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diff --git a/19132.txt b/19132.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fc2007 --- /dev/null +++ b/19132.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2314 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Banbury Chap Books, by Edwin Pearson + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Banbury Chap Books + And Nursery Toy Book Literature + +Author: Edwin Pearson + +Release Date: August 28, 2006 [EBook #19132] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BANBURY CHAP BOOKS *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Malcolm Farmer and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: + +This book has over 800 small black-and-white illustrations. They can +be found in the "images" directory associated with the html version of +this file, in two forms: + + thumbnails, named in the form "thumb_NN_NN.png" numbered sequentially + within each page (without leading 0's) + larger images, named "pic_NN_NN.png" + +For this plain-text file, each illustration or group of illustrations +is identified by number, omitting the "pic_" or "thumb_" component +and the "png" extension. + +Misspellings have generally been left uncorrected. They are listed at +the end of the text.] + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + + [Illustrations: frontis_1 - frontis_5 + + _The "White Lion," Banbury, early John Bewick._ + + _Early cuts used to illustrate "Tommy Two Shoes." York and Hull + editions._ + + _Early cut from "A New Year's Gift."_ + + _"Jack and the Giants," early York edition._] + + + + + _BANBURY CHAP BOOKS_ + + and + + NURSERY TOY BOOK LITERATURE + + [of the XVIII. and Early XIX. Centuries] + + with + Impressions from Several Hundred + ORIGINAL WOOD-CUT BLOCKS, + +By T. & J. Bewick, Blake, Cruikshank, Craig, Lee, + Austin, and Others. + + Illustrating Favourite Nursery Classics, + with their Antiquarian, Historical, Literary + and Artistic Associations: + + FAITHFULLY GLEANED FROM THE ORIGINAL WORKS + IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD, THE BRITISH + AND SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUMS, &c. + +With very much that is Interesting and Valuable + appertaining to the early Typography + and Topography of Children's Books + relating to Great Britain and America. + + INCLUDING + + Jack the Giant Killer, Cock Robin, Tom Thumb, + Whittington, Goody Two Shoes, Philip Quarll, + Tommy Trip, York and Banbury Cries, + Children in the Wood, Dame Trot, Horn Books, + Battledores, Primers, etc. + + By EDWIN PEARSON. + + LONDON: +Arthur Reader, 1, Orange Street, Bloomsbury, W.C. + 1890. + + + + + _Only 50 copies Large Paper,_ + _500 " Small._ + + + + +[Decoration] + +INTRODUCTION. + + +"Banbury Cakes," and "Banbury Cross," with its favourite juvenile +associations, with the Lady with bells on her toes, having music +wherever she goes, are indissolubly connected with the early years not +only of ourselves but many prior generations. In fact, the Ancient Cross +has been rebuilt since the days, when in Drunken Barnaby's Journal, we +are made familiar with the puritan "who hanged his cat on a Monday for +killing of a mouse on a Sunday." The quaint old town and its people are +rapidly modernizing; but they cling to the old traditions. Both in +pictorial and legendary lore we have some Banburies of another kind +altogether, viz., Banbury Blocks, or in plain English, Engraved Woodcut +Blocks, associated with the Local Chap Books, Toy Books, and other +Histories, for which this quaint old Oxfordshire town is celebrated. The +faithful description of the Blocks illustrating this volume has led to +numerous descriptive digressions, apparently irrelevant to the subject; +it was found however that in tracing out the former history and use of +some of the "Bewick" and other cuts contained in this volume, that the +Literary, Artistic, Historical, Topographical, Typographical, and +Antiquarian Reminiscences connected with the early Printing and +Engraving of Banbury involved that of many other important towns and +counties of Great Britain, and also America. A provincial publisher +about the beginning of the present century would reflect more or less +the modus operandi of each of his contemporaries in abridging or +reproducing verbatim the immortal little chap books issued from the +press of John Newbury's "Toy Book Manufactory," at the Bible and Sun +(a sign lately restored), 65, Saint Paul's Church Yard, near the Bar. + +This again leads to the subject as to who wrote these clever little +tomes. In my "Angler's Garland," printed at the Dryden Press, 1870 and +1871, I fully announced my intention of issuing a reprint of the first +edition of "Goody Two Shoes," but the intended volume was published by +the firm at the corner, "Griffith, Farren, Okenden, and Welsh," now in +the direct line of business descent from worthy and industrious John +Newbery: Carman, Harris, Grant and Griffith. Mr. Charles Welsh of the +present firm has taken a warm interest in the Antiquarian and Historical +Associations of the Newbery firm. The premises have been lately rebuilt, +the Sign and Emblems adopted by Newbery restored, and C. Welsh has +reprinted "Goody Two Shoes" in facsimile, since which there has been +added to it a Standard edition of Goldsmith's Works, edited by Mr. +Gibbs. I had the pleasure of making many researches respecting the old +London publisher (Goldsmith's friend), John Newbery, respecting his +Lilliputian Classics, and I have been enabled to introduce several of +the Quarto early editions to the firm, and have had great pleasure in +writing and placing on record numerous facts and data, since utilized in +the very interesting "Life of John Newbery, a last century bookseller." +The connection of Oliver Goldsmith's name is indissolubly associated +with the juvenile classics industriously issued by Newbery. Dr. Johnson +himself edited and prefaced several children's books which I have seen +in the Jupp and Hugo Collections. The weary hours of adversity, through +which "Goldie" passed at Green Arbour Court, top of Break Neck Steps and +Turn Again Lane--I remember them all well, and the Fleet prison walls +too, when I was a boy--and in refuge at Canonbury Tower, near the +village of Islington, these are the places where Goldsmith wrote for +children. Sir Joshua Reynolds tells how, when he called on the poet at +Green Arbour Court, he found the couplet:-- + + "By sports like these are all their cares beguiled, + The sports of children satisfy the child." + +see "The Traveller." He was surrounded by children in this unsavoury +neighbourhood, where he had his humble domicile: a woodcut in Lumburd's +Mirror depicts it very correctly. Bishop Percy, author of the +"Reliques," called on him, and during the interview the oft repeated +incident occurred of a little child of an adjacent neighbour, "Would Mr. +Goldsmith oblige her mother with a chamber pot full of coals!" Truly +these were hours of ill-at-ease. The largest collection of the various +relics of woodcuts used in the chap book literature, "printed for the +Company of Flying Stationers, also Walking Stationers,"--for such is a +portion of the imprint to be found on several of the early Chap Books +printed at Banbury--is to be seen in the Library of the British Museum; +but the richest collection of these celebrated little rarities of Toy +Books is in the venerable Bodleian Library. Among the very interesting +block relics of the past are the pretty cuts to Mrs. Trimmer's "Fabulous +Histories, or The Robins:" these were designed by Thomas Bewick, and +engraved by John Thompson, his pupil, who enriched Whittingham's +celebrated Chiswick Press with his fine and tasteful work. A numerous +series of little fable cuts by the same artist are to be found in this +volume. One of the quaintest sets engraved at an early period by John +Bewick (the Hogarth of Newcastle), are to "The Hermit, or Adventures of +Edward Dorrington," or "Philip Quarll," as it was most popularly known +by that title a century ago. The earliest edition I have seen of Philip +Quarll is as follows: "The Hermit, or the unparalleled sufferings and +surprising adventures of Mr. Philip Quarll, an Englishman who was lately +discovered by Mr. Dorrington, a Bristol merchant, upon an uninhabited +island in the South Sea, where he lived above fifty years without any +human assistance, still continues to reside, and will not come away," +etc. Westminster: Printed by J. Cluer and A. Campbell, for T. Warner in +Paternoster Row, and B. Creape at The Bible in Jermyn Street, St. +James's, 1727. 8vo, xii pp., map and explanation, 2 pp., and 1 to 26 +appendix, with full page copper plate engravings. He was born in St. +Giles', left his master a locksmith, went to sea, married a famous +w----e, listed for a soldier, married three wives, condemned at the Old +Bailey, pardoned by King Charles II., turned merchant, and was +shipwrecked on a desolate island on the coast of Mexico, etc. Other +editions in the British Museum are 1750; 1759 (third); 1780 (twelfth); +1786 (first American edition, from the 6th English edition, Boston, +U.S.A.); 1787 (in French); 1795 (seventeenth); 1807; and also in a +"Storehouse of Stories," edited by Miss C. M. Yonge, 2 vols, 8vo +(Macmillan, 1870-2), Philip Quarll (also Perambulations of a Mouse, +Little Jack, Goody Two Shoes, Blossoms of Morality, Puzzle for a curious +Girl), and others are given. The text is useful to refer to, as the +originals are rare: the woodcuts of several of them are in this volume. +"Philip Quarll," Miss Yonge says, "comes to us with the reputation of +being by Daniel Defoe; but we have never found anything to warrant the +supposition. It must have been written during the period preceding the +first French Revolution." There is also in the Museum an edition printed +in Dutch in 1805. + +In 1869, Mr. Wm. Tegg reprinted the Surprising Adventures of Philip +Quarll, entirely re-edited and modernized, with only a frontispiece and +vignette on title as illustrations. The quaint old cuts on next page +probably illustrated an early Newcastle, then York, and finally Banbury, +edition of this oft published work. + + + _The Blocks designed and engraved by John Bewick, for "The Hermit; + or Philip Quarll,"_ (_circa 1785._) + + [Illustrations: iv_1 - iv_6] + + +Tegg's edition of 356 pages, 12mo, is to be seen in the Reading Room of +the British Museum, and gives the full text and history of these. This +curious book would well bear representing with the original Bewick cuts, +after the manner of the present Newbery firm, who have revived +Butterfly's Ball, Grasshopper's Feast, Goody Two Shoes, Looking Glass +for the Mind, and contemplate others in the immediate future. Tegg in +his reprint of the Book on Philip Quarll, states that he was born in St. +Giles' Parish, London, 1647, voyaged to Brazil, Mexico, and other parts +of America, was left on an island, nourished by a goat, and other +surprising adventures. Edward Dorrington communicates an account (see p. +1 to 94 inclusive) of how the hermit Philip Quarll was discovered, with +his (E. D.'s) return to Bristol from Mexico, Jan. 3, 1724-5; but is +about returning to Peru and Mexico again (p. 94). This is of both +American and Bewick interest. Besides these representatives of this Chap +Book, we are enabled to give in this collection impressions from the +blocks of other editions fortunately rescued from oblivion and +destruction. + + [Illustrations: v_1, v_2] + + + [Illustrations: vi_1, vi_2] + + + + + [Illustration: 1_1] + + +BANBURY CHAP BOOKS. + + "Old Story Books! Old Story Books! + we owe ye much old friends, + Bright coloured threads in memory's wrap, + of which Death holds the ends, + Who can forget ye? Who can spurn the ministers of joy + That waited on the lisping girl and petticoated boy? + Talk of your vellum, gold emboss'd morocco, roan, and calf, + The blue and yellow wraps of old were prettier by half." + + --Eliza Cook's Poems. + + +In 1708 John White, a Citizen of York, established himself as a printer +in Newcastle-on-Tyne, bringing with him a stock of quaint old cuts, +formerly his father's, at York, where he was Sole Printer to King +William, for the five Northern Counties of England. He entered into +partnership with Thomas Saint, who on the death of John White, at their +Printing Office in Pilgrim Street, succeeded in 1796 to his extensive +business as Printer, Bookseller, and Publisher. In this stock of +woodcuts were some of the veritable pieces of wood engraved, or cut for +Caxton, Wynken de Worde, Pynson, and others down to Tommy Gent--the +curious genius, historian, author, poet, woodcuter and engraver, binder +and printer, of York. We give some early examples out of this stock. +Thomas Saint, about 1770, had the honour of introducing to the public, +the brothers Thomas and John Bewick's first efforts in wood-engravings, +early and crude as they undoubtedly were. They are to be found in Hutton +"On Mensuration," and also in various children's and juvenile works, +such as AEsop's and Gay's Fables. We give some of the earliest known of +their work in this very interesting collection of woodcuts. + +Some years ago a collection was formed of Newbury and Marshall's +Children's Gift Toy Books, and early educational works, which were +placed in the South Kensington Museum, in several glass cases. These +attracted other collections of rare little volumes, adorned with similar +cuts, many of which are from the identical blocks here impressed, +notably the "Cries of York," "Goody Two Shoes," etc. They are still on +view, near the George Cruikshank collection, and during the twenty years +they have been exhibited, such literature has steadily gone up to fancy +prices. + +Charles Knight in his Shadows of the Old Booksellers, says of Newbury, +(pp. 233), "This old bookseller is a very old friend of mine. He wound +himself round my heart some seventy years ago, when I became possessed +of an immortal volume, entitled the history of 'Little Goody Shoes.' +I felt myself personally honoured in the dedication." He then refers to +Dr. Primrose, Thomas Trip, etc., and adds further on, "my father had a +drawer full of them [Newbury's little books] very smartly bound in gilt +paper." Priceless now would this collection be, mixed up with +horn-books--a single copy of which is one of the rarest relics of the +olden time. + +Chalmer's in his preface to "Idler," regards Mr. Newbury as the reputed +author of many little chap books for masters and misses. + +Mr. John Nichols brings forward other candidates for the honour of +projecting and writing the "Lilliputian histories, of Goody Two Shoes, +etc.;" and refers to Griffith Jones and Giles Jones, in conjunction with +Mr. John Newbury, as those to whom the public are indebted for the +origin of those numerous and popular little books for the amusement and +instruction of children, which have ever since been received with +universal approbation. + +The following are two of the identical cuts engraved by John Bewick, and +used in the Newbury editions of Goody Two Shoes, London, 1769 to 1771. + + [Illustrations: 2_1, 2_2] + +It will be seen on contrasting these cuts with the other two, on the +following page, from early York editions, how wonderfully even in his +early years Bewick improved the illustrated juvenile literature of his +day. No wonder when Goldsmith the poet had an interview with Bewick, +that delighted with his cuts, he confessed to writing Goody Two Shoes, +Tommy Trip, etc. Bewick's daughter supplied this information. + + [Illustrations: 3_1 - 3_3 + + _Early cuts to Goody Two Shoes._ + _Bewick's frontispiece to Goody Two Shoes._] + +Here are two early examples of Thomas Bewick. They were used in a York +edition of "A Pretty Book of Pictures for little Masters and Misses, +or History of Beasts and Birds by Tommy Trip," etc. + + [Illustrations: 4_1, 4_2 + + _Miss Polly Riding in a Coach, from Tommy Trip._ + _The Student, from Tommy Trip._] + +There was an American edition of Goody Two Shoes, and is very +interesting indeed, having a woodcut frontispiece engraved by Thomas +Bewick, and was printed at Worcester, Mass., U.S.A., by Isaiah Thomas, +and sold wholesale and retail at his book-store, 1787. A copy of this +little book sold in London for L1 16s. + +We also give two other specimens from the J. Newbery editions of Tommy +Trip and Goody Two Shoes, both engraved by John Bewick. + + [Illustrations: 4_3, 4_4 + + _The Student, from Tommy Trip._ + _Margery, from Goody Two Shoes._] + +The packmen of the past [see frontispiece of a pack-horse in First +Edition only of Bewick's Quadrupeds, 1790] carried in their packs the +ephemeral literature of the day, Calendars, Almanacks, and Chep-Books. +The Leicestershire pronunciation to this day at markets is "Buy Chep" +for Cheap, hence the Chep-side, or Cheape-or Cheapside; otherwise +derivation of Chap Men, or Running, Flying, and other mercurial +stationers, peripatetic booksellers, pedlers, packmen, and again +chepmen, these visited the villages and small towns from the large +printers of the supply towns, as London, Banbury, Newcastle, Edinburgh, +Glasgow, etc. The "History of John Cheap, the Chapman," "Parley the +Porter," "Stephen of Salisbury Plain," and other favourite tracts, with +John Bewick's and Lee's square woodcuts were written by the quaker lady, +Hannah More, about 1777, and were first published in broadsheet folio. +Some were done by Hazzard, of Bath, others by Marshall, of Bow Lane, +Aldermary Church Yard. A most curious collection of chap books did they +print, reviving the quaint old "Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green," "Guy, +Earl of Warwick," "Seven Champions," "Mother Shipton's Life and +Prophecies," "Wise Men of Gothan," "Adam Bell," "Robin Hood's Garland," +"Jane Shore," "Joaks upon Joaks," "Strapho, or Roger the Clown," +"Whetstone for dull Wits," "St. George and the Dragon," "Jack Horner:" +and hundreds of ballads, garlands, carols, broadsheets, songs, etc., +were in the collection. + +The "Great A and bouncing B Toy Book Factory," was somewhere near Little +Britain, the proprietor being John Marshall, who published the famous +"Life of a Fly." + + [Illustration: 5_1 + + _Block by Thomas Bewick._] + +The "Memoirs of a Peg Top," "Perambulations of a Mouse," 2 volumes with +cuts by John Bewick, and a number of other works, some by Mrs. Trimmer, +under various pseudonyms, were published in Bow Lane, also many quaint +broadsheets, the cuts of which are in this volume. + +Hazzard, printer of Bath, who published many works for Dr. J. Trusler, +with woodcuts by John Bewick, Lee, and others, also published the cheap +repository tracts. + +All the following little wood blocks were used in several toy books, +sometimes with Bewick's name on the titles, and done from 1787 to 1814, +in Dutch flowery and gingerbread gilt paper binding, just like Newbery +series. + + +Early John Bewick Cuts. + + [Illustrations: 6_1 - 6_6 + + _Tommy Two Shoes._ + _Robin Hood and Little John, pub. Wilson and Spence, York._ + _York Story Books, by Wilson and Spence, circa 1797._ + _Used in the Fables._ + _Used in the Fables_] + + [Illustrations: 7_1 - 7_5 + + _Cut by Lee, on the covers of Rusher's Penny "Banbury's."_ + _Two Blocks from Valentine's Gift. 1797._ + _Used by Wilson and Spence, York._ + _Patty Primrose._] + + [Illustrations: 8_1 - 8_6 + + _From Primrose Prettyface and her Scholars._ + _Two Ballad Cuts, by Green, of Knaresborough._ + _Mrs. Winlove's Rise of Learning._ + _The Concert of Birds, from Tommy Tag._] + + [Illustrations: 9_1, 9_2 + + _Frontispiece to Tommy Playlove and Joseph Lovebook._ + _Whitfield's Tabernacle, Moorfields, or Spa Fields Chapel. (?)_] + +In Blade's Life of Caxton, the reader will find interesting examples of +the earliest woodcut blocks illustrating the quaint and rare tomes +issued by the Almonry, Westminster, also at Oxford. The Robin Hood +Garland blocks (circa 1680 or earlier), is one of the earliest +provincial blocks with a distinct history. We can trace them in varied +collections used by early London and Provincial printers, and in the +London Bridge printed Chap Book Literature. + +Sutton, printer of Nottingham, issued a curious quarto volume of old +woodcuts. He was descended from the celebrated T. Sutton, who founded +the Charterhouse. Some twenty-five years ago I went over the very quaint +collection with the proprietor, and suggested a volume being issued, but +the idea had already been matured by him. + +Robert White, the poet and local historian of Newcastle upon Tyne--by +whose favour I reprinted Tommy Trip in 1867--has one of the choicest, +most comprehensive, and rarest libraries of local stories, garlands, +ballads, and chap books, and North country folk-lore children's books, +almanacks, primers, "A. B. C.," horn books, battledores, etc., that were +ever gathered together. I am glad to place on record, that by his will, +his collection will remain intact. The special opportunities afforded +him at the time for collecting them have entirely passed away. + +I believe he was descended from John White, printer for the five +northern counties of England to King William. This is referred to by Mr. +Dodd in his preface to a quarto volume of woodcut impressions. William +Dodd fully appreciated the local interest, by producing a limited +impression of the quaint blocks in his possession. + +The Rev. Mr. Hugo had a very large and important collection of blocks +and books, and at his death I arranged and catalogued them for Messrs. +Sotheby, according to the wish of his widow. The Rev. gentleman had +wished his collection to be purchased by the trustees of the British +Museum, but some little hitch occurred and this was not accomplished. +In his collection the Robin Hood block, perforated with worm holes, +realized quite a fancy price. + +Among the relics of ancient woodcutting, are some so early and crude in +their execution--quaint as the period they illustrate--as to really +entitle them to the literal name and meaning of _woodcuts_, rather than +wood-engravings, which they really became in the hands of the two +Bewicks and their numerous school of pupils. Other provincial publishers +were not so favoured as those at Newcastle-on-Tyne, as to have a Bewick +trying his prentice hand on similar series, as used by J. Bell and +others. + +The Cock Robin blocks in this collection are certainly the earliest +series I have seen among the thousands I have examined. The York Cries, +Tom Hickethrift, Jack the Giant Killer, and many kindred cuts, are +evidently from the collection of John White, the early printer, and are +as quaint, as funny and droll in crudity of execution, as any of Thomas +Gent's, the unique York engraver and bookseller. + +The rarity and interest of a collection like the present, with their +varied associations, may be fairly estimated when we consider that the +country printers in those days were not particular in making the same +woodcut do duty in most incongrous and inapplicable positions and +subjects. + +We have met with a block in a child's book, then the identical woodcut +on a ballad, catchpenny, or last dying speech and confession, setting at +defiance any suitability of illustration, or adaptability to the text +matter. Of course now, some of these examples are exceedingly ludicrous, +and do not fail to excite merriment, and often add to the intrinsic +value of the article, as may be judged by numerous examples that have +occurred in our literary auction marts during the last half century. + +Besides it must be taken fair notice of that a genuine wood-engraving, +or woodcut block may soon become a curiosity of the past, owing to the +improved methods of illustrating children's books. Many of Bewick's +blocks are veritable paintings on boxwood, and are as much classical +works of art as work by Josiah Wedgwood, and his able coadjutor, +J. Flaxman are in Fine Art. These early crude, quaint, droll little +pioneer wood blocks will ever remain of great and even historical +interest as showing the progress and influence on the illustrated +literature of the civilized world. + +Many of our readers have heard of Banbury Cross and Banbury cakes, and +other famous juvenile associations, as the lady with bells on her toes, +but it was also connected with the production of books for juvenile +readers. A great portion of the blocks in this volume are Banbury blocks +used for illustrating the toy books, children's histories, etc., for +which this quaint old Oxfordshire town was famous. Many of them are +connected with the early printing and engraving carried on in this and +other towns of England. A quantity of the blocks were used in the books +printed by John White of York, who established himself, as before +mentioned, as a printer in Newcastle-on-Tyne, bringing with him a stock +of quaint old blocks formerly his father's [at York], where he was sole +printer to King William, for the five northern counties of England. + +Boswell has recorded several conversations of Oliver Goldsmith with Dr. +Johnson, in which the warm-hearted poet expressed a wish, "to make +fishes, animals, birds, etc., _talk_, or appear so to do, for the +amusement and instruction of children." In the National Collection is +"The Valentine's Gift, or a Plan to enable children of all sizes and +denomination to behave with honour, integrity, and humanity, very +necessary to a trading nation: to which is added some account of Old +Zigzag, and of the Horn with which he used to understand the language of +birds, beasts, fishes and insects," etc., "Printed for Francis Power, +(grandson to the late Mr. J. Newbery) and Co., No. 65, St. Paul's +Churchyard, 1790, price sixpence, bound in gilt dutch paper binding, 105 +and iii pages". + +Numerous books were sold by Francis Power, No. 65, _near the Bar_, in +St. Paul's Churchyard, London; his list comprises "Giles Gingerbread," +"Tom Thumb's Folio," "The London Cries, taken from the Life," "The +Lilliputian Auction," by Charley Chatter, "Nurse Truelove's Christmas +Box," "New Year's Gift," "The History of Little Goody Two Shoes," new +edition, "Adventures of a Bee," "The Little Lottery Book," "A Pretty +Plaything for Children," "The Lilliputian Magazine," "The Picture +Exhibition," "Lilliputian Masquerade," "Juvenile Trials for Robbing +Orchards and Telling Fibs," "Pretty Poems by Tommy Tagg, for children +three feet high," "A Pretty Book of Pictures, or Tommy Tripp's History," +"The Drawing School by Master Angelo," "Poetical Flower Garden," "Tommy +Trapwit's Be Merry and Wise," "Lecture upon Toys," 2 vols; "Pretty Poems +for children six feet high," "The Museum," "Polite Academy," "Poetical +Flower Basket," "Mother Goose's Fairy Tales," "A Spelling Dictionary, +Rhetoric; Logic; Arithmetic; History; Chronology; Geography;" "Vicar of +Wakefield." Most of the latter except "Vicar" formed a circle of the +sciences licensed by approval of the King, each dedicated to a youthful +nobleman, by "John Newbery." The size was "snuffbox," or waistcoat +pocket (capacious in 1790, see "School for Scandal," etc., Costume, +etc.) Documentary evidence and receipts in Goldsmith's handwriting, +acknowledging various sums for writing the "Rhetorick," and others of +the above exist. Goldsmith also did numerous Abridgements of the Old and +New Testaments, Robinson Crusoe, Pamela, Clarissa Harlow, Sir Chas. +Grandison, all in this juvenile series for J. Newbery. + + [Illustration: 12_1 + _The Spider, from Bunyan's Divine Emblems._] + +This was a most popular juvenile brochure, at end of eighteenth century. +The early editions of J. Bunyan's Works, 2 vols, folio, had the Divine +Emblems at end of vol 2, with quaint old woodcuts. These were +industriously copied in reduced sizes, and published from 1d. to 6d., by +various London and Provincial "toy book" manufacturers. The above is a +solitary representative of the illustrations of one of these rare +editions of "Bunyan." + + [Illustrations: 12_2, 12_3 + + _From Evans's Cock Robin._ + _Frontispiece to Farthing Cinderella._] + + + [Illustrations: 13_1, 13_2 + + _Tobacco Paper Cut and Tavern Sign._ + _Very Early Ballad, D----l cut, etc._] + +John Evans, 42, Long Lane, West Smithfield, circa 1791, brought out some +singular little farthing children's books, printed on coarse sugar +paper, also ballads, single-sheet songs, and "patters." One, "The +tragical death of an Apple Pye, cut in pieces and eat, by twenty-five +gentlemen, with whom all little people ought to be very well +acquainted." + +J. Drewey, Irongate, Derby, brought out some entertaining fables, +in which the following woodcuts were used again. + + +_Blocks used in Red Riding Hood._ + + [Illustrations: 14_1 - 14_6] + + +_Blocks used in "Jack and the Giants" and "Tom, Tom, the Piper's son," +etc. From John White's stock, at York._ + + [Illustrations: 15_1 - 15_15] + + +_Cuts used for "Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son," etc._ + + [Illustrations: 16_1 - 16_6] + + +_Cuts to "Whittington and his Cat."_ + + [Illustrations: 16_7 - 16_10] + + +John Evans issued "Cock Robin, a pretty gilded toy for either girl or +boy," in which the early cut on page 12 was used. This rare edition has +the following comical variation from the orthodox version: + + "Little Robin Redbreast sat upon a pole, + Wiggle-waggle went its tail, and p--p went its hole." + + +_Very Early Cock Robin Set, from John White's York Stock._ + + [Illustrations: 17_1 - 17_10] + + +That quaint divine Dean Swift of St. Patricks, Dublin, edited some +curious poetry for "A Royal Primer," sqr. 32mo, published in the Seven +Dials, of Dublin ("Rainbow Court"). + + "Ech, ech, my dear'y, and + Ach, ach, my love. + "There was a little man who had a little gun, and + "There was a little maid who was very much afraid + To get wed, wed, wed," etc. + +This is long and curious, and was greatly altered and abreviated in +early 19th Century Editions. + + +_"The Royal Primer," from John White's York and Newcastle Stock._ + + [Illustrations: 18_1 - 18_12] + + +_From Dean Swift's Royal Primer, Dublin, circa 1770._ + + [Illustrations: 19_1 - 19_7] + + +_From Evans's edition of Cinderella._ + + [Illustrations: 19_8 - 19_11] + + +_Very Early "Cock Robin" Series, "Postboy" by Bewick for a Newcastle +Newspaper, "Wife Joan," etc., from J. White's Stock._ + + [Illustrations: 20_1 - 20_15] + + +_Early "Mother Hubbard:" J. Evans, Long Lane, circa 1770._ + + [Illustrations: 21_1 - 21_10] + + +_Early "Goody Two Shoes," "Jack and Jill," "Cock Robin," The Fables, +early Bewick School._ + + [Illustrations: 22_1 - 22_14] + + +_All Evans's style of woodcut, Catnach, etc., all used at Rushers +Banbury Press._ + + [Illustrations: 23_1 - 23_11 + + _Babes in the Wood._ + _Blue Beard._] + + +Providing ourselves with a variety of pens and ink, we select two of the +best and proceed to describe the Banbury Printer's old stock of cuts. + +Banbury, Oxfordshire, was one of the chief provincial towns noted for +its Children's Books, Chap Books, Battledoes, Reading Easies, etc., also +for locally printed works, notably for two, viz., Dr. Johnson's +_Rasselas_, and White and Beesley's workon _Bees_, thin 12mo volumes, +boards, printed in a curious phonetic character, called "Rusher's +Types." Rusher, printer of this town, had some ingenuity and originality +of his own, and was not such a plagiarist and imitator as some of his +contemporaries. Many of the tales he cleverly adapted to the locality, +which have become very valuable. His edition of the Rasselas realized L5 +5s. This book was written by Johnson in a week to defray his mother's +funeral expenses. + +We give several extracts from some of Rusher's Penny Books which will +show how well he adapted them to his town. + + + [Illustrations: 24_1 - 24_4] + + _[Early John Bewick,] Rusher's Lilliputian Library, Banbury, + circa. 1810._ + + At Rusher's fam'd Warehouse, + Books, Pictures and Toys + Are selling to please all + The good girls and boys. + + For youth of all ages + There's plenty in store, + Amusement, instruction, + For rich and the poor. + + + _From the New House that Jack Built._ + + See Jack in his study, + Is writting a book, + As pretty as this is + In which you may look; + + The price is one penny, + For girls or for boys, + There's more too at Rusher's, + And Pictures and Toys. + + + _Poetic Trifles._ + + Sing see-saw, Jack thatching the ridge, + Which is the way to Banbury-bridge? + One foot up and t'other foot down, + And that's the way to Banbury town. + + + As I was going to Banbury + Upon a summer's day, + My dame had butter, eggs and fruit, + And I had corn and hay, + Joe drove the ox and Tom the swine, + Dick took the foal and mare: + I sold them all--then home to dine + From famous Banbury Fair. + + + Here's something new + Dear child for you, + I will please you in a trice + A halfp'ny chuse, + Now don't refuse, + A penny is the price. + + + Tho' basely born + Pray do not scorn + A Tale no worse than many + For I'm afraid + More say in trade, + A halfp'ny's made a penny. + + + Good things to engross, + Near Banbury cross + Where Tommy shall go on the nag, + He makes no mistake, + Buy a Banbury Cake, + Books, Pictures, and Banbury Shag. + + + Little Robin Redbreast + Sat upon a tree + He sang merrily + As merrily could be. + + He nodded with his head + And his tail waggled he + As little Robin Redbreast + Sat upon a tree. + + + Now each lad and each lass + Both sister and brother + May have books for each class + For Father or Mother. + + And when with much pleasure + You've read them all o'er, + Then hasten to Rusher's, + He's printing some more. + + Where each daughter and son + And each nephew and niece, + Each good child may have one, + For a penny a piece. + + +BLACK YOUR SHOES, YOUR HONOUR? + + Here's Finiky Hawkes, + As busy as any, + Will well black your shoes, + And charge but a penny. + + +The following little "Banbury Cake" Book is so excessively rare, we give +the text verbatim. + + + * * * * * + + THE HISTORY + of a + BANBURY CAKE. + + An Entertaining Book For Children. + + _BANBURY:_ + Printed and Sold by J. G. RUSHER, + Bridge Street. + + _Price One Penny._ + + +PREFACE. + +It will be thought very odd, I doubt not, by each little boy and girl +into whose hands this book shall fall, that a Banbury Cake should be +able to write (as it were) its own life; but as they advance in years, +they will find that many strange things happen every day--I shall +therefore without more words to the bargain proceed with my story. + + +HISTORY OF A BANBURY CAKE. + +I was born or made (whichever you please, my little reader) at Banbury +in the county of Oxford, as you can plainly conceive by my title, where +great numbers of Cakes are brought into being daily; and from whence +they travel by coach, chaise, waggon, cart horse and foot into all parts +of this Kingdom: nay and beyond the seas, as I heard my maker declare +that he had, more then once sent some of them into France. + +Soon after I was made, and while I was yet warm from the oven, I was +sold by my maker's fair daughter to a person on horseback for twopence. + +With this person I took my first journey to Oxford; he rode a very fine +Black Horse. As soon as he came home, he gave me to his son a lovely +little boy, about seven years of age, and one as I found to my comfort +not only lovely in person but in temper also. His name was Tommy, and he +was praised and loved by all that knew him, and had often presents of +cakes, toys and little books, and other things that are proper for +children of his age; the books he kept with great care as things of +value and worthy of his notice, but other trinkets he seemed to despise. + +Tommy and his cousin were taken to see Mr. Polito's collection of wild +beasts and birds, which were then exhibiting at Oxford, among which were +a large lion, an eagle, and many other natural curiosities, which sight +was very entertaining, as Tommy and his cousin had never seen such +before. They afterwards walked into the Colleges, round Christ Church +College Meadow, and indeed saw all the curiosities about Oxford. + + (The Banbury Cake). + + * * * * * + + +We give a Bibliographical List, as perfect as is possible to date, +of the "Halfpenny Series" of little History and Story Books issued at +Rusher's Banbury Press, some even with the same titles as the "Penny +Series," yet totally different in arrangement and woodcuts, used, as +comparison in the Bodleian Library will readily show: Mother Hubbard and +her Dog; Nursery Rymmes from the Royal Collections; Poetic Trifles for +young Gentlemen and Ladies; The Cries of Banbury, London, and Celebrated +Stories; Children in the Wood, Historical Ballad (Norfolk?); Children in +the Wood, Restored by Honestus; Hermit of the Forest (Cumberland); Jack +the Giant Killer, a Hero, celebrated by Ancient Historians (Cornwall); +Robinson Crusoe; Nursery Poems from the Ancient and Modern Poets; Jack +and Gill and Old Dame Gill; Read who will, They'll laugh their fill; +Dick Whittington and his Cat; The History of Tom Thumb (Middlesex); +Death and Burial of Cock Robin; Renowned History of Dame Trot and her +Cat; London Jingles and Country Tales for Young People; Tom, Tom, the +Piper' Son; Cinderella and her Glass Slipper; Jack Spratt and his Wife +Joan, etc. etc. + + + [Illustrations: 27_1, 27_2] + + +_Bewick School, used in Rusher's Banbury Toy Books._ + + [Illustrations: 28_1, 28_2] + + +_Used by Rusher in his Banbury Horn Books, Battledores, Galloping +Guide to A, B, C, Primers, Reading Made Easy, Spelling Books, etc._ + + [Illustration: 28_3] + + + [Illustration: 29_1 + + _From Evans's, Long Lane, West Smithfield, used afterwards at + Banbury._] + + +Rusher's Banbury _Battledore_ and _Reading Made Easy_ blocks, show the +next improvement on the old _Horn Books_. Then Rusher published a +_Galloping Guide to the A B C._, for which see next page. + + [Illustrations: 29_2, 29_3] + + + [Transcriber's Note: + + Beginning with D, each letter has its own illustration, printed in + sets of three. The alphabet is printed continuously down the left + and right margins. A page break separates the "Judge" illustration + from its line of text. The complete pages can be seen as + "pic_30_all.png" - "pic_32_all.png"] + + [Illustration: 30_1] + + A was an Acorn, that grew on the oak; + B is a Boy, who delights in his book. + C is a Canister, holds mamma's teas; + D is a Drum, you may sound if you please. + + [Illustration {D, E, F}: 30_2] + + E is an Eagle, that soars very high; + F is a Fox, that is crafty and sly. + + [Illustration {G, H, J}: 30_3] + + G is a Griffin, of him pray take heed; + H is a Hare, that can run with great speed. + + [Illustration {K, L, M}: 31_1] + + J is a Judge, that the law oft obeys; + K is a Key, that no secret betrays. + L is a Lamb, often freaks o'er the lea; + M is a Mermaid, that sings in the sea. + + [Illustration {N, O, P}: 31_2] + + N is a Nightingale, dwells in the wood; + O is an Ox, whose beef roasted is good. + P is a Peach, that did grow very high; + Q is a Quince, makes a savoury pie. + + [Illustration {Q, R, S}: 31_3] + + R is a Raven, rapacity charms; + S shining Sun, is the Banbury Arms. + + [Illustration {T, V, W}: 31_4] + + T is a Trumpet, your merit to raise; + V is a Vulture, on other birds preys. + W a Wren, that was perch'd on a spray; + + [Illustration {X, Y, Z}: 32_1] + + X was King Xerxes, well known in his day. + Y is a Yew Tree, both slender and tall; + Z Zacaariah, the last of them all. + + + [Illustration: 32_2 + _Reading made Easie, copy of Bewick._] + + [Illustration: 32_3 + _You are Old Father William, by Green._] + + + [Illustration: 33_1 + The History of Jack the Giant-killer.] + +The above woodcut of a Fugitive Soldier (designed by Craig, and engraved +by Lee) was used on the back of the cover of this little book, as issued +by J. G. Rusher at Banbury. + + [Illustrations: 33_2 - 33_7 + + Jack's Artfulness. + Jack shows the Giant a trick. + The Giant and his Prisoners. + Jack slices off the Giant's nose. + Jack kills Blunderbore. + Jack strangles the Giants.] + + +DEATH AND BURIAL OF COCK ROBIN. + + [Illustrations: 34_1 - 34_8, 35_1 - 35_7 + + Who killed Cock Robin? + + I, said the sparrow, + With my bow and arrow, + I killed Cock Robin! + + This is the pie + That saw him die. + + Who caught his blood? + I said the fish, + With my little dish, + I caught his blood! + + Who made his shroud? + I, said the Eagle, + With my thread and needle! + + This is the Owl so brave + That dug Cock Robin's grave. + + Who'll be the parson? + I, said the Rook. + + Who'll be the clerk? + I, said the lark. + + Who'll carry him to his grave? + I, said the kite. + + Who'll be the chief mourner? + I, said the swan. + + Who'll bear his Pall? + We, said the wrens. + + Who'll toll the bell? + I, said the Bull. + + Who'll lead the way? + I, said the martin. + + The birds of the air fell a sighing and sobbing, + When they heard the bell toll for poor Cock Robin.] + + + [Illustrations: 36_1 - 36_7 + + The History of Tom Thumb. + + The cow took Tom Thumb + With a mouthful of grass. + + His butterfly mounted, + And rode o'er the stream. + + He climbed up the edge, + And fell in the bowl. + + Tom soused in the firmity, + And had a great fall. + + The breath of the spider + In the midst of the strife + Was too much for Sir Thomas, + And cost him his life. + + {Alas! Sir Thomas}] + + + [Illustrations: 37_1 - 37_7 + + Children in the Wood. + With clay-cold lips the babes they kissed. + He bargained with two ruffians strong. + Away the little babes were sent. + To fight they go right suddenly. + Then hand in hand they took their way. + Till death did end their grief.] + + +Mother Hubbard and her Dog. + +Designed by George Cruikshank (early work), and engraved by Branston. + + [Illustrations: 38_1 - 38_8] + + +Dame Trot and her Cat. + +Early Cruikshank School. + + [Illustrations: 39_1 - 39_8 + + Dame Trot. + Dame Trot's Cat. + Dame teaches the Cat. + Dame takes her to market. + Riding. + The Cat smells a Rat. + Dressing. + The Cat fights Dog Ball.] + + +The History of Robinson Crusoe. + + [Illustrations: 40_1 - 40_7 + + "Robinson Crusoe, he + Was determined to go to sea" + The Raft. + At Home. + The Tame Goat. + The Footprints. + Shooting Savages. + Traversing the Island.] + +_Designed by Cruikshank, engraved by Dranston._ + + +The Life of Jack Sprat and his Wife Joan. + +Cruikshank School. + + [Illustrations: 41_1 - 41_12 + + Jack and his Wife. + Jack Sprat goes courting. + Joan goes for a walk. + Jack's Marriage. + Jack wheeling his Wife. + Joan sits in her chair. + Jack takes his gun. + But the birds don't care. + Jack buys a cow. + Jack buys a mare. + Jack rests. + And grows fat.] + + +Cinderella and her Glass Slipper. + +Published by Rusher, circa 1814. Designed by Cruikshank, and engraved +by Branstone. A copy is in the Bodleian Library. + + [Illustrations: 42_1 - 42_7 + + Cinderella. + Cinderella dressing for the Ball. + Cinderella going to the Ball in a fine coach. + Cinderella dancing with the King's Son. + Cinderella drops one of her glass slippers. + Cinderella marries the Prince.] + + +Jack and Jill. + + [Illustrations: 43_1 - 43_13 + + Jack and Jill + Went up the hill. + + Then up Jack got, + And home did trot. + + Then Jill came in, + And she did grin. + + They rode dog Ball, + And Jill did fall. + + Says Jill, I'll tell + You how Jack fell. + + I'll try, says Jack, + Upon his back. + + Now Jill did laugh, + And Jack did cry. + + They first rode high, + And then rode low. + + The very next thing + They made a swing. + + Camel came by. + Says Jack, I'll try. + + The pig he squalled, + While Jack he bawled. + + Hearing the rout, + The dame came out. + + Read it who will, + They'll laugh they fill.] + + +Dick Whittington and his Cat. + +Designed by Cruikshank, and engraved by Branstone; published by Rusher +about 1814. An original copy is in the Bodleian Library. + + [Illustrations: 44_1 - 44_6 + + Dick goes on his travels. + And meets with a kind Merchant. + A penny for your cat, Dame! + Bow Bells ringing "Turn again Whittington!" + Pussy clears the King's table, + And makes Whittington's fortune.] + + + [Illustration: 45_1 + + The Cries of York.] + +"The Cries of York, for the amusement of Young Children, decorated with +cuts printed by T. Kendrew, Collier Gate, York." These York Cries have +not been mentioned by any writer on juvenile literature and the same may +be said of the Banbury Cries. T. Kendrew of York, brought out many +interesting penny and other children's books. He published "Giles +Gingerbread, a little boy who lived upon learning, by Tom Trip," this +was an abbreviation of Newberry's Edition of the "Silver Penny." The +series was illustrated with the early and prentice work of the Bewick +School. One of the rarest is "The Cries of York," the cuts of which +afterwards travelled to Banbury and appeared in "Banbury Cries." The +series we are enabled to give complete. + + [Illustrations: 45_2 - 45_4] + + +_Cuts belonging to York Cries._ + + [Illustrations: 46_1 - 46_9] + + [Illustrations: 47_1 - 47_9] + + [Illustrations: 48_1 - 48_3] + + +Appended are the words to many of the foregoing Cries. + +THE ITALIAN BASKET SELLER. + + Ventured across the main behold, + "Buy Baskets," solemn Face, + He sells for Lust of Naughty Gold, + Which is a Common Case. + +MEND OLD PANS AND KETTLES, O! + + (_Peaseholme Green Postern_) + Hark! who is this, the Tinker Bold, + To mend or spoil you Kettle, + Whose wife, I'm certain is a Scold, + Made up of base metal. + + Buy my Clocks and Weather Glasses! + Buy Shirt Hand Buttons! + (_Walmgate Bar_) + + "If I'd as much money as I could tell; + I never would cry young lambs to sell." + (_Thursday Market_) + + "Buy my Anchovies. + Buy my nice Anchovies." + +SWEEP YOUR CHIMNEY CLEAN, O! + + With drawling tone, Brush under arm, + And Bag slung o'er his shoulder, + Behold the Sweep, the Streets alarm, + With Stentor's voice and louder. + +COME BUY MY NICE MUFFINS. + + Hot Muffins and Crumpets too, + For Breakfast and for Tea; + I've only a very few left, + In Basket as you may see. + + Buy Banbury Cakes! By fortune's frown, + You see this needy man, + Along the street and up and down + Is selling all he can. + +COCKLES ALIVE, ALIVE, O! + + Behold Poor James at York again, + His Cockles all alive, O! + Alive, Alive, he cries amain, + Come buy that he may thrive, O! + + "Buy my fine Larks." + (_Catching Larks_) + + "Sixpence a Score Oysters." + (_Ouse Bridge_) + + "Come Buy my Roasting Spits." + + "Rabbits! Rabbits!" + + "Buy my fine Writing Ink." + + "The City Bellman." + (_Hay Weigh_) + + "Buy my Cranberries, fine Cranberries." + + "Sweet China Oranges." + (_Pavement_) + + "Buy my Capers. + Buy my nice Capers, Capers." + + "Buy my nice Banbury Cakes." + + "Buy my Windmills, a halfpenny-a-piece." + (_Monk Bar_) + + "Fine Kidney Potatoes." + + "Threepence a Mart Ripe Gooseberries." + + "Come buy a true Calendar." + (_Castle Gates_) + + "Razors, Knives, and Scissors to grind." + + "Acomb Sand." + + "Race Lists." + + +The Cries of York is distinctly different from The Cries of London +issued by Kendrew though the same set of Cuts are utilized. + +London Street Cries have always had a fascination peculiarly their own. +Madame Vestris used to bring down the house with "Cherry Ripe," and +where are happier efforts of the favourite home Artists than "London +Cries" by A. Morland, Wheatley, Stodhard, and others, which are so +eagerly sought after by connoiseurs? The pretty plaintive Cries too, +would we had the 'music' to them, so familiar in the streets in those +charming old English days. + + [Illustration: 49_1 + + "_Nothing like leather._"] + +A most interesting and quaint old relic is the one from which annexed +impression is given, from Dyche's Spelling Book: an exceedingly clean, +choice and crisp copy of this book, in the original sheep covers,--a +veritable "old shopkeeper," which for nearly a century had escaped its +intended destiny in Rusher's varied stores, at length found a resting +place in Sir Thomas Bodley's venerable receptacle for bibliographical +treasures in the Bodelian, Oxford. The present example--a portion of +which was broken away many years ago,--is probably the sole surviving +one of the quaint series of cuts, doubtless admired by our +great-grand-parents over 100 years ago. + + +The following are curious examples of Fable Cuts, which were used in +Dilworth, Cocker, Fisher, and others. + + [Illustrations: 50_1 - 50_4] + + +_Early Fable Cuts, used at Banbury in Spelling Books._ + + [Illustrations: 51_1 - 51_5] + + +_History of Joseph, designed by Isaac Cruikshank._ + + [Illustrations: 52_1 - 52_7] + + +_Clever little vignettes, by Thomas and John Bewick and Pupils, used +first at Nicholson's, Ludlow, circa 1787, and afterwards, circa 1814, +used in Rusher's Banbury Books._ + + [Illustrations: 53_1 - 53_10] + + +_Woodcuts of the Bewick and Cruikshank Schools, from Ludlow and +Ploughwill, afterwards used at Banbury._ + + [Illustrations: 54_1 - 54_14] + + +_Used in various Rusher's Penny Banbury Children's Books._ + + [Illustrations: 55_1 - 55_10] + + +_By Bewick's Pupils, used in Children's Books at Banbury by Rusher._ + + [Illustrations: 56_1 - 56_13] + + +_By Bewick and Pupils, from Ludlow, all used at Banbury._ + + [Illustrations: 57_1 - 57_10] + + + [Illustration: 58_1 + + _Close copy of Bewick, by a pupil._] + + DRUNKEN BARNABY. + + To Banbury came I, + Prophane one, + Where I saw a Puritan + Hanging of his cat on Monday + For killing of a mouse on Sunday. + + [Illustrations: 58_2 - 58_6 + + _Bewick playing the Northumbrian Pipes, a very early + J. Bewick._ + _Jack and the Giants, from the early York edition._ + _Raree, or Peep Show, R. Cruikshank's design, engraved by Sears._ + _Chapman, or Running Stationer, designed by Cruikshank and engraved + by Branston. (Used in York Cries)._] + + + [Illustrations: 59_1, 59_2 + + _Banbury Old Church._] + +A Gentleman wrote to one of the newspapers some time ago, detailing a +curious incident that happened to himself, showing how these very +interesting prints and blocks are being scattered and destroyed. He says +"In the old days when Catnach was King of the ballad world, boys used to +steal the woodblocks of Mr. Bewick the wood-cutter, and sell them to the +great song singer. Yesterday, for a halfpenny, I picked up in a bye +street in London one of the prints of a very beautiful block of this +kind heading a song called 'The Wealthy Farmer's Son.' I wonder whether +anybody has ever thought it worth while to collect these pictures." This +interesting pursuit of collecting and illustrating with extra cuts, +pages of child book literature of the 17th, 18th, and early 19th +century, would indeed be a charming recreation. On this subject there +appeared a long article in the Graphic, where the writer says, under the +initials 'C. H.,' "There are few more agreeable occupations for anyone +who has sufficient leisure at his disposal, than that of embellishing a +favourite book with illustrations appropriate to the subject, and +thereby endowing it with additional interest and value. To those who +cultivate this fascinating pursuit with taste and intelligence, there +are two indispensible conditions of success. The task of collecting the +materials is a labour of love, and every fresh discovery in some +out-of-the-way corner, of a long-sought desideratum, a delight which the +patience and industrious enthusiast alone can appreciate." Then follows +much genial advice on tasteful and judicious collecting, and how to +illustrate. In the present case the interest and value could only be +realized or conceived on the completion of a choice collection of extra +cuts, and cuttings of articles, portraits, views, autograph letters, +etc., carefully mounted on cartridge paper, paged to correspond with the +text, and then handed to a judicious binder--this is a very important +item--who would carefully encase it, and make it form a select and an +exceptionibly valuable addition to the library. + + + [Illustration: 60_1 + + _The Banbury Bellman._] + + [Illustrations: 60_2, 60_3 + + _Tradesmen' Shops in Banbury, used on their bill-heads._] + + + [Illustrations: 61_1 - 61_5 + + _Used in various tradesmen's Billheads, etc., printed at Rusher's + Press, Banbury._] + + +That this interesting idea may not be considered unworthy of +adoption--which by the way the few large paper copies of this book are +admirably adopted--we give a short list of those who have collected and +treasured with care these little brochures. In the South Kensington +Museum on exhibition, is a collection of Horn Books and Battledores, +exhibited by Kenneth, R. H. Mackenzie, Esq., _F.S.A.,_ who read a paper +on this subject before the Society of Antiquaries. There is another +collection which includes many curious Horn Books or Battledores, from +circa 1750, 1784, 1800 to 1810, including photo and facsimiles of one of +the Middleton Horn Books now in the Bateman Museum. There is also a +curious poem on the Horn Book by a Gent. suffering from the gout, +printed at Dublin by T. Cowan, 1728, small 4to, only a few leaves. +Another very neat Horn Book with the Horn in front, hence its name, is +also on view. The scarcity of these quaint early educational books may +be understood from the fact that Mr. Hone, author of the Every Day Book, +etc., sought for an original Horn Book for years without success. Mr. +Coleridge had one or two cases on exhibition, with numerous examples of +Newbury and Marshall's little books, but we believe these are withdrawn. +There is also a selection of early educational books; but the largest +collection formed is still on exhibition. In conclusion, it may be said +that the present volume contains many precious relics of the Bewick, +Newbury, Goldsmith, Newcastle York, Banbury, Coventry, and Catnach +presses, and a representative collection of the stock of workable +woodcuts of a provincial printer in the latter part of the 18th century, +and to those who would like to inspect the rentable copies of those +valuable and interesting little books, and some of the original Horn +Books, etc., let them see the Coleridge, Kenneth Mackenzie, and Pearson +collections in the South Kensington Museum. + + [Illustrations: 62_1, 62_2 + + _Rustic Cottages near Banbury._] + +Since writing the above, there appeared in the catalogue of books +belonging to William Bell Scott, Esq., recently sold at Messrs. Sotheby, +a small 4to Album containing a collection of wood engravings by Bewick, +Clennell, and others, which with some newspaper cuttings made quite a +dainty extra illustrated volume. + +If so eminent an artist could find pleasure and recreation in this +pursuit, others may certainly rely upon finding it equally attractive, +but he would have found his task much easier if he had had a large paper +copy of this work interleaved. This is recommended to any person +desiring to take up this charming recreation. + + [Illustrations: 62_3, 62_4] + + +_Illustrations of Children's Books, used by Rusher at Banbury._ + + [Illustrations: 63_1 - 63_15] + + +_All used by Rusher in his Children's Books, Banbury._ + + [Illustrations: 64_1 - 64_11] + + +_All used in Rusher's Banbury Books._ + + [Illustrations: 65_1 - 65_10] + + +_Used by Rusher._ + + [Illustrations: 66_1 - 66_12] + + +_All used in Rusher's Books._ + + [Illustrations: 67_1 - 67_13] + + +_Bewick School, all used in Rusher's Banbury Toy Books._ + + [Illustrations: 68_1 - 68_11] + + +_Used on Local Tracts and afterwards, issued at Rusher's Press, +Bridge St., Banbury._ + + [Illustrations: 69_1 - 69_11] + + +_Used by Rusher._ + + [Illustrations: 70_1 - 70_13] + + +_All used in the Banbury Juvenile Series._ + + [Illustrations: 71_1 - 71_11] + + +_Engraved by Bewick School, used in the Children's Books._ + + [Illustrations: 72_1 - 72_12] + + +_All used in Rusher's Banbury Toy Books._ + + [Illustrations: 73_1 - 73_12] + + +_On Early Tract Society Publications._ + + [Illustrations: 74_1 - 74_10] + + +_Used for illustrating early Tracts._ + + [Illustrations: 75_1 - 75_9] + + +_All used in Educational Tracts, Banbury._ + + [Illustrations: 76_1 - 76_9] + + +_Used in Early Tracts, Banbury._ + + [Illustrations: 77_1 - 77_8] + + + [Illustration: 78_1 + + BANBURY FAIR.] + +About 1820, many curious Tracts were issued by various Societies with +the illustrations which follow. Some of these Tracts relating to Social +and Religious questions of that day had been edited by Hannah More and +her sister--at "Barley Wood," near Bath--also by Rowland Hill, the +eccentric divine of old Surrey Chapel, and others; these are now quite +ephemeral literary productions, notably some on the "Sunday Question." +Several of the following cuts were used contemporary with Timothy +Spagg's (Charles Dickens's) Sunday Under Three Heads. One of these, +an 8vo pamphlet, has on the title, a large woodcut by Thomas Bewick, +commencing;--_Here we have Bewick, I declare_, etc. Many of the original +cuts to the Bristol series of Tracts issued from 1805 to 1820 are in +this volume. + + [Illustrations: 78_2, 78_3] + + +Cuts used in Educational Tracts written by Hannah More and Mrs. +Trimmer, circa 1810. Engraved by Anderson, Thompson, Williams, and +others. + + [Illustrations: 79_1 - 79_5] + + +Used on Local Tracts and Juvenile Literature, by Rusher. + + [Illustrations: 80_1 - 80_8] + + +Used on Tracts by Hannah More and Rev. Rowland Hill, circa 1814, and +afterwards in Rusher's Books. + + [Illustrations: 81_1 - 81_5] + + +Vignettes by Sears, engraved after Williams and others, and used on +cheap Repository Tracts, etc., and books issued from Rusher's press. + + [Illustrations: 82_1 - 82_6] + + +These cuts were used in a series of Tracts published by Chilcott of +Bristol. Afterwards by Rusher at Banbury. + + [Illustrations: 83_1 - 83_6] + + +Cuts by Sears after Williams, used on Cheap Repository Tracts, and on +Local Banbury Ephemeral Literature. + + [Illustrations: 84_1 - 84_6] + + +Used on Rusher's Educational and other Local Pamphlets. + + [Illustrations: 85_1 - 85_5 + + "Distaff."] + + +Engraved by Lee--used by Rusher. + + [Illustrations: 86_1 - 86_5] + + +THE LILLIPUTIAN MAGAZINE. + + [Illustrations: 87_1 - 87_6 + + From Catnach. + Norwood Gipsy. + Catnach Spelling Book Cuts.] + + + [Illustrations: 88_1 - 88_9 + + Engravings used by Evans in his Ballad Singers. + Early Newbery block by J. Bell. + Very early 'Cock Robin' cut. + A Tradesman's Shop at Banbury. + The Marriage Ceremony.] + + +"Billy Buttons" ride to Brentford, and other Catnach 'Catches,' used +by Rusher. + + [Illustrations: 89_1 - 89_6] + + +Used by Rusher at Banbury. + + [Illustrations: 90_1 - 90_2 + + Bible Cut. + Frontispiece to Banbury Local Biography.] + + +Used by Rusher. + + [Illustrations: 91_1 - 91_8] + + + [Illustrations: 92_1 - 92_5 + + Used on Banbury 'Catch-pennies.' + Mr. Doubleface, a man not to be trusted.] + + + [Illustrations: 93_1, 93_2 + + Battle of the Nile. + Battle of Trafalgar.] + + + [Illustrations: 94_1 - 94_6 + + Lamenting the Great Fire, engraved by Austin. + Christian and Hopeful escaping from Doubting Castle.] + + + [Illustrations: 95_1 - 95_3 + + Vignette by Green, of Knaresborough. + Knaresborough Tragedy, engraved by Lee.] + + +Cuts used by Rusher at Banbury. + + [Illustrations: 96_1 - 96_4] + + +Newspaper and Heraldic cuts, 18th Century. + + [Illustrations: 97_1 - 97_5] + + +EARLY TAVERN SIGNS AT BANBURY. + + [Illustrations: 98_1 - 98_6 + + The Boar's Head. + The White Hart. + The Sportsman's Arms. + The Bull's Head. + Vignettes to 'Vicar of Wakefield,' by Craig and Sears.] + +"Children's Games," and other Toy Books published by Darton and Harvey, +Gracechurch Street, and afterwards by Rusher, Banbury. + + [Illustrations: 99_1 - 99_8] + + +Published by Darton and Harvey, afterwards by Rusher. + + [Illustrations: 100_1 - 100_8] + + [Illustrations: 101_1 - 101_8] + + [Illustrations: 102_1 - 102_10] + + + [Illustrations: 103_1 - 103_4 + + Cyclops, from 'Thorton's Virgil,' circa 1810. + In the Preface it is stated, Wm. Blake designed, and Branstone + engraved the above. + Bewick Tailpieces.] + + + [Illustrations: 104_1 - 104_5 + + Banbury Horse "to travel" cuts, used by Rusher. + Children's Book Cuts, used by Rusher.] + + +Cuts used on Mrs. Trimmer's Educational Works; engraved by Thomson +and Branston. + + [Illustrations: 105_1 - 105_7] + + +Choice Vignette wood-engravings to Goldsmith's 'Vicar,' 'Poems,' etc., +published by Nicholson in his "Literary Miscellany," at Ludlow and +Ploughmill, circa 1798. + +Engraved by Craig, Bewick's Pupil. + + [Illustrations: 106_1 - 106_5] + + + [Illustrations: 107_1 - 107_3 + + The Newcastle Collier on his "homeway way." + Portrait of a Shrew. + Engraving by Thomson.] + + +DROLLERIES OF THE STEAM ENGINE. + +When Steam was first introduced it naturally called forth much 'text' +and illustration. The above we believe to be designed by 'Cromek.' Miss +Bewick spoke highly of him; he was one of the 'Boys' or pupils in +Bewick's School. He executed some choice vignettes for 'Burns's Poems,' +much in Luke Clennell's style, Bewick's favourite pupil. + + [Illustrations: 108_1 - 108_9] + + [Illustrations: 109_1 - 109_3] + + + [Illustrations: 109_4 - 109_7] + + +VIGNETTES AND TAILPIECES TO GAY'S FABLES. + +Engraved by John Thomson, Branstone, and Williams; used at Chiswick +Press. + + [Illustrations: 110_1 - 110_12] + + [Illustrations: 111_1 - 111_12] + + [Illustrations: 112_1 - 112_12] + + [Illustrations: 113_1 - 113_12] + + + [Illustrations: 114_1 - 114_12] + + + [Illustrations: 115_1 - 115_6] + + + [Illustrations: 116_1 - 116_3 + + This woodcut did duty for "Arabian Nights," "Bluebeard," etc.; + probably designed by Cruikshank, engraved by Branstone.] + + +FINIS. + + + * * * * * + +Errors and Anomalies Noted by Transcriber: + +Branston : Branstone + _variant spelling as in the original_ +these celebrated little rarities of Toy Books + _text reads "of // of" at page break_ +the curious genius, historian, author, poet, woodcuter and engraver + _spelling as in original_ +Calendars, Almanacks, and Chep-Books + _spelling as in original_ +"Wise Men of Gothan," + _spelling as in original_ +_Whitfield's Tabernacle, Moorfields, or Spa Fields Chapel. (?)_ + _(?) in original_ +most incongrous and inapplicable positions and subjects + _spelling as in original_ +This is long and curious, and was greatly altered and abreviated + _spelling as in original_ +Children's Books, Chap Books, Battledoes, Reading Easies, etc. + _spelling as in original_ +White and Beesley's work on _Bees_ + _text reads "workon"_ +See Jack in his study, / Is writting a book, + _spelling as in original_ +as comparison in the Bodleian Library will readily show + _text reads "Bodilean"_ +an abbreviation of Newberry's Edition + _spelling as in original_ +adoption--which by the way the few large paper copies of this book are +admirably adopted-- + _so in original: possible corrected reading:_ + adoption--to which by the way the few large paper copies of this + book are admirably adapted-- +The above we believe to be designed by 'Cromek.' + _so in original: the illustrations were actually printed below + the text_ + + +Punctuation (unchanged except as noted): + +... Philip Quarll (also Perambulations of a Mouse, / Little Jack, Goody + Two Shoes, Blossoms of Morality, Puzzle for a curious / Girl), and + others are given. + _close parenthesis missing: may belong at end of sentence_ +Chalmer's in his preface to "Idler," +circa. 1810. +Tom, Tom, the Piper' Son +I, said the Eagle, / With my thread and needle! + _text has ? for !_ +Who'll be the parson? + _? missing_ +"Razors, Knives, and Scissors to grind." + _text has , for final ._ +Tradesmen' Shops in Banbury, used on their bill-heads. + + +Quotation Marks (corrected by transcriber): + +missing open quote: + "Children's Games," and other Toy Books +missing close quote: + ... bound in gilt dutch paper binding, 105 and iii pages". + "A Spelling Dictionary, Rhetoric; Logic; Arithmetic; History; + Chronology; Geography;" + "Buy my nice Banbury Cakes." +extra open quote: + Buy my nice Anchovies." (second line of two) + Buy my nice Capers, Capers." (second line of two) +single for double open quote: + "Wife Joan," etc., from J. White's Stock. + the "Silver Penny." +single for double close quote: + "Buy Chep" + "Adam Bell," + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Banbury Chap Books, by Edwin Pearson + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BANBURY CHAP BOOKS *** + +***** This file should be named 19132.txt or 19132.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/1/3/19132/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Malcolm Farmer and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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