim oo say<br> +ke tah e kun +</td> +<td> +me squah ta seh<br> +ne pwah kah win<br> +ne wah pah tahn<br> +oo ka yah wis<br> +oo mah kah keh<br> +oo mong ke zheh<br> +oo tah pe nick<br> +oo tah pe nun +</td> +<td> +oo ta e min<br> +oo que se mon<br> +oo wig ke waum<br> +pah ske se gun<br> +she kah kah winzhe<br> +ta pwa tah wick<br> +wah oo na seh +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page8s" id = "page8s">8</a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of four syllables accented on the <ins class = +"correction" title = "original text unchanged">sixth</ins>.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ah quah tah sheeh<br> +ah se ke nauk<br> +ah zhah wah maig<br> +ain tah che yungk<br> +ke zhe tah yook<br> +maun nah ta nis +</td> +<td> +na pwah kah chick<br> +pah kah ah quaih<br> +too too shah boo<br> +waug ke koo mon<br> +wah wah ska sheh +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of five syllables, a full accent on the last,<br> +and half accent on the second.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ah kin tah soo win<br> +ah nah me ah win<br> +ah ne she nah pay<br> +ah quah ne pe sahn<br> +ah sin ne se kah<br> +ke moo te schke win<br> +ke nah we schke win<br> +mah ze nah e kun<br> +me ne te we nun<br> +me skoo te se min<br> +me tig quah ke zin<br> +mon nain e te win<br> +ne kah ne se took +</td> +<td> +neeng ke te mah kis<br> +ne skah te se win<br> +nin tah wa mah took<br> +ne te ke koo took<br> +oo kah ke qua win<br> +oo zhe pe e kun<br> +pah kun te se win<br> +pah pah ke wah yahn<br> +shah wa ne te win<br> +sah ke e te win<br> +ween tah mah we shin<br> +we too kah we shin +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page9s" id = "page9s">9</a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Words of five syllables, accented on the first, the +third and last.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Pa zhe go kah zhee<br> +peen tah kah ta waun<br> +oo ke mah we win +</td> +<td> +oo te ke too win<br> +she pe koo pah tick<br> +wah ne squa se win +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h5>Accented on the two first and last.</h5> + +<p align = "center"> +Too toosh pim me tay +</p> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h5>Words of six syllables accented on the third and +last.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Kah ke pah te se win<br> +kah ke qua we ne neh<br> +kah nah wah pa me shin<br> +kah nah wa ne me shin +</td> +<td> +mah noo min e ka zheeh<br> +mah kah ta e ne neh<br> +e she wa pe se win<br> +ta pwa yain tah moo win +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline0.png" width = "54" height = "7" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Accented on the second and last.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +Ke too ke mah me non<br> +kah ke pah te se win<br> +na nahn tah we e waidt +</td> +<td> +oo mah ze nah e kun<br> +wah wah pe <ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'koo noo jhee'">ko noo jeeh</ins> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page10s" id = "page10s">10</a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/decline_double.png" width = "40" height = "6" +alt = "----"></p> + +<h5>Accented on the third and two last.</h5> + +<table class = "columns" summary = "word list"> +<tr> +<td> +ka ke noo ah mah kaidt<br> +mah che ah ye e wish +</td> +<td> +ah koo koo pe nah gun<br> +ah wah che wun nah gun +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h5>Accented on the 4th and last.</h5> + +<p align = "center"> +Ahn e me tah koo zin. +</p> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page11s" id = "page11s">11</a> +<h4 class = "chapter"><a name = "prayers" id = "prayers"> +THE LORD'S PRAYER.</a></h4> + +<h5>Ke-sha-mun-ne-too Oo-que-son +Oo-tah-<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'ne'">nu</ins>-me-tah-koo-se-win.</h5> + +<p><span class = "firstword">Neeng-ke-che</span> noo-se-non, Ish-pe-ming +a-yah-yun. Ka-che-mun-ne-too-we-ne-kah-soo-yun. +Ke-ke-che-ke-too-ke-mah-we-win pe-tah-we-she-nom. A-na-ne-me-wong-kane +oo-mah-ke-zhe ah-keeng ne-kah-e-she-<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'we'">wa</ins>-pe-se-min; tah-pe-schooch +a-she-wa-buk e-we-ty Ish-pe-ming. Me-she-she-nom ka-ne-tah-soo +ke-she-kuk me-chim pe-mah-te-se-win. Ki-ya pa-kah-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom +che-sah-ke-che-wa-pe-nah-mah-we-yong mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish, +nah-<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'sab'">sahb</ins>-e-koo +a-she shah-wa-ne-mong-ke-twah oo-kooh kah-pah-tah-e-yah-me-ke-chik, +ki-ya keen e-she-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom. Ka-goo we-kah ing-koo-chee +ah-ne-e-she-we-she-she-kah-kane che-nah-ne-sah-ne-se-yong; mah-noo +sah-koo kah-ke-nah shah-koo-te-nah-mah-we-she-nom mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish. +Keen-mah-ween ke te-pain-tahn ke-che-oo-ke-mah-we-win, ki-ya euh +ke-che-e-she-wa-pe-se-win, ki-ya euh ah-nah-me-ah-win +ka-che-me-nwa-tah-quok, kah-ke-nik ki-ya kah-ke-nik.—Amen.</p> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h4>GRACE BEFORE MEAT.</h4> + +<p class = "center">Ah-noo-shoo-tah-mah-ka-win, che-pwah-we-se-ningk.</p> + +<p>O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too Ish-pe-ming a-yah-yun, +Shah-wain-tah-mah-we-she-nom mahn-tdah me-<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'chim pe'">chim-pe</ins>-mah-te-se-win, +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page12s" id = "page12s">12</a> +kah-pah-ke-<ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads 'te- nah'">te-nah</ins>-mah-we-yongk; me-tdush +ka-oon-<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'je mah'">je-mah</ins>-skah-we-se-yongk +che-ah-noo-ke-tah-koo yun; me-owh Jesus Christ a-<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'pa'">spa</ins>-ne-moo-yongk. Amen.</p> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h4>GRACE AFTER MEAT.</h4> + +<p class = "center">Ah-noo-shoo-<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'tah -mah--ka'">tah-mah-ka</ins>-win, +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'kah--e'">kah-e</ins>-squah, +we-se-ningk.</p> + +<p>O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too, neeng-keche Noo-se-non, me-quaich wa-wa-neh +kah-we-se-ne-yongk noo-koom, ki-ya ain-tah-soo-ke-she-kuck +shah-wain-ne-me-yongk; me-sah-owh Jesus Christ kah-ke-nigk +ka-ah-pa-ne-<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'moo yongk'">moo-yongk</ins>. Amen.</p> + +</div> + +<!-- end div spelling --> + +<div class = "titlepage"> + +<h1 class = "three"> +<a name = "grammar_book" id = "grammar_book">SKETCH</a></h1> + +<h1 class = "six">OF</h1> + +<h1 class = "two extended"><b>GRAMMAR</b></h1> + +<h2 class = "six">OF THE</h2> + +<h2 class = "three extended">CHIPPEWAY LANGUAGE,</h2> + +<h3 class = "six">TO WHICH IS ADDED</h3> + +<h3 class = "four extended"><b>A VOCABULARY</b></h3> + +<h3 class = "five"><b>Of some of the most common Words.</b></h3> + +<p> </p> + +<hr class = "tiny"> + +<h6>BY JOHN SUMMERFIELD,<br> +alias,<br> +SAHGAHJEWAGAHBAHWEH.</h6> + +<hr class = "tiny"> + +<h5><b>Cazenovia:</b></h5> + +<h6>PRESS OF J. F. FAIRCHILD & SON.</h6> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h6>1834.</h6> + +</div> + + +<div class = "grammar"> + +<h4 class = "chapter">ADVERTISEMENT.</h4> + +<p>The following pages were written as an exercise for my leisure hours, +while attending the Oneida Conference Seminary during the past winter. +As it is the first attempt that, to my knowledge, has ever been made to +reduce the Chippeway language to any system, it cannot be expected to be +otherwise than imperfect, and perhaps may hereafter be found to be, in +some respects, erroneous. It is, however, as free from errors as my +present means have enabled me to make it. It has been printed at the +request of my friends, by a fellow student, at his own suggestion and +expense.</p> + +<p class = "right">J. SUMMERFIELD.</p> + +<p>Cazenovia, April 10, 1834.</p> + + + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page3g" id = "page3g">3</a> +<h4 class = "chapter">SKETCH OF GRAMMAR, &c.</h4> + +<hr class = "tiny"> + +<p>The Letters used in the Chippeway Language, are twenty-one, viz. A, +a; B, b; C, c; D, d; E, e; G, g; H, h; I, i; J, j; K, k; M, m; N, n; O, +o; P, p; Q, q; S, s; T, t; U, u; W, w; Y, y; Z, z. F, L, R, V, and X, +are not used.</p> + +<p>There are, in the Chippeway Language, ten parts of Speech, namely, +the <i>article</i>, the <i>noun</i>, the <i>pronoun</i>, the +<i>adjective</i>, the <i>verb</i>, the <i>participle</i>, the +<i>adverb</i>, the <i>preposition</i>, the <i>conjunction</i>, and the +<i>interjection</i>.</p> + + +<h4>OF THE ARTICLE.</h4> + +<p>There is but one Article, used definitely both in the masculine and +neuter genders, viz. Owh, the, m.; Ewh, the, n.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "nouns" id = "nouns">OF NOUNS.</a></h4> + +<p>A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing; as, Eneneh, man; +Kahdahnahqueeng, Kingston; metig, tree.</p> + +<p>Nouns are of two sorts, Common and Proper.</p> + +<p>Common Nouns stand for kinds containing many sorts, or for sorts +containing many individuals under them; as, Ahwaseeh, animal; eneneh, +man; kegownh, fish; penaseh, bird.</p> + +<p>Proper Nouns are the names appropriated to individuals, as, Charles, +Cazenovia, Ganges. [N.B. Proper names, with a few exceptions, are the +same as in English.]</p> + +<p>To Nouns belong gender, person, number, and case.</p> + +<h5>GENDER.</h5> + +<p>Gender is the distinction of nouns with regard to sex.</p> + +<p>Nouns have three genders, the masculine, the feminine, and the +neuter.</p> + +<p>The masculine gender denotes males; as, Eneneh, man.</p> + +<p>The feminine gender is applied to animals, fishes, and birds; as, +Nahbak, a she bear, &c.</p> + +<p>The neuter gender denotes things without sex; as, Wewahquon, a +hat.</p> + +<h5>NUMBER.</h5> + +<p>Number is the distinction of objects as one or more.</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page4g" id = "page4g">4</a> +<p>Nouns are of two numbers, the singular and the plural.</p> + +<p>The singular number implies but one object; as, Mahzenahegun, a +book.</p> + +<p>The plural number implies more than one; as, Mahzhenahegahnun, +books.</p> + +<h5>CASE.</h5> + +<p>Nouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and the +objective.</p> + +<p>The nominative case simply expresses the name of a thing, &c.; +as, Owh quewesanceoobahkahmegezeh, the boy plays.</p> + +<p>The possessive case expresses the relation of property or possession, +and always ends with the letter <i>o</i>; as, Noosayo wegewaum, my +father's house.</p> + +<p>The objective case expresses the object of an action or of relation; +as John owejeahn Charles, John assists Charles.</p> + +<p>Nouns may be declined in the following manner:</p> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th><em>Singular.</em></th> +<th><em>Plural.</em></th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Nom. Case,</td> +<td>Eneneh, man.</td> +<td>Enenewug, men.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Poss. Case,</td> +<td>Eneneho, man's.</td> +<td>Enenewugo, men's.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Obj. Case,</td> +<td>Eneneh, man.</td> +<td>Enenewug, men.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h4>OF PRONOUNS.</h4> + +<p>A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the +same word; as, Pahpenatum eneneh, the man is happy; Pahpenatum, he is +happy.</p> + +<h5>PERSONAL PRONOUNS.</h5> + +<p>There are three personal pronouns, viz. Neen, I; keen, thou; ween, +he; with their plurals, Nenahwind, we; kenahwah, ye or you; wenahwah, +they.</p> + +<p>Personal pronouns have person, number, gender and case.</p> + +<p>The persons of pronouns are three in each number, viz.</p> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td> +Neen, I, is the first person,<br> +Keen, thou, is the second person,<br> +Ween, he, is the third person,</td> +<td class = "middle"> +<img src = "images/curlybracket2.gif" width = "5" height = "95%" +alt = "}"></td> +<td class = "middle" colspan = "2"> +Singular.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +Nenahwind, we, is the first person,<br> +Kenahwah, you, is the second person,<br> +Wenahwah, they, is the third person,</td> +<td class = "middle"> +<img src = "images/curlybracket2.gif" width = "5" height = "95%" +alt = "}"></td> +<td class = "middle"> +Plural.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Number.</i>—Pronouns have two numbers, the singular and the +plural.</p> + +<p><a class = "pagenum" name = "page5g" id = "page5g">5</a> +<i>Case.</i>—Pronouns have three cases, the nominative, the +possessive, and the objective.</p> + +<p>Pronouns cannot be declined. The cases of each person have the same +form.</p> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td>First person.</td> +<th>Singular.</th> +<th>Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Nom.</td> +<td>Neen, I.</td> +<td>Nenahwind, we.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Poss.</td> +<td>Neen, mine.</td> +<td>Nenahwind, ours.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Obj.</td> +<td>Neen, me.</td> +<td>Nenahwind, us.</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h4><a name = "adjectives" id = "adjectives">OF +ADJECTIVES.</a></h4> + +<p>An Adjective is a word added to a noun to express its quality; as, +quahnoj eneneh, a good man; menwawezheh eneneh, an industrious man.</p> + +<p>Adjectives are not varied to agree with their nouns, nor do they have +any regular comparison.</p> + +<p>The following is a list of Numeral Adjectives:</p> + +<table class = "numbers" summary = "list of numbers"> +<tr> +<td>Pazhick,</td> +<td class = "number">1</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Neezhe,</td> +<td class = "number">2</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nesweh,</td> +<td class = "number">3</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Newin,</td> +<td class = "number">4</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nahnun,</td> +<td class = "number">5</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Ingoodwahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Neswahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">7</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Shahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Shongsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">9</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Metahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">10</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Metahsweh ahshepazhick,</p></td> +<td class = "number">11</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahsheneezhe,</td> +<td class = "number">12</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahshenesweh,</td> +<td class = "number">13</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahshenewin,</td> +<td class = "number">14</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahshenahnun,</td> +<td class = "number">15</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahsheingoodwahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">16</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahsheneswahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">17</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahsheswahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">18</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Metahsweh</span> ahsheshongsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">19</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nestahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">20</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nestahnah ahshepa<ins class = "correction" title = +"spelling as in original: expected form is '-zhick'">chick</ins>,</td> +<td class = "number">21</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Nestahnah</span> ahsheneezhe,</td> +<td class = "number">22</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Nestahnah</span> ahshenesweh,</td> +<td class = "number">23</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Nestahnah</span> ahshenewin,</td> +<td class = "number">24</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Nestahnah</span> ahshenahnun,</td> +<td class = "number">25</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nestahnah ahsheingoodwahsweh,</p></td> +<td class = "number">26</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Nestahnah</span> ahsheneswahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">27</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Nestahnah</span> ahsheshahsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">28</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class = "invisible">Nestahnah</span> ahsheshongsweh,</td> +<td class = "number">29</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nesemetahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">30</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nemedahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">40</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nahnemedahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">50</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Ingoodwahsemedahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">60</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Neswahsemedahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">70</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Swahsemedahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">80</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Shonggahswehmedahnah,</td> +<td class = "number">90</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Ingoodwak,</td> +<td class = "number">100</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nezhwak,</td> +<td class = "number">200</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Neswak,</td> +<td class = "number">300</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Newak,</td> +<td class = "number">400</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nahnwak,</td> +<td class = "number">500</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Ingoodwahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">600</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nezhahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">700</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Shawhswak,</td> +<td class = "number">800</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Shongahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">900</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Medahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">1000</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Neezhemedahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">2000</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Medahswehdahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">10,000</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nestahnahdahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">20,000</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nemedahnahdahswak,</td> +<td class = "number">40,000</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page6g" id = "page6g">6</a> +<h4><a name = "verbs" id = "verbs">OF VERBS.</a></h4> + +<p>A Verb is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer; as, +Nedahyah, I am; Nedebahkoonewa, I rule; Nedebahkoonegoo, +I am ruled.</p> + +<p>Verbs are of three kinds, active, passive, and neuter.</p> + +<p>A Verb Active expresses an action, and necessarily implies an agent +and an <ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads 'abject'">object</ins> acted upon; as, Nezhahgeah James, +I love James.</p> + +<p>A Verb Passive expresses passion or a suffering or the receiving of +an action, and implies an object acted upon, and an agent by which it is +acted upon; as, Chezhahwane­ding, to be loved; +John ooje­zhahwanemah neen, John is loved by me.</p> + +<p>A Verb Neuter expresses neither action nor passion, but being or a +state of being; as, Nenebah, I sleep; Nenahmahdub, I sit.</p> + +<p>Verbs have number, person, mood and tense.</p> + +<h5>NUMBER AND PERSON.</h5> + +<p>Verbs have two numbers, the singular and the plural.</p> + +<p>There are three persons in each number; as,</p> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td>Pers.</td> +<th>Singular.</th> +<th>Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">1.</td> +<td><p>Nezhahwanega, I love.</p></td> +<td><p>Nezhahwane­gamin, we love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">2.</td> +<td><p>Kezhahwanega, thou lovest.</p></td> +<td><p>Kezhahwane­gaim, you love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">3.</td> +<td><p>Zhawanega, he loves.</p></td> +<td><p>Zhahwanegawug, they love.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>MOOD.</h5> + +<p>The moods are five, Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Potential, +and the Infinitive.</p> + +<p>The Indicative declares or affirms positively, or it asks a question; +as, Zhahwanega, he loves; Zhahwaneganah? Does he love?</p> + +<p>The Subjunctive expresses action or passion in a doubtful manner; as, +Kespin zhahwane­gaid, if he loves.</p> + +<p>The Imperative is used for commanding, exhorting, and entreating; as, +Mahjahn keen, depart thou; Noodahmooyook, do thou listen.</p> + +<p>The Potential implies possibility, liberty, power, will; as, +Tahgemewan kahnahbuge, it may rain; Kegahwesenemin kiya kahmenequamin, +we shall eat and drink.</p> + +<p>The Infinitive simply expresses the signification of the verb; as, +Cheezechegang, to do; Chegegedoong, to speak.</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page7g" id = "page7g">7</a> +<h5>TENSE.</h5> + +<p>Verbs have six tenses, the present, the imperfect, the perfect, the +pluperfect, the first and second future tenses.</p> + +<p>The present tense represents a present action as taking place at the +time in which it is mentioned; as, Nebop, I laugh; Newob, +I see; Nedenadum, I think.</p> + +<p>The imperfect tense denotes past action or event however distant, +finished, but without defining the exact time of its completion; as, +Oodanongezahbahneeg ahpe naquaskahwod, they were travelling to the town +when he met them.</p> + +<p>The perfect tense refers not only to what is past but also conveys an +allusion to the present time; as, Ahzheh negegezhetoon nemahzhenahegun, +I have finished my letter.</p> + +<p>The pluperfect tense represents a thing, not only as past, but also +as prior to some other point of time specified in the sentence; as, +Ahzehnegegezhetonahbun letter chebwabedahgweshing, I had finished my +letter before he arrived.</p> + +<p>The first future tense represents the action as yet to come, either +with or without respect to the precise time when; as, Owh kezis +tahbemookahum wahbung, the sun will rise to-morrow.</p> + +<p>The second future tense represents a future action that will be +accomplished before another future action; as, Negahwesenenahbun +nahwahquaig, I shall have dined at twelve o'clock.</p> + +<p>A Verb is conjugated in the following manner:</p> + +<h4><a name = "to_love" id = "to_love"> +TO LOVE.—indicative mood.</a></h4> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Present Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>1. Nezhahwanega,</td> +<td>I love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>2. Kezhahwanega,</td> +<td>Thou lovest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>3. Zhahwanega,</td> +<td>He loves.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td>1. Nezhahwane­gamin,</td> +<td>We love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>2. Kezhahwane­gaim,</td> +<td>Ye or you love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>3. Zhahwanegawug,</td> +<td>They love.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>1. Nege­zhahwanega,</td> +<td>I loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>2. Kege­zhahwanega,</td> +<td>Thou lovedst.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>3. Kezhahwanega,</td> +<td>He loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case"> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page8g" id = "page8g">8</a> +Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Nege­zhahwane­gamin,</p></td> +<td>We loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kege­zhahwane­gaim,</p></td> +<td>Ye or you loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>3. Kezhawanegawug,</td> +<td>They loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Perfect.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>1. Ahzehnege­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>I have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Ahzehkege­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>Thou hast loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Ahzehke­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>He has loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Ahzehnege­zhahwane­gamin,</p></td> +<td>We have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Ahzehkege­zhahwane­gaim,</p></td> +<td><p>Ye or you have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Ahzehke­zhahwane­gawug,</p></td> +<td>They have loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Pluperfect.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>1. Ahzehnege­zhahwane­ganahbun,</p></td> +<td>I had loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Ahzehkege­zhahwane­ganahbun,</p></td> +<td>Thou hadst loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Ahzehke­zhahwane­gabun,</p></td> +<td>He had loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Ahzehnegezhawanegaminahbun,</p></td> +<td>We had loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Ahzehkege­zhahwane­gamwahbun,</p></td> +<td>You had loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Ahzehke­zhahwane­gabahneeg,</p></td> +<td>They had loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">First Future.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>1. Negah­zhahwanega,</td> +<td><p>I shall or will love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>2. Kegah­zhahwanega,</td> +<td><p>Thou shalt or wilt love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>3. Tahzhahwanega,</td> +<td><p>He shall or will love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Negah­zhahwane­gamin,</p></td> +<td><p>We shall or will love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kegah­zhahwane­gaim,</p></td> +<td><p>You shall or will love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahzhahwane­gawug,</p></td> +<td><p>They shall or will love.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Second Future.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>1. Negah­zhahwane­ganahbun,</p></td> +<td>I shall have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kegah­zhahwane­ganahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou wilt have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahzhahwane­gabun,</p></td> +<td>He will have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Negah­zhahwane­gaminahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>We shall have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kegah­zhahwane­gamwahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>You will have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahzhahwane­gabahneeg,</p></td> +<td><p>They will have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>IMPERATIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>1. Tahgahneenega­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>Let me love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Zhahwanegain, or<br> +Kezhahwane­ganah,</p></td> +<td><p>Love thou, or do thou love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahgahween tahzhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>Let him love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case"> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page9g" id = "page9g">9</a> +Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Tahgahnenahwind gahzhahwane­gamin,</p></td> +<td>Let us love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Zhahwanegayook, or Kezhahwane­gaimnah,</p></td> +<td><p>Love ye or you, or do you love.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahgahwenahwah tahzhahwane­gawug,</p></td> +<td>Let them love.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>POTENTIAL MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>1. Nedah­zhahwanega,</td> +<td>I may love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>2. Kedah­zhahwanega,</td> +<td>Thou mayest love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>3. Tahzhahwanega,</td> +<td>He may love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Nedah­zhahwane­gamin,</p></td> +<td>We may love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kedah­zhahwane­gaim,</p></td> +<td>You may love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahzhahwane­gawug.</p></td> +<td>They may love.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>1. Nedahge­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>I might love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kedahge­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>Thou mightest love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>3. Tahge­zhahwanega,</td> +<td>He might love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Nedahge­zhahwane­gamin,</p></td> +<td>We might love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kedahge­zhahwane­gaim,</p></td> +<td>You might love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahge­zhahwane­gawug,</p></td> +<td>They might love.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Perfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>1. Nedahgewe­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>I may have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kedahgewe­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mayst have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahgewe­zhahwanega,</p></td> +<td>He may have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Nedahgewe­zhahwane­gamin,</p></td> +<td>We may have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kedahgewe­zhahwane­gaim,</p></td> +<td>You may have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahgewe­zhahwane­gawug,</p></td> +<td><p>They may have loved.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Pluperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>1. Nedahgewe­zhahwane­ganahbun,</p></td> +<td>I might have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kedahgewe­zhahwane­ganahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mightest have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahgewe­zhahwane­gabun,</p></td> +<td><p>He might have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>1. Nedahgewe­zhahwane­gaminahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>We might have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>2. Kedahgewe­zhahwane­gamwahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>You might have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>3. Tahgewe­zhahwane­gabahneeg,</p></td> +<td><p>They might have loved.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page10g" id = "page10g">10</a> +<h5>SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­gayaun,</p></td> +<td>If I love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­gayun,</p></td> +<td>If thou lovest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwahnegaid,</p></td> +<td>If he loves.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­gayong,</p></td> +<td>If we love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­gayaig,</p></td> +<td>If you love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­gawod,</p></td> +<td>If they love.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>INFINITIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Pres.</td> +<td>Chezhahwane­gang, To love.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Perf.</td> +<td>Chege­zhahwane­gang, To have loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Fut.</td> +<td>Ahyegwahwe­zhahwane­gang, To be about to love.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>PARTICIPLES.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Present,</td> +<td>Zhahwaneding,</td> +<td>Loving.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Perfect,</td> +<td>Zhahwanemind,</td> +<td>Loved.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h4><a name = "to_be" id = "to_be"> +Conjugation of the Verb TO BE.</a></h4> + +<h5>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>Nedahyah,</td> +<td>I am.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kedahyah,</td> +<td>Thou art.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ahyah,</td> +<td>He is.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td>Nedahyahmin,</td> +<td>We are.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kedahyaum,</td> +<td>Ye or you are.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ahyahwug,</td> +<td>They are.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>Nedahyahnahbun,</td> +<td>I was.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kedahyahnahbun,</td> +<td>Thou wast.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ahyahbun,</td> +<td>He was.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td>Nedahyahmenahbun,</td> +<td>We were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kedahyahmwahbun,</td> +<td>You were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ahyahbahneeg,</td> +<td>They were.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Perfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>Negeahyahnahbun,</td> +<td>I have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kegeahyahnahbun,</td> +<td>Thou hast been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Keahyahbun,</td> +<td>He has been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td>Negeahyahmin,</td> +<td>We have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page11g" id = "page11g">11</a> +</td> +<td>Kegeahyaum,</td> +<td>You have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Keahyahwug,</td> +<td>They have been.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Pluperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>Nedahgeweahyahnahbun,</p></td> +<td>I had been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kedahgeweahyahnahbun,</p></td> +<td>Thou hadst been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Keweahyahbun,</td> +<td>He had been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td>Nedahgeweahyahmin,</td> +<td>We had been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kedahgeweahyaum,</td> +<td>You had been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Keahyahbahneeg,</td> +<td>They had been.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">First Future Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>Negahahyah,</td> +<td>I shall be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kegahahyah,</td> +<td>Thou wilt be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahahyah,</td> +<td>He will be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td>Negahahyahmin,</td> +<td>We shall be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kegahahyaum,</td> +<td>You will be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahahyahwug,</td> +<td>They will be.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Second Future Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>Negahgeahyahnahbun,</td> +<td>I shall have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kegahgeahyahnahbun,</td> +<td><p>Thou wilt have been.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahgeahyahbun,</td> +<td>He will have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>Negahgeahyahmenahbun,</p></td> +<td>We shall have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kegahgeahyahmwahbun,</p></td> +<td>You will have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahgeahyahbahneeg,</td> +<td><p>They will have been.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>IMPERATIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>Tahgahnenegahahyah,</td> +<td>Let me be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ahyaun kegeahyahun,</td> +<td><p>Be thou or do thou be.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahgahweendahahyah,</td> +<td>Let him be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td colspan = "2">Tahgahnenahwindnegahahyahmin, Let us be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ahyahyook,</td> +<td><p>Be ye or you or do you be.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahgahdahahyahwug,</td> +<td>Let them be.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>POTENTIAL MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah-nedahahyah,</p></td> +<td>I may be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-kedahahyah,</p></td> +<td>Thou mayst be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Koonemah-dahahyah,</td> +<td>He may be.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah-nedahahyahmin,</p></td> +<td>We may be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page12g" id = "page12g">12</a> +</td> +<td><p>Koonemah-kedahahyaum,</p></td> +<td>You may be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-dahahyahwug,</p></td> +<td>They may be.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah-nedahgeahyah,</p></td> +<td>I might be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-kedahgeahyah,</p></td> +<td>Thou mightest be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-tahgeahyah,</p></td> +<td>He might be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah-nedahgeahyahmin,</p></td> +<td>We might be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-kedahgeahyaum,</p></td> +<td>You might be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-tahgeahyahwug,</p></td> +<td>They might be.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Perfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah-nedahgeahyahnahbun,</p></td> +<td>I may have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-kedahgeahyahnahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mayst have been.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah-tahgeahyahbun,</p></td> +<td>He may have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah nedahgeahyahminnahbun,</p></td> +<td>We may have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah kedahgeahyahmwahbun,</p></td> +<td>You may have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah tahgeahyahbahneeg,</p></td> +<td>They may have been.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Pluperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah nedahgeweahyahnahbun,</p></td> +<td>I might have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah kedahgeweahyahnahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mightest have been.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah tahgeweahyahbun,</p></td> +<td>He might have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Koonemah nedahgeweahgahmenanbun,</p></td> +<td>We might have been.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah kedahgeweahyahmwahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>You might have been.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Koonemah tahgeweahyahbahneeg,</p></td> +<td><p>They might have been.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td>Kespin ahyahyaun,</td> +<td>If I be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kespin ahyahyun,</td> +<td>If thou be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kespin ahyaud,</td> +<td>If he be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td>Kespin ahyahyong,</td> +<td>If we be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kespin ahyahyaig,</td> +<td>If you be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kespin ahyahwaud,</td> +<td>If they be.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Sing.</td> +<td><p>Kespin ahyahyahbaun,</p></td> +<td>If I were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page13g" id = "page13g">13</a> +</td> +<td>Kespin ahyahyahbun,</td> +<td>If thou wert.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kespin ahyahpun,</td> +<td>If he were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plur.</td> +<td><p>Kespin ahyahyongebun,</p></td> +<td>If we were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin ahyahyaigoobun,</p></td> +<td>If you were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kespin ahyahwahpun,</td> +<td>If they were.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>INFINITIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Present.</td> +<td>Cheahyong, To be.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Perfect.</td> +<td>Chegeahyong, To have been.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>PARTICIPLES.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Pres.</td> +<td>Ahyong, Being.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Perf.</td> +<td>Ahyod, Been.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h4><a name = "to_be_loved" id = "to_be_loved"> +Conjugation of the Passive Verb TO BE LOVED.</a></h4> + +<h5>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td>Nezhahwane­megoo,</td> +<td>I am loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kezhahwane­megoo,</td> +<td>Thou art loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Zhahwanemah,</td> +<td>He is loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td>Nezhahwane­megoomin,</td> +<td>We are loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kezhahwane­megoom,</td> +<td>You are loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Zhahwanemahwug,</td> +<td>They are loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Nezhahwane­megoonahbun,</p></td> +<td>I was loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kezhahwane­megoonahbun,</p></td> +<td>Thou wast loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Zhahwanemahbun,</td> +<td>He was loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Nezhahwane­megoomenahbun,</p></td> +<td>We were loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kezhahwane­megoomwahbun,</p></td> +<td>You were loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Zhahwanemahbahneeg,</td> +<td>They were loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Perfect.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td>Nege­zhahwane­megoo,</td> +<td>I have been loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page14g" id = "page14g">14</a> +</td> +<td>Kege­zhahwane­megoo,</td> +<td><p>Thou hast been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kezhahwanemah,</td> +<td>He has been loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Nege­zhahwane­megoomin,</p></td> +<td>We have been loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kege­zhahwane­megoom,</td> +<td><p>You have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kezhahwane­mahwug,</td> +<td><p>They have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Pluperfect.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Nege­zhahwane­megoonahbun,</p></td> +<td>I had been loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kege­zhahwane­megoonahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou hadst been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kezhahwane­mahbun,</td> +<td>He had been loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Nege­zhahwane­megoomenahbun,</p></td> +<td>We had been loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kege­zhahwane­megoomwahbun,</p></td> +<td>You had been loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kezhahwane­mahbahneeg,</p></td> +<td><p>They had been loved.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">First Future.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td>Negah­zhahwane­megoo,</td> +<td>I shall be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kegah­zhahwane­megoo,</td> +<td>Thou wilt be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tazhahwanemah,</td> +<td>He will be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Negah­zhahwane­megoomin,</p></td> +<td>We shall be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kegah­zhahwane­megoom,</p></td> +<td>You will be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahzhahwane­mahwug,</td> +<td>They will be loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Second Future.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Negahge­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td><p>I shall have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kegahge­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou wilt have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Tahge­zhahwanemah,</td> +<td><p>He will have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Negahge­zhahwane­megoomin,</p></td> +<td><p>We shall have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kegahge­zhahwane­megoom,</p></td> +<td><p>You will have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Tahge­zhahwane­mahwug,</p></td> +<td><p>They will have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>IMPERATIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<th>Singular.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgahnenegah zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td>Let me be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page15g" id = "page15g">15</a> +<p>Tahgahkegah zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td><p>Be thou loved or<br> +do thou be loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgahween tahzhahwanemah,</p></td> +<td>Let him be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Plural.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgahnenahwind negah­zhahwane­megoomin,</p></td> +<td>Let us be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgahkenahwah kahzhahwane­megoom,</p></td> +<td><p>Be you loved or do you be loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgahwenahwah tahzhahwane­mahwug,</p></td> +<td>Let them be loved.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>POTENTIAL MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<th>Singular.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahkoonemah­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td>I may be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahkoonemah­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mayest be loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahkoonemah­zhahwanemah,</p></td> +<td>He may be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Plural.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahkoonemah­zhahwane­megoomin,</p></td> +<td>We may be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahkoonemah­zhahwane­megoom,</p></td> +<td>You may be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahkoonemah­zhahwane­mahwug,</p></td> +<td>They may be loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Singular.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahgekoonemah­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td>I might be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahgekoonemah­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mightest be loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgekoonemah­zhahwanemah,</p></td> +<td>He might be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Plural.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahgekoonemah­zhahwane­megoomin,</p></td> +<td>We might be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahgekoonemah­zhahwane­megoom,</p></td> +<td>You might be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgekoonemah­zhahwane­mahwug,</p></td> +<td><p>They might be loved.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Perfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Singular.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td><p>I may have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoo,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mayest have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgekoonemahke­zhahwanemah,</p></td> +<td><p>He may have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Plural.</th> +<td> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page16g" id = "page16g">16</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoomin,</p></td> +<td><p>We may have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoom,</p></td> +<td><p>You may have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­mahwug,</p></td> +<td><p>They may have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Pluperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Singular.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoonahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>I might have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoonahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>Thou mightest have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­mahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>He might have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Plural.</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoomenahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>We might have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kedahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­megoomwahbun,</p></td> +<td><p>You might have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tahgekoonemahke­zhahwane­mahbahneeg,</p></td> +<td><p>They might have been loved.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<caption>Present Tense.</caption> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyaun,</p></td> +<td>If I be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyun,</p></td> +<td>If thou be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­mind,</p></td> +<td>If he be loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "case">Plural.</td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyong,</p></td> +<td>If we be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyaig,</p></td> +<td>If you be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­mindwah,</p></td> +<td>If they be loved.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Imperfect Tense.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Singular.</td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyahbaun,</p></td> +<td>If I were loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyahbun,</p></td> +<td>If thou wert loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­mindebun,</p></td> +<td>If he were loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case"> +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page17g" id = "page17g">17</a> +Plural.</td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyonggebun,</p></td> +<td>If we were loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­megooyaiggoobun,</p></td> +<td>If you were loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>Kespin zhahwane­mindwahbun,</p></td> +<td>If they were loved.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>INFINITIVE MOOD.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Present.</td> +<td>Chezhahwane­megoong, To be loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Perfect.</td> +<td>Chege­zhahwane­megoong, To have been loved.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>PARTICIPLES.</h5> + +<table class = "paradigm" summary = "conjugation or declension"> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Present.</td> +<td>Zhahwanemegoong,</td> +<td>Being loved.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "case">Perfect.</td> +<td>Zhahwanemind,</td> +<td>Loved.</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h4><a name = "partic" id = "partic">OF +PARTICIPLES.</a></h4> + +<p>A Participle is a word derived from a Verb, and has the nature of a +verb and also of an adjective.</p> + +<p>Verbs have two participles, the present and the perfect.</p> + +<p>The present participle denotes action or being continued, but not +finished. It generally ends in <i>ing</i>, <i>eng</i>, or <i>g</i>; as, +Tebahkooneding, Ruling, &c.</p> + +<p>The perfect participle denotes action or being, finished. This can +also be distinguished by its ending in <i>ed</i> or <i>d</i>; as Pahpid, +laughed; Shoshomequanid, smiled.</p> + + +<h4>OF ADVERBS.</h4> + +<p>An Adverb is a word used to modify the sense of a verb, &c.; as, +Kagate quahnoj eneneh, a truly good man.</p> + +<h5 class = "list">List of Adverbs:</h5> + +<p>1. Ingooding, once; neshing, twice; nesing, thrice.</p> + +<p>2. Netum, first; Esquache, lastly.</p> + +<p>3. Omah, here; ahnedeh, where; negoojee, somewhere; kahweenegoojee, +nowhere; ishpeming nahkayah, upward; nesahye-ee nahkayah, downward; +esquayong nahkayah, backward; negaun nahkayah, forward, &c.</p> + +<p>4. Noogoom, now; chekezheguk, to-day; mawezhah, long ago; +pejenahgooh, yesterday; noomahyah, lately; wahbung, to-morrow; bahmah, +by and by; kahmahsheh, not yet; kahyahsekah, instantly; waweeb, +immediately.</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page18g" id = "page18g">18</a> +<p>5. Pahgee, little; ahneenmenik, how much.</p> + +<p>6. Koonemah, perhaps; mekahweh, perchance.</p> + +<p>7. Kagate, verily; aahe, yes, &c.</p> + +<p>8. Kah, no; kahweengahnahga, not at all.</p> + +<p>9. Ahneen, how; ahneeshnah, why; ahnahpe, when.</p> + +<p>10. Nahwuj, more; kagahkoo, most.</p> + + +<h4>OF PREPOSITIONS.</h4> + +<p>Prepositions serve to connect words with one another and to show the +relation between them; as, Cazenove angkeojemahjahkezhodt York, he went +from Cazenovia to York.</p> + +<h5 class = "list">List of Prepositions:</h5> + +<p>Pahzhejahye-ee, over; ahnahmahye-ee, under; shepahye-ee, through; +ishpeming, above; nesahye-ee, below; keoonjee, from; peoonjee, from; +ahwashema, beyond; chegahye-ee, near; negaun, before; Ishquayong, +behind; wahsah, off; oogejahye-ee, on or upon; magwaahye-ee, among; +ahzheh, after; ahpahgahjeahye-ee, against; ahgahmahye-ee, across; +kewetahye-ee, around; nahwahye-ee, amidst; enahkayah, toward, +&c.</p> + + +<h4>OF CONJUNCTIONS.</h4> + +<p>A Conjunction is a word used to connect sentences, so as out of two +to make one.</p> + +<p>Conjunctions are of two sorts, the Copulative and the +Disjunctive.</p> + +<p>The following are some of the Conjunctions:</p> + +<p><i>Cop.</i> Kiya, and; Kespin, if; Owh, that; nahyanze, both; +dushween, then; ahpe, since; mesah, therefore; ahnesh, wherefore.</p> + +<p><i>Dis.</i> Atah, but; ahzheh, as; dush, than; koone, though; +mahmesahwahwah, unless; kespuge, except; pooch, yet.</p> + + +<h4>OF INTERJECTIONS.</h4> + +<p>An Interjection is a word used to express the sudden emotions of the +speaker; as, Tahwah! pemahdezewin +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page19g" id = "page19g">19</a> +nelojegootoge! Alas! I fear for life! O neboowin! +Ahneshekewesahgandahmoowin? O death! Where is thy sting?</p> + +<h5 class = "list">List of Interjections:</h5> + +<p><i>Earnestness</i> or <i>Grief</i>; O! ah! tahwah, alas!</p> + +<p><i>Joy</i>; Yahhahne! yahhahne! &c.</p> + +<p><i>Wonder</i>; Mahmahkahdahkahmig, strange! hahe, hah!</p> + +<p><i>Aversion</i>; Saih! ahwas, away!</p> + +<p><i>Attention</i>; Nah, hark! Nahbin, behold!</p> + +<p><i>Surprise</i> or <i>Fear</i>; Ingee! Tauneyohne! yohe!</p> + +<p><i>Laughter</i>; Ha! ha! ha!</p> + +<p><i>Requesting silence</i>; Easta, hist! pezahnahbin, silence!</p> + +<p><i>Calling</i>; ahneene, halloo!</p> + +<p><i>Salutation</i>; Mequaich, welcome!</p> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h5><a name = "fable" id = "fable">A FABLE—[Translated from the +English.]</a></h5> + +<h4>OWH WAHGOOSH KIYA EWH MASK.</h4> + +<p class = "mynote"> +The second page of the "Fable" is imperfectly reproduced, so the last +letter on each printed line is conjectural. They are shown here in +<em>lighter type</em>.</p> + +<p>Kegahweendahmoonin kache dahkooahyod ahdesookaun, kecheoneshesheh +dushweengooh.</p> + +<p>Wahgoosh ingooding keezhahgoobun haberdashero dahdahwawegahmig. Emah +metahskahkahmig ahyahtanegoobun kache gwahnahjewong mask, keoonje +ozhechegahdagoobun ahwegah cheahyood mamahjenood ahpe herongh azhe +obahkahmegezhejin. Ewh mask egewh mawezhah, meowh ahpe owh ahdesookaun +tebaindahgowk, ahgwahnahung kahkenah ewh ostegwan dahgooh helmiting, +kiya kahwekah mamahjenood ezheoobahkahmegezhese ayahsenenegoon. +Mahmahdah wechegawenebun, owhdush ezhechegang kahweendush kedahwahbahdah +zhenon ewh odangowh owh wabahkahmegezid, kiya koonemah +anahnookewenegwain nahchebahpid or mahwid, ewh mask ahpun ewh nahsob +azhenahgowk.</p> + +<p>Owh wahgoosh kahgezheyaindum, wahjapezeh. Oge quakenon ewh mask +menahwah kiya menahwah. Oge gahnahwahbahdaun emah ahgwahjeeye-ee, kiya +gahnahwahbahdaun emah peenjahye-ee.</p> + +<p>Ewh ahgwahjeeye-ee keche shooshoo ahyahgoobun +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page20g" id = "page20g">20</a> +kiya kegezhechegahdagoobun! Ewh peenjahye-ee weba<em>h</em>goobun. +Kagate onesheshin oostegwan ayaug omah, ekedoo owh wahgoosh; kagate +mejenahwa yahdahkahmi<em>g</em> kahwenaindib ahyahsenoog!</p> + +<p>Nahnind quahnoj quewesansug ahyahwug kiya equasansug kemahzheh +ekoogenedwah oowh enaindahmoowo<em>d</em> kahween kagoo ohbahbah +mahndahsenahwah, ewh ata<em>h</em> oobeshegadahgoosewenewah, +ahgoonwatahtesuwod kagoo chekekadahmoowod medush azhe quakeskahwod +<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'enahka-/yah' at line break">enahkahkayah</ins> +wahwazheowening. Koonemah eneneh odah ahtoo<em>d</em> ewh onindj emah +ostegwahning onowh pazhik kiya tahekedooh kahekedood owh wahgoosh +kagate sahquahno<em>j</em> owh oostegwan omah ayog kagate sah mejenah +wayahdahkahmig ahyah senoog ewh wenaindib.</p> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<p>Eneneh tahezhah ishpeming, ahyahnzig menoo bemahdezewin, ahyahnzig +kechetwahwezewin, ahyahnzig ogemahwewin, ahyahnzig kekenooahmahdewin, +ahyahwahsig wejekewayun; kah dushween tahezhahsee ewhety ishpeming +ahyahwahsig Christ.</p> + +<p>A man may go to heaven without health, without wealth, without honor, +without learning, without friends; but he can never go to heaven without +Christ.</p> + + + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page21g" id = "page21g">21</a> +<h4><a name = "formation" id = "formation"> +OF THE FORMATION OF WORDS.</a></h4> + +<p>It is difficult with us to speak the words themselves.—The +words <i>odoon</i>, <i>onik</i>, <i>okod</i>, <i>ozid</i>, <i>okun</i>, +do not mean respectively, <i>mouth</i>, <i>arm</i>, <i>leg</i>, +<i>foot</i>, <i>bone</i>; but <i>his mouth</i>, <i>his arm</i>, <i>his +leg</i>, <i>his foot</i>, <i>his bone</i>. By leaving out the letter +<i>o</i> we have the words <i>mouth</i>, <i>arm</i>, <i>&c.</i> +themselves: thus, <i>doon</i>, <i>nik</i>, <i>kod</i>, <i>zid</i>, +<i>kun</i>. The former is the usual way of speaking, the latter is +correct.</p> + +<p>By the following illustration it will be better understood how words +are formed:</p> + +<table summary = "word formation"> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td> +<th>my</th> +<th>thy <em>or</em> your</th> +<th>his</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nindj,</td> +<td><i>a hand</i>,</td> +<td>nenindj,</td> +<td>kenindj,</td> +<td>onindj,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nik,</td> +<td><i>an arm</i>,</td> +<td>nenik,</td> +<td>kenik,</td> +<td>onik,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Doon,</td> +<td><i>a mouth</i>,</td> +<td>nedoon</td> +<td>kedoon,</td> +<td>odoon,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Bid,</td> +<td><i>a tooth</i>,</td> +<td>nebid,</td> +<td>kebid,</td> +<td>owebid,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Daih,</td> +<td><i>a heart</i>,</td> +<td>nedaih,</td> +<td>kedaih,</td> +<td>odaih,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Kown,</td> +<td><i>a liver</i>,</td> +<td>nekown,</td> +<td>kekown,</td> +<td>okown,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Kun,</td> +<td><i>a bone</i>,</td> +<td>nekun,</td> +<td>kekun,</td> +<td>okun,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Skunze,</td> +<td><i>a nail</i>,</td> +<td>neskunze,</td> +<td>keskunze,</td> +<td>oskunze,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Kod,</td> +<td><i>a leg</i>,</td> +<td>nekod,</td> +<td>kekod,</td> +<td>okod,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Bowm,</td> +<td><i>a thigh</i>,</td> +<td>nebowm,</td> +<td>kebowm,</td> +<td>obowm,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dis,</td> +<td><i>a navel</i>,</td> +<td>nedis,</td> +<td>kedis,</td> +<td>odis,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Pun,</td> +<td><i>a light</i>,</td> +<td>nepun,</td> +<td>kepun,</td> +<td>opun,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Zid,</td> +<td><i>a foot</i>,</td> +<td>nezid,</td> +<td>kezid,</td> +<td>ozid,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Yos,</td> +<td><i>flesh</i>,</td> +<td>neyos,</td> +<td>keyos,</td> +<td>oweyos,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Yowh,</td> +<td><i>a body</i>,</td> +<td>neyowh,</td> +<td>keyowh,</td> +<td>oweyowh,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Oose,</td> +<td><i>father</i>,</td> +<td>noose,</td> +<td>koose,</td> +<td>osun,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gah,</td> +<td><i>mother</i>,</td> +<td>negah,</td> +<td>kegah,</td> +<td>ogeen,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Siyahn,</td> +<td><i>brother</i>,</td> +<td>nesiyahn,</td> +<td>kesiyahn,</td> +<td>osiyayun,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Shema,</td> +<td><i>sister</i>,</td> +<td>neshema,</td> +<td>keshema,</td> +<td>oshemayun,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Tahwug,</td> +<td><i>an ear</i>,</td> +<td>netahwug,</td> +<td>ketahwug,</td> +<td>otahwug.</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<a name = "page22g" id = "page22g"> </a> + + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page23g" id = "page23g">23</a> + +<h3><a name = "vocab" id = "vocab"><b>VOCABULARY.</b></a></h3> + +<hr class = "tiny"> + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p>Alphabetization is as in the original.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<a href = "#vocab_a"> A </a> +<a href = "#vocab_b"> B </a> +<a href = "#vocab_c"> C </a> +<a href = "#vocab_d"> D </a> +<a href = "#vocab_e"> E </a> +<a href = "#vocab_h"> H </a> +<a href = "#vocab_i"> I </a> +<a href = "#vocab_k"> K </a> +<a href = "#vocab_m"> M </a> +<a href = "#vocab_n"> N </a><br> +<a href = "#vocab_o"> O </a> +<a href = "#vocab_p"> P </a> +<a href = "#vocab_q"> Q </a> +<a href = "#vocab_s"> S </a> +<a href = "#vocab_t"> T </a> +<a href = "#vocab_u"> U </a> +<a href = "#vocab_w"> W </a> +<a href = "#vocab_z"> Z </a></p> +</div> + + +<div class = "vocab"> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_a" id = "vocab_a" href = "#vocab">A.</a></p> + +<p>Aahe, adv. yes</p> + +<p>Ahbenoojhee, n. a child</p> + +<p>Ahbewin, n. a room</p> + +<p>Ahnind, adj. some</p> + +<p>Ahpe, adv. then, when</p> + +<p>Ahkeh, n. the earth</p> + +<p>Ahkeeng, in the earth</p> + +<p>Ahzheh, adv. after</p> + +<p>Ahneendeh, adv. where?</p> + +<p>Ahyahyun, v. art thou</p> + +<p>Ahweyah, n. a certain one</p> + +<table class = "inline" summary = "paired words"> +<tr> +<td>Ahnung, sing.,<br> +Ahnungoog, plu.</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +<img src = "images/curlybracket2.gif" width = "5" height = "95%" +alt = "}"></td> +<td class = "middle">n. a star</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Ahyah, v. he is, was</p> + +<p>Ahneen, adv. how?</p> + +<p>Ahwon, n. fog, dew, mist</p> + +<p>Ahsin, n. a stone</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'Ahnewh'">Ahnweh</ins>, +n. a bullet</p> + +<p>Ahnahquod, n. a cloud</p> + +<p>Ahnookewin, n. a work</p> + +<p>Ahnemeke, n. thunder</p> + +<p>Ahkoozewin, n. sickness</p> + +<p>Ahpahbewin, n. a saddle, or a thing to sit on</p> + +<p>Ahpwahgun, n. a pipe</p> + +<p>Ahnahpe, adv. when</p> + +<p>Ahgwahnahung, pt. covered</p> + +<p>Ahgwahjeeng, outdoors</p> + +<p>Ahpequashemoon, n. pillow</p> + +<table class = "inline" summary = "paired words"> +<tr> +<td>Ahkookoobenahgun<br> +Ahwahjewahnahgun</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +<img src = "images/curlybracket2.gif" width = "5" height = "95%" +alt = "}"></td> +<td class = "middle">n. a basket, the latter signifies a vessel to carry +or gather with</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Ahnahmeahwin, n. religion</p> + +<p>Aindahnahbid, v. sitteth</p> + +<p>Aindahyaun, n. my house or home</p> + +<p>Aiskum, adv. more</p> + +<p>Anwahchegaid, n. a prophet</p> + +<p>Amequahn, n. a spoon</p> + +<p>Atah, conj. but</p> + +<p>Ahsamah, n. tobacco</p> + +<p>Ahnahmahkahmig, Ahnahmahkeeng, under the earth or ground</p> + +<p>Ahgahming, n. other side</p> + +<p>Ahyahmook, v. receive it, or take it</p> + +<p>Ahshum, v. feed him, or give him something to eat</p> + +<p>Ahgahwahta, n. a shadow</p> + +<p>Ahwashema, prep. beyond</p> + +<p>Ahgwewin, n. a garment</p> + +<p>Ahgookayowh, n. a bait, or something to allure animals to a snare</p> + +<p>Ahgahjewin, n. bashfulness</p> + +<p>Ahquahnebesohn, n. rainbow</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page24g" id = "page24g">24</a> + +<table class = "inline" summary = "paired words"> +<tr> +<td>Azhenekahdaig<br> +Adahming</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +<img src = "images/curlybracket2.gif" width = "5" height = "95%" +alt = "}"></td> +<td class = "middle">n. name of a thing or place. In asking a question +we say what is the name of that thing or place?</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Ahgwahjeeye-ee, n. outside</p> + +<p>Anahnookewenegwain, business, or it was his business</p> + +<p>Anaindahmon, n. thy will</p> + +<p>Azheahyog, v. as it is</p> + +<p>Azhegooh, v. as we</p> + +<p>Azhemahmahjenoojin, part. played or acted</p> + +<p>Ahgoonwatahdezoowod, v. they refuse</p> + +<p>Ahyahsenenegoon, when there is none or no</p> + +<p>Ainind, pt. called</p> + +<p>Ahwas, adv. away</p> + +<p>Ahsub, n. a net</p> + +<p>Ahyog, is here</p> + +<p>Ahpugn, adv. always, usually, the same</p> + +<p>Ahmooh, n. a bee</p> + +<p>Ahmik, n. a beaver</p> + +<p>Ahnim, n. a mean fellow</p> + +<p>Ahnit, n. a spear</p> + +<p>Ahnebeesh, n. a leaf</p> + +<p>Ahnwabewin, n. a rest</p> + +<p>Ahnahmeawegahmig, n. a church, meeting-house, or praying-house</p> + +<p>Ahskekoomon, n. lead</p> + +<p>Ahskahtowhe, n. a skin or hide</p> + +<p>Asquach, adv. falsely, vain</p> + +<p>Ahdesookaun, n. story, fable</p> + +<p>Ahnwahtin, not boisterous</p> + +<p>Ahwebah, n. or adj. calm</p> + +<p>Ahkahkahzha, n. coal</p> + +<p>Ahyegagah, adv. soon, directly</p> + +<p>Ahnoodezeh, adv. greedy</p> + +<p>Ahnowh, prep. though</p> + +<p>Ahtoon, put it down</p> + +<p>Ahneenmenik, adv. how much</p> + +<p>Ahneendeh, adv. where</p> + +<p>Ahneendehnahkayah, adv. which way</p> + +<p>Ahnahmahye-ee, prep. under</p> + +<p>Ahpahgahjeahye-ee, prep. against</p> + +<p>Ahyahwug, v. there are</p> + +<p>Ahgahmahye-ee, prep. across</p> + +<p>Ahneeshnah, adv. why</p> + +<p>Ahdick, n. a rein-deer</p> + +<p>Ahjedahmoo, n. a red squirrel</p> + +<p>Ahsahnahgoo, n. a black squirrel</p> + +<p>Ahgwegoos, n. a chip-monk</p> + +<p>Ahkuckoojeesh, n. a ground-hog</p> + +<p>Ahdoomahkoomasheeh, n. a monkey, which signifies louse catcher or +hunter</p> + +<p>Ahnemoosh, n. a dog</p> + +<p>Aasebun, n. a raccoon</p> + +<p>Aayabegoo, n. an ant</p> + +<p>Aayanee, n. opossum</p> + +<p>Ahzhahwahmaig, n. a salmon</p> + +<p>Ahshegun, n. rock-bass</p> + +<p>Ahgwahdahsheh, n. sun-fish</p> + +<p>Ahwahsesee, n. cat-fish</p> + +<p>Ahmahkahkee, n. a toad</p> + +<p>Ahgoonaqua, n. tree-toad</p> + +<p>Ahndaig, n. a raven</p> + +<p>Ahshahgeh, n. a crane</p> + +<p>Ahsegenak, n. a black-bird</p> + +<p>Ahjegahdashib, n. water-hen</p> + +<p>Ahsenesekab, n. gravel</p> + +<p>Ahkik, n. a kettle</p> + +<p>Ahbewh, n. a paddle</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page25g" id = "page25g">25</a> + +<p>Ahzod, n. poplar</p> + +<p>Ahneshenahbay, n. an Indian man</p> + +<p>Apahgeeshemoog, n. west</p> + +<p>Ahahwa, n. a species of duck</p> + +<p>Ahwahkaun, n. cattle</p> + +<p>Ahgahwosk, n. gypsum</p> + +<p>Ahshahwask, n. a sword</p> + +<p>Ahgwesemon, n. a pumpkin</p> + +<p>Ahgwejekinzhaegun, n. an and-iron</p> + +<p>Ahskebug, n. a green leaf</p> + +<p>Ahgahwahtaown, n. an umbrella</p> + +<p>Ahdahwaweneneh, n. a merchant</p> + +<p>Ahkahnok, n. a corn-cob</p> + +<p>Azheshahwask, n. a rifle</p> + +<p>Ahnejemin, n. pease</p> + +<p>Auskig, n. a seal</p> + +<p>Ahgookewahsegun, n. sealing-wax</p> + +<p>Ahpahgedoon, v. throw it</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_b" id = "vocab_b" href = "#vocab">B.</a></p> + +<p>Bakah, v. to stop</p> + +<p>Bahmah, adv. by and by</p> + +<p>Bazhig, adj. one</p> + +<p>Bahtay, n. smoke</p> + +<p>Bahgaun, n. a nut</p> + +<p>Bahbegwon, n. a bugle</p> + +<p>Bakahnuk, adj. the other</p> + +<p>Bahnahjetoon, v. destroy it</p> + +<p>Bahtahzewin, n. sin</p> + +<p>Bahgundahegawegahmig, n. a barn, or a house to thresh grain in</p> + +<p>Bewegahegun, n. a chip</p> + +<p>Bemahdezewin, n. life</p> + +<p>Beezhahyaun, v. if I come</p> + +<p>Bemoosain, v. to walk</p> + +<p>Bewahbik, n. iron</p> + +<p>Bedoon, v. bring it, or fetch it</p> + +<p>Benetoon, v. clean it</p> + +<p>Boodahwahgun, n. chimney, fire-place</p> + +<p>Bewuyh, n. fur</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_c" id = "vocab_c" href = "#vocab">C.</a></p> + +<p>Chegahye-ee, prep. near</p> + +<p>Cheahnwabing, v. to rest</p> + +<p>Cheshahdahegun, n. broom, sweeping instrument</p> + +<p>Chepahping, pt. laughing</p> + +<p>Chebwah, prep. before</p> + +<p>Chebuyh, n. a corpse, dead body</p> + +<p>Chemaun, n. a boat, a canoe</p> + +<p>Chemenewung, v. to yield fruit</p> + +<p>Chese, n. a turnip</p> + +<p>Chahchaum, v. to sneeze</p> + +<p>Cheahyong, v. to be</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_d" id = "vocab_d" href = "#vocab">D.</a></p> + +<p>Dush, conj. but</p> + +<p>Dushween, adv. then, there.<br> +Weendush, and he;<br> +owhdush, and the;<br> +medush, and then;<br> +egewhdush, and they</p> + +<p>Doombenon, v. to lift</p> + +<p>Doon, n. a mouth</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 'Dahdahwawegahnig'">Dahdahwawegahmig</ins>, +n. a store or shop</p> + +<p>Danguyh, n. the face</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_e" id = "vocab_e" href = "#vocab">E.</a></p> + +<p>Eneneh, n. a man</p> + +<p>Enenewug, n. men</p> + +<p>Equa, n. a woman</p> + +<p>Equawug, n. women</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page26g" id = "page26g">26</a> + +<p>Equasance, n. a girl, or little woman</p> + +<p>Emeh, adv. there (near,)—sometimes means, into, or in the</p> + +<p>Ewhety, adv. there (distant,) in that place</p> + +<p>Egewh, pro. them</p> + +<p>Enah! int. hark! see!</p> + +<p>Enewh, pro. these</p> + +<p>Ezhah, v. to go</p> + +<p>Ewh, a. the</p> + +<p>Eskooday, n. fire</p> + +<p>Esquache, adj. last</p> + +<p>Ezhahdah, v. let us go</p> + +<p>Esquahdaim, n. a door</p> + +<p>Enaindahmoowin, n. mind, thought, will</p> + +<p>Ekedoowin, n. a word</p> + +<p>Eebahdun, n. butter</p> + +<p>Enenahbik, n. a rock</p> + +<p>Enenahtig, n. a maple-tree</p> + +<p>Ezhechegaid, n. means or manner</p> + +<p>Ekedooh, v. to say, or he said</p> + +<p>Enahkayah, prep. towards</p> + +<p>Ewedehnahkayah, adv. that way</p> + +<p>Enaindahming, pt. thinking</p> + +<p>Equah, n. a louse.</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_h" id = "vocab_h" href = "#vocab">H.</a></p> + +<p>How, v. let us</p> + +<p>Hah! int. the same as Ha! in English.</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_i" id = "vocab_i" href = "#vocab">I.</a></p> + +<p>Ishpeming, n. heaven, or above</p> + +<p>Inggoojhee, adv. somewhere</p> + +<p>Ingoodwahsweh, adj. six</p> + +<p>Ishpemesahgoong, n. chamber</p> + +<p>Ingoodwak, adj. one hundred</p> + +<p>Inggooding, adv. once</p> + +<p>Inggwahekaun, n. the grave</p> + +<p>Innoozoowahgun, n. a name-sake</p> + +<p>Ingee! int. This word is used by children when they are afraid of +something that is large</p> + +<p>Inggoodoogunze, n. a cluster of fruit.</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_k" id = "vocab_k" href = "#vocab">K.</a></p> + +<p>Keshamunedoo, n. Merciful Spirit or Being</p> + +<p>Kechemunedoo, n. God, or Great Good Spirit</p> + +<p>Kecheahjechaugk, n. Great Holy Spirit</p> + +<p>Kecheogemah, n. King, or great Chief</p> + +<p>Kedemahganemeshin, have mercy on me</p> + +<p>Kegekaindaun, v. thou knowest</p> + +<p>Kechegahmeh, n. a lake</p> + +<p>Kegezhaib, n. the morning</p> + +<p>Ketegahnans, n. a garden</p> + +<p>Kedahyah, v. thou art</p> + +<p>Kedahyaum, v. you are</p> + +<p>Ke-ne-nah? Is it you?</p> + +<p>Kahween, adv. no sir, no, no</p> + +<p>Kah, adv. no</p> + +<p>Keen, pro. you, or thou</p> + +<p>Koosay, n. sing. your father</p> + +<p>Koone, n. snow</p> + +<p>Kezis, n. the sun</p> + +<p>Kiya, conj. and</p> + +<p>Kegwis, n. your son</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page27g" id = "page27g">27</a> + +<p>Kegah, n. your mother</p> + +<p>Ketegaun, n. a field</p> + +<p>Kahkenah, adj. all, whole</p> + +<p>Koosenon, n. our father</p> + +<p>Koosewah, n. pl. your father</p> + +<p>Koosemah, v. may, might</p> + +<p>Kahgequawin, n. law</p> + +<p>Kahbabeboon, all winter</p> + +<p>Kahbanebin, all summer</p> + +<p>Kahgenig, adv. forever</p> + +<p>Kahwekah, adv. never</p> + +<p>Kagooshish, n. something</p> + +<p>Kebemoosay, v. he walked</p> + +<p>Kedaun, n. your daughter</p> + +<p>Kezheguk, n. day</p> + +<p>Kezhik, n. sky</p> + +<p>Kahweenegoojee, adv. nowhere</p> + +<p>Kegedoon, v. to speak, (in the imperative mood)</p> + +<p>Ke-ekedooh, v. he said</p> + +<p>Kedenin, I tell you</p> + +<p>Keskeezhik, n. your eye</p> + +<p>Kooskoozin, v. to awake</p> + +<p>Kespin, conj. if</p> + +<p>Kesenah, adj. cold</p> + +<p>Kagooh, shall not</p> + +<p>Keche, adj. great</p> + +<p>Kechauze, n. your nose</p> + +<p>Ketegaweneneh, n. a husbandman</p> + +<p>Keskejewahyaun, n. a waist-coat</p> + +<p>Kewadenoong, n. north</p> + +<p>Kekewaown, n. a flag</p> + +<p>Kagate, adv. truly, verily</p> + +<p>Koondun, v. swallow it</p> + +<p>Kahmahsheh, adv. not yet</p> + +<p>Kahskahdin, v. to congeal, to freeze</p> + +<p>Kagooween, you shall not, or thou shall not</p> + +<p>Kagebahdezid, n. a fool</p> + +<p>Kenebood, pt. died</p> + +<p>Kategang, v. to sow or plant</p> + +<p>Keskahkezhegang, v. to reap</p> + +<p>Kahgega, adj. eternal</p> + +<p>Kazhedin, adv. immediately</p> + +<p>Keahgoonwatum, v. he denied</p> + +<table class = "inline" summary = "paired words"> +<tr> +<td>Ketezeh<br> +Kekahe</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +<img src = "images/curlybracket2.gif" width = "5" height = "95%" +alt = "}"></td> +<td class = "middle">adj. old</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Kegaung, n. a virgin</p> + +<p>Kegowh, n. a fish</p> + +<p>Keskemon, n. a whet-stone</p> + +<p>Keskeboojegun, n. a saw</p> + +<p>Kechepezoon, n. a girdle, a sash, a belt</p> + +<p>Kebeshang, adj. deaf</p> + +<p>Kepahgah, adj. thick</p> + +<p>Kebesquang, adj. hoarse</p> + +<p>Kesahgehenah? Do you love me?</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = +"printed as shown: better form is 'Kkenahweskewin'">Kenahweskewin</ins>, +n. falsehood</p> + +<p>Kashahweahyah, adj. loose</p> + +<p>Kondahegwahsowin, n. thimble, an instrument used to push with in +sewing</p> + +<p>Kahyahtenewaid, n. a mid-wife</p> + +<p>Kahezhewabuk, it was so</p> + +<p>Kekenahwahjechegun, n. a sign or mark</p> + +<p>Kegedooweneneh, n. a speaker or lawyer</p> + +<p>Kahgahgewinze, n. hemlock</p> + +<p>Kahgahgeh, n. wind-pipe</p> + +<p>Kekindewin, n. a covenant</p> + +<p>Kezebegahegahnahboo, n. soap suds</p> + +<p>Kahskahkoonegun, n. corn-crib</p> + +<p>Kahskahegun, n. a scraper</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page28g" id = "page28g">28</a> + +<p>Koozhe, n. a beak</p> + +<p>Koonekahdin, n. frost, snow</p> + +<p>Kechemekun, n. a high-way</p> + +<p>Kagah, adv. mostly</p> + +<p>Kahweengagoo, n. nothing</p> + +<p>Kegahweendahmoon, I will tell you</p> + +<p>Kahgequaweneneh, n. an exhorter, or preacher</p> + +<p>Kegowhyekaweneneh, n. a fisherman</p> + +<p>Kekaindahmoowad, v. to learn, to know</p> + +<p>Kahgahnahga, do not</p> + +<p>Kemahzeh, adv. badly</p> + +<p>Kegezhechegahdagoobun, pt. completed</p> + +<p>Kahgezheyaindum, adj. sagacious</p> + +<p>Kagahgoo, adv. almost</p> + +<p>Kahyask, n. a gull</p> + +<p>Kahgahgehshee, n. a crow</p> + +<p>Kookoosh, n. a hog</p> + +<p>Kookookoo-ooh, n. an owl</p> + +<p>Kenoozha, n. a pike</p> + +<p>Kewetahye-ee, prep. around</p> + +<p>Kedahgahbezhew, n. a wild-cat</p> + +<p>Kaugk, n. a porcupine</p> + +<p>Kahgebahdezewin, n. foolishness</p> + +<p>Keskekechegun, n. a partition</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_m" id = "vocab_m" href = "#vocab">M.</a></p> + +<p>Mahnedoo, n. <ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads 's'">a</ins> spirit</p> + +<p>Mahjahn, v. march on</p> + +<p>Mahzhenahegun, n. a book, paper, &c.</p> + +<p>Mahjemunedoo, n. an evil spirit, or the devil</p> + +<p>Mahzhenenee, n. an image</p> + +<p>Mahskemoodance, n. satchel</p> + +<p>Mahkahday, n. powder, or black</p> + +<p>Megwon, n. a feather, quill</p> + +<p>Mekun, n. a road</p> + +<p>Mejim, n. food</p> + +<p>Mezhusk, n. hay, weed, grass</p> + +<p>Menesis, n. hair, of the head</p> + +<p>Mequom, n. ice</p> + +<p>Metig, n. a tree</p> + +<p>Mesheh, n. fire-wood</p> + +<p>Metigmahkuk, n. a trunk</p> + +<p>Meowh, only, the one to whose</p> + +<p>Minjemeneshin, v. hold me</p> + +<p>Metigmahkezin, n. shoe, or wooden shoe</p> + +<p>Me-ewhmenek, it is enough</p> + +<p>Mahdwayahbegahegun, n. a fiddle, or a sonorific instrument, whose +strings are <ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads 'cabable'">capable</ins> of vibrating</p> + +<p>Megezeh, n. an eagle</p> + +<p>Moozhuk, adv. often</p> + +<p>Mookoomon, n. a knife</p> + +<p>Moozwahgun, n. scissors</p> + +<p>Menookahmeh, n. spring, a season of the year</p> + +<p>Menahwahzeh, adj. cheerful</p> + +<p>Mequamdun, v. remember it</p> + +<p>Mezhenahwa, n. a disciple</p> + +<p>Mahkundwaweneneh, n. a robber</p> + +<p>Mahmahweh, adv. together</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads 'Mezheshenom'">Mezheshenon</ins>, v. give us</p> + +<p>Mesquagin, n. purple</p> + +<p>Mahkahdaeneneh, n. a black man</p> + +<p>Mahkahdaequa, n. a black woman</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page29g" id = "page29g">29</a> + +<p>Mawezhah, adv. anciently, long ago</p> + +<p>Metegwob, n. a bow</p> + +<p>Moskin, n. full</p> + +<p>Mahdwawa, n. a sound</p> + +<p>Menoodahchin, adv. enough</p> + +<p>Menekaun, n. seed</p> + +<p>Menequang, v. to drink</p> + +<p>Mahskoosen, n. a marsh, a bog, a fen</p> + +<p>Mamangwah, n. a butterfly</p> + +<p>Mahskeeg, n. a swamp</p> + +<p>Mahmahjenoowin, n. miracle</p> + +<p>Mahnahtaneseweneneh, n. a shepherd</p> + +<p>Mahskahwezewin, strength</p> + +<p>Mahjetong, v. to begin</p> + +<p>Mahkuk, n. a pail, or box</p> + +<p>Mahkahkoosug, n. a barrel</p> + +<p>Megahzooweneneh, n. a soldier, a man of war, or a fighting man</p> + +<p>Mahmahkahdezing, v. to boast</p> + +<p>Megoos, n. an awl</p> + +<p>Menis, n. an island</p> + +<p>Mahwewin, v. to cry</p> + +<p>Memenik, v. be quiet</p> + +<p>Mahskekeh, n. medicine</p> + +<p>Mahnedoosh, n. an insect, a worm</p> + +<p>Mahbah, this one</p> + +<p>Mesahkoodoonahgun, n. beard, the hair that grows on the lips and +chin</p> + +<p>Mondahmin, n. corn</p> + +<p>Mechekahnok, n. a fence</p> + +<p>Metegoominzhe, n. an oak</p> + +<p>Mahskooda, n. plains, flats, or level ground</p> + +<p>Mahgeahyah, adj. big</p> + +<p>Mahgoobedoong, v. to squeeze</p> + +<p>Mayahgezid, n. a stranger</p> + +<p>Menahwah, adv. again, more and more</p> + +<p>Mamahjenoojin, v. he played</p> + +<p>Metahskahkahmig, n. the ground, or on the ground</p> + +<p>Menoomenik, adj. sufficient</p> + +<p>Mamahjenood, n. an actor</p> + +<p>Magwaahye-ee, prep. among</p> + +<p>Mahnahtanis, n. a sheep</p> + +<p>Meshebezhee, n. a lion</p> + +<p>Mahengun, n. a wolf</p> + +<p>Mesahbooze, n. a goat</p> + +<p>Mahquah, n. a bear</p> + +<p>Moaze, n. a moose</p> + +<p>Mahskoodaysay, n. a quail</p> + +<p>Mahnoomenekashee, n. a mud-hen</p> + +<p>Mezhesay, n. a turkey</p> + +<p>Mesahmaig, n. a whale</p> + +<p>Mahzhahmagoos, n. trout</p> + +<p>Mahnoomin, n. rice</p> + +<p>Mezheh, adv. everywhere</p> + +<p>Magwah, adv. while</p> + +<p>Manmooyahwahgaindahmoowin, n. thankfulness</p> + +<p>Meshejemin, n. a currant, (fruit)</p> + +<p>Mahzahn, n. a thistle</p> + +<p>Mahjegooday, n. a petticoat</p> + +<p>Menekahnekah, adv. seedy</p> + +<p>Mejenahwayahdahkahmig, n. pity</p> + +<p>Mahmahdahwechegawenebun, it was a strange custom</p> + +<p>Menesenoo, n. a hero</p> + +<p>Mesquahsin, n. brick, which signifies, red stone</p> + +<p>Mesahowh, that is</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page30g" id = "page30g">30</a> + +<p>Moosay, n. a worm</p> + +<p>Moong, n. a loon</p> + +<p>Meene, n. a kind of fruit</p> + +<p>Mahjekewis, adj. the eldest</p> + +<p>Meskoodesemin, n. a bean</p> + +<p>Mategwahkezinekaid, n. a shoe-maker</p> + +<p>Menahwenahgowd, v. look pleasant</p> + +<p>Meneweyook, v. be fruitful</p> + +<p>Megeskun, n. a hook</p> + +<p>Mezesok, n. a horse-fly</p> + +<p>Mahwahdooskahegun, n. a rake</p> + +<p>Mookoojegun, n. a plane, or drawing-knife</p> + +<p>Mahskemood, n. a bag</p> + +<p>Moonegwana, n. a meadow-lark</p> + +<p>Meshawa, n. an elk</p> + +<p>Mahskekeweneneh, n. a physician.</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_n" id = "vocab_n" href = "#vocab">N.</a></p> + +<p>Nebahgun, n. a bed, a place to sleep on</p> + +<p>Newewesin, I want to eat</p> + +<p>Nonggon, adj. light</p> + +<p>Nee, Ne, pro. I, me, my</p> + +<p>Negah, n. my mother</p> + +<p>Neezhe, adj. two</p> + +<p>Nesweh, adj. three</p> + +<p>Newin, adj. four</p> + +<p>Nahnun, adj. five</p> + +<p>Newob, v. I see</p> + +<p>Noongoom, adv. now</p> + +<p>Nahgudge, adv. little while</p> + +<p>Nedaih, n. my heart</p> + +<p>Nekod, n. my leg</p> + +<p>Noodin, n. wind</p> + +<p>Nahdin, v. go and fetch it</p> + +<p>Nezid, n. my foot</p> + +<p>Nagowh, n. sand</p> + +<p>Noodosh, adj. least</p> + +<p>Neenatah, but me, only me</p> + +<p>Nezhekaih, adj. alone</p> + +<p>Netum, adj. first</p> + +<p>Negaun, prep. before</p> + +<p>Nahpahna, n. flour</p> + +<p>Nahsahkoonun, open it</p> + +<p>Nebahkahda, I am hungry</p> + +<p>Nahbahgesug, n. a board</p> + +<p>Nahgahmoowin, n. a hymn, or a song</p> + +<p>Nahme-eding, pt. meeting</p> + +<p>Nahongahnik, n. a maid</p> + +<p>Nahwahye-ee, n. diameter</p> + +<p>Nejekewa, n. a comrade</p> + +<p>Nejee, n. a friend</p> + +<p>Nanahdahwe-ewaid, n. a saviour</p> + +<p>Nahbequon, n. a vessel, a ship</p> + +<p>Nahbequahneshee, n. a sailor, or a man that sails or attends +ships</p> + +<p>Nebewah, n. many</p> + +<p>Nahboob, n. soup</p> + +<p>Neweahyahwah, I want him</p> + +<p>Nasawin, n. breath</p> + +<p>Nedezedaahe, v. I dare</p> + +<p>Nahzequaegun, n. a curry-comb</p> + +<p>Nekebee, covered with water, or overflowed</p> + +<p>Nayob, back again</p> + +<p>Nahgowh, n. a sleeve</p> + +<p>Nedenaindum, v. I think</p> + +<p>Nahwahquay, n. the middle of the day, noon</p> + +<p>Neskahdezewin, n. anger</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page31g" id = "page31g">31</a> + +<p>Nasagwahbedaoonance, n. a pin, which <ins class = "correction" title += "text reads 'signifiies'">signifies</ins> to prick with</p> + +<p>Negekaindaun, v. I know</p> + +<p>Nebwahkahwin, n. wisdom</p> + +<p>Newahwezhandum, v. I am glad</p> + +<p>Nahmahdahbin, v. sit thou</p> + +<p>Nahmahdahbing, v. to sit</p> + +<p>Noodahgoozing, pt. roaring</p> + +<p>Nedekedoowin, my word</p> + +<p>Negetim, I am lazy</p> + +<p>Nezheka, adv. apart</p> + +<p>Nesahye-ee, adv. down</p> + +<p>Negaunnahkayah, adv. forward</p> + +<p>Nesahye-ee, prep. below</p> + +<p>Nahwahye-ee, prep. amidst</p> + +<p>Nahmaih, n. a sturgeon</p> + +<p>Nahmabin, n. mullet</p> + +<p>Nekah, n. a wild goose</p> + +<p>Nahkayah, n. a way</p> + +<p>Nebeh, n. water</p> + +<p>Nebeeng, In the water</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_o" id = "vocab_o" href = "#vocab">O.</a></p> + +<p>Ogemah, n. a chief</p> + +<p>Oojechog, n. a soul</p> + +<p>Oondaus, v. to come</p> + +<p>Omah, adv. here</p> + +<p>Owh, a. the</p> + +<p>Oowh, pro. this</p> + +<p>Oogooh, pro. those, their</p> + +<p>Oogemekaun, he found it</p> + +<p>Oogeoozhetoon, he made it</p> + +<p>Oodahpenun, take it</p> + +<p>Oonekig, n. a parent</p> + +<p>Oopegagun, n. a rib</p> + +<p>Opequoj, n. an air-bladder</p> + +<p>Oonzegun, n. a boiler, or a kettle</p> + +<p>Oodanggowh, n. his face,—<br> +[<i>for an explanation of this and several of the following words, +see</i> <a href = "#formation"><i>page</i> 21</a>]</p> + +<p>Oochauze, n. his nose</p> + +<p>Oodoon, n. his mouth</p> + +<p>Onowh, n. his cheek</p> + +<p>Ostegawn, n. his head</p> + +<p>Oskezhizk, n. his eye</p> + +<p>Omahmowh, n. eyebrow</p> + +<p>Odanegoom, n. nostril</p> + +<p>Odaih, n. heart</p> + +<p>Onik, n. arm</p> + +<p>Otahwug, n. ear</p> + +<p>Okod, n. leg</p> + +<p>Ozid, n. foot</p> + +<p>Onoogun, n. hip</p> + +<p>Onindj, n. hand</p> + +<p>Ojetud, n. tendon</p> + +<p>Oquagun, n. neck</p> + +<p>Opequon, n. back</p> + +<p>Obowm, n. thigh</p> + +<p>Okahkegun, n. breast</p> + +<p>Ozhebeenguyh, n. tear</p> + +<p>Omesud, n. paunch</p> + +<p>Odoosquahyob, n. vein</p> + +<p>Okun, n. bone</p> + +<p>Odaewaun, n. their heart</p> + +<p>Oskunze, n. nail of the finger and the hoof of a horse, or all kinds +of hoofs</p> + +<p>Odaun, n. daughter</p> + +<p>Ootanowh, n. town, city, village, however we say kecheotanowh for +great town or city, by adding nance, it means small town or village</p> + +<p>Odataig, n. gills of a fish</p> + +<p>Onejegun, n. fin of a fish</p> + +<p>Ozhegown, n. tail of a fish</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page32g" id = "page32g">32</a> + +<p>Okodahkik, n. a pot, a kettle that has legs, or a leg-kettle</p> + +<p>Oozaum, adv. too much</p> + +<p>Oogee, pro. he</p> + +<p>Opin, n. a potatoe</p> + +<p>Obewuyh, n. fur</p> + +<p>Omemee, n. a pigeon</p> + +<p>Onegwegun, n. a wing</p> + +<p>Oskenahway, n. a youth, a young man</p> + +<p>Odahbaun, n. a sled</p> + +<p>Ongwahmezin, be ye faithful</p> + +<p>Oogaah, n. pickerel</p> + +<p>Ogejebeeg, surface of the water</p> + +<p>Ozhahwahnoong, n. south</p> + +<p>Okayahwis, n. herring</p> + +<p>Oojeeg, n. a fisher</p> + +<p>Ogah, n. mother</p> + +<p>Oose, n. father</p> + +<p>Opecheh, n. a robin</p> + +<p>Onesheshid, a clever one</p> + +<p>Ookoozhe, n. a beak</p> + +<p>Oskezegookahjegun, n. spectacle</p> + +<p>Onahgooshig, n. the evening</p> + +<p>Okahquon, n. shin</p> + +<p>Ogeeozheaun, he made them</p> + +<p>Ogeeozhetoon, he made it</p> + +<p>Oskunzhekahjegun, n. a horse-shoe</p> + +<p>Oombahquahegun, n. a lever</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_p" id = "vocab_p" href = "#vocab">P.</a></p> + +<p>Pabahmahjemood, n. a messenger</p> + +<p>Poonahkunjegun, n. anchor</p> + +<p>Pookedoonze, n. a pear</p> + +<p>Pahdahkemoojeskahjegun, n. a spur</p> + +<p>Pewakoodahmahgun, n. shavings</p> + +<p>Pahketaegun, n. a hammer</p> + +<p>Pemenegun, n. a gimlet, an auger</p> + +<p>Penahquahn, n. a comb</p> + +<p>Pezhekeence, n. a calf</p> + +<p>Pesahkahmegeboojegun, n. a harrow</p> + +<p>Pequahegun, n. a hill</p> + +<p>Pabahbahgahne, n. a pancake</p> + +<p>Pazhegwahnoong, one place</p> + +<p>Panggwon, adj. dry</p> + +<p>Pahquonge, n. a stump</p> + +<p>Pahgasaun, n. a plum</p> + +<p>Pahpenadumoowin, n. happiness</p> + +<p>Pahquazhegun, n. bread</p> + +<p>Pahskezegun, n. a gun</p> + +<p>Pahquazhegunush, n. wheat</p> + +<p>Pahnezid, adj. holy</p> + +<p>Pazhegoogahzhee, n. a horse or an animal not cloven-footed</p> + +<p>Pashebeegun, n. a rule</p> + +<p>Peshegaindahgoozewin, n. glory</p> + +<p>Pepoon, n. winter</p> + +<p>Pezahneewawin, n. peace</p> + +<p>Pahzegween, v. to arise</p> + +<p>Penasewug, n. fowls</p> + +<p>Pewahbum, v. come and see him</p> + +<p>Pewahbundun, v. come and see it</p> + +<p>Pajeewe, adj. weak</p> + +<p>Pesahgeskebik, n. darkness</p> + +<p>Pesekun, put it on</p> + +<p>Peenzekahwahgun, n. a coat or loose garment</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page33g" id = "page33g">33</a> + +<p>Pahwahbekezegun, n. a stove or an iron box that is capable of being +warmed through</p> + +<p>Pahzhejeahje-ee, prep. over</p> + +<p>Peendahgun, n. a pocket or pouch</p> + +<p>Peendig, n. inside</p> + +<p>Paquahkoostegowng, block-headed</p> + +<p>Pequahquod, n. a ball or knot</p> + +<p>Poodahwain, make fire</p> + +<p>Poodahjegun, n. a musical or blowing instrument</p> + +<p>Pookedaemin, n. a mandrake</p> + +<p>Pahmetahgun, n. a servant</p> + +<p>Pahbegwah, adj. rough</p> + +<p>Pahquahskezhegun, n. a scythe</p> + +<p>Papahmebahegood, n. a rider, a name for a dragoon</p> + +<p>Pamahdezid, the living</p> + +<p>Pahsquagin, n. leather</p> + +<p>Pahbahgewahyaun, n. a shirt, calico</p> + +<p>Pengwahshahgid, adj. naked</p> + +<p>Pezindun, v. to hear, to listen</p> + +<p>Pinggweh, n. ashes</p> + +<p>Pungee, adj. little, not enough</p> + +<p>Peendegaye-ee, prep. within</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads 'Pegwih'">Pegiwh</ins>, +n. gum, wax</p> + +<p>Pemeday, n. oil, grease</p> + +<p>Pequok, n. an arrow</p> + +<p>Pooch, v. must</p> + +<p>Pahkahahquay, n. a cock,—this bird has derived its name from +its crowing; so nearly all birds</p> + +<p>Pahpahsay, n. a wood-pecker; this, from its pecking</p> + +<p>Penaih, n. a partridge</p> + +<p>Pahkaunnahkayah, adv. another way</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_q" id = "vocab_q" href = "#vocab">Q.</a></p> + +<p>Quatahmegwaindahgoozid, n. the Almighty</p> + +<p>Quewesance, n. a boy</p> + +<p>Quahnoj, adj. good</p> + +<p>Quakenun, turn it over</p> + +<p>Quesqueshin, n. a whistle</p> + +<p>Quahbahegun, n. a shovel</p> + +<p>Quahnahjewun, adj. handsome</p> + +<p>Quaich, adj. tenth</p> + +<p>Quiyuk, adv. straight, right</p> + +<p>Quaichegooh, just as</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_s" id = "vocab_s" href = "#vocab">S.</a></p> + +<p>Shahgooda-a, n. a coward</p> + +<p>Shahwanemeshin, bless me</p> + +<p>Shewetahgun, n. salt</p> + +<p>Shahwemin, n. a grape</p> + +<p>Shemahgun, n. a shield</p> + +<p>Shooneyah, n. silver, money</p> + +<p>Shenganedewin, n. hatred</p> + +<p>Sahnahgud, adj. difficult</p> + +<p>Sahkahown, n. a cane</p> + +<p>Sanahbanh, n. silk, or ribin</p> + +<p>Sasahbob, n. a rope, thread</p> + +<p>Shongahswak, adj. nine hundred</p> + +<p>Shewahbik, n. alum, or iron of an acid taste</p> + +<p>Shewon, adj. sour</p> + +<p>Shonggahsweh, adj. nine</p> + +<p>Sebeeh, n. a river</p> + +<p>Sebeeng, in the river</p> + +<p>Shegah, n. a widow</p> + +<p>Shinggwok, n. a pine tree</p> + +<p>Shahgahnosh, a white man</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page34g" id = "page34g">34</a> + +<p>Shinggoos, n. a weasel</p> + +<p>Shonggwasheh, n. a mink</p> + +<p>Shepahye-ee, prep. through</p> + +<p>Shegog, n. a skunk</p> + +<p>Shesheeb, n. a duck</p> + +<p>Sahgahquahegun, n. a nail</p> + +<p>Shegwanahbik, n. a grind-stone</p> + +<p>Shegwanahwis, n. fish-worm</p> + +<p>Shesheeb-ahkik, n. a tea-kettle; (see shesheeb and ahkik,)</p> + +<p>Sahgedoonabejegun, n. a bridle</p> + +<p>Sahgahegun, n. a screw</p> + +<p>Shegahgahwinze, n. an onion</p> + +<p>Shahboonegaunce, n. a needle, it signifies to pull or push +through</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_t" id = "vocab_t" href = "#vocab">T.</a></p> + +<p>Tahnahgwud, v. appear</p> + +<p>Tedebawe, n. the shore</p> + +<p>Tebahegezeswon, n. a watch or clock</p> + +<p>Tabanegaid, n. Lord</p> + +<p>Tabahkoonewaid, n. a judge or ruler</p> + +<p>Tebahkoonegawin, n. judgment</p> + +<p>Tabwayaindahmoowin, n. a creed</p> + +<p>Takoonewaid, n. a constable</p> + +<p>Tabwawin, n. truth</p> + +<p>Tahbeskooch, v. to equal</p> + +<p>Tahweahyah, n. space</p> + +<p>Tabwatun, v. believe thou</p> + +<p>Tebahegun, n. a measure; by adding ce, we have, cup</p> + +<p>Toodooshahboo, n. milk</p> + +<p>Tawaegun, n. a drum; (see mahdwayahbegahegun,)</p> + +<p>Tegowh, n. a wave</p> + +<p>Tebik, n. night</p> + +<p>Tahgah, v. to let</p> + +<p>Tahwah, int. alas!</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_u" id = "vocab_u" href = "#vocab">U.</a></p> + +<p>Undoom, call him</p> + +<p>Umba, come and let us go</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_w" id = "vocab_w" href = "#vocab">W.</a></p> + +<p>Wah, pro. what</p> + +<p>Wahwon, n. an egg</p> + +<p>Weyos, n. flesh, meat</p> + +<p>Webid, n. a tooth</p> + +<p>Ween, pro. him</p> + +<p>Wewon, his wife</p> + +<p>Waquain, pro. whoever</p> + +<p>Wewahquon, n. a hat</p> + +<p>Wahbegun, n. clay</p> + +<p>Wahsayah, n. light</p> + +<p>Wagoonan, what is it?</p> + +<p>Wekah, long before</p> + +<p>Wahbemin, n. an apple</p> + +<p>Weendun, tell it</p> + +<p>Wanain, who is it?</p> + +<p>Weyowh, n. a body</p> + +<p>Wahjewh, n. a mountain or hill</p> + +<p>Wahowh, pro. this</p> + +<p>Wenegun, n. marrow</p> + +<p>Wenesis, n. hair</p> + +<p>Wanankeen, who art thou?</p> + +<p>Wesabgun, adj. bitter</p> + +<p>Wagoosing, n. the son</p> + +<p>Wahbeda, v. to ripen</p> + +<p>Wenin, n. fat</p> + +<p>Wahnekaun, n. a ditch</p> + +<p>Wahbezewin, n. paleness</p> + +<p>Weenzhoob, n. gall</p> + +<a class = "pagenum" name = "page35g" id = "page35g">35</a> + +<p>Wenud, adj. dirty</p> + +<p>Wahwahbegoonojhee, n. a mouse</p> + +<p>Wahsahkoonajegun, n. a candle, or a thing that produces light</p> + +<p>Wahsachegun, n. a window</p> + +<p>Wahbahnahnug, n. the morning-star</p> + +<p>Wahsahmoowin, n. lightning</p> + +<p>Wesenewagun, n. a table, or something to eat on</p> + +<p>Wegewaum, n. a house</p> + +<p>Wetookahweshin, help me</p> + +<p>Wetoopahmeshin, eat with me</p> + +<p>Wanepuzhe, adv. freely</p> + +<p>Wahyaskud, in the beginning</p> + +<p>Weendahmahweshin, tell me</p> + +<p>Wahgedahkahmig, on land</p> + +<p>Wawaneh, thank you</p> + +<p>Wahsahgung, n. pepper, or a bitter substance</p> + +<p>Wahskoobung, adj. sweet</p> + +<p>Wekahnesun, his brother</p> + +<p>Wahwazhetaun, v. prepare thou</p> + +<p>Wahnahgak, n. bark</p> + +<p>Wahbemoojechaugown, n. a looking-glass; something used to see the +image in</p> + +<p>Weendegooh, n. a giant</p> + +<p>Weyahgahsahne, n. dust</p> + +<p>Wedookoodahdedah, let us help each other</p> + +<p>Wequajeoong, v. to struggle</p> + +<p>Wenaindib, n. brains</p> + +<p>Wahbezhasheh, n. a martin</p> + +<p>Wahwahskasheh, n. a deer</p> + +<p>Wahwahtaseh, n. a lightning-bug</p> + +<p>Wahwahyayah, adj. round</p> + +<p>Wahgoosh, n. a fox</p> + +<p>Wahnesquazewin, n. carelessness</p> + +<p>Wahgahquod, n. an axe</p> + +<p>Wahbahbik, n. tin</p> + +<p>Wahbejeskezhegwa, adj. wall-eyed</p> + +<p>Wob, v. to see</p> + +<p>Wahzeswon, n. a nest</p> + +<p>Wahbooyon, n. a blanket</p> + +<p>Wahnechega, v. to misdo</p> + +<p>Wahnewenon, v. to mislead</p> + +<p>Wahbemenahboo, n. cider</p> + +<p>Wesahgok, n. ash</p> + +<p>Wegwos, n. birch tree, and its bark</p> + +<p>Wegoobeminze, n. bass-wood</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = +"printed as shown: should be 'Wahk' or 'Wauk'">Wak</ins>, n. spawn</p> + +<p class = "letterhead"> +<a name = "vocab_z" id = "vocab_z" href = "#vocab">Z.</a></p> + +<p>Zhahwanedewin, n. love</p> + +<p>Zahzahgewejegun, n. an offering</p> + +<p>Zagezewin, v. to fear</p> + +<p>Zegahundahgawin, n. baptism</p> + +<p>Zhahgemaih, n. a musketoe</p> + +<p>Zheezebahquod, n. sugar.</p> + +</div> +<!-- end div vocab --> + +</div> +<!-- end div grammar --> + +<div class = "endnote"> + +<h4><a name = "endnotes" id = "endnotes"> +Notes on Updated Text</a></h4> + +<p><i>This section comes from a reader1 who knows considerably more +Ojibwe than the transcriber (who knows none at all):</i></p> + +<h5>Orthography</h5> + +<table summary = "two orthographies compared"> +<tr> +<th abbr = "Spelling book">Forms in<br>"Chipeway<br>Spellings"</th> +<th abbr = "Fiero">Equivalent<br>in Fiero<br>orthography</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ah</td> +<td>a, aa, aanh</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>au, aw</td> +<td>aa</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>aih</td> +<td>e, enh</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>a, ai, -ay</td> +<td>e</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>e, eh</td> +<td>i, ii</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ee, eeh</td> +<td>ii, iinh</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>i</td> +<td>i, ii, ay</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>oo</td> +<td>o, oo</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ooh</td> +<td>o, oo, oonh</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ou</td> +<td>—</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>o</td> +<td>a, aa</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>u</td> +<td>a, w</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>w-, -wh</td> +<td>w</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>y</td> +<td>y, ay</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ch, j</td> +<td>j, ch</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ck</td> +<td>k</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>k, g, gk</td> +<td>g, k</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>m, -hm</td> +<td>m</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>n</td> +<td>n</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>-nce</td> +<td>-ns</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p, b, -be</td> +<td>b, p</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>qu</td> +<td>gw, kw</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>s, z, -se</td> +<td>s, z</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>sh, zh, -zhe</td> +<td>zh, sh</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>sk, sch</td> +<td>sk, shk</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>sp</td> +<td>shp</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>squ</td> +<td>skw, shkw</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>st</td> +<td>sht</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>t, d, -dt, -te, -de, td-</td> +<td>d, t</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>Author of Spelling book:</h5> + +<p>I am convinced that 'Spelling' is by Peter Jones, as he was +commissioned to put together a spelling book on June 2, 1828, and +presented the manuscript to a printer in York on June 19, 1828, for the +Methodist Indian Missionary School he ran, which Conference Missionary +Society was a Methodist society. Also, in his book <i>Life and journals +of Kah-ke-wa-quo-na-by</i>, in the journal entry for the 19th, it says, +"Arrived at York in the afternoon, and commenced getting a small Indian +spelling book, which I had written, printed at Mr. McKenzie's office." +and considering "Spelling" was only 12 printed pages—3 sheets of +paper—that, I think, does qualify as "a small Indian spelling +book."</p> + +<h5>Syncope:</h5> + +<p>Several words are presented in a partial syncope form. For example, +<i>gagiina­wishkiwin</i> to mean a fib, a lie or a falsehood, in +the partial syncope form is <i>ggiina­wishkiwin</i>, and the full +syncope form is <i>ggiinwishkwin</i>. Summerfield presents this word +as <i>Kenah­weskewin, n. falsehood</i>, which seems to match the +partial syncope form of the word. However, if this partial syncope is +noted, so should the dozen or so other words shown in partial +syncope.</p> +</div> + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway +Languages, by John Summerfield + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GRAMMAR OF THE CHIPPEWAY *** + +***** This file should be named 19807-h.htm or 19807-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/8/0/19807/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, C. J. 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