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diff --git a/19058.txt b/19058.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0eb6c54 --- /dev/null +++ b/19058.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20554 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Ordnance Instructions for the United States +Navy., by Bureau of Ordnance, USN + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Ordnance Instructions for the United States Navy. + 1866. Fourth edition. + +Author: Bureau of Ordnance, USN + +Release Date: August 16, 2006 [EBook #19058] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS *** + + + + +Produced by Jeannie Howse, Curtis Weyant and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The University of Michigan Making of America collection) + + + + + + + ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS + + FOR THE + + UNITED STATES NAVY. + + 1866. + + + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | There are some very wide tables in this work, either on | + | one page or across two pages. These have been broken | + | apart to fit within a 75 character width; they can all | + | be put back together, with some minor adjustments for | + | those sections that have information across multiple | + | columns. | + | | + | Inconsistent spelling is maintained in this document. | + | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + +ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS + +FOR THE + +UNITED STATES NAVY. + + +PART I. + +RELATING TO THE +PREPARATION OF VESSELS OF WAR FOR BATTLE, +AND TO THE +DUTIES OF OFFICERS AND OTHERS WHEN AT QUARTERS. + + +PART II. + +THE EQUIPMENT AND MANOEUVRE OF BOATS +AND +EXERCISE OF BOAT HOWITZERS. + + +PART III. + +ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES. + + +FOURTH EDITION.--PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. + + +WASHINGTON: +GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, +1866. + + + + + Officers are requested to communicate to the Bureau of + Ordnance any suggestions relative to future additions or + corrections, with the reasons for any proposed changes, + quoting part, page, and paragraph by its number. + + + + +CONTENTS. + +[A full index will be found at the end of the book.] + + + PART PAGE +Captain 1 3-6 +Executive Officer 1 6, 7 +Officers in charge of divisions 1 8, 9 +Master 1 9 +Chief Engineer 1 9 +Gunner 1 9-12 +Carpenter 1 12 +Yeoman 1 13 +General distribution of officers and men at quarters 1 14-20 +Distribution and arms of men at the guns 1 21-25 +Duties at quarters in battle or exercise 1 26-40 +Equipments and Implements 1 33-35 +Broadside guns, stations and gun-numbers 1 35 +Calls for assembling at quarters 1 36, 37 +Preparations for exercise at general quarters 1 38-40 +Arrangements for delivering and distributing powder 1 41-45 +Naval gun-carriages 1 45 +Exercise of broadside-guns 1 46-60 +Exercise of pivot-guns 1 61-73 +Notes upon the manual exercise 1 74-88 +The use of fuzes 1 89-91 +Boarders 1 92, 93 +General precautions to be observed in time of war 1 94-96 +Directions in case of fire 1 97-100 +Rifled Cannon 1 101-107 +Monitors 1 108-112 +Mortars 1 113-127 +Miscellaneous Operations 1 128-131 +Equipment of boats 2 3-9 +Fixtures in boats for boat-guns 2 6-9 +Exercise and Manoeuvre for boat-howitzers 2 10-18 +Exercise with howitzer on field-carriage 2 19, 20 +Remarks on the use of Naval Light Artillery 2 21, 22 +Notes on the use of boat-howitzers 2 22-24 +Manoeuvres of boats armed for service 2 24 +Landing seamen, marines, and howitzers 2 25-27 +Ordnance and Ordnance Stores 3 3-80 +Inspection and Proof of Naval guns 3 8-17 +Use of the Inspecting Instruments 3 18-21 +Powder-Proof 3 22 +Water-Proof 3 23 +Marking guns 3 23 +Extreme proof of trial guns 3 24-26 +Preparation of guns for service 3 27-29 +Preservation of guns 3 30-32 +Examination of guns 3 33-35 +Inspection of shot and shells 3 36-38 +Shot and shell gauges 3 39, 40 +Piling of balls 3 41, 42 +Preservation of shot and empty shells 3 43 +Preparation of shell for service 3 44-47 +Gunpowder 3 48-55 +Preservation and storage of powder 3 48-53 +Service-charges for naval guns 3 53, 54 +Boxes for small-arm ammunition 3 55, 56 +Cannon and Friction primers 3 56, 57 +Cartridge-bags 3 57-59 +Magazines and shell rooms 3 60-64 +Gun-carriages 3 65, 66 +Gun-gear 3 66, 67 +Griolet 3 68 +Directions for cleaning arms 3 80-82 +Paints and Lacquers 3 83-89 + + +APPENDIX. + +Directions as to using the allowance tables of crews A iii-v +Table I. Showing the number of hands for various + kinds of guns A vi +Table II. Allowance of Petty Officers for various + kinds of vessels A vii, viii +Table III. Allowance of Officers, when A ix +Table IV. Allowance of Marines, when A x +Graduation of sights and ranges, + of 32 pds.: of 27 or 33 cwt.: No. 1 B xi +Graduation of sights and ranges, + 32 pds.: of 42 or 57 cwt.: No. 2 B xii +Graduation of sights and ranges, + 8 in.: of 55 or 63 cwt.: No. 3 B xiii +Graduation of sights and ranges, + 9 and 11 in. shell guns, No. 4 B xiv +Approximate ranges of Shell guns No. 5 B xv +Approximate ranges of Shot guns and howitzers No. 6 B xvi +Approximate ranges of Rifle guns No. 7 B xvii +Table for finding the distance of an object + at sea No. 8 B xviii +Form of Report of Target Practice with + great guns No. 9. B xx, xxi +Form of Report of Target Practice with + small arms No. 9. B xxii +Directions as to preparing Reports of Target + Practice No. 10 B xxiii +Form of Reports of Inspection No. 1 C xxiv-xxvi +Questions to be embraced in Reports of Target + Practice No. 2 C xxvii +Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments + and Stores D xxviii-li + + + + + PART I. + + RELATING TO THE + + PREPARATION OF VESSELS OF WAR FOR BATTLE. + + BUREAU OF ORDNANCE, } + NAVY DEPARTMENT. January 1st, 1866. } + + SIR:-- + + The Ordnance Instructions for the Navy having been again + carefully revised, and such additions and corrections made + as the new armaments of vessels of the Navy rendered + necessary, they are approved by the Bureau, and I have the + honor to submit them for the adoption of the Navy + Department. + + I am, Sir, with high respect, + Your obedient servant, + H.A. WISE, U.S.N., + _Chief of Bureau._ + + * * * * * + + NAVY DEPARTMENT, } + WASHINGTON, January 1st, 1866. } + + SIR:-- + + The revised Ordnance Instructions for the Navy, submitted + with your letter of this date, are hereby approved and + adopted by the Department, and all officers of the Navy will + strictly observe and enforce them. + + Very respectfully, + GIDEON WELLES, + _Secretary of the Navy._ + + Commander H.A. WISE, U.S.N. + _Chief of Bureau of Ordnance._ + + + + +CHAPTER I. + +GENERAL DUTIES OF OFFICERS + +IN RELATION TO ORDNANCE AND GUNNERY, AND TO MILITARY EQUIPMENTS AND +EXERCISES. + + +CAPTAIN. + +1. THE CAPTAIN OR COMMANDING OFFICER will be careful to require that +all the Ordnance Instructions are strictly enforced on board the +vessel under his command; and although particular duties are assigned, +and various instructions given to the other officers of the vessel, +yet he is to see that the duties are performed, and the instructions +obeyed, by the officers to whom they are respectively addressed. + +2. As soon as the crew is received on board the vessel, he shall cause +a fire-bill to be prepared, the crew shown their stations, and see +that they are duly stationed at quarters for battle (_See_ Articles 78 +to 103), and exercised at general quarters, and by divisions, +particularly the powder division (_See_ Articles 180 to 201), until +each officer and man is thoroughly instructed in his duties; after +which the exercises are to be frequent during the cruise. Exercises +which are short and spirited are preferable to those which are long +and fatiguing. Distinctions and indulgences to those who excel are +recommended. + +When the men have become well acquainted with their duties at the +guns, and in passing powder, or when the general duties of the ship +are unusually fatiguing, the divisional exercises may be confined to +those belonging to one watch. It is directed that, unless bad weather +prevent, Monday of each week be set apart for general quarters. + +3. He will, at least once in two months for the first year of the +cruise, and once in three months for the remainder thereof, assemble +the crew at quarters in the night, without any previous intimation of +his intention to do so, and have a general exercise. He will inspect +the ship throughout, and cause an entry to be made in the log-book of +the length of time required between the beginning of the call to +quarters and the complete preparation for commencing action; also, +when every gun is ready for a second fire. + +4. In order to ascertain whether the equipments are complete and their +uses understood, as soon after the ship has been commissioned as +circumstances will permit, he will cause at least one round to be +fired, with shot or shell, according to the nature of the gun; and, +when practicable, at targets at known distances and with the +appropriate service charges. (_See_ TABLES OF RANGES, Appendix.) + +5. He will immediately endeavor to discover whether defects or +deficiencies in the armament or equipment exist, and, if any be found, +will remedy them as far as in his power consistently with +instructions, representing them to the Commandant of the yard of +outfit, if near it; and, if important, to the Chief of the Bureau of +Ordnance. + +6. On the representation of the Gunner that the Ordnance Stores are +injured or liable to injury, he will order the survey called for by +Article 49. + +7. He will, in each quarter of the first year of the cruise, expend in +target-practice six rounds, and in each succeeding quarter-year six +broadsides, making the report required by Art. 14. + +He will not, however, either for this purpose or for saluting, reduce +his supply of ammunition below 100 broadsides. + +8. In order to accustom the men to the use of loaded shells, they are +frequently to be used in preference to shot. For this purpose, +however, empty shells, or those that are "bouched" only, will be +carefully fitted, filled, and fused on board, in season, according to +the directions (Chap. I. Part III.), and first expended. + +They should be fitted only as required to replace those expended; a +principal object in supplying a certain number of shells to be fitted +on board ships, is to disseminate information on this subject. + +9. The relative proportions of "distant," "ordinary," and +"near-firing" charges are to be preserved (_See_ TABLE OF CHARGES, +Part III.) as nearly as practicable, and after action or exercise, +deficiencies caused by the expenditure of any particular kind of +charge will be made up, without unnecessary delay, from the others on +hand. + +10. The allowances for target-practice are not to be expended in one +or two exercises, but are to be divided in such proportions as to +allow target-practice once a fortnight, or at least once a month, when +practicable; and at least three-fourths of the charges allowed shall +be expended in practice at sea, when it can be conveniently done, +opportunities being chosen for that purpose under all the +circumstances of wind and weather in which vessels of war are liable +to engage in battle. + +11. When in port, and circumstances will admit, such places are to be +selected for practice as are favorable for the recovery of the +projectiles; when the effect of the bursting charge is not important, +a blowing charge may be used in shells, to test the efficiency of the +fuze without destroying the shell. + +In practice the service charges for which the sights are marked are +alone to be employed. + +Distances within half a mile are preferable for solid shot, as best +showing the result. Targets of ten feet high by twenty long will +afford the means of general comparison, especially with the practice +at the experimental battery at Washington. For shells, the distances +should suit the ranges of their fuzes, or time of burning, that the +degree of certainty of explosion in direct or ricochet fire may be +seen and noted. + +12. The whole crew is to be exercised in the use of the musket, +carbine, pistol, and sword, and in firing at a target with small arms, +by suitable persons, each division under the superintendence of its +respective commanding officer. The company and the battalion drill is +recommended as often as convenient opportunities of exercise present +themselves. + +13. He will cause the boats' crews to be exercised in all the +preparations for attacking an enemy, either by land or water, and in +the use of "boat and field howitzers," and small arms, under all the +various circumstances likely to arise in such service, and +particularly in embarking and disembarking the "boat and field" guns +and ammunition. (_See_ Part II.) + +14. At the expiration of each quarter he will cause to be prepared, +and forward, by the earliest favorable opportunity, to the Bureau of +Ordnance, a report of all firing, with or without projectiles, +according to the detail given in form C. Appendix; also the Quarterly +return of receipts and expenditures in the Ordnance Department. + +15. He will, once in every quarter, cause a thorough examination to be +made into the condition of the armament, shot and shells; and will see +that care is taken to keep the shot and shell lockers dry; that the +shot and shells stowed therein are clean and free from rust, and, +also, that the diameter of shot kept on deck is not increased above +the high gauge by injudicious lacquering or painting, and report to +the Bureau of Ordnance that this has been done. + +16. He is to take care that especial attention is paid to the fuzes, +whether spare or in the shells; and if there be reason to suspect +injury from dampness or any other cause, he will have one or more +fuzes burned for trial. + +17. He will not permit shells to be filled, or their fuzes to be +shifted or shortened, without his order; and whenever these operations +are to be performed, he will see that a suitable and properly secured +place, not in the shell-room, and as far from the magazine as +convenient, is selected for the purpose. On such occasions the fires +and lights are to be extinguished, and also the further precautions +are to be observed, as to the manner of performing the work, contained +in the directions for filling and emptying shells. (_See_ Chap. I., +Part III.) + +18. He is not to dismount, strike below, or otherwise render unfit for +immediate use, any of the guns on board the ship he commands, except +imperative necessity should require it for the safety of the vessel. +The particular circumstances of such necessity are to be immediately +entered at large in the log, and information is to be given to the +Commander of the squadron, and to the Secretary of the Navy. + +When guns are to be struck below, or when shipped for transportation, +he shall cause all the precautions to be taken to guard them from +injury, prescribed in Article 46 of these instructions, and such +others as circumstances require. + +19. He is prohibited from giving away the arms of any description +belonging to the vessel under his command. + +20. He will keep the keys of the magazines and shell-rooms, and of the +receptacles for percussion caps and primers, and of the cocks for +flooding magazines and shell-rooms, in the cabin, where they may be +obtained by the Executive Officer in case they should be wanted when +the Captain is absent from the vessel; and they are only to be +delivered to the Executive Officer, or the Officer of the Powder +Division. + +21. Before entering any friendly port, he will cause every gun to be +drawn and reloaded with cartridge, if necessary to salute. + +22. He will not permit friction-matches to be on board under any +circumstances, and before sailing will notify all persons of this +regulation, and institute a search to see that it has been complied +with. + + +EXECUTIVE OFFICER. + +23. The Executive Officer will, under the orders and direction of the +Captain, ascertain that all the ordnance stores and equipments ordered +or allowed for the vessel are received on board in good order; that +they are properly distributed and stowed; that they are only used or +expended according to directions from proper authority, and that they +are duly accounted for, according to the directions and forms which +are or may be prescribed by the Bureau of Ordnance. In small vessels +which have no Gunner, he shall receipt for and be accountable for all +ordnance stores, making all the returns which the Gunner is herein +directed to prepare. + +24. He will be particularly attentive to the state of the batteries, +small arms, magazines, shell-rooms, and shot-lockers; to the passages +leading to and scuttles connected with them; and take care that they +are kept clear and ready for action. + +25. He will cause convenient places to be assigned for the stowage of +spare articles which may be required in action, and see that shot for +at least twenty broadsides for shot-guns, and one shell for each +shell-gun, are always in readiness upon the respective decks. + +26. When salutes are to be fired he is personally to examine, or to +direct one of the Officers Commanding a Division to examine, ascertain +and report that the necessary preparations are made and precautions +taken to avoid accidents. The guns, if loaded, are to be drawn, +wormed, sponged and reloaded. They are, nevertheless, to be so laid as +to prevent the possibility of mischief, even in the contingency of a +shot or wad being left in any of them. Hard wads are not to be used in +firing salutes, nor are port-fires. The guns are to be fired either +with percussion or friction primers, as the Captain may prefer. These, +when in good order, are not apt to fail if the lock-string be properly +pulled; as, however, a slight deterioration may interfere with the +regularity of salutes, the precaution of dropping a few grains of +gunpowder into the vent will be found effectual. + +Guns of the lowest calibre and class, when sufficient in number, are +to be used for saluting; and no heavier than their "near-firing" +charge is to be used. (_See_ TABLE OF CHARGES, Part III.) Two boats' +howitzers will be found sufficient for saluting. "Saluting powder" to +be used in all guns for this purpose, in preference to "Service +powder." + +27. In large vessels he will cause a cot with a spare sacking-bottom, +or such other apparatus as may be approved by the Surgeon, to be +prepared and kept for the purpose of lowering the wounded to the orlop +or berth deck. + +28. Before the powder is received on board, he, with the Gunner, will +carefully inspect the magazines and shell-rooms, their passages and +light-rooms, and have them thoroughly cleaned, dried and aired, and +will see that the pipes and stop-cocks, and every thing connected with +flooding the magazines, are in order, and acquaint himself with their +position and mode of operation; the lighting apparatus cleaned and +dried; and particularly that the glasses for transmitting light into +the magazines and shell-rooms are clear and without fracture; that the +light burns clearly, and the box is well ventilated; and shall report +to the Ordnance Officer when the magazines are ready to receive the +ammunition. (_See_ Chap. II., Part III.) + + +OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF DIVISIONS. + +29. OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF DIVISIONS OF GUNS are required to make +themselves thoroughly conversant with every particular relating to the +equipment, exercise, and management of the guns, as set forth in these +instructions, and especially to familiarize themselves with the +charges prescribed and the ranges given in the Tables; the principles +and practice of pointing guns under all circumstances, and also with +every precaution connected with the use of shells, and of percussion +and time fuzes. + +30. They are carefully to inspect their divisions when called to +quarters for inspection or exercise, and see that every thing is, at +all times, in place and in order for service; and in case of +discovering any defect or deficiency, will report it to the Executive +Officer. + +31. They will be careful, when instructing the men at quarters, to +require a strict adherence to the prescribed mode of performing their +duties, and to all the details of execution, in order that general +uniformity and the efficiency dependent on it may be secured. When the +individuals of the guns' crews have become expert in the performance +of their particular duties, then each man shall be instructed by the +officer of his division, until he shall have become acquainted with +the special duties of every station at the gun. + +32. They are at least once a week to examine the guns and all the iron +work of the carriages, and see that they are kept free from rust, and +especially the eccentric axles, elevating screws, and pivot-bolts, +which must be protected by a mixture of tallow and white-lead, or +other similar coating. The cap-squares must be frequently removed, the +guns lifted and the trunnions cleaned; the elevating screws oiled, but +never cleaned with brick or emery paper. + +Once a quarter at least, all the connecting bolts, such as cap-square, +bracket, breast, and transom bolts, are to be examined and tightened +if they require it. To do this it is necessary, after lifting the gun, +to turn the carriage bottom up. The threads of the screws of the bolts +above named must be coated with the lacquer for small arms. + +33. THE OFFICER OF THE POWDER DIVISION will, in like manner, carefully +instruct and drill his men, and test the efficiency of the +arrangements for passing powder, shot, and shell, in order to insure a +sufficient supply of each to all parts of the batteries, without the +danger of misdirection or of accumulations in any part thereof. To +this end blocks of proper shapes and colors may be provided in the +appropriate tanks of the magazines, and passed up instead of powder, +when that is not used. These are to be counted and reported by the +Officers of the Gun Divisions, and will enable the Executive Officer, +and the Officer of the Powder Division, to detect and remedy defects +or deficiencies in the system or its details, and to be sure that the +men are properly stationed and instructed. + + +MASTER. + +34. The MASTER will see that the number of fighting-stoppers, whips +for preventer-stays, preventer-braces, slings for yards and gaffs, +relieving-tackles, and other articles in his division which are +directed, are all fitted and ready for use in action. At general +quarters his division must be regularly drilled in fishing masts and +spars, stoppering and knotting rigging, and trimming sails. + + +CHIEF ENGINEER. + +35. The CHIEF ENGINEER will ascertain that all the tools and +implements necessary for the prompt and effectual repair of injuries +which the engine and its dependencies may receive in action, are +received on board and placed at hand. + + +GUNNER. + +36. He shall attend personally at the ordnance store where his stores +shall be delivered to him, the Ordnance Officer furnishing him with +means of transportation and men for stowing them in their appointed +places on board ship, when the crew is not available for this purpose. +He is to be especially careful that the equipments and stores +belonging to the magazine are arranged therein in conformity to +Ordnance Instructions. (_See_ Chap. I., Part III. for further +directions relative to his duties and responsibilities.) + +37. The powder-tanks containing charges for each class of guns are to +be stowed on their sides, with the lids next the alleys and hinges +down, near the magazine scuttles through which these charges are to be +delivered; the charges for "ordinary firing" nearest the scuttle. When +tanks are emptied they are to be stowed on the upper shelves in order +that the powder may be kept, as much as possible, below the water +line. + +38. In time of war, passing-boxes are to have charges for "ordinary +firing" kept in them ready for passing up at once. + +39. In future white will be used for all cylinders, the calibre and +weight distinctly stencilled on each bag. In case of a deficiency of +white cartridge cloth, the different charges for all classes of guns +may be distinguished by the color of the cartridge-bags; white being +used for distant firing, blue for "ordinary" firing, and red for +"near" firing. + +The lid ends of the powder-tanks for service charges are to be painted +of the same colors as the cartridge-bags which they contain, and must +be distinctly marked with the calibre and weight of the gun for which +the cartridges are intended. Tanks for musket-powder must be marked +MUSKET-POWDER; and this powder may be put up in either of the kind of +charges allowed which will make the best stowage, the bags properly +stencilled. + +Tanks containing saluting powder are to be marked "SALUTING." It is to +be kept in bags, stencilled "saluting." + +40. No loose powder is ever to be taken or carried on board ship, and +all, whether public or private belonging to officers, must be safely +stowed in the magazines. + +41. All metallic cartridges for small arms, percussion caps, and +percussion or friction primers, or other articles containing +fulminating matter, must be kept in boxes prepared for the purpose, +and the boxes must be stowed separately from other articles, in a dry, +secure, and safe place, under lock and key, and are on no account to +be put in the magazine. It is recommended that they be distributed in +two or three places, a portion conveniently at hand. + +42. The fireworks, after carefully removing all fulminating matter, +such as caps or primers, if any such be used to ignite them, are to be +stowed in their proper packing-boxes in other light boxes of suitable +length, made water-tight, with lock and key, and to fit between the +beams and carlines of the gun decks of frigates and berth decks of +single-decked vessels. Those for instant use must be placed near the +after hatch, and the remainder abaft that position, if possible, so as +to be constantly under the care of the sentinel at the cabin doors. In +no case, however, are they to be placed over any standing light or +lantern on any deck. + +43. All ammunition packing-boxes, shell-bags, and metal cases are to +be preserved, and returned into store at the end of the cruise. + +44. No coopering is ever to be done in the magazines of ships. Should +powder be received on board in barrels, the hoops and heads must be +started on the orlop or berth deck before entering the magazine. + +45. In stowing shell-rooms, filled shells are to be stowed together in +boxes or bags; those having fuzes of different times of burning, and +each kind of fuze, will be placed in tiers or ranges distinctly +separate. (_See_ Article ON FUZES, C. IV.) Empty shells are to be +stowed by themselves, unsabotted, in bulk, in a dry place. + +46. Whenever guns are to be struck below, or prepared for +transportation, the gunner will see that the bores are washed with +fresh water, carefully sponged, thoroughly dried, and coated with +melted tallow, and a wad dipped in the same material inserted, and +connected with a tompion by a lanyard. He is to see that the tompion +is put in securely, and the vent and all screw-holes stopped by a plug +of soft wood, and puttied over. + +47. He is to examine and report daily, before 10 A.M. and 8 P.M., +whether the guns and all their equipments; the whips for supplying +shot and shells; the arm-chests, armory, and small arms; the supply +and reserve division boxes, and other articles furnished as ordnance +and ordnance stores, are in good order and in place, and make +immediate report to the Commanding or Executive Officer of any defects +or deficiencies which he may discover at any other time. + +48. The guns and their equipments are to be kept as dry as possible, +and no salt water used in cleaning them. + +49. If he shall discover any articles to be injured, or liable to +injury from any cause, he will ask, in writing, for a survey to be +held, to determine the amount, cause, or liability of any of the +stores or equipments to damage or deterioration; a copy of this +request and report of survey to be furnished to him as a voucher, by +the officer ordering the survey. + +50. Whenever the magazines or shell-rooms are opened, he is to take +every precaution to guard against accident by fire; to examine +particularly that all the men stationed in any way in or about the +magazine, embracing all stationed within the magazine screen, put on +the magazine dress and shoes, and on no account have any thing +metallic about them, and that no improper articles are introduced. He +will also see that all the articles required for sweeping and removing +loose powder are at hand, and that those operations are performed +before the magazine is closed. + +51. The tanks are never to be opened unless by special order, or when +powder is actually required for service; and then no more of the lids +are to be unscrewed than is necessary for immediate supply. The +strictest attention to this regulation is required of the Gunner, as +experience has proved that the preservation of the powder in good +condition depends upon the entire exclusion of damp air. + +52. When the guns are ordered to be drawn before entering a friendly +port, the Gunner is to be particularly attentive to assure himself +that no shot or wad is left in any gun. + +53. In saluting, he is to guard against accident in loading, pointing, +and firing, and to be particularly careful in reloading, where that +operation is unavoidable. + +54. In the absence or illness of the Gunner, his general duties will +devolve on a Gunner's Mate, under the supervision of the Executive +Officer. + +55. The Gunner shall keep a minute-book of all expenditures in the +Ordnance Department, and on Monday of each week shall submit it to the +Executive Officer for examination and approval. Within ten days after +the expiration of the quarter, he shall make out his quarterly return +in the required form, which shall be signed by him, certified correct +by the Executive Officer, approved by the Commander, and forwarded to +the Bureau by the first opportunity. At the same time the ledger shall +be posted. + +56. When a vessel returns from a cruise to be refitted or repaired, or +placed in ordinary, the Gunner, or person performing the duty of +Gunner, is not to leave the ship, unless specially authorized by the +Secretary of the Navy, until all the guns, powder, small arms, +ammunition, and other articles under his charge, shall have been +examined and surveyed, and turned over to his successor, or other +person appointed to receive them, or to the Inspector of Ordnance, the +receipt for which he shall show to the officer to whom he applies for +leave. + + +CARPENTER. + +57. The CARPENTER shall ascertain and report to the Executive Officer +that there are a sufficient number of tarpaulins to cover all the +hatches leading to the fore and after orlops; that the pump-gear of +every description is ready and in order for rigging the pumps, and +that every preparation can be promptly made before going into action +to free the ship, in case of receiving injuries below the water-line. + +58. He is also to examine and keep in order the force and channel +pumps, the fire-engine, the division-tubs, and, in short, all the +apparatus necessary to give a good and speedy supply of water in case +of fire in action. + +59. He is specially charged with the care and distribution of articles +for stopping shot-holes or repairing other injuries to the hull, which +may be received in action, viz.: shot-plugs and mauls; pieces of pine +board from eighteen inches to three feet long, and from twelve to +fifteen inches wide, covered with felt or fearnaught, previously +coated with tar or white lead; patches of sheet-lead, all with +nail-holes punched; and trouser-slings for lowering men outside the +vessel, to be provided with a pouch or pocket, to contain a hammer and +nails. Tarred canvas or oakum should be prepared to shove into the +shot-holes before the patches of board or lead are nailed on. Although +shot-plugs are still to be allowed, the means just described are most +to be relied on. + +60. In case it shall not have already been done, the Carpenter, under +the direction of the Commander or Executive Officer of the ship, will +draw a black line, two inches broad, on the ceiling of the ship, to +correspond with the ordinary height of the water-line. On this is to +be marked, by corresponding intervals and numbers, the position of the +ports on the lowest of the gun-decks. By this arrangement the position +of the shot-hole can be easily ascertained and communicated, through +the Officer Commanding the Powder Division, and a remedy promptly +applied. To this end he is to pay habitual attention to keeping the +wings clear to four feet below the water-line, and report any +obstructions to the Executive Officer. + + +YEOMAN. + +61. The YEOMAN is to charge himself with, and is to be accountable +for, all articles of ordnance stores which may be placed in the +storeroom under his charge, and is not to issue or expend any article, +except by order of, or authority from, the Captain or Executive +Officer. + +62. On the return of a ship, to be laid up at a yard, or to be +refitted or repaired, the Yeoman will be retained to deliver the +ordnance stores in his charge into the hands of the Ordnance Officer. +If any deficiency in the stores under his charge be discovered, or +they are in bad order, the Ordnance Officer will report the same to +the Commandant of the yard, who will order a survey, to ascertain the +nature and extent of the deficiency, or injury, and whether either +were caused by the Yeoman's negligence or fault. If the surveying +officers shall find just cause for suspecting fraud or negligence, the +Commandant shall suspend the payment and discharge of the Yeoman, +until he shall report the case to the Bureau and receive the orders of +the Department. + +63. No person is to be knowingly appointed Yeoman who has already +served in that capacity in any vessel of war of the United States, who +cannot produce a satisfactory certificate of his former good conduct +as Yeoman. + + + + +CHAPTER II. + +GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF OFFICERS AND MEN AT QUARTERS. + + +64. The following directions for the general distribution of a ship's +company at quarters, or for action, are intended to secure, upon the +most important points, a degree of uniformity which will promote +efficiency, and at the same time leave to the Captains the selection +and arrangement of many individuals under their command, according to +their own views of the particular qualifications of each. + +65. The CAPTAIN'S station, in action, is upon the quarter-deck. + +66. The Executive Officer, the Midshipmen acting as Aides to the +Captain, and the Signal Officer, are also to be stationed on the +quarter-deck. + +67. The stations of the other Officers are to be regulated by +divisions, as follows: + +The guns upon each deck are to be numbered from forward, beginning +with No. 1, and continuing aft, in succession, each gun and its +opposite being designated by the same number, excepting pivot and +shifting guns, each of which is to have a separate number. The guns on +each deck are then to be divided as equally as possible into three or +two divisions, according to the number of Lieutenants or other Watch +Officers on board, so that each division of guns, and the persons +belonging to it, may be commanded by a Lieutenant or other Watch +Officer. These divisions are to be numbered consecutively, designating +the forward division on the lowest gun-deck as the first division, and +passing from the after division of one deck to the forward division of +the next deck above it. + +68. The command of these divisions of guns is to be assigned, in the +order of their numbers, to the Lieutenants or other Watch Officers, +according to their rank, assigning the first division to the officer +next in rank to the Executive Officer. In case of a deficiency of +Watch Officers, the quarter-deck division may be assigned to an Ensign +or Midshipman, who will act under the general supervision of the +Executive Officer. When the number of officers on board of vessels +having pivot-guns will permit, each pivot-gun will be placed under the +special charge of a suitable officer of the division of which it forms +a part. + + +MASTER'S DIVISION. + +69. This division will comprise all those stationed in the tops, and +those appointed to attend to the rigging, sails, steerage, and +signals. The Master is to be stationed on the quarter-deck, and to be +assisted by the Boatswain, whose station will be on the forecastle. +The Boatswain will be charged with all his divisional duties in the +event of his death or absence. (For ARMS, _see_ Table in Article 101.) + + +POWDER DIVISION. + +70. This division will be under the direction either of a Lieutenant, +Master, Ensign, or competent Midshipman. It will consist of all those +stationed below the gun-decks, except persons belonging to the +Surgeon's Division and the Paymaster and his Clerk. + +The Gunner is to be stationed in the main magazine, and a Gunner's +Mate or Quarter Gunner in the other magazine when there are two; and +those persons of this division who may be stationed in the magazines +and passages are to be under the immediate direction of the Gunner and +his Mate, respectively. Those of the Carpenter's crew stationed in the +hold or wings are to be under the immediate direction of the +Carpenter's Mate, who will be stationed with them. All reports, +however, are to be made through the Commanding Officer of the +division. + + +DIVISION OF MARINES. + +71. All the Marines who may not be distributed to other divisions for +action are to compose a Division of Marines, to be under the immediate +command of the Senior Officer of Marines on board. He will form his +division on such part or parts of the spar or upper deck as the +Captain may direct. + + +SURGEON'S DIVISION. + +72. The SURGEON or senior Medical Officer will have the direction of +this division, which shall comprise all the Medical Officers and such +other persons as may be designated by the Captain to assist in the +care of the wounded in action. This division will occupy the cockpit, +or such other convenient place as the Captain of the vessel may +direct. + + +THE CHAPLAIN. + +73. The CHAPLAIN will be in attendance to perform the duties of his +sacred office, and to render such other service as may be in his +power. + + +PAYMASTER. + +74. The PAYMASTER'S station will be in the ward-room and on the +berth-deck, in charge of the money, books and stores belonging to his +Department. + + +ENGINEER DIVISION. + +75. The Engineer Division shall be under the direction of the Chief +Engineer, and shall comprise the Assistant Engineers and such of the +Firemen and Coalheavers as may be detailed for the purpose. An +Assistant will be appointed to take charge of the fire party detailed +from this Division. + + +MISCELLANEOUS OFFICERS. + +76. Ensigns, Midshipmen, Mates, Captain's and other Clerks, the +Sailmaker, and other officers not enumerated, are to be assigned to +the different divisions at the discretion of the Captain. + +77. In distributing the Petty Officers, Seamen, and others to the guns +and other stations in the several divisions, it is desirable, as a +general rule, that those stationed at the same gun or near each other +at quarters, should be drawn from different stations for working ship; +so that a great loss at any one gun may not fall too heavily on any +watch station. + +Exceptions to this general rule may be advantageously made where the +duties of men require their habitual attendance on particular decks. +In such cases it will generally be advisable to station them at +quarters near to the places of their ordinary duties. + + +DISTRIBUTION OF THE CREW. + +78. Table showing the number of men for the service of each kind and +class of gun in use in the Navy, assuming the vessel to have the +established complement. + +PIVOT GUNS: +XI-inch of 16,000 lbs., X-inch of 10,000 lbs. 24 +X-inch of 12,000 lbs., 64-pdr. of 106 cwt. 20 +IX-inch of 9,000 lbs., 100-pdr. rifle. 16 +60-pdr. rifle. 10 +30-pdr. rifle. 8 +20-pdr. rifle. 6 + +BROADSIDE GUNS: +IX-inch of 9,000 lbs., 100-pdr. rifle. 16 +8-inch of 68 cwt. 14 +8-inch of 6,500 lbs., 8-inch of 56 cwt. 12 +32-pdr. of 57 cwt. 12 +32-pdr. of 4,500 lbs., 32-pdr. of 42 cwt., 60-pdr. rifle. 10 +32-pdr. of 33 cwt., 30-pdr. rifle. 8 +32-pdr. of 27 cwt., 20-pdr. rifle. 6 + +To the XI, X, and IX-inch 100-pounder rifle, and 64-pounder pivot +guns, a Powderman, and to all other guns a Powder-boy is to be added. + +The number of men to form crews of guns mounted on carriages of +special character, is to be regulated as may be found most +advantageous by the Commanding Officer. + +79. In designating the Petty Officers and others for particular +stations, it is assumed that the intelligence, skill, and force of the +men have been equally divided between the two watches, and that the +men in the starboard watch have all odd numbers, as 1, 3, 5, and those +of the port watch even numbers, as 2, 4, 6. + +To preserve this equality, and to secure the ability of those who may +be upon deck to prepare the ship for action at night, whilst the watch +below are bringing up and stowing the hammocks, all the odd-numbered +guns will be entirely manned by men belonging to the starboard watch, +and all the even-numbered guns by those belonging to the port watch, +as far as practicable. The crews of pivot-guns to be taken half from +each watch. + +80. Where ports on opposite sides of the same deck are numbered the +same, and are both provided with a gun, guns' crews are only to be +furnished for the guns on one side. Pivot and shifting guns are each +to have full guns' crews. + +81. When the complements allowed to vessels of the Navy will permit, +it is recommended as a general arrangement that the guns' crews be +formed of about one-third Petty Officers and Seamen, one-third +Ordinary Seamen, and one-third Landsmen and Boys, and that this system +be observed as nearly as practicable. + +82. At least one Quarter Gunner should be stationed at each division +of guns; and a Gunner's Mate or Quarter Gunner in the smaller +magazine, and in each shell-room. + +If there be more shell-rooms than there are disposable Quarter Gunners +to attend them, other careful and suitable persons are to be selected +to supply the deficiency. + +83. Before permanently assigning the individuals which form a gun's +crew, to the performance of particular duties connected with its +service in action, it is important to ascertain their respective +qualifications, as far as may be practicable, by questioning them or +by exercising them at the guns. + +84. The Captains, especially, should be selected from those in whose +skill, coolness, and judgment the greatest reliance can be placed, +without regard to their ratings, though at the same time care should +be taken to avoid stationing men of a higher rating than the Captains +of the guns, to perform subordinate duties at the same guns. They +should be examined by the Surgeon with reference to eyesight. + +Spongers and Loaders rank next in importance, and, with activity and +coolness, should possess the necessary physical strength and stature. +For Handspikemen, weight is important, in addition to strength and +coolness. + +85. Very careful men should be selected for attending the +Powder-scuttles on the different decks, as well to prevent noise and +contention among the Powder-boys as to guard against accidents, and +speedily to repair such as may occur. The boys should be trained to +fall into line, to insure an equal distribution of powder. + +86. Unless some special reason should require a different arrangement +with regard to Boarders, Pikemen, Firemen, Sail-trimmers, and Pumpmen, +the following will be observed: + + +BOARDERS. + +87. Half the men composing a gun's crew, excluding the Powderman or +Boy, are to be Boarders. When this rule gives an odd number of men, +the odd one is to be a Second Boarder. + +88. The Boarders are to constitute two divisions, called First and +Second Boarders. + +89. First Boarders are, generally, to be taken from the second part of +a gun's crew; and Second Boarders from the first part. + +90. All Petty Officers on the spar-deck, except the Quartermaster at +the conn and the Quartermaster at the wheel, are to be First +Boarders.--(For ARMS OF BOARDERS, _see_ Table, Article 101.) + +The Executive Officer leads the Boarders. All the Division Officers on +the spar-deck shall be First Boarders, except the officer commanding +the quarter-deck division, who shall lead the Pikemen. On gun-decks +the officer commanding the second division shall be a First Boarder; +the commanding officers of the other divisions shall be Second +Boarders. If there are two officers in any division, the second shall +lead those Boarders who do not go with his principal. A Lieutenant or +other responsible officer should be detailed to command the gun-deck +in the absence of the boarders and pikemen. + + +PIKEMEN. + +91. One-fourth of the number of men composing a gun's crew, rejecting +fractions, and excepting the Powderman or Boy, and all the men of the +Master's division on the spar-deck, except those designated as +Boarders and those at the wheel and conn, are to be Pikemen, and +compose but one division. + +92. For each Pikeman at a gun there is to be a musket or carbine +provided, which in action, when not in use, is to be kept with the +bayonet unfixed, hooked securely against a carline or beam near the +gun; or on a spar-deck placed conveniently at hand. When they are +called away they will repair on deck with these arms, when, if +ordered, they will place them in a secure place, to be designated by +the Executive Officer, and arm themselves with pikes. Pikemen will +wear a cartridge-box whenever at general quarters or in action. + +Pikemen of the spar-deck divisions will, on being called away, arm +themselves as directed. + +Should it become necessary, in an emergency, to call "all hands" from +below to repel an enemy, the Pikemen will, if not already so armed, +arm themselves with muskets or carbines, leaving their pikes to be +used by those whose arms are not designated--that is, by the remainder +of the gun's crew and Powder Division. + +93. One boarding-pike for each gun on covered decks is always to be +kept triced up conveniently near it, and this is to be used by the +Powderman, or any other person left at the gun to guard the port. + +94. Pikemen are to be covered by the Marines with their bayonets +fixed. + + +FIREMEN. + +95. With broadside guns, one Fireman is to be taken from each gun's +crew, and from pivot-guns two. Each Fireman is to have a fire-bucket +at hand near his gun, and to wear his battle-axe in a belt around his +waist. + + +SAIL-TRIMMERS. + +98. In all vessels there shall be two divisions of Sail-trimmers, +composed of all the men at the spar-deck guns, except 1st Captains, +1st Spongers, 1st Loaders, and Powder-boys. The 1st Sail-trimmers are +to be taken from the guns on the forward half, and the 2d +Sail-trimmers from those on the after half of the spar-deck. + +97. In vessels carrying guns on more than one deck there are to be +three divisions of Sail-trimmers, called 1st, 2d, and 3d +Sail-trimmers, and the third division is to be made up of one man from +each gun's crew on the other deck or decks, as designated in the +tables.--(Article 101.) + +This third division of Sail-trimmers is to be regarded as a reserved +force, and is not to repair on deck at the general call for +Sail-trimmers, nor except when specially ordered. Besides serving to +re-enforce the other two divisions when absolutely necessary, it is +also to re-enforce either the Firemen or the Pumpmen in cases of need. + +98. The third division of Sail-trimmers, and all the Pikemen of the +guns' crews, and others armed with muskets (_See_ Tables, Article +101), may be made to assemble together as a body of Musketeers, either +for landing or otherwise. No one gun more than another will be +weakened by so doing; and this suggests the propriety of preferring +these men ordinarily for the crews of boats. + + +PUMPMEN. + +99. Each gun's crew composed of as many as 14 men is to furnish two, +but, when of less than 14 men, one Pumpman only. + +100. When Pumpmen are sufficiently numerous to admit of working the +pumps with one-half their force, they should compose two divisions, to +be called 1st and 2d Pumpmen. + + +DISTRIBUTION AND ARMS OF MEN AT THE GUNS. + +101. The annexed Tables show the stations of guns' crews at +pivot-guns, and at broadside-guns, when composed, respectively, of the +following numbers of men: 24, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6; how each man of +a gun's crew is to be armed, and the number of small arms of all kinds +required for each gun's crew. + +N.B.--To these Tables is annexed another, showing the small arms of +the Master's Division. + + +PIVOT-GUN'S CREW, _composed of_ 24 MEN _and a_ POWDERMAN. + +KEY: +A: SWORDS. +B: REVOLVERS. +C: PISTOLS. +D: PIKES. +E: MUSKETS. +F: BATTLE-AXES. + +------------------------+-----+--------------------------+-----------------+ + | | | ARMS. | + | | +-----------------+ + TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |GUN | TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |A |B |C |D |E |F | + ON LEFT SIDE OF GUN. |NOS. | ON RIGHT SIDE OF GUN. | | | | | | | +------------------------+-----+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ +1st Loader, 2 B. | 3| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | | 4|1st Sponger, 2 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +2d Loader, 1 B. | 5| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | | 6|2d Sponger, 1 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +1st Shellman and Pump. | 7| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | | 8|2d Shellman and Pump. | -| -| -| -| -| 1| +1st Front Lever., 2 B. | 9| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | |10|2d Front Lever., 1 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +1st Compressor. | | | | | | | | | | + and Pike. |13| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |14|2d Compressor. and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +1st Rear Lever. | | | | | | | | | | + and Pike. |11| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |12|2d Rear Lever. and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +Tr.-tkl., Deck-block, | | | | | | | | | | + 2 B. |17| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | |18|Tr.-tkl., Deck-block, 1 B.| 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Tr.-tkl., Side-block, | | | | | | | | | | + 2 B. |19| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | |20|Tr.-tkl., Side-block, 1 B.| 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +Shifting-tkl., Deck- | | | | | | | | | | + block, and Pikeman. |21| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |22|Shifting-tkl., Deck-block,| | | | | | | + | | | and Pikeman. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +Shifting-tkl., | | | | | | | | | | + Slide-block. |23| | | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| + | |24|Shifting-tkl., | | | | | | | + | | | Slide-block. | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| +1st Tr. Lev. and | | | | | | | | | | + Fireman. |15| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | |16|2d Tr. Lev. and Fireman. | -| -| -| -| -| 1| +1st Captain, 2 B. | 1| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | | 2|2d Captain, 1 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Powderman |25| | | -| -| -| -| -| -| +------------------------+-----+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + Total number of Arms |12| 7| 5| 6| 8| 6| +---------------------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + + +GUN'S CREW _composed of_ 16 MEN _and a_ POWDERMAN. + +KEY: +A: SWORDS. +B: REVOLVERS. +C: PISTOLS. +D: PIKES. +E: MUSKETS. +F: BATTLE-AXES. + +------------------------+-----+--------------------------+-----------------+ + | | | ARMS. | + | | +-----------------+ + TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |GUN | TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |A |B |C |D |E |F | + ON LEFT SIDE OF GUN. |NOS. | ON RIGHT SIDE OF GUN. | | | | | | | +------------------------+--+--+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + | | 4|1st Sponger, 2 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Loader, 2 B. | 3| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | | 6|2d Sponger, 1 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +2d Loader, 1 B. | 5| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | | 8|2d Shell. and 1st Pump. | -| -| -| -| -| 1| +1st Shellman, 2d Pump. | 7| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | |10|2d Handspike., 1 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +1st Handspikeman, 2 B. | 9| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | |14|2d Side-tackle. and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +1st Side-tackle. | | | | | | | | | | + and Pike. |13| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |16|2d Port-tackle. and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +1st Port-tackle. | | | | | | | | | | + and Pike. |15| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |12|2d Tr.-tack. and | | | | | | | + | | | Sail-trim. | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| +1st Train-tackle. | | | | | | | | | | + and Fire. |11| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | | 2|2d Captain, 1 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Captain, 2 B. | 1| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Powderman | | | | -| -| -| -| -| -| +------------------------+--+--+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ +Total number of Arms | 8| 4| 4| 4| 5| 4| +---------------------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + +N.B.--On other than lower decks, for Port-tacklemen substitute 3d and +4th Side-tacklemen. + + +GUN'S CREW _composed of_ 14 MEN _and a_ POWDER-BOY. + +KEY: +A: SWORDS. +B: REVOLVERS. +C: PISTOLS. +D: PIKES. +E: MUSKETS. +F: BATTLE-AXES. + +------------------------+-----+--------------------------+-----------------+ + | | | ARMS. | + | | +-----------------+ + TITLES OF GUN'S CREW | GUN | TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |A |B |C |D |E |F | + ON LEFT SIDE OF GUN. | NOS.| ON RIGHT SIDE OF GUN. | | | | | | | +------------------------+--+--+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + | | 4|1st Sponger, 2 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Loader, 2 B. | 3| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | | 6|2d Sponger, 1 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +2d Loader, 1 B. | 5| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | | 8|2d Shell. and 1st Pump. | -| -| -| -| -| 1| +1st Shell. and 2d Pump. | 7| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | |10|2d Handspike. and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +1st Handspike., 2 B. | 9| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | |14|2d Side-tackle. and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +1st Side-tackle. | | | | | | | | | | + and Pike. |13| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |12|2d Tr.-tack. and | | | | | | | + | | | Sail-trim. | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| +1st Train-tackle. | | | | | | | | | | + and Fire. |11| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | | 2|2d Captain, 1 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Captain, 2 B. | 1| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Powder-boy | | | | -| -| -| -| -| -| +------------------------+--+--+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ +Total number of Arms | 7| 4| 3| 3| 4| 4| +---------------------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + + +GUN'S CREW _composed of_ 12 MEN _and a_ POWDER-BOY. + +KEY: +A: SWORDS. +B: REVOLVERS. +C: PISTOLS. +D: PIKES. +E: MUSKETS. +F: BATTLE-AXES. + +------------------------+-----+--------------------------+-----------------+ + | | | ARMS. | + | | +-----------------+ + TITLES OF GUN'S CREW | GUN | TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |A |B |C |D |E |F | + ON LEFT SIDE OF GUN. | NOS.| ON RIGHT SIDE OF GUN. | | | | | | | +------------------------+--+--+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + | | 4|1st Sponger, 2 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +1st Loader, 2 B. | 3| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | | 6|2d Sponger, 1 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +2d Loader, 1 B. | 5| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | | 8|2d Shellman and Pump. | -| -| -| -| -| 1| +1st Shellman and Pike. | 7| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |10|2d Handspike. and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +1st Handspike. and Pike.| 9| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | |12|2d Tr.-tkl. and | | | | | | | + | | | Sail-trim. | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| +1st Train-tackle. | | | | | | | | | | + and Fire. |11| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | | 2|2d Captain, 1 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Captain, 2 B. | 1| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Powder-boy | | | | -| -| -| -| -| -| +------------------------+-----+--------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + Total number of Arms | 6| 3| 3| 3| 4| 3| +---------------------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + + +GUN'S CREW _composed of_ 10 MEN _and a_ POWDER-BOY. + +KEY: +A: SWORDS. +B: REVOLVERS. +C: PISTOLS. +D: PIKES. +E: MUSKETS. +F: BATTLE-AXES. + +--------------------------+-----+------------------------+-----------------+ + | | | ARMS. | + | | +-----------------+ + TITLES OF GUN'S CREW | GUN | TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |A |B |C |D |E |F | + ON LEFT SIDE OF GUN. | NOS.| ON RIGHT SIDE OF GUN. | | | | | | | +--------------------------+--+--+------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + | | 4|1st Sponger, 2 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +1st Loader, 2 B. | 3| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| + | | 6|2d Sponger, 1 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +2d Loader and Pike. | 5| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | | 8|2d Shellman and Pump | -| -| -| -| -| 1| +1st Shellman and Fire. | 7| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | |10|Train-tackle | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| +1st Handspike. and Pike. | 9| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | | 2|2d Captain, 1 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Captain, 2 B. | 1| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Powder-boy | | | | -| -| -| -| -| -| +--------------------------+--+--+------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + Total number of Arms | 5| 3| 2| 2| 3| 3| +---------------------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + + +GUN'S CREW _composed of_ 8 MEN _and a_ POWDER-BOY. + +KEY: +A: SWORDS. +B: REVOLVERS. +C: PISTOLS. +D: PIKES. +E: MUSKETS. +F: BATTLE-AXES. + +---------------------+-----+---------------------------+-----------------+ + | | | ARMS. | + | | +-----------------+ +TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |GUN | TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |A |B |C |D |E |F | +ON LEFT SIDE OF GUN. |NOS. | ON RIGHT SIDE OF GUN. | | | | | | | +---------------------+--+--+---------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + | | 4|1st Sponger, 2 B. | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| +1st Loader, 2 B. | 3| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | | 6|2d Sponger and Pike. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +2d Loader and | | | | | | | | | | + Pikeman. | 5| | | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| + | | 8|Tr.-tkl., Fireman. | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| +Shotman and Pumpman. | 7| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | | 2|2d Capt. and Handsp., 1 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Captain, 2 B. | 1| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Powder-boy | | | | -| -| -| -| -| -| +---------------------+--+--+---------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + Total number of Arms. | 4| 2| 2| 2| 3| 2| +-------------------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + + +GUN'S CREW _composed of_ 6 MEN _and a_ POWDER-BOY. + +KEY: +A: SWORDS. +B: REVOLVERS. +C: PISTOLS. +D: PIKES. +E: MUSKETS. +F: BATTLE-AXES. + +-----------------------+-----+---------------------------+-----------------+ + | | | ARMS. | + | | +-----------------+ + TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |GUN | TITLES OF GUN'S CREW |A |B |C |D |E |F | + ON LEFT SIDE OF GUN. |NOS. | ON RIGHT SIDE OF GUN. | | | | | | | +-----------------------+--+--+---------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + | | 4|1st Sponger and Pikeman. | -| -| -| 1| 1| -| +1st Loader, 2 B. | 3| | | 1| -| 1| -| -| -| + | | 6|2d Sponger, Fireman. | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| +2d Ldr., Shot., | | | | | | | | | | + and Pump. | 5| | | -| -| -| -| -| 1| + | | 2|2d Captain, and Handspike.,| | | | | | | + | | | Train-tackle., 1 B. | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +1st Captain, 2 B. | 1| | | 1| 1| -| -| -| -| +Powder-boy | | | | -| -| -| -| -| -| +-----------------------+--+--+---------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + Total number of Arms. | 3| 2| 1| 1| 2| 2| +---------------------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ + + +SMALL ARMS OF MASTER'S DIVISION. + +------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------ +STATIONS. |RATINGS. |ARMS. +------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------ +Conn |Quartermaster |Pistol and Sword. +Wheel |Quartermaster and Seamen | do. do. +Signals |Quartermaster | do. do. + do. |Boys |Pikes. +Relieving Tackles |Quartermaster and O.S. |Swords. +Main Braces |C.A.C. |Pistol and Sword. +Mastmen |B.M. |Pistol, sword, and Battle-axe. + do. |Seamen and O.S. |Pikes and Battle-axes. +Topmen | do. do. |Muskets +Forecastle |C.F. |Pistol and Sword. +Bell |S.C. | do. do. +------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------ + + [NOTE.--It is proposed to abandon the pike and all muzzle-loading + small arms for a breech-loading carbine and pistol, with one + uniform metallic cartridge for both. The revolver pistol does not + realize in service with seamen the advantages claimed for that + description of arm.] + +102. The Captain will designate the different hatchways which shall be +used by the Boarders and others from each gun when they are called +upon deck at quarters. Cutlasses should not be drawn nor bayonets +fixed until ordered, and, in moving from one part of the deck to +another, should be sheathed, to avoid accidents. + +103. The use of fire-arms in the tops being dangerous, and only +admissible under very peculiar circumstances, they are never to be +used there without the express direction of the Captain. + + + + +CHAPTER III. + +DUTIES AT QUARTERS, IN BATTLE OR EXERCISE. + + +CAPTAIN. + +104. The CAPTAIN, when at general quarters, either for exercise or in +action, is to superintend and take the general direction of every +thing connected with the management of the ship and the service of her +armament. + +105. He will from time to time carefully inspect the ship, in order, +before commencing a general exercise, to ascertain that all the +required and proper preparations have been made for battle. When time +and other circumstances will permit, he will always make this +inspection before going into action, and when prevented from making it +personally, he will direct it to be made by the Executive Officer. + +106. When engaged with an enemy at so great a distance as to require +the guns to be elevated, he will, if practicable, cause the distance +to be ascertained by observation, and, when that cannot be done, will +estimate the distance, and from time to time send directions to the +Officers of gun divisions for what distances the sights of their guns +should be set, and the nature of the projectile, and, if a shell be +used, the time of the fuze (_See_ Article 326), and also the +cartridges to be used, whether for "distant," "ordinary," or "near" +firing. + +107. He will determine and direct when two shot may be fired; when +"quick-firing" may be permitted; when small arms shall be distributed +and loaded; when Boarders shall be called up, and when they shall +assail an enemy. He will receive, through the Executive Officer, the +reports from all Officers commanding divisions. + + +EXECUTIVE OFFICER. + +108. The EXECUTIVE OFFICER, under the direction of the Captain, and +with the aid of the Master, will work the ship when in action or at +general quarters. He will receive the reports of the officers of the +different divisions and others, and communicate them to the Captain of +the ship. + + +SIGNAL OFFICER. + +109. The SIGNAL OFFICER is to see that every thing is prepared for +making and answering signals promptly, and will make all such as the +Captain may direct. He will provide himself with a watch, pencil, and +signal note-book properly ruled. + +110. He will note and report to the Captain all signals that are made +to or by other vessels of the squadron, or other vessels in sight, and +also note the time at which each signal was made. He will observe and +report any material change which may take place in the positions of +the vessels of the squadron, or of other vessels, and every event of +moment that may occur. + + +MASTER'S DIVISION. + +111. The MASTER will cause the persons in his division to sling the +yards and gaffs, to stopper the topsail sheets, to lead out the +preventer and other braces, and will see that they are clear, and +toggled, to prevent them from unreeving. + +112. He will have the fighting stoppers at hand in the chains and tops +for stoppering the rigging; hatchets and axes ready for clearing away +any casual encumbrances from the guns; axes and hatchets for this +purpose must be sharpened, covered with painted canvas, and labelled +"not for general use;" and will cause proper arrangements to be made +for applying and securing grapnels, if they should be required. + +113. He will see that the hammocks are compactly stowed, covered, and +stopped down, and will cause the boat and boom covers to be hauled +over and securely stopped down; the relieving tackles to be hooked and +ready for use; a compass to be placed to steer by; and see the spare +tiller at hand, the chronometer and other instruments put out of the +reach of shot, and relieved as much as possible from the jar of the +guns. + +114. In case the Captain should give orders for sending small arms and +ammunition into the tops, he will attend to having them sent there, +and will be watchful that they are not so used as to expose the sails +and rigging to danger from taking fire; and in order to furnish a +sufficient supply of water, in case of accident, he will have four +fire-buckets fitted for each top, with lanyards long enough to reach +the water from the yard-arms, and these should be filled with water in +preparing for action. + +115. On the probability of an engagement, when the ship is on +soundings, the Master will have the ground-tackling ready and clear; +boats ready for getting out, and every preparation made for towing, +warping, anchoring, and getting springs upon the cables; and have +leads and lines in the chains. If at anchor, he will have the boats +dropped astern, the oars secured to the thwarts, and, if directed, +have the plugs ready to be taken out that the boats may fill, and also +cause the spare spars to be put overboard. + +116. Whenever the cables are bent, they shall be kept stoppered until +wanted for use. + +117. In action, besides aiding the Executive Officer in working ship, +the Master is to pay special attention to the steerage of the vessel, +and to the rigging, sails, and spars, and will see that the stoppers +are properly applied, and damages repaired as speedily as possible. + +In vessels where there is no Signal Officer, the Master, in action or +general exercise, may be directed to perform the duties of Signal +Officer. + +118. The Boatswain being the assistant of the Master, is to see that +the rigging, especially forward, is kept clear, and that all damages +are promptly reported and repaired. In the absence of the Master, all +the above preparations will be at once made by the Boatswain, and +reported to the Executive Officer by him. + + +ENGINEER'S DIVISION. + +119. The CHIEF ENGINEER will see all proper preparations made for +repairing damages to the engine and its dependencies, and will have +the apparatus for extinguishing fire ready for immediate use. As soon +as these preparations are fully made, and his men mustered, he will +report his division ready to the Executive Officer. He will also +report such damages as may be received in action, and what assistance +is required to repair them, and he will have charge of the +preparations made for extinguishing fires below. + + +POWDER DIVISION. + +120. The Officer commanding this division, when called to quarters for +general exercise or action, will receive from the Captain the keys of +the magazines and shell-rooms, and of their respective water-cocks, +and will deliver them to the persons in charge, who are not to open +them without his special order. + +121. He will have the fire-screens let down, and the light-rooms and +the deck under his charge lighted. + +122. He will see that the shot and shell whips are in place and in +working order, and that shot-troughs are placed for conveying shot +where required; that the Gunner and his Mates at the magazine hatches +and scuttles, and the persons stationed at the shell-room scuttles, +are ready to open them when the order is given. + +123. That all the precautions mentioned in the duties of Gunner and +Carpenter have been taken against fire, namely: that the division-tubs +are filled with water, and that wet swabs are placed by them, and +under all the lower scuttles through which passing-boxes are returned; +that a fire-tub is placed at the bottom of each chute for the return +of empty boxes; that it is nearly filled with water, and has its wire +grating shipped; that a proper supply of fresh water is provided for +the use of the men; that the hatchways of the decks next above that on +which the Powder Division is stationed are properly covered; that the +air-ports are closed and secured; and that the hose is screwed to the +force-pumps and ready for use. + +124. He is to see that the means which are provided for lowering the +wounded are ready and properly fitted, and that the wounded, when +lowered down, are conveyed to the part of the vessel set apart for the +Surgeon's Division, by the persons detailed for that purpose. + +125. He will also see that all obstructions to the safe and rapid +passage of powder, shot, and shells are removed; and when every +preparation for action has been made in his division, will report it +ready to the Executive Officer. + +126. When the order is given from the Captain to open the magazines, +shell-rooms, and scuttles, he will direct the Gunner and Gunner's Mate +to repair to their respective scuttles, put on their magazine dresses +and shoes, divest themselves of every article of metal, and see that +the men stationed with them do the same; they are also to see that wet +swabs and cans of fresh water are provided. + +127. The magazines being opened, the lids of the tanks are not to be +unscrewed until orders are given to that effect. Then the Gunner and +his Mate, and their assistants in their respective magazines, will +open as many, and no more, tanks than are necessary to supply charges +of the kind ordered, which they will pass up to the men stationed on +the deck above to receive them. These men will be particularly careful +to observe the orders transmitted from time to time, designating the +kind of charges required at the guns. + +128. While at general quarters he will see that the men preserve their +proper stations in silence, order, and coolness; and he will give +particular attention to the sufficient and correct supply of powder +and projectiles to the various divisions, and take care that in time +of action, or of exercise with powder, the passing-boxes, after being +once taken out of the magazine, are not passed into it again, or even +inside of the screen, during the whole of such action or exercise. +These duties are of the highest importance. + +129. In exercise where no powder is used, he will see that such +substitutes for the various charges as the Captain may direct are +passed up in their proper boxes, so that the number of rounds and the +kind of charge, whether "distant," "ordinary," or "near," may be +ascertained, and compared with those ordered. Should any defect or +deficiency in the arrangement for giving a full supply to the guns be +discovered, it is to be reported immediately to the Captain, in order +that a remedy may be applied as speedily as possible, by additional +men or other proper means. + +130. The Carpenter will see that the hatches on the deck next above +the berth-deck or orlop are properly covered with gratings and +tarpaulins, and that the air-ports are closed and secured. + +131. He will then cause all the pumps to be rigged, namely, the main +pumps, for freeing the ship in case of leaks, and the force and +channel pumps. He will have the engine also rigged and filled to +supply water for extinguishing fire. + +132. He will attend particularly to the preparations for stopping +shot-holes, and see that all the articles enumerated in his general +duties (Article 59) are distributed among his mates and crew. + +133. He will, when directed, cause the cabin and other bulkheads to be +taken down, and every other obstruction removed which comes within his +department, that may interfere with the working of the guns or the +passage of ammunition; and having performed this service, will report +to that effect to the Officers of the Divisions in which such +obstructions existed. + +134. When these preparations are completed, he will see that the men +under his direction are in their proper stations, and, when all their +preparatory duties have been performed, will so report to the +Executive Officer, and to the Officer commanding the Powder Division +what relates to that division. + +135. During an action the Carpenter will attend the pumps, sound the +well frequently, and, should he discover indications of serious injury +below the water-line, will immediately make them known personally, +either to the Captain or to the Executive Officer, and to them only. + +136. During an action, such of the Carpenter's crew as are stationed +in the wings, or on the orlop, in line-of-battle ships, or on the +berth-deck in other vessels, will be constantly on the look-out for +shot-holes. + +When a shot enters they are to make its position known by reference to +the numbers of the ports under or near which the hole is found, and +its distance below or above the water-line, as shown by the interior +line corresponding to it, already described in the general duties of +the Carpenter (Article 60); and are also to apply promptly such remedy +themselves as may be in their power. + +137. The MASTER-AT-ARMS, assisted by the Ship's Corporals, will see +the galley fire and all unauthorized lights put out; that the lamps +are in their places, properly trimmed and lighted; and that the lenses +and reflectors are cleaned and polished. + +After the magazines have been swept, closed, and secured, and the +retreat has been beaten, the Master-at-arms will see that the lights +in the light-rooms are extinguished, and apply to the Executive +Officer for permission to renew the usual lights and fires. + + +SURGEON'S DIVISION. + +138. The SURGEON or senior Medical Officer will see that all necessary +preparations are made for the reception and treatment of the wounded, +in the part of the ship which may have been set apart by the Captain +for that purpose, and report to the Executive Officer when such +preparations are completed. + +139. He will cause a sufficient number of tourniquets, or temporary +substitutes for them, to be distributed to such men of the different +divisions, and in each top, as may be appointed to receive them; and +he will take care that the persons in his division, and such others as +the Captain may direct, are instructed in the use of tourniquets, to +prevent, as far as possible, any dangerous loss of blood before the +Surgeon or his Assistants can attend to wounded men. + + +OFFICERS COMMANDING DIVISIONS OF GUNS. + +140. Each Officer Commanding a Division of Guns is to see that all +persons belonging to it are present; that all the prescribed +arrangements are duly and promptly made; that every article designated +for use in the division is in order and in place; that the decks are +wet and well sanded; that the hand-swabs at the guns are wet; and that +any small arms that may be distributed among the men of his division +are properly loaded at the time directed by the Captain. + +141. In action he will cause the wounded of his division to be +promptly and properly conveyed to the Surgeon, but will see that no +man leaves his quarters on pretence of assisting the wounded. Four +men, "aids to wounded", should be attached to each Division of Guns, +so as not to take men from guns for that purpose. + +142. On the lower deck of line-of-battle ships, or the main deck of +frigates and spar-deck of single-deck vessels, he will see the +hatchways in the range of his division properly covered by the +Carpenter's crew, assisted by the handspikemen or compressor-men of +the nearest guns, and the scuttles and whips duly prepared for passing +powder, shot, and shells. + +143. He will be particularly careful to prevent the men from loading +the guns improperly, or otherwise than may be specially ordered, and +will prevent any unnecessary noise. + +144. He will see that the guns are very carefully pointed and properly +aimed; that there is no firing until correct sight can be obtained, as +random firing is not only a waste of ammunition, but it encourages an +enemy, when he sees shot and shell falling harmlessly about and beyond +him. + +He will carefully impress upon the Captains of guns that there is no +excuse for several successive bad shots, as observation of the first +or second will surely indicate an erroneous estimate of distance, and +afford means of correcting it. Accuracy of fire is to be encouraged +rather than rapidity. + +It is essential to rapidity and accuracy of fire, particularly on +covered decks, that the Division Officers shall keep the Gun Captains +constantly advised of the position and distance of the object. + +145. He will also take care to prevent confusion at the +powder-scuttles in the range of his division, and that all orders +which require to be repeated are duly passed. In case of accident to +the Powder-passers, he will promptly supply their places by such men +as can be best spared from his division. + +146. He will take care that each gun in his division is provided with +all the "Equipments and Implements" prescribed for its use; and that +the "spare" articles which may be required in his division in action +are in place.--(Article 148.) + +147. He will report to the Executive Officer when all preparations +have been made for action; and also after action and exercise, when +the guns have been properly secured, and the stores and implements +belonging to his division have been returned to their places. + + +EQUIPMENTS AND IMPLEMENTS. + +148. Those for broadside-guns, whether mounted on two or four truck +carriages, or on slides, are to be as follows, viz.: + +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------- +ARTICLES FOR EACH GUN. | WHERE THEY ARE TO BE PUT + | WHEN THE GUN IS SECURED. +--------------------------------------+---------------------------------- +Carriage complete, with bed and | + quoin, or elevating screw |At its port. + | +Breeching with shackle-bolts and pins |At the gun. + | +Compressors and levers, pivot-bolt | + and housing-chock, for Friction | + Carriages |At the gun. + | +Two side-tackles |Hooked to the securing-bolts on each + | side of the port and to the + | carriage. + | +One train-tackle |Hooked to the securing-bolts in the + | side, with the parts of the fall + | round the breech of the gun. + | +Two handspikes[1] |Resting on the bed-bolt, in-board + | ends secured by beckets. + | +One tompion with lanyard and wad |In the muzzle of the gun. + | +One sponge and cap[2] |On the beam or carling over the + | right side of the gun + | (on movable brackets). + | +One rammer[2] |On the beam or carling over the left + | side of the gun (on movable + | brackets). + | +One lock with string and vent-plug | + complete |In place on the gun. + | +One breech-sight with cover |In place on the gun. + | +One reinforce-sight with cover |In place on the gun. + | +One priming-wire and one boring-bit, |Inside of the brackets of the + with beckets for the wrist | carriage, near the breech. + | +One fire-bucket with lanyard |On gun-decks, close to the side, + | near the beam over the gun; on + | spar-decks, round the capstan and + | the boats forward. + | +One bucket of prepared grease or oil | + for rifle cannon |On the breast-piece. + | +One battle-lantern, with candle or | + lamp trimmed and primed, but | + provided for gun-decks only; none |In the fire-buckets. The candle in + for spar-decks | supply box. + | +Battle-axes (as prescribed according | + to the number of men at gun).-- | + _See_ Art. 101 |Inside of the brackets. + | +One hand-swab |On the breast-piece of the + | carriage. + | +One deck-bucket and large swab |To be kept in the hold until wanted. + | +Two chocking-quoins for |When not in use, between the + truck-carriages | brackets and the bed. + | +Two lanyards for each half port |In place. + | +Lanyards, chain pendents, runners and | + tackles for tricing up, and bars and | + keys for securing lower deck ports |In place. + | +Ten shot for shot-guns |In racks round hatches nearest the + | gun. + | +For shell-guns, one shell in its box |Between the trucks on the left side + | of the gun. + | +Ten selvagee wads for shot and shell |On the breast-piece of the carriage, + guns | strung on a pin. + | +Two housing-chocks for lower deck |Placed before the _front trucks_ + guns | when the gun is run in for housing. +--------------------------------------+------------------------------------ + + +149. He will also assure himself that the following articles, which +may be required, are in readiness in his division, and prepared for +use, namely: One rattle for calling Boarders; one division-tub for +fresh water; one spare bed and quoin for carriages requiring them; two +spare gun-trucks; four spare handspikes; one worm; one scraper; one +bristle sponge for cleaning guns; two spare breechings; four swabs, +and, if any of the guns be on slides, a spare pivot-bolt. Of these +articles the worm, scraper, sponge, and spare breechings[3] are to be +becketed up between the beams and carlings on the gun-decks as far as +practicable, and those which cannot be so placed will be kept at hand +in the storeroom or other convenient place. A ladle is supplied for +each calibre on board, and will be kept ready in such place as may be +designated by the Executive Officer. + +The above allowance of articles designated as "spare," including worm, +scraper, sponge, and swabs, is upon the supposition that each division +is composed of five guns and their opposites. In case the number of +guns should be either more or less, the articles will be increased or +diminished proportionally to the nearest whole number. + +150. He will take care that the Quarter Gunners of his division keep +the two division-boxes marked "supply" and "reserve" constantly +provided with the following articles, all in good order, viz.: + +The "Supply" box with a waist-belt for each Boarder, Pikeman, Fireman, +Sail-trimmer, and Pumpman; a primed candle for each battle-lantern; a +thumbstall and vent-guard for the 1st and 2d Captains of each gun. The +belts of Boarders to be furnished with a frog for a pistol, with its +cartridges and percussion-caps; those of 1st and 2d Captains of guns +with a box containing fifty primers fitted to slip on the waist-belt. +Those for Firemen, Sail-trimmers, and Pumpmen to have each a frog for +the battle-axe. + +The "Reserve" box with one drill-brace; three vent-drills; one +vent-punch; two gun-locks and strings complete; a flask of +priming-powder; two boring-bits; three priming-wires; eight +thumbstalls; four boxes of percussion-primers; one box of +friction-primers; one spare lock-string for each gun, and one +fuze-wrench; a shackle-punch and pin, and some rags for wiping. These +boxes are to be placed by the Quarter Gunners in their respective +divisions, near the mast, and on the opposite side to that engaged. + +In vessels of the class of Frigates and upward, these boxes are to be, +on covered decks, kept in their several divisions and secured +overhead. + +On spar-decks they are to be kept under the break of the poop and the +topgallant forecastle, and, in vessels having neither poop nor +topgallant forecastle, between the beams on the berth-deck. They will +be kept under lock and key. + +151. He will see that such men of the divisions, and others who are +appointed for the purpose, obtain the requisite number of tourniquets, +and distribute them to the men selected to use them. (_See_ Article +139.) + + +BROADSIDE GUNS. + +STATIONS AND GUN-NUMBERS. + +152. The following are to be the gun-numbers and stations for a gun's +crew composed of sixteen Men and a Powderman, when working +broadside-guns on lower decks; on other decks 15 and 16 are 3d and 4th +Side-Tacklemen. + +-------------------------+-----------+------------------------- +LEFT SIDE. | GUN-NOS. | RIGHT SIDE. +-------------------------+-----+-----+------------------------- +First Loader. | 3 | 4 | First Sponger. +Second Loader. | 5 | 6 | Second Sponger. +First Shellman. | 7 | 8 | Second Shellman. +First Handspikeman. | 9 | 10 | Second Handspikeman. +First Side-Tackleman. | 13 | 14 | Second Side-Tackleman. +First Port-Tackleman. | 15 | 16 | Second Port-Tackleman. +First Train-Tackleman. | 11 | 12 | Second Train-Tackleman. +First Captain. | 1 | 2 | Second Captain. +-------------------------+-----+-----+------------------------- + +Powderman near the midships, and on the left of the gun. + +For a gun's crew of fourteen men and a Powder-boy, or of twelve men, +the higher numbers are those to be omitted, and the stations and +duties of all the others remain unchanged. + +With a gun's crew of ten men, all the numbers continue with the same +stations and duties excepting No. 10, who becomes Train-Tackleman, and +the 2d Captain handles the handspike. + +With a gun's crew of eight men, numbers from 1 to 7 inclusive retain +the same stations and duties; No. 2 will, in addition to his duties as +2d Captain, also attend to the handspike, and No. 8 becomes +Train-Tackleman. + +With a gun's crew of six men, all the numbers retain the same stations +and duties, excepting that No. 5 also acts as Shotman, and No. 2 +attends to the handspike and train-tackle in addition to the duties of +2d Captain. + +153. This arrangement exhibits the gun's crew placed as the men should +stand when first assembled at quarters, either for inspection or any +ordinary exercise. It is intended that the men are then to stand +parallel with the gun, and facing in-board. + + +CALLS FOR ASSEMBLING AT QUARTERS. + +154. BEATS OF DRUM. + +1st. THE ORDINARY BEAT will be the call for INSPECTION at general +quarters. + +2d. The ORDINARY BEAT, preceded by ONE ROLL--EXERCISE at general +quarters, without powder. + +3d. The BEAT QUICK--ACTION; or EXERCISE at general quarters with +powder, as though engaged in BATTLE. + +4th. WHEN AT QUARTERS, a roll of the drum will be a signal for +"SILENCE AND ATTENTION!" All firing or other noise will immediately +cease, and the next order be awaited in perfect silence. It is of the +utmost importance to impress this upon the officers and crew. + +5th. When the Captain is satisfied that his order has been delivered +and understood, he will order TWO TAPS to be beaten, as a signal for +the "EXECUTION OF THE ORDER." The roll and the taps to be given +sharply and distinctly. + +155. On assembling at quarters for inspection or general exercise, +unless directed otherwise, in port, the men are first to go to the +starboard guns on the spar-deck, the port guns on the main deck, the +starboard guns on the next deck below, and so on. At sea they are +first to go to the weather guns, or, if the ship be dead before the +wind, to the same sides as in port. + +156. When assembled for inspection, besides seeing that all the guns +and articles belonging to them are in order and in place, it is +directed that the men, without arms or implements, or casting loose +the guns, shall be frequently called away and mustered in their +stations as Boarders, Pikemen, Sail-trimmers, and Firemen; and also +practised in shifting from one side to the other, and in taking their +places for fighting both sides at once. + +157. On assembling for exercise at general quarters without powder, +after the men have been mustered and the divisional reports made, the +order will be given: "CAST LOOSE AND PROVIDE!" + +Then the starboard watch will provide and cast loose the odd-numbered +guns, and the port watch will provide and cast loose the even-numbered +guns. + +The 1st parts of guns' crews on the starboard side providing and +casting loose the starboard, and the 2d parts the port guns. The 1st +parts of guns' crews on the port side the port, and the 2d parts the +starboard guns. In securing guns the same order of distributing the +men is to be observed. + +When both these services of providing and casting loose have been +performed, and the luffs choked or hitched and trucks chocked, the men +are all to return to the guns at which they were mustered, and, +taking their places, await in silence further orders, if not already +given. + +158. When assembled for exercise as though actually engaged in battle, +besides what is prescribed for an exercise at general quarters without +powder, the further preparations indicated hereafter will be made. The +guns' crews will proceed at once to provide and cast loose both sides +without waiting to be mustered, or for any further orders. + +159. The call for BOARDERS to repair to the spar-deck will be by the +rattle and verbal order, repeated by the Officer of each division of +guns. They should be trained to form promptly on the opposite side to +that engaged, near the hatch by which they ascend. + +On the first call or order, the first division only will repair to the +spar-deck, led by their officers. If the call or order should be +repeated before the first division shall have returned to their guns, +the second division will immediately repair to the spar-deck. + +160. The call for PIKEMEN to "repel boarders" will be by sounding the +Gong. At this signal all the Pikemen will assemble on the spar-deck +with their muskets. + +161. ALL HANDS will be summoned to repel boarders (_See_ Article 92) +by springing the rattles and sounding the gong together, and by verbal +orders. + +162. SAIL-TRIMMERS. The particular division that may be wanted at a +time will be called by passing the word for it. + +163. The call for FIREMEN to repair to the spar-deck will be given +verbally and by striking the ship's bell rapidly. The rapid ringing of +the bell will be the FIRE-ALARM at all times, when the crew will +immediately assemble at quarters. + +164. Boarders, Pikemen, and Sail-trimmers of the spar-deck guns, or +any portion of them, and of the Master's division, as well as the +Marines, may be ordered from their quarters to perform a particular +service, without any call, whenever the Captain may deem proper. + +165. Men called for any of the foregoing duties will, on reaching the +spar-deck, form on the gangway, upon the side not engaged with the +enemy, unless otherwise directed at the time. + +166. When called to quarters, every person is to repair to his station +promptly and without unnecessary noise; and on the order, "to your +quarters," all will return to their stations in the same manner. + + +PREPARATIONS FOR EXERCISE AT GENERAL QUARTERS, WITHOUT POWDER. + +167. Sling the topsail yards and gaffs, and put the preventer braces +in place; distribute fighting stoppers and jiggers; stopper the clews +of the topsails; get whips on each side of the lower masts for tricing +up the pendant tackles, and also the mast-bands and fishes required +for securing a crippled mast. Make arrangements for using grapnels; +get hauling-lines ready for sending small arms and ammunition into the +tops; if not on soundings, haul over boat and boom covers and stop +them down; bring up and stow, if down, such hammocks as interfere with +the guns, or are in the way of the powder division;[4] haul over and +secure the hammock-cloths; hook and mouse the relieving-tackles; place +the spare tiller and compass at hand; put the chronometers, and other +instruments of navigation, out of the reach of shot; distribute the +small arms together with their accoutrements and a supply of filled +cartridges, to the men appointed to use them; place axes and hatchets +at hand on the spar-deck for clearing away incumbrances at guns; +grapnels in mizzen channels with whips to after-davits and +spanker-boom end, to hook up any gear likely to foul the screw. In +steam vessels, topgallant masts and rigging ready to be sent down and +all unnecessary gear unrove. + +If underway and on soundings, get the boats ready for hoisting out; +the ground-tackle ready for use and keep it clear, and make every +preparation for towing, warping, and anchoring with springs on cables; +stopper the chains; get lights in the light-rooms, including those of +the shell-rooms; light powder division; also gun-decks, if at night, +and it be ordered by the Captain; drop magazine screens; get shot and +shell whips, and buckets or nets, in place; rig canvas chutes for +returning empty passing-boxes; remove every obstruction to the free +passage of powder; clear away and open shot-lockers; see the hatchways +of the next deck above the powder division properly covered; division +and fire-tubs in place, with wet swabs by them, and at the landing of +each line of scuttles through which the passing-boxes pass; rig main, +force, and channel pumps and fire-engine, which fill with water; get +light Jacob-ladders and slings ready for lowering the Carpenters +outside, and materials for stopping shot-holes; take down cabin and +other bulkheads, when directed, and pass them below; sand the decks; +place a bucket of water and a wet swab in rear of each gun, and for +all rifle-guns a bucket of oil or prepared grease; have spare +breechings at hand; rope ladders for hatchways in place; a bag, to be +supplied from one reserve-box, containing a flask of priming-powder +and the following spare articles: two locks, four lock-strings, eight +thumbstalls, two boring-bits, two priming-wires, a shackle-punch and +pins and some old rags, to be slung round the neck of the Quarter +Gunner of each division of guns; rammers and sponges placed, and the +latter uncapped; one worm in place, on each side of the deck, for each +division, and a ladle at hand for each calibre on board; pistols, in +frogs furnished with cartridges and caps, and cutlasses and +battle-axes, belted round the respective persons designated to wear +them; marines accoutred and under arms, and distributed as the Captain +may direct; tourniquets to be distributed as may be judged necessary. +(_See_ Articles 139 and 151.) + + + PREPARATIONS FOR EXERCISE AT GENERAL QUARTERS, + WITH POWDER, AS THOUGH ENGAGED IN BATTLE. + +168. Crew cast loose the guns; shell-rooms and magazine are opened; +powder and shells passed up, and every thing ready for firing, the +order for which is awaited. If the beat is followed by orders from the +quarter-deck to fire, then this is performed as soon as each gun is +ready. In this case, besides what has just been prescribed for a +General Exercise without powder, the following further preparations +will be made: Put out galley fire and all unauthorized lights; light +match and place it in manger; open magazines and powder-tanks, and +also shell-rooms, when ordered; close and secure air-ports; fill +division and fire tubs with fresh water; place cans of fresh water and +wet swabs in magazines and shell-rooms; light up the cockpit, or other +place, for the wounded; place mattresses, and if there be room, sling +spare cots; get ready the amputating-table, instruments, bandages, +lint, medicines; have a plentiful supply of fresh water and swabs, and +sprinkle the decks. Make a particular examination of all the +arrangements for extinguishing fire; see that force-pumps and hose are +in good order, and the men stationed at them in their places. + +Speed being one of the principal elements of military force, steamers +will, on going into action, have all the furnaces clean, and the fires +in condition to make steam rapidly. + +The beat to quarters for action is therefore a signal to start fires +in any furnaces not in use. + + +PROVIDING BROADSIDE-GUNS. + +169. When the exercise of broadside-guns is to be confined to one side +only, each gun's crew is to provide its own gun, on the side at which +it is ordered to assemble, as follows: but when the guns on both sides +are to be exercised at once, each part of a gun's crew is to provide +its own gun; each Captain, Loader, Sponger, &c., doing separately what +is done by both himself and his second when the exercise is confined +to one side only. + +170. Captains of guns to provide themselves with percussion-primers, +thumbstalls, and priming-wire, and to see that the men of their +respective parts of the gun's crew discharge their several duties +promptly and carefully. + +171. Spongers provide sponges and rammers. + +172. Loaders provide a bucket of water and a wet swab; and, for rifle +cannon, a pot of oil or prepared grease. + +173. Shell or shotmen provide a sufficient supply of selvagee and six +junk-wads, and supply the racks around the hatchways with shot from +the lockers as required. + +174. Handspikemen see the handspikes in place, and then assist in +getting up shot for the guns; and, if necessary, in covering hatchways +in the division. + +175. The Powderman or Boy is to provide an empty passing-box, if no +powder is to be used; otherwise he is to present himself at the +appointed place to receive a full one. + +176. The Fireman is to take down the fire-bucket, and place it and the +battle-lantern in their appointed places. On gun-decks the lantern +should be hung up at the ship's side, or in rear of and between the +guns, as may be directed, and lighted when ordered by the Captain, and +the fire-bucket directly in rear of the gun. On spar-decks the bucket +may be laid on the deck, or hung up in any convenient place in rear of +and near the gun. + +177. Side-tacklemen provide sand and water, and sprinkle and sand the +decks, if directed; and get bucket and swab from the hold, fill the +bucket with water, wet the sponge and the swab, and lay it on deck +under the sponge. + +178. Quarter Gunners of divisions, besides equipping themselves, as +already directed (Article 167), with a bag of spare implements, will +attend to the "Supply" and "Reserve" boxes of their divisions (_See_ +Article 150), and distribute the belts, primer-boxes, and other +articles which they contain, to the guns' crews, as soon as +practicable, and then keep themselves ready to furnish any reserved or +spare articles which may be required, such as spare breechings, +ladles, and worms, and will see the battle-lanterns provided with +candles with primed wicks, ready for lighting when ordered by the +Captain. + +179. The swords and pistols should be always available for the +Boarders, at the shortest notice; but their particular disposition at +quarters, and at what time the pistols shall be loaded, will be +determined by the Captain, as in his judgment circumstances at the +time may require. Pistols should be loaded, on the probability of +action, without further orders. + +[Illustration: (STEAMER "POMPANOOSUC" CLASS.) Passing Powder Lith. by +J.F. Gedney, Washn. C.K. Stellwagen, del.] + + +ARRANGEMENTS FOR DELIVERING AND DISTRIBUTING POWDER. + +180. In making arrangements to deliver and distribute powder from the +magazines, for action, the following general considerations and rules +should govern: + +181. Cartridges, as experience proves, can be passed up each +independent chain of scuttles leading from the magazine to the point +at which the Powder-boys are to receive the full boxes, at the rate of +one every six or seven seconds. + +182. Experience also proves that, under the most favorable +circumstances, the broadside-guns of a man-of-war cannot be +advantageously fired oftener than once in every seventy-five seconds. + +Hence it may be received as a rule, that a single chain of +passing-scuttles is abundantly sufficient to supply powder for a +division of guns as large even as eight of a side; and that it is also +sufficient when both sides of such a division are to be used at once, +for then the firing of each piece is unavoidably retarded by the +division of the guns' crews. + +183. No one chain of scuttles should be required to supply cartridges +for more than a single description of guns,[5] unless their cartridges +be the same in diameter, weight, and form, and their passing-boxes +alike, as in the case of the 8-inch shell-gun of 63 cwt. and the +32-pounder of 57 cwt. If, therefore, there be on a deck of guns but +one differing from the rest in calibre, class, or assimilation of +cartridges, that one should have a separate chain of scuttles for its +supply, in order to guard effectually against confusion, or, at least, +delay. In a word, each additional calibre or class of guns, unless the +cartridges be assimilated and the passing-boxes alike, involves an +additional chain of passing-scuttles for its supply; and it should be +borne in mind that errors with respect to cartridges of guns of the +same calibre, but differing in class, are more to be apprehended than +with guns differing only in calibre. + +184. If the guns on a deck be all of the same calibre and class, or of +like cartridges and passing-boxes, then one chain of scuttles to +supply the forward half of those guns, and another to supply the after +half, will be all-sufficient. + +185. For each chain of passing-scuttles there will probably have to +be-- + +One man in the magazine to deliver charges from the tanks. + +One man in the passage to receive and pass those charges through the +scuttle in the orlop or berth deck. + +One man at the passage-scuttle on the orlop or berth deck, to receive +the charges and pass them to the screen. + +One man just outside of the screen, to receive the charges through a +flapped hole therein, and put them in the empty passing-boxes. + +One, two, or three Runner-boys (according to the distance) to run, on +the orlop or berth deck, with full passing-boxes, from the screen to +the scuttles through the deck, and back again with the empty boxes to +the screen. + +One man, a very careful one, at the bottom of the canvas chute, to +receive the empty passing-boxes, strike them, in an inverted position, +over the fire-tub, and inspect them carefully before allowing them to +be taken away to be replenished. + +One man, on the orlop or berth deck, at the passing-scuttle through +the deck above, to pass up full boxes. + +One man at the passing-scuttle on the next deck above the orlop or +berth deck, to receive and pass up full boxes, or, in the case of a +single-deck vessel, or of distribution on the main deck of a frigate, +or on the lower deck of a ship-of-the-line, to receive and deliver +them to Powder-boys. + +One man at the passing-scuttle on the second deck above the orlop or +berth deck, to receive and pass up full boxes; or, in the case of a +frigate, or distribution on the main deck of a ship-of-the-line of two +decks, to receive and deliver them to Powder-boys. + +And one man at the passing-scuttle on the third deck above the orlop, +to receive and deliver full boxes to Powder-boys on the spar-deck of a +ship-of-the-line of two decks. + +Thus each chain of scuttles will require-- + +Seven men to supply its guns on the first deck above; as, for example, +the lower deck of a ship-of-the-line, the main deck of a frigate, or +the spar-deck of a sloop-of-war, or other single-deck vessel. + +Eight men for the spar-deck of a frigate, for the main deck of a +ship-of-the-line of two decks, or for the middle gun-deck of a +ship-of-the-line of three decks. + +Nine men for the spar-deck of a ship-of-the-line of two decks, or for +the main deck of a ship-of-the line of three decks. + +And ten men for the spar-deck of a ship-of-the-line of three decks. + +Besides, each of these numbers--7, 8, 9, and 10--is to be increased by +two or three Runner-boys, for the purposes above described. + +186. In vessels of and above the class of frigates, or having two +magazines--one forward and the other aft--the forward half of the guns +on each deck is to be supplied from the forward magazine, and the +after half from the after magazine. Thus, for each deck of guns, one +scuttle at each of the two magazines, together with its corresponding +chain of scuttles, will be sufficient, if all the guns be of the same +calibre and class, or have like charges. But the introduction on board +of any vessel of guns differing in either of these respects will +involve the necessity above stated of a separate scuttle of delivery +at the magazine, and also of a distinct chain of scuttles connected +with it, for the exclusive supply of each variety of charges that may +be introduced. + +In this case, the exceptional guns should be supplied, whenever +practicable, from the larger magazine, when there are two differing in +size. + +187. In single-deck vessels carrying more than sixteen guns, all of +the same calibre and class, and having but one magazine, two scuttles +at that magazine will be sufficient--one to supply the forward half of +guns, and the other the after half. + +188. In single-deck vessels carrying only sixteen guns, or less, all +of the same calibre and class, or having like charges, one scuttle at +the magazine will suffice. + +189. Should any single-deck vessel be of such great length, or so +remarkable in her armament of guns, although all of the same calibre +and class, as to render additional scuttles advisable, they are to be +cut. + + +PASSING-SCUTTLES. + +190. All the powder is to be passed up from the orlop or berth deck +through circular scuttles, cut in the deck or decks at places, as +nearly as circumstances will permit, immediately abreast of the middle +of the particular set of guns to the supply of which each chain of +scuttles is specially appropriated. Besides these scuttles for passing +the powder up, there are to be corresponding ones for each set, +provided with a canvas chute for returning the empty boxes below. The +drawing shows the manner of supplying an upper deck and returning the +empty boxes from it. Each deck is to be supplied in like manner, by a +distinct and separate arrangement, through as many independent sets of +scuttles as may be required by the preceding "Arrangements for +delivering and distributing powder." + +191. Each scuttle is to have a tompion or other means of closing it, +so as to be water-tight when not in use, and to be so placed or +regulated in height as not to interfere with the transportation of +guns. + +192. Should any serious difficulty arise in finding places for cutting +any of the different sets of scuttles through the decks, or in the +cases of small or very wet vessels, recourse may be had to the +gratings of the hatchways. Still, they are always to be cut through +the decks whenever it can be done with propriety. + +193. For each scuttle at the magazine for the delivery of powder there +must be a corresponding flap-hole in the magazine screen, and this is +to be regarded as a part of the chain of supply equally with the +scuttle itself. + +194. When on board ship there are any guns of the same calibre and +class, or of assimilated charges, carried on two consecutive decks, +all of them may be supplied by the same chain of scuttles, provided +the whole number of guns thus made to depend upon this chain does not +exceed eight of a side. For instance, under the circumstances stated, +the chase, or a few shell or other guns on a spar-deck, may be +supplied by a chain of scuttles intended principally for the main-deck +guns; or, the shell-guns on a main deck being few, may be supplied by +a chain intended principally for the deck below. + +195. In delivering cartridges from the magazines for serving guns, +they are to be passed up from the magazine to the orlop or berth deck +before they are put into the passing-boxes, which, in time of action, +or when exercising with powder, after being once taken out of the +magazine, are not, on any account, to be allowed to go into it again, +or even inside of the screen, during the whole time of such action or +exercise. They are to be replenished at the screen, but outside of it. + +196. All passing-boxes shall be painted black, with the calibre and +charge painted in white letters, two and one-half inches (2-1/2) long +on the side, and one and a half (1-1/2) on the top. + +197. If, however, there are any guns of the same calibre on spar-decks +requiring lighter charges, the lower half of the box shall be painted +white. For gun-decks in similar case the lower half shall be painted +red. + +198. Empty passing-boxes returned by the chutes are always to be +landed upon wet swabs, and then to be turned upside down, and so +struck over a fire-tub, as before directed, to free them from any +loose powder. + +199. One fire-tub, nearly filled with water, is to be placed on the +deck, alongside the bottom of each chute for returning empty boxes. +The top of this tub is to be provided with a stout hoop to ship and +unship, with a grating of stout copper wire, the meshes of which are +to be made small enough to prevent the passing-box from falling into +the water, in case of slipping from the man's hand while being struck +over the tub. + + +SHOT AND SHELL. + +200. Shot and shell are to be passed up by hand, or whipped up, by the +most convenient hatchways. The hands stationed below at the lockers +are to work the whips, each of which, being fitted with a toggle, will +indicate when the projectiles are hoisted high enough. In case a +shot-locker should be somewhat removed from the hatchway, up which the +shot are to be passed or whipped, the shot may be speedily conveyed +over the distance by means of a wooden trough fitted for the purpose. + + +HATCHWAY FOR THE WOUNDED. + +201. One hatchway, or portion of a hatchway, and that as nearly +amidships as possible, is to be reserved for lowering the wounded +below, and to be properly provided with a cot or cots, having a whip +to each. + +[Illustration: NAVAL TRUCK CARRIAGE D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius +Bien, pr.] + + +NAVAL GUN-CARRIAGES. + +202. All gun-carriages and their equipments are to be made in +conformity with directions from the Bureau of Ordnance. + + +NOMENCLATURE OF ORDINARY NAVAL TRUCK-CARRIAGE. + +WOODEN PARTS. + +_Carriage._ + + A. Brackets of large truck-carriages are made each of two pieces, + joined by a jog _a_, and dowelled. The remaining parts of the + brackets are the trunnion-holes _b_, steps _c_, quarter-rounds + _d_, and arch _e_. + B. Transom, let into brackets. + C. Breast-piece, in two parts--the inner part fixed, by two bolts, + into transom; the outer part movable, connected by hinges. + D. Front and rear axletrees, consisting each of square body _f_, + and arms _g_, jogged into brackets. + E. Front and rear trucks. + F. Dumb trucks. + G. Bed and stool. + H. Quoin. + + _Implements._ + + I. Handspikes. + K. Chocking-quoin. + +METAL PARTS. + +_Carriage._ + + 1. Two cap-squares. + 2. Four cap-square bolts and two keys and chains. + 3. Two bracket-bolts. + 4. Two rear axletree-bolts. + 5. Two side-tackle eye-bolts. + 6. One train-tackle eye-bolt. + 7. One transporting eye-bolt. + 8. Two breast-bolts. + 9. Two hinges of breast-pieces. + 10. Two transom-bolts (upper and lower). + 11. Two breeching side-shackles and pins. + 12. Bed-bolt. + 13. Four axletree bands. + 14. Chafing-plates of steps and brackets. + 15. Four linchpins and washers. + 16. Quoin-plate and stop. + 17. Ratchet for quoin-stop. + 18. Four training loops. + 19. Breeching-thimble (cast iron). + 20. Side-shackle bolts for breechings. + 21. Shackle-pin, plates, and keys. + 22. Two axle-stays. + 23. Handspike-shoe. + +OF PARTS PECULIAR TO MARSILLY CARRIAGE. + + A. The lowest piece of the bracket, in place of the rear truck of + ordinary carriages. + B. Rear transom, in place of rear axle. + C. Breast-piece (fixed). + D. E. Sweep-pieces. + D. Fixed below the port-sill + E. Movable, with brass catches (_f f_) and hooks and eyes (_g g_). + H. Elevating screw and lever, with saucer (I) in place of bed and + quoin. + K. Roller handspike. + L. Loop for handspike. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] _Marsilly_ carriages require a roller handspike each. + +[2] The rammers and sponges belonging to the broadside-guns of spar-deck +divisions of all ships having topgallant forecastles, or other light +decks, may be kept under the forecastle or light deck when not in use. In +ships not provided with these decks they are to be kept at the guns inside +the brackets; or, if that cannot be done, triced up overhead on the next +deck below. + +[3] The spare breechings should never be stowed near the galley nor +Engine-room, lest they be damaged by heat and moisture. + +[4] The Executive Officer of the ship should appoint a sufficient number +of men in each watch for the purpose of stowing the hammocks of the watch +below in case of being called to quarters in the night, so as to prevent +confusion and insure the greatest possible dispatch in clearing for +action. + +[5] See Table of Charges for Great Guns. + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + +MANUAL EXERCISE. + + +EXERCISE OF BROADSIDE-GUNS, + +ON ONE SIDE ONLY.[6] + +IX-INCH SHELL-GUN (_as an example_). + + +203. WORDS OF COMMAND. + + I. "SILENCE! MAN THE STARBOARD (OR PORT) GUNS!" + + II. "CAST LOOSE AND PROVIDE!" + + III. "RUN IN!" (preparatory). + + IV. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + + V. "LOAD!" + + VI. "RUN OUT!" + + VII. "PRIME!" + +VIII. "POINT!" + + IX. "READY--FIRE!" + + X. "SECURE!" + +It is customary to keep the guns of the Battery loaded at sea; it has +been found that the fire of a ship could be commenced in three minutes +from the beat of drum, the guns being secured for sea, and no notice +of what was contemplated announced to men or officers save by the +signal for quarters. + +This form of exercise therefore proceeds on the assumption that the +cannon are not loaded, but the order of the commands may be varied to +suit the circumstances of the case. + +204. Guns should never remain loaded longer than necessary, as the +cartridge speedily deteriorates by the effects of moisture. If a shell +has been loaded twenty-four hours it should be drawn and refuzed. + +[Illustration: MARSILLY CARRIAGE FOR IX. INCH SHELL GUN D. Van +Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + + +I. "SILENCE! MAN THE STARBOARD (OR PORT) GUNS!" + +205. At this preparatory order the strictest silence is to be +observed. The Captain faces the port, the men, on the right and left, +stand facing the gun; all fix their eyes on the Captain and +attentively wait for orders. + + +II. "CAST LOOSE AND PROVIDE!" + +206. The GUN CAPTAIN commands, sees his gun cleared and cast loose, +portlid unbarred ready for tricing up, or half ports taken out; side +and train tackles hooked, the side-tackle to the side training-bolt, +and the train-tackle to the eye-bolt in the deck in the rear of the +gun; casts loose and middles breeching and places selvagee straps and +toggles amidships; takes off lock-cover, and hands it to the +train-tackleman, who places it amidships; buckles on his waist-belt +(furnished as directed in Article 150); provides himself with a +priming-wire; puts on and secures his thumbstall; and sees that the +gear and implements for the service of the gun are all in place and +ready for use, and that the men are properly equipped. + +When the gun is ready for action he sees that the men take their +proper positions, and reports to the Officer of the subdivision to +which he belongs. + +It is important that the battery shall be completely provided at every +exercise, otherwise something is sure to be omitted in preparing for +action. + +207. 2D CAPTAIN assists in casting loose and middling breeching; takes +off and places amidships sight-covers, selvagee straps, and toggles; +handles quoin; provides thumbstalls, priming-wires, and boring-bit, +and equips himself with the first two; clears lock-string and lays it +in a loose coil round the lock, convenient for use, and buckles on his +waist-belt furnished as 1st Captain's. If the gun is furnished with an +elevating screw, elevates the gun, that the lower half port may be let +down. + +208. 1ST LOADER, aided by 1st Sponger, casts loose port-lanyards, +removes upper half port, and passes it to the men on the left side of +the gun, who lay it amidships; lets down the lower half port. On lower +deck casts off port-lanyards and muzzle-lashing; removes port-bar and +passes it to the men at the left side of the gun, who lay it +amidships; bears out port. On all decks places hand-swab and +chocking-quoin near the ship's side on the left side of the gun; aids +1st Sponger in taking out tompion. + +209. 2D LOADER assists in casting loose; sees the wads in place, and +for rifle cannon a pot of grease at hand; hooks outer block of +side-tackle to side training-bolt, on the left side of the gun. + +210. 1ST SPONGER casts loose port-lanyards and aids 1st Loader in +removing upper half ports and letting down lower ones, and on lower +decks in removing the port-bar, bearing out the port and taking off +the muzzle-lashings; takes out tompion, and passes it to 2d Sponger, +who hangs it amidships; places chocking-quoin on the right side of the +gun, near the ship's side. + +211. 2D SPONGER assists in casting loose; hooks outer block of +side-tackle to the side training-bolt, on the right side of the gun. + +The Spongers take down the sponges and rammers; take off the +sponge-cap and hang it up out of the way; place sponges and rammers +together, on the right side of the gun, heads toward the breech, in +the brackets overhead on covered decks, otherwise on deck. + +The SIDE-TACKLEMEN assist in casting loose; on lower decks, aid +Port-tacklemen; moisten the sponge, being certain that the end of the +sponge which touches the bottom of the bore is thoroughly wet. + +212. SHELLMEN assist in casting loose, provide shot and wads, and +proceed to hatchway, ready to pass loaded shell, if ordered. + +213. TRAIN-TACKLEMEN lead out and hook train-tackle. + +214. HANDSPIKEMEN take out the handspikes on their respective sides, +and with carriages using a quoin, each standing between his handspike +and the side of the ship, place the heels of their handspikes on the +steps of the carriage and under the breech of the gun, and raise it so +that the quoin may be eased and the lower half port let down, or, when +housed, the bed and quoin adjusted. Then each Handspikeman will lay +his handspike on deck, on his own side of the gun, parallel with its +axis, clear of the trucks and butt to the rear. + +215. POWDER-BOY repairs to his proper scuttle for his passing-box, +which having received he returns and stands a little to the left and +in rear of the gun, keeping the passing-box under his left arm and the +cover closely pressed down with his right hand. + +216. When there are fourteen or more men at a gun, the PORT-TACKLEMEN +and SIDE-TACKLEMEN, on lower decks, lead out port-tackle falls and +assist in tricing up the port, and, when high enough, belay the fall. + +217. In the temporary absence of the first Captains, Loaders, or +Spongers, when at quarters on one side, their Seconds will take their +places and perform their respective duties. + +When exercising by divisions, or single gun's crews, every station +should be filled; if necessary, taking men from the Master's or Powder +division to fill vacancies. The guns will be sufficiently exercised in +working with reduced crews at general quarters. + +218. With a gun's crew of ten or more men, No. 7 will take the place +of No. 5, and No. 8 of No. 6, when Nos. 5 or 6 are absent +temporarily. + +[Illustration: RUN-IN. {Diagram No. 2.} D. Van Nostrand Publisher. +Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: SPONGE-LOAD {Diagram No. 2.} D. Van Nostrand Publisher. +Julius Bien, pr.] + + +III. "RUN IN!" (_preparatory_). + +(Diagram No. 1.) + +219. Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (and, if necessary, 5, +6), man the Train-tackle. + +2d Captain ships and works Roller Handspike. Nos. 3, 4, overhaul or +tend the Side-tackles. + +The gun having been run in, No. 12 chokes luff of Train-tackle, +assisted, if there is much motion, by No. 11. + +Nos. 3, 4 place Truck-quoins in front of Trucks. + +No. 6, with back square to gun, and facing over left shoulder to +Sponger, takes up the Sponge, head in-board, and stands ready to hand +it to 4. + +No. 8, facing to the gun, and outside of 6, does the same with the +Rammer. + +The rest of the men go to their stations. + + +IV. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!"[7] + +(Diagram No. 2.) + +220. Gun Captain serves and then stops the Vent. No. 4 receives the +moist Sponge from 3, right hand over, left under, sends it home, and, +assisted by 3, presses it to bottom of bore; then, turning it round +two or three times, from left to right, in the direction which is +needed to have the worm take, withdraws it, and, when out, strikes the +staff several smart taps under the muzzle, then hands it back to 6, +who lays it on the deck or lodges it overhead on the hooks, if they +are provided. No. 10 examines and clears sponge-head and worm. + +After the Sponge is withdrawn, Gun Captain serves the vent with his +priming-wire and again closes it. + +No. 8 hands Rammer to 4 as soon as the Sponge is taken from him by 6. +Should 4 observe that the Gun Captain neglected to serve the vent, he +is to call his attention to it. + +No. 3 stands ready with Charge he has taken from Powderman. + +No. 5, assisted by Shellman, opens Shell-box, disengages the Shell, +and has it in readiness to pass to No. 3. + + +V. "LOAD!" + +(Diagram No. 2.) + +221. No. 3 places Charge in muzzle, seam from the Vent, small end in, +and pushes it well into the Bore. + +No. 4 stands ready with the Rammer, enters it into the muzzle, and +pushes the Charge steadily to the bottom of the Bore, which will be +shown by the mark on the rammer handle; 3 assists with one hand, and +the charge is on no account to be struck. + +While 4 withdraws the Rammer, 3 is to receive the Shell from 5, lift +and enter it, sabot first, into muzzle, fuze out, as soon as the +rammer is clear thereof. + +As the shell lies just fair with muzzle, 3 removes cap from Fuze, +which is to be passed along to the Gun Captain, and pushes the Shell +into the Bore. + +No. 4 enters Rammer, and, assisted by 3, pushes in the Shell until the +mark on handle shows it to be in place. It is most strictly forbidden +to strike the Shell with the Rammer. + +No. 6 takes Rammer from 4 and lays it down. + +Whilst this has been doing, the preparation for the next order has +been proceeding, thus: + +2d Captain ships Roller Handspike. Nos. 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,--8, 10, 12, +14, 16 take hold of Side-tackles; Gun Captain feels if Vent is clear, +and Charge home. + + +_Action._ + +(This is equivalent to the order "Together.") + +Nos. 5, 6 assist at Side-tackles. + +Nos. 3, 4 attend Truck-quoins and keep the Breeching clear of +Front-trucks. + +No. 12, assisted in heavy rolling of lee guns by 11, prepares to tend +Train-tackle. If necessary with a round turn round all parts of the +fall. + + +VI. "RUN OUT!" + +(Diagram No. 3.) + +222. The execution of this order is to be controlled by the gun being +to windward or to leeward, and also by the nature of the Roll. + +To _leeward_, and with much motion, the cannon will rush out violently +unless prevented; therefore 11 assists 12 at the Train-tackle; 7, 9, +11, 13, 15, and 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 start the gun cautiously. + +2d Captain heaves up on Roller Handspike, but is careful to let down +the Carriage if it begins to start out rapidly; it may even be +advisable not to use the Roller Handspike at all. + +Nos. 3, 4 remove Truck-quoins and tend breeching. + + +_Action._ + +If to _windward_, 2d Captain heaves up Carriage fully on Roller +Handspike. + +Nos. 5 and 6 assist at Side-tackles. + +No. 12 only tends Train-tackle if the Roll should need it; otherwise +he overhauls it and assists at Side-tackles. + +Nos. 3, 4 remove Truck-quoins, and keep Breeching from fouling the +Front-trucks; 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 set taut the +Side-tackles. + +[Illustration: RUN OUT (TO LEEWARD) [Diagram. No. 3.] D. Van Nostrand +Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: PRIME-POINT. [Diagram No. 4.] D. Van Nostrand +Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +When the gun is out the 2d Captain swivels the Roller Handspike for +training, or removes it altogether if the Handspike alone be preferred +for this operation. + +Nos. 5, 6 choke and retain hold of luffs of Side-tackles, while 3, 4 +place Truck-quoins in rear of trucks, if the movement of the ship +requires it. Crew close up; rear man coils end of fall, clear for +running. + +If the training is to be sharp, the proper Side-tackle will be hooked +to the further eye-bolt inside; 12 unhooks the Train-tackle, and hooks +it also to the proper eye-bolt in deck. + + +VII. "PRIME!" + +(Diagram No. 4.) + +223. Gun Captain again makes sure that the Vent is clear, and, in so +doing, lets down his wire quickly into the charge. + +He inserts a Primer, and turns down the Hammer upon it. + +Meanwhile 9, 10 take up handspikes, and place themselves at rear of +bracket conveniently to heave forward or aft. + +In sharp training Nos. 13, 14 assist them. + +Nos. 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, and 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16 man Side-tackles. + + +VIII. "POINT!" + +(Diagram No. 4.) + +224. Gun Captain adjusts or verifies Sliding-Bar of Rear Sight to +proper distance given by the Officer of Division, and falls back so as +to be clear of the recoil, lanyard in hand, face to the Port, standing +_directly in the rear of the gun_, with his eye ranging over the +sights, and keeping in view the water-line of the opposing ship, +trains the gun by voice or sign. + +No. 6 throws back the Hammer, and takes hold of lever of Elevating +Screw. (If Roller Handspike is not used in training, 2d Captain +performs this.) + +At word "Right" or "Left," 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, or 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16 +haul on the proper Side-tackle, and 9, 10 heave correspondingly on +handspikes. Nos. 3 and 4 keep their eyes on handspikemen opposite to +them, to give the time to the other Nos. for hauling on the fall. + +No. 6 (or 2d Captain) Elevates or Depresses as directed. + + +_Action._ + +2d Captain unships the Roller Handspike if it has been used in +training. Nos. 9, 10 withdraw handspikes, and step back clear of +recoil. + +Nos. 3, 4 overhaul Side-tackles to mark, unless the motion does not +admit of it. + +No. 12 overhauls or holds up Train-tackle. + +Nos. 7, 8 remove quoins from Trucks. + +Men to their stations. + + +IX. "READY--FIRE!" + +(Diagram No. 5.) + +225. The Gun Captain, standing as already placed, waits patiently, but +sharply, for the coincidence of the sights upon the object, which, if +a ship, is always the water-line. When a correction of elevation or of +direction is required, he repeats such of the previous orders as may +be necessary; and these are to be re-executed accordingly. + +If the gun is to leeward, the men stand ready to take hold of the +Train-tackle and jerk the cannon into a taut breeching. + +When sure of his aim the Gun Captain, who has held the lock-lanyard +just taut, draws it promptly and firmly, bearing in mind that in no +case is he to attempt moving from his post. + +The 2d Captain stands ready with a primer, and, in the case of +failure, throws back the hammer and inserts another. If necessary, +serves the Vent. If a second failure occurs, it is a certain +indication that the charge is not home. + + +_Action._ + +Instantly with the explosion, 11, 12 jerk away the parts of the +train-tackle, or hook it if it has been unhooked. + +Nos. 3, 4 place quoins in front of trucks. 9, 10 lay down handspikes. + +When the gun is not in to a taut breeching, the 2d Captain ships the +Roller Handspike. + +Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, take hold quickly of +Train-tackle, and run in to a taut breeching. + +When in, 3, 4 move up the Truck-quoins, 12 chokes luff of +Train-tackle. + +Gun Captain puts back the hammer and coils up lanyard. + +No. 6 takes up Sponge, and the exercise proceeds as already directed. + +If necessary, No. 2 levels the gun for loading, and lays it fair for +running out. + +226. If the exercise is to be continued, it is resumed at the fourth +command: + +"SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + + +"CEASE FIRING!" + +227. Whenever this order is given, either by the roll of the drum, or +by passing the word, if the gun is primed, the Gun Captain immediately +removes the primer, and with the crew stands at "Attention." + +[Illustration: READY-FIRE. [Diagram No. 5.] D. Van Nostrand Publisher. +Julius Bien, pr.] + +228. NOTE.--The breechings of IX-in. guns are to be so fitted that the +face of muzzle when in shall be 18 inches from inner face of side, for +two reasons: + +To prevent the gun from returning to the port, and to give room for +the handling of such large shells. + +Seventeen men are a proper number for working a IX-in. gun under any +circumstances. + +Rammer handles are to be marked for place of charge and of shell. + +Side and train tackles are also to be marked to the proper overhaul, +so as to avoid slack rope. + +Breast-sweeps are useful at lower sill of port, for training more than +a point. + + +X. "SECURE!" + +229. The Powder-boy returns the spare powder and the passing-boxes to +the magazine. The Shellmen return the shells and empty shell-boxes, if +any remain on deck, to the shell-room. + +The Gun Captain directs the gun to be laid square in the middle of the +port. + +When the guns are to be secured without being housed the Loader and +Sponger place the chocking-quoins square up against the rear part of +the front trucks and put in the tompion. The Handspikemen, if there is +a quoin, free the quoin and lower the breech, the 2d Captain handling +the quoin. When the gun is fitted with an elevating screw this +operation is performed by the 2d Captain alone, who handles the screw. + +The Gun Captain, assisted by the 2d Captain, hauls the breeching +through the jaws of the cascabel to the left side of the gun, forming +with the bight a turn over the breech and cylinder, taking care to +keep the breeching well clear of the elevating screw to prevent chafe, +and securing the parts on each side with selvagees and heavers; or, if +this should interfere with the breech-sight, by crossing the breeching +at the side and securing it with selvagee straps and toggles. In this +case the breeching should be secured after alternate exercises right +and left. + +The Loader and Sponger haul up and secure the lower half-ports, put in +tompion, and secure muzzle-bag. The Gun Captain puts in the vent-plug, +lays the hammer of the lock in its place, and the lock-string in a +coil around it. The 2d Captain takes the lock-cover from the +Train-tackleman and secures it over the lock, and in like manner +covers the breech and reinforce sights. + +The men at the side-tackles unhook the outer blocks from the +training-bolts and hand them to the Loader and Sponger, who hook them +to the securing-bolts at the sides of the port. The men on both sides +haul them taut and stop the parts of the tackles together, with +knittles provided by the Quarter Gunner, and then expend the +remainder of the falls by passing them around the breech of the gun, +through the jaws of the cascabel, and stopping the bights alternately +to the eye-bolts on each side of the port until expended; or, at +four-truck carriages, take two half hitches over the tail of the +brackets, and expend the ends of the falls. + +The Train-tackle men hook the train-tackle to the side-tackle bolts on +each side of the port, the double block on the left side, haul the +tackle taut, expend the end round the breech, and stop the parts in +with the side-tackles.[8] + +The Gun Captain then directs the Handspikemen, or if the screw is +used, the 2d Captain, to raise the breech so as to level the gun and +bring all parts of the tackles and breeching taut. + +The Loader and Sponger put in and secure the upper half-ports, if +directed, and the Loader swabs the deck to collect any loose powder +which may have been scattered on it. + +The several persons who provided the arms and implements used in the +exercise, return them to their proper places, or to the persons +appointed to take charge of them, care being taken that the small arms +are unloaded and reported so before they are sent below, unless +otherwise directed by the Captain. + + +HOUSING LOWER-DECK GUNS. + +230. If the lower-deck guns are to be housed, the Gun Captain directs +the gun to be laid square in the middle of the port and run in to a +taut breeching, and if loaded, the load to be drawn. The Loader and +Sponger place the housing-chocks before the front trucks. + +The gun is then run close up against the housing-chocks, and the +chocking-quoins are placed square up behind the rear trucks. + +The Handspikemen raise the breech to free the quoin; the 2d Captain +withdraws it and the bed; the Handspikemen lower the breech upon the +axletree, so that in case the gun should break adrift, the muzzle will +take the upper port-sill; and the Port-tacklemen lower the port-lid. + +The 2d Loader and 1st Shellman bring the port-bar to the Loader and +Sponger, who put it in place across the port, hook the port-hooks in +the ring-bolts in the port-lids, and drive in the keys until the port +is perfectly closed. + +The men on both sides shift the side-tackles from the training-bolts +to the securing-bolts, haul them taut, and expend the ends between the +blocks. The Loader and Sponger pass the frapping lashing round both +parts of the breeching, in front of the brackets, and with the +assistance of the men nearest them bowse it well taut; and secure the +muzzle by placing the grommet over it and the housing hook-bolt, and +by frapping the two parts together with the lashing. When the +housing-bolt is an eye-bolt, a toggle will be necessary to keep the +grommet in its place. + +In moderate weather the train-tackle is unhooked from the deck, and +made up and stopped along the side-tackle, on the forward side of the +gun. In bad weather it is kept hooked, bowsed taut, and the end +expended through the ring-bolt and round the arms of the rear axle. + +The manner of housing guns, mounted on truck-carriages, on other +decks, in bad weather, does not vary materially from that just +described, excepting that the upper half-ports and the port-bucklers +are put in and secured. + +When there are no housing-chocks the ordinary chocking-quoins may be +used as such. It will be an additional security to take off the rear +trucks, and to tighten the muzzle-lashing by raising the breech. + + +GENERAL REMARKS ON THE MANUAL EXERCISE. + +231. The exercise of the great guns has a double object: 1st, To teach +the crew all the details necessary to Load, Point, and Fire the gun; +2d, To develop their activity, intelligence, and muscular force. + +The principal object, the base of all this instruction, is loading and +pointing; too much care and attention cannot be devoted to obtain +exactitude in all the movements. There is a tendency to devote too +much time to such exercises as shifting carriages from side to side. +There is always sufficient time for these manoeuvres. The most +important are the management of the rammer and sponge in loading and +the handspikes in pointing. + +232. At the time of reception on board, the crew may be considered as +made up of three classes: 1st, The Captains, Loaders, and Spongers of +guns, who may be considered as competently instructed in the manual; +2d, another part, who have had some instruction and are competent to +fill the secondary duties; 3d, The remainder, who are entirely +ignorant. + +The directions in the manual are more particularly devoted to the +instruction of a crew completely formed, omitting all the minor +details of position and exactness in the performance of the motions +under the different commands, which are to be supplied by the +Instructor. These details would break the connection of the several +commands, and increase the bulk of the work. The precepts of the +manual are not for self-instruction of the ignorant, but to produce a +uniform system of commands in the Instructors. The important point, is +to instruct the last two classes by gun's crews, and then by +divisions. This is accomplished by drilling the guns' crews +separately, until each man has acquired some facility in his +particular duties, and then selecting the most deficient for special +instruction, combining them as a gun's crew, in order not to uselessly +fatigue those who are already expert or readily acquire the drill. +Whenever a new order is to be executed, it should be first thoroughly +and minutely explained; and as soon as all have heard and appear to +understand, execute it. If not correctly performed, repeat the +explanation. + +233. When the individuals of each gun's crew have become well +acquainted with, and expert in the performance of their several +special duties, they are to be successively transferred, temporarily, +to the performance of the duties of some other station, until each man +shall have become acquainted with the special duties of every station +at the gun. + +In exercising each man of a gun's crew in the duties of all the other +men of that crew besides his own, it is to be done thus: + +The system supposes that, beginning with the 2d Captain to take the +place of the 1st Captain, the men are to be called to perform the +duties of the latter in a regular succession agreeably to the way they +are placed at the gun; i.e., after the 2d Captain, the 2d +Train-tackleman is to do the duties of Gun Captain; and so on all +round the gun. Each man is to fleet his position one remove or place, +in a direction "with the sun," so that instead of the interchange of +duties being confined to two individuals only, it is to extend to the +whole gun's crew. Thus, for instance, when the 2d Captain is called +upon to do the duties of 1st Captain, the latter, by moving one place +"with the sun," becomes the 1st Train-tackleman, the 1st +Train-tackleman the 1st Port-tackleman, and so on all around the gun +throughout the whole crew, the person at the muzzle of the gun on its +left side crossing over and taking the place of the one at the muzzle +on the right side. Next in order, the 2d Train-tackle. is required to +take the place of the 1st Captain, then the 2d Captain becomes 1st +Train-tackle., the 1st Captain the 1st Port-tackleman, the 2d +Port-tackleman the 2d Captain, and so on throughout. + +If it should be desired to take, at first, a man from the middle of +the crew of the gun, or even still further towards the muzzle, to do +the duties of 1st Captain, then it must be done under the supposition +that all the men preceding him in the order above mentioned have +already been exercised in those duties, and the men are then to take +their stands accordingly. + +After the guns' crews have been well trained by giving the words of +command, it will be expedient to exercise them without giving the +several detailed commands, by directing them to "load and fire!" At +this command the different individuals should, each in proper order of +time, silently perform his prescribed duties of sponging, loading, +running out, training, and pointing, the Captain of the gun regulating +the elevation and depression, by raising or lowering his hand, and by +holding it horizontally and steady when the gun is "well;" and in +pointing, by moving his hand to "right" or "left" as the gun requires +to be trained, and by bringing it down to his side when it is "well." +Before firing, he is to throw his hand well up as a signal for the men +to "drop tackles," and is to give the word "fire" when he pulls the +lock-string. + +When casualties occur at the guns, the Captain of the gun will order +"close up," and then equalize the crew on each side. If the Powderman +is disabled the highest number takes his place. + +234. Whenever the crew of a gun becomes so greatly reduced in action +that men enough are not left to work the piece, it may be fired while +partially run in. In such case, however, the breeching should be +frapped forward of the carriage, the ends crossed under the muzzle or +otherwise arranged so as to keep the muzzle outside of the port; the +side-tackles left loose; the chocking-quoins placed square up against +the outer part of the front trucks; the train-tackle hauled taut, the +end of the fall passed through the train-bolt and well secured, and +wet swabs placed up against the forward part of the rear trucks and +sprinkled with sand or ashes. After three or four rounds the +train-tackle should be re-secured; the chocking-quoins will require +re-placing after each fire. The greatest possible care should be taken +to guard against accident from fire, and minimum charges of powder +used. + +Experiment proves that a gun may be fired in this manner without +injury to the ship's side or the breeching, and by three or four men. + +It must be apparent to every officer that both the rapidity and the +accuracy of fire to be obtained from guns in vessels at sea, must +depend, in a great degree, upon the care which may be taken to explain +to the men the best mode of performing their respective parts of the +exercise, and the particular object for which each part is intended, +and especially on such frequency of exercise and target-firing as will +make the men perfectly familiar with their prescribed duties. The +importance of this instruction, which may decide whether an action +shall result in victory or defeat, will, it is hoped, insure due +attention to it from all officers, and especially from the officers of +divisions at quarters. + + THE GUNS ON ONE SIDE BEING MANNED, + TO CHANGE SIDES, + OR BOTH SIDES BEING MANNED, + TO MAN ONE SIDE ONLY; + COMMAND. + "MAN THE STARBOARD (OR PORT) GUNS!" + +235. Whenever this or any other order is given which requires all the +men suddenly to leave the gun which they are working, they are not to +do so until it is properly loaded, and well secured by hauling taut +the side and train tackles, and hitching their falls around the straps +of the inner blocks; nor on lower decks of ships-of-the-line till the +ports are down and secured by their lanyards. A strict compliance with +this injunction is indispensable to guard against excessive or +imperfect loading and other accidents. + +When these precautions have been duly taken, the men will shift over +in obedience to the command. + + +EXERCISE OF BROADSIDE-GUNS, ON BOTH SIDES AT ONCE, +BY MANNING ALTERNATE GUNS WITH FULL CREWS. + +236. In the event of being required to fight both sides, it is +generally conceded that a more effective fire is maintained by +handling alternate guns with full crews. + +In this case the preparatory order will be given: + + "SILENCE! MAN BOTH SIDES, EVERY OTHER GUN WITH FULL CREWS." + +Upon which the guns' crews of the guns of the starboard watch will man +the odd-numbered guns on the starboard side, and the guns' crews of +the port watch will man the even-numbered guns on the port side, and +the exercise will be the same as prescribed for "broadside guns on one +side only." + + +MANNING ALL THE GUNS. + +GENERAL REMARKS. + +237. Arrangements have been made to enable each gun's crew to work +together and fire alternately a pair of guns on the same side of the +deck. Experience, however, shows that this can only be continued with +effect for three or four rounds, and is in general results inferior to +those obtained by manning alternate guns with full crews. + + +QUICK FIRING. + +238. The service of the guns consists, essentially, of two distinct +parts, pointing and loading. The first of these, pointing, cannot be +performed too carefully and methodically, and requires extreme +coolness and attention on the part of the Captain of the gun; loading, +on the contrary, cannot be executed with too much rapidity, provided +neither the safety of the gun nor of its crew be compromised. + +It is clear that if two hostile vessels meet equally matched in all +the ordinary points of equipment and preparation, and manned by crews +equally skilled in gunnery, the advantage will be in favor of the ship +that loads quickest; and should it happen that nicety of aim becomes a +matter of secondary importance, in consequence of the closeness of the +action, then, evidently, rapidity of fire will determine the affair. + +These considerations appear decisive, and every care should be taken +in the instruction of guns' crews, that pointing be executed with +deliberation, care, and method, and loading with all possible +dispatch. In order, therefore, to insure the great advantage of rapid +firing, officers are enjoined frequently to exercise the crews in +setting the cartridge, shot, and wad home together, in one motion, of +such guns as may be loaded in this manner, without inconvenience. This +is the case with all the guns, chambered as well as unchambered, +excepting the 8-inch shell-gun of 63 cwt. of patterns earlier than +1851; it is not recommended, however, to practise simultaneous loading +with guns of higher calibre, such as IX-inch and upwards, as nothing +will be gained by it in point of time. + +To prevent the shot from rolling on the tie of the cartridge and +jamming it, the end of the cartridge-bag, outside of the tie, should +be shortened as much as security will permit, unless it has been +specially prepared for this use, by stitching back the end in the form +of a cockade. + +With the view of affording the Loader a certain and independent means +of knowing when the whole load is really home, the handle of the +rammer should have a mark upon it, easily distinguishable either by +day or night, and this should be suited to the "ordinary firing" +charge of powder, due allowance being made for the others. + + +COMMAND. + +"LOAD IN ONE MOTION!" + +239. The Loader receives the cartridge and puts it in the gun, as +already described; he also receives the shell or shot and wad and +introduces them accordingly. + +As soon as the whole charge has been introduced, the Sponger and +Loader together thrust it down smartly with the rammer, as in ordinary +loading. When home, the men run the gun out as quickly as possible; +the Captain of the gun clears the vent, primes in running out, points +and fires in the usual manner, but as rapidly as is consistent with a +good aim, taking care that the muzzle is clear of the port-sill, and +on lower decks that the port is triced up clear of the explosion. + + +SHIFTING BREECHINGS IN ACTION. + +COMMAND. + +"SPONGE, LOAD, AND SHIFT BREECHING!" + +240. Supposing the gun's crew to be reduced to six men and the +Powder-boy, that being the least number required to perform the +evolution, and the gun to be discharged and run in. The Captain hauls +taut the train-tackle and chokes the luff, and the Loader and Sponger +place the chocking-quoins forward of the front trucks, and proceed to +sponge and load the gun in the usual manner. The 2d Sponger and 2d +Loader haul taut side-tackles and choke luffs, or, if rolling deep, +hitch the falls round the straps of the blocks, and then unshackle the +old breeching and shackle the new, which is to be brought to the gun +by the 2d Captain. + +The Captain removes the old breeching from, and places and secures the +bight of the new one in the jaws of the cascabel, after the gun is +sponged. The 2d Captain passes the old breeching amidships, and the +men resume their usual duties at the gun. + +When there are more than six men at the gun, the 2d Sponger and 2d +Loader, after securing the side-tackle falls, will assist to load the +gun, and the additional men will assist in unshackling the old and +shackling the new breeching, but one of these will do all the duties +just assigned to the 1st Captain, so as not to interfere with his +ordinary duties in loading. + + +SHIFTING TRUCKS. + +241. The operation of shifting a truck can only be required when the +gun is "run in" after firing. At the order to shift any one of the +trucks that may be designated: + +With the MARSILLY CARRIAGE.--Heave up with the roller handspike under +the end of the bracket on the side on which the truck is to be +removed; handspikemen pass inside the breeching and place their +handspikes under the axletree as near the truck as possible, and, +assisted by 5 and 6, lift the gun while the shellman removes the old +truck and side-tackleman puts on new one. + +With the ORDINARY CARRIAGE.--To shift a rear truck, handspikemen lift +under the rear axletree. To shift a front truck the rear truck on the +opposite side should first be taken off, then handspikemen lift under +the fore axletree. + +[Illustration: SIDE ELEVATION OF XI-INCH GUN CARRIAGE AND SLIDE D. Van +Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: SECTIONAL VIEW OF XI INCH GUN CARRIAGE AND SLIDE D. Van +Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: PLAN OF XI INCH GUN CARRIAGE AND SLIDE D. Van Nostrand +Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: PLAN OF SLIDE FOR XI-INCH GUN CARRIAGE D. Van Nostrand +Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + + +EXERCISE OF PIVOT-GUNS. + +XI-INCH SHELL-GUN + +(_As an example._) + +242. Arranged to traverse on circles fitted with Bossed Sockets for +pivoting, and with clevis-bolts and sockets for housing. + +EQUIPMENTS AND IMPLEMENTS. + +---------------------------------------------------------------------- +ARTICLES FOR EACH GUN. | WHERE THEY ARE TO BE PUT + | WHEN THE GUN IS SECURED. +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------- +Carriage and slide complete, with | In place. + elevating screw and pivot-bolts | +Two front roller levers |} +Two rear do. |} Becketed to brackets. +Two levers for training and |} + shifting trucks |} +Two in-tackles | Hooked in place. +Two out-tackles | Do. do. +Two shifting-tackles | Made up on slide. +Two training-tackles | Do. do. +Breeching | In place. +Preventer | Do. +Lashings for securing gun | Do. +Tompion, with wad and lanyard | Do. +Sponge and cap |} Becketed to beams between decks, +Rammer |} or inside the brackets. +A pot of oil or prepared grease | Breast of carriage. + for rifle cannon | +Lock, with string |} In place. +Vent-plug |} +Lock-cover and strap | In place on gun. +Breech-sight and cover | Do. do. +Reinforce-sight and cover | Do. do. +Trunnion-sight | In box between decks. +Priming-wires | Inside brackets +Boring-bits | Inside brackets +Water-buckets and large swab | Hold, until wanted. +Hand-swabs | Breast of carriage. +Selvagee-wads | Do. do. +Battle-axes, as allowed (Art. 101) | On breast-transom. +Two transporting axles and trucks | In storeroom, at hand. +One shell in box | On slide. +Shell-bearer | Do. +Rail transom-chocks[9] | Under rails. +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------- + + +STATIONS AND GUN-NUMBERS. + +243. The following are to be the gun-numbers and stations for a gun's +crew of twenty-five, including the Powderman, the XI-inch shell-gun +being taken as an example: + ++------------------------+-------------+---------------------------+ +| | | | +| LEFT SIDE. | GUN-NOS. | RIGHT SIDE. | ++------------------------+-------------+---------------------------+ +| | | | | +| First Loader | 3 | 4 | First Sponger. | +| Second Loader | 5 | 6 | Second Sponger. | +| First Shellman | 7 | 8 | Second Shellman. | +| First Front-Leverman | 9 | 10 | Second Front-Leverman. | +| First Compressman | 13 | 14 | Second Compressman. | +| First Rear-Leverman | 11 | 12 | Second Rear-Leverman. | +| | | | | +| | {17 | 18} | | +| Tacklemen | {19 | 20} | Tacklemen. | +| | {21 | 22} | | +| | {23 | 24} | | +| | | | | +| First Train-Leverman | 15 | 16 | Second Train-Leverman. | +| First Captain | 1 | 2 | Second Captain. | +| Powderman | 25 | | | ++------------------------+------+------+---------------------------+ + +To reduce from 24 men and Powderman to 20, omit four highest numbers. + +To reduce from 20 men and Powderman to 16 men and Powderman, omit four +next highest numbers. + +To reduce from 16 men and Powderman to 12 men and Powder-boy, omit +four highest numbers; 7, 9, and 10 become Pikemen, 11 and 12 +Compressmen and Train-Levermen, in addition to other duties. + +To reduce from 12 men and boy to 10 men and boy, omit two highest +numbers; 5 becomes Pikeman, 7 becomes Fireman, 9 and 10 Compressor and +Train-Levermen, in addition to other duties. + + +EXERCISE FOR HEAVY GUNS + +MOUNTED ON PIVOT-CARRIAGES. + +XI-INCH SHELL-GUN. (_As an example._) + +244. The gun is supposed to be secured amidships, fore and aft, over +the housing pivot, and not loaded. + +The exercise will proceed in conformity to the following words of +command, viz.: + + I. "SILENCE! CAST LOOSE AND PROVIDE!" + + II. "RUN IN!" + + III. "SHIFT PIVOT!" (TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT!) + + IV. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + + V. "LOAD!" + + VI. "RUN OUT!" + + VII. "PRIME!" + + VIII. "POINT!" + + IX. "READY--FIRE!" + + X. "SHIFT TO HOUSING-PIVOT, AND SECURE!" + +_N.B.--It is always to be understood that when any of their respective +duties under one command are executed, the men will at once proceed to +prepare for those which follow next in order. The exercise must be +considered as a whole, though the details are necessarily divided +under the several words of command._ + + +EXERCISE OF PIVOT XI-IN. CANNON. + +GUN SECURED FOR SEA AMIDSHIPS. + +I. "SILENCE! CAST LOOSE AND PROVIDE!" + +245. No. 1, Commands; sees his gun cleared and cast loose; circles +cleared and swept; tackles hooked; levers shipped; lock and sights in +place; elevating apparatus, pivot-bolts, and compressors in working +order; takes off lock-cover and hands it to 23, who lays it clear of +circle: provides himself with waist-belt and primers, priming-wire, +boring-bit, and thumbstall; and sees that all the gear and implements +are ready for use, and the men at their respective stations. + +No. 2, Takes off sight-covers and hands them to 22, who lays them +clear of circle; removes rail-chocks and assists in casting loose. He +provides waist-belt and primers, and sees that the men on his side of +the gun execute promptly their several duties. + + +CAST LOOSE. + +(Diagram No. 1.) + +Clear away the Bulwarks 15.16.17.18.23.24. +Lashings of Gun--Adrift 3.4.11.12. + In-Tackles--Cast loose 15.16. + Out-Tackles--Cast loose 13.14. +Training-Tackles--Cast loose 19.20.21.22.23.24. + IMPLEMENTS QR. GUNNER. + Powder 25. +Shells, Shell-Ladle, &c. 7.8. + Sponge } + Rammer } Take down 5.6. +Front Carriage-Levers, Ship[10] 9.10. +Rear Carriage-Levers--Ship 11.12. +Slide-Levers--Ship forward 15.16. +Sight-Covers--Take off. 2d Capt. and hands to 22. +Buckets of Water[11]--Fill; } +Wet Swabs--Bring. } 5.6. +Outer Tackles hook as } to Deck 21.22. + Shifting-Tackles } to Slide 23.24. +Inner Tackle[12] hook { to Deck 17.18. + { to Slide 19.20. +Attend Compressors 13.14. +Man In-Tackle { 11.15.17.19.21.23. + { 12.16.18.20.22.24. +Man Carriage-Levers { Front. 9.10. + { Rear. 11.12. + +[Illustration: STATIONS BEFORE CASTING LOOSE [Diagram No. 1.] D. Van +Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: STAND BY TO RUN IN [Diagram No. 2.] D. Van Nostrand +Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + + +246. STAND BY TO RUN IN. + +(Diagram No. 2.) + +Ease Compressors[13] and go to In-Tackles 13.14. +Up Carriage-Levers[14] { Front. 3.9. and 4.10. + { Rear. 11.12. +Tend Out-Tackles 5.6. + + +II. "RUN IN!"[15] + +Haul on In-Tackles { 11.13.15.17.19.21.23. + { 12.14.16.18.20.22.24. +Out-Tackle block--Unhook from Slide, + to leave room for hooking Inner Shifting-Tackle 5.6 +Down Carriage-Levers { Front. 3.9. and 4.10. + { Rear. 11.12. +Tauten Compressors 13.14. + +247. STAND BY TO PIVOT. + +(Diagram No. 3.) + +Draw Fore Pivot-Bolt 3.4. +Up Shifting Slide-Levers 15.16. + { 3.11.5.9.13.15.17.19.21.23. + { | | | | +Man Outer Shifting-Tackle { or or or or + { | | | | + { 4.12.6.10.14.16.18.20.22.24. +Attend opposite Outer Shifting-Tackle 19.3. or 20.4. +Stand by to hook Inner Tackle, + when the Outer Shifting-Tackle is a-block 17 or 18. + + +III. "PIVOT TO RIGHT OR LEFT!" + +(Diagram No. 3.) + + { 3.11.5.9.13.15.17.19.21.23.[A] + { | | | | +Haul on--Outer Shifting-Tackle[16] { or or or or + { | | | | + { 4.12.6.10.14.16.18.20.22.24. +Ease away opposite Shifting-Tackle 19.3 or 20.4. +Hook to Slide, Inner Tackle and Haul Taut 17. or 18. +Unhook Outer Shifting-Tackles 21.22.23.24. +In Fore Pivot-Bolt 3. or 4. +Shift Inner Tackles as { To rear of Slide 19.20. + Train-Tackles { To Deck 17.18. +Down Shifting Slide-Levers, unship them and + ship them on Rear Slide Training-Trucks[17] 15.16. +Hook Out-Tackle Block to Slide 5.6. + Take stations for next order--which, if the gun is loaded, will be +"Run Out;" if not loaded, will be "Sponge."[18] +When the Gun is Run Out-- + Shackle Breeching[19] 3.13.--4.14. + Draw the Rear Pivot-Bolt 2. + +Note A: Other numbers may be called to assist, if needed. + +[Illustration: STAND BY TO PIVOT STARBOARD [Diagram No. 3.] D. Van +Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: SPONGE-LOAD [Diagram No. 4.] D. Van Nostrand Publisher. +Julius Bien, pr.] + + +IV. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + +(Diagram No. 4.) + +248. No. 4 is to receive the moist sponge from No. 6, right hand over, +left under, to send it home, and, assisted by No. 3, to press it to +the bottom of the Bore, then to turn it around two or three times from +left to right, in the direction that the worm may take,[20] withdraw +it, strike the staff several smart taps under the muzzle, then return +it to No. 6, who will receive it and lay it down;[21] the Gun Captain +serves, then stops the Vent,[22] and as soon as the sponge has been +withdrawn, serves the Vent with his priming-wire and again stops it. + +This being done-- + +No. 20 hands the Rammer to No. 4 as soon as the latter has been +relieved of the Sponge by No. 6. Should No. 4 observe that the Gun +Captain has neglected to serve the Vent, he is to call his attention +to it. + +No. 3 stands ready with the Powder which he has taken from No. 5, to +whom it was passed by No. 25. + +Nos. 7, 8, open the Shell-Box, disengage[23] the Shell, and place it +in the Ladle, in readiness to pass to Nos. 3 and 5. (Special drill.) + + +V. "LOAD!" + +(Diagram No. 4.) + +249. No. 3 places the charge in the muzzle, seam from the Vent,[24] +small end in, and pushes it well into the Bore. + +No. 4, who stands ready with the Rammer, enters it into the muzzle, +and pushes the charge home steadily, until the mark on the Rammer +handle shows the charge to be in place.[25] No. 3 assists with one +hand, and the charge is on no account to be struck.[26] + +Whilst No. 4 withdraws the Rammer, Nos. 7, 8 each take a handle of the +Ladle, lift up the Shell,[27] and, assisted by No. 5, pass it on to +Nos. 3 and 4, who enter the shell into the muzzle, sabot first and +Fuze out, as soon as the Rammer is clear of the muzzle. + +As the Shell lies just fair with the muzzle, No. 3 removes the cap +from Fuze,[28] which is passed along to the Gun Captain, and pushes +the Shell into the Bore. + +No. 4 enters the Rammer, and, assisted by No. 3, pushes in the shell +until the mark on the handle shows it to be in place. It is most +strictly forbidden to strike the shell with the Rammer.[29] + +No. 6 takes the Rammer from No. 4 and lays it down, or lodges it +overhead on the hooks. Whilst this has been doing, the preparation for +the next order is to go on.[30] Nos. 13, 14 ease compressors, if no +motion. If there is, they stand ready to ease at next order. The +Out-Tackles are manned by Nos. 19, 21, 23, 17, 15, 11, 13, and 20, 22, +24, 18, 16, 12, 14. The Inner Tackles tended by No. 2 and Qr. Gunner. +The Front Carriage-Levers grasped by 3, 9, and 4, 10. The Rear by 11, +12 + +[Illustration: RUN-OUT TO LEEWARD [Diagram No. 5.] D. Van Nostrand +Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + + +VI. "RUN OUT!" + +(Diagram No. 5.) + +250. The mode of executing this order will vary with circumstances--by +the gun being to windward or to leeward, and by the nature of the +rolling motion. + +To leeward, and with much motion, the tendency is to go out with +dangerous violence.[31] + +Therefore, Nos. 5, 19, 21, 23, 17, 15, 13, and 6, 20, 22, 24, 18, 16, +14, haul cautiously on the Out-Tackles, the Qr. Gunner and No. 2, +assisted by 15, 16, holding well back on the In-Tackles with a turn +caught; 13, 14 ease the compressors; Nos. 3, 9, and 4, 10 heave up the +Front Carriage-Levers; Nos. 11, 12 keep down the Rear Carriage-Levers, +unless it is seen that they are necessary. + +In running out to windward[32] the compressors may be eased at once, +the In-Tackles slacked, the Carriage hove up on its trucks, and the +gun run out by the Out-Tacklemen, assisted by any of the numbers not +employed in other duties. When out, the Carriage-Levers are let down +promptly and unshipped. The compressors are set[33] and Rear +Slide-Lever shipped. + + +VII. "PRIME!" + +(Diagram No. 6.) + +251. The Gun Captain again makes sure that the Vent is clear,[34] and +in so doing lets his wire down quickly into the charge.[35] If all is +right, he inserts a primer. + +If the Slide-Levers have not been shipped, or have been unshipped, +they must now be put on the axles of the Rear Slide-Trucks--15, 16. + +The Rear Train-Tackles will be manned by + + Nos. { 13.15.17.19.21.23.5. + { 14.16.18.20.22.24.6. + + +VIII. "POINT!" + +252. The Gun Captain adjusts or verifies the Sliding-Bar of the Rear +sight to the desired range,[36] and steps off the slide directly to +the rear, lock-lanyard in hand. The 2d Captain takes hold of the +Elevating screw,[37] 15, 16 heave up the levers of Rear Slide-Trucks, +and the Training-Tackles are manned by + +Nos. { 13.15.17.19.21.23.5. + { 14.16.18.20.22.24.6. + (Right or Left.) + +[Illustration: PRIME-POINT-FIRE [Diagram No. 6.] D. Van Nostrand +Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + + +IX. "READY--FIRE!" + +253. The Gun Captain, with lock-lanyard just taut and his eye ranging +over the sights, but kept well down to the bottom of the notch in head +of sliding-bar, and over the point of middle sight, awaits these being +brought into coincidence by the roll with the object, which is always +the WATER-LINE--the Slide being trained constantly as desired by voice +or sign.[38] + +When sure of his aim, the Gun Captain draws the lock-lanyard promptly +and firmly. + +If the primer miss, the 2d Captain removes it, clears the vent, and +puts in a fresh primer. + +If the gun, when fired, does not come into its place for loading, ship +Carriage-Levers, heave up, and run in by the In-Tackles to a taut +breeching. + +Down all levers and set Compressors. + +If the firing or exercise is to continue, the next order is "Sponge." + +If not, unshackle the breeching, then--Run in, back to rear hurter for +pivoting--"Stand by to Pivot"--"Pivot to right or left;" when +amidships--In Pivot-Bolt--"Run out," and secure for sea. + + +X. "SHIFT TO HOUSING-PIVOT, AND SECURE!" + +254. The gun is brought into the housing position amidships and +pivoted to the socket farthest from the extremity of the vessel, and +run out. + +No. 1 puts in the vent-plug, wipes and lays the hammer in place and +the lock-string around it, then puts on the lock-cover; sees his gun +properly secured, and the implements and spare articles returned to +their places. + +No. 2 levels the gun and wipes off and re-lacquers rear pivot-bolt and +elevating screw; puts on sight-aprons; puts in rail-chocks and assists +in securing lashings and breeching. + +Loaders put in the tompion and on muzzle-bag, and wipe off and +re-lacquer the front pivot-bolt. + +Spongers return rammer and sponge to place, and assist in securing +lashings and breeching. + +Levermen wipe off and re-lacquer their respective levers and +eccentrics, secure levers in place, and assist in securing the gun. + +Compressormen wipe off, re-lacquer, and tighten the compressors, and +assist Carpenter in replacing and securing bulwarks. + +Shellmen return shells, empty boxes, and shell-bearer to their places, +and assist in securing bulwarks. + +Powderman returns spare powder and passing-box to the magazine. + +Tacklemen tighten and secure "in" and "out tackles," and make up and +stow "shifting" and "training tackles" on the slide; ship the +clevis-bolts, pass and tighten the gun-lashings, and assist in +replacing bulwarks. + +The men who provide implements and spare articles return them to their +places. + + +TRANSPORTING PIVOT-GUNS FROM ONE END OF A VESSEL TO THE OTHER. + +255. The gun must be pivoted and trained so as to bring its muzzle +towards the direction in which it is to be transported, the +transporting-trucks shipped and secured to their axles, the +chocking-quoins placed, the training-trucks thrown out of action, the +compressors brought to bear to confine the gun near the middle of the +slide, some of the tackles hooked for dragging, and others, with +capstan-bars, for guiding and steadying it. The pivot-bolts are to be +removed, and the gun's crew, aided by others if required, transport it +to the desired position at the other end of the vessel. The slide is +then brought over and pivoted upon a fighting or outer centre, the +transporting-trucks removed, and the training-trucks brought into +action. When the implements for working and loading the gun are +brought to it, it will then be ready for action. + +When the forward and after slides are of different lengths, and the +traversing circles of different diameters, the longest slide will be +fitted with an additional rear pivot-hole and plate, to correspond +with the smaller circle, in order that the gun may be worked from the +midship pivot-bolt and shifted to the different fighting centres or +pivot-bolts of the smaller circle. + +Thus, when only one pivot-gun is mounted forward and one aft, and when +they can both be brought to bear from only one end of the vessel, the +force may be doubled at that extremity by pivoting one gun on each bow +or quarter, as the case may be. + +For heavy guns this is practicable in smooth water only. + +Arrangements are made for shifting the broadside-guns both to the bow +and stern, in aid of the pivot-guns, when the distance of the enemy is +not too great. When the stern gun is pivoted over the rudder, one of +the broadside-guns may be worked on each side of it, in firing right +aft. Guns mounted on pivot-carriages may be fought upon the rear +pivot, on the common or shifting centre, and fired from any point of +the traversing or shifting circle, if the elevation be such as will +not endanger the decks. In this case the training must be done with +the gun run in over the rear pivot, as after it is run out the +training will be difficult, and the helm must be relied on to bring +the gun on with the object. + +Guns should never be transported about the deck of a ship when +loaded. + + +NOTES UPON THE MANUAL EXERCISE. + +FOURTH COMMAND. + +"SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + +_"The Gun Captain-serves, then stops the vent!"_ + +256. A difference of opinion being entertained among artillerists with +regard to the utility of stopping the vent, the continuance of the +practice, as directed in the text, is recommended. + +The thumbstall has been made of various materials, but its use is +somewhat inconvenient for the Gun Captain, and he cannot feel that the +vent is stopped. At the Experimental Battery of the Ordnance Yard the +naked thumb is used, and experience shows that the gun is never so hot +as to occasion the least inconvenience, except with howitzers. + +257. It has been the uniform practice at the Experimental Battery at +the Ordnance Yard, Washington, and also on board the Gunnery Ship +_Plymouth_, in 1857-'58, to use a moist sponge; and as no accident +from premature explosion has taken place in either case, the inference +is that the method is a safe one, and might obviate other precautions, +especially where reloading is necessary, as in firing salutes, when, +there being no shot over the cartridge, it is imperfectly consumed. + +258. "Strikes the staff several smart taps under the muzzle!" to shake +off any adhering fragments of the cartridge. Should any burning +fragments be drawn out, the Loader extinguishes them with the wet +swab; the Gun Captain again commands "Sponge." + +259. Gun Captain "serves the vent with his priming-wire!" If at any +time he should find the vent obstructed, and be unable to clear it +with the priming-wire or boring-bit, he will at once report to the +officer of division, who will order the vent-punch used; or, if this +should fail, have recourse to the vent-drill and brace in charge of +the Quarter Gunner. The boring-bit, vent-punch, and drills should be +used with caution, as, being of steel, they are liable to be broken +off in the vent and thus effectually spike the gun. After clearing the +vent the bore should be sponged. + +260. Spongers and Loaders are to be careful to keep their bodies as +much within the port as practicable, otherwise at close quarters they +will be picked off by musketry. + + +FIFTH COMMAND. + +"LOAD!" + +"_No. 3 removes cap from fuze!_"[39] + +261. The cap is never to be removed until the shell has been entered +in the gun. With high elevations, or when rolling, care should be +taken that the shell does not slip down the bore before this is done. + +The cap or patch is removed by taking hold of the lug with the +forefinger and thumb, first raising it a little, and without twisting; +a pull readily removes it. The patch is passed to the Gun Captain, as +an evidence that the priming has been exposed; the patches to be +preserved and accounted for at the end of the firing. + +262. The Loader must be careful not to touch the fuze composition with +his fingers, for fear of injuring it by moisture. Where the firing is +not hurried it is advisable to raise the priming of the fuze, to +insure its ignition. All of these details should be carefully +explained to the crew. + +263. No wad is required over a shell, but a selvagee wad may be used +in heavy rolling. + +264. When loading with shot a selvagee wad is placed over it. A +part--half or a third--of a selvagee wad, is equally efficient in +holding the shot in place. + +265. Shells should be used against Ships at all distances where the +penetration would be sufficient to lodge them. They are of no service +in breaching solid stone walls, but are very effective against +earthworks, ordinary buildings, and for bombarding. For these purposes +a good percussion or concussion fuze is desirable, but no reliable +fuzes of these kinds have as yet been devised. + +266. Solid shot should only be used when great accuracy, at very long +range, and penetration are required. + +267. If, in loading, a shot or shell jams in the bore, no attempt +should be made to force it down, but it should be withdrawn. This may +be done with the ladle, by depressing and striking the muzzle against +the lower sill of the port, or by running the gun out hard against the +side at extreme depression. + +268. A gun is not to be loaded with more than a single shot at once, +without the express sanction of the Captain, and never with more than +a single shell. Solid shot are not to be fired from shell-guns +without a direct order from the Captain. + +269. Experiments show that firing two loaded shells together should +never be practised. With quite reduced charges [of from 1/8th to +1/12th the weight of the single shell], of 88 loaded shells thus +fired, 25 were broken and 48 did not explode, and some of the +remainder were exploded too soon by the shock of discharge. Of 50 +unloaded 8-inch shells, fired two at the same time, with 6 lbs. of +powder, only one was broken by the shock of the discharge. This +difference between loaded and empty shells is accounted for by the +fact that a small hole is generally broken into the outer shell, +through which its charge is ignited. _See_ p. 13, Report of Admiral +Farragut, dated August 31, 1853, on experiments made at Old Point +Comfort. + +270. In loading with a shell, the most exact attention is required to +all the precautions relating to the position of the fuze and the mode +of setting home the shell. The Loader is to be specially instructed +that unless the leaden patch is stripped off, to expose the priming, +the fuze will not ignite, and consequently the shell cannot explode. + +271. Grape-shot have not sufficient penetration to be used with +effect, generally, against ships-of-war beyond 150 yards. When the men +on the spar-decks of the enemy are exposed, by the heeling of the +ship, grape or canister may be used against them, at distances varying +from 200 to 300 yards. Against light vessels, a single stand of grape +from heavy guns may be used at about 400 yards. The dispersion of the +balls is about one-tenth the distance, and is practically independent +of the charge. + +272. The XI-inch gun, at 10 deg. elevation, gives for the mass of grape or +canister a range of about 1,300 yards; the spread about 10 deg.. They may +therefore be used with great effect against boats or exposed bodies of +men. + +273. A stand of grape is not to be used with any other projectile. + +274. Canister or case-shot, prepared for immediate use, are supplied +for all guns, including boat and field howitzers, and are effective at +short distances against boats or exposed bodies of men; they may be +used also, under favorable circumstances, against the tops of an +enemy. + +275. Shrapnel-shell or spherical case-shot is intended to exceed the +range of canister, and is to be used only under the same +circumstances, but at an increased distance. Canister is more +effective at from 250 yards with the 12-pdr. howitzer, to 400 yards +with the XI-inch; but beyond those distances shrapnel should be used +up to 900 yards for the 12-pdr., and 1,500 with the XI-inch. A +well-delivered shrapnel-shell from a heavy gun must sweep away the +crew of a pivot or other gun, on a spar-deck not protected by +bulwarks. The 'distant firing' charge is always to be used with +shrapnel. + + +SEVENTH COMMAND. + +"PRIME!" + +"_He inserts a primer and turns the hammer down upon it._" + +276. To prevent the primer from being blown out of the vent by the +blast of the next gun, as occasionally happens on light-covered decks. + +With guns of the old pattern this cannot be done, because, if turned +down, it would interfere with the aim. + +277. It is essential that the head of the primer shall be placed flat +and pressed close upon the vent, that the hammer may strike it fairly. +The tip of shellac, by which the lower end of the tube is sealed, +occasionally obstructs the jet of flame so as to split the tube. In +this case the flame is dispersed laterally, and fails to ignite the +charge; it is therefore a good precaution to pinch the end of the tube +before putting it into the vent.[40] + +278. The tubes of all the primers are carefully gauged before issuing +them for service; but such as, from any cause, become so much enlarged +as not to go easily into the vent, should be rejected without +attempting to force them down. + +It will occasionally happen, either from carelessness or inattention +to the instructions given for the proper manner of pulling the +lock-string, that the head of the primer will be crushed without +exploding it. Frequently a second and stronger pull will have the +desired effect, if the fulminate has not been dispersed; in case, +however, this attempt should prove unsuccessful, the tube of the +primer should be drawn out, if possible, before using the priming-wire +to clear the vent. + +279. In case either lock or primer should entirely fail, recourse will +be had to the friction-primers or to the spur-tubes. In using the +first, the Captain of the gun, after taking the primer from the box, +will raise up the twisted wire-loop until it is on a line with the +spur; place the tube in the vent with the spur towards the muzzle of +the gun, and so that this spur will rest on the lock-piece; then hook +the lanyard into the raised loop, and pull it, when otherwise ready to +fire the gun, as though it were a lock-string, using, however, a less +degree of force. The lanyard may be hooked to the loop before the tube +is put into the vent. When the spur-tubes are used, the Gun Captain +exposes the priming and the 2d Captain applies the match. + +280. The men should be practised at unloaded guns, in placing the +primers, both percussion and friction, properly, and in pulling the +lock-string so as to insure their explosion, until this very essential +knowledge and skill have been perfectly attained. + + +EIGHTH COMMAND. + +"POINT!" + +"_His eye ranging over the sights!_" + +281. The Gun Captain gives the necessary order, "Right" or "Left," +"Raise" or "Lower," by voice or sign. He alone should speak, giving +his orders in a sharp, clear tone, but not louder than necessary for +his own crew to hear him. + +282. He should make use of the following signs to assist in making +himself understood, which, when the crew become well drilled, are +sufficient without the verbal orders. + +IN POINTING.--He should move the left hand, held vertically, to the +right or left, according as he wishes the right or left tackle hauled +upon. + +IN ELEVATING.--He should move the hand, held horizontally, up or down, +according as he wishes the breech raised or lowered. + +283. Officers of divisions, while instructing the men in aiming, +should be particular in impressing upon their minds the necessity of +bringing the eye to an exact level with the bottom of the sight-notch, +as otherwise they will fire too high. + +284. In lateral training, when the direction of the gun is frequently +changed by the coming up or falling off of the ship, or when the +position of the object to be fired at is rapidly changing by passing +in opposite directions, or from other causes, it is better to train a +little beyond, and then watch the proper moment for firing, instead of +endeavoring to train at once directly on the object. + +285. The lateral training, or pointing, when considerable, should +always precede the elevation; because, the jarring of the gun is apt +to alter the elevation. + +286. "If roller handspike is not used in training." A great difference +of opinion exists on this point. The use of the roller handspike +somewhat facilitates extreme train, but the gun cannot be fired until +it is unshipped, which alters the elevation and consumes time. It is +perhaps preferable to use one handspike under the bracket, manned by +two men, and the other to lift and slue the gun, manned by one man, +under the transom. + +287. "Elevate or Depress as directed!" If the carriage is fitted with +a quoin, handspikemen standing between the handspikes and the side of +the ship, place their handspikes on the steps of the carriage and +raise the breech. As soon as the quoin is free, the 2d Captain takes +hold of it with both hands and withdraws the quoin to the full extent; +handspikemen "raise" or "lower" the gun slowly and steadily. When the +proper elevation is given, the Gun Captain gives the word "Well!" and +the 2d Captain forces the quoin tight under the breech, giving the +word "Down!" + +288. To facilitate the operation of pointing guns according to the +distance of the object aimed at, sights are prepared and fitted to +each gun; and breast-sweeps for all truck-carriages of heavy guns. + +The ordinary sights consist of two pieces of bronze gun-metal, one of +which, called the reinforce-sight, is a fixed point, firmly secured to +the sight-mass, upon the upper surface of the gun between the +trunnions. The heads of the sights should not be bright, otherwise it +interferes with the aim when they are exposed to a bright sun. + +289. The other, or breech-sight, is a square bar or stem, with a head, +in the top of which is a sight-notch. It is set diagonally, so as to +expose two faces to the rear; the rear angle chamfered, to afford a +bearing for the clamp-screw. This bar or stem is made to slide in a +vertical plane, in the sight-box fixed to the breech sight-mass, and +is held at the various elevations for which it is graduated by means +of a thumb-screw. Its length is sufficient for all the elevation which +can be given--about 5 deg.--before the muzzle appears above the front +sight, after which a long wooden sight must be used, graduated for the +whole length of the gun, using the notch in the muzzle. + +The bar or stem of the sight has lines across its faces denoting for +all the old guns degrees of elevation, each of which is marked with +the number of yards at which a shot or shell will strike the point +aimed at, when that line is brought to a level with the top of the +sight-box, and the gun is loaded with a specified charge of powder; +for the guns of the new system, the ranges are marked in even hundreds +of yards. + +The uppermost line on the stem marked level is the zero of the other +graduations, and when adjusted to the level of the top of the +sight-box, the bottom of the notch in the head of the breech-sight and +the apex of the reinforce-sight show the dispart of the gun. When the +line of sight coincides with these points, it is parallel to the bore, +and when continued to a distant horizon, the gun is laid level or +horizontal. + +Sights should invariably be made so that the level line on the stem +will correspond with the bottom of the head when it rests on the +sight-box, and thus secure a dispart-sight in case of accident to the +screw in the sight-box. + +A white line, one-fourth (.25) of an inch wide, drawn on top of the +gun from the breech-sight to the notch on the swell of the muzzle, has +been found to greatly facilitate the aim. For night-firing a broad +wooden block, painted dead-white, to ship over the reinforce-sight, +leaving 1/4 of an inch of the sight exposed, will assist in preventing +the aim from being too high. + +290. For shot-guns the ranges in yards for one shot with the +distant-firing charge of powder are marked for each degree of +elevation on the right in-board face of the sight-bar; for the +ordinary firing, on the left face. + +291. The gun being placed a certain height above the water, depending +on the class of vessel and the deck on which it is mounted, it is +evident that, when the axis of the bore is horizontal, the shot will +have a range proportionate to this height. This range or distance is +commonly called point-blank, or point-blank range, and is the number +noted in the column marked P.B., or 0 deg., or level in range tables. + +This point-blank, therefore, depends on the class of gun, the charge, +and the height above the water. + +292. A preferable definition of this distance is "range at level." + +293. The aim is always supposed to be directed at the water-line. But, +with the sight-bar at level, if a gun is aimed by it at the water-line +of a vessel at point-blank range, the shot would strike short of the +point aimed at by about one-quarter of the distance; or, if aimed, +under similar conditions, at the upper part of the hull, the shot +would fall a distance below the point aimed at equal to the height of +the gun. + +294. In firing at small objects, particularly boats, within +point-blank range, it is therefore important to attend to this source +of error. It is desirable that all sights should be marked, from 100 +yards to the greatest range, and thus avoid all consideration of +point-blank. + +In fitting new guns, or those upon which the sights require replacing, +the sight-bar will be fitted as described in Article 289, and +graduated from 100 yards downwards. + +For shell-guns the ranges are marked for shells on the sight-bars, in +the same manner as those for the shot of shot-guns. + +295. These sights being each adjusted to a particular gun, and marked +with its class and number, do not, in strictness, admit of being +transferred to other guns, even of the same class. + +296. When used, the stem of the breech-sight must be raised or +lowered, to correspond with the ascertained or estimated distance, in +yards, of the object aimed at, and firmly secured there by the +thumb-screw. Then, if the ship be steady, elevate or depress the gun +until the line of sight from the bottom of the notch of the +breech-sight, the top of the reinforce-sight, and the point to be +struck, will coincide; but if the ship have a rolling motion the gun +must be so laid, after the sight is set for the distance, that this +coincidence may be obtained, if possible, at the most favorable part +of every roll which the ship makes. + +297. The inclination of the line of metal to the axis of the bore +varies in guns of the same class, as well as in those of different +classes. Aiming, therefore, by the line of metal cannot be relied on +for definite ranges; besides that, within those ranges, it is apt to +mislead by giving too much elevation to the piece. Therefore, when the +established sights are not furnished, or have become unserviceable, +wooden dispart-sights lashed on the reinforce should be immediately +substituted. A narrow groove in the upper surface of the wooden sight, +made to coincide with the plane of the line of sight marked on the +gun, will assist the Gun Captain in getting the true direction +quickly. + +Half the difference between the diameters of the gun at the base-ring +and swell of the muzzle, or at any intermediate point on the line of +metal, will give the proper height of the dispart-sight at the point +where the least diameter was taken, to which must be added the height +of the lock-piece above the base-ring, in order to get a line of sight +over it, parallel to the axis of the bore. + +The guns of the Dahlgren pattern are cylindrical for a certain +distance forward of the base-line, always giving a line of sight +parallel to the axis of the bore. + +298. All the new guns are marked on the top of the lock-piece, +base-ring, the reinforce sight-mass, and the swell of the muzzle, by +notches which indicate a vertical plane passing through the axis of +the bore, at right angles to the axis of the trunnions. + +299. Pivot-guns have been supplied with trunnion-sights, designed to +be used when the ordinary sights do not give the required elevation. +This instrument, however, gives but a rude approximation in either +elevation or direction. + +300. The rifled cannon in service have the breech-sight on the side of +the breech and the front sight on the rimbase, which permits the gun +to be accurately aimed and the object kept in view at all elevations. +It is intended in future to apply this arrangement to all cannon +mounted on pivot-carriages. + +301. Various modes have been practised to ascertain at sea the +distance from the object aimed at, so as to regulate the elevation of +guns, but none can be depended upon for giving it with minute +accuracy, and even when obtained it is continually varying; therefore, +when the projectile is seen to exceed or fall short of the object +considerably, the sight-bar must be readjusted accordingly. It thus +becomes, under ordinary circumstances, the best instrument for +approximating distances. In correcting the elevation, however, the +variation of range to the first graze, attributable to eccentricity, +differences of windage, and other causes, must be taken into +consideration, as, under the most favorable circumstances, at the +Experimental Battery of the Ordnance Yard, this variation is found to +equal fifty yards, more or less. + +302. In addition to the errors arising from these sources, we have +also those due to the direction and force of the wind, the movement of +the ship across the line of fire, and to sheering round a pivot when +performing evolutions. + +303. They can be obviated or diminished by the following means: + +1st. Allow the Gun Captain to estimate the distance to windward or to +leeward, right or left, to be allowed for the deflection; or, + +2d. Indicate the number of yards right or left of the object; which, +after all, depends on his estimation of distance. + +3d. Furnish a sight which, in addition to the elevation, allows for +the deviation, and permits the Gun Captain in all cases to aim +directly at the target. + +Such a sight is furnished to the Parrott rifles, and is desirable for +all guns. + +304. In case the ordinary sights should be lost or rendered useless, +tangent firing may be resorted to against ships, by pointing with the +wooden dispart-sight at such part of the ship as the Tables indicate +for the distance, and according to the class of gun in use at the +time. + +A Table of this kind is appended, which has been calculated for the +8-inch and some of the heavier of the 32-pounder guns when loaded with +single shot and distant-firing charges. + +The different classes of sailing ships-of-war, whether of the same or +of different nations, are not of the same length, nor are their masts +of the same height from the deck, or from the water. They, however, +correspond so nearly, for the same class of ships of the same nation, +that calculations made from the angles subtended by the average height +of their masts, will generally give their distance with sufficient +accuracy for general firing. + +Tables are inserted at the end of the book, in which the distances +corresponding to different angles made by the masts of English and +French ships-of-war are shown--from which the intermediate distances +due to other angles may be estimated, and the sights regulated +accordingly, if circumstances should render it desirable. Also an +abridged Table, in which the height of our own mast is used as the +base. + +305. Officers of divisions and Captains of guns should be occasionally +practised in measuring the distances of objects by the eye, at times +when opportunities offer of verifying the accuracy of their estimate +by comparing it with the distance obtained by the foregoing methods, +or any other which will afford the best means of comparison. + +306. Within point-blank range, if the hull of an enemy's vessel is +obscured by smoke or darkness, the aim may be directed by the flashes +of his guns. + +307. Most naval guns are now fitted with elevating screws, passing +through a hole in the cascabel of the Dahlgren system, and for those +of the old system attached to the carriage: but the ordinary beds and +quoins are also still in use; they are arranged to allow the extreme +elevation and depression of the guns which the ports will admit with +safety. When the inner or thick end of the quoin is fair with the end +of the bed in place, the gun is level in the carriage; or horizontal, +when the ship is upright. The degrees of elevation above this level, +which may be given to the gun by drawing out the quoin when laid on +its base, are marked on the side or edge, and those of depression on +the flat part of the quoin, so that when the quoin is turned on its +side for depressing, the marks may be seen. The level mark on the +quoin is to correspond with the end of the bed. When the quoin is +entirely removed, and the breech of the gun rests on the bed, the gun +has its greatest safe elevation; and when the quoin is pushed home on +its side, the gun has the greatest safe depression that the port will +admit. + +Care must be taken that the stop on the quoin is always properly +lodged, to prevent the quoin from flying out or changing its position, +and that the bed is secured to the bed-bolt. + +Porter's bed and quoin has been adopted for all carriages requiring +quoins. This quoin, being graduated to whole degrees, requires a small +additional quoin for slight differences of elevation in smooth water. + +When the elevating screw is used, a quoin should be at hand to place +under the breech of the gun, when at extreme elevation, to relieve the +screw from the shock of the discharge, and prevent a change of the +elevation, as well as to take the place of the screw if it should be +disabled. When the fire is continuous at the same distance, the lever +of the elevating screw should be secured by a lanyard, to prevent the +screw from turning and altering the elevation. + +308. If a greater elevation for broadside-guns should be desired for +any special purpose, it may be obtained by placing inclined planes +behind the rear trucks, for them to recoil over and produce a +corresponding depression of the muzzle of the gun as it comes within +the port. But it will be observed that, beyond the elevation which the +ports will admit of, the sights can no longer be taken by the tangent +or any other top sight, as the upper sill of the port interferes. The +gun must therefore be laid by the quoin and pendulum. + +Additional depression may also be obtained by placing inclined planes +for the front trucks to recoil upon, or by raising the breech by means +of a wooden toggle placed vertically under it. One end of a +tripping-line is fastened to the middle of the toggle, and the other +to the breeching-bolt in the side of the ship; by this arrangement the +toggle is tripped from its place at the commencement of the recoil, +and the muzzle is raised so as to clear the port-sill by the +preponderance of the breech. + + +NINTH COMMAND. + +"READY--FIRE!" + +_"Waits patiently for the coincidence of the sights upon the object."_ + +309. The exact moment for firing, at sea, necessarily varies with +circumstances; but when these are favorable the following general +principles should govern: + +310. When the ship is steady, the gun should be fired when the line of +sight is brought upon the object; but when the ship has much rolling +motion, the moment for firing should be chosen a little before, so +that the shot will probably leave the gun when the roll brings the +line of sight upon the object aimed at. + +When practicable, and too much time will not be lost, it will be best +to fire when the vessel is on the top of a wave and just begins to +roll towards the object. If the loss of time should be found +objectionable, the gun may be fired at any other instant, when +properly pointed, giving a preference, however, to the moment when +rolling towards rather than when rolling from the object, and making +due allowance for the probable change of elevation by the roll of the +ship before the shot leaves the gun. + +311. If, from any cause, the firing should be delayed after the gun +has been pointed, it should be carefully pointed again before the +order to fire is given. + +312. The great object is to fire low enough to strike the hull if the +shot preserve the intended direction, and as a general rule to strike +it near the water-line. + +313. To avoid loss of shot from lateral deviations, it is recommended +to direct all the guns to be pointed to strike somewhere between the +fore and mizzen masts of an enemy; when quite near, the guns of the +forward divisions should be pointed in preference to that part of the +hull about the foremast, and one or two of the after guns at the +rudder, if it should be fairly exposed. + + +REMARKS ON THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF FIRING. + +314. FIRING AT WILL.--By this is meant firing the guns independently +of each other, each Captain of a gun seizing the most favorable +opportunity. This firing should always be used in action--unless +ordered to the contrary--whenever the object is visible, the smoke +from one gun not greatly impeding the firing of another. + +315. FIRING IN SUCCESSION.--By this is meant firing one gun after +another in regular order, commencing from the foremost or after gun, +according as the wind is blowing from aft or forward. This firing may +be used with advantage in the commencement of an action, or whenever a +continuous, steady fire is desired, as the smoke from one gun will not +impede the firing of the next. + +316. QUICK FIRING.--By this is meant rapid firing at will, the +tangent-sight not being raised. This firing should be used only when +close alongside an enemy, as then but little pointing would be +required. + +317. When the guns are laid for the projectile to strike the object +aimed at without grazing between the gun and the object, the firing is +said to be direct. This mode of firing is to be preferred when the +object fired at is so near that the chances of hitting it are very +great, and also when the intervening surface between the gun and +object is so rough or irregular that a projectile striking it would +have its velocity much diminished or destroyed, and its direction +injuriously affected. + +DIRECT FIRING requires a good knowledge of distance, and precision +both of elevation and lateral direction, in order to strike an object +which is comparatively a point. It is always to be preferred when the +distance is accurately known. + +318. When the guns are so laid that the projectile makes numerous +grazes between the gun and the object, and continues its flight, the +firing is denominated ricochet. + +That properly so called is performed at level, or at most at three +degrees of elevation; shot will often ricochet at much greater angles, +but it is not what is meant by ricochet firing. + +RICOCHET FIRING, upon a smooth surface within certain distances, has +some important advantages over direct firing. When the guns have very +little or no elevation, and are near the water, as they are in a +ship's battery, the projectile strikes the water at a very small +angle; its flight is not greatly retarded by the graze, and it rises +but little above the surface in its course. The distant charge should +always be used, but the penetration is not to be depended on beyond +1,500 yards against ships-of-war. + +Ricochet firing at low elevations requires only correct lateral +direction, since the projectile would rarely pass over and would +probably strike a vessel if within its effective range, whether the +actual distance had been correctly ascertained or not. + +The deviation of projectiles is, however, generally increased by +ricochet, and in proportion to the roughness of the surface of the +water. Even a slight ripple will make a perceptible difference not +only in direction, but in range and penetration, and the height to +which the projectile will rise in its bounds. + +Although these facts demand attention, yet when the estimated distance +does not require an elevation of more than three degrees, projectiles +from guns pointed rather too low for direct firing will probably +ricochet and strike the object with effect, even when the water is +considerably rough. This may be called "accidental ricochet." + +When the water is not smooth, the most favorable circumstances for +ricochet firing are when the flight of the shot is with the roll of +the sea, and that roll is long and regular. + +Ricochet will be effective against small objects up to 2,000 yards, +but should not commence at less than 600 yards; at less distances it +is preferable to fire direct. Ricochet is of no value from rifled guns +firing elongated projectiles, as they lose all certainty of direction +on the rebound. + +Upon smooth water, a shot fired horizontally from the 32-pdr. of 33 +cwt., with 4-1/2 lbs. powder, ricocheted and rolled about 3,000 yards; +the greatest range obtained from an elevation of 5 deg., with the same gun +and charge, was less than 1,800 yards. _See_ Dahlgren's Report on +32-pdr. of 32 cwt., p. 90. + +Shot rarely ricochet at all with elevations above 5 deg., and the bounds +are always higher, with equal charges from the same gun, as the +elevation of the gun is increased. + +319. Concentration of fire may be desirable under certain +circumstances; and arrangements have been sometimes made to secure it +by the simultaneous discharge of a number of guns upon some part of an +object whose distance is known. + +The advantages of these arrangements are not very obvious, excepting +in cases where the position of the enemy may be visible from one part +of a ship and not from all the guns in the batteries. + +The object sought to be obtained is therefore to aim from in-board at +an invisible target, the distance and direction of which are indicated +by the Captain. It is consequently necessary that he shall be so +placed as to obtain a distinct view of the enemy, or have suitable +observers to inform him of his exact position. + +320. In general, this sort of fire has been of little efficacy; but by +the aid of a simple implement, readily made on board ship, it is +believed that good results may be obtained, and particularly at night, +when firing from guns on covered decks is now absolutely ineffective. + +It consists of a simple metal or wooden batten, sliding in two beckets +attached to the outer or inner sides of each of the brackets of the +carriage, retained in any position by a thumb-screw. This batten is +graduated by experiment or calculation for either the parallel or +converging fire, for such points on the bow, beam, or quarter, as may +be deemed advisable. + +A small knob is screwed into the inner end of each batten, and a +cod-line provided, with a loop in each end, somewhat longer than the +width across the transom. If, then, one of the battens be drawn out to +the graduation representing the degree of train required, the line +stretched taut from the two knobs and hitched, and guns trained until +this line is parallel to a mark on the deck, or one of the seams of +the deck-plank--if they are parallel to the keel--the guns will all +make the required angle, and may be fired simultaneously or in +succession, as ordered. + +[Illustration] + +321. The principal object in view, therefore, is so to prepare the +training by anticipation, that when the smoke rises, or on sheering +the vessel, the enemy shall be visible to all the Gun Captains at the +same time; giving them the choice to fire at will, or on a given +signal, if simultaneous fire be desired. + +It diminishes the great disadvantages of guns on covered decks, where +the Gun Captains can only with difficulty ascertain the direction of +the enemy; and places the whole battery more completely under the +control of the Commander. + +322. The principal care of the Commander must be to keep his guns +always bearing on the enemy, and never pass the limits of extreme +train for all his guns, unless absolutely necessary in manoeuvring. + +This he must regulate, either by one of the guns in his vicinity, or, +better, by the aid of a bearing-plate, a species of plane-table which +gives the angular bearing of the object. + +323. Concentration of fire upon a particular part of an enemy's vessel +may also be obtained by a general order for the guns to be aimed to +strike that part when visible, leaving the Captains of guns to +determine the proper time for firing, according to circumstances at +the moment. This obviates the objections due to simultaneous firing, +and would generally be equally effective at distances beyond +point-blank. In this, as in all other cases of firing at sea, success +depends mainly upon the skill, judgment, and coolness of the Captains +of the guns. + + +THE USE OF FUZES. + +324. All spherical shells, except those for the 24 and 12 pdr. +howitzer, and all shrapnell, are fitted with the Navy time-fuze. + +This fuze is composed of a composition driven in a paper case, and +then inserted in a metal stock which screws into a bouching fitted to +the shell. + +The composition is covered with a safety-cap, which protects it from +moisture and accidental ignition; also with a water-cap of peculiar +construction, intended to protect the flame from being extinguished on +ricochet. + +A safety-plug at the lower extremity prevents the communication of +fire to the powder in the shell, in the event of the accidental +ignition of the fuze after being uncapped. + +325. It is strictly forbidden to show or explain to foreigners or +others the construction of any fuzes, except so far as may be +necessary for the service of the guns. + +326. These fuzes are of 3-1/2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 seconds time of +burning; which are supposed to offer a sufficient variety for most of +the exigencies of service. There are also supplied paper-case fuzes of +greater length, which, when used, are always to be inserted in metal +stocks. + +All the Navy time-fuzes--paper case as well as metal stock--being +intended for use under a water-cap, burn a longer time in the open +air. + +All shells, unless otherwise ordered, are fitted and issued from the +shell-houses with the 5-seconds fuze, which is to be regarded as the +general working fuze. + +For greater or less distances this fuze may be drawn, and any of the +others substituted. + +The Navy time-fuze is rarely extinguished by several ricochets on +water; and near the end of its flight, when fired direct, frequently +acts by concussion. + +The fuze used should not be of longer time of burning than requisite +to reach the object; the shorter times are of quicker composition, +therefore more certain; also in firing on ricochet the shell may sink +short of the distance necessary for its explosion, and consequently be +supposed to fail. + +327. For special firing, as for example at shore-batteries or masses +of uncovered troops, any of these fuzes may be shortened. To do this, +unscrew the water-cap and back the paper case out from the lower end +with a drift and mallet; cut off from the lower end with a fine saw, +or sharp knife struck with a mallet, the proportional part required, +and insert the upper part in the stock, forcing it down with a few +gentle blows with the drift; screw on the water-cap. It is preferable, +however, when circumstances will admit, to take up such distance as +will correspond with the time of flight of one of the regulation +lengths. When firing against ships or earthworks, the fuze should be a +little longer than necessary, in order to reach the object before +bursting; but a little shorter when firing against boats or masses of +troops, in order to insure its bursting in front of them. + +328. The Bormann fuze is fitted to the 24-pdr. and 12-pdr. howitzer +ammunition, and all shrapnell. It has also been fitted to certain +shells used for special firing. The length of fuze is the limit of the +distance within which this fire is effective. + +This fuze is opened at the required number of seconds, by cutting +close to the right of the mark on the index-plate. The cut should be +made down to the plane of the table, in order to expose the +composition; and is best made at two or three efforts, instead of +trying to effect the cut at once. This fuze should be carefully +explained to the men, as shells have been taken from guns with the cut +made into the priming-magazine, which would explode them at the +muzzle. + +329. There are also on trial for the rifled cannon the percussion and +time fuzes of Schenkl, Hotchkiss, Parrott, and others. + +No reliable percussion or concussion-fuze has as yet been arranged for +spherical shells. + +330. These fuzes will be exhibited and explained by the Ordnance +Officer on the application of Commanders of vessels, who, with the +Executive Officer and Gunner, are enjoined to make themselves +thoroughly acquainted with this most important part of the equipment. + +331. Commanders of vessels will carefully note and report the +efficiency of all fuzes fired in action or exercise; giving the +elevation of the gun, the estimated or measured range, the number +fired, the name of the inventor, whether percussion or time, the +number of failures to explode the shell, premature explosions, and +satisfactory action. Great waste of ammunition is frequently +occasioned by an under-estimate of the distance. + +332. The times of flight and length of fuze for all projectiles, so +far as ascertained at the Experimental Battery at Washington, are +given in the TABLE OF RANGES, Appendix B. + +333. The best effect of a percussion-fuze is obtained by firing into a +mass of timber. They frequently fail if fired into a bank of soft +earth, sand, or other material which does not offer a sufficiently +sudden resistance; also, if fired at high angles of elevation, owing +to the fact that the rifle-shells do not generally strike point +foremost. + +334. Time-fuzes are also very unreliable in rifle-guns; expanding +projectiles cut off the flame from the fuze. + +With the Parrott shell, however, the Navy time-fuze is the most +certain of ignition and regular in its time of burning. The +safety-plug should be removed when the Navy time-fuse is used in +rifled cannon, as recent experiments show that it is a probable cause +of premature explosions of shells. + +In testing the Navy time-fuse by the watch, or michronometer, the +safety-plug must be removed: otherwise the fuze will burn longer than +the time for which it is marked. + + +BOARDERS. + +335. It is not supposed that any directions can be framed which will +entirely provide for all the various circumstances which may require +attention when about to board an enemy, or to repel a similar assault +made by an enemy upon our vessels. + +The following general suggestions are, however, presented for the +consideration of Captains, in order that some degree of uniformity may +be preserved when other more important considerations do not prevent +it. + +336. Upon the signal for Boarders, the divisions called should form on +the gangway of the side which is not engaged, properly armed, and +remain there until ordered elsewhere, provided there be time to make +this disposition of them. In all movements from one part of the ship +to another, cutlasses should be sheathed and pistols in the frogs. The +men of each division should be united as much as possible under their +own officer. Bayonets not fixed until ordered. + + +"PREPARE TO BOARD!" + +(FROM ANY SPECIFIED PART OF THE SHIP.) + +337. The Boarders should repair to the place directed, taking care to +keep themselves down so as not to be seen by the enemy, and form close +to the bulwarks, until the order is given to-- + + +"BOARD THE ENEMY!" + +338. The Boarders should then gain the enemy's deck as quickly as +possible, keeping near enough to each other for mutual support, and to +act in concert against the opposing force, using every possible +exertion to clear the enemy's decks by disabling or driving the men +below. + +In case the intention of boarding should be discovered by the enemy, +and he collects his men to repel the attack, the marines and small-arm +men should take positions where they can best fire upon the men thus +collected; and, if possible, the spar-deck guns loaded with grape, and +howitzers loaded with canister, should be used for the same purpose +before the Boarders are ordered to make the attack. + +So long as the contest is continued after boarding, the fire should be +kept up against the enemy from all the guns with as much vigor as the +number of men remaining at them will allow. + +The guns should then be much depressed, in order that there may be +little or no danger to our own men. Much positive injury may be +inflicted on the enemy in this way, besides the advantages of +dividing his attention at such an important moment. + +If it should be necessary to repel Boarders from the enemy, the +Boarders and Pikemen must be called, and at the order-- + + +"PREPARE TO REPEL BOARDERS!" + +(AT ANY SPECIFIED PART OF THE SHIP.) + +339. The Pikemen should arrange themselves in rear of those armed with +swords, and in situations which will allow them to rest the points of +their pikes on the hammocks or rail, and cover that part of the ship +and the parts where the assault is expected. The marines, with their +muskets loaded and bayonets fixed, may be formed behind the Pikemen, +or at any other place from which their fire on an assailing enemy may +be most effective and least dangerous to our own men. + +340. The moment an enemy commences his assault, the order-- + + +"REPEL BOARDERS!" + +Should be given, and every effort made to prevent his gaining or +retaining any foothold in the ship. + +It will, of course, be important to bring grape and musketry to bear +at once upon the enemy's men when they are assembled for boarding, if +they should be discovered in time. + +The men left at the guns must be watchful that the enemy does not gain +an entrance through ports or quarter-galleries. + +341. In case the enemy should effect a landing on the decks, the pikes +may, from their length and the press of the contending parties, become +less efficient than the swords. Whenever this occurs, the sword must +be brought into full use, as the most efficient weapon for attack or +defence at such close quarters. + +342. The howitzers, mounted on the field-carriage and charged with +canister, should be ready for use in case of the enemy's getting a +footing on the spar-deck. + +343. Unless induced by circumstances to attempt to board the enemy +first, the most favorable opportunity for attack will present itself +when his men have been driven back; and to guard against the +contingency of being repulsed, in all cases where the Boarders are +called to attack the enemy they are to be covered by the marines and +all the available small-arm men on deck. + +344. The men, and especially the Boarders and Pikemen, must be +exercised and encouraged to practise with the single stick and sword, +as far as circumstances will allow. + + +GENERAL PRECAUTIONS +TO BE OBSERVED IN TIME OF WAR. + +345. In time of war, unless otherwise ordered by the Admiral +commanding, every cruiser should at nightfall carefully extinguish all +lights not absolutely necessary, and shade all those that are +indispensable, that they may not be visible from out-board. + +346. The watch on deck shall be mustered at their quarters, and the +guns so far cast loose as the state of the weather will permit. + +347. The officer of the watch shall, on taking the deck, ascertain +that the means of making and answering signals and a competent +signal-man are always at hand. It is his duty to make himself fully +acquainted with all the day and night signals. + +348. Before making night-signals, every light should be extinguished +or covered. + +349. Particular care is required, when it is expedient to conceal the +lights of the ship, to look well to the cabin and wardroom lights. +Ports and air-scuttles there, are more apt to be imperfectly masked or +thrown open heedlessly by servants. + +350. If in company with other vessels, two guns in each broadside must +always be ready for making signals of immediate or urgent necessity. + +351. No vessel cruising shall allow a strange or suspected vessel to +come within gunshot, without the watch being at quarters and ready to +open fire. + +352. It is the duty of the officer of the watch to immediately inform +the Commander of all suspicious movements which he may observe, or +which may be reported to him, and of all unknown vessels or boats that +may appear in sight. + +353. Speed being one of the principal elements of military force, +Steamers will, on going into action, have all the fires lighted and in +condition to make steam. + +The beat to quarters for action is therefore a signal to start fires +in all the furnaces not in operation. + +354. If at anchor singly or in squadron in our own waters, in those of +an ally, or elsewhere within our right to exercise control, and where +liable to an attack by an enemy in any form, no strange or suspicious +vessel must be permitted to be underway between evening gun-fire and +daylight. The nearest vessel must require her to anchor, and send an +armed boat to ascertain her character. + +355. If the Senior Officer opens fire on any vessel, the nearest +vessel in a position to do so will also be prepared to fire to bring +her to, if signalled. All boats to be hailed and ordered alongside to +give the countersign, or to lay off on their oars to be visited by the +guard-boat. + +356. If at anchor in or about an enemy's waters, steam shall be kept +up at night at all times, sufficient to move the vessel at half speed +at least, and the engines moved certainly every hour, or oftener if +necessary, to keep them in a condition for immediate service. In +vessels with single engine, liable to be caught on the centres, means +for turning it off to be kept at hand, and suitable persons stationed +to attend to it. + +357. The cable must be kept ready in every respect for slipping, with +a stopper forward of the bits, and even unshackled, if the weather +will permit, with a steady man stationed to slip or cut as may be +requisite. + +358. Some of the guns, and those such as may be brought most +conveniently to bear upon the probable quarter of attack, must be +loaded with grape and some with canister, and ample supplies for +reloading be kept on deck. Appliances for extreme depression should be +at hand for broadside-guns; a gun here and there depressed extremely. +The Howitzers, on field-carriages, in place, and loaded with canister. +Pikes distributed about the decks ready for use. + +359. Small vessels lying in rivers or sounds, and liable to be +attacked and carried by boarding, will have their boarding-nettings of +wire rope secured at evening quarters; the guns cast loose; the watch +completely armed and on the alert, and every preparation made for +instantly slipping and getting under way and repelling boarders. + +360. At the hail by the look-out of "Boat ahoy," without further +orders or the striking of the bell, the engine should be started +_immediately_, the slip-rope cut, and all boats are to be received +while under way and the crew at quarters. + +361. It is important that the arms of the watch below should be as +accessible as possible, that no confusion may take place in case of +being summoned suddenly. The engineer and watch in the fire and engine +room must always be armed. + +362. On dark, foggy, or hazy nights, no lights should be shown, nor +the bell struck or watch piped to indicate the position of the vessel. + +The look-outs, increased and cautioned to greater vigilance, relieved +at least hourly, and visited by either the Commander or Executive +Officer half hourly. + +363. The safety of small vessels at night requires that they shall be +always either underway, or else in readiness to be got so at the +shortest warning. + +364. If circumstances prevent this, the greater the necessity for +increased precaution and vigilance, and therefore a picket or advice +boat should be kept out in the direction from which attack may be +expected; and, indeed, the resort of picket-boats should be observed +whenever practicable and at all likely to be of service. + +365. In case of sending away a boat that is to return before +sunrise--which is always to be avoided, if possible--a concerted +signal, such as a certain number of flashes of a light, preceded or +followed by the firing of a certain number of muskets, must be made at +the distance from the vessel of about one-half mile, the number to be +agreed upon for each night as the boat leaves the vessel. A +countersign is also to be given; but if not understood by the +look-out, he is to call out "Enemy," at the same time warning the boat +to keep off, at which the vessel will be got underway at once. + +366. The boat must be furnished with suitable and reliable fireworks +or other means for announcing instantly the approach of an enemy, and +no excuse can be taken for a failure on the part of the picket to give +the alarm. The capture of the picket-boat is a minor consideration. + +367. When confident of being able to repel any force, the boat should +return to give timely notice for preparation; and in this case it may +be expedient to be prepared to light up the adjacent waters, to enable +an effective fire to be opened on the enemy from guns and howitzers. + +368. Commanding Officers of vessels situated as described in Art. 359, +are required to practise their crews, by going on deck and hailing, +"Boat ahoy," at least once a week. + +The time taken for the execution of this order to be noted on the log. + +369. In times of anticipated attack from rams or mail-clad vessels +upon a fleet or single ship, it is recommended to load the guns with +maximum charges and solid shot; but where there is doubt of the +character of the assailant, the guns should only be loaded with the +service powder charge having ready at hand shot, shell, shrapnell, +grape, or canister, as the case may demand. + + +DIRECTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE. + +370. In the following directions, no other object is proposed than to +notice some of the more prominent and common preparations which may be +generally made, and the measures to be adopted in vessels on the alarm +of fire. The variety of circumstances under which that danger may be +presented can only be successfully met by properly stationed, +well-trained and disciplined men, judiciously directed by the Captain, +and superintended by officers whose coolness and presence of mind are +proof against every form and degree of danger, which alone will enable +them to adopt and execute the best plans the emergency may require. + +To this end the Captain will, as soon as the crew is organized, cause +a FIRE-BILL to be prepared, adapted to the particular arrangements of +his ship, and in accordance with these Directions, by which the crew +is to be drilled once a week till expert, and after that occasionally. +This fire-bill should, as far as possible, conform to the arrangement +for extinguishing fire during exercise at General Quarters. Much +confusion has been known to arise from requiring different duties from +the same person at Fire Quarters, and in case of fire when at General +Quarters. + +371. Should the alarm of fire be given when the men are not at +Quarters, that alarm of itself is to be considered as a call to +Quarters, and the men must repair to their stations at once. This must +be impressed upon the men by the Division Officers. But the ordinary +call for inspection is to be given as soon as practicable, by way of +enforcing the order. + +The alarm will be given by the sentinel near the bell, by ringing +quickly and loudly successive peals for ten or fifteen seconds, with +short intervals between. + +The bell is to cease, however, as soon as the drum begins to sound the +call to Quarters. + +Should it be deemed necessary to water and provision the boats, +preparatory to lowering them, the drum will beat the usual call for +provisions, when the men stationed for these purposes will promptly +proceed with their duties. In this case the shot shall be drawn or +discharged from the guns, to guard against accidents in leaving the +vessel, should it be impossible to save her. + +372. The Captain will direct the Executive Officer, and such others as +he may deem proper, to visit the place of the fire, and to transmit +reports to him, by officers, of its character and extent, and to +suggest the measures which will most speedily and certainly subdue it, +or prevent its extension. + +373. He will, if at sea, cause the ship to be hove-to, or steered in +such direction as will be least likely to increase the activity of +the fire, or will best enable the men to use the means in their power +for controlling and extinguishing it. + +374. If fire should take place in a ship at anchor in port or harbor, +his attention must be given to prevent the communication of the fire +to other vessels or combustible objects, and to have the cables ready +for slipping, boats ready, and, if advisable, springs prepared to +change the position of the ship, in order to prevent danger to other +vessels. + +375. He will decide whether the magazines and shell-rooms shall be +flooded, and give orders accordingly; whether the hammocks shall be +brought up and stowed; where sentinels shall be placed, and what +disposition shall be made of the sick and prisoners. + +If hammocks are to be brought up, each man not a Fireman, Pumpman, +Hoseman, Axeman, or Smotherer, or belonging to the Carpenter's gang, +or detailed as a Sentinel over boats' falls or spirit-room, will lash +and carry up two hammocks and stow them in the nettings on his way to +Quarters. Blankets, or other woollen materials, when wet, afford an +excellent means of smothering fire, and should be left out by the +party lashing up the hammocks and collected by the Smothering party, +in charge of an officer, whose duty it will be to see them properly +used. + +376. The Officers of the respective divisions will enforce the +strictest observance of orders from those under their command, and +allow no one to leave his station, unless by express orders or +permission. At the same time they will direct the most trustworthy of +their men to perform any particular duty within their divisions which +may tend to check the spreading of the fire, or furnish the means of +extinguishing it. + +377. Officers of gun-deck divisions will be prompt to detach, under +proper officers, men who may be directed for any particular service, +or who may be called from the guns by the calls for Firemen, +Sail-Trimmers, or Boarders. Should the call for Boarders be made in +case of fire, the men will answer it without any other arms than their +swords or battle-axes. Divisional Officers near the main or other +pumps, will cause the men of their divisions to aid in rigging and +working them. The ship's buckets are to be passed up to the pumps, as +soon as possible, by the persons who may be stationed near them, and +these and the fire-buckets and division-tubs filled. The swabs are +also to be got up and thoroughly wetted. + +Division-boxes, and all powder or explosive materials not in the +magazines, must be taken in charge by the Quarter-Gunners and placed +in the safest positions, ready to be thrown overboard if ordered. + +378. The Officer commanding the Powder division will himself deliver +the keys of the magazines, shell-rooms, and water-cocks to the Gunner, +his Mate, and the men stationed at the water-cocks, and see that they +are prepared to flood the magazines, if orders should be given to that +effect; but he must take especial care that the magazines, passages, +and shell-rooms are kept closed until orders to open them are received +from the Captain. + +379. He will also take care that the air-ports are immediately closed, +and all other means adopted for diminishing currents of air, +especially if there should be a hope of confining the fire to the +lower parts of the vessel. + +He will at once have the hose led from the bilge-cock, the cock +turned, and, if the forcing-pump or engine is worked below the +gun-deck, will see it manned and worked by some of the men of his +division. + +380. The Master will cause windsails to be taken down; and, if set, +courses, spanker, and all lower sails hauled close up; head, channel, +and all other pumps which work on upper deck, and fire-engine, if on +deck, to be rigged and worked by the men of his division stationed +nearest to each of them. If practicable, sails, rigging, boats, spars, +and the sides of ship must be kept wet, and every exertion made to +furnish a full supply of water for extinguishing the fire. +Rigging-axes and battle-axes must be ready for use, in case they +should be wanted for any purpose. + +381. The Chief Engineer will detail such Assistant Engineers and men +as may be needed to take charge of steam-pumps, to lead out hose, and +to use such other means of extinguishing the fire as may be ordered or +deemed advisable. If under steam, the main engine will be slowed on +the first alarm of fire, unless otherwise expressly ordered, and the +steam-pumps started. + +382. The Surgeon and his assistants will be in readiness to destroy, +if required, all inflammable fluids, or other medical stores which +would increase the fire; and to superintend the removal, if necessary, +of patients who may be lame or confined to hammocks or cots. + +383. Exercises, by order of the Captain, following false alarms of +fire, known only to him and the Executive Officer to be false at the +time of giving the alarm, may, it is believed, be resorted to with +advantage, especially at night. + +Such alarms furnish the best means of ascertaining practically whether +the necessary preparations for extinguishing fire have been duly +attended to; and what degree of silence, calmness, and promptitude may +be expected from officers and men in repairing to their stations, as +well as in the performance of their duties in a real case of fire. + +False alarms, frequently repeated, may perhaps lead some of the men +to move slowly, under the impression that every alarm given is false, +and merely intended for exercise; and this impression may be +entertained even when a fire has actually taken place. This evil +would, however, be comparatively small, since it will be readily +admitted by any one who has witnessed the effect of a fire upon a crew +at sea, that the great difficulty in such cases is to obtain that +necessary quiet and orderly attendance at Quarters which is essential +to the success of all subsequent measures. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[6] NOTE:--In order not to incumber the text with details, they are +transferred to the "Notes on the Manual Exercise" (Art. 288 to 357), which +are to be carefully studied. Also the notes to Pivot-Gun Exercise. + +[7] See notes on this command and the succeeding one, "LOAD," for further +important details. + +[8] With the nib-blocks the train-tackle cannot be used to assist in +securing the gun, unless a special eye-bolt is placed for this purpose. + +[9] These should always be kept under the centre transom when the carriage +is not in use; also in firing at high angles of elevation to relieve the +rails of the shock. + +[10] When the trucks are to be brought into play, the levers should be +shipped on their axle-squares so as to heave upwards, past the centre, and +rest against the wood of the Carriage or Slide; otherwise they must be +kept in place by hand or by a pin, neither of which entirely secures the +Levers from flying back and doing mischief. If hove down, they are apt to +interfere with the Tackles. + +In order to ship the Levers expeditiously on the proper square, both are +to be marked with a cold chisel. + +The Fore Carriage-Levers require the efforts of two men at each, as the +weight of the gun has most bearing there; each of the other levers is +readily worked by one man. + +[11] Principally to moisten the Sponge, which ought never to be omitted, +as there is nothing so effectual in extinguishing any fragments that might +remain burning in the Bore, and cause accidental explosion in loading, +particularly in blank firing. It is a mistake to suppose that this +practice increases the foulness of the Bore; on the contrary, it prevents +it from hardening and accumulating, as long experience has shown. +Sometimes it is convenient for the Spongers to dip the Sponge alongside, +and they soon acquire the habit. Superfluous moisture is easily gotten rid +of by twirling the Sponge at the handle. + +[12] Were it practicable to hook a tackle so that it would move the gun, +even from amidships to the port, without being shifted, or were it prudent +to leave the gun free while shifting the tackle, there would be no need of +a second tackle. But it is not possible, in pivoting, to exert direct +action for more than the eighth of a circle by one position of a tackle, +and it is absolutely dangerous at sea to leave the Slide unconfined for an +instant. When, therefore, the Outer-Tackle is a-block, the second tackle +must be hooked and set taut. + +[13, 14, & 15] These orders are to be executed in quick succession, so as +to be nearly simultaneous; that is, the compression is first relieved by +backing its lever, upon which the Front-Levermen instantly bring the +carriage on its trucks, and the gun is run back by the In-Tackles, the +Out-Tackles being eased gradually, so as to check any violent movement; +for the trucks, being fitted with friction rollers, allow the heavy piece +to move suddenly and rapidly. + +[16] The pivoting of so heavy a Gun is the most complicated of all the +operations with it, and demands special drill. When done to windward, the +hearty effort of the whole Gun's crew is required, particularly if there +be much crown to the deck and no deck circles; to leeward there is no +difficulty, and the time at sea to pivot from side to side may vary from +four to seven minutes. The advantage of the Pivot-Boss will now appear, as +it secures the coincidence of the hole in Slide with that of the Socket, +and permits the Bolt to be removed out or in easily. Hitherto the +difficulty of doing so without a Boss has caused delay, and contributed +more than any thing else to the objections entertained against such heavy +Ordnance, which have been in nowise obviated by either the Pivot +Shifting-Screws of our own Navy, or the Pivot-Flap of the English Navy. + +[17] Some difference of opinion may arise in regard to the shipping of +these levers before the gun is run out, and they are required for +pointing. To ship them now amounts to having them on the whole time--to +which the only objection is, that if on, before wanted in pointing they +may be in the way of the men; and, on the other hand, if not on, more +attention may be demanded from 15, 16. + +The question will not be material when the men are well drilled. + +[18] The gun being now pivoted to the Port, the Breechings should be +shackled and the rear Pivot-Bolt drawn, in regular order. But neither of +these can be done without running out the gun a few feet. For in order to +pivot with the greatest ease, the carriage had been previously run back on +the Slide to the rear Hurter, so as to bring the weight of the gun as near +as possible to the Rear pivot, the very best position being with the +Trunnions of the Gun just forward of the Rear pivot. The shackling of the +Breeching and the removal of the Bolt are, therefore, deferred until the +Gun has been run out in the subsequent proceedings. + +The Breeching is always to be shackled to the Ship's side--not to the +Slide, which needlessly strains the pivoting, and also causes the shackle +with its appliances to interfere with the working parts at the forward end +of the Slide. + +[19] It is generally expected that the Compressors are to supersede the +necessity for a Breeching. But experience shows that in firing it is +better to rely habitually on the Breeching, and use the Compressors to +assist. Thus, in firing to windward at Sea, the Compressors are always to +be set, but only so hard as may be required to ease the shock on the +Breeching. In firing to leeward, the Compressors are not wanted, except to +secure the gun in its place when in. When the Ship is not steady, but +rolling, the discretion is to be exercised. + +The Preventer, or Inner Breeching, will be found indispensable to avoid +accident when running out to leeward in a sea-way. For with a trained +crew, and all precaution in handling the levers and In-Tackles, there is a +liability to the gun getting away, in which case it moves out with great +violence, and may do serious damage. On one such occasion an XI-in. gun +cracked the stout iron straps of the Compressors, and seemed but just +prevented from freeing itself entirely and going overboard over the +Port-sill. Not being able to replace the Straps, the Compressors were +useless till late in the cruise. Preventer Breechings were then fitted, +and answered so well that the practice was continued at sea as usual. They +now form part of the equipment of all XI-in. guns, and should be just taut +when the gun is out, and the Trucks of the Carriage reach but do not +ascend the curve of the forward Hurter. + +[20] This is to detach from the bottom of the Chamber the fragments of +burnt Flannel that are apt to adhere and solidify. + +[21] This practice encumbers the deck, and interferes materially at times +with the management of the gun. Trial was therefore made on board the +_Plymouth_, where the gun was on a covered deck, of hooks attached to the +beams above, near each piece, in which the Sponges and Rammers were placed +after having been used. The only objection was, that too much time might +be lost in so doing; but after continued trials this was found not to be +the case, when the men had been properly trained. + +[22] Stopping the Vent is omitted by many practised artillerists, as +unnecessary in extinguishing fragments of the cartridges. But as so much +importance has been and still is attached to its performance, and it costs +so little trouble, it seems better to continue the practice, particularly +when so many accidents occur from premature explosion, not only to +untaught and careless people, in saluting on holidays, but also on +shipboard, where they ought not to happen. + +[23] Sometimes the box has been fitted too tightly to the Shell, or has +contracted on it, and delay is caused in loading. This should be attended +to in season. + +[24] Otherwise the stout stuff and seams found necessary with heavy +charges might resist the primer, and cause a failure to explode the +powder. + +[25] It was the habit at the Experimental Battery, and in the experimental +cruise of the _Plymouth_, to mark the handle of the Rammer, so that there +should be no doubt as to the charge being home. This is always useful, but +particularly so in case of the gun bursting, as it makes sure of an +important fact. + +[26] It is a common practice in loading, to expend much zeal in striking +the cartridge one or two blows to insure its being home, which is quite +unnecessary when the mark on the handle affords so much better evidence +thereof. + +[27] The XI-in. Shell weighs, when loaded, 135 lbs.; the lifting and +entering it into the muzzle was one of the objections of those who were +opposed to the use of heavy calibres. There was not one of the crew of the +_Plymouths_ XI-in. gun who was not found able, on trial, to take up the +Shell and unassisted to put it in the Bore, when the ship was still. At +sea a very simple implement was used--an iron segment with a bent handle +on opposite sides. The Shellmen, 7, 8, turned the shell out of the box +into this ladle, placed on the deck near No. 3, the Loader, who, when +ready, took the left handle, and No. 5 (the 2d Loader) the right. These +two lifted the Shell towards the muzzle, and No. 4 (Sponger), standing +on the Slide, received the right hand from No. 5 as soon as within reach. +No. 3, stepping on the Slide, and No. 4 continued to raise the Shell to +the muzzle, which was not difficult, because of the Bore being +conveniently high above the Slide on which they were standing; the Sabot +projecting beyond the Ladle was entered into the muzzle, and the Shell +pushed in, No. 5 taking the ladle back and laying it on the deck. + +[28] As this is very firmly fixed in the recess of the metal stock, it is +to be removed by pulling directly on the tail, which, if twisted, will be +likely to break, and thus cause a loss of time. The patch is passed to the +Gun Captain, who puts it in his belt-box, and is afterwards handed to the +Quarter deck by the Lieut. of Division, in order to verify the number of +shells fired. When the Fuze has been uncovered, care must be taken not to +let it be touched by the moisture of the hand, or by the sea-water. + +[29] As the blow might dislodge the priming of the Fuze and prevent its +ignition. It is well to dispense with any wad, even a grommet, if +possible. + +[30] A good exemplification of the principle assumed for this exercise, +that when any one of the men has executed an order, he shall not remain in +position until the order is given which requires him elsewhere; for he may +not have any part in the next order, or even in that second next, as +occurs after pivoting, when only a few numbers participate in the +following orders: Sponge--Load, the remainder only doing so at the third +following, viz.: Run Out. + +[31] No operation with this gun requires more care. There is a weight of +20,000 lbs. moving on friction Rollers along a metal plate, down an +inclined plane--if once permitted to get loose and to be propelled by the +motion of the ship, the momentum is immense, and must disable some of the +apparatus, perhaps the Gun-Carriage itself. On such an occasion the +preventer breeching is invaluable, and will be the best safeguard, if +fitted so that when well stretched it will not permit the fore trucks to +ascend on the curve of the Fore-hurter, for it is this which strains the +strap of the Compressor. + +Permitting the gun to go out with much force also displaces the shell, +whether a grommet-wad be used or not. + +[32] To windward, with a steady inclination, the precautions used to +leeward are unnecessary. On the contrary, the difficulty is to move so +great a weight up the inclined plane. Therefore, the carriage is released +from all restraint, and all the available force put at the Out-Tackles, +taking advantage also of whatever roll there may be to windward. + +[33] This must, of course, be regulated by circumstances, as already +mentioned in Note 10; as to windward, set the compressors moderately; to +leeward, not at all; off the wind, according to the roll. Let the +compression be so adjusted as to allow the muzzle just to come in. + +[34] It is an old custom for the Gun Captain to keep the Priming-Wire in +the vent while the loading is going on, feeling from time to time if the +charge is home. It is a bad practice, because there is a liability of +being caught by the charge as it comes along the Bore, and having the wire +bent, thus spiking the vent, for a while at least. The mark on the Rammer +handle is the best evidence that the charge is in place. The object now is +only to clear the vent of pieces of cartridge stuff, which not +unfrequently get into the vent, and choke it so as to prevent the primer +from exploding the powder. + +[35] Though the primers seldom fail to penetrate the flannel stuff of the +cartridge, it is well to pierce the latter with the wire, so as not to +omit any means that may insure the instant discharge of the gun. + +[36] The Sight-Bar of the XI-in. Gun is graduated to its own charge only; +if reduced charges are ever used, it will only be at short distances, when +the gun needs no elevation. The Bar will then be down entirely, its head +resting on the Box. + +[37] One turn of which is equal to one degree of the quadrant, and may be +of service when the Sight-Bars are not. + +The carriages of Gun Sloops and other vessels carrying XI-in. guns allow +of an elevation of 20 deg.. + +[38] When the vessels are moving, it is best to train the gun a little +ahead, watching when the object draws in line; then, as the roll brings +the piece right in elevation, it is fired. + +[39] Many officers are of the opinion that this order should be +divided--"Load with Cartridge," and "Load with Shell." But those guns +would be very badly served which should wait until this time to give the +order for the species of projectile or class of fuze required. _After_ +"Load," is the proper time to give subsidiary order to Shellmen what +projectile and length of fuze to bring for next fire. + +[40] "In 10,000 fires, when testing guns of different calibres, with the +regulation locks, less than fifty primers failed from all causes." + + + + +CHAPTER V. + +RIFLED CANNON. + + +384. The rifled cannon at present in service are-- + +PARROTT. + +-------------------------+-------+--------------------+---------+---------+ +DENOMINATION. |WEIGHT.| CHARGE. | WEIGHT | WEIGHT | + | | | OF | OF | + | | | SHELL. | SHOT. | +-------------------------+-------+--------------------+---------+---------+ + | lbs. | | | | +6.4-inch, or 100-pounder | 9,700 | 8 lbs. rifle. | 80 lbs. | 70 lbs. | +5.3-inch, or 60-pounder | 5,400 | 6 lbs. rifle. | 50 lbs. | 60 lbs. | +4.2-inch, or 30-pounder | 3,550 | 3-1/4 lbs. cannon. | 29 lbs. | 30 lbs. | +3.67-inch, or 20-pounder | 1,750 | 2 lbs. cannon. | 18 lbs. | 20 lbs. | +-------------------------+-------+--------------------+---------+---------+ + + +DAHLGREN. + +-------------------------+-------+----------------+---------+----------+ +DENOMINATION. |WEIGHT.| CHARGE. | WEIGHT | CHARGE. | + | | | OF | | + | | | SHELL. | | +-------------------------+-------+----------------+---------+----------+ + | lbs. | | | | +4-inch, or 20-pounder, | | | | | + bronze howitzer | 1,340 | 2 lbs. cannon. | 18 lbs. | 0.86 lb. | +3.4-inch, or 12-pounder, | | | | | + bronze howitzer | 880 | 1 lb. cannon. | 11 lbs. | 0.50 lb. | +-------------------------+-------+----------------+---------+----------+ + + +385. CHARGES FOR PARROTT'S SHELL. + +-----------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+ + | 8-INCH. | 100-PDR. | 60-PDR. | 30-PDR. | 20-PDR. | +-----------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+ + | lbs. oz. | lbs. oz. | lbs. oz. | lbs. oz. | lb. oz. | +Long | -- | -- | 3.4 | 1.8 | 1. | +Short | -- | 3.11 | 2.2 | -- | -- | +-----------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+ + +386. SHELL AND SHOT GAUGES. + +---------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + | 100-PDR. | 60-PDR. | 80-PDR. | 20-PDR. | +---------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +Greatest | 6.36 | 5.27 | 4.17 | 3.64 | +True diameter | 6.35 | 5.26 | 4.15 | 3.63 | +Least | 6.33 | 5.24 | 4.14 | 3.61 | +---------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + +387. In the rifle-guns of Mr. Parrott, provisionally adopted, it is +intended to retain the full charge of powder which a smooth-bore gun +of the same calibre would have with a round shot. The projectile for +the rifled gun is to be usually ten times the weight of this +charge.[41] + +388. To obtain greater initial velocity, projectiles of less than the +full weight have been provided--solid shot of 70 pounds for the +100-pounder, with the front end "chilled." Such projectiles, though +not suited for long ranges, will be effective at 1,000 yards or less, +and are well calculated to act against oblique surfaces of iron. + +389. The powder for the 100-pounder and 60-pounder should be of Rifle +(or, as formerly called, No. 7):--for the smaller calibres, 30-pounder +and 20-pounder, of Navy cannon powder. The cartridge-bags are the same +as those prescribed for similar calibres of smooth-bore guns. + +390. The Parrott guns have been arranged for the use of a certain kind +of projectile, supplied by the inventor. These have reference not only +to the calibre and mode of rifling, but to the design of the gun +itself. For these reasons, the inventor objects to the use of any +other than his own form of projectile in the guns of his invention. +This request has been acceded to in the heavier calibres. The shells +of Schenkl and Hotchkiss have also been used, however, in the smaller +calibres. + +It is not considered expedient to describe these projectiles, and it +is therefore directed that the Commander, Executive Officer, and +Gunner shall make themselves thoroughly acquainted with their +construction, and the percussion and time fuzes issued with them, +before sailing. The Ordnance Officer will furnish them with any +information on these subjects in his possession. + +391. The projectiles consist of shells, shrapnel, and solid shot. All +rifled projectiles used in the Navy are of the expanding class; that +is, forced into the grooves by the action of the charge of powder, and +require no other precautions in loading than common spherical shells. + +392. It is, however, essential-- + +1st. That the base of every rifle-projectile, especially the Parrott, +shall be thickly greased before entering it into the gun.[42] For this +purpose common pork slush, prepared by several washings in hot fresh +water, may be used. + +2d. That the bores of all guns shall be frequently washed, the +grooves of rifled guns cleaned of all residuum and dirt, and a moist +sponge invariably used. After firing, the bore should be oiled with a +sponge. + +The attention of Commanding Officers is especially called to this +requirement; and the Bureau desires that the action of Parrott's and +other rifle-projectiles fired under the above conditions, may be +carefully observed and reported; for it is believed that nearly all +the failures of projectiles in actual service result from the grooves +being filled, after a few rounds, with a hardened residuum of powder. + +393. It is also necessary that the shell shall be close home on the +powder, otherwise the necessary expansion will not take place, and the +shell will tumble immediately after leaving the gun, utterly +destroying its range and accuracy. + +394. In order to be certain that the projectile is properly home, the +rammer-handle must be marked to indicate it. + +395. It is very important that dirt, sand, or other foreign substances +should not be carried into the gun on the sponge or the projectile, or +by the wind in batteries on shore. + +In using guns on shore, a canvas muzzle-bag, a soft wad, or a light +stopper of wood, suggest themselves as means of security during the +interval between loading and firing the gun. The cover or stopper +might be removed, or left to be blown away at each discharge. + +The longer the interval above alluded to, and the higher the elevation +at which the gun is kept, the more important and necessary are these +precautions. + +396. Much care is taken to give the projectiles uniformity of size; +and if the powder is of suitable quality, those now supplied will +almost invariably take the grooves. Should difficulty in this respect, +however, be experienced, it may be remedied by separating the brass +ring from the iron at three or four points of the circumference. This +should be done with a cold chisel, very slightly, and so as not to +interfere with the loading. It is only necessary to sever the contact +of the two metals. + +397. As the projectile slides in the gun with very little friction, +particularly when greased, the gun should therefore be elevated and +eased out when firing to leeward, that the shot may not be started +from its seat. An experiment to test this, showed that running a +100-pounder out with the force of its crew against the forward hurter, +the gun being level, started the shot forward nearly two feet. + +Placing a grommet or other wad over elongated projectiles is +positively prohibited. + +398. The 100-pounder and 60-pounder guns being, respectively, of the +calibres of the 32-pounder and 18-pounder spherical shot, and fired +with the same charges, these shot may be fired from them with +excellent effect, particularly on ricochet. The round shot should be +sewed up in canvas or felt, strapped to a sabot, or snaked between two +grommet-wads. + +399. Both percussion and time fuzes are supplied for these rifle-guns. +When the object to be fired at presents a sufficient resistance, such +as masses of timber or earth, ships, or solidly-built houses, the +percussion-fuzes alone should be used from rifled cannon. They will, +however, frequently fail to explode the shell at long ranges, owing to +the shell not striking on its apex; or, if fired into loose earth, +which checks its momentum too slowly to make the plunger strike with +sufficient force. + +400. It has been observed that time-fuzes burn with greater rapidity +in shell thrown from rifled cannon. Being in front, they are subjected +to greater pressure from the air. A similar effect is produced when +the fuze is confined under a water-cap, as in the naval time-fuze. + +401. The fuze-holes of the heavy shells are cast larger than the +diameter of the regular fuze-stocks of the navy, which can, however, +be used with the aid of a bouching or an adapting ring, always sent +with the shells. + +This bouching has heretofore been made of cast zinc. Others with a +flange and washer and the thread cut are now supplied, and the use of +the old rings is prohibited. + +402. If it be desired to explode the shell in front of or in the midst +of a body of troops, or after having penetrated some resisting +obstacle, the time-fuze should be used. This is the only fuze to be +used with shrapnel. + +403. The Vent is made in a bouching of pure copper screwed into the +gun. In the largest calibres the interior orifice is lined with +platinum. + +The upper portion of the copper in naval guns is replaced by steel, to +obtain a harder surface for receiving the blow of the hammer. The +steel is three-fourths (3/4) of an inch thick. + +A new vent can be readily put in, after getting out the old one, +without injury to the screw-thread. This can be done by boring out the +bouching with a drill, which leaves a thin shell containing the +thread. Into the hole thus made insert a square mandrel about four +inches, driving it lightly; by wrenching it, a portion of the shell of +the bouching can be detached and removed by unscrewing. This may be +repeated, and the whole of the old copper removed. The screw-thread is +then to be cleaned out, and the new vent-plug screwed in. + +404. SIGHTS.--These consist of a fixed sight upon the right rimbase, +and a brass movable sight placed in a socket which is screwed into +the rear of the reinforce at the breech of the gun. The movable sight +is furnished with a sliding eye-piece, and is graduated up to 10 deg.. The +eye-piece is also capable of lateral adjustment to allow for the drift +as far as 10 deg., and for the effect of the wind. It is desirable that +the sights should be placed on both sides of the breech; otherwise, in +firing from a port at extreme train, there is a considerable loss of +lateral aim. Furthermore, with the sight on the right rimbase, it is +not convenient for the 2d Captain to attend the screw without +interfering with the aim. + +405. These guns are all rifled to the right, by which it is understood +that the upper surface of the projectile is made to turn from left to +right, the observer looking from the breech towards the muzzle of the +gun. + +406. DRIFT.--This is a deviation caused by the direction of the +rifling, is always to the right when uninfluenced by the wind, and is +to be allowed for. + +407. The drift is in practice confounded with the deviation produced +by the direction and force of the wind, which may either annul or +increase it, according to whether it blows from right or left across +the line of fire. At long range it is also necessary to consider the +motion of the vessel across the line of fire. Suppose this to be at +the rate of six knots, and the gun is elevated 15 deg., the time of flight +would be by the Tables, 18 sec., while the deviation arising from this +cause would be upwards of 60 yards. It is therefore of great +importance that the Captain of the gun shall be carefully instructed +in making this adjustment of the eye-piece. + +408. ELEVATING SCREW.--To obtain readily the changes of elevation +necessary in the use of rifled cannon, the heavier calibres are made +with very small preponderance, and are supplied with an elevating +screw which is attached to the carriage at the lower end, while the +nut is connected with the cascabel of the gun. Both screw and nut +admit of movements by which the screw can take any position required +in the various degrees of elevation. The parts should be allowed a +certain amount of play; if binding is prevented, it is believed that +the evident advantages of the screw may always be obtained. + +409. RANGES AND TIME OF FLIGHT.--So far as ascertained, are contained +in Table VII., Appendix B. + +410. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED.--In the use of these rifled cannon, +it is of the utmost importance that all the directions relative to the +lubrication of the shell, its being close home, charge and kind of +powder used, and lining of the shells, shall be carefully observed. + +Many premature explosions of shells having taken place in these guns, +which are attributed to various causes, such as,--defects of metal, +porosity, faulty fuzes, concussion and friction of the powder within +the shell,--it is ordered that, on the occurrence of a premature +explosion or rupture of a shell within the gun, it shall be +immediately washed out and a careful examination made of the interior +of the bore, by the mirror and by taking impressions in wax (_see_ +Mode of Taking Impressions, p. 16, Part III.), and all the +circumstances of the case reported to the Bureau, specifying the kind +and calibre of the shells, kind of fuzes, the charge and kind of +powder, with its manufacturer's name: and, + + Were the shells filled completely, and with what kind of powder? + Were the shells coated inside with any kind of composition? + Are any cracks or marks of scoring visible in the bores? + +In rifled cannon, cracks or injuries produced by firing, or the +rupture of shells, are to be sought for--thus, + + 1. Around and in rear of the vent-bouching. + 2. On the top of the bore, between the trunnions and + reinforce-band. + 3. On the lower side of the bore, near the seat of the shot, + at the junction of the lands and grooves. + 4. Near the inside of the muzzle, caused by explosion of + shells. + +Although shells have been frequently ruptured in the guns without +leaving any visible traces of injury, yet they may be developed after +a certain number of rounds. Thus, in proving a gun at West Point, a +shell exploded in the gun at the second fire: on examination, no +traces of injury could be perceived; but, on a re-examination of the +gun after the tenth fire, a fine transverse crack was discovered in +the rear of the vent, extending two-thirds round the bore. It is +therefore important that frequent examinations shall be made, even if +no apparent injuries exist, as it is the opinion of the inventor of +the guns that the principal, if not the only cause of failure of these +guns in service, is due to the rupture of shells within the bore. + +Experiments have been made, and are still in progress, which appear to +show that these premature explosions may be to a great extent +obviated, if not altogether prevented, by lining or coating the rough +surface of the interior of the shell with a smooth and elastic +coating. + +All rifle-shells, except those for howitzers, before being issued for +service, shall therefore be lined or coated on the interior with a +mixture composed of-- + + 16 ounces of soap--common yellow, not salt-water soap. + 7 ounces of tallow. + 7 ounces of rosin. + +The tallow should be melted first, then melt and add the rosin, and, +lastly, the soap, bringing the mass to a heat that will make it _very_ +fluid. + +The shells having been first thoroughly cleaned, fill them about +one-third full of the composition, roll them slowly so as to spread +the mixture over the whole interior surface, and then pour off the +residue. This coating should be about five-hundredths (0.05) of an +inch in thickness, and is expected, from a series of experiments made +for the purpose, to prevent the premature explosion of shells in the +bores of rifled guns. + +The Bureau further directs that hereafter the charge of the +100-pounder, or 6.4 inch, Parrott rifle, shall be reduced to eight (8) +pounds of rifle, or No. 7 powder, and that only the short shell or +solid shot, not exceeding eighty (80) pounds weight, and spherical +projectiles, prepared as directed in the Circulars of February 24th +and July 6th, 1864, be used in this gun. + +411. EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS OF BOXES CONTAINING PARROTT'S PROJECTILES. + +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- + | LONG. | WIDE. | HIGH. +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- + | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. +100-pounder, short 1 | 18-3/4 | 8-3/4 | 8-3/4 +60-pounder, | | | +30-pounder, containing 10 | 25-1/4 | 11 | 15-3/4 +20-pounder, containing 10 | 25-1/4 | 10-1/2 | 13 +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- + +412. HOTCHKISS'S PROJECTILE FOR 20-POUNDER AND 12-POUNDER HOWITZER. + +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- +20-pounder, containing 5 | 24 | 12 | 6-1/2 +12-pounder, containing 10 | 20 | 9 | 9 +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- + +413. SCHENKL'S PROJECTILE FOR 20-POUNDER AND 12-POUNDER HOWITZER. + +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- +20-pounder, containing 5 | 24 | 14 | 7 +12-pounder, containing 10 | 22-1/4 | 9-1/2 | 11-1/2 +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- + +414. J.A.D. PROJECTILE FOR 20-POUNDER AND 12-POUNDER HOWITZER. + +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- +20-pounder, containing 3 | 15 | 12-1/4 | 7 +12-pounder, containing 5 | 19 | 10-1/4 | 6 +--------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[41] Owing to the recent accidents which have taken place with these guns, +the 150-pounder has been withdrawn from service, and the charge of the +100-pounder provisionally reduced to eight (8) lbs. of Rifle powder, and +the short shell of eighty (80) lbs. only is to be used. + +[42] The Schenkl, Hotchkiss, and some other projectiles, have a small +quantity of grease attached. + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + +MONITORS. + + +The diagram represents the interior arrangement of the turret of the +Monitors for the long and short XV-inch guns. + +415. NOMENCLATURE. + + A. Ammunition-scuttle. + B. Starting-bar for revolving turret and training gun. + C. Shaft on which turret revolves. + D. Travelling-bar on which moves the shell-whip. + E. Position of Engineer stationed at bar to revolve turret and + train guns. + F. Compressor-wheel to check recoil, hove taut before firing. + G. Crank for running gun in and out. + H. Smoke-box of XV-inch (_Passaic_ class). + O. Officer at sight-hole. + P. Port-hole. + R. Port-stopper. + S. Sight-hole. + +416. In the _Passaic_ class the ports for the XV-in. gun are only of +sufficient dimensions to allow the passage of the shot at such +elevations and depressions as were judged necessary: the gun being +fired entirely within the turret. In order to protect the crew of the +gun from the blast of the explosion, the smoke-box was devised, which +to a certain extent accomplished the desired object, but at the +expense of rapidity of loading. + +417. In designing the _Tecumseh_ class it was decided to enlarge the +port, so as to allow the face of the muzzle to run out flush with the +exterior of the turret. The gun was therefore lengthened sixteen (16) +inches, and the muzzle turned down to the minimum size. + +418. The contracted space within the turret rendered it necessary to +introduce additional mechanical aids in lieu of manual labor in +running out, loading, and checking the recoil. + +[Illustration: MONITOR TURRET. D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, +pr.] + +419. The exercise therefore conforms to the established exercise for +great guns only as far as circumstances will admit. + +The gun is supposed to be run in, and not loaded. + +420. WORDS OF COMMAND. + + I. "PROVIDE THE GUN!" + II. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + III. "LOAD!" + IV. "PRIME!" + V. "ELEVATE!" (OR DEPRESS). + VI. "RUN OUT!" + VII. "TRAIN!" + VIII. "READY--FIRE!" + IX. "RUN IN!" + X. "SECURE!" + + +MANUAL EXERCISE. + +(RIGHT GUN.) + +II. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + +421. Gun Captain serves, then stops the Vent. No. 3 passes to left of +muzzle. No. 4 receives the moist Sponge-head from 6, and, assisted by +3, enters it in the Bore and forces it down as far as the first +section. No. 6 passes the successive sections of the staff to 4 as +needed, and receives them from him as the sponge is withdrawn. + +After the sponge is withdrawn, Captain serves the Vent with his +priming-wire, and again closes it. + + +III. "LOAD!" + +422. No. 4 receives Cartridge from 5, to whom the box has been passed +by 13, assisted by 3, enters it in the Bore; receives Rammer-head and +successive sections from 6, and, assisted by 3, rams home. Nos. 3 and +4 fall back from the muzzle. Gun Captain serves the Vent to feel if +the Charge is home. + +Nos. 3 and 4 return the rammer. + +Nos. 7 and 8, 11 and 12 whip up Shot (or shell), as has been +previously ordered. Nos. 11 and 12 choke luff of whip. Nos. 7 and 8 +run shot (or shell) to the muzzle. No. 5, assisted, if necessary, by +No. 6, bears over, when 3 and 4 enter and ram home by sections. + +No. 4 removes Patches and passes them to 7, who hands them to Gun +Captain. + + +IV. "PRIME!" + +423. Gun Captain again makes sure that the Vent is clear. No. 2 primes +with priming-powder from a flask or a blank musket-cartridge. + + +V. "ELEVATE!" (OR DEPRESS). + +(Always done before running out.) + +424. No. 2 handles lever of Elevating screw under the direction of the +Officer of the piece, who sets the trunnion-sight at the proper degree +of elevation and clamps it there. When the bubble of the +trunnion-level is in the centre,--"Well." + +Nos. 3 and 4 lift the muzzle by a section of the rammer-handle; the +preponderance not being sufficient to overcome the friction of the +trunnions in the cap-squares. No. 3 passes to the right of the muzzle. + + +VI. "RUN OUT!" + +425. Nos. 7, 8, 11, and 12 man Truck-crank to run out. Nos. 9 and 10 +ease compressor. Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6 man port-tackle: as muzzle +approaches port-stopper, "Open Port!" + +As soon as the gun is out, Nos. 11 and 12 unship truck-crank and place +it clear of gun-slide. No. 9 to Compressor-wheel, which he heaves hand +taut. No 10 ships ratchet-levers and heaves well taut.[43] Gun Captain +inserts percussion-primer. + + +VII. "TRAIN RIGHT!" (OR LEFT). + +426. The officer of the gun sights through sight-hole, and orders +"Right!" or "Left!" as the muzzle is to go. The Engineer at the +starting-bar revolves the turret. + +No. 1 to lock-string; when the object comes in view, Officer of piece +gives order. + + +VIII. "READY--FIRE!" + +427. Gun Captain pulls lock-string. No. 3 lets go port-tackle. No. 5 +closes port. Engineer revolves the turret so as to point the gun +abeam. (This gets the scuttle clear for passing up ammunition.) + +[Illustration: TRUNNION LEDGE AND LEVEL FOR XV INCH GUN. D. Van +Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +_If necessary,_ + +Nos. 11 and 12 ship crank, and, with 7 and 8, run the gun in; Nos. 9 +and 10 easing compressor. No. 10 ships ratchet-lever to ease +compressor, No. 9 easing it further by hand. The gun is now ready for +loading, and the exercise proceeds as before. + +428. The exercise of the left gun is in all respects the same, except +that Nos. 3 and 4 exchange duties. + +429. The crew of the XV-in. gun consists ordinarily of 14 men, but the +gun may be readily worked by 8 men; indeed, some officers prefer the +smaller number as being equally efficient, giving more room in the +turret, and affording the very great advantage of relief crews during +a protracted engagement. The same remarks apply to the XI-in. gun. + + +WORKING XV-IN. BY HALF-CREW. + +"SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + +430. No. 1 stops vent. 3 passes to left of muzzle. 5 passes +sponge-head and sections as required to 3, and assists in sponging. + + +"LOAD!" + +431. No. 13 receives passing-box at scuttle and holds it to 5. 5 +receives cartridge from 13, enters it in muzzle, passes rammer-head +and sections, and, assisted by 3, rams home. Gun Captain serves the +vent, 3 and 5 falling back. + +Nos. 9, 11, 13, and 15 whip up shell and attend it to muzzle. + +Nos. 5 and 3 steady shell and enter it in muzzle. + +No. 5 removes patch, passes it to 7, who hands it to 1. + +Nos. 5 and 3 ram home by sections as before. + + +"ELEVATE!" + +432. Nos. 3 and 5 raise muzzle by section of rammer. + +No. 1 tends elevating screw. + + +"PRIME!" + +433. No. 1 serves vent and primes with powder. + + +"RUN OUT!" + +434. Nos. 7, 11, and 15 man crank. + +No. 9 eases compressor. + +Nos. 3, 5, and 13 open port. + + +_When out,_ + +No. 1, Gun Captain, inserts percussion-primer. + +No. 11 unships crank. + +No. 9 heaves compressor hand taut. + +No. 15 ships lever and heaves well taut. + +The gun is trained as before. + + +"FIRE!" + +435. Nos. 3 and 5 close port. + +Nos. 7, 11, and 15 man crank, and 9 eases compressor. The above is +given for the 1st part of gun's crew; for 2d part substitute next high +numbers in each station. + + +SHELL AND POWDER DIVISION. + +436. To the Shell and Powder Division is assigned the most laborious +and difficult of all the duties--that of keeping up a supply of +projectiles. + +437. It is therefore necessary to have it strongly manned, and a +system of frequent reliefs for all the important stations, +particularly in the magazine and shell-locker. + +438. There are required three gangs of four each for the passage of +projectiles: one to whip them out of the hold, or shell-room; a second +to pass them to the door of the turret-chamber; and a third to pass +them to the scuttle and adjust them in the bearer. When working with +half-crews, the third gang assists at the shell-whip, the fall being +dropped down to them. + +439. The XV-in. passing-box requires two men to carry it to the +turret-chamber. + +440. The allowance of projectiles can only be determined by the +character of the service expected, and the stowage capacity of the +vessel, which is limited to about 150 rounds per gun for sea-service. + +441. By reason of the contracted space in these vessels, all shell +should be filled, and all powder must be made up into cartridges. + +442. All XV-in. shell shall be fitted with three fuze-holes, and +issued for service fuzed with 3-1/2, 5, and 7 seconds fuzes. + +443. When the distance of the object is known to be less than the +range of the shortest fuze, and time will admit of doing so, uncap all +the fuzes. At other times uncap the fuze suited to the distance, and +the one of longest time of burning. + +[Illustration: NOMENCLATURE OF 13 INCH MORTAR. CARRIAGE AND CIRCLE. D. +Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[43] The compressor-shaft should be marked as a guide to No. 1 to know +when compressed sufficiently. + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + +MORTARS. + + +444. TITLES OF MORTAR CREW. + +(See Diagram 1.) + + No. 1. First Captain. + No. 2. Second Captain. + No. 3. First Loader and Trainer. + No. 4. First Sponger and Trainer. + No. 5. Second Loader, Front Eccentric Trainer. + No. 6. Second Sponger, Front Eccentric Trainer. + No. 7. Left Circle Eccentric Trainer and Shell-carrier. + No. 8. Right Circle Eccentric Trainer and Shell-carrier. + No. 9. Left Circle Eccentric Trainer and Shell-hoister. + No. 10. Right Circle Eccentric Trainer and Shell-hoister. + No. 11. Rear Circle Eccentric Trainer and Shell-hoister. + No. 12. Rear Circle Eccentric Trainer and Shell-hoister. + No. 13. Powder-man. + +During exercise or action, Nos. 9, 10, 11, and 12, in addition to +their other duties, will hoist up shell from below. + +445. IMPLEMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS. + +-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------- +ARTICLES. | WHERE THEY ARE PLACED. +-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------- +Handspikes. | Two on each side of the bed against the cheeks, leaning + | upon the manoeuvring-bolts, the ends towards the + | vessel's sides, and those of the front handspikes even + | with the front of the cheeks. + | +Haversack. | Containing fuzes, and a pair of sleeves, attached to + | the tompion. + | +Tube-pouch. | Containing the priming-wire, friction-tubes, and + | lanyard, attached to the tompion, and lying on the + | mortar. + | +Gunner's Pouch. | Containing gunner's level, gimlet, vent-punch and + | chalk, attached to tompion. + | +Quadrant. |} +Plummet. |} +Scraper. |} In a basket between the cheeks of the mortar-bed. +Wiper. |} +Shell-hooks. |} + | +Tompion. | In the muzzle. + | +Quoin. | Under the mortar upon the bolster, with handle to + | the left. + | +Maul. |} +Wrench. |} With the basket. +Pincers. |} +Broom. |} +-----------------+------------------------------------------------------- + +Directly over each mortar must be rigged a gun-tackle purchase-whip, +with seven-inch block, to whip up and lower the bomb into the mortar. + +One empty bomb and one empty cartridge-bag must be ready for drill. + +[Illustration: SILENCE [Diagram 1.] D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius +Bien, pr.] + + +MANUAL EXERCISE. + +XIII-IN. MORTAR. + +446. WORDS OF COMMAND. + + I. "SILENCE!" + II. "CAST LOOSE AND PROVIDE!" + III. "TRAIN!" (RIGHT OR LEFT). + IV. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + V. "LOAD!" + VI. "ELEVATE!" + VII. "PRIME!" + VIII. "READY--FIRE!" + IX. "MORTAR FRONT!" + X. "SECURE!" + +The exercise commences with the supposition that the Mortar is secured +fore and aft, but not loaded. + + +I. "SILENCE!" + +(Diagram 1.) + +447. At this preparatory order the strictest silence is to be +observed. + +The Captain faces the breech, the men on the right and left stand +facing the mortar; all fix their eyes on the Captain, and attentively +wait for orders. + + +II. "CAST LOOSE AND PROVIDE!" + +(Diagram 2.) + +448. 1st Captain commands; sees his mortar cleared and cast loose; +canvas covers taken off; Eccentric Bars in their place; Train-Tackles +overhauled and placed fore and aft on deck; Shell-whip hooked into +mast-head span; small shell-hooks moused on lower block of shell-whip; +Shell-tongs ready for use; Grommet for resting shell on deck at hand; +basket of implements on deck to the rear of mortar; Tompion taken out +and placed to the rear; sees that there is a Gunner's Quadrant and +plumb-line in the basket; a boring-bit between beckets; a breeching +and tackle, if it should be wanted; buckles on his waist-belt, +furnished with a primer-box; equips himself with a priming-wire and +lanyard; places elevating lever on the right side of mortar ready for +use. + +2d Captain gets basket of implements and spirit-level from the Gunner; +places basket on deck to the rear of the mortar; screws spirit-level +to trunnion, and adjusts it to an angle of 45 deg. with the axis of the +bore. + +No. 3, First Loader, removes mortar-cover; takes out tompion and +places it to the rear of mortar-circle, out of the way; provides +grommet for resting shell on deck; gets scrapers and spatulas out of +basket. + +No. 4, First Sponger, assists in removing mortar-cover; gets his +sleeves out of basket and puts them on; provides an empty +cartridge-bag for wiping shell. + +Nos. 5 and 6, Second Loader and Second Sponger, hook shell-whip into +mast-head span, and bring it perpendicular over the bore; mouse small +shell-hooks on to lower block; get breechings and tackles ready for +hooking; ship front eccentric bars. + +Nos. 7 and 8, Shell-carriers, get shell-tongs for carrying shell; +assist in shipping eccentric bars on their respective sides of circle. + +Nos. 9 and 11 overhaul left train-tackle to its full length, and place +it on deck fore and aft, near the ship's side; ship left circle +eccentric bar, and place lever for carriage-eccentric on the circle, +butt to the front, and close to the side of carriage. + +Nos. 10 and 12 execute the same duties on the right side of the +mortar. + +Nos. 11 and 12 also ship rear eccentrics. + +Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12, hook tackles for hoisting shell from below. + +No. 13, Powder-man, repairs to the proper scuttle for his passing-box, +returns, and stands a little to the left and in rear of the circle. + + +III. "TRAIN!" (RIGHT OR LEFT). + +(Diagram 3.) + +449. Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, throw circle eccentric into +gear, and pin eccentric bars down. Nos. 5 and 6 then hook double +blocks of train-tackles into circle on their respective sides. All the +crew, except Nos. 1 and 2, will bowse on train-tackles, until the +mortar is in the desired direction, when the order "Well!" will be +given by No. 2, who attends spirit-level and trunnion-sight. + +At the command "Well!" Nos. 5 and 6, 11 and 12 will unhook their +respective blocks and lay the train-tackle fore and aft on deck, near +the ship's side; Nos. 5 and 6, 7 and 9, 8 and 10, 11 and 12, throw the +circle eccentrics out of gear. + + +IV. "SERVE VENT AND SPONGE!" + +450. 1st Captain inserts his priming-wire and clears the vent. No. 3 +scrapes the chamber and bore, removes scrapings with the spoon. No. 4 +takes the empty cartridge-bag and wipes out the mortar, then uses the +sponge to thoroughly cleanse the chamber and bore; as soon as this +operation is performed, the Captain again serves the vent. Should +there be any fire or dirt pushed down, the sponging will be repeated. + +[Illustration: TRAIN. [Diagram 2.] D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius +Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: RIGHT OR LEFT [Diagram 3.] D. Van Nostrand Publisher. +Julius Bien, pr.] + +V. "LOAD!" + +451. The Powder-man, No. 13, goes to the scuttle for a cartridge, and +brings it to No. 3 (always passing on the side not engaged), who +empties it carefully into the chamber, keeping the cartridge-bag in +his hand, to be used in wiping the shell before it is lowered into the +bore. No. 4 takes spatulas, levels off the powder, and calls out +"Shell!" which is brought to the front of the mortar by Nos. 7 and 8, +Shell-carriers, and landed in the grommet, which has been put in its +proper place by No. 5. Nos. 5 and 6 hook shell on and whip it up; when +high enough, No. 3 calls out, "High!" wipes it clean with empty +cartridge-bag, and, assisted by No. 4, steadies it over the bore; it +is then lowered carefully upon the charge, keeping the fuze exactly in +the axis of the bore. No. 4 then removes the paper covering and +exposes the priming of the fuze, handing the covering to No. 2, as an +evidence that it has been removed. After an exercise or an action, +these paper coverings will be compared with the account kept by the +Officer having charge of the Powder Division. Nos. 3 and 4 now step +down on deck, ready to assist in training, should any be required. + + +VI. "ELEVATE!" + +452. The 2d Captain, having adjusted the trunnion-sight[44] to a given +angle with the axis of the bore (usually 45 deg.), orders "Raise" or +"Lower;" and at the same time the 1st Captain inserts the elevating +lever through elevating loop, on to ratchet, and raises or lowers +according to direction from 2d Captain, who will give the word "Well!" +when the mortar has its proper elevation. + + +VII. "PRIME!" + +453. 1st Captain inserts his priming-wire to ascertain that the vent +is clear; takes a friction-primer, raises the loop nearly in line with +the spur, hooks it on his lanyard and inserts the primer into the +vent, being careful that the lanyard has been led through the loop at +the rear of mortar-carriage for that purpose; then retires to the rear +of mortar to the full length of the lanyard, and gives the word. + +Officer in charge takes station to watch the effect of the bomb, which +shall be recorded in a suitably ruled note-book. + + +VIII. "READY--FIRE!" + +454. At the word "Fire!" the Captain pulls the lanyard with a quick +draw: there should be a pause of about two seconds between the words +"Ready" and "Fire," in order to allow every one time to retire to the +rear.[45] + + +IX. "MORTAR--FRONT!" + +455. Nos. 1 and 5, on the left side, Nos. 2 and 6, on the right side, +step on the circle; take carriage eccentric levers and throw +eccentrics into gear; withdraw the lever from the sockets, and insert +them into holes in the wheel, and heave the mortar-carriage up against +the front hurter; throw eccentric out of gear; place levers on the +circle close to Brackets, butts forward, and retire to their stations. + + +X. "SECURE!" + +(Diagram 1.) + +456. Train fore and aft, face of mortar forward, throw circle out of +gear; 1st Captain stops vent; 2d Captain unscrews spirit-level. Nos. 3 +and 4 put in tompion, put on mortar-cover, put scrapers, spoons, +sleeves, and empty cartridge-bags into basket. Nos. 5 and 6 unhook +shell-whip and coil it up on the lower step of carriage; put small +shell-hooks into basket; put grommet between brackets of carriage; +coil up breeching-tackle, and put it on the lower step of carriage; +secure the mast-head span to the rigging; unship front circle +eccentric. Nos. 7 and 9 coil left train-tackle on the circle, left +side of carriage, unship left circle eccentric bar. Nos. 8 and 10 coil +right train-tackle on the circle, right side of carriage, unship right +circle eccentric bar. Nos. 11 and 12 coil shell-tackle on the circle +in rear of carriage; unship rear circle eccentric bar. Eccentric bars +to be placed on the circle in the following manner: left and front +bars, on left side of brackets; right and rear bars on the right side +of brackets. Nos. 7 and 8 put shell-tongs on circle to the rear of +carriage. 1st Captain puts his lanyard and priming-wire into the +basket, which, together with the spirit-level, is carried to the +Gunner by 2d Captain; the crew then resume their stations as at +"SILENCE." + + +MAGAZINE AND SHELL-ROOM. + +457. Vessels specially constructed for mortar purposes have +regularly-built shell-rooms, while others, fitted for temporary +service, have merely spaces set apart, which should be protected by +screens fitting tightly to the beams and deck, with tubs of water +always at hand during practice, and likewise wet swabs laid to cut off +trains of powder. + +458. Before the vessels leave port, every thing must be arranged in +the magazines for the rapid and safe transmission of ammunition to the +mortars, and any deficiencies should be promptly reported to the +Officer commanding the division, and by him to the Officer in charge +of ordnance. + +459. The Officer in command of each vessel is to be present at the +embarkation of the ordnance, to stow and check the lists. + +460. All the implements accompanying the mortars are to be kept in +lockers used solely for that purpose, and under the charge of the +Gunner or his mate. + +461. The full service-charges for the mortars will be sent on board +ready filled in white cotton bags, and their transmission from the +magazines will be in leather passing-boxes. + +462. The powder is to be emptied into the mortar, the bag well shaken +and beaten over the lee-side to remove dust and fine grains of powder, +and the bag placed in the rear to wipe out the mortar-chamber after +every round. + +None of these bags should be returned to the magazine during the +action, as the loose powder would be likely to form trains. + +463. Large tubs of water are to be kept near the magazines, with +buckets at hand to drown the cartridges, or to extinguish fire; and +every precaution taken to cut off trains of powder with wet swabs. + +464. The forward part of the vessel above decks will be used as the +most convenient place for cutting or preparing fuzes, and a heavy +screen, spread tent-fashion, should be rigged to protect the fuzes +from fire from the mortars, or rain. + +In filling shells, the Gunner and two assistants will be detailed for +this purpose, besides the men stationed to pass powder from the +magazines. + +All fire and lights must be put out when the magazine is opened for +action. + +465. In firing against the wind, the flame is thrown back in-board; +therefore care should be taken beforehand to wet the sides, decks, and +rigging of the vessel; the sails covered with tarpaulins; and men +stationed with buckets to put out fire. + +466. One hundred bombs are at all times to be kept ready filled in the +shell-room. + +A vessel properly organized ought to throw at least 20 bombs an hour; +but should circumstances prevent, the mortar may be properly served if +even one bomb can be filled before the previous one is fired. + +467. A beech plug must be temporarily put in the fuze-hole of the bomb +when filled; and the men who fill cartridges and charge the bombs are +to wear flannel sleeves and magazine-shoes. + +468. When ranges are desired to be obtained by reduced charges, the +measuring and filling of the cartridges must always be done in the +magazine, no matter how inconvenient it may be; and the utmost +exactness is to be observed in filling the powder-measures and +levelling off the top, as an ounce of powder makes an important +variation in the range of the bomb. + +469. Extra cotton bags are to be provided to receive the reduced +charges, which are to be stowed in half barrels. + +470. Every precaution that suggests itself to the officers in command +to prevent accidents, should immediately be put in force, and a +memorandum of the matter transmitted to the Ordnance Officer of the +squadron. + + +GENERAL RULES AND OBSERVATIONS. + +471. To estimate the distance by the bursting of a bomb, where the +flash can be seen, multiply the number of seconds which elapse between +it and the sound of the report by 1,100, and the product will be +nearly the distance in feet. + +472. The officer in charge of a mortar must always note the time of +flight and distance, by the above rule, for every bomb that is fired, +and likewise note when the report is not heard from the bursting +charge. + +473. When going into action for a bombardment, the fore-rigging must +be come up on the side where the mortar is to be used, the +fore-topmast sent down, foresail unbent, boom and gaff laid on deck, +rigging lashed in close to the mast, head-sails to be thoroughly +wetted, spring on the cable, boats lowered from the side davits, and +all the hatches covered with tarpaulins. + +474. The broadside-guns must be kept ready for action, and muskets +loaded and at hand, in case the squadron should be attacked by the +enemy's gunboats. + +475. Besides bombs, various other projectiles are fired from mortars, +such as carcasses, which are shells having three holes of similar +dimensions to the fuze-hole, pierced at equal distances apart in the +upper hemisphere, with their exterior openings touching the great +circle which is perpendicular to the axis of the bore. + +476. These carcasses are placed in the mortar in the same manner as +the bomb, and are filled with inflammable mixtures, and should be +transported in a vessel by themselves, as they are dangerous +companions. Thirteen-inch carcasses weigh 194 pounds each. + +477. Bombs are sometimes fired with a port fire stuck into the +fuze-hole, which is an almost certain mode of igniting many kinds of +buildings. + +478. Mortars can also be fired with a bag of one-pound balls, or +ordinary grape-shot, with very reduced charges, and a wad between the +powder and the balls. One pound of powder will project a 200-lb. bomb +302 yards; the same weight of grape-shot thrown in among boats would +prove destructive; and especially a lot of canister fired in this +manner would cause great havoc. + +479. It is not expected, however, that much execution could be done +after the first discharge in a fleet of boats moving rapidly; but +combined with the batteries of the Squadron, it is presumed that an +enemy would be deterred from an attempt to capture a vessel by +boarding. + + +TAKING THE DISTANCE. + +480. An inexperienced officer will find difficulty in estimating +distances by the eye alone, as it requires long practice and studied +observation. The sextant, however, offers a surer method of +approximately fixing a position by taking the angles between any three +points, which are generally found to be accurately laid down on the +Coast Survey charts; then plotting the angles with a horn protractor, +or working them out by the three-point problem, which is given in all +surveying books. + +481. If the object to be assaulted is a large one, a practical man +can, by the exercise of moderate judgment after two or three fires, +throw the bombs near the work; but, at the same time, the sextant is +the more certain means for determining the true distance, and the +Officer in command should make himself acquainted with the simple +manner of measuring horizontal angles. + +482. If points are not visible in line, then measure a base on shore, +angle on the object to be aimed at, and from the angles of the +base-line, you can fix the position of the mortar-vessel. + +483. When a vessel once gets her position accurately determined, and +it becomes necessary after a bombardment to remove out of the line of +battle, a small buoy with the vessel's name or number should be +dropped under foot, so that the same position may, if necessary, be +resumed. + + +LOADING MORTARS. + +484. After the powder has been emptied through the funnel out of the +cotton bag into the chamber, the bomb, loaded and fuzed, is to be +carefully lowered into the bore by the hooks, and allowed to rest upon +the charge. + +485. The friction-tube is not put into the vent until the piece is +about to be fired. + + +FUZES. + +486. The wooden fuzes used at present for the 13-inch bombs are in +sections, and marked according to the estimated distance in practice, +viz.: + +Seven inches extreme length; and each section one inch, giving a +flight for every section of seven seconds, and a total of forty-nine +seconds. + +487. The plugs are of the proper size for the fuze-hole; the axis +bored cylindrically from the large end down, to within a short +distance of the small end, which is left solid; the orifice is filled +with composition pressed hard and evenly as possible. At the large end +a cup is hollowed out and filled with mealed powder moistened with +alcohol. + +488. The rate of burning is ascertained by experiment, and marked on a +water-proof cap, which is tied over the cup. + +489. A fuze-saw must be at hand during practice to cut the fuze the +required length. + +490. Fuzes for sea-coast mortars are also driven in a conical paper +case, which is inserted in a metal or wooden plug previously driven in +the fuze-hole and accurately reamed out. + +491. The paper-case fuze is marked with the number of seconds it burns +per inch, and it may be cut, where no danger from ignition can take +place, with a sharp knife. + + +PROCESS OF FILLING BOMBS. + +492. Having been inspected to see that they are clean and dry, place +the bombs on a block made for the purpose, or on grommets of rope, or +on the ground, with the eyes up. The charge, having been carefully +measured, is then poured into the chamber through a funnel, while, at +the same time, the fuze is cut to the proper length by resting it on a +groove made in the block, and sawing it across. The fuze is then tried +in the hole, and should enter 3/4ths of its length; if it does not, it +must be reduced by rasping. + +493. The head of the fuze having been covered with tow to prevent +breaking the composition, the fuze-setter is placed on it, and the +fuze driven with the mallet until the head is about 2/10ths of an inch +above the surface of the bomb. + + +POINTING MORTARS. + +494. First give the elevation by applying the quadrant to the face of +the piece, and adjusting the quoin or ratchet until the required +number of degrees is obtained. + +495. In pointing mortars on shore, it is an easy matter to get the +direction, because the mortar is stationary; but on shipboard, owing +to the motion, it is attended with difficulty, especially when the +vessel is rolling and the line of fire can only be approximate. + +496. On shore, the plan of giving the direction is to determine +practically two fixed points, which shall be in a line with the piece +and the object, and sufficiently near to be readily distinguished by +the eye. These points being covered by a plummet, is the vertical +plane including the line of metal, which becomes the plane of fire. + +497. In mortar-vessels other expedients are resorted to, such as +trunnion-sights, or a white line painted on the mortar-bed parallel to +the axis of the bore when level; but the first plan is preferable. + +498. The circles on which the mortars stand being fitted with +eccentrics, are made to revolve so as to point the mortar at the +object without the trouble of swinging the vessel or moving the mortar +round with handspikes. + +499. Before firing, care must be taken that the eccentrics are thrown +out of gear, and the circle flat upon the platform on which it +revolves. + + +TABLES OF CHARGES, ELEVATIONS, AND RANGES FOR 13-INCH MORTARS. + +500. CHARGES FOR 13-INCH MORTAR-BOMBS. + +---------------------------------------------+-------------+ + Charge. | 13-Inch. | +---------------------------------------------+-------------+ + | lbs. oz. | +Of shell filled | 11 0 | +To burst shell | 6 0 | +To blow out fuze | 0 6 | +Ordinary service-charge | 7 0 | +Incendiary, match, or other composition | 0 8 | +---------------------------------------------+-------------+ + +501. RANGES WITH SEA-COAST 13-INCH MORTARS, 20 deg. ELEVATION. + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + Charge. | Mean Time of | Least | Greatest | Mean | + | Flight. | Range. | Range. | Range. | +---------+--------------+------------+----------+----------+ + Lbs. | Seconds. | Yards. | Yards. | Yards. | + 4 | 8. | 840 | 877 | 869 | + 6 | 9.5 | 1209 | 1317 | 1263 | + 8 | 11.66 | 1653 | 1840 | 1744 | + 10 | 12.50 | 2010 | 2128 | 2066 | + 12 | 14.25 | 2369 | 2688 | 2528 | + 14 | 15.25 | 2664 | 2780 | 2722 | +---------+--------------+------------+----------+----------+ + +502. RANGES WITH 13-INCH MORTARS, AT 45 deg. ELEVATION. + +Weight of Shell, 200 lbs. + ++----------+----------+-----------------+--------+ +| CHARGE. | FLIGHT. | FUZE. | RANGE. | ++----------+----------+-----------------+--------+ +| Lbs. oz. | Seconds. | Inches. 10ths. | Yards. | +| 7 | 21.4 | 4 2-2/3 | 2190 | +| 7 8 | 22.4 | 4 4 | 2346 | +| 8 | 23.2 | 4 6 | 2480 | +| 8 8 | 23.8 | 4 7-1/2 | 2600 | +| 9 | 24.4 | 4 8-3/4 | 2734 | +| 9 8 | 24.9 | 4 9-3/4 | 2853 | +| 10 | 25.4 | 5 1 | 2958 | +| 10 8 | 25.9 | 5 1-3/4 | 3026 | +| 11 | 26.3 | 5 2-1/2 | 3150 | +| 11 8 | 26.7 | 5 3-1/2 | 3246 | +| 12 | 27.0 | 5 4 | 3327 | +| 12 8 | 27.4 | 5 4-3/4 | 3404 | +| 13 | 27.7 | 5 5-1/2 | 3470 | +| 13 8 | 28.0 | 5 6 | 3552 | +| 14 | 28.3 | 5 6-1/2 | 3617 | +| 14 8 | 28.5 | 5 7 | 3681 | +| 15 | 29.0 | 5 8 | 3739 | +| 15 8 | 29.1 | 5 8-1/4 | 3797 | +| 16 | 29.2 | 5 8-1/2 | 3849 | +| 16 8 | 29.4 | 5 8-3/4 | 3901 | +| 17 | 29.6 | 5 9 | 3949 | +| 17 8 | 29.8 | 5 9-1/2 | 3997 | +| 18 | 29.8 | 5 9-3/4 | 4040 | +| 18 8 | 30.0 | 6 | 4085 | +| 19 | 30.2 | 6 0-1/4 | 4123 | +| 19 8 | 30.3 | 6 0-1/2 | 4160 | +| 20 | 30.5 | 6 1 | 4200 | ++----------+----------+-----------------+--------+ + +503. TABLE OF ALLOWANCES. + +Subjoined is a list of articles which are indispensable for the +service required, and must be kept in readiness at or near every +mortar, in some secure position: + + Tube-boxes 4 + Straps for boxes 4 + Quill-tubes 400 + Friction-tubes 600 + Fuze-composition for priming 12 lbs. + Powder-bags 250 + Port-fires 100 + Port fire-sticks 4 + Rasps, half round 4 + Cotton wick 4 lbs. + Hand-hatchets 2 + Sheep-skins 6 + Diagonal scale 1 + Compasses 2 + Copper funnel, 13 in. 1 + Wood mallets 2 + Fuze-extractor 1 + Iron pincers 2 + Augurs 2 + Cutting-knives 2 + Scissors 2 + Thread 1 lb. + Brass quadrants 1 + Sponges with staves, 13 in. 2 + Handspikes 6 + Claw-hammers 1 + Lead plummets 3 + Tallow 20 lbs. + Shell-hooks, 13 in. 2 + Shell-hooks, with thimbles 2 + Cotton quick-match 6 + Punches for mortar-vents 2 + Corkscrews 2 + Blocks for driving fuzes 2 + Drifts of iron tapped with copper 4 + Copper ladles for fuzes 2 + Leather buckets 3 + Elm plugs 60 + Brass pickers 2 + + +SPARE ARTICLES. + + Cap-squares + Eye-pins + Keys for pintles, large 2 + Keys for pintles, small 2 + Washers 2 + Bolts, traversing 4 + Bolts, dog 4 + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[44] If the Spirit-Level should be damaged, he will apply the Gunner's +Quadrant to the face of the mortar. + +[45] To lessen the shock of the discharge and the concussion on the ear, +the crew should be instructed to stand on their toes at the moment of +firing, keeping at the same time their mouths and ears open. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +MISCELLANEOUS OPERATIONS. + + +GETTING IN GUNS ON COVERED DECKS. + +504. After bracing the yard over the port through which it is intended +to take the guns, secure the lizard round the yard five or six feet +outside of the ship, and hook the top burtons just outside of the +lizard. + +Haul taut, and bring an equal strain on the burtons and lifts. Hook a +rolling-tackle on the opposite side of the yard, bowse it well taut, +and the trusses also, if they be of rope. Pass the end of the pendant +of the gun-purchase through the thimble of the lizard; take the end up +and make it fast round the top-mast, just above the lower cap. Have +the port lined with pine boards, to keep it from being chafed. + +Bore a hole in the deck or decks through which it is intended to pass +the garnet, as nearly as possible over the rear end of the +gun-carriage, and as near in line with the centre of the port into +which the guns are to come as the beams will allow. Pass the upper end +of the garnet through the hole, and turn in the thimble, to which hook +the pendant-tackle. Place a tackle across the deck ready for bowsing +the gun into its carriage through the port. + +Bring the gun under the yard and sling it as follows: place one bight +of the slings under the neck of the cascabel, and pass the lashing +which is attached to the slings round the chase, at such a distance +from the trunnions as will allow them to go into the trunnion-holes +without bringing too great a pressure of the slings against the upper +port-sill. Then toggle or hook the gun-purchase to the outer bight of +the slings, and sway away. When the breech of the gun is above the +port-sill, hook the garnet and the thwart-ship-tackle to the cascabel, +and bowse on both. When the slings bear hard on the upper port-sill, +lower the gun-purchase, and bowse on the garnet until the breech is +high enough for the trunnions to clear the cap-square bolts in the +carriage; then bowse on the thwart-ship-tackle until the trunnions are +over the trunnion-holes, lowering the purchase as required to bring +the gun into its place. + +As each gun is mounted unhook the purchase and garnet, take off the +slings, run the carriage to its proper port, and place another for the +next gun. + + +TAKING IN GUNS OVER ALL. + +505. Sling the gun slightly breech-heavy, to render it more +manageable. If it is to be mounted on the spar-deck, place the +carriage in the gangway; if on the main-deck, close to the main +hatchway on that deck. In place of the garnet, hook the stay-purchase +for lowering the gun into its carriage. + + +GETTING OUT GUNS THROUGH PORTS. + +506. Secure the yard as in getting in guns, and sling the gun in the +same manner. Hook the garnet and haul it taut, so as to raise the +breech of the gun as much as the port-sill will permit; hook or toggle +the gun-purchase, and sway away. As soon as the trunnions are clear of +the carriage haul it from under the gun, ease away the garnet, and let +the gun go out the port. As soon as the gun is perpendicular to the +purchase, unhook the garnet and lower the gun into the lighter, or on +the wharf, as the case may be. + +If the gun is to be taken out over all, the stay-tackle is to be +substituted for the garnet, only it is to be hooked to the same end of +the slings as the gun-purchase, and the lashing on the slings is to be +passed around the chase of the gun, as near the trunnions as possible, +without being in the way of the brackets. + + +MANNER OF USING THE GRIOLET PURCHASE FOR DISMOUNTING OR MOUNTING GUNS +ON COVERED DECKS. + +507. In practice, guns are rarely shifted from one carriage to another +during action: it is only during a cessation of firing. While the +action is going on, the crew of a disabled gun are more usefully +employed in replacing the killed and wounded. Furthermore, spare +carriages are not so numerous as to permit this operation to be +performed frequently. Nevertheless, each gun's crew should be +thoroughly exercised, in order to develop their strength and skill. + +508. The gun is to be run in, in the direction required to bring the +muzzle under the housing-bolt, and the breech under the hole bored in +the deck to receive the screw-bolt of the upper block of the +breech-purchase. This hole should be bored through the plank in the +deck, as nearly abreast the middle of the port as the beams will +allow, giving the block room to play clear of the beams and carlings. + +With a gun's crew of twelve men the operation may be performed as +follows: + +At the word "Stand by to dismount!" the Quarter-Gunner of the division +on the deck above that in which the gun is to be dismounted removes +the screw-tap, and stands ready to place the washer, key and un-key +the bolt of the breech-purchase block. + +All the numbers, except 1, 2, 3, and 4, man the train-tackle. + +No. 1 gives the word "Run in!" + +While the gun is coming in, Nos. 1 and 2 remove breeching from jaws of +cascabel, and 7 and 8 remove it from side-shackle. Nos. 1 and 2 throw +its bight over the reinforce. No. 1 removes sight-bar and screws up +the thumb-screw firmly. + + +When the gun is in position--Nos. 1 and 2 adjust upper and lower block +of breech-purchase and secure the latter with the cascabel-pin. Nos. 3 +and 4 chock fore-trucks, provide muzzle-purchase, and, assisted if +necessary by 5 and 6, adjust its upper block. Nos. 5 and 6 unshackle +breeching from ship's side, and shove toggle-block of muzzle-purchase +into the bore and back it to the breech-purchase. + +Nos. 7 and 8 un-key and throw back cap-squares and choke luffs of +side-tackles, or, if rolling deeply, hitch them round the straps of +the blocks. + +Nos. 9 and 10 provide breech-purchase and assist 1 and 2 in adjusting +it. + +No. 11 chokes luff of train-tackle, or hitches it, if required; +provides and hooks tackle of muzzle-purchase; belays and lowers. + +No. 12 provides and hooks tackle of breech-purchase; belays and +lowers. + +These preparations made, all the numbers man the breech-tackle fall, +or divide themselves to bowse upon both falls together, as the +position of the gun in the battery may render either mode most +convenient. + +At the word "Dismount!" the gun is swayed out of the carriage. + +Nos. 3 and 4 attend chocking-quoins, and 11 attends train-tackle, if +required. + +All the numbers, excepting 11 and 12, who attend purchase-falls, move +up to their ordinary stations for serving the gun, unhook +side-tackles, and remove the old carriage, under the direction of No. +1: and-- + +At the word "Mount!" the same men bring the new carriage into position +for mounting. + +At the word "Lower!" Nos. 11 and 12 lower the gun into its place; all +the numbers then proceed, respectively, to reverse what they had done +in dismounting. + +Guns on covered decks may also be dismounted by means of a +muzzle-lashing, the runner and the train-tackles, assisted by the +handspikes. + +The gun is run in and laid square under the housing-bolt, the bed and +quoin removed, the muzzle elevated and secured as in the housing +position; then, after un-keying and throwing back the cap-squares, the +breech is bowsed up clear of the carriage by means of the +train-tackle, hooked in the eye of a runner, the block of which hooks +in an eye-bolt in the beam over the gun. If preferred, this mode of +dismounting may be adopted by substituting the muzzle-lashing for the +toggle-block of the griolet, and toggling the runner-block in the hole +made in the deck for the breech-purchase of the griolet. + + +THROWING GUNS OVERBOARD. + +509. The gun's crew being assembled at Quarters, remove the pin and +chock from the cascabel, into the jaws of which place a selvagee +strap; hook the double block of the train-tackle into the housing-bolt +over the port, and its single block into the selvagee strap; remove +the cap-squares, and place a round block of wood on the sill of the +port, high enough to let the chase bear on it when slightly depressed; +raise the breech as much as possible, without lifting the gun out of +the carriage. When all is ready man the train-tackle well; have the +handspikemen also ready to assist in raising the breech; and if the +vessel is not rolling, it will be well to have additional handspikes +under the rear of the carriage to lift it also, so as to give free +egress to the gun. When all is ready, give the order: "All +together--launch!" In a gale of wind advantage should be taken of a +favorable roll to give the word, that the action of the sea and of the +men at the guns may be simultaneous. + +If the guns are to be thrown overboard for the purpose of lightening a +ship which is aground, they must be buoyed, and care is to be taken +that each buoy-rope is of a proper length and strong enough to weigh +the gun. The best mode of securing the buoy-rope to the gun is to form +a clinch or splice an eye in the end which goes over the cascabel, and +take a half-hitch with the bight around the chase of the gun, and stop +it with spun-yarn. + +The buoy must be sufficient to float the rope when saturated; or, in +deep water, a smaller line may be used for the buoy, and attached to +the rope intended for weighing the gun, that it may be hauled up when +wanted. + + + + +PART II. + +EQUIPMENT AND MANOEUVRE + +OF + +BOATS. + + + + +EQUIPMENT AND MANOEUVRE + +OF + +BOATS. + + +EQUIPMENT OF BOATS. + +WHEN DIRECTED TO BE MANNED AND ARMED FOR SERVICE. + + +1. Boats must be provided according to the time of absence and nature +of the service they are to perform, keeping in view the details +prescribed in Table (Article 5). + +The number and class of Boat-Howitzers are assigned by the Bureau of +Ordnance. + +2. When boats manned and armed are ordered, the Officers detailed to +command them will see that they are thus furnished, and report when +the boats are ready. They will also see that all articles are safely +returned, or duly accounted for, when the boats return to the vessel. + +If the boats are directed to assemble alongside of any particular +vessel, the officers must report as they arrive there. If signalled +alongside of the ship of the Commander of the Squadron for exercise or +for inspection, they are to be inspected, if he shall so direct, by an +Officer appointed by him, whose duty it shall be to report those which +may be particularly well prepared, and those which he may find +deficient in equipment or arrangement, specifying particulars. + +3. Whenever the Howitzers are to be used in boats they must be fitted +for the purpose as directed in "EXERCISE AND MANOEUVRE OF +BOAT-HOWITZERS;" their crews being armed with swords and revolvers. + +4. Boarding-parties are to be supplied with swords, revolvers, and +rifles loading at the breech, with filled cartridge-boxes. + +EQUIPMENT OF BOATS ARMED FOR SERVICE. + +5.--TABLE OF BOAT EQUIPMENTS, ARMS, AND STORES FOR EXPEDITIONS + +KEY: +A: LINE SHIPS AND 1ST CLASS SCREW FRIGATES. +B: ALL OTHER FRIGATES. +C: RAZEED FRIGATES AND 1ST CLASS SCREW SLOOPS. +D: ALL OTHER SLOOPS AND BRIGS. +E: LAUNCHES +F: 1st and 2nd CUTTERS. +G: 3rd and 4th CUTTERS. +H: 1st CUTTERS. +I: 2nd and 3rd CUTTERS. +J: 3rd CUTTERS. + +------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+ + | | A | B | +DEPARTMENTS.| NAMES OF +-----------+-----------------+ + | ARTICLES. | E | F | G | E | F | G | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ + |Boat-Carriage, complete |1ea|1ea|-- |1ea|1 to 1st |-- | + |Field-Carriage, complete |-- |1ea|-- |1ea| -- |-- | + | Ammunition-Chests |Either one or all, as the | + | (various in size | nature of the service may | + | & contents) | require. | + | | | + | Ammunition-Pouches |One for each man of the | + | | field-howitzer's crew, | + | | except Nos. 1 & 3. | + | | | + |Match-Rope (lengths)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Primers (tin-boxes)|2ea|2ea|-- |2ea|2 to 1st |-- | + |Spare Lock, complete |1ea|1ea|-- |1ea| 1 ea. |-- | +GUNNER'S. |Haversack for Captain | | | | | | | + | of Howitzer |One for each field gun. | + |Swords |One for each man in the boat.| + | | | + |Breech-Loading Arms |One for each man of the | + | |boat's crew. | + | | | + |Minie-Rifles |When extra men in the boat, | + | |one for each. | + | | | + |Revolvers |One for each man of the | + | |boat's crew. | + | | | + |Cartridge-boxes, filled |One for each rifle, | + | |breech-loading gun, and | + | |revolver. | + | | | + |Empty Powder-Tank, as a | | | | | | | + | Magazine. |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Boat Arm-Chest |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ + |Masts and Spars (set)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Cranes for Spars and | | | | | | | + | Spare Oars (set)|1ea|-- |-- |1ea| -- |-- | + |Set of Oars |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| +CARPENTER'S |Spare Oars for one | | | | | | | + | Thwart (set)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Boat-Hooks |3ea|3ea|3ea|3ea| 3 ea. |3ea| + |Tools and articles | | | | | | | + | for repairing | | | | | | | + | damages (set fixed)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Bucket |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Tarpaulin |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ +SAILMAKER'S.|Sails (set)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Awning |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Tent-Awning (see drawing)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ +BOATSWAIN'S.|Thrum-Mats for muffling | | | | | | | + | oars (sets)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Hand-Grapnels |2ea|2ea|1ea|2ea| 2 ea. |1ea| + |Anchors |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Chain or Rope for | | | | | | | + | Anchor (15 f'ms long)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Marlinspike |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Spun-Yarn (balls of)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Grease (lbs.)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Fishing-Lines and Hooks |Three lines for the larger | + | |boats and two for the | + | |smaller, with 1 dozen | + | |assorted hooks per boat. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ +MASTER'S. |Boat-Compasses |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Lead and Line |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Signals (sets)|One for the senior officer of| + | | the boats belonging to each | + | | ship. | + | | | + |Spy-Glasses |One for the senior officer of| + | | the boats belonging to each | + | | ship. | + | | | + |Ensign |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Lantern |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Candles (lbs.)|1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| + |Tinder-Box, with Flint | | | | | | | + | and Steel |1ea|1ea|1ea|1ea| 1 ea. |1ea| +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ +YEOMAN'S. |Boat-Stove and utensils | | | | | | | + | for cooking (set)|1ea|-- |-- |1ea| -- |-- | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ +MASTER'S. |Fuel (quantity)|As may be judged necessary. | + |Breakers of Water (number)|To be regulated, like the | + | |fuel, according to the | + | |nature of the expedition and | + | |ballast required. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ +PAYMASTER'S.|Provisions |To be regulated, like the | + | |fuel, according to the | + | |nature of the expedition and | + | |ballast required. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ +SURGEON'S. |Articles for treatment of |To be regulated, like the | + | sick and wounded |fuel, according to the | + | |nature of the expedition and | + | |ballast required. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---------+---+ + +[Part 2] + +------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+ + | | C | D | +DEPARTMENTS.| NAMES OF +------------------+-----------+ + | ARTICLES. | E | H | I | E | F | J | +------------+-----------------------------+----+----+--------+---+---+---+ + |Boat-Carriage, complete | 1 | 1 | -- | 1 |-- |-- | + |Field-Carriage, complete | 1 | -- | -- | 1 | | | + | Ammunition-Chests |Either one or all,| | | | + | (various in size |as the nature of | | | | + | & contents) |the service may | | | | + | |require. | | | | + | Ammunition-Pouches |One for each man | | | | + | |of the field- | | | | + | |howitzer's crew, | | | | + | |except Nos. 1 & 3.| | | | + |Match-Rope (lengths)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Primers (tin-boxes)| 2 | 2 | -- | 2 | | | + |Spare Lock, complete | 1 | 1 | -- | 1 | | | +GUNNER'S. |Haversack for Captain |One for each | | | | + | of Howitzer |field gun. | | | | + |Swords |One for each man | | | | + | |in the boat. | | | | + |Breech-Loading Arms |One for each man | | | | + | |of the boat's | | | | + | |crew. | | | | + |Minie-Rifles |When extra men in | | | | + | |the boat, one for | | | | + | |each. | | | | + |Revolvers |One for each man | | | | + | |of the boat's | | | | + | |crew. | | | | + |Cartridge-boxes, filled |One for each | | | | + | |rifle, breech- | | | | + | |loading gun, and | | | | + | |revolver. | | | | + |Empty Powder-Tank, as a | | | | | | | + | Magazine. | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Boat Arm-Chest | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ + |Masts and Spars (set)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Cranes for Spars and | | | | | | | + | Spare Oars (set)| 1 |-- | -- | 1 |-- |-- | + |Set of Oars | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | +CARPENTER'S |Spare Oars for one | | | | | | | + | Thwart (set)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Boat-Hooks | 3 | 3 | 3ea | 3 |3ea| 3 | + |Tools and articles | | | | | | | + | for repairing | | | | | | | + | damages (set fixed)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Bucket | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Tarpaulin | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ +SAILMAKER'S.|Sails (set)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Awning | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Tent-Awning (see drawing)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ +BOATSWAIN'S.|Thrum-Mats for muffling | | | | | | | + | oars (sets)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Hand-Grapnels | 2 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Anchors | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Chain or Rope for | | | | | | | + | Anchor (15 f'ms long)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Marlinspike | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Spun-Yarn (balls of)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Grease (lbs.)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Fishing-Lines and Hooks |Three lines for the larger | + | |boats and two for the | + | |smaller, with 1 dozen | + | |assorted hooks per boat. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ +MASTER'S. |Boat-Compasses | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Lead and Line | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Signals (sets)|One for the senior| | | | + | |officer of the | | | | + | |boats belonging to| | | | + | |each ship. | | | | + |Spy-Glasses |One for the senior| | | | + | |officer of the | | | | + | |boats belonging to| | | | + | |each ship. | | | | + |Ensign | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Lantern | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Candles (lbs.)| 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | + |Tinder-Box, with Flint | | | | | | | + | and Steel | 1 | 1 | 1ea | 1 |1ea| 1 | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ +YEOMAN'S. |Boat-Stove and utensils | | | | | | | + | for cooking (set)|1ea|-- | -- |1ea|-- |-- | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ +MASTER'S. |Fuel (quantity)|As may be judged necessary. | + |Breakers of Water (number)|To be regulated, like the | + | |fuel, according to the | + | |nature of the expedition and | + | |ballast required. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ +PAYMASTER'S.|Provisions |To be regulated, like the | + | | fuel, according to the | + | |nature of the expedition and | + | | ballast required. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ +SURGEON'S. |Articles for treatment of |To be regulated, like the | + | sick and wounded | fuel, according to the | + | | nature of the expedition and | + | | ballast required. | +------------+-----------------------------+---+---+----------+---+---+---+ + + +DETAILS OF THE FOREGOING TABLE. + +FIXTURES IN BOATS FOR BOAT-GUNS. + +6. Two eye-bolts on each bow, to receive the hooks of the skid; two +cross-pieces, of yellow pine, to bear the carriage, so as to carry the +muzzle of the howitzer just above and clear of the gunwale and stem. + +One piece of yellow pine scantling, placed lengthwise and amidship, +mortised into the rear cross-piece to sustain the carriage in +sweeping. + + +MOVABLE PIECES. + +7. Six pivot plates and bolts--one at the stem, one at the stern, one +at each bow, and one on each quarter; two light wooden tracks to lay +along the thwarts for the wheels of field-carriages and the slide of +boat-carriage; one midship wheel-track for the trail of +field-carriage; two stout skids, each fitted at one end with two +hooks, and connected at the shore end by an iron brace. + +The chocks with rollers at the stem and stern posts of launches, are +arranged to be removed when the gun is used. + +8. _Implements for Shifting the Howitzer from Boat to Field-Carriage._ + + One muzzle-block. + One selvagee strap. + One shifting-spar. + One short iron or wooden bolt, to keep the piece on the right slue. + +9. _Implements, complete, for Serving and Working the Howitzer._ + + Breeching for boat-gun, if deemed necessary. + Lock with lock-string. + Elevating screw. + Sight. + Priming-wire. + Boring-bit. + Vent-cloth. + Sponge and rammer. + " " spare. + Spring-spike. + Rat-tail file. + Haversack, with strap, for Captain of howitzer, to contain a + supply of primers, spare fuzes, spare lock, vent-bit, vent-cloth, + and implements for spiking; leather ammunition-pouches for each + of the men of the field-gun, except Nos. 1 and 3, to be supplied + by the Quarter Gunner, with one round of ammunition each, and two + primers, when the order to land is given. + Drag-rope, fitted with hooks and handles. + Trail handspike. + A rope, or chain, to lock the wheels in descending slopes. + Transporting-boxes. + + +10. AMMUNITION. + + A chest containing shrapnel. + A chest containing shell. + A chest containing canister. + +These chests are of two sizes; the single, holding nine, and double, +eighteen rounds. + +A key is becketed to each box for unscrewing the lid. + +Cutting-tool for opening the Bormann fuze, one in each box of shell +and shrapnel. + + +FOR SMALL ARMS. + +11. Cartridge-boxes and belts, furnished with cartridges and +percussion-caps, screw-driver, cone-key, and wiper. + +An empty powder-tank for magazine, to contain filled cartridge-boxes +and spare cartridges. + + +SMALL ARMS. + +12. Breech-loaders, in loops or brackets, under the gunwale of the +boat, protected by a water-proof canvas covering, running round the +rising of the boat. + + Rifles. + Revolvers. + Swords. + Boat arm-chest. + A good tarpaulin to cover ammunition. + +13. PROVISIONS. + + Pork. To be cooked if there be time. + Bread, in water-proof bag. + Cheese, or canned meats. + Fresh water, in breakers; always to be used for ballast when ballast + is required. + Fuel and kindling. + +14. UTENSILS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR COOKING. + + Launch-stove and utensils. + Mess-kettle. + Tin pots and spoons. + Funnel. + Bucket. + +15. TOOLS AND ARTICLES FOR REPAIRING DAMAGES. + + Axe, One for each boat. + Hatchet, One for each boat. + Hammer, One for each boat. + Hand-saw, One for each boat. + Nails, 2 pds. for each launch; 1-1/2 pds. for each large cutter; + and 1 pd. for each of the rest. + Sheet-lead, 3 square feet for each launch; and 2 square feet for + each cutter. + Tacks (number), 100 for each launch; 75 for each large cutter; + and 50 for each of the rest. + Marlinspike. + Spun-yarn. + Grease. + +16. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. + + Boat ensign. + Set of signals for boat of Senior Officer. + Boat-compass. + Spy-glass. + Lead and line. + Lantern. + Candles. + Tinder-box, with flint and steel. + Fishing-lines and hooks. + +17. FOR TREATMENT OF SICK AND WOUNDED. + + Tourniquets. + Bandages. + Lint. + Medicines. + Surgical instruments. + +18. BOAT-GEAR. + + Masts. + Spars. + Rigging. + A set of oars, fitted with trailing-lines long enough to allow them + to trail alongside in the water. + Three boat-hooks. + Spare oars, with trailing-lines, for one thwart. + Cranes on the gunwale to hold spars and spare oars, raised + sufficiently high above the gunwale (9 inches) to allow the oars + to be got out or trailed. The spars thus arranged form a + considerable protection against musketry. + Small thrum-mats for muffling oars when required. + Anchor. + Chain or rope. + + Hand-grapnels, fitted with a fathom of light chain, and five + fathoms of line. + Sails. + Awning and stanchions. + Tent awning. (_See_ Drawing.) + +N.B.--In order to avoid delay and confusion when boats are called away +for service, it is recommended that the articles required by the +foregoing lists should be kept separately in the store-rooms, in +convenient packages for stowage in the boats and protection against +the weather. The contents of each package must be marked on it, +together with the name of the boat for which it is intended. +Particular attention should be paid by the Executive Officer of the +vessel to the best and most compact stowage of all articles required +for boat expeditions, which will, necessarily, vary according to the +size of the boat and the nature of the service she is to perform. The +occasions will be very rare when all of these articles are required at +the same time. + + +FORM OF EXERCISE AND MANOEUVRE + +FOR THE BOAT-HOWITZERS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY. + + +NOMENCLATURE. + +19. THE CASCABEL is the part of the gun in the rear of the base-ring; +and is composed of-- + + The breech-plate. + The knob. + The neck. + Base-ring. + Cylinder. + Chase. + Loop, with hole for bolt. + Lock-lugs. + Mass-sight. + Mass for breech-sight. + +The BORE includes all the part bored out, viz.: + + Cylinder of bore. + Chamber. + +These guns must not be polished bright. + + +BOAT-CARRIAGE COMPLETE, consists of-- + + Bed. + Slide. + Compressor-plate. + Compressor-bolts. + Compressor-handles. + Lugs for loop. + + +FIELD-CARRIAGE COMPLETE, consists of-- + + Axle. + Trail. + Braces. + Supports for transporting boxes. + Lugs for loop. + Trail-wheel or runner. + Bolt for trail-wheel or runner. + Socket for handspike. + Elevator. + Disk of elevator. + Box for elevator. + +[Illustration: HOWITZER AND BOAT CARRIAGE. D. Van Nostrand Publisher. +Julius Bien, pr.] + +[Illustration: HOWITZER ON FIELD CARRIAGE. D. Van Nostrand Publisher. +Julius Bien, pr.] + + +EXERCISE OF THE BOAT-HOWITZER. + + +20. While preparations are in progress for clearing out the boats, the +Officer of each boat will see that the howitzer, and its various +equipments, are also in readiness. The Junior Officer or Officer of +the piece will attend to the gun itself and its carriages. + +The Quarter Gunner will get up the ammunition from below; also the +lock, sights, sponges, spare fuzes, ammunition-pouches, and primers. +Spare article box. + +This will be the proper time for examining the shrapnel and shells, +which must receive the particular attention of the Officer who is to +command the boat. + +The Captain of the gun will look after the traverses, tracks, and +pivot-plates. + +The Coxswain will have ready the thwarts, oars, masts and sails. + +When the boat has been cleared for hoisting out, lay the thwarts and +traverses, and bolt the pivot-plates on the bows and quarters; if the +stem and stern pivot-plates interfere with the purchases, they can be +secured after the boat is in the water. If the field-carriage is to +accompany the gun, lay the wheel and trail tracks. + +In a sea-way, it may be better to place the howitzer in the launch, +laying it athwartships, and bolting the two ends of the slide into the +bow pivot-plates, which will hold it perfectly firm. + +As a general rule, the howitzer is not to be handled separately from +one of its carriages. It may be hoisted into the launch on either +field or boat carriage, as circumstances may dictate. + +When the boat-carriage is preferred, sling it with a stout strap +passed through the loop-lugs and brought up round the gun, into which +hook the purchase; previously shove the bed a little towards the rear +end of the slide, so that the carriage will hang square, and set the +compressors tight. + +When the boat has been hoisted out, the howitzer, its ammunition, and +equipments, should be stowed in it conformably to the requirements of +the occasion. + +Ordinarily, the howitzer may be placed in the bow on its +boat-carriage, bolted to the stem-pivot; the field-carriage aft, with +its wheels resting on the floor of the stern-sheets and bearing +against the after thwart; the trail laid over the quarter-rail, so as +not to interfere with the steering; and the ammunition stowed in the +stern-sheets, or elsewhere, as may be most convenient for trim of +boat, or for its own preservation. + +These arrangements can be subsequently changed as circumstances may +require. + +The Captain of the howitzer slings his haversack and deposits in it a +supply of primers, a vent-bit, and vent-cloth, which are handed to him +by the Quarter Gunner. + +The equipment of the boat will be much facilitated by assigning to +each man special duties of preparation and providing articles. + +As the bow-oars cannot well be pulled when the howitzer is mounted in +the bow, Nos. 1 and 2 do not ordinarily assist at the oars. + +[Illustration: FRIGATES LAUNCH D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, +pr.] + + +STATIONS. + +21. For 20 men the stations in the boat and at the howitzer will be as +follows; if fewer are employed, the higher numbers are to be omitted: + + BOAT. | HOWITZER. + | + _Stations._ | _Duty._ + | +Quarter Master, Stern-Sheets. | Signals and assists with ammunition. +Quarter Gunner, Ammunition. | Ammunition. +Cockswain, Helm. | +Chief of Piece, Bow. | Superintends the firing. + | +_Port._ _Starboard._ | + | + 1. ---- Bow-oar. | Captain of howitzer, points and fires the + If the lock and sight are on | gun, superintends orders, and gives + left side Captain will take | orders in absence of an Officer. + station on port side. | + | + | + 2. Bow-oar. ---- | 2d Captain, tends vent and primes. + 3. ---- 2d oar. | Sponger, sponges and pushes home charge. + 4. 2d oar. ---- | Loader, receives and enters ammunition. + 5. ---- 3d oar. | Tends forward compressor. + 6. 3d oar. ---- | Tends after compressor. + 7. ---- 4th oar. | Train rope. + 8. 4th oar. ---- | + 9. ---- 5th oar. | +10. 5th oar. ---- | +11. ---- 6th oar. | +12. 6th oar. ---- | +13. ---- 7th oar. | +14. 7th oar. ---- | +15. ---- 8th oar. | +16. 8th oar. ---- | +17. ---- 9th oar. | Runs field-carriage forward when landing. +18. 9th oar. ---- | Runs field-carriage forward when landing. + | + +Officer of boat directs the whole of the operations, or may take +especial charge of the howitzer. + +Officer of the gun is in command of the piece, unless otherwise +ordered by the Officer of the boat. + + +(Preliminary Order)--"MAN THE HOWITZER!" + +22. The Captain of the gun sees that the elevator, sight and lock are +in order for firing. + +Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Trail oars. + +No. 3 goes to starboard side of muzzle, having the sponge and rammer +ready. + +No. 4 goes to port side of muzzle, takes out tompion. + +No. 5 to starboard side, near forward compressor. + +No. 6 port side, near after compressor. + +No. 7 after-end of slide, and hooks training-rope. + +No. 2 tends the vent and puts in primer. + +If the gun is unloaded, it must be run in. + + +I. "SPONGE!" + +23. No. 2 closes vent, (_a_) + +No. 3 enters the sponge, and, pressing it firmly to the bottom of +bore, turns it round and withdraws it. (_b_) + +Quarter Gunner takes a round from the ammunition-box, and, if shell or +shrapnel be used, holds it for the Officer in command of gun to adjust +the fuze. + + +II. "LOAD!" + +24. Quarter Gunner passes forward with the fixed charge, protecting it +under his jacket, (_c_) + +No. 4 receives the charge from Quarter Gunner and enters it. + +No. 3 pushes home to the mark on rammer-handle, (_d_) + +No. 2 puts in primer and covers it with his hand until Nos. 3 and 4 +are clear of the gun. (_e_) + + +III. "POINT!" + +25. Nos. 5 and 6 ease compressors. (_f_) + +All six men and Captain of gun run out the howitzer, (_g_) + +Nos. 5 and 6 then tighten compressors. + +Officer of gun puts up the sight as directed by Officer of boat. (_h_) + +Captain of gun brings the elevation within the limits of the boat's +motion, and causes No. 7, with the assistance of some others, to train +nearly to object if the boat is under way. + + +IV. "FIRE!" + +26. If the boat has motion, or is under way, a discretionary execution +of this order is necessarily implied. + +The assumed elevation having been given by the elevator, a slight +motion of the helm is made to sweep the piece laterally, so as to +cross the object. + +The Captain of the gun closely watches this movement, with his eye +down on the sights, and holding the lock-lanyard firmly, draws it as +soon as the sights coincide with the object. + +Immediately after firing he coils up the lanyard and pulls from the +vent any pieces of the quill that may remain, and also enters the bit +to clear it entirely through, (_i_) + + +NOTES TO THE FORM OF BOAT EXERCISE. + +27. (a) The necessity for closing the vent is a mooted question; but +as the operation itself is a slight one, having no appreciable effect +in complicating or delaying the manoeuvre of the gun, it is not deemed +advisable to omit it in this "Form." An equally sure method, is merely +to lay a piece of untwilled woollen cloth over the vent, and press it +down with the hand; or else turn the lock on it, and hold that down. + +(b) Too much care cannot be used in sponging, as a premature explosion +endangers life and limb. A moist sponge is to be preferred, for +contact with it must surely extinguish every trace of fire in the +bore. + +It may be considered as a safeguard against accident, for during many +years' practice, in proving pieces and exercising the men to fire +rapidly--ordinarily, seven or eight times in a minute--not a single +instance of premature explosion has occurred. + +(c) The head of the fuze-composition must be guarded against moisture +from the fingers, rain, or spray of the sea; otherwise, there will be +a failure to ignite. + +(d) The ammunition is never to be struck with the rammer-head, but +pushed home, and with very moderate force; particularly omitting a +very common practice of forcing the charge after it reaches the bottom +of the bore. In pushing home the charge, No. 2 should always keep his +body at the side of the chase, and not before the muzzle. + +(e) It is not necessary to pierce the cartridge when +percussion-primers are used; their fire being always sufficient to +pass through it. + +(f) It is only necessary to give the compressors a turn, or a part of +a turn; this will relieve the nip completely, and time is saved +subsequently in compressing. + +(g) Some will take hold of the standard of the carriage-bed that +receives the loop of the piece, others of the breech or bed, as may be +convenient, to run out the gun. + +(h) In tightening the thumb-screw that holds the breech-sight in +position, do not turn it too hard; the thread may be stripped by +continuing to do so. The sight may descend by the shock of the +discharge, but this is of no moment. + +In point-blank firing, the breech-sight is not required; the eye must +then range along the cylinder and muzzle-sight. + +(i) The charge may not be fired; if this arises from not properly +drawing the lock, it will be evident at sight, as the wafer of the +primer will not flash; in this case No. 2 throws back the lock. + +If the primer explodes without acting on the charge, care must be +taken not to approach the piece too soon, as it may only hang fire, +and the recoil will injure any one in the way of it. After a +seasonable pause, the Captain of the howitzer will remove the residue +of the primer, pass the bit down the vent, and insert another primer. + + +PIVOTING THE HOWITZER. + +28. The sweep allowed by the stem-pivot is about one point and a half, +starboard or port; if this is not sufficient to train the piece on the +object, without diverging too much from the course or position of the +boat, then the bow-pivots may be used. + +The Officer of the boat gives the order-- + +"PIVOT ON THE PORT (OR STARBOARD) BOW!" + +29. No. 7, with the assistance of the others, trains the rear end of +the slide into the bow-pivot which is not to be used. No. 2 bolts it +in. No. 3 draws bolt out of stem-pivot, and, with assistance, draws +round the forward end of the slide into the pivot to be used; drops in +the bolt. No. 2 withdraws the bolt from rear end of slide. + +The sweep on the bow-pivots includes an arc of about 120 degrees. + +It is not advisable to train the howitzer more than a point abaft the +beam if forward, or more than a point forward the beam if aft; as the +accidental explosion of a shell near the muzzle, and even of a +shrapnel, might be dangerous to those in the boat. + +On the bow-pivot, the piece may be pointed nearly from the direction +of the keel to a little abaft the beam. + + +SHIFTING THE HOWITZER. + +30. If the howitzer does not bear on the object with such assistance +as is admissible from the helm, then the Officer in command may direct +it to be shifted to the other end of the boat. + +The light 12-pounders, with their boat-carriages, average 660 pounds +each; and can be transported by hand from one end of the boat to +another. + +With their boat-carriages, the 12-pounders of 750 average 1,200 pounds +each; the 24-pounders about 2,000 pounds, and will probably be more +conveniently managed, especially if the boat has motion, by placing +rollers 2-1/2 to 2-3/4 inches in diameter on the tracks laid for the +field-carriage. On these the boat-carriage can be shifted from one end +of the boat to the other, using light falls to keep it under command. + + +DISEMBARKATION OF THE HOWITZER. + +I. "PREPARE TO LAND!" + +31. The Quarter Gunner fills the pouches with one round each, and +passes them to the men, each of whom, except Nos. 1 and 3, slings a +pouch over the right shoulder, and buckles the strap as short as +possible, so as to keep the ammunition clear of the water when leaving +the boat. + +The Captain of the gun also shortens the strap of his haversack. + + +"TRAIL BOW AND STROKE OARS!" + +32. Nos. 1 and 2 adjust the bed of the boat-carriage to its proper +place on the slide for shifting; place the muzzle-block, and make the +muzzle bear on it by means of the elevator; pass the strap around the +neck of the cascabel and put the shifting-spar through the strap; the +Quarter Gunner, assisted by the men from the after oars, raises the +field-carriage up on the tracks. + + +II. "TRAIL!" + +33. The boat being beached in season, the men trail oars and jump to +their stations. + +Nos. 3 and 4 over the bow to adjust the skids, which are launched by +Nos. 5 and 6. + +No. 2 attends the elevator. + +No. 3 attends the muzzle. + +Nos. 8, 10, 11, and 13, the shifting-spar, assisted by as many of the +crew as can take hold. + +No. 7 draws the loop-bolt. + +The Stroke Oarsmen run the field-carriage forward, the Quarter Gunner +guiding it on the track by the trail. + + +III. "SHIFT THE HOWITZER!" + +34. Nos. 1 and 2 clear the elevator; heave up the breech of the gun by +the spar; Nos. 5 and 6 back the bed on the slide; run the +field-carriage a little forward, so that its lugs come under the loop +of the howitzer; lower the piece; put in the loop-bolt and elevator; +hook on the drag-rope and ship the trail-handspike in its socket. + + +IV. "LAND!" + +35. Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 now jump out of the boat, and, with Nos. 3 and +4, divide to each skid; not standing between them, but keeping outside +of them. The Stroke Oarsmen wheel the piece up to the gunwale by the +spokes, the Quarter Gunner guiding the trail by the trail-handspike, +and the rest of the crew take hold of the drag-rope to ease the gun +down from the bow, the Quarter Gunner still guiding it down the skids. + +When down off the skids and on the bottom, the drag-rope is hooked +around the axle, and the howitzer run up on the beach. + +The Captain of the howitzer superintends and assists whenever it may +be necessary. + +The sponges and rammers are now to be attached in their places on the +trail. + +The transporting-boxes will also be filled. + + +EMBARKATION OF THE HOWITZER. + +36. When the howitzer is to be embarked, the transporting-boxes should +be taken off and put in the boat separately. + +The men unsling the ammunition-pouches, and pass them into the boat, +which is to be brought to a convenient distance from the beach, and +the skids laid and secured. + +The field-carriage is then pointed with the trail towards the boat, +and drawn down to the skids, with a wheel resting on each. + +Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 divide at the wheels, and take hold of the +spokes, so as to assist the carriage up. No. 14 ships the +trail-handspike and tends it with No. 15. The rest of the men get into +the boat and take hold of the drag-rope. At the word "HEAVE!" the men +at the wheels bear the carriage up on the skids, those in the boat +haul on the drag-rope, and the two at the trail bear it up, so that +the Quarter Gunner, who stands at the bow, can get hold of the +trail-handspike and guide the carriage fairly. + +When the howitzer is in the boat, the skids are unhooked and put in +the boat by Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6. + +The howitzer may now be shifted to the boat-carriage, by reversing the +process already described in orders Nos. 1, 2, and 3, for shifting to +the field-carriage. + +[Illustration: Fig. 3. CREW AT THEIR STATIONS FOR ACTION; Fig. 1. CREW +AT THE DRAG ROPE.; Fig. 2. D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, +pr.] + + +37. EXERCISE WITH HOWITZER ON FIELD-CARRIAGE. + + GUN'S CREW. + +STATIONS. | DUTY. + | +Quarter Gunner |Charge of ammunition and spare + | equipments. + | +No. 1. Captain, rear of breech, to |Captain of piece -- points and fires + the right (or left, depending | the howitzer, superintends orders, + on the position of lock and | and gives orders in absence of an + sight). | officer. + | + 2. Rear to breech, to the left. |Closes the vent, put in primer. + | + 3. Right side of muzzle. |Sponges and rams home. + | + 4. Left side of muzzle. |Receives and enters ammunition. + | + 5. Rear and outside of right |Assists at right wheel. + wheel. | + | + 6. Rear and outside of left |Passes ammunition, assists at left + wheel. | wheel. + | + 7. Five yards rear of right |Assists at right wheel, attends bolt + wheel. | of trail-wheel and trail-handspike. + | + 8. Five yards rear of left |Passes ammunition, assists at left + wheel. | wheel. + | + 9. With No. 7. |Assists at right wheel. + | + 10. With No. 8. |Assists at left wheel. + | + + +(Preparatory Order)--"MAN THE HOWITZER!" + +38. The men go to their stations as above designated, the Captain of +the howitzer with his haversack, previously supplied, and all the men, +except Nos. 1 and 3, with one round in a pouch. + +No. 3 takes the sponge and rammer. + +No. 6 unbolts trail-wheel, and ships handspike in its socket of trail. + +The transporting-boxes, if there be any with the howitzer, are to be +deposited about twenty-five yards in its rear, in charge of Quarter +Gunner. + +The drag-rope is deposited with the ammunition-boxes. + + +I. "SPONGE!" + +39. No. 3 enters the sponge, and, pressing it firmly to the bottom, +turns it round and withdraws it. No. 2 serves the vent. + +Quarter Gunner takes a round from the ammunition-box, or from the +pouch or passing-box of one of the men; and, if shell or shrapnel be +used, holds it for the Officer in command of the piece to adjust the +fuze. + + +II. "LOAD!" + +40. The charge is to be passed along by the Quarter Gunner to No. 8, +and by No. 8 to No. 6, and by No. 6 to No. 4, who enters it into the +muzzle. + +No. 3 pushes home to the mark on rammer-handle. + +No. 2 puts in primer, and covers it with his hand until Nos. 3 and 4 +have withdrawn to their stations outside the wheels. + + +III. "POINT!" + +41. Officer of gun puts up the sight, as directed by Officer in +command. + +The Captain of the gun gives the piece the proper elevation with the +screw, and causes No. 7 to train the gun with the trail-handspike to +the desired direction. He then withdraws as far as the lock-lanyard +permits, standing on the quarter of the breech, and outside of the +wheel. + +No. 2 stands outside of the left wheel. Nos. 3 and 4 fall back, and +the remainder of the gun's crew take the stations first assigned them. + + +IV. "FIRE!" + +42. The Captain of the howitzer instantly draws the lanyard at the +word. + +No. 2 closes the vent. + +Nos. 4, 6, and 8 go to the left wheel; 5, 7, and 9 to the right wheel, +taking hold of the spokes, ready to wheel the carriage forward, as may +be directed by the Officer in command. + + +(Concluding Order)--"SECURE THE HOWITZER!" + +43. The Quarter Gunner secures the transporting-boxes, and gets ready +the lashing. + +The Captain of the howitzer coils the lanyard around the lock. + +No. 7 bolts the trail-wheel. + +No. 3 may carry the sponge in his hand if the fire is merely +suspended. + +No. 7 may also carry the trail-handspike. + +Nos. 8 and 9 hook on the drag-rope, and lead its parts fair for taking +hold. + +Wheel the piece to the ammunition-boxes, and place them on the axle. + +The piece is now ready for any change of position. + + +REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAVAL LIGHT ARTILLERY. + +44. The facility with which the Naval Howitzers are handled is apt to +cause a misconception of the purposes for which Naval Light Artillery +should ordinarily be used on shore; which are, to be landed from boats +in such numbers as may be required, or admitted by circumstances, +supported by the seamen and marines of a squadron, and not to be +assembled as a battery, to replace, or be substituted for, regular +field-artillery. + +45. The force landed should be handled as light infantry, for which +the individuality of sailor-life so well fits the men; while the +character of the gun, and the usually broken nature of the shore-line +renders this formation necessary. + +46. Open order in approach, in landing, in motion, and in action, is +therefore advisable; because a compact formation requires too much +attention to position, distances, and alignments in any of them, with +more perfect drill than can well be obtained; and which, under fire, +exposes too much of a mark to every shot fired. + +47. The evolutions in the field should constitute but a small part of +the general system of drill, either with a single howitzer or a +battery, and should be assimilated to those of light infantry,--that +is, the most extended order that the ground admits of,--never massing +the guns in close order, but habituating the seamen to open out with +them in skirmishing order, keeping on their flanks, never in their +rear, using every cover of ground, trees, or, if time will admit, +throwing up some earth as a protection against riflemen or the +wide-spread fire of shrapnel,--while at the same time the fire is +concentrated to prevent attack on the pieces in detail, or is +dispersed, as may be required. + +48. Such a drill will best develop the scope and efficiency of the gun +as a naval arm, and will render most effective the peculiar advantages +of its lightness and mobility in rapid movements. + +49. Evolutions in action, or preparatory thereto, should always be +performed with the ammunition in the pouches; it being a common error +in the service to use the ammunition-boxes at such times, when they +are only designed for service out of action. + +50. If liable to be attacked, all the ground within musket range, +especially if it is broken by ravines, should be reconnoitred, +particularly on the flanks; and, if possible, all the approaches by +which the enemy, and particularly cavalry can approach, should be +obstructed; and all obstacles to a retreat or change of position +removed. + +51. Although commanding positions are to be preferred, the top of a +hill should not be chosen where the men and pieces are relieved +against the sky, forming a much better mark. + +52. Shell and Shrapnel produce a greater moral effect than grape or +canister, and in general a greater real injury, as the latter are +generally fired at too great distances. + + +NOTES ON THE USE OF BOAT-HOWITZERS. + +53. N.B.--Before equipping boats with howitzers, notice attentively +the Hints for General Service, commencing at page 146, Boat Armament +of the U.S. Navy, and Suggestions for Landing, of that system, which +relate more especially to the condition and management of boat-guns. + +54. Too much care cannot be taken to be fully provided, and to have +each detail in good condition; for, after the boat has left the ship, +it may be impossible to compensate for failure in some seemingly +trivial article. + +55. The chief purposes of naval light artillery are: + +1. To attack small vessels that are lightly armed, and furnish but +slight protection to the crews. + +2. To contend with other armed boats. + +3. To cover the landing of troops. + +56. The landing of seamen is rather a remote contingency in the naval +service, and should never be resorted to when opposed by good +infantry, or when the object to be attained would take the seamen too +far from their boats, which should be the base of operations. + +57. BOAT-GUNS.--No tackles are required to run out 12-pdrs.; but +24-pdrs. may possibly require them. + +58. The hole in the cascabel for reeving a breeching has been +purposely omitted in howitzers, as hitherto the use of a breeching has +not been found necessary. Should one be required, a thimble may be +fitted to the neck of the knob to serve in place of this hole. + +With a breeching, the piece may be fired as if on an ordinary +carriage. + +59. The recoil is controlled by compressing the slide between the bed +and the lower plate. It is necessary, however, that the surfaces of +the carriage in contact should be plane. If they are not so, dismount +the gun and examine them, and where the wood is worn smooth, remove it +in the slightest manner, and correct the surfaces generally. In making +the surface plane, it is by no means necessary that it should be +rendered smooth. It ought to be as little so as possible for the +present purpose. + +[Illustration: IMPROVED SHRAPNEL + SECTION OF 12 PDR. SHRAPNEL + With Bormann Fuze and Filling of Sulphur. + D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +60. FIELD-CARRIAGE.--In order to moderate the recoil on smooth ground, +take out the axle or pin of the trail-wheel and turn the wheel up on +the trail. + +For using the howitzer on shore, two transporting-boxes are supplied, +placed on a support and lashed to the axle of the field-carriage. When +more than a single piece is landed, it may be found convenient to +secure the trail of one field-carriage to the axle of another, and +then, by means of pieces of stuff, or boat's spars, secured from axle +to axle, to place the ammunition-boxes, provisions, and pouches upon +them. + +61. Shrapnel may be effectively used where the dispersion of common +canister becomes too great and its effects feeble. It takes the place +of common shell, to a great extent, when uncovered masses of men are +in view, and is designed to burst in front of troops, at just such a +distance and height as to disperse the balls among them. + +62. Similar terms are used in marking the sight and the fuze. Thus, if +the fuze be adjusted to 2 seconds, and the piece elevated by the sight +raised to the line on it marked 2 seconds, then the shrapnel will +burst about 500 yards from the piece, and spread its balls from that +point to a considerable distance further--effectively at least 150 +yards. + +The adjustment of the fuze to the distance and the altitude of +explosion are regulated to the elevation; and, therefore, the three +conditions to good effect may be said to depend mainly on a correct +knowledge of distance. + +63. The 12-pdr. shrapnel contains 80 musket-balls, and if its +explosion occurs at one hundred or one hundred and twenty yards in +front of and fifteen to twenty yards above the object, one-seventh of +the number of balls may be relied on to take effect upon an object 20 +by 10 feet in size. + +64. Shells may be advantageously substituted for shrapnel when the +hostile force is sheltered, especially by such quarters as small craft +or merchantmen afford, or when material of any kind is the object of +the fire. + +65. At two hundred yards canister, only, is required. + +In case of a want of canister, the shrapnel or common shell furnishes +an excellent substitute by cutting into the magazine of the Bormann +fuze, which will cause it to explode at the muzzle. + +66. When provided with the Bormann fuze, the shrapnel, or shell, as +issued, is complete. The upper surface of this fuze is graduated into +seconds and fourths of seconds; and it is only necessary to lay bare +the composition contained in the fuze, by the cutting-tool, to prepare +the projectile for instant use. In this respect the Bormann fuze has +an advantage over the ordinary fuze. The length of the fuzes limits +the distance within which the fire of these guns is considered as +effective. + +67. The introduction of the 12-pounder rifled howitzer has greatly +extended the accuracy and effective range of the boat and field +artillery. + +Solid shot and shell have sufficient penetration to be effective +against ordinary wooden vessels at any distance which the elevation +allowed by the respective carriages will reach. _See_ TABLE OF RANGES. + +The shrapnel has sufficient velocity at 2,000 yards to disable men and +horses. + +Hitherto no certain or efficient time-fuze has been adopted for rifled +howitzers. + +There are objections to firing grape and canister from rifled guns, as +the grooves are injured thereby, and the rotary and irregular motion +given to the mass diminishes its effect. If used, the balls should be +of lead or zinc. + +68. Fixed ammunition is preferable, on the score of greater +convenience, and of avoiding difficulties. + + * * * * * + +For MANOEUVRES OF BOATS ARMED FOR SERVICE, see "Naval Howitzers +Afloat;" by Commander Foxhall A. Parker, U.S.N. + + +LANDING SEAMEN, MARINES, AND HOWITZERS + +FOR EXERCISE OR SERVICE ON SHORE. + +69. As the efficiency of seamen when landed in any considerable number +depends most materially upon a proper system of organization and +training previous to their being landed, and without which they are +inefficient, the following system is recommended: + +70. The small-arm men are to be formed into companies of 80 men, with +four petty officers. Each company to be commanded by a Lieutenant, +with two other officers. The company to be subdivided into two +platoons, and each platoon into two sections, and to be exercised in +such movements as are absolutely necessary to manoeuvre as a company +and in battalion, by the officers who are to command them. + +71. Small vessels should furnish a platoon of 40 or section of 20 men, +that the companies formed by their aggregation may be of equal +strength. + +72. The companies when landed are to fall in, and number from the +right according to the seniority of the Captains of their respective +ships, so that they at once will fall into their places according to +their number when landed. + +73. Each ship landing two companies is to be prepared to land with the +small-arm men six Pioneers--2 with a saw and axe each, 2 with a +pickaxe and spade each, 2 with a small crowbar and sledge-hammer, or +such intrenching or other tools as the nature of the expedition may +require; the tools to be slung on the men's backs; smaller detachments +a proportionate number. + +74. The ship's bugler, if she have one, or drummer, will be sent with +the men. He is to be able to sound the "Assembly," "Retreat," "Close," +"Extend," "Commence Firing," and "Cease Firing," which sounds the men +are to be accustomed to on board ship. + +75. If the men are likely to be on shore during the night, they should +have a haversack and blanket slung across their shoulders. + +76. As muskets are apt to miss fire the first time if not properly +clean, the greatest precaution is to be taken to see that the nipple +is perfectly clear before loading; first, by blowing down the barrel +and placing the finger before the nipple, to feel that the air passes +through it, and afterwards snapping a cap off to dry up any oil or +moisture that may be in the barrel. To avoid accidents, it is better +not to cap the muskets until after landing. + +77. When field-pieces are landed, the guns shall be numbered from the +right in the same manner as a company. + +78. One or more armorers should be sent with each landing party with +cleaning-rods, screw-drivers, and spare nipples. + +79. The boats should be formed in divisions, according to the +seniority of the Captains of their respective ships--or of the +Commanding Officers of the divisions--numbering from the right. The +seamen and marines, having been told off in companies previous to +leaving their ships, on landing they will form immediately in the same +order. + +80. The howitzers being mounted as boat's guns and prepared for +landing are brought at once into action, or remain in the boats, +according to circumstances. + +81. Each division of boats should have a distinguishing flag; and +scaling-ladders, intrenching tools, and other implements, should be +carried by designated boats. + +82. The boats will always land a boat's length apart. Before leaving +the ship four boat-keepers should be appointed to each boat carrying a +howitzer, and two for the others, with an officer in charge of each +division of boats, who are on no account to leave them. Should there +be a probability of the landing party being attacked on a +re-embarkation, the boats should be hauled off to their anchors, with +a long scope of cable, having a stern-line to the beach, and a man in +the boat to veer in, that the troops may be readily embarked. The +officer left in charge of the boats should be careful to avoid being +surprised; and, if circumstances admit, strengthen his position by +cutting down trees and throwing up small breastworks a short distance +in front. + +83. A fast-pulling boat with Medical Officers will attend in rear of +the line, designated by a yellow flag. + +84. Should the distance from the point of landing be considerable, the +boats of each division, in tow of each other, lightest boats leading, +will fall in--the leading boat of each division abreast (Art. 72), +leaving space for the whole line to form abreast when ordered. On +approaching the beach the tow-ropes should be cast off, and the +launches with howitzers dress up in line ready to open fire, if +necessary, to clear the landing. The officer in command will commence +firing from the howitzers when he thinks fit; but no musketry is to be +fired without special orders. + +85. When the Commanding Officer perceives the beach to be clear, or +when he considers it proper, he will order "Cease firing!" and direct +the boats with skirmishers and light howitzers to pull in and land as +quickly as possible. On landing they will immediately extend, advance, +and seize the first cover near the beach, if there be any, but will +not open fire till the Officer commanding them sounds "Commence +firing." The main body then pull steadily in and land, forming line in +rear of the covering party. The howitzers form on the flanks of their +divisions, or as ordered. Pioneers and scaling-ladders as ordered. The +main body being formed, will advance in line or column, according to +circumstances, preceded by the skirmishers firing, if necessary. When +firing in close order the front rank should fire kneeling, as, owing +to the shortness of muskets, accidents frequently occur. Under certain +circumstances, as advancing on an open beach, the boats might be +employed on the flanks to cover the advance or retreat. + +86. Should the boats be employed for the disembarkation of troops, the +same arrangement should be made. It will then be desirable that every +boat should carry a flag similar to that of the Commanding Officer of +its division; and, when in large numbers, the boats should also be +painted according to the colors of the flags, that the troops may +readily know their own boats. + +87. The re-embarkation should be conducted on similar principles to +the disembarkation--the skirmishers and light howitzers extending in +rear of the line, which will then pass through the intervals, forming +again, if necessary, to support the skirmishers, who will retire +firing, and re-form in rear of the line. The main body will then +embark, followed by the covering party under cover of the boats' guns. + +88. When landing in a heavy surf, the ammunition should be put in one +or more small powder-tanks, with the lids well screwed down. + + + + +PART III. + + +ORDNANCE + +AND + +ORDNANCE STORES. + + + + +PART III. + +CHAPTER I. + +ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES. + + +1. All articles of Ordnance and Ordnance Stores, when duly delivered +at any Navy Yard, are to be borne on the books of the Inspector of +Ordnance, and duly accounted for, according to such regulations as +may, from time to time, be established by proper authority. + +2. He will make monthly estimates and requisitions for all materials +and articles which may be required by the master workmen in the +Ordnance Department, and which he may deem necessary; which +requisitions are to be forwarded to the Chief of the Bureau for his +approval. + +No articles are to be purchased without previous requisitions, nor any +to be used until duly inspected, approved, and receipted for. + +Before reception, every article shall be carefully examined by the +master workman in whose department it is required, and such other +person as the Inspector shall appoint, and compared with samples, to +see that it conforms to the standard, and is, in quantity and quality, +as called for by the requisition or order of the Bureau for its +delivery. + +He will keep on hand standard Patterns and Drawings, approved by the +Bureau of Ordnance, to which all articles of manufacture or issue +shall strictly conform; notifying the Bureau of any discrepancies +therefrom in articles received from other Yards, that unauthorized +variations may be checked and the manufactures of each Yard be +identical. + +3. The Inspectors of Ordnance at all Navy Yards shall have the +immediate custody of all articles appertaining to ordnance, and they +shall be kept in suitable places, separate from the other articles in +the Yard. + +And they will promptly inform the Bureau of all orders received from +Senior Officers, which may in the least affect the execution of the +instructions given by the Bureau in relation to their duties. + +4. Inspectors of Ordnance having charge of the articles above +mentioned are, under the direction of the Commandant of the Yard, to +be responsible for their being carefully attended to, and preserved +from injury. + +5. Whenever any of them shall require repairs, other than those which +can be made in the ordnance workshops, the Inspector will apply to the +Commandant of the Yard, or to the Bureau through him, for the +necessary means to keep all articles in his charge in order and ready +for service. + +6. He shall require from master workmen employed on ordnance work +reports in the required form (see blank forms) of the expenditure of +materials and labor upon each and every object under their immediate +superintendence, at which time they will make a return of all +unexpended material on hand. They will also be responsible for all +waste and improper use of material by those under their general +superintendence. + +7. The Inspector of Ordnance shall have authority over all master and +other workmen employed on ordnance work, and direct all its details. + +He will examine and certify to the correctness of all bills rendered +for materials, supplies, or labor in the Ordnance Department, and +examine and certify to the correctness of the pay-roll of all persons +employed on ordnance work. + +8. No Inspecting Officer or person employed by the Bureau is to show +to, or leave in the way of persons not authorized by the Bureau, any +drawing, descriptions, or dimensions of guns under contract, nor to +permit the examination by such persons of the guns themselves. + +9. The resident and other Inspectors are to inform the contractors of +this strict requirement on the part of the Bureau, and to request them +to cause it to be rigidly enforced by all persons under their control. + +10. It is most positively forbidden to communicate any information +whatever in relation to ordnance matters, or to show or describe +ordnance work, of any description, to any person not in the employ of +the government, unless by superior authority. + +Inspectors are also directed not to hold correspondence in writing +with manufacturers, contractors, or other parties in relation to +ordnance supplies, unless specially directed by the Bureau. + +Officers on Ordnance duty will give no official opinion, to Inventors +or others, upon the merits of any invention appertaining to Ordnance, +which may be submitted to them officially or unofficially for +examination, unless by special direction of the Bureau of Ordnance. + +All such opinions will be forwarded to the Bureau, to whom parties +must be referred for information. + +11. The Inspectors of Ordnance at the several Yards and stations are +required to enjoin upon all their employes the strictest secrecy in +relation to every thing connected with their duties. No information +whatever is to be given to any one in relation to the prices of +articles, the details of work, or the condition of ordnance or +ordnance supplies. + +Any breach of this order is to be followed by prompt dismissal from +employment. + +12. Whenever any ordnance stores shall be furnished to vessels, or for +any other purpose, the Ordnance Officer shall take proper receipts for +them from the officer to whom they are delivered. These receipts shall +be signed at the Ordnance office, and the commander is required to +ascertain before sailing if the proper officers have signed all +receipts and vouchers. + +13. The Ordnance Officer will deliver with them an Invoice of the +number and cost of such stores, retaining a receipted duplicate, +approved by the commander, to be forwarded to the Bureau of Ordnance. + +One Ledger, one Invoice, and twenty blanks for Quarterly Returns to +the Bureau of Ordnance, are to be furnished each vessel fitted for +sea. + +If any articles are purchased abroad, or obtained from other stations +after the vessel is regularly fitted for sea, they should be duly +entered in the Ledger, and a note made therein stating when, and from +what source received; and, if practicable, their number and cost +should be inserted in the Invoice of other articles supplied the +vessel. + +14. A separate list shall be furnished to all commanders of vessels of +the ammunition furnished, which list is to be returned to the Ordnance +Officer of the Yard to which the vessel shall return, with any +additional supplies which she may receive during the cruise entered on +it. + +15. The allowances which are prescribed for the different classes of +vessels in the Table of Allowances are not to be exceeded, except by +the express sanction of the Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance. + +16. It shall be the duty of any commander of a vessel, before making +or approving requisitions, to examine the allowance table and +expenditure books, to see that the amount required, together with that +on hand, does not exceed the allowance, and that the articles required +are allowed. If these articles are not allowed, or are in excess of +the allowance, but are, in his opinion, necessary for the use of the +ship under his command, he will state on the requisition, opposite the +article, "in excess of allowance," or, "not allowed," and the reason +why considered necessary, before sending it to the Commandant of the +Yard or Squadron for his approval. + +In case he shall neglect so to do, the Inspector of Ordnance will only +furnish the allowance, and shall return the requisition for +correction, calling the attention of the approving officer to this +neglect. + +17. All Ordnance Stores, except the ammunition, shall be delivered to +the Gunner, or other officer appointed to receive them, at the +ordnance store-houses, the Inspector of Ordnance furnishing him with +the means of transportation, and men for stowing them in their +appointed places on board, when the crew are not available for this +purpose. + +In order to guard against the loss or misdirection of Ordnance Stores, +which has frequently been found to occur whilst they were being +transferred from the Ordnance Store-houses to vessels going into +commission, or in the case of vessels landing their stores on +returning from a cruise: + +The Bureau directs that whenever Ordnance Stores of any kind are to be +received from or delivered on board of a vessel, a responsible officer +be present, whose duty it shall be to take an exact account of them +and see them safely delivered at their destination, indorsing the +Receipts and Invoices with his name. + +For any loss that may occur in the performance of this duty, that +officer will be held pecuniarily responsible; and whenever any stores +are found to be missing, the name of the officer who superintended +their removal is immediately to be forwarded to the Bureau. + +The Inspector of Ordnance will be vigilant in seeing this order +strictly carried out. + +18. All stores landed from ships will be received at the Ordnance +Store-houses, when all responsibility on the part of the officer +delivering them shall cease, and a survey be held, as soon thereafter +as practicable, to determine the quantity of stores, and the condition +in which they are delivered.--(See form of survey.) + +When the vessel returns to a yard to be refitted or to be laid up at +the end of the cruise, her Ledger and Invoice are to be handed to the +Ordnance Officer of the yard for his examination, and for the use of +the officers who may be ordered to hold a survey upon the Ordnance +Equipments and Stores; and when the survey is completed, both Ledger +and Invoice are to be forwarded to the Bureau of Ordnance with the +report of survey. + +19. It having been found that in the "Reports of Survey" made at the +different Navy Yards on the Ordnance Stores of vessels returning from +sea, many articles are put down as "deficient by Returns" without +these deficiencies being in any way accounted for, the Bureau directs +that the Surveying Officers shall require the Gunner (or other officer +having charge of the Ordnance Stores, in case there be no Gunner on +board) to show a just cause for said deficiencies; a statement of +which, properly signed, is to be forwarded to the Bureau with the +Report of Survey. In case of his failure to do so, he will be held +responsible for the loss, and the value of the deficient articles +checked against his pay. + +Where arms or other articles are lost or destroyed in action, the fact +must be properly authenticated by the signature of the Commanding or +Executive Officer. + +20. Ordnance Ledgers of all vessels coming from a cruise shall be +signed by the Gunner or Executive Officer and the officer in command +before leaving the Yard or station. + +Invoices and Receipts must invariably be given and taken of all +ordnance, ordnance stores, equipments, and small arms, when +transferred from the keeping of one officer to another. + +And whenever any article of ordnance is lost or mutilated, the fact +shall be reported to the Bureau, with all the circumstances of the +case, and the value of the same will be deducted from the pay of the +person having it in his possession at the time, unless sufficient +reason for a contrary course should appear. + +21. It shall be the duty of the Inspector of Ordnance (or of the +officers who inspect a ship on her return from a cruise) to report to +the Bureau the condition in which the articles under the charge of the +Gunner may be transferred, that his care and attention may be properly +known and appreciated. + +22. Officers upon Ordnance duty at Navy Yards may correspond with the +Bureau on subjects connected with Ordnance duties, forwarding their +communications open, to the Commandant of the Yard for transmission. + +23. The dates of all circulars, orders, telegrams, or letters to which +reference is made in corresponding with the Bureau, shall be +distinctly quoted. + +And the same rule is to be observed in forwarding triplicate Bills, +Bills of Lading, and Invoices, the date of the order or orders being +written across the face in red ink; and the receipt of all telegrams +must be immediately acknowledged. + +24. The Commandants will, in forwarding communications, accompany them +with such remarks or recommendations as they may deem proper, and at +any other time make such suggestions as they may consider will promote +the public interest. + +25. In shipping or forwarding stores each box or package shall be +numbered, and have the nature of its contents stencilled or marked on +the outside, and noted on the Invoice. The Invoice should in all cases +of shipment accompany the articles. + +All stores intended for shipment to squadrons, shall be legibly and +conspicuously addressed to the Commander-in-Chief of the squadron, and +marked for that squadron. + + +INSPECTION AND PROOF OF NAVAL GUNS + +26. All cannon for the navy, cast at private foundries, will be +fabricated in strict accordance with the terms of the contract made +with the Bureau of Ordnance, and subject to the inspection of an +officer detailed to supervise the operations. (See "Instructions for +the Inspection and Proof of Cannon, 1864," for further details.) + +27. New guns are to be closely examined and measured, inside and out, +for defects of metal or manufacture, and the results recorded in the +prescribed forms by the Inspector resident at the foundry, as soon +after being finished as possible, if he has not already done so in the +various stages of manufacture, which is preferable, as the detection +of errors which pass the limits of toleration may save useless +subsequent labor. Internal defects of metal will, for instance, +generally be betrayed by a close examination of the core-pieces. As +rust tends to conceal defects, this examination of the guns is to take +place before exposure to the weather. And previously to the final +examination and proof of guns, they are not to be covered with paint, +lacquer, oil, or any material which may hide defects of metal. + +If it is ascertained that any attempt has been made to conceal +defects, the gun or guns so treated are to be rejected without further +examination. + +As the water-proof, which is of great importance in detecting defects +of metal not otherwise developed, necessarily succeeds immediately the +powder-proof, and can be effectively applied only in fine weather, and +when the temperature is above the freezing-point, final inspections +are to be made at such times only. + + +DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED AND USED IN THE INSPECTION +AND PROOF OF GUNS. + +28. 1st. A mirror for reflecting the sun's rays into the bores. Two +will be required if the sun be in the rear of the Inspector. + +2d. A lamp attached to a staff for examining the bores when the sun is +obscured, or the guns are under cover. + +3d. A standard cylinder gauge. This is a hollow cylinder of iron, +turned to the least allowed diameter of the bore, and one calibre in +length. It has a cross-head at each end, one of which has a smooth +hole through its axis to fit the staff, and the other is tapped to +receive the screw in the end of it. + +[Illustration: DAHLGREN SHELL GUN + PARROTT RIFLE GUN 1864. + D. Van Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +4th. A measuring-staff of steel or iron, in joints of suitable length, +connected together by screws. Each joint is provided with a light +brass disk, the diameter of which is 0.05 inches less than that of the +bore. Through the centre of the disk there is a hole which fits upon a +shoulder at the joint; the whole is so arranged that when the joints +are screwed together the disks between them are held firmly in place, +while the length of the staff is not affected by them. A steel point +is screwed on to the end. When pushed to the bottom of the bore, the +staff coincides very nearly with its axis. The outer joint is +graduated to inches and tenths. A slide is made to play upon it with a +vernier scale, graduated to hundredths of an inch. On the inner end of +the slide a branch projects at a right angle, sufficiently long to +reach across the muzzle face, and, when in contact with it, to +indicate the precise length obtained from that point to the end of the +measuring-point on the other end of the staff. A half disk of wood, +made to fit the bore, with a groove for the staff to rest in, placed +just inside of the muzzle, is useful in preventing any springing of +the staff. + +The point being taken off, the staff can be used with the cylinder +gauge, to measure the distance to which the latter descends. But as +the graduation is intended for the points, care must be taken in this +case to allow for the difference. + +5th. A chamber-gauge for verifying the shape and size of conical +chambers. + +The head should be made of close-grained, well-seasoned wood, and of +the exact dimensions of the chamber. Two planes, crossing each other +at a right angle, coinciding with the vertical and horizontal central +sections, have been found better than a solid block. The edges should +be bevelled. A metal socket in its centre connects it with the +measuring-staff. Being pushed to the bottom of the bore, if the length +coincides with that obtained by the point, it is obvious that the +chamber is large enough, provided the cylindrical part has not been +bored too deep, in which case a shoulder would be found at the +junction. The edges of the gauge should be chalked before it is +inserted. When withdrawn, if the chalk-marks are visible all around +the chamber, it is evident the chamber is not too large. With slight +modifications, this arrangement may be applied to the slope of +cylindrical chambers, and to the curve at the bottom of the bore of +any guns. Should the inspection of guns with conical chambers or +slopes take place at the foundry, an examination of the chamber reamer +will be very satisfactory. If found correct in size and shape, the +impossibility of making the chamber too large will be apparent. + +6th. A star-gauge, for measuring the diameters of the bores and of +cylindrical chambers. This instrument is composed of the staff, the +handle, and a set of points for each calibre. + +The staff is a brass tube, made in three pieces, for convenience of +stowage, and connected together, when required, by screws. Its inner +end expands into a head, in which are placed four steel sockets, at +equal distances from each other, which receive the points. Two of the +sockets opposite to each other are secured permanently. The two others +are movable. A tapering plate or wedge, the sides of which are +cylindrical, runs through a slit in the head; an aperture in the inner +ends of the movable socket embraces the cylinder, so that when the +plate is moved forward or backward, the sockets are projected or +withdrawn. The tapering of the plate has a certain known proportion to +its length, so that if it is moved in either direction a given +distance, a proportional movement is imparted to the sockets, and to +the points which they contain. It is easy to see how, in this manner, +a movement of .10 in. may increase or diminish the distance between +the points .01 in. Therefore there would be no difficulty in +estimating, to a considerable degree of accuracy, a difference of .001 +in. between the points. In general, however, the distance on the plate +required to move the points .01 in. is about .06 in. only. + +A square sliding rod is connected with the tapering plate, and runs +through the whole length of the tube, projecting some inches beyond +the outer end. This rod has as many parts as there are joints in the +staff, and, like them, connects by screws. Each section of the rod +works in its proper joint, through a square socket at each end, and is +prevented from falling out by pins. When screwing the joints together, +if the ends of the rod are pressed up to each other they become +connected by the same motion. + +The staff is graduated to inches and quarters, so that the distance of +the points from the muzzle of the gun may always be known. A centre +line, starting from the centre of the upper socket, is marked upon the +staff throughout its length. + +The handle in use at present is of brass, made to fit over the outer +end of the staff, and to connect with the sliding rod by a screw, +having a large milled head at the outer extremity of the handle. It +may be used on either joint, as required. A slit through the handle +permits a part of the staff near the end to be seen beneath. A scale +on one side of the slit is graduated with the distance that the rod +moves, to throw the points .01 in. apart. + +That part of the handle containing the slit and scale is separated +from the other part; it is made to fit closely over it. On each side +there is a small tube; a thread is cut in one, through which a fine +screw, held by a stud on the permanent part of the handle, works and +gives it motion; a guide runs through the other. Seen through the slit +is a small plate of silver inserted in the staff, and a fine mark upon +it to show the place of zero, when the points are adjusted. The +zero-mark on the scale is made to correspond with it by means of the +screw just mentioned. + +The points are of steel, with a strong shoulder at one end, below +which the screw is cut that fits into the socket in the head. A wrench +is made to fit the other end, so as to turn the point firmly into its +place. They are made of such a length that they will just pass into +the adjusting-ring when they are all in place. To this instrument +belong the adjusting-rings and the muzzle-rest in the form of T; of +the rings there is one for each calibre, reamed out to the exact +minimum diameter of the bore. The latter can be used for any class of +guns. Its office is to keep the staff of the star-gauge in the axis of +the bore. For this purpose it contains a groove, above the +perpendicular branch, to receive the lower half of the staff. There is +a movable slide on each branch, which can be adjusted to marks for +each calibre, so that points projecting from their rear will enter the +muzzle and hold the rest in place. In this position the upper edge of +the transverse branch coincides with the diameter of the bore. + +A hook is pivoted on the inner side of the transverse branch, on one +side of the groove, and so fitted that when the star-gauge is in the +gun, it embraces one-half of that portion of the staff which is above +the groove. Therefore, if the transverse branch be placed so as to +coincide with the axis of the trunnions, the hook thrown over the +staff, and the latter turned so that the centre line just meets the +end of the hook, the perpendicular points will be perpendicular to the +axis of the trunnions. If the staff is then drawn out carefully, the +measurements will all be taken in the same plane. A notch in the end +of the hook, made to coincide with the plane of the muzzle, may be +used for marking the distances on the staff. + +The upright branch is movable, and is made to fit into the end of the +transverse branch, for convenience and security in packing. + +In examining the bores after proof, it has been found that the +greatest indentation occurs in general near the seat of the +projectiles. But, as it is not always found at precisely the same +point of the circle of the bore, a convenient mode of searching for it +is desirable. This is supplied by a disk for circular measurements, +which may also be considered as belonging to the star-gauge. It is +made of composition, and is divided into halves, with a hole through +the centre to receive the staff of the star-gauge. + +It is turned so as to fit into the muzzle of the gun closely, with a +projecting lip two or three inches broad to hold it in place, and with +cleats overlapping the edges, to keep it from going in too far. The +face is a plane surface. The circumference is divided into as many +equal parts as may be thought desirable, which are numbered in regular +order. The centre hole is reinforced on the inside by a projection +which is turned to receive a collar that fits closely around it, and +holds the two halves together when they are placed on the staff. + +When ready for use, the face is in the plane of the muzzle-face. Its +zero-mark is made to coincide with a light punch-mark on the +muzzle-face, directly below the line of sight. + +On the staff of the star-gauge a brass slide is fitted, having a +thumb-screw to hold it in any position; from the inner end a point +extends at a right angle to its axis, of sufficient length to meet the +points at the circumference of the disk; a centre line extends from +the base to the apex. The slide being moved so as to make its inner +end coincide with any mark upon the staff, at which a circular +measurement is required, and the centre line of the point being made +to coincide with that of the staff, it is secured by the thumb-screw. +The point of the slide is then in the same plane with the +perpendicular measuring-points, and its direction always indicates +them; a series of measurements, made before proof, may thus be +compared with another made at the same points after proof. + +It is obvious that the determinations will not be absolutely accurate, +for when the gun is worn, should the stationary points be +perpendicular, the movable points, being then horizontal, would fall +below the true horizontal diameter, and the measurements would be more +in error than it would be with the points in any other direction. +Still, if care is taken to preserve the points at the greatest length +possible, a very tolerable degree of accuracy may be attained. In the +inspection of guns arranged on skids, the gun itself should be turned, +which will insure accurate measurements. Care must also be taken not +to allow the joints of the staff to become so loose that the +coincidence of the centre line is destroyed when they are screwed +together. If this should occur, however, a few turns of thread, placed +between them at the time of putting the instrument together, would +remedy the difficulty. + +7th. An instrument for verifying the interior position of vents. + +When the vent is drilled in the vertical plane of the axis, as in the +guns of old patterns, a simple head, shaped to fit the bottom of the +bore, or the chamber, with a staff fitted to it, is sufficient. But +for the Dahlgren guns, with two vents, some other plan is better. The +following has been found satisfactory: + +A head of well-seasoned wood, which is fitted to the chamber, is +attached to a wooden disk of the diameter of the main bore. The +surface of the head corresponds with a longitudinal central section of +the chamber; at the point where the projection of the vent would meet +it a piece of hard wood is inserted. A central line drawn through its +length, crossed at a right angle by another line at any known point +from the smaller end, will afford convenient points to measure from. A +stout square wooden staff is attached to the axis of the head; at a +distance equal to the length of the bore, the end is jogged into the +centre of a half disk of wood, which is fitted to the bore. The whole +is so constructed that the straight edge of the half disk (or the +chord) is in the same plane as a horizontal section of the head. A few +holes are bored through the disk attached to the half head, to allow +the instrument to pass freely into the gun and out of it. + +A wire of untempered steel, of the size of the vent, with a sharp, +well-centred point, and a small spirit-level, are required to use with +this instrument. + +The gun being levelled, and the instrument being pushed to the bottom +of the bore, the upper edge of the half disk near the outer end of the +staff is then brought to a level. The surface of the half head then +corresponds with the horizontal central section of the chamber. The +point of the wire being pushed gently to meet it, will show very +accurately the interior position of the vent. + +8th. Profile-boards for distances in front and rear of the base line. + +Their lower edges are adapted to the shape of the gun, and the upper +ones are parallel to the axis of the bore. + +The distances from the base-line of the several parts, and of the +points at which diameters are to be measured, are laid off accurately +on the upper edge, and then marked in lines perpendicular to it on the +sides and lower edges of the profile. An iron strip is attached to the +upper edge to prevent warping, and the whole is well coated with +shellac varnish, to keep it from absorbing moisture. + +The following instruments are used in connection with the +profile-boards: + +A rule for verifying the marks, of such a length that not more than +one fleeting may be necessary, to be graduated decimally according to +the standard. + +A small square of steel, to be used in referring the marks on the +board to those on the rule. + +A steel straight-edge, long enough to extend across the muzzle-face, +and several inches on the board, to ascertain the extreme length from +base to muzzle. It is also used for the same purpose at the extreme +end of the cascabel. + +A steel scratcher, to mark the gun at points not otherwise indicated, +where diameters are to be measured. + +9th. A trunnion-square of steel or iron for ascertaining the position +of the trunnions, with reference to the axis of the bore. This +instrument is a square with two branches, one of which is fixed and +the other movable. The foot of each branch is in the same plane, and +is parallel to the upper edge of the main piece which connects them. +The latter is graduated to inches and tenths. The movable branch +slides on the main piece, and may be secured to it by two +thumb-screws. It is provided with a vernier scale graduated to +hundredths of an inch. Between the branches there is a slide, also +provided with a vernier graduated as before, with a thumb-screw to +secure it firmly; in its centre there is a sliding-point, moving +vertically, with a thumb-screw to fasten it. Above the foot of each +branch there is a slit to receive the shank of a plate, on the end of +which a thread is cut; the lower edge of the plate forms a right angle +with the branch, and the plate is fastened to the branch by a nut, at +a point from the end equal to the semi-diameter of the trunnion, which +is marked on each branch. + +When the feet of the branches, or the lower edge of the plates, rest +upon the trunnions, the upper edge of the main piece is parallel to +their axis, if their alignment is correct. When in the latter +position, the edges of the feet will lie close against the sides of +the trunnions. + +A graduated steel wedge is used to measure the deviation of the +trunnions from the feet of the square. + +10th. A trunnion-gauge, which is an iron ring of the proper diameter +of the trunnions. Its outer edge coincides with the diameter of the +rimbases. + +11th. A trunnion-rule, to measure the distance of the trunnions from +the base ring, or line. This is an iron rod with a head at one end, +through which passes one branch of a small square. The centre of the +rod is marked on the end, and the square is set so that the inner edge +of the branch which is parallel to the rod is at a distance equal to +the semi-diameter of the trunnion from the centre. It is secured in +this position by screws and clamps. + +The upper side of the rod is graduated to inches and tenths. A slide +with a slot through it, to show the graduation beneath, traverses upon +it, and is kept from turning by a guide on the lower side. There is a +vernier upon the slide, graduated to hundredths of an inch; a +thumb-screw serves to secure the slide at any point on the rod. That +end of the slide from which the graduation of the rod commences has +both of its sides drawn out, to form knife-edges; the knife-edges and +the end of the slide are in the same plane. When the square at the end +is placed on the trunnion, the end of the rod will touch its side at +the point of its greatest diameter. The rod being held parallel to the +axis of the bore, with the side of the head pressing the rimbase, the +knife-edge will be in a proper position to fall into the base line +when moved to find it. + +12th. A beam-calliper for measuring diameters is a square of steel or +iron, with two branches, one of which is fixed and the other sliding. +The inner edges of the two branches, when pushed together, lie, of +course, in contact with each other throughout their length. The beam +is graduated to inches and tenths. A vernier is attached to the +sliding branch, graduated to hundredths of an inch. The latter is +provided with a thumb-screw, to fasten it at any point. + +The length of the beam must be rather greater than the diameter; and +that of the branches than the semi-diameter of the guns to be +inspected, at their largest points. + +13th. A cascabel-block is a wooden cylinder of the proper diameter of +the breeching-hole, the size of which it is used to verify. + +The opening between the jaws may be ascertained by measuring the iron +block which is fitted to go between them, or by a template. + +14th. A vent-guide, to be used with vents in guns of Dahlgren's +pattern. + +This instrument is made of bronze or composition. When placed upon the +gun, one of its branches coincides with the curve of the cylinder, and +the other, starting from its centre, lies along the cylinder in +contact with it longitudinally. The lower edges of the branches are a +right line and a curved line, making two right angles with each +other. The length of that of the transverse branch is equal to the +distance between the centre of the two vents. The rear surface of the +transverse branch is curved and quadrilateral. Its sides are inclined, +so that their rear edges show the exact direction of the vents. Every +point in the upper edge lies in the same horizontal plane. The height +is sufficient to permit the edges to give an accurate direction to the +drill. + +The upper edge of the other branch runs off in a sloping curve to its +extremity. + +A centre line is drawn through the lower edge of the longitudinal +branch, and is continued upwards on the rear surface of the transverse +branch to the top. + +The guide being placed with its centre upon the centre mark of the +gun, and the centre line of the longitudinal branch being made to +coincide with the centre line scribed upon the cylinder, the rear +lower edge of the transverse branch will then coincide with the +base-line, its extremities will indicate the centres of the vents, and +the rear edges of the sides will show their true direction. + +15th. Vent-gauges of untempered steel wire, with shoulders to prevent +them from slipping into the vent. One should be of the proper diameter +of the vent, one of the greatest, and one of the least diameter +allowed. + +16th. A vent-searcher, a steel wire of the length of the vent, bent to +a right angle at the lower end and pointed. It is used for detecting +imperfections in the sides of the vents. + +17th. A semicircular protractor of metal for measuring the inclination +of vents, or for ascertaining their deviation from the guide. + +18th. A set of templates for verifying the shape of lock-lugs, the +angle of the rear sight mass, the curve between the base-line and the +front of rear sight mass, that at the end of the cascabel, the bevel +of the breeching-hole, the opening of the cascabel, and the shape of +the muzzle swell. + +If the inspection should take place at the foundry, the templates used +in chipping might be verified and used for inspection. + +For guns of Dahlgren's pattern, a bronze model, showing the shape of +the lugs and rear sight mass, and the position of the vents, is +furnished as a guide to the contractors. + +19th. A standard foot-rule for verifying measures. + +20th. A foot-rule of steel for measuring the masses, the length of the +trunnions, and for other purposes. The graduation should be extended +to each end. + +21st. A set of ring-gauges, large, medium, and small, for inspecting +the projectiles used in proof. + +22d. A small beam-calliper, with outside edges, for examining the +adjusting rings and the ring-gauges. + +23d. A platform balance, for weighing the projectiles used in proof, +and for bringing the shells up to the standard weight. For use with +the above there should be provided a bag of dry sand, a funnel, some +wooden plugs for the fuze-holes, and a hammer. + +24th. A set of implements for loading and cleaning, viz.: + + A rammer, faced with hard wood or metal, with a graduated scale on +the staff, near the muzzle, to show the distance of the front of the +projectiles from the muzzle. + A bristle sponge with a worm in its end, for ordinary use in firing. + A sheepskin sponge, for drying the bore after cleaning it. + A gun-scraper. + A ladle. + A boring-bit. + A priming-wire. + A lock and lanyard, should navy primers be used in firing; but if +friction primers are used, then a lanyard with a hook in its end will +be required, only. + A breeching and a couple of tackles, if the guns should be fired on +skids. + Six handspikes. + Six buckets and a large tub, for washing out the guns. + +If the firing is made into a butt, a couple of wheelbarrows, with two +or three pickaxes and half a dozen shovels, will be necessary. + +25th. A searcher, with six or more points, to detect injuries or +cavities in the bore. + +26th. A machine for taking the interior impression of vents. + +This consists of a wooden head, one-half of which is cylindrical, and +the other half is of the shape of the chamber, both being rather +smaller than the parts of the bore that they are intended for. A +staff, flat on its upper side, and rounded on its under side to fit +the curve of the bore, is mortised into the circumference of the +cylindrical part of the head. A mortise is cut through the chamber +part of the head, extending several inches in rear and front of the +position of the vent. Into this mortise a loose piece is fitted, +capable of free motion upwards and downwards, the top of which is +pierced with holes to secure the wax or composition which is spread +over its surface. This movable piece rests on a wedge attached to a +flat rod running through a slot in the head; there is a slot in this +rod about four inches long, a pin passing through it into the staff. +To use the instrument, withdraw the rod as far as the slot will +permit, which will allow the movable piece on which the composition +has been spread to drop below the surface of the head, and protect it. +Push the head to the bottom of the chamber, and arrange the position +of the staff so that the movable piece will cover the vent, then press +the end of the rod home. This motion will throw out the composition, +and a distinct impression of the vent and of fire-cracks (should there +be any) will be left upon its surface; draw the rod back as far as +the slot will allow, and withdraw the instrument: the impression, +being protected thereby, will come out uninjured. + +Impressions of injuries or cavities in the bore may easily be taken by +a similar contrivance. + +27th. Hydraulic pump and apparatus for the water-proof. + +Any of the various patterns of this machine may be applied to the +proof of guns. An iron cross-head is secured to a stout wooden block +which fits into the muzzle, and which has a flange or shoulder to +cover the muzzle-face; rings of caoutchouc or gutta-percha are placed +between them; an iron rod with a ring in one end, to fit over the +trunnion, and with a thread cut on the other end, is used on each side +of the gun, to connect the trunnion with the cross-head. The whole is +set up with nuts, and the pressure upon the rings makes a tight joint; +a coupling upon the cross-head receives the hose, and the water is +forced into the gun through a hole in the wooden block. Care should be +taken that the valve is loaded with the proper weight for proof. + +28th. Dies for marking guns.--A full set of figures, with such capital +letters as may be required for the inspection-marks; these should be +one inch in length. Also, small letters of suitable size to mark +"lbs.," and a full set of half-inch figures. + + +USE OF THE INSPECTING INSTRUMENTS. + +29. The guns having been freed from rust, and their foundry numbers +noted, in the order of their relative positions, on the field-book, +the inspecting officer will proceed to verify the instruments to be +used in their measurement, if this has not been previously done in a +manner entirely satisfactory to him. + +He will then examine carefully the guns, inside and out, for defects +of metal or of manufacture, and note the results. + +The interior of the bore is to be examined by reflecting the rays of +the sun into it from a mirror or mirrors; or, if the sun is obscured, +and there can be no delay, by means of a spirit-lamp, or of a wax +taper, on the end of a rod, taking care not to smoke the surface of +the bore. + +The cylinder-gauge is then to be introduced, which must pass freely to +the bottom of the cylindrical part of the bore. If obstructed, the +depth to which it reaches should be noted. + +The star-gauge is used to ascertain the exact diameter of the bore, +and of the cylindrical part of the chamber. The bore must be measured +at intervals of 1/4 inch from the bottom of the cylindrical part to +the seat of the shot; of 1 inch from that point to the trunnions; and +of 5 inches from the trunnions to the muzzle. If any marks of the +reamer or other defects are seen in the bore, they are to be searched +for, and their depths and positions noted. These results are to be +tabulated according to the blank forms furnished. The whole length of +the bore is ascertained by means of the measuring-staff, with the +point screwed on, supported in the axis of the bore by the disks and +half-tompion. + +In the absence of this instrument, a pine rod, having the proper +length of the bore marked on it, and the end rounded to the curve of +the bottom of the bore, will answer as well, using a thread or a +straight-edge across the face of the muzzle. + +The shape and dimensions of the chamber, and the position of the +interior orifice of the vent, are verified by means of the +chamber-gauge, the description of which will explain its use. An +inspection of the chamber-reamer will be generally satisfactory in +determining the size and shape of the chamber. + +The vent is measured by the appropriate gauges, the smaller of which +must enter freely, and the larger not at all. It is searched for +roughness, or for cavities in the metal around it, by means of the +searcher, the point of which should feel every part of it carefully. + +Its inclination to the surface, and its position externally, are +verified by means of the vent-guide furnished for the Dahlgren guns, +and by the semicircular protractor and the vent-gauge. + +In guns of the ordinary construction, the position of the vent is +marked on the profile-board, and its inclination to the surface is +determined by the protractor and vent-gauge. + +The exterior lengths of the gun are measured by the profile-board, +marked with the true dimensions, the differences being measured by the +foot-rule, or, if minute, estimated by the eye. + +The exterior diameters are measured with the calipers and square, or +by the set-gauges used in turning, and a graduated wedge. + +To verify the position and alignment of the trunnions of a gun, it is +first necessary to ascertain, by means of the trunnion-gauge and of +the calipers, their cylindrical form and their diameters, which should +be the same, or allowance must be made for half the difference in +measuring their axial distances from the base-line, by the +trunnion-rule, which should next be done. These distances should be +equal, or their axes do not coincide--an error not tolerated. + +The trunnion-square is then placed upon the trunnions in the plane of +their axis. The feet of its branches should coincide with the surfaces +of both trunnions, throughout their length, above and in rear, and +their inner edges with the faces of the rimbases. Then, with the +beam-compass, scribe on the upper surface of the gun the distance of +the axis of the trunnions from the base-line, and push the +sliding-point of the square down, till, at that distance, it touches +the surface of the gun, and screw it fast. Then turn the gun over, and +again scribe on it the same distance from the base-line. The square, +being again applied, will determine whether the trunnions are above or +below the axis of the bore, which will coincide with that of the gun, +if accurately bored, and turned on the same centres and bearings. If +the branches rest upon the trunnions before the point of the slider +touches the gun at the scribe, their axis is below; but if the point +touch first, above the axis of the bore, by half the space between. +The graduated wedge, being placed under the vertical sliding-point, +will determine the amount. If both touch at once, both axes are in the +same plane. + +No gun can be received, the axis of the trunnions of which is above +that of the bore. + +The lengths of the trunnions are measured with the foot-rule, and the +diameters of the rimbases by that of the exterior rim of the +trunnion-gauge. + +If the alignment of the trunnions be correct, it will serve as a means +of determining the correctness of the line of sight, which, before the +gun is removed from the lathe, should be distinctly traced on the +sight-masses and the swell of the muzzle, and should be at right +angles to the base-line, to the axes of the trunnions, and to the +connecting piece of the trunnion-square, when its branches rest +against their rear, with the plates across their upper surfaces. + +The Inspector will further satisfy himself of the correct tracing of +the line of sight on the gun, by examining the lathe and the manner +of tracing it in the plane of the axis of the bore, at right angles to +the axis of the trunnions, as by it are placed the sights and vent, +and in their absence it serves as a line of metal sight. + +The positions of the sight-masses are verified by the profile-board, +and by reference to the line of sight, traced on them; their form and +dimensions by the templates. + +The positions of the lock-lugs and their forms are verified by means +of the bronze pattern furnished to each foundry for each class of the +Dahlgren guns, and their dimensions by the templates. For other guns +the position of the lock-piece is marked on the profile-board, and +their measures taken as above. + +The opening of the cascabel and its curves, and those of the breech +and the muzzle-swell, are verified by means of the "cylinder-block" +and the templates. + +30. The following variations from the proper dimensions may be +tolerated by the Inspector, though every effort should be made to +conform exactly to the drafts furnished by the Bureau of Ordnance. + +In the diameter of the bore { more 0.03 + { less 0.00 + +Exterior diameter { where turned } more .05 + { or planed } less .05 + { + { where not } more .20 + { turned or planed } less .05 + +In the length { of the bore, more or less .10 + { from rear of base-ring or line to face of + { the muzzle, more or less .25 + { of the cascabel, from rear of base-ring to + { the end, more or less .20 + { of the reinforce, more or less .15 + +From the axis of trunnions to base-line, more or less .05 + +In the length of chamber, more or less .10 + +In the position of the axis { above axis of the bore .00 +of the trunnions { below axis of the bore .20 + +In the length of trunnions, more or less .05 + +Diameter of trunnions, less 0.05 + +In the same gun, no variations to be tolerated in the + position of the trunnions, or in their alignment. + +In the vent { diameter more 0.025 + { do. less .000 + +In lock-piece any dimensions {more .10 + {less .00 + +Variation of position of exterior orifice of vent .05 +Idem of interior do. do. .20 + +Depth of cavities { in the bore or vent .00 + { on exterior surface of reinforces, + { where turned or planed .10 + { elsewhere, where turned or planed .25 + { on trunnions, within one inch of rimbases .10 + { on trunnions, elsewhere .25 + +Enlargement or indentation of bore by proof, not to exceed .02 + +The measures are to be taken by scales corresponding with the standard +measures of the United States. + +If two or more cavities should be near each other on the exterior, the +gun may be rejected, though the cavities should be of less depth than +tolerated in the table. + +If the trunnions are placed within the limits of toleration, the +preponderance must not vary more than 5 per cent., more or less, from +that fixed in the contract. + + +POWDER-PROOF. + +31. The proof-charges shall be as follows: + +----------------------------------+-------+------------------+------+------+ +CALIBRE AND CLASS OF GUN. |CHARGE | PROJECTILE. |WADS. | NO. | + | OF | | | OF | + |POWDER.| | |FIRES.| +----------------------------------+-------+------------------+------+------+ + Shell-guns. |Pounds.| | | | + {| 35 |Shell 330 lbs.| | 3 | +XV-inch 43,000 lbs.{| 45 |Shell 330 lbs.| | 3 | + {| 55 |Cored sh. 400 lbs.| | 3 | + | | | | | +XI-inch 16,000 lbs.{| 25 |Solid shot |Gromet| 1 | + {| 15 |Shell | | 10 | + | | | | | +X-inch 12,500 lbs.{| 18 |Solid shot |Gromet| 1 | + {| 12 |Shell | | 10 | + | | | | | +IX-inch 9,000 lbs.{| 15 |Solid shot |Gromet| 1 | + {| 10 |Shell | | 10 | + | | | | | +8-inch of 63 cwt., or 7,000 lbs.{| 12 |Shot |Gromet| 1 | + {| 10 |Shell | | 10 | + | | | | | +8-inch of 6,500 lbs.{| 10 |Shot |Gromet| 1 | + | | | | | +8-inch of 55 cwt., or 6,000 lbs.{| 10 |Shot | | 1 | + {| 8 |Shell | | 10 | + | | | | | +32-pdr. of 4,500 lbs. | 8 |Shot | | 10 | +----------------------------------+-------+------------------+------+------+ + Shot-guns. | | | | | +130-pdr. of -- cwt., or | | | | | + 16,000 lbs.| 30 |1 Shot |Gromet| 10 | +64-pdr. of 106 cwt., or | | | | | + 12,000 lbs.| 20 | do. | do. | 10 | +32-pdr. of 57 cwt., or | | | | | + 6,400 lbs.| 15 | do. | do. | 10 | +32-pdr. of 51 cwt., or | | | | | + 5,700 lbs.| 13 | do. | do. | 10 | +32-pdr. of 42 cwt., or | | | | | + 4,700 lbs.| 10 | do. | do. | 10 | +32-pdr. of 33 cwt., or | | | | | + 3,600 lbs.| 10 | do. | do. | 10 | +32-pdr. of 27 cwt., or | | | | | + 3,000 lbs.| 9 | do. | do. | 10 | +----------------------------------+-------+------------------+------+------+ + +The cannon-powder for proof shall be of not less than 1,500 feet +initial velocity, as determined by the gun-pendulum at the Ordnance +Yard, Washington. + +It shall be filled in service cylinders, and well settled. + +For chambered pieces the increased charges should fill the chamber and +necessary portion of the bore. + +The projectiles shall be of full weight, and not below the mean gauge; +the shells shall be filled with a mixture of sand and ashes, to bring +them up to the proper weight of the filled shell. + +Sabots for the shell and a gromet wad over the shot. + +The gun should be fired on skids or a proving-carriage, to test the +trunnions. + +If five per cent. out of any lot offered for ordinary proof under a +contract shall fail to sustain it, the whole may be rejected, as may +be stipulated in the contract. + + +WATER-PROOF. + +32. The pressure to be applied in the water-proof will be two +atmospheres, or thirty pounds to the square inch. + +The penetration of water in this proof through the metal of the piece, +in any place, will cause the rejection of the gun; and if, on +examination after the water-proof, there shall be any defects +indicated by weeping or dampness in the bore, the gun shall be +rejected. + +The water-proof is alone to be depended on to detect minute clusters +of cavities in the bore, which for this purpose should be perfectly +dry, and examined by sunlight. All inspections, consequently, should +take place in fair weather, and when the temperature is above the +freezing-point. + + +MARKING GUNS. + +33. Guns for the naval service, received by authority of the Bureau of +Ordnance, are to be marked in the following manner, viz.: + +On the cylinder, in the line of sight near the sight-mass, all +accepted guns are to have stamped an anchor two inches long. + +Drawings of these stamps will be furnished by the Bureau of Ordnance. + +On the base ring or line, the initials of the foundry, the register +number, and the weight of gun in pounds. + +On the right trunnion, the calibre and year of fabrication. + +On the left trunnion, the letter P. and the initials of the inspecting +officer; all the above in one-inch letters. + +On the upper jaw of the cascabel, the preponderance in pounds to be +stamped lightly with half-inch figures. + +On the end of the upper jaw, the cascabel block and head of the pin, +the foundry number in quarter-inch figures. + +The foundry number is also to be marked on the right rimbase. + +Guns rejected for imperfections of any kind will have the letter C. +stamped on the anchor, so as to partially obliterate it. + +The founders are to be dissuaded from selling such guns to other +parties, and required to break them up. + +Guns rejected for such defects as render them dangerous to those who +fire them, should be irreparably mutilated, with the consent of the +founder. + + +EXTREME PROOF OF TRIAL-GUNS. + +34. The extreme proof of guns intended for trial of metal, subject to +such modifications by the Bureau as future experience may dictate, +will be conducted as follows: + +A suitable 'butt' shall be erected to arrest the flight of the +projectiles used in proof, and to admit of their easy recovery, and a +bomb-proof, readily accessible, for the protection of the firing +party. + +When practicable, the 'butt' should be made thick enough to allow the +shot to just pass through, and be stopped by another beyond it, +without penetrating the latter; this is, for XI-inch, about 12 feet. + +With care, it is estimated that 130 shells may be fired 1,000 times, +at the rate of one hundred rounds, per day. + +After undergoing the ordinary proof established for its calibre and +class, the gun selected for extreme proof shall be subjected to at +least 1,000 rounds with service charges. + +It may be fired from the skids, or suspended, as the Bureau may +direct. + +During the trial the gun shall be frequently and critically examined, +inside and out, for cracks or defects, especially about the interior +orifice of the vent, of which impressions are to be taken in wax at +regular intervals, in the manner prescribed on page 16, or in such +other manner as the Bureau may direct. If they show that the vent is +corroded in furrows, and enlarged considerably in diameter at its +junction with the bore, a permanent impression is to be taken in lead, +to show the conical enlargement. The following manner, practised at +the Experimental Battery at Washington, is recommended: + + +IMPLEMENTS REQUIRED. + +35. 1. A soft wire about 0.07 in. in diameter, and 3 or 4 fathoms +long. + +2. A lever about twice the length of the bore, and about 3 inches in +diameter, and shod to suit the curve of the bore nearly. + +3. A small button of soft lead, judged to be of sufficient size to +fill the vent at least one inch from the bore. This is to be pierced +lengthwise to receive the wire. + + +TO TAKE THE IMPRESSION. + +36. Shove the wire through the vent; let it pass along the bore and +out at the muzzle; put it through the leaden button and tie a knot at +the end. Draw the wire back through the vent until the leaden button +is introduced firmly into the inner orifice. + +[Illustration: TYPES OF VENTS. Lith. by J.F. Gedney, Washn.] + +Apply the lever, making its shoe bear on the button, and force it well +in by repeated blows, the muzzle being the fulcrum. This done, +disengage the button by pushing in the priming-wire. + +In taking impressions of the vent and cracks, each button in turn is +used as a pattern for moulding its successor, allowing for the +progressive enlargement of the vent, or the cracks emanating from it. +When the crack shows itself, the head of the button should be so +enlarged as to include it. + +These examinations should take place after every twenty fires, at +least, and more frequently when any unusual enlargement of the vent or +extension of cracks shall be developed, and indicate its speedy +destruction. + +Before each examination the bore of the gun is to be carefully washed +and dried. + +In recording the measurements of the bore in extreme proof and after +service, distinguish between "indentation," which is the depression at +the "seat of the shot," which is always below, and the "wear of the +bore," which is generally above, and increase of bore, or +"enlargement" from any other cause. + +When from the appearance of the bore at the interior orifice of the +vent, and especially when a crack or cracks appear to be extending +rapidly, the vent so enlarged may be filled with melted tin, zinc, or +Babbitt metal,--a tight-fitting sponge-head being pushed to the bottom +of the chamber to close the interior orifice,--and the other vent be +drilled through for the purpose of continuing the firing. + +The precise time at which this is to be done will vary, according to +circumstances; such as quality of metal, charge, and elevation. + +The endurance of a smooth-bored gun with service charges may be surely +predicted by observation of the progressive wear of the interior +orifice of the vent. + +There are certain general forms in which this enlargement takes place. +They may be classed as triangular, lozenge, quadrilateral, star, +circular, and elliptic. (See Plate.) + +With the ordinary central vent, when subjected to a rapid, continuous +fire, the enlargement usually takes the form of an isosceles triangle, +the apex of one of the angles towards the muzzle, and the other two +perpendicular to it. + +With the lateral vent of the Dahlgren system it usually takes the +lozenge form, the cracks extending from the opposite angles lengthwise +of the bore. + +With those rifled cannon in which the vent is bouched, the cracks +appear around the bouching; and although the bouching preserves the +vent, yet the formation of fissures around the enlarged orifice, when +once commenced, causes a greater tendency to rupture. With the vent +not bouched, the wear in rifled cannon is about double that of the +smooth-bore. + +So long as the wear of the vent is regular and without cracks, a mere +enlargement is not indicative of danger; but when it reaches a +diameter of four-tenths (.4) of an inch the vent should be closed and +a new one opened. + +A gun of large calibre should not in service be expected to endure +more than 400 or 500 rounds before it will be necessary to open the +new vent, which, however, will be of no advantage, unless the old one +be closed at its interior orifice, on which the gases would otherwise +continue to act as a wedge. + +The first distinct appearance of the cracks, as shown by the button, +is the proper limit. + +After the gun bursts, make a sketch or draft showing lines of +fracture, and reserve specimens to be sent to the Ordnance Yard at +Washington for trial of density and tensile strength; and, if +practicable, a photograph should be taken. + +[Illustration: XI IN. GUN No. 897. Lith. by J.F. Gedney, Washn.] + + +PREPARATION OF GUNS FOR SERVICE. + +37. After the guns have been received at the Navy Yards it is +necessary to adjust the sights, and, in the guns of the Dahlgren +pattern, cut the screw hole in the cascabel. + + +CUTTING THE SCREW-HOLE. + +38. The boring and screw-cutting machine is a convenient portable hand +drill-press, the use of which is readily understood by any machinist. + +The gun being carefully levelled, and the trunnions placed horizontal, +the position of the centre of the screw-hole, which in the guns of the +Dahlgren pattern is tangent to the radius of the breech, is marked on +the neck of the cascabel with a centre punch. + +The machine is placed on the cascabel, the boring shaft inserted in +the hollow leading bar, and its movable centre placed on the mark. The +instrument is then set vertical, by a spirit-level on the cogged +driving-wheel, and the four pairs of set screws on the clamp-head +embracing the cascabel. + +The centre is then removed, and a drill inserted in the lower +extremity of the boring-shaft, which, being held firmly by a shoulder +and turned by a four-armed wrench, while pressed up to the metal by +slowly turning the cogged driving-wheel, cuts the hole. This is +successively enlarged, by two or more counterbits, to the size of the +body of the screw. + +The cutter is then inserted in the leading bar, and the thread cut. + + +ADJUSTMENT OF THE SIGHTS. + +39. The bore having been thoroughly cleaned, the axis is levelled by a +spirit-level; this may be very conveniently done by the aid of the +levelling-bar. The axis of the trunnions is to be laid horizontal, +either by placing a small level on the trunnions, or, as more exact, +by using the trunnion-square. If the trunnion-square is used it will +be proper to verify the position of the line of sight, which is +frequently incorrectly placed at the foundries. + +The breech-sight is then to be adjusted. + +A brass head or tompion, fitted with a vertical arm, on which there is +a ledge for a spirit-level, is then introduced into the bore, and the +arm placed vertical by the spirit-level and a tangent screw. + +The arm is pierced on its centre line with two holes--one at the +height of the prescribed diameter of the muzzle, the other at a height +equal to the proper distance of the bottom of the sight-notch from the +axis of the bore. A waxed thread or fine wire, being stretched from +the upper hole to the centre of the sight-notch, will coincide with +the line of sight traced on the swell of the muzzle, the top of the +reinforce sight-mass, and the base-line, if they are correctly placed. +It will also be parallel to the axis of the bore if the adjustment of +the breech-sight is exact, and the top of the reinforce-sight is made +to coincide with it. + +This is, however, seldom the case, and after the adjustment of the +reinforce-sight it is necessary to verify it. + +This is done by the levelling-bar--a square steel bar with parallel +faces, somewhat longer than the distance between the sights, the rear +end of which is bevelled at 60 deg. (the angle at which the sight is +placed). + +The outer end of this bar is placed on the reinforce-sight, which has +been previously adjusted to the proper height, and the bevelled end in +contact with the outer face of the sight-bar. The bar is then levelled +by two screws placed near the inner end, and a spirit-level on its +upper surface. + +If then the bottom of the sight-notch coincides with the bottom of the +bar, the line of sight is parallel to the axis; otherwise, the +reinforce-sight or the sight-bar must be lowered until coincidence is +obtained. + +A centre line on the bar verifies the coincidence of the line of +sight, and also the motion of the sight-bar in the vertical plane. The +bevel verifies the angle of the bar; and the distance between the +outer faces of the sight-notch and of the reinforce-sight, being also +marked on the levelling-bar, verifies this adjustment. + +Another method is sometimes and more advantageously used in adjusting +the sights of guns which have not been turned. + +Two iron or wooden disks are turned to the exact diameter of the bore, +and placed on a rod two or three feet longer than the bore. One of the +disks is placed near the bottom of the bore, the other just within the +muzzle. On the part projecting beyond the muzzle there is a double +square, each arm of which is divided into equal parts and traversed by +a fine slit. + +The square being set vertical by a spirit-level or plumb-line, and a +waxed thread or wire stretched taut from the outer arm through the +slit, cutting equal divisions on each, and passing through the centre +of the slit, it is evident that a line of sight is obtained through +the centre of metal and parallel to the axis of the bore. + +This method has the advantage of adjusting the sights in any plane +parallel to the axis, as in the case of the side-sights of rifled and +other cannon. + + +ADJUSTMENT OF THE SIDE-SIGHTS. + +40. The gun having been levelled, and the trunnions placed horizontal, +a centre line is to be drawn on the top of the left (or right) +rimbase. + +The support for the sight is then to be fitted to the breech, at the +distance from this line marked on the pattern-sight for its calibre, +with the bottom of the sight-notch in the bar, exactly the height of +the front sight (one inch) above the upper surface of the rimbase; the +sight-bar perpendicular. + +It is advisable to place a very thin sheet of rubber under the +support, to prevent the heads of the screws from being jumped off by +the vibration. The screws have the same thread as those for the +present reinforce-sight. + +After the breech-sight is adjusted, a parallel to the axis of the bore +is to be drawn in the usual manner, and the front sight screwed in on +the rimbase. + +Some trifling adjustment may then be required, to bring the height of +the top of the front sight and the bottom of the sight-notch parallel +to the axis of the bore in both the horizontal and vertical planes. + + +PRESERVATION OF GUNS. + +41. Guns received at Navy Yards are to be carefully placed on the +ranges of masonry, capped with iron skids or bars. It is intended that +these shall be so high that the guns may be rolled upon them without +their trunnions touching the ground, and that the earth will not be +beaten up against their muzzles by heavy rains. + +42. The surface over which guns are to be stowed should be kept firm +and clear of all vegetation, and for this purpose should be covered +with cinders from the smiths' forges, or other substance unfavorable +to or destructive of the growth of plants and grasses. + +43. In stowing the guns they should be made to rest on one of the +skids or bars, a little forward of the base-ring, the muzzle +depressed, but not so much as to prevent the use of the sponge to +clean out the gun; the axis of the trunnion of each to be inclined the +same way, and just enough not to touch the adjoining gun; the vents to +be upwards. + +44. Before the stowage is finally made they should be carefully and +thoroughly cleaned from rust and all improper coatings, and be +lacquered internally and externally with such composition as may be +directed by the Bureau. This should be applied, when practicable, when +the guns are well warmed by the rays of the sun. The vents and all +screw-holes are to be stopped with plugs made of soft wood or oakum +dipped in tallow, after they have been protected by an application of +beeswax dissolved in spirits of turpentine, or other composition that +may be directed by the Bureau. + +45. No tompions are to be put into the guns when they are stowed +unless expressly directed by the Bureau; if so ordered, a score must +be cut out from them on the lower side, half an inch wide and equally +deep. + +46. In lacquering guns care is to be taken to leave the distinguishing +marks and numbers distinctly visible. + +47. Shell-guns are always to be denominated by the diameter of the +bore; shot-guns by the weight of their shot. + +48. Guns of the same calibre and class, when it can be conveniently +done, are to be stowed in the same tier or range, and those of each +class belonging to or selected for any particular vessel kept +together. Each tier or range of guns of a particular calibre or class +is to be marked accordingly with paint on a sign-board, and the first +gun of each class belonging to a vessel is to be marked with the name +of the vessel. + +49. The Officer on Ordnance duty will examine all the guns in the yard +and on board vessels in ordinary, at least once in every two weeks, +and take care that they are kept protected from rust or any other +injury, and will report to the Bureau whenever any additional +precautions or arrangements are required for their proper +preservation, and which may not be furnished by the order of the +Commandant of the Yard. + +50. No cutting, boring, or chiselling of guns is to be done at any +time without express authority from the Bureau. + +51. No condemnation of guns or small arms belonging to the Navy is to +be made, except upon surveys specially ordered, and confirmed by the +Chief of the Bureau; nor of other articles which have been furnished +under his authority, or by his direction, unless by surveys ordered or +sanctioned by him. + +52. When guns and their equipments are to be put on board vessels for +their armament, the guns are to be carefully and thoroughly cleaned +and examined, to see that they are in all respects in proper +serviceable condition. + +The vents should be examined with the vent-gauges and searchers, to +see that they are clear from any substance which may obstruct the use +of priming-wires and primers. + +53. The carriages are also to be carefully examined, the +trunnion-holes and arms of the axletrees cleaned, and saturated with +boiled linseed oil, the cracks filled with putty, and rubbed smooth, +and the trunnion-holes black-leaded. The iron work should be freed +from rust, all screws be made to work easily, and be well cleaned and +coated with proper composition. + +54. The Ordnance Officers will see that the sights are properly fitted +and marked for their proper guns. The greatest care should be taken +that they are properly adjusted, as the efficiency of the ship depends +on it, and it is difficult to detect or remedy any error after they +are placed on board; that the beds and quoins are fitted and adjusted, +and the quoins graduated to degrees or distances to correspond with +those marked on the sight-bars. Porter's quoin is adopted for all +carriages requiring quoins. + +55. New guns are to have locks fitted to them before being put on +board ship. Those having two lugs will have the one on the right +fitted; the other is to be left solid. + +56. When the guns are to be shipped for transportation merely, the +same precautions are to be taken to guard them from injury as on +shore, with the addition of a wad dipped into the composition which +covers the bore, thrust into the muzzle, and connected with the +tompion by a lanyard. + +In the transportation of guns by rail--unboxed--the vents are to be +plugged with soft wood, puttied over, and turned vent downwards on the +trucks. All bronze howitzers transported by rail shall be boxed. + +57. At the termination of a cruise the guns composing the battery of +every vessel-of-war of the United States, shall be carefully examined +by the Ordnance Officer of the Yard, and such others as may be +directed, with the view to discover and report any injuries which they +may have sustained in service, or any defects which may not have been +developed in the original proof. In this examination the attention of +the Inspecting Officers is to be directed to the following points, +viz.: + +Enlargement of the interior or exterior orifice of the vent. + +Indentations or hollows produced by the shot balloting against the +surface of the bore, or by the action of the gases. + +Cuts or scratches in the bore, produced by fragments of broken or the +roughness of imperfect shot. + +Roughness or corrosion of the metal on the exterior, produced by +neglect or exposure. + +Similar injuries in the bore, or any enlargement of the bore, which is +to be ascertained by measuring with the star-gauge, at every +one-fourth (1/4) of an inch from the bottom of the cylindrical part to +the seat of the shot, every inch from that point to the trunnion, +thence every 5 inches to the muzzle, and the results recorded in the +usual form, and reported to the Bureau, that they may be compared with +those noted at the original inspection. + +In rifled cannon, cracks or injuries produced by firing, or the +rupture of shells, are to be sought for:-- + +Around and in rear of the vent bouching; + +On the top of the bore, between the trunnions and reinforce band. + +On the lower side of the bore, near the seat of the shot, at the +junction of the lands and grooves. + +Near the inside of the muzzle, caused by explosion of shells. + +Care is to be taken that the distinguishing marks and numbers are +always accurately noted, that the correct history of each gun may be +preserved. + +58. Before sailing, the Inspector of Ordnance will furnish the +commander with a descriptive list of his battery, together with a +statement of the number of times each gun on board has been fired, in +the following form; a copy of which the commander shall transmit to +the Bureau before sailing: this list shall be returned to the +Inspector of the Yard to which she may return, with all additional +firing noted opposite the number of each gun, certified "correct" by +the commander. + +In the list furnished by the Inspector, if the "number of fires" is +_estimated_, it is to be entered in red ink (_See_ Arts. 62-64), and +so carried forward in the subsequent returns. + + NAME OF VESSEL. STATION. + + ( ) ( ) +-----+-------------------------+------------+----------+---------+--------+ +CLASS| MARKS ON BASE-RING. | TRUNNIONS. |PIVOT, OR | WHERE |NUMBER | + OF +-------------------------+------------+BROADSIDE.|RECEIVED.|FIRES OF| + GUN.|Reg. No.|Weight.|Foundry.|Right.|Left.| | |TO DATE.| +-----+--------+-------+--------+------+-----+----------+---------+--------+ + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +-----+--------+-------+--------+------+-----+----------+---------+--------+ + + + _________________________________ + +Forwarded by _Commanding._ + + +59. The Bureau directs that, whenever a gun is taken on board a +vessel, the number of rounds which have been fired from it be +ascertained by the Commander, a record made thereof, and forwarded +with the descriptive list, in the above form, to the Bureau; and +whenever a gun is landed or transferred to another vessel, a similar +record is to be furnished the officer receiving it, which must be +stated in the receipt for the gun, and a copy forwarded to the Bureau +of Ordnance by the officer delivering the gun. + +The Commander shall also transmit to the Bureau a quarterly return, +according to the prescribed form (_See_ Appendix B, No. X.) of all +firing whether with or without projectiles, in action or otherwise; +noting particularly the kind of shell, species of fuze, kind, charge, +and name of maker of the powder used in the gun and shell. He shall +take care to note also the number of premature explosions of shells, +and the point at which they take place, with the supposed causes +thereof. + +60. The Inspector will also furnish the commander with a set of leaden +impressions of the interior orifice of the vents of the guns, secured +in a suitable box, that he may be able to compare the wear and gradual +enlargement. These will be transferred with the guns to other ships or +when landed. + +61. The protracted firing to which the Navy cannon have been +subjected, and to which they will continue to be liable, renders it +necessary not to exceed the number of fires designated for each vent. + +These must never exceed five hundred (500) fires for each vent. + +In the IX-in., XI-in., and guns of similar form, the right vent is +always bored through, and the left initiated sufficiently to give it +direction. + +When five hundred (500) rounds have been fired from the right vent, +it is to be closed by filling it with molten zinc or lead, and the +left vent is to be bored, which will require a skilful mechanic. + +When the left vent has been fired five hundred (500) rounds, the gun +is to be disused, as it will then have been fired one thousand (1,000) +times. + +It may happen, from some peculiarity in the nature of the iron, that +the vent may be worn to its full extent before five hundred (500) +rounds have been fired, in which case the vent is then to be closed, +and the other vent opened. + +The gun should be frequently and critically examined inside and out +for cracks or defects, especially about the interior orifice of the +vent, of which impressions should be taken after every ten shotted +rounds in practice, and at the close of an action. + +The instrument described on p. 16 is convenient, but by no means +indispensable--any small spar, such as a boat's mast, or even the +rammer handle with a curved piece of wood seized to the end, will, in +expert hands, take an impression of the vent or crack equally well. + +62. As the best indication of the amount of firing to which any +smooth-bored gun has been exposed, when it is not otherwise known, is +given by the enlargement of the vent, particular attention will be +paid, in the reinspection of the guns, to this point. The standard +gauge will be used to ascertain the general enlargement, and the +searcher to detect defects which may have been developed in firing. +Impressions are to be taken of the lower orifice of the vent with +softened wax, and if they show that the vent is corroded in furrows +and enlarged considerably in diameter at its junction with the bore, a +permanent impression is to be taken in lead to show the conical +enlargement. (See mode of taking impressions, Arts. 35 and 36.) + +63. When the number of rounds fired is not known, an estimate may be +made from an examination of the vent by cylindrical gauges differing +from each other by .01 of an inch passed through it. If the number is +estimated, it is to be entered in red ink. + +64. In all the guns of the Dahlgren pattern the vents are (.2) +two-tenths of an inch in diameter. In all other guns .22 of an inch +exterior, .2 of an inch on the interior. + +Observation of the wear of the vent in proof firing of smooth-bored +guns gives the following as the average diameter of the vent, after +the undermentioned number of fires: + + No. of rounds 100 200 300 400 500 + Diameter of vent .24 .26 .30 .35 .40 + +These, combined with examination of the interior orifice, will enable +a very correct judgment to be formed of the probable number of fires +sustained and duration of the gun. + +The larger the calibre and the heavier the charge the more promptly +the wear is manifested on the interior and exterior. + +This enlargement does not extend very far from the lower orifice until +the enlargement on the exterior has reached a diameter of .3 of an +inch. + +65. So long as the wear is regular, and the cracks, although numerous, +do not exceed .5 of an inch in length, the indications are good. If +the cracks are but few or diminish in number, running into each other +and extending rapidly, it is a very unfavorable sign. In the rifle +cannon (Parrott's) cracks athwart the bore either running into the +bouching or in the rear of it are very unfavorable to the gun's +endurance. + +66. Whenever any premature explosions of shells take place within the +gun or near the muzzle, a careful examination of the gun shall be +made; and all the circumstances of the case, together with the +opinions of the commander and officers in immediate charge as to the +cause thereof, reported to the Bureau; taking care to state the kind +of shell and species of fuze used; the mode of loading; whether the +shell was lined or coated on the interior; kind, charge, and name of +maker of the powder which was used in the gun and shell. + +There is reason to believe that few failures of the Parrott rifles +have occurred where the guns have not been previously, or at the time, +injuriously strained by the explosion of shells within the bore. + +67 Whenever a gun shall give away under fire, or an accident of any +kind happen to one, the Bureau desires to be immediately informed of +all the facts in relation thereto. + +Particular attention should be paid to the following points: + +1. The manner in which the gun was loaded, stating the charge and kind +of powder used, and character and weight of projectiles. + +2. The condition and appearance of the gun after it gave way, and what +effect was produced on the carriage by the explosion. + +3. What injuries, if any, occurred to the crew of the gun or vessel. + +Sketches of the gun and fragments which remain should also be sent to +the Ordnance Yard at Washington for trial of density and tensile +strength, accompanied by the written statement in detail of the +officers in immediate charge of the gun, and if practicable a +photograph should be taken. + + +INSPECTION OF SHOT AND SHELLS. + +RULES AND MEMORANDA FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF INSPECTORS. + + +68. All shot and shells for the naval service must be-- + +1st. Made from gray or mottled charcoal pig-iron. + +2d. This iron most not be blasted with anthracite coal. + +3d. It must be poured into sand moulds. + +69. After being cast in this manner, the shot and shells must be-- + +1st. Spherical. + +2d. Smooth on the surface. + +3d. Free from the defects named in the following rules for the use of +the inspecting instruments: + + +FOR SHOT. + +70. INSPECTING INSTRUMENTS.--One large, small, and one medium ring +gauge, and one cylinder-gauge for each calibre. The cylinder-gauge +shall have the same diameter as the large gauge, made of cast iron, +and three calibres in length. One hammer weighing two pounds, and +having a flat face and a conical point; one searcher, of steel wire, +with a handle; one pair of calipers and standard scale; one cold +chisel; steel punches. + +71. After having been well cleaned, each shot is placed upon a table, +and examined to see that its surface is smooth, and that the metal is +sound and free from seams, flaws, and blisters. If clusters of +cavities or small holes appear on the surface, strike the point of the +hammer into them, and ascertain their depth with the searcher. If the +depth of the cavity exceeds 0.2 inch, the shot shall be rejected; it +shall also be rejected if any attempt is made to conceal defects by +plugging or filling holes in any mode whatever. + +72. The shot must pass in every direction through the large gauge, and +not at all through the small one; the calipers and scale will +determine exactly the difference of diameters of the same projectile. + +73. The ring and cylinder gauges shall be examined before each +inspection, and when found to have enlarged 0.01 of an inch, must be +laid aside and marked as unserviceable. + +74. The shot are next to be passed through the cylinder-gauge, placed +at an inclination of about two inches between the ends, and supported +in such a manner as to be easily turned from time to time, to prevent +its being worn in furrows. Shot which slide or stick in the cylinder +shall be rejected; the latter must be pushed out from the lower end of +the cylinder with a wooden rammer. + +[Illustration: PRINCIPAL INSPECTING INSTRUMENTS FOR SHELLS D. Van +Nostrand Publisher. Julius Bien, pr.] + +75. The next proof of shot is to drop a few taken indiscriminately +from the lot under inspection from a height of twenty feet on a solid +platform of iron, or roll them down an inclined plane of the same +height against a mass of iron; after which they are again examined for +defects of metal. + +76. The average weight of shot shall be determined by weighing at +least three parcels, of from 20 to 50 each, taken indiscriminately +from the lot. As many of the lightest shall be weighed separately as +the inspecting officer may deem necessary, and all found to fall below +the least weight allowed in the annexed table of the dimensions of +shot and shells shall be rejected. Shot made of charcoal iron will be +stamped with a * or "burr" near the gate. + + +SHELLS. + +77. Shells should be cast on a half-inch hollow spindle, to allow the +gas to pass freely from the core; the fuze-hole would then be +sufficiently large to admit the gauge for thickness before the shells +leave the foundry. + +78. INSPECTING INSTRUMENTS.--In addition to the instruments for shot, +there will be required calipers with steel points for measuring the +thickness of the shell at points on the great circle at right angles +with the axis of the fuze-hole; gauges for the thickness at and +opposite the fuze-hole; a conical flat steel gauge for the fuze-hole, +marked at the point to which it should enter; a pair of strong +hand-bellows, with a wooden plug to fit the fuze-hole and the nozzle +air-tight. (See Plate.) + + +INSPECTION. + +79. The surface of the shell and its exterior dimensions, form, +weight, and strength, are to be examined and tested as in the case of +shot, and subject to all the conditions there specified. + +80. The greatest care is to be taken to remove every particle of sand +or fragment of iron from the interior when they are about to be loaded +for service. And the Inspectors of Ordnance at foundries or Navy Yards +will satisfy themselves that this has been done before accepting or +preparing them for service. + +81. The shell is next struck with a hammer, to judge by the ring or +sound whether it is free from cracks; and the exterior and interior +diameters of the fuze-hole (which should be accurately reamed) are to +be verified, and the soundness of the metal about the inside of the +fuze-hole ascertained. To determine the thickness of the metal, three +points, at least, on the great circle at right angles to the axis of +the fuze-hole are to be measured; also one at the fuze-hole and one at +the bottom. No shell shall be received which deviates more than +one-tenth of an inch from the proper thickness in any part. + +82. The shell is next placed in a tub of water, which should be deep +enough to completely cover the shell. Air is then forced by the +bellows into the shell. If there are any holes in it, air-bubbles will +rise on the surface of the water, and the shell shall be rejected. + +83. This occasionally occurs from the escape of air from porous spots +which do not extend to the interior of the shells. In this case the +action of the bellows produces no increase of bubbles, which cease +rising as soon as the spots or cavities are filled with water. Porous +spots are also detected by their absorbing water and drying slowly +when exposed to the air, and shall likewise cause the rejection of the +shell. + +84. The Inspecting Officers will stamp the shell at one inch from the +fuze-hole with their initials, also those of the foundry at which they +are cast. + +The Inspector or one of his assistants must be present when shot or +shell are inspected; and the stamps and marks are always to be +retained in the possession of the Inspector. + +85. Rejected shells are to be mutilated by chipping a piece out at the +fuze-hole. + +86. If, upon the inspection of shot or shells, any of them should be +found not to conform strictly to these instructions or to the +requirements of the contract under which they are offered for +reception, the Inspecting Officer is not to receive them; but if, in +his opinion, the defects, taken in connection with the general +character of the articles, will not impair their efficacy or render +them unsafe or hazardous, he may refer to the Chief of the Bureau of +Ordnance for his decision, forwarding to him minute and full +information on the subject. + +87. Shot and shells shall be delivered for inspection at the places +specified in the contract, at the expense of the contractor; and those +which are rejected shall be immediately removed, also at his expense. + +TABLE OF SHOT AND SHELL GAUGES. + +88. SHOT. + +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. | XV. |XIII. | XI. | X. | IX. | 8. | 32. | + |(Cored.)| | | | | | | +--------------------------+--------+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+ +Diameter of large gauge | | | | | | | | + for foundries. | 14.83 | 12.83| 10.83| 9.83| 8.83| 7.88| 6.28| +Diameter of small gauge | | | | | | | | + for foundries. | 14.77 | 12.77| 10.77| 9.77| 8.77| 7.82| 6.22| +Mean of gauge for | | | | | | | | + foundries. in.| 14.80 | 12.80| 10.80| 9.80| 8.80| 7.85| 6.25| +Mean weight required | | | | | | | | + of foundries. lbs.| 400. |276. |166. |124. |90. |65. |32.5 | +Least weight allowed | | | | | | | | + foundries. lbs.| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |64.5 |32. | +Diameter of small gauges | | | | | | | | + for service. | | | | | | | | + {1st class in.| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 7.82| 6.22| + {2d class in.| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 7.80| 6.20| +--------------------------+--------+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+ + +89. SHELL. + +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. | XV. |XIII. | XI. | X. | IX. | 8. | 32. | +---------------------------+-------+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+ +Diameter of large gauge | | | | | | | | + for foundries. | 14.83| 12.83| 10.87| 9.87| 8.87| 7.88| 6.28| +Diameter of small gauge | | | | | | | | + for foundries. | 14.77| 12.77| 10.83| 9.83| 8.83| 7.82| 6.22| +Mean of gauge for | | | | | | | | + foundries. in.| 14.80| 12.80| 10.85| 9.85| 8.85| 7.85| 6.25| + {Proper in.| 2.85| 2.37| 2. | 1.80| 1.60| 1.50| 1.25| +Thickness. {Greatest in.| 2.95| 2.47| 2.10| 1.90| 1.70| 1.60| 1.35| + {Least in.| 2.75| 2.27| 1.90| 1.70| 1.50| 1.40| 1.15| +Diameter of fuze-hole. | | | | | | | | + {Proper and least | .65| .65| .65| .65| .65| .65| .65| + {Greatest | .75| .75| .75| .75| .75| .75| .75| +Diameter of large gauge | | | | | | | | + for strapped. | 14.93| 12.93| 10.93| 9.93| 8.98| 7.93| 6.33| +Mean weight required | | | | | | | | + for foundries. lbs.| 330. |208. |127. | 95. |68.50|50. |25. | +Least weight allowed | | | | | | | | + foundries for | | | | | | | | + any one. lbs.| -- | -- |126. | 94. |67.50|49. |24.5 | +Weight of filled and | | | | | | | | + sabotted. lbs.| 352. |216.5 |135.5 |101.50|73.50|52.75|26.5 | +---------------------------+-------+------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+ + +For gauges of boat-gun fixed ammunition, see Boat Armament of United +States Navy, by Admiral Dahlgren, 2d edition, 1856. + +90. SHRAPNEL. + +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. | XV. | XI. | X. | IX. | +--------------------------+-------+------+------+------+ +Mean of empty case. | | | | | + { Gauge in.| 14.8 | 10.85| 9.85| 8.85| + { Thickness in.| 1.25| 1. | .87| .75| + { Weight lbs.| 178. | 76. | 57. | 38. | +Balls { Number |1000. |625. |435. |350. | + { Diameter lbs.| 1. | .85| .85| .85| + { Weight lbs.| 140. | 51. | 33.5 | 27. | +Sulphur. lbs.| 30. | 10. | 8.5 | 7. | +Bursting charge. oz.| 10. | 6. | 4. | 3. | + | | | | | +Weight complete. } | | | | | +Weight sabotted. } lbs.| 358. |141. |101. | 75. | +--------------------------+-------+------+------+------+ + +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. | 8. | 32. | 24 | 12 | +--------------------------+-------+---------+---------+---------+ +Mean of empty case. | | | | | + { Gauge in.| 7.85| 6.25 | 5.67 | 4.52 | + { Thickness in.| .69| .60 | .55 | .45 | + { Weight lbs.| 29. | 15. | 11. | 6.5 | +Balls { Number | 220. |235. lead|175. lead| 80. lead| + { Diameter lbs.| .85| .65 | .65 | .65 | + { Weight lbs.| 17. | 14. | 10.5 | 4.75 | +Sulphur. lbs.| 5. | 2.25 | 1.5 | .75 | +Bursting charge. oz.| 2.5 | 1.25 |450. |350. | + | | | grs. | grs. | +Weight complete. } | | | | | +Weight sabotted. } lbs.| 52. | 32. | 24. | 12. | +--------------------------+-------+---------+---------+---------+ + +91. DIMENSIONS OF SABOTS AND STRAPS FOR SHELL AND SHRAPNEL. + +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. | XV. |XIII.| XI. | X. | IX. | 8. | 32. | 24. | 12. | +--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----+ +Thickness in.| 5. | 4.50| 2.75| 2.75| 2.40| 2. | 1.50 |1.90 |1.50 | +Diameter | | | | | | | | | | + {greatest in.|14.25|12.25|10.50| 9.50| 8.60| 6.90| 6. |5.7 |4.60 | + {least in.|14.25|12.25|10.50| 9.50| 8.60| 6.80| 5.50 |5.55 |4.40 | +Depth of saucers in.| 2.50| 2.25| 1.80| 1.60| 1.40| 1.20| 1. |1.50 |1.30 | +Weights lbs.| 8.90| 5.50| 2.70| 2.40| 1.85| .90| .50 | .46 | .22 | +Shell-straps | | | | | | | | | | + {Length in.|25.75|22.5 |17.25|17.25|14.75|13.25|10.25 |7.625|6.375| + {Width in.| 1.25| 1. | .75| .75| .75| .75| .625| .50 | .375| + {Tin No.| XXD | XXD | XXD | XXD | IX | IX | IC | IC | IC | +Tacks No.| 20 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | +--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----+ + +92. GRAPE. + + | | | | | | | | |RIFLE | + | | | | | | | | +-------+ +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. | XV.|XI. |X. |IX. | 8. |32. |24.|12.|20.|12.| +----------------------+----+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+---+---+---+---+ +Weight of stand lbs.| -- | 34.75|26.10|20.4 |15.7 | 8.75| | | | | +Weight of balls lbs.| -- | 89.10|71.70|25.20|37.12|24.80| | | | | +Number of balls | -- | 15. |15. |18. |18. |12. | | | | | +Diameter of balls in.| -- | 3.55| 3.34| 2.80| 2.50| 2.50| | | | | +Weight complete lbs.| -- |125.08|98.62|74.10|58.25|33.50| | | | | +----------------------+----+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+---+---+---+---+ + +93. CANISTER. + +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. |XV. |XI. |X. |IX. | +----------------------+------+------+------+-------+ +Windage in.| .25| .25| .25| .25 | +Height | | | | | + {Empty case in.| 15.50| 13.50| 11.75|10.5 | + {Finished in.| 14. | 12. | 10.5 | 9.5 | +Case notched, and | | | | | + turned over in.| .75| .75| .65| .50 | +Thickness of head | | | | | + {Top in.| 1. | 5/8 | 5/8 | 5/8 | + {Middle in.| 1. | 5/8 | | | + {Bottom in.| 2. | 1. | 1. | 1. | +Size of | | | | | + {Rod in.|13/16 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | + {Nut {diameter in.| 2.75| 1.75| 1.75| 1.75 | + {thickness in.| 1.50| 1. | 1. | 1. | + {Bale in.| 1/2 | 3/5 | 5/8 | 3/5 | +Metal and thickness | | | | | + {Iron No.| 20. | 25. | 25. | 25. | + {Tin No.| -- | -- | -- | -- | +Balls | | | | | + {Number |600. |315. |290. |230. | + {Diameter in.| 1.30| 1.30| 1.30| 1.30 | + {Weight lbs.|150. | 85. | 70. | 65. | +Weight finished lbs.|207. |120. | 98. | 70. | +----------------------+------+------+------+-------+ + +DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT. |8. |32. |24. |12. | +----------------------+------+------+-----+-----+ +Windage in.| .25| .25| .15| .15| +Height | | | | | + {Empty case in.| 9.75| 8.65| 5. | 3.85| + {Finished in.| 8.75| 7.75| 6. | 5. | +Case notched, and | | | | | + turned over in.| .50| .45| 4.65| 3.52| +Thickness of head | | | | | + {Top in.| .75| .50| .35| .3 | + {Middle in.| | | | | + {Bottom in.| .75| .50| 1.90| 1.90| +Size of | | | | | + {Rod in.| | | | | + {Nut { diameter in.| | | | | + {thickness in.| | | | | + {Bale in.| | | | | +Metal and thickness | | | | | + {Iron No.| | | | | + {Tin No.| XXD | XXD | IC | IC | +Balls | | | | | + {Number |162. |100. |39. |39. | + {Diameter in.| 1.30| 1.30| 1.30| 1. | + {Weight lbs.| 45. | 28. |12.5 | 5.85| +Weight finished lbs.| 50. | 30. |14.55| 7.75| +----------------------+------+------+-----+-----+ + + NOTE.--Bottom of XV-inch canister, of two thicknesses of oak, ash, + or beech, crossing each other; put together with wrought-iron + nails, clinched; spindle riveting on the bottom through a 3 inches + square plate, 1/4 thick; cast-iron hexagonal nut, with + wrought-iron bale. + + For XI, X, and IX-inch, bottom-head one thickness of one-inch oak, + ash, or beech; spindle riveting on a plate 1-1/4 inches wide, by + 1/4 thick, running across the grain the whole width of bottom, + with a rivet at each end of plate. + + Top and centre heads of all made of white pine. + + Iron cases to be well painted inside with red before filling. + + +94. Shot of the first class, or which do not exceed 0.18 of an inch +windage, are to be entirely black, and those of the second class, +having from 0.18 to 0.20 of an inch windage, to be marked partly +white. Each class is to be piled and kept separate from every other. +Both classes are to be considered and supplied as "serviceable shot;" +but are to be stowed separately on board ship, and the returns to the +Bureau are to show the number of each, respectively. The number of +those having more than 0.20 of an inch windage are to be reported and +retained until special orders may be given for their disposition. In +case any should be taken as the foundation for piling serviceable +shot, they are to be painted entirely white and their number returned +as unserviceable. + + +PILING OF BALLS. + +95. To find the number of balls in a pile--Multiply the sum of the +three parallel edges by one-third of the number of balls in a +triangular face. + +In a square pile one of the parallel edges contains but one ball; in a +triangular pile two of the edges have but one ball in each. The number +of balls in a triangular face is x(x+1)/2; x being the number in the +bottom row. The sum of the three parallel edges in a triangular pile +is x+2; in a square pile, 2x+1; in an oblong pile, 3X + 2x-2; X being +the length of the top row, and x the width of the bottom tier; or +3m-x+1; m being the length, x the width of the bottom tier. + +If a pile consists of two piles joined at a right angle, calculate the +contents of one as a common oblong pile, and of the other as a pile of +which the three parallel edges are equal. + +96. TABLE GIVING THE NUMBER OF BALLS IN A TRIANGULAR PILE, THE BASE OF +WHICH IS X. + + VALUE OF | VALUE OF | VALUE OF | VALUE OF | VALUE OF | +-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+ + X. | S. | X. | S. | X. | S. | X. | S. | X. | S. | +-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+ + 1 | 1 | 6 | 56 | 11 | 286 | 16 | 816 | 21 | 1771 | + 2 | 4 | 7 | 84 | 12 | 364 | 17 | 969 | 22 | 2024 | + 3 | 10 | 8 | 120 | 13 | 455 | 18 | 1140 | 23 | 2300 | + 4 | 20 | 9 | 165 | 14 | 560 | 19 | 1330 | 24 | 2600 | + 5 | 35 | 10 | 220 | 15 | 680 | 20 | 1540 | 25 | 2925 | +-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+ + +97. TABLE GIVING THE NUMBER OF BALLS CONTAINED IN A SQUARE PILE, THE +BASE OF WHICH IS X, AND IN A RECTANGULAR PILE, THE SIDES OF WHICH ARE +X AND X + N. + +VALUE | DIFFERENCES | VALUE OF N. + OF +-------------+----------------------------------- + X. | 2d. | 1st. | 0. | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + 2 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 17 | + 3 | 9 | 16 | 14 | 20 | 26 | 32 | 38 | + 4 | 11 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | + 5 | 13 | 36 | 53 | 30 | 85 | 100 | 115 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + 6 | 15 | 49 | 91 | 112 | 133 | 154 | 175 | + 7 | 17 | 64 | 140 | 168 | 196 | 224 | 552 | + 8 | 19 | 81 | 204 | 240 | 276 | 312 | 348 | + 9 | 21 | 100 | 285 | 330 | 375 | 420 | 465 | + 10 | 23 | 121 | 385 | 440 | 495 | 550 | 605 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + 11 | 23 | 144 | 506 | 572 | 638 | 704 | 770 | + 12 | 27 | 159 | 650 | 728 | 805 | 884 | 962 | + 13 | 29 | 196 | 819 | 910 | 1001 | 1092 | 1183 | + 14 | 31 | 225 | 1015 | 1120 | 1225 | 1330 | 1435 | + 15 | 33 | 255 | 1240 | 1360 | 1480 | 1600 | 1720 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + 16 | 35 | 286 | 1496 | 1632 | 1768 | 1904 | 2040 | + 17 | 37 | 324 | 1785 | 1988 | 2091 | 2244 | 2397 | + 18 | 39 | 361 | 2109 | 2280 | 2451 | 2622 | 2793 | + 19 | 41 | 400 | 2470 | 2660 | 2850 | 3040 | 3239 | + 20 | 43 | 441 | 2870 | 3080 | 3290 | 3500 | 3710 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + 21 | 45 | 484 | 3311 | 3542 | 3773 | 4004 | 4235 | + 22 | 47 | 529 | 3795 | 4048 | 4301 | 4554 | 4807 | + 23 | 49 | 576 | 4325 | 4600 | 4876 | 5152 | 5428 | + 24 | 51 | 625 | 4900 | 5200 | 5500 | 5800 | 6100 | + 25 | 53 | 676 | 8525 | 5850 | 6175 | 6500 | 6825 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + + VALUE OF N. | DIFFERENCES| +-----------------------------------------+------------+ + 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | 9. | 10. | 1st. | 2d. | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+ + 20 | 23 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 35 | 3 | 3 | + 44 | 50 | 56 | 62 | 68 | 74 | 6 | 4 | + 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 | 130 | 10 | 5 | + 130 | 145 | 160 | 175 | 190 | 205 | 15 | 6 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+ + 196 | 217 | 238 | 259 | 280 | 301 | 21 | 7 | + 280 | 308 | 336 | 364 | 392 | 420 | 28 | 8 | + 384 | 420 | 456 | 492 | 528 | 564 | 36 | 9 | + 510 | 555 | 100 | 645 | 690 | 735 | 45 | 10 | + 660 | 715 | 770 | 825 | 880 | 935 | 55 | 11 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+ + 838 | 902 | 968 | 1034 | 1100 | 1166 | 66 | 12 | + 1040 | 1118 | 1196 | 1274 | 1352 | 1430 | 78 | 13 | + 1274 | 1365 | 1456 | 1547 | 1638 | 1729 | 91 | 14 | + 1540 | 1645 | 1750 | 1855 | 1960 | 2065 | 105 | 15 | + 1840 | 1960 | 2080 | 2200 | 2320 | 2440 | 120 | 16 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+ + 2126 | 2312 | 2448 | 2584 | 2720 | 2856 | 136 | 17 | + 2550 | 2703 | 2556 | 3009 | 3162 | 3315 | 154 | 18 | + 2964 | 3135 | 3806 | 3477 | 3648 | 3819 | 111 | 19 | + 3420 | 3610 | 3800 | 3990 | 4180 | 4370 | 190 | 20 | + 3920 | 4130 | 4340 | 4550 | 4760 | 4970 | 210 | 21 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+ + 4466 | 4697 | 4928 | 5159 | 5390 | 5621 | 231 | 22 | + 5060 | 5313 | 5566 | 5819 | 6072 | 6325 | 253 | 23 | + 5704 | 3980 | 6256 | 6532 | 6803 | 7084 | 276 | 24 | + 6400 | 6700 | 7000 | 7300 | 7600 | 7900 | 300 | 25 | + 7150 | 7475 | 7800 | 8125 | 8450 | 8775 | 325 | 26 | +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+ + +The number contained in a square pile is found in the column opposite +the number X. + +In a rectangular pile let the smaller side be 19 = X, the longer side +be 26 = X + N. Then N = 7. Under 7 and opposite 19 we have 3,800. This +table may be indefinitely extended by the aid of the columns of +differences. + + +PRESERVATION OF SHOT AND EMPTY SHELL. + +98. All round shot and shell are to be cleaned from rust and covered +with a thin lacquer of such composition as may be directed by the +Bureau when they are first received and when they are restowed. + +99. For the present the following colors are established when put on +board ship: All shot, black; shell, red; shrapnel, white; length of +fuze stencilled on the shell. Special kinds of shell, as may be +directed by Bureau. (Crane's shell, yellow; Pevey, blue.) + +100. Empty shell, whether in store or in transportation, shall be most +carefully protected from damp, and are to have the fuze-bouching +coated with such composition as may be directed, and be stopped by a +plug of very soft wood, well coated with a mixture of oil and tallow, +screwed into them. The ends of the plugs should not be sawed off even +with the shell, but left square and project sufficiently to allow them +to be unscrewed by means of a wrench, and whenever these plugs are +removed for the purpose of fitting the shells for service, they are +not to be thrown away but preserved for future use. + +They are to be piled with the fuze-holes down, and free from contact; +under cover when practicable, but with free ventilation. + +101. Platforms of masonry, or of condemned shot, are to be prepared to +pile shot and shell upon, and are not to be wider, if space can be +found than to stow fourteen 32-pdr. shot, or not exceeding eight feet +in width. Square piles are to be preferred where there is room, but +where this may be deficient, the piles may be extended in length. + +102. Shot and shell, after having been piled, are to be so far +examined in the first week of June in each year as to ascertain if +they require to be cleaned, relacquered, and repiled to secure their +proper preservation; and their condition reported to the Bureau, that +if any work upon them is necessary it may be finished during the warm +months of the year, when the lacquer can be best applied. + +103. Whenever shot or shell are to receive lacquer care must be taken +that the quantity applied does not increase the diameter more than is +indispensably necessary, and in no case above the established high +gauge. Old lacquer and rust should be removed by scraping, as far as +can be conveniently done before a new coating is applied. For use at +the Navy Yards, a milling machine performs this very expeditiously. +Neither hammering nor heating is to be resorted to for this purpose. + + NOTE.--After numerous experiments upon different lacquers employed + for the preservation of shot and shell from rust, the French have + abandoned all of them. + + The shot and shell are simply piled, under sheds when practicable, + or in the open air, and when put on board ship cleaned of rust and + rubbed over with whale oil--the same means adopted every three + months during the cruise. + + +PREPARATION OF SHELL FOR SERVICE. + +104. The fuzes for shell will be prepared at the Laboratory in the +Ordnance Yard at Washington, and distributed to other Navy Yards as +they may be required. All fuzes taken from shell, or returned from +ships which have been more than one year in service, are to be sent to +the laboratory to be refitted. Fuzes of over two years date of +manufacture, are not to be issued for service, but returned to the +laboratory. + +105. The charges of powder for spherical shell are to be as follows: + + |XV- |XI- |X- |IX- |8- |32- |BOAT AND FIELD + |INCH|INCH|INCH|INCH|INCH|PDR.|HOWITZERS. + | | | | | | +---------------- + | | | | | | |24-pdr.|12-pdr. +---------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+-------- + |Lbs.|Lbs.|Lbs.|Lbs.|Lbs.|Lbs.| Lbs. | Lbs. +Bursting or Service Charge |13 |6.00|4.00|3.00|1.85|0.90| 1.0 | 0.5 +Blowing Charge | 1.0|0.25|0.25|0.25|0.25|0.25| | +---------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+-------- + + NOTE.--The weight of charges for shells will vary slightly from + those given in the table according to the size of the grain and + density of the powder. + +106. All empty shell, whether in store or in transportation, shall be +most carefully protected from dampness, and their fuze-holes +invariably closed with wooden plugs. Whenever these plugs are removed +for the purpose of fitting the shells for service, they are not to be +thrown away, but preserved for future use. If by any accident the +shell should be damp in the interior, they are to be heated and dried, +on the grillage prepared for that purpose. + +107. The number of shell to be kept fitted at the Navy Yards will be +determined by special directions from the Bureau. + +In fitting shell to receive the bouching, great carelessness has been +observed. The hole should be tapped with a full thread, and the proper +shoulder left at the bottom to prevent the bouching from being driven +in by the shock of firing and causing premature explosion. + +108. All shell shall be filled with musket-powder of the highest +initial velocity. The shell must be filled, and the powder well shaken +down, leaving only room for the insertion of the fuze. A wooden plug +the size of the lower part of the fuze will always determine this. The +very common, but slovenly, practice of filling the shell, and then +pouring out a quantity sufficient to allow the fuze to be inserted, is +expressly prohibited. Shell have also been returned with the powder in +the vicinity of the fuze compressed into a solid mass, owing to the +fact that sufficient room had not been left for its insertion. No +shell shall be fuzed unless it has been filled. + +109. The date when shell are fuzed or filled, as well as that on which +any of these arrangements are changed, or the shell are examined +before issue to vessels, together with the initials of the officer +superintending these operations, should be legibly written and pasted +on the shell, or stencilled on the box. + +110. The Ordnance Officer, or the Gunner of the Yard, is to see the +shell supplied to all vessels properly conveyed on board, superintend +the stowage, and furnish the Commanding Officer with a statement +showing the number of each description of shell and fuze, and a plan +of their stowage. + +111. The condition of the shell, and especially of their fuzes, is to +be frequently and carefully examined into, taking out a fuze +occasionally so as to detect any injury which may arise from moisture, +and to have such as may be found damaged replaced by the spare fuzes. + +Boat shell and their spare fuzes are also to undergo a similar +examination. + +Shell have been sometimes returned with their fuzes entirely destroyed +by moisture!! + +112. It has been found recently, on drawing the charge of a 12-pounder +howitzer in one of the small gunboats, that in cutting its fuze +(Bormann) the incision had been made directly into the magazine. + +Had the gun been fired, the explosion of the shrapnell must have +occurred at the muzzle of the gun. + +There is no doubt such errors will often account for the supposed +defects of the fuze. + +The attention of officers is therefore required to this subject; and, +in making reports of defective ammunition, samples should be forwarded +to Washington for examination. + +It is of the gravest importance, not only because it involves the +failure of the shell to act properly upon the object of fire, but may +also endanger the lives of our own men. + +113. Whenever it is expedient or necessary to examine the fuzes and +loading of shell which have been already prepared, great care must be +observed in removing the fuze. It should never be done in the +shell-room. + +114. The fuze-stock may generally be safely unscrewed with the +fuze-wrench, taking care, in the first place, to strike the side of +the shell gently with a wooden mallet, to detach the powder from the +fuze, to work very slowly, and not to endeavor to overcome any unusual +resistance. + +115. Whenever it shall be necessary to load and fuze shell on board +ship--a properly secured place being first prepared, as directed by +the Captain, not in the shell-room and as far from the magazine as +convenient--the shell, being strapped and sabotted, are to be examined +to see that they are clean, both inside and out, and thoroughly dry. +The greatest care is to be taken to remove every particle of sand or +fragment of iron from the interior. The prescribed charge of powder is +next to be poured into them through a proper funnel; care is to be +taken that the end of the funnel passes below the screw-thread in the +tap or bouching, to prevent any grains of powder entering it; any +grains of it which may remain sticking to the thread of the bouching +are to be brushed away carefully, and then, after putting a light coat +of lacquer for small arms, or sperm oil, on this thread and on that of +the fuze, the latter is to be screwed in carefully with the +fuze-wrench. The lacquer should be of the consistency of cream, and +when from evaporation, it becomes too stiff, should be thinned by +adding more spirits of turpentine. + +116. In emptying shell they are to be handled carefully and placed on +a bench with a hole in it to receive and support the inverted shell. A +wooden vessel placed below will receive the powder. _The powder which +has been removed from shell shall only be used for filling shell, as +it always contains a small quantity of grit, which renders it unfit +for general service._ Should the powder have become caked, so as not +to be easily removed from the shell, it is to be drowned and removed +by washing out the shell. A handful of small iron shot put in the +shell will facilitate this operation. + +117. Loaded shell are to be painted red and placed in boxes or bags +marked with a red cross, which boxes are to have the lengths of fuze +painted on them in black. Shrapnel shell and the tops of their boxes +shall be painted white, with the length of fuze stencilled on them in +black. They are to be stowed in shell-houses prepared for that +purpose. Loaded shell, whether in or out of their boxes, must be +handled carefully. Shell-bags will be preserved, accounted for by the +Gunner, and returned. + +118. The greatest precaution must be taken in handling loaded shells +fitted with percussion-fuzes. When returned from ships they must not +be taken into the shell-houses until after the fuzes shall have been +removed and the shell plugged. + +119. Shell-houses, and the general condition of the shell they +contain, are to be examined as often as once a fortnight by the +Ordnance Officer, and every precaution taken to keep them as dry as +possible. + +120. The shell for boat guns are to be stowed in "the shell-houses" on +shore, and "shell-rooms" on board of vessels, in their proper boxes. + +121. One-fourth of the whole number of spare fuzes allowed for the +great guns is to be for 5 seconds of time; one-fourth for 10 seconds; +one-fourth for 15 seconds; one-fourth assorted of 3, 5, 7, and 20 +seconds. + +122. All the spherical shell, however, put on board ship, filled and +fitted for immediate use, are to be provided with none other than the +5-second fuze. No fuze is, under any circumstances, to be put in shell +which are not filled. + +123. For rifled cannon the shell shall be fitted with one-half +percussion, one-half time fuze. Parrott's shell will have bouching, or +"adapting" rings for the naval time fuze. The new form of adapter, +with a shoulder and washer beneath it, shall alone be used. + +124. At ranges exceeding 1,400 yards the 10 or 15-second fuzes, +according to such excess, are to be substituted for the 5-second fuze, +by removing one and putting in the other; or, if preferred, those +fuzes may be applied to shell which are not already fitted. The +5-second fuze is to be regarded as the general working fuze, and hence +the reason the filled shell are to be fitted with it, as mentioned +above. (See TABLE OF RANGES for proper lengths of fuze for all +distances.) + +125. The different kinds of fuzes shall be made up in separate +packages, distinctly marked with the kind and length of fuze, and +their use carefully explained to the Executive Officer and Gunner by +the Inspector of Ordnance. + +126. In consequence of numerous reports received from vessels in +service of the inefficiency of certain fuzes, commanders of vessels +are required to observe carefully the action and result of all fuzes, +and report in detail to the Bureau of Ordnance whenever opportunities +may occur, particularly specifying the number and kind fired, +elevation of gun, range, premature explosions, failures to explode, +and satisfactory action. Also, whether the fire was direct or +ricochet. + +127. EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS, IN INCHES, FOR SHELL-BOXES. + + For XV-inch shell, 18 x 18 by 20 high. + For XI-inch shell, 12.75 x 12.75 by 14.5 high. + For X-inch shell, 11.65 x 11.65 by 13.9 high. + For IX-inch shell, 10.63 x 10.63 by 12.9 high. + For 8-inch shell, 10.20 x 10.10 by 12.2 high. + For 32-pounder shell, 8.60 x 8.50 by 10.2 high. + +128. AREAS OCCUPIED BY ONE TIER OF SHELL-BOXES. + + XI-INCH. | X-INCH. | IX-INCH. | 8-INCH. | 32-POUNDER. +---+------------+---+-----------+---+------------+---+--------+---+-------- +No.|Ft. In.|No.|Ft. In.|No.|Ft. In.|No.|Ft. In.|No.|Ft. In. +---+------------+---+-----------+---+------------+---+--------+---+-------- +72 | 15.5-1/2 x | 75| 15.2 x |102| 15.8-1/4 x |108| 16 x 6 |176| 16 x 6 + | 5.8-1/2 | | 5.3-1/2 | | 5.9-1/4 | | | | +52 | 14.4 x | 56| 14.2 x | 80| 14.9-1/4 x | 85| 15 x 5 |140| 15 x 5 + | 4.6-1/2 | | 4.1-1/2 | | 4.9-1/2 | | | | +---+------------+---+-----------+---+------------+---+--------+---+-------- + + +GUNPOWDER. + +STOWAGE, PRESERVATION, HANDLING, AND CHARGES. + +129. The Bureau having adopted a new system of granulating Navy +powder, the different classes will in future be known and designated +as RIFLE, CANNON, and MUSKET. + +Gunpowder intended for ordinary use in cannon is to have sufficient +strength to give a 6-pounder shot the under-mentioned Initial +Velocities, determinable by the gun-pendulum of the Ordnance Yard at +Washington. + +130. The size of the grains is determined by sieves, made by piercing +round holes in thin plates of brass. These sieves are five in number, +the holes being of the following diameters, viz.: + + No. 1, .3 of an inch } Initial Velocity required, + No. 2, .15 do. } 1450 feet + 50 - 50, for Rifle. + + No. 2, .15 do. } Initial Velocity required, + No. 3, .10 do. } 1500 feet + 50 - 50, for Cannon. + + No. 4, .06 do. } Initial Velocity required, + No. 5, .02 do. } 1550 feet + 50 - 50, for Musket. + +Rifle powder is used in the Parrott rifles of 8-inch, 100-pounder, and +60-pounder. Navy cannon powder in all other rifles and all +smooth-bores. + +131. Size of the grain is required to conform to the following: + + Pass through No. 1 } + Remain on No. 2 } all Rifle. + Pass through No. 2 } + Remain on No. 3 } all Cannon. + Pass through No. 4 } + Remain on No. 5 } all Musket. + +Ten per cent. variation tolerated. + +132. GRAVIMETRIC DENSITY, is the weight of a given measured quantity: +it is usually expressed by the weight of a cubic foot in ounces. + +This cannot be relied on for the true density, as the size and shape +of the grain may make the denser powder seem the lighter. + +Cannon powder should have a gravimetric density of about 875 oz., and +not exceeding 900 oz., to the cubic foot. (It actually varies with +different makers from 875 to 975.) + +133. SPECIFIC GRAVITY.--The specific gravity of gunpowder is between +1.70 and 1.75. + +All the powder of any lot being made of the same mill-cake, the +specific gravities are equal although the gravimetric densities may +vary. + +134. Powder for small arms, or musket powder, should all pass through +No. 4, none through No. 5, and average from 2,000 to 2,500 kernels in +tea grains Troy. + +All powder should be well glazed; for small arms more highly than for +cannon. + +135. The system of granulation adopted by the Army differs from that +of the Navy, as follows: + + ALL THROUGH-- ALL ON-- +Mammoth 0.9 in. 0.6 in. +Cannon 0.35 0.25 +Mortar 0.10 0.06 +Musket 0.06 0.03 + +It will be seen by this Table that under the Army nomenclature, Navy +Rifle nearly corresponds to Army Cannon; that the Army Mortar is the +nearest equivalent to Navy Cannon, but with much more fine grain, as +it is what passes through the cannon-sieve, but remains on the +musket-sieve; and that the Navy Musket has the same size for the +larger grain, but contains more small grain than the Army. + +In exchanging powder with the Army, it is necessary to attend to these +distinctions. + +136. Powder-houses or magazines on shore are to be inspected by the +Ordnance Officers at least once in every week, and every precaution +taken to guard them against danger of explosion, and to preserve the +powder dry and in good condition. + +137. Powder-barrels in magazines, where there are no racks, should be +placed on their sides, with their marked ends towards the alleys, +three tiers high, or four tiers, if necessary, with small skids on the +floor and between the several tiers of barrels, using chocks at +intervals on the lower skids to prevent the barrels from rolling. If +it can be avoided, fixed ammunition should not be put in the same +magazine with powder in barrels. + +138. If it is necessary to pile the barrels more than four tiers high, +the upper tiers should be supported by a frame resting on the floor; +or the barrels may be placed on their heads, with boards between the +tiers. + +There should be an unencumbered space of 6 or 8 feet square at the +doors of the magazine. + +139. Whenever practicable, the barrels should be arranged in double +rows, with a passage-way between the rows, so that the marks on each +barrel may be seen at a glance, and any barrel easily reached. + +140. Besides being recorded in the magazine-book, each lot of powder +should be inscribed on a ticket attached to the lot showing the +entries and the issues. + +141. Magazines should be opened and aired in clear, dry weather, the +ventilators kept free, and no shrubbery or trees allowed to grow so +near as to shade the building from the sun. + +142. The moisture of a magazine may be absorbed by chloride of lime, +or charcoal, suspended in an open box under the arch, and renewed from +time to time. The use of quicklime is dangerous, and forbidden. + +143. When powder is handled in powder-houses on shore, either for the +purpose of inspection or preparation for delivery to ships, the +baize-cloth is to be spread, and the people, before entering the +magazine, must divest themselves of every metal implement, empty their +pockets, that nothing likely to produce fire may escape detection, and +put on the magazine dresses and slippers. The barrels must be opened +only on the floor-cloth, and no metallic setter used in driving either +copper or wooden hoops. + +Powder-barrels should never be opened except when required for use, as +grains of powder falling between the staves would prevent their being +tightened. Samples must be taken from the bung. + +144. The attention of the Inspectors of Ordnance and Commanders of +vessels is called to the Regulations regarding the stowage and service +of powder and loaded shells in Magazines and Shell-rooms, ashore and +afloat, and to the precautions which must be observed by every one who +enters, or approaches for the purpose of entering, any Magazine or +Shell-room. + +The former Regulations are modified so far as to dispense entirely +with the use of slippers made of either India-rubber or woollen; and +in lieu thereof, slippers made wholly of buckskin or cotton canvas +will be used in future. In hot climates, or in warm weather generally, +the naked feet are preferred. + +The terrible effect of the explosion of a Magazine or Shell-room, +ashore or on board ship, can only be imagined. To avert it, by every +human precaution, is an imperative duty with every one. The Bureau +therefore directs that the Inspectors of Ordnance on shore and the +Commanders of all vessels afloat will cause the existing Powder +Regulations to be read, and copies placed within the reach of every +officer and man connected in the remotest degree with the service of +the Magazine and Shell-rooms; and no officer or other person is to be +continued in such service who cannot within a reasonable time answer +clearly and fully any questions relating to the requirements of +existing Powder Regulations as contained in these "Ordnance +Instructions." + +145. The powder in barrels should be turned from time to time, at +least as often as every three months, and, being arranged as mentioned +above, the oldest powder will be at all times accessible for first +delivery without disturbing that of more recent manufacture. + +146. When powder is sent on board any vessel at the Yard, an Ordnance +Officer or the Gunner is to see it properly stowed, and the Ordnance +Officer is to hand to the Captain of the vessel a statement showing +the quantity of powder, number and capacity of tanks, kind of charges +contained in each, with the initial velocity, maker, and date of +reception, with a list of small-arm and boat ammunition, fireworks, +filled and other shells and projectiles, together with all the +information directed by the three articles immediately following, with +such remarks as he may deem proper to secure better precaution or more +convenient arrangement, with a request that the memorandum, or a copy +of it, may be delivered to the Ordnance Officer at the Yard where the +vessel is refitted or laid up at the end of the cruise. + +147. When cartridges are filled for issue to any vessel, the powder +should be selected, as far as practicable, from deliveries made by the +same person, and at the same time or date; and the tanks in which they +are stowed must be marked with white paint on the upper sides, with +the same marks as the barrels from which the powder was taken, giving +the date of manufacture and the maker's name. + +148. Great irregularities having been observed in the weights of +cartridges supplied from different stations, it is ordered that at +least ten measures shall be weighed at each filling, and allowance +made for different densities. (See Art. 171.) + +149. Whenever powder is returned into the powder-houses from vessels, +and the powder emptied from the cartridges, care must be taken to have +the barrels or other vessels in which the powder may be placed marked +in the same manner and registered in the Magazine Ledger, so that the +maker's name and date of manufacture of all powder may be correctly +known and carefully preserved for reference. + +150. The names of vessels from which powder is received, the length of +time which the powder has been on board, and the station on which the +vessel has been employed, should also be noted and reported by the +Ordnance Officer, that reference may be had to the notes in case it +should be desired in subsequent examinations of the powder. + +151. In some instances where powder has been condemned by survey, it +has been directed to be thrown overboard. This should never be done; +the nitre contained, which forms three-fourths (3/4) of the powder, is +still perfectly good, and can be made serviceable. In future, +condemned powder is always to be returned to the United States. + +152. The Ordnance Officers, when they supply vessels with powder, or +remove any from them, must report to the Bureau by the earliest +opportunity all the information which is required to be noted by +Articles 147, 149, 150, immediately preceding; and when powder is +received from vessels returning from cruises, or after it has been +long embarked, they are to forward to the Ordnance Yard, Washington, a +sample of two pounds and one-fourth, properly labelled, for every five +hundred pounds landed, selected so as to show fair average samples of +the whole, in order that its strength may be ascertained by the +pendulum. + +153. In case of necessity, powder for saluting may be purchased abroad +in order to preserve a supply of our own proof powder for battle. + +154. When a vessel is about to leave a foreign station and return +directly to the United States, and other vessels belonging to the Navy +are left on the station without a full supply of powder, the vessel +which is about to leave may be directed to transfer to those remaining +on the station any excess of powder that may be on board beyond fifty +rounds. + +155. Should it become necessary to use powder for service charges +which has not been regularly inspected and proved in the manner +required by regulations, such tests of it must be made as +circumstances will admit. + +The ranges given by it may be compared with those of service powder of +known good quality under the same circumstances. If deficient in +strength, the quantity of the charges should be increased until the +ranges are equalized, in order that the sight-bars may still indicate +the proper elevations for each charge and distance. + +156. It is directed that vessels of war shall always receive their +powder and loaded shells in the stream; unless, upon some great +emergency, the nature of which shall be reported to the Bureau, it is +deemed essential to put them on board at the Navy Yard. + +157. When receiving or landing powder, the red flag is to be always +hoisted at the fore, and all proper precautions taken to guard against +accidents from fires and lights. The tanks should be passed through +the ports most convenient to the magazines, and landed on mats, to +prevent injury. + +The red flag is always to be hoisted at the powder-houses when they +are opened, and kept flying until they are closed. + +158. When avoidable, gunpowder is not to be sent from vessels to +powder-houses, nor from powder-houses to vessels, in wet weather, nor +when there is a probability of wetting the barrels or cases; and the +packages must be conveyed in covered boats or wagons showing a red +flag. + +159. The wharf or landing-place must be spread with old canvas, so +that the barrels or cases may not come in contact with and convey sand +or gravel to the powder-house. The barrels must not be rolled, but +carried in slings to the trucks running on tramways of either wood or +bronze, into the magazine. + +160. The service charges for the different calibres and classes of +naval smooth-bore guns now used in the Navy are as follows, and the +cartridges are to be filled accordingly, viz.: + +SERVICE CHARGES FOR NAVAL GUNS. + +KEY: + +A: For distant firing, 0.1 +B: For ordinary firing, 0.6 +C: For near firing or two projectiles, 0.3 +D: DIAMETER OF CARTRIDGE-GAUGE. +E: SALUTING CHARGES, NO. 50. + + | CHARGES OF NAVY | | + ORDNANCE. | POWDER. | | +-----------------------------------+-----+-----+-------+ D | E +Calibre. | Weight. | A | B | C | | +----------------------+------------+-----+-----+-------+--------------+----- + | lbs. | lbs.| lbs.| lbs. | Cylindrical. |lbs. +X-inch or 130-pounder | 16,000 lbs.| 30. | 18. | 15. | 9.00 inches. | 6. +64-pounder | 106 cwt. | 16. | 12. | 8. | 7.00 inches. | 4. +32-pounder | 61 cwt. | 10. | 8. | 6. | 5.50 inches. | 4. +32 do. | 57 cwt. | 9. | 8. | 6. | 5.50 inches. | 4. +32 do. | 51 cwt. | 8. | 7. | 5. | 5.50 inches. | 4. +32 do. | 46 cwt. | 7 | 7. | 5. | 5.50 inches. | 4. +32 do. | 42 cwt. | 6. | 6. | 4. | 5.50 inches. | 4. +32 do. | 33 cwt. | 4.5| 4.5| 4. | 5.50 inches. | 4. +32 do. | 27 cwt. | 4. | 4. | 3. | 5.50 inches. | 3. + | | | | | | + Shell-guns | | | | For | Conical. | + | | | | near | | + | | | |firing.| | +XV-inch | 42,000 lbs.| 50. | 35. | 35. | | +XI-inch | 15,700 lbs.| 20. | 15. | 15. |11 x 5.5 x 11 | 7. +X-inch | 12,000 lbs.| 15. | 12.5| 12.5 |10 x 5. x 10 | 6. +IX-inch | 9,000 lbs.| 13. | 10. | 10. | 9 x 4.5 x 9 | 5. +8-inch | 6,500 lbs.| 7. | 7. | 7. | 8 x 5. x 8 | 4. +32-pounder | 4,500 lbs.| 6. | 6. | 6. | | + | | | | | | + | | | | | Cylindrical. | +8-inch | 63 cwt. | 9. | 8. | 6. | 5.50 | 4. +8-inch | 55 cwt. | 7. | 7. | 6. | 5.50 | 4. +----------------------+------------+-----+-----+-------+--------------+----- + + N.B.--Two projectiles are not to be fired from any gun at the same + time, except at objects within 200 yards' distance, and only when + the advantages at the moment may be deemed by the Captain + sufficient to justify the risk of injuring the guns and their + equipments by the extra strain to which they will be exposed. + + With the 15-inch guns at close quarters against iron-clads, 60 lbs. + and a solid shot _may_ be used for 20 rounds. So also with the + 11-inch, 30 lbs. and a solid shot. With all the other guns, under + like circumstances, and where penetration is desired, the _distant_ + firing charges should be substituted for the _near_ firing. + +Of the service charges, one-tenth shall be for distant firing, +six-tenths for ordinary firing, three-tenths for near firing, or for +two projectiles. Saluting charges to be of under-proof powder. + +The calibre and class of guns for which the cartridges are intended +must be distinctly marked near the top of the lid end of the tanks. + +161. TABLE OF CHARGES FOR NAVY RIFLE GUNS. + +----------+------------------------------+-------------------------------- + | ORDNANCE. | CHARGE OF POWDER. + +------------------------------+-------------------------------- + GUN. | | | | | |Diameter of + | Calibre.| Diameter | Weight. | Weight. | Kind. | Cartridge- + | | of Bore. | | | | Gauge. +----------+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+------------ + | Pounder.| Inches. | Lbs. | Lbs. | | Inches. + Parrott | 100 | 6.40 | 9,700 | 8. | Rifle. | 5.50 + Do. | 60 | 5.30 | 5,400 | 6. | Rifle. | 4.60 + Do. | 30 | 4.20 | 3,550 | 3.25 | Cannon. | 3.70 + Do. | 20 | 3.67 | 1,750 | 2. | Cannon. | 3.25 + Dahlgren | 20 | 4.00 | 1,340 | 2. | Cannon. | + Do. | 12 | 3.40 | 880 | 1. | Cannon. | +----------+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+------------ + +162. POWDER-TANKS. + +------------+---------------------------+----------------+--------------- + | EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS. | | + +---------------------------+ | + CAPACITY OF| Height | | | APPROXIMATE + TANK FOR |in inches| | WEIGHT, WHEN | WEIGHT, WHEN + POWDER IN |including| | EMPTY. | FILLED WITH + GRAIN. | Lid and | Sides in inches.| | CYLINDERS. + | Handle. | | | +------------+---------+-----------------+----------------+--------------- + 200 pounds | 22-1/4 | 16-1/2 x 16-1/2 | 67-1/2 pounds. |218 Pounds. + 150 pounds | 22-1/8 | 15 x 15 | 59-1/2 pounds. |170 to 180 lbs. + 100 pounds | 20-1/2 | 13 x 13 | | + 50 pounds | 16-3/4 | 10-1/4 x 10-1/4 | | +------------+---------+-----------------+----------------+--------------- + +163. ACCOMMODATION AFFORDED BY POWDER-TANKS OF DIFFERENT SIZES FOR +CARTRIDGES OF VARIOUS KINDS WHEN CLOSELY PACKED. + +-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ + CAPACITY OF | | + TANK FOR POWDER | WILL STOW CARTRIDGES AS FOLLOWS: | + IN GRAIN. | | +-----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + DENOMINATION. | lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| + | 20 | 16 | 15 | 12.5| 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | +-----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + 200 pounds. | 9 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 25 | 30 | + 150 pounds. | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 24 | + 100 pounds. | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 16 | + 50 pounds. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | + Powder-barrel. | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 15 | +-----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +-----------------+-----------------------------------------------+ + CAPACITY OF | | + TANK FOR POWDER | WILL STOW CARTRIDGES AS FOLLOWS: | + IN GRAIN. | | +-----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + DENOMINATION. | lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| + | 5 | 4.5 | 4 | 3.25| 3 | 2 | 1.85| 1 | +-----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + 200 pounds. | 36 | 40 | 45 | 52 | 60 | 95 | 100 | 190 | + 150 pounds. | 27 | 30 | 36 | 40 | 45 | 71 | 72 | 145 | + 100 pounds. | 18 | 20 | 24 | 27 | 31 | 46 | 48 | 95 | + 50 pounds. | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 21 | 23 | 46 | + Powder-barrel. | -- | -- | 26 | -- | 35 | 52 | 55 | 108 | +-----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +FIXED AMMUNITION FOR BOAT GUNS AND SMALL ARMS. + +164. The charges for "boat and field howitzers" are-- + + lbs. + For the 24-pounder of 1,310 lbs. 2.00 + For the medium 12-pounder of 760 lbs. 1.00 + For the light 12-pounder of 430 lbs. 0.625 + +165. DIMENSIONS OF BOXES FOR BOAT AMMUNITION. + +PROJECTILES WITH CHARGE OF POWDER FOR HOWITZER ATTACHED, NOT TO BE +STOWED IN THE MAGAZINE. + +-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+ + CALIBRE | KIND OF |NUMBER OF | DIMENSION OF | WEIGHT, IN | + OF BOAT |PROJECTILE.|PROJECTILES| BOXES, IN | POUNDS. | + HOWITZER. | | BOX | INCHES. |--------------| + | | CONTAINS. | |Empty.|Filled.| +-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+------+-------+ +24-Pdr. | Shrapnel | 9 |22 x 20.75 | | | + | | | by 13.75 high |35-1/3|270-1/2| +24-Pdr. | Canister | 9 |22 x 20.75 | | | + | | | by 13.50 high |36-1/3|217-5/6| +12-pdr. heavy| Shrapnel | 9 |18.75 x 17.75 | | | + | | | by 11.13 high |22-7/8|140-1/2| +12-pdr. heavy| Canister | 9 |18.75 x 17.75 | | | + | | | by 12.25 high |25-1/2|114-3/4| +-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+------+-------+ + +166. The cartridges for small arms are to contain the following +quantities of powder: + +For muskets 70 grains, Troy. +For muskets (marine) 60 grains, Troy. +For pistols 30 grains, Troy. +For revolvers 18 grains, Troy. + +The ball-cartridges for rifles and rifled muskets are to be made with +a single Minie ball. + +167. EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS AND CONTENTS OF BOXES + +FOR SMALL-ARM AMMUNITION AND FIREWORKS. + +------------------------+--------------------------+----------+------------ + | EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS. | | + ARTICLES. +--------+--------+--------+ EACH BOX | REMARKS. + | Length.| Width. | Depth. | CONTAINS | +------------------------+--------+--------+--------+----------+------------ + | Inches.| Inches.| Inches.| | +Musket-ball cartridges | 12-1/2 | 8-1/4 | 8-1/4 | 500 | +Musket blank cartridges | 9-5/8 | 7-3/4 | 8-1/2 | 500 | +Carbine rifle-ball | | | | | + cartridges | 14-1/2 | 9-1/4 | 7-3/8 | 1000 | +Pistol-ball cartridges | 13-3/4 | 6-3/4 | 7-1/4 | 1000 | +Blue-lights | 20-1/2 | 13 | 6-7/8 | 30 | +False lights | 20-1/2 | 13 | 6-7/8 | 30 | +Port-fires | 19-3/4 | 10-1/4 | 10-1/4 | 100 |First size. +Port-fires | 19-3/4 | 10-1/4 | 6-1/4 | 50 |Second size. +Signal rockets | 15-1/4 | 9-1/2 | 8-1/4 | 30 | +Percussion-caps | 11-3/4 | 9-1/4 | 7-3/8 | 6300 | +------------------------+--------+--------+--------+----------+------------ + +N.B.--There is a variation in the dimensions of the above boxes, as +made, of 1/3 of an inch, on an average, in their exteriors. + +168. Percussion-caps and bullets for small arms will be supplied from +the Ordnance Yard at Washington. + +169. The boxes in which cartridges for small arms, caps, primers, +etc., are packed for distribution to vessels, are to be marked with +the number they contain, and the kind of arm for which they are +intended. At the expiration of the cruise they must be carefully +returned into store, and the Gunner will be held peculiarly +responsible for their loss. + +170. Standard powder-measures for filling cartridges for great guns +will be made at the Ordnance Yard, Washington, and distributed as they +may be required for the use of vessels and shore magazines. As the +gravimetric density of powder varies from 860 to 940, the weight of +the contents of ten measures should be ascertained for each lot, and +allowance made accordingly before filling the cartridges. + +171. In taking the weights, the powder is to be scooped up from the +filling-chest with the measure until it is heaped, tapped twice +moderately on the sides with the palms of the hands, and then struck +with a wooden straight-edge. If the weight differs materially from +that marked on the measure, a small compensating measure should be +used to supply the deficiency or remove the excess. + +CANNON-PRIMERS. + +172. These are of two kinds, percussion and friction. Each +percussion-primer is composed of a quill tube capped by an explosive +wafer. The quills used for this purpose are first inspected by passing +them through a gauge rather smaller than the vent. + +The tube is filled with fine-grained powder. + +The wafer is composed of a cap of cartridge-paper, enclosing a layer +of fulminate of mercury combined with a small quantity of mealed +powder. When pressed and perfectly dry, the wafer is coated with +uncolored shellac, to preserve it from dampness. + +173. Primers are to be kept in tin boxes containing fifty each, the +lids of which are luted with shellac to exclude moisture until wanted +for immediate use. These boxes are intended to fit in and form a +lining to the primer-boxes which slip on the waist-belts worn by +Captains of guns. For purposes of exercise no more of these boxes +should be opened than are required; but for action a full box should +be delivered to each Captain and 2d Captain of a gun. + +174. A friction-primer consists of a tube charged with gunpowder, to +the top of which is fastened a spur containing friction-powder, which +is exploded by means of a slider pulled out by a lanyard. It is +intended for use in case the lock should be out of order, or the other +primers fail from any unforeseen cause. Friction-primers are packed in +tin boxes in the same manner as percussion-primers. They are obtained +from the Army as required. + +175. Filled boxes of primers are kept in close laboratory cases, for +which stowage must be provided in the general store-room of the ship, +or other safe place.[1] They are on no account to be placed in the +magazine, and the boxes must be so labelled before being put on board +ship. + +176. When primers have been returned from cruising ships, or have +remained in store for one or more years, they must be tested by firing +five per cent. of the number, and not issued again without special +orders. + +177. Damaged fuzes, primers, caps, and tubes, are always to be +returned to the Ordnance Yard at Washington, in the condition in which +they were received on the return of the ship. + +178. The boxes containing metallic cartridges for breech-loading arms +require the same care as percussion-caps, and are to be labelled, "On +no account to be placed in the magazine." + +179. PERCUSSION-CAPS for muskets, carbines, and pistols are made in +the laboratory at the Washington Navy Yard. They are put up in small +packages of water-proof paper, labelled with the number contained in +the package and the date of fabrication, and stowed in tin cases +containing 350 caps each. + +180. Laboratory boxes, in which these are packed, are of the following +dimensions: 11-3/4 x 9-1/4 x 7-3/8 inches, and will contain 6,300 +percussion-caps each. These boxes are to be labelled, "On no account +to be placed in the magazine." Stowage is provided for them in the +general store-room. + + +CARTRIDGE-BAGS. + +181. The material of which cartridge-bags are made is woven expressly +for the purpose, and furnished by the Bureau of Ordnance as required. +The color is white, and the calibre of the gun and the weight of the +charge must be stencilled on the bag in figures two and a half (2-1/2) +inches long. When procured of necessity elsewhere, the stuff should be +chosen of wool, entirely free from any mixture of thread or cotton, +and of sufficiently close texture to prevent the finer particles of +powder from sifting through. Wildbore, rattinet, merino, and +bombazette are named as proper materials for cartridge-bags; of these +the thinnest stuff, not twilled, but having the requisite strength and +closeness of texture, is the best. + +182. MAKING CARTRIDGE-BAGS.--Cartridge-bags for cylindrical chambers +are made of a rectangle to form the cylinder, and a circular piece to +form the bottom. The flat patterns, by which the cartridge-bags for +the 8-inch and 32-pounder guns are cut, are, consequently, to be made +rectangular for the cylindrical part of the bag, and circular for the +bottom. The length of the rectangle is equal to the development of +the cylinder, together with the allowance for seam; and its width, to +the whole length of the bag before sewing, including the allowance for +seam and tie. + +Special patterns are furnished for those of XV-in., XI-in., X-in., +IX-in., 8-inch of 6,500 lbs., and 32-pounder of 4,500 lbs. shell-guns, +all of which have gomer chambers. + +183. DIMENSIONS OF FLAT PATTERNS FOR CUTTING OUT CARTRIDGE-BAGS. + +TO BE MADE OF PINE FOR THE 8-INCH AND 32-PDR. GUNS, AND OF METAL +PLATES FOR THE "GOMER" CHAMBERS OF OTHER GUNS.[2] + +------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+ + | 10-INCH, | 64-PDR. GUN | + DIMENSIONS. | OR | OF 106 CWT. | + | 130-POUNDER. | 8-IN. RIFLE. | +------------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+ +Charges lbs.| 30 | 18 | 15 | 16 | 12 | 8 | +Width of rectangle | | | | | | | + (length of bag cut), | | | | | | | + including tie and | | | | | | | + four-tenths of an inch | | | | | | | + for seam. in.| 20 | 15.2| 14 | 18.7| 15.7| 12.7| + | ------^-------|--------^------- | + | Inches. | Inches. | +Length of rectangle | | | + (cylinder developed), | | | + including eight-tenths | | | + of an inch for seam. | 29.01 | 23.80 | +Radius of circular pattern | | | + of bottom, including | | | + four-tenths of an inch | | | + for seam. | 4.9 | 3.60 | +Diameters of cylindrical | | | + formers for inspection | | | + of cartridge-bags. | 9.00 | 7.00 | +Additional length for | | | + one pound of powder. | 0.40 | 0.80 | +------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------------- + | 100-POUNDER RIFLE, 32-POUNDER GUN, + DIMENSIONS. | AND 8-INCH SHELL-GUNS, HAVING + | CHAMBERS OF 32-POUNDER CALIBRE. +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +Charges lbs.| 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4.5| 4 |3 +Width of rectangle | | | | | | | | | + (length of bag cut), | | | | | | | | | + including tie and | | | | | | | | | + four-tenths of an inch | | | | | | | | | + for seam. in.|16.6|14.6|18.0|12.6|11.6|10.6|10.1| 9.6|8.6 + | ------------------^----------------------- + | Inches. +Length of rectangle | + (cylinder developed), | + including eight-tenths | + of an inch for seam. | 18.10 +Radius of circular pattern | + of bottom, including | + four-tenths of an inch | + for seam. | 2.95 +Diameters of cylindrical | + formers for inspection | + of cartridge-bags. | 5.50 +Additional length for | + one pound of powder. | 1.22 +------------------------------+-------------------------------------------- + +184. DETAILS OF CARTRIDGE-BAGS. + +SHELL-GUNS WITH CONICAL CHAMBERS. + +---------------------------------+-----------------+-----------+----------+ + | | | | + CALIBRE OF GUN. | XV-IN. | XI-IN. | X-IN. | +---------------------------------+-----------------+-----------+----------+ +Charge of powder. lbs.| 35. | 50. | 60. |20. |15. |15. |12.5 | +Diameter of cartridge. | | | | | | | | + large end. | 13.5| 13.5|13.5 | 9.85| 9.85| 9. | 9. | + small end. | - | - | - | 5.50| 5.50| 5. | 5. | +Width of stuff required to | | | | | | | | + cut bag. in.| 24. | 28. |30. |22. |20. |20. |20. | +Whole length of bag cut, | | | | | | | | + including tie and seam. | 21.5| 25.5|27.5 |10. |17.5 |18.5|17.75| +Length of filled cartridge. in.| 12. | 15.5|18. |12. |10.5 |10. | 9. | +Additional length for one | | | | | | | | + pound of powder. in.| | | | | | | | +Quantity of stuff required | | | | | | | | + to cut one hundred bags. yds.|122. |122. |122. |92. |92. |86. |86. | +---------------------------------+-----------------+-----------+----------+ + +---------------------------------+---------------+----------+-----------+ + | | 8-IN. OF | 32-PR. OF | + CALIBRE OF GUN. | IX-IN. | 6500. | 4500. | +---------------------------------+-------+-------+----------+-----------+ +Charge of powder. lbs.| 13. | 10. | 7. | 6. | +Diameter of cartridge. | | | | | + large end. | 8.13 | 8.13 | 7.25 | 6. | + small end. | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4. | 8.5 | +Width of stuff required to | | | | | + cut bag. in.| 18. | 18. | 24. | 22. | +Whole length of bag cut, | | | | | + including tie and seam. | 16.5 | 15.5 | 12.0 | 11.0 | +Length of filled cartridge. in.| 11.5 | 10.5 | 7.5 | 9.5 | +Additional length for one | | | | | + pound of powder. in.| | | | | +Quantity of stuff required | | | | | + to cut one hundred bags. yds.| 78. | 78. | 30. | 30. | +---------------------------------+-------+-------+----------+-----------+ + +In cutting, the length of the rectangle should be taken in the +direction of the length of the stuff, as it does not stretch in that +direction, and the material should be chosen, as nearly as possible, +of the width required for the length of the bags, to save waste in +cutting. + +The bags are to be sewed with worsted yarn, with not less than eight +stitches to an inch; they must be stitched within four-tenths of an +inch of each edge, and the two edges of the seam felled down upon the +same side, to prevent the powder from sifting through. The edges of +the bottom are felled down upon the sides. + +The bags, when filled, must be tied with woollen thrums. + +185. CARTRIDGE-BAGS FOR SALUTING CHARGES.--Old cartridge-bags which +have been condemned for service charges are to be repaired and used +for saluting charges; and whenever it is necessary to make bags +expressly for the purpose, or for immediate use, they may be formed by +sewing together two rectangular pieces with semicircular ends. + +186. INSPECTION.--The material especially procured for cartridge-bags +is to be carefully inspected to detect any mixture of cotton with the +wool, by burning a few bits taken at hazard from each piece; or, by +dissolving it in a solution of 1 ounce of caustic potassa in a pint of +water--the cloth to be put in when the water is boiling, which is to +continue until dissolution takes place. The texture of the stuff is +also to be examined and its strength tried, such standard for the +latter being established as may be found sufficient to insure perfect +efficiency. + +After being made up, the empty bags are to be inspected, and those +which are sewed with too long stitches, or in any other than the +prescribed manner, must be rejected. The dimensions of each bag are to +be verified, first by laying it flattened out, between two marks on a +table showing the width of a pattern bag. A variation of 0.1 inch +greater or less is allowed. The bags are also to be tried on mandrels, +or formers, made according to the dimensions given on the preceding +page. + +187. PRESERVATION FROM MOTHS.--Serge or any other woollen material +employed for making cartridge-bags is never to be exposed on the +shelves in store, either in the piece or when made up. It is to be +protected by packing with the hydraulic press, by sewing it up in +linen cloth, or by enveloping it in water-proof paper, hermetically +sealed. + +An infusion of coloquintida, in the proportion of 15-1/2 grains Troy +to a quart of water, is said to be a good preservative against moths. +In case of using this preparation, the cartridge-bags should be +steeped in the infusion, and, after being thoroughly dried, may be +packed by the hydraulic press, and headed up in old whiskey barrels, +if stored on shore, or packed in empty tanks, if on board ship. + +Cartridge-bags, as well as the material for making them, must be +frequently examined, to prevent their being damaged by moisture, as +well as to guard against moths. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] Primers and percussion-caps should be divided into two or three lots, +and stowed in different parts of the ship, so that an accidental explosion +would not deprive the ship of the means of firing cannon and small arms. + +[2] The dimensions of those for the XV, IX, X, and XI inch guns, which +have Corner chambers, and cannot be conveniently tabulated, will be +furnished to all vessels mounting such guns. The formers for inspection of +bags will have the forms and dimensions of the Gomer chambers less 0.87 +inch for the IX-inch, 1.0 inch for the X-inch, 1.15 inch for the XI-inch, +and 1.50 inch for XV-inch guns, for windage at the large end, in +accordance with the flat patterns furnished for cutting. + + + + +CHAPTER II. + +MAGAZINES AND SHELL-ROOMS. + + +CONSTRUCTION, LIGHTING, STOWING, AND FLOODING. + +188. No details of internal arrangement should be more carefully +considered and executed than those relating to the stowage and +delivery of powder, since a defect in these particulars, apparently +insignificant, may lead to the instantaneous destruction of the ship; +or, with the incendiary and explosive projectiles now used, to her +becoming, comparatively, an easy prey to an antagonist. Every possible +precaution, therefore, is to be taken to accommodate the full +allowance of powder completely; to guard it to the utmost against +injury and accidental explosion; and to deliver it at the magazine, as +required, with facility and certainty. To these ends, and in view of +the fact that all the powder for great guns is now put up in cubical +copper tanks, made water-tight, THE FORM OF MAGAZINES should be as +nearly rectangular as the shape of the vessel will admit, and they +should be built strong enough to resist sufficiently the effect of her +working in heavy weather, and also the pressure of water they will +have to sustain in case of being flooded. + +189. All magazines should have a light-box for each alley at one end, +and a passage to deliver powder at the other; and the magazine and its +passage, considered as one, must be made perfectly water-tight by +caulking the bottom and sides, and then lining them internally, first +with white pine boards, tongued and grooved, and again with sheets of +lead of extra thickness, soldered together, over these boards. Both +these linings are to extend entirely over the bottom or floor, and all +the way up to the crown on all the sides. + +190. When the magazine reaches the ceiling of the ship it must be +battened off two inches; the lining of the floor must be battened up +one, and also the magazine-deck, so that water leaking through the +sides of the vessel may run by and under, and not into the magazine. + +An external lining of sheet-iron must also be resorted to as a +protection against fire, and to prevent the intrusion of rats. + +191. A magazine aft in a ship is to have its passage for delivering +powder adjoining its forward part; and one forward in a ship is to +have this passage adjoining its after part, in order that it may not +be necessary to pass the powder over the light-box scuttle. + +192. As many doors are to be cut in the bulkhead separating this +passage from the magazine-room as there are alleys to be left in the +latter, between the racks or shelves on which the tanks are stowed, +and these doors must correspond with those alleys. They are not only +to afford a means of entrance to the magazine, but also for passing +the tanks in and out. Through the upper part of each door a small +scuttle is to be cut,--two, if necessary,--for the purpose of passing +the cartridges out of the magazine-room with the door itself closed; +and it is to have a lid so arranged as to open outwards only, and to +close of itself when the scuttle is not actually in use. + +193. Sailing ships-of-the-line and frigates should have two alleys for +each magazine. In screw-vessels of large class, where the shaft will +interfere with this arrangement, two alleys for the forward magazine. +In smaller vessels one alley will suffice. In all cases the alley is +to be not less than two feet and ten inches in breadth, and it ought +to be more, if practicable, to prevent confusion and delay. Each alley +is to be illuminated by a separate light. + +If there is room in the magazine, there should be space left, at the +end nearest the light, for a man to pass from one alley to the other +without going into the passage. + +194. Ships with two magazines--one forward and the other aft--are to +have them as nearly equal, in point of capacity, as the shape of the +vessel and other circumstances will admit. + +Magazines should be constructed as low down as possible. Their floors +may rest on the keelson, but should not come below it. Their height +should be equal, only, to an exact number of times the height of a +powder-tank when lying on its side, in addition to the thickness of +the shelving. An additional inch for each shelf should be allowed for +play or spring. The whole height in the clear should be limited by the +condition that a man standing on the floor may reach the upper tier of +tanks with ease. Four tiers of 200-lb. tanks, three of them resting on +shelves two inches thick, and the other on inch battens on the +magazine-floor, will, with an allowance of one and a half inch for +play and spring, require a height, in the clear, of six feet two +inches. Both safety and convenience would suggest this as the maximum +limit in height, even for the largest magazine. Three tiers of these +tanks will require a height, in the clear, of about four feet eight +inches. + +If, however, in ships of great draught of water, it should be found +practicable to extend the height of a magazine so as to accommodate +five tiers of tanks, then the lower or ground tier may be laid so as +to occupy the whole of the magazine-floor; and on the top of this +tier, in the alley-way, a light false bottom is to be placed for the +men to stand upon to enable them to reach the upper tier, which is the +one that should first be exhausted. This false bottom should be made +of gratings, and in sections convenient for speedy removal. + +195. When it is impossible to avoid extending the sides of the +magazine so far out towards the skin of the ship as to leave only an +air-passage on either side, the crown should be at least six feet +below the deep load-line. + +In all cases where this crown is less than six feet below that line, +the sides should be made susceptible of protection by allowing a space +to interpose materials, such as sand, coal, or water in tanks, between +them and the inner planking of the ship. + +An average space of six feet or more on both sides will be sufficient. +Under no circumstances, however well the sides be guarded, should the +crown of the magazine, if it can be avoided, be less than four feet +below the deep load-line. + +196. It is proper to add, in connection with this most important +subject, that in order to increase security against the effects of +lightning, a magazine should be placed, if practicable, so as not to +include a part of a mast. + +197. All the metallic fixtures about a magazine, delivering-passages, +and light-rooms, must be of copper. + +198. Each delivering-passage is to have, for the distribution of +powder, at least as many passing-scuttles communicating with the orlop +or berth deck as there are chains of scuttles above. The powder-man +will thus always find at the scuttle the proper passing-box. + + +MAGAZINE-COCKS. + +199. Each magazine, as a whole--that is, including the +delivering-passage--being made, as stated above, water-tight, is to be +provided with an independent cock for filling it rapidly with water; a +waste-pipe leading from above the upper tier of tanks to carry off the +superfluous water; and a cock just at the floor for letting the water +off when the magazine is to be emptied after having been flooded. Both +the cocks must be turned from the deck above, each having a lever to +its spindle for the purpose, distinctly marked, with engraved letters, +what it is and how it is to be used, and kept secured by a proper +lock, the key of which is to be kept among those of the magazines. A +short pipe to lead the water down into the hold is to be attached to +the emptying cock, and with this the waste-pipe is to connect. All are +to be well boxed over for protection against injury. A perforated +disk, or strainer, is to be secured inside of the hole, at the upper +part of the magazine, for the waste-pipe. All couplings of hose shall +conform to the general naval standard. + + +LIGHTING THE MAGAZINE. + +200. The magazine is to be lighted by means of one regulation-lamp, to +correspond with each alley of the magazine-room, placed in a box +arranged for the purpose. This box, of which a portion of the magazine +bulkhead forms a part, is to be lined, internally, with soldered +sheets of copper, and have a few inches of water in it whenever the +lamp is lighted. The entrance to it is at the top, through a scuttle +in the deck large enough to admit the lamp. For single-decked vessels +this scuttle may be surrounded by a composition coaming pierced with +holes one-fourth of an inch in diameter, on the forward and after +sides near the top. The cover must be so arranged that, when placed in +one position, all the holes will be closed--by turning it half round, +they are all open; thus supplying air to the lamp and carrying off +smoke. In the portion of the magazine bulkhead just alluded to, and so +as to throw as much light as possible into the magazine-room, an +opening with great bevelling is to be cut, which is to be covered by +two plane glasses of suitable thickness, somewhat separated from each +other, one of which, that next to the lamp, must be permanently fixed; +and the other, or that next to the magazine, is to be let into a +wooden frame so that it may be easily removed, and thus both glasses +cleaned at any time with convenience and safety. The glasses are to be +held in place by brass screws, after being closely fitted and having +their edges made perfectly tight. A small dome or reversed funnel of +copper, where it can be conveniently done, is to be placed above the +lamp and fitted with a pipe of the same metal to convey the smoke off. +This pipe may pass up through the covering of the light-box, which is +to have a plug-hole, lined with brass, for the purpose, and then led +farther, if necessary, taking care, however, to consult perfect safety +throughout. + +The admission of air to the light-box may be from the division of the +hold in which it is placed, by small holes, near its top, through its +side or back, protected with copper wire-gauze, inside and outside of +the box. + +The ceiling and bulkheads of all magazines and shell-rooms should be +thoroughly whitewashed. + + +STOWING THE MAGAZINES. + +201. In the stowage of magazines, reference must be had to the +Gunner's duties (Art. 36, Part I.), and to Arrangements for Delivering +and Distributing Powder (Art. 180, Part I.). Ledges on the shelves, or +a bar of wood to ship and unship with facility, will be provided for +each tier of tanks, on both sides of the alleys, to secure them from +getting out of place when the ship rolls. + +The Inspector of Ordnance will furnish the commander of the ship with +an exact plan of the magazine and shell-rooms, which shall be returned +to the Inspector of the Yard at which the ship refits or is placed in +ordinary, with any suggestions the Commander may have to make relative +to practicable changes which will render the service more safe or +convenient. + + +SHELL-ROOMS. + +202. Rooms for the stowage of loaded shells require the same care in +construction and protection against an enemy's shot, and in provision +for lighting and flooding, as magazines. Therefore, they should always +be built with reference to these objects, as well as to affording room +enough to accommodate conveniently the number of loaded shells allowed +in their boxes, stowed in bulk. Each should have one light, arranged +like those for magazines. + +203. In vessels partially armed with shell-guns, the best place, +perhaps, for these rooms is immediately forward of the spirit-room, +but not communicating with it; and in those armed entirely with such +guns, the additional shell-rooms necessary may be, perhaps, more +conveniently placed abaft, and adjoining the delivering-passage of the +forward magazine, than elsewhere. + +204. With the introduction of rifled cannon, and various special +projectiles, it is essential to devote more care to the stowage of +shells, in order to avoid confusion in battle. Not only each kind and +calibre, but each length of fuze, is to be stowed in separate tiers. + + +DAMPNESS OF MAGAZINES AND SHELL-ROOMS. + +205. Sponge clipped in a solution of salt water, dried and weighed, is +a means of ascertaining if dampness exists in these places. If it +become heavier, the room is damp. + + +VENTILATION. + +206. Provision must be made, by means of grating-hatches, for +sufficient ventilation in action, to supply the magazine-men with +fresh air, and allow the dampness caused by perspiration to pass off; +and fan-blowers are to be fitted to increase the supply of fresh air, +and assist the ventilation. The magazine should be opened and aired, +at least once a fortnight, for a few hours, on bright, clear days. + +[Illustration: SPACES REQUIRED for working DIFFERENT CLASSES OF GUNS +ON TRUCK CARRIAGES. (_with muzzle 18 in. inside of centre of Port_) C.K. +Stellwagen, del. Lith. by J.F. Gedney, Washn.] + +[Illustration: SPACES REQUIRED for working DIFFERENT CLASSES OF GUNS +ON TRUCK CARRIAGES. (_with muzzle 18in inside of centre of Port_) C.K. +Stellwagen, del. Lith. by J.F. Gedney, Washn.] + + + + +CHAPTER III. + +GUN-CARRIAGES, GEAR, IMPLEMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS. + + +GUN-CARRIAGES. + +207. All gun-carriages shall be constructed in exact conformity to the +drawings furnished by the Bureau, and no alterations whatever will be +permitted without its express sanction. + +The Inspector of Ordnance will keep approved copies of all plans, and, +in order to insure uniformity, will report to the Bureau any +deviations from the standard drawings which he may observe in +carriages received from other Yards. + +The spaces required for efficient working of all guns are represented +in diagrams X, Y, Z, and these, as well as the distances between +pivot-centres, sizes and positions of bolts, are to be strictly +adhered to. + +The distance between pivot-centres of all XI-in., X-in., IX-in., and +100-pdr. carriages shall be either 142 or 117-3/4 inches, depending on +the breadth of beam, position of hatches and other obstructions, and +shall not be deviated from except by explicit directions of the +Bureau, on a report of the particular circumstances in each case. + +For the 60-pdr. Parrott, 130 inches between centres; and for the +30-pdr., 120 inches. + +The sizes of sockets and pivot-bolts are established as follows: + + FOR XI-IN., X-IN., FOR 60, 30, + IX.-IN., AND 100-PDR. AND 20-PDR. + Inches. Inches. + +Length of bolt under the head 18. 14. +Diameter of bolt 4. 3. + Do. hole in socket 4.1 3.1 + Do. boss 10.5 8. +Height of boss 1.5 1.1 + +Slot in the pivot-plate, 1/16 larger than the boss. + +For XI-in., X-in., IX-in., and 100-pdr. carriages, the fighting and +shifting sockets are bossed, the housing-socket plain. + +For 60-pdr., 30-pdr., and 20-pdr. carriages, the shifting-socket alone +is bossed. + +For broadside-guns, the following positions for bolts are established: + + 20 AND 24 IN. 16 AND 18 IN. + PORT-SILLS. PORT-SILLS. + Inches. Inches. + +Height of centre of lower bolt from deck 14.75 10.75 +Distance between the bolts 3.75 3.75 +Distance of centre of 1st bolt from side + of port 14. 14. +Distance of centre of 2d bolt from side + of port 22. 22. +Distance of centre of training-bolt from + side of port 36. 36. +Height of training-bolt from deck 21. 14. & 16. +Height of securing-bolt (side-tackle + bolt) above port-sill 8. 8. + +For IX-in. guns, the port-sill should not be less than 20 inches in +height, and no port-sill less than 16 inches; otherwise, the carriages +will not give sufficient elevation, and the position of the Gun +Captain in aiming is exceedingly awkward and inconvenient. + +Scraping and staining gun-carriages or keeping them bright is +prohibited; they should be kept well painted, and the trucks, +axletrees, and trunnion-holes oiled. + +All new work shall be primed with red-lead. + +Wrought-iron Broadside carriages, for IX-inch, new 8-in. of 6,500 +lbs., and 32-pdr. of 4,500 lbs. shell-guns, have been designed by the +Ordnance Bureau, submitted to trial with success, and are being issued +for service at sea. + + +GUN-GEAR. + +208. Breechings for all guns are to be made of the best hemp, of +three-stranded rope, shroud-laid, and soft; and for smooth-bore guns +not to measure less than seven and a half nor more than eight inches +in the coil, excepting those for IX-inch guns, which are to measure +nine and a half inches, and for XI-inch ten and a half inches. + +209. The breeching-bolts must never be of less dimensions than those +prescribed by regulation, and there must be double sets for the IX and +XI inch guns. + +210. In fitting breechings, a thimble is to be spliced into one end, +the strands stuck through twice, and marled down. A thimble is to be +turned into the other end, so that the length of the breeching may be +conveniently altered. Thus fitted, when the gun is run in and +levelled, breechings must be long enough to allow the muzzle of the +gun to come a foot inside of the upper port-sill, if the breadth of +the vessel will allow it. With guns of violent recoil this distance +may be advantageously doubled, where there is room enough, as thereby +the strain will be much lessened. + +Breechings are neither to be covered, blackened, nor rendered less +pliable in any way. + +[Illustration: New 8 in. Gun of 6500 lbs. and Iron Carriage. Lith. by +J.F. Gedney, Washn. C.K. Stellwagen, del.] + + +BREECHINGS. + +KEY: +A: LENGTH OF BREECHING WHEN CUT. +B: LENGTH OF BREECHING WHEN FINISHED. +C: CIRCUMFERENCE OF BREECHING. +D: Diameter. +E: Depth. +F: Radius of Score. +G: Diam. bolt-hole. +H: WEIGHT, INCLUDING THIMBLE. + +--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+------+ + | | | | THIMBLE. | | +CLASS | | | +-----------------------+ | +OF GUN. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | +--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+ + |Feet.|Feet.|Inch.|Inch.|Inch.|Inch.|Inch.| Lbs. | +_Pivot._ | | | | | | | | | +XI-inch | 38. | 32. | 10.5| 6. | 4. | 1.75| 2.05| 172. | + X-inch | 37.5| 31.5| 10. | 6. | 6. | 1.75| 2.05| 170. | +IX-inch | 34. | 28.5| 9.5| 6. | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.05| 110. | +100-pounder | 37.5| 31.5| 9.5| 6. | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.05| 130. | + 60-pounder | 33. | 28. | 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 91. | + 30-pounder | 27.5| 23.5| 7. | 5. | - | 1.2 | 1.55| 43. | + 20-pounder | 26. | 21. | 6. | 4. | - | 1.0 | 1.55| 40. | + | | | | | | | | | +_Broadside._ | | | | | | | | | +XI-inch |38.0 | 32.0| 10.5| 6. | 4. | 1.75| 2.05| 172. | + X-inch |34.5 | 28.5| 10. | 6. | 4. | 1.75| 2.05| 160. | +IX-inch |31.5 | 25.5| 9.5| 6. | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.05| 100. | +8-in. 63 cwt. |28. | 23.3| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 76. | +8-in. { 55 cwt.}|27. | 22.3| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 72. | + {6,500 lbs.}| | | | | | | | | +32-pounder 57 cwt. |28.5 | 24. | 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 76. | +32-pounder { 42 cwt.}|26. | 21.5| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 70. | + {4,500 lbs.}| | | | | | | | | +32-pounder 33 cwt. |23.5 | 19. | 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 65. | +32-pounder 27 cwt. |22. | 17.5| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 61. | + | | | | | | | | | +_Broadside Rifle._ | | | | | | | | | +100-pounder |35.5 | 31. | 9.5| 6. | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.05| 115. | + 60-pounder |28. | 23.5| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 80. | + 30-pounder |25.5 | 21.5| 7. | 5. | - | 1.2 | 1.55| 39. | + 20-pounder |23. | 17.5| 6. | 4. | - | 1. | 1.55| 34. | +--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+ + + +211. Gun-tackle falls will be made of Manilla or such other pliable +rope as may be directed from time to time by the Bureau of Ordnance. +It is prohibited to blacken them or to diminish their pliability. +Three-inch rope will be found large enough for the heaviest, and from +2-1/2 to 2-1/4 inch for the lighter guns. + +The rope being well stretched, the falls are to be cut of sufficient +length to allow the full recoil, leaving end enough to hitch round the +straps of their inner blocks, when hooked to the middle bolts. + +212. Blocks for gun-tackles should have pins of hardened copper, +turned smooth, and sheaves of lignum-vitae without bouching. Those to +reeve 3-inch falls to be 10 inches, those for 2-1/2 inch falls 9 +inches, and those for 2-1/4 inch falls 8 inches long. The hooks of +gun-tackle blocks are not to be less than one and a half inch diameter +at the bend for heavy, and one and a quarter for light, +broadside-guns. + +Metallic blocks with nibs, which keep the blocks fair with the falls, +and thus prevent the falls from fouling in the recoil, are to be +supplied to all Marsilly and heavy pivot carriages. + + +GRIOLET. + +213. The GRIOLET-PURCHASE for dismounting guns on covered decks is +composed of-- + +A toggle-block, made of elm or oak, the outer end or head of which is +made rather larger in diameter than the inner one, which exactly fits +the bore of the gun. The head has two sheaves in it, so as to form the +lower block of the muzzle-purchase, and is bound at the outer end with +an iron band. + +A double cascabel-block of iron is made either with a shackle or to +fit between the jaws of the cascabel, where it is secured by the +cascabel-pin. The iron pins on which the sheaves revolve are formed +with eyes, for the convenience of hitching the standing part of the +purchase. + +Two iron treble-blocks, one for the muzzle and the other for the +breech-purchase. + +The muzzle-purchase block is so fitted as to be either shackled or +toggled to the housing-bolt above the port, and the breech-purchase +block has an iron strap terminating above, with an eye by which it is +shackled to a bolt passing through the deck above the gun. This bolt +has an eye in one end, and a screw or key-slit at the other, and, when +in place, is secured above the deck with a nut or key, between which +and the deck a washer of hard wood or iron of suitable breadth and +thickness is placed. + +The hole through which this bolt is put should be directly above the +cascabel-block when the muzzle of the gun is under the housing-bolt, +and may be bored at the time the gun is to be dismounted; it is to be +stopped afterwards with a plug of wood coated with white-lead. + +But as it is desirable that every division on the gun-deck should be +exercised in mounting and dismounting its guns, a hole may be made in +the deck above each division and bouched with a composition screw-tap. + +The purchase-falls should not be less than three and a half inches in +size, and should be made of Manilla rope, of sufficient length to +reeve full, the gun being supposed to be on deck and the upper blocks +in place, allowing also sufficient end for splicing in the thimbles +and hitching the standing part of the purchase when rove. + +An iron thimble, large enough to hook the double-block of a side or +train tackle, is spliced into the end of each purchase-fall. + + +SELVAGEE WADS. + +214. Selvagee wads are made by the wad-machine at the Navy Yards. This +consists of pairs of disks adapted to each calibre of guns, which +being placed face to face on a spindle and keyed, present an annular +score, grooved in such a way as to make, when filled, a grommet of the +requisite size. Transverse notches are cut in the circumference of the +disks to the bottom of the score, for the convenience of marling the +wad before taking it off the mould. + +[Illustration: SPACES REQUIRED for working DIFFERENT CLASSES OF GUNS +on PIVOT CARRIAGES. Lith. by J.F. Gedney, Washn. C.K. Stellwagen, +del.] + +In making the wad, the end of a rope-yarn is fixed in the score, and +the mould is turned by a crank until the score is filled. The grommet +thus formed is marled like a selvagee strap, and a section of about an +inch is taken out of it, in order to make the wad, when swelled by +dampness, enter the bore of the gun readily. + +Selvagee wads should be made neither too hard nor too soft; and to +avoid either of these extremes, a sufficient number of hitches only +will be taken to give the wad the consistency required for service. + +Sections of one-third or one-fourth of these wads will answer as well, +in case of need. + + +MAGAZINE-SCREENS. + +215. Are made of thick fearnaught, or of double baize, with holes +through which to pass the powder; these holes to be covered by broad +flaps of the same material. One screen is to be hung abaft, and +another forward of the magazine passing-hatch and scuttles in +sloops-of-war; in ships-of-the-line and frigates, one is usually to be +hung abaft the fore, and one forward of the after, magazine-scuttle; +but as ships are differently arranged, two to each magazine will be +allowed, if required. + +Canvas chutes for returning empty passing-boxes are to be supplied to +each scuttle. + + +MAGAZINE-DRESSES. + +216. Are to be of worsted, like a simple shirt, to reach to the +knees--no metal buttons to be worn. + +The shoes must be made wholly of cotton canvas or buckskin. In hot +climates or warm weather generally, the naked feet are preferred. +India-rubber and woollen slippers are prohibited. + + +RATTLES FOR CALLING BOARDERS. + +217. To be made like those used by watchmen, of white oak, or some +other similar wood. Rattle, 12 inches long; ratchet, 2 inches in +diameter; spring, one inch in width, and of sufficient thickness and +elasticity to produce the requisite sound. Weight enough should be +given to the butt to cause it to revolve round the handle with ease. + +Fixed rattles of greater power will be attached to suitable places on +each deck. + + +SHELL-WHIPS. + +218. To be made of two-inch rope, rove through two single blocks one +above the other, in the shell-hatchway, and the ends knotted together. +A hook is fixed on each part of the whip, near the block, so that the +parts being bowsed on alternately, a full box is brought up on one +hook and an empty one lowered by the other, at the same time. + + +FLASH-PANS. + +219. Shallow copper bowls, large enough to hold an ounce of powder, +with a handle two feet long, to be supplied to all vessels. + + +DARK LANTERNS. + +220. To be made of copper, tinned inside, with two handles at the +side, that the shade may be turned without taking hold of the top. The +whole height, 12 inches; diameter, 4 inches. + + +BOAT GRAPNELS. + +221. Are made of round iron, quite light, for throwing into the +rigging or chains of the enemy, for the purpose of holding on when +boarding; their prongs are barbed. + +Six feet of small chain are to be attached to the ring, and connected +with six fathoms of one and three quarter rope. + + +TARGETS. + +222. In the construction of targets for practice at sea, the chief +object will be to give buoyancy and stability to the screen, with +sufficient development of its surface. To these ends, whiskey or beef +barrels, supporting boards of sufficient length, will afford staging +for the masts, yards, and screen; the heel of the mast passing through +the stage, and having ballast attached to it. The stage should be so +fitted as to be readily put together when wanted, and taken apart for +stowage. + +Harbor targets may be anchored, or supported on stakes; but it would +conduce to good practice to stretch a screen of sufficient length to +show, distinctly, four or six ports, with the proper intervals +between. This will the better exhibit the lateral effect of the firing +of each gun, and of the concentration of fire from several guns at +known distances. + + +PACKING-BOXES. + +223. Cartridges for small arms, primers, spur-tubes, percussion-caps, +spare fuzes, false-fires, blue-lights, port-fires, and signal-rockets, +will generally be supplied to vessels in boxes, in which they can be +kept with little liability to injury, until wanted for use. (See Part +I., Page 10, Art. 42.) + +These boxes are to be safely kept and returned into store, or +accounted for in the same manner as other articles of Ordnance stores, +by those persons in whose charge they may be placed. They will be held +pecuniarily responsible for their loss. + + +GUN-SLINGS + +224. Must be made of chain of 3/4-inch iron, and tested, to secure +proper strength; the rings are to be of 1-1/4-inch iron. The length of +the slings should exceed by one foot that of the longest gun on board. +The two parts should be parcelled and marled together for a space of +two feet before and one foot behind the trunnions of the longest gun, +and a piece of three-inch rope spliced around both parts in the wake +of the parcelling, long enough to take four or five turns round the +chase of the largest gun. + + +TRUNNION-SIGHT FOR MORTARS AND PIVOT-GUNS. + +225. The trunnion-sight is designed to be used only when the required +elevation passes the limits of the other sights. It is formed of a bar +of mahogany, or other hard wood not liable to warp, of about forty +inches in length, two inches wide, and one inch thick, with a brass +notch at the rear end and a point at the other, fixed in, and parallel +to, the upper edge. It is attached, by a stout thumb-screw, to the +axis of the left trunnion, around which it revolves when the screw is +slack. + +A semicircular plate, graduated to degrees, is attached to the bar, so +that the sight may be used with the tables showing the corresponding +ranges of the several classes of guns with their distant +firing-charge. (_See_ TABLES OF RANGES, Appendix D.) + +The upper edge of the sight-bar corresponds with 0 deg. when the line of +sight is parallel to the axis of the bore. A small level let into the +upper surface of the rear end of the bar shows when the bar is level. + +In using this sight, the thumb-screw is first loosened, and the rear +end of the sight raised until the mark on the trunnion coincides with +the degree of elevation required for the range, as given in the +Tables: clamp the thumb-screw, and elevate the gun until the bubble is +at 0 deg., then give the lateral training. + +226. Tangent-sights placed on the side of the breech, with a fixed +front sight on the rimbase, as in rifled cannon, will hereafter be +supplied to all pivot-guns; and these will give the sight with equal +accuracy at all elevations. + + +RAMMERS AND SPONGES. + +227. Rammer-heads are to be made of well-seasoned ash, birch, beech, +or other tough wood, of the form and dimensions given in the drawings +furnished by the Bureau to the different Navy Yards. The face of the +rammer is hollowed, so as to embrace the front of the ball and press +the selvagee wad home in its place. A hole is bored lengthwise through +the head to admit the tenon, which is fastened by a pin of hard wood, +three-tenths of an inch in diameter, passing transversely through the +head and tenon. The diameter of the staff is 1.75, and that of the +tenon 1.5 inch. The diameter of the rammer-head will be 0.25 inch less +than that of the bore or chamber to which it is adapted. + +For all chambered guns except those of the Dahlgren pattern, the +rammers will be adapted to the chamber, but, as above described, will +answer equally well for the shot and selvagee wad. + +Staves are made of tough ash, and are one foot longer than the bores +of the guns for which they are intended: they are to have grooves 1/16 +of an inch deep and 1/4 of an inch broad cut in them to show when the +"ordinary charges" are in place, and, by due allowances, the others +also. + +For rifled cannon, rammer-heads are made of composition, of the +pattern prescribed by the Bureau. + +228. Sponge-heads are to be made of poplar, or other suitable light +wood. A hole 1.5 inch in diameter is bored through the axis to admit +the tenon of the staff, into which the worm is previously secured by +means of a brass pin which passes through an eye in its shank and the +tenon. The worm is intended to project half an inch beyond the face of +the sponge-head, when the tenon is in place, and to have free play +back into its socket when pressed against the bottom of the bore. It +must be two inches in length and one and a quarter inch in diameter, +made of elastic brass or composition wire two-tenths of an inch in +diameter, and tapering at the points, so as to preserve its elasticity +and firmness. It is to be left-handed, in order to act when turned to +the right, or with the sun. + +The wood of which sponge-heads are made should be well seasoned, and +gotten out of a size but little greater than the diameter of the heads +for which it is intended, so that there may be as little shrinkage as +possible in the finished heads. + +The heads, when finished, should also be primed with several coats of +boiled linseed oil or varnish, as the porous wood of which they are +made is apt to become water-soaked, or to split on exposure to the +air. + + +229. For chambered guns the sponges must fit the chambers and slopes, +and a portion of the main bore, as shown in the drawings furnished by +the Bureau. When made of wool, the whole surface is covered, and so +sheared as to have no windage, and to be even with the points of the +worm, that they make take effect. The heads for woollen sponges should +be one inch less in diameter than the bores or chambers of the guns +for which they are intended. + +In future, sheepskins will not be allowed, but covers for sponge-heads +made up ready to slip over the head and be tacked on. + +230. The heads for the sponges of unchambered guns are to be eight +inches long; and all sponge-heads intended to be covered with woollen +material must be slightly tapered and secured by a thin copper hoop, +fastened with copper tacks, on the inner end. + +231. For Bristle Sponges the heads must be 1.5 inch less in diameter +than the bores or chambers for which they are designed. The bristles +are to be sheared so as to work easily and leave no windage. The worm +must project one-fourth of an inch, in order to take the bottom of the +bore, and special care is to be taken by the Inspector that it has +both the necessary stiffness to act efficiently and elastically +enough, when pressed home, to yield sufficiently to allow the bristles +to act also. Spiral spaces extending the whole length of the +sponge-head, including the portion adapted to the main bore in +chambered guns, are to be left, in order to bring out the unconsumed +portions of cartridges. These spaces must be left-handed like the +worm. + +Great care is necessary, in stowing them, to prevent the bristles from +being crushed down by contact with hard substances. For this purpose +fenders will be provided with copper tacks, on the inner end. + +One will be allowed to each division, for each calibre, for cleaning +guns. + +232. Sponge-staves are to be made of tough ash, 1.75 inch in diameter, +and must be 18 inches longer than the bores of the guns for which they +are intended. + +233. Sponge-caps are made of duck, and, except for spar-deck guns +where they are exposed to the weather, should not be painted, but +they, as well as the staves, should be kept clean by scrubbing. A +becket should be attached to the end to haul them off by. + +Sponges should be washed carefully and dried after use before putting +the caps on, and frequently examined and dried to prevent their +rotting. + + +ROBINSON'S WORM. + +234. This worm consists of a screw, 1-1/4 inch in diameter, of two +turns, at the end of a cylindrical iron shank, with a socket and +straps riveted to the staff, which is 1.5 inch in diameter. The worm +is supported in the axis of the bore by means of a guide-ring of +composition, kept in place on the shank, six inches from the end, by a +shoulder and forelock. + +Thus adjusted, it is used to draw the junk-wad and cartridge; the +latter being laid hold of by the tie, if the staff be held in the axis +of the bore, is uninjured. + +When the ring is removed the worm will be equally efficient in drawing +the selvagee wad. + + +LADLES. + +235. Ladles, when required, are to be made according to the patterns +sent to each of the Navy Yards. Ladles which may be on hand are to be +tried in drawing projectiles from the guns before they are issued for +service. The Ladle will not draw rifle projectiles, and should not be +used for that purpose. + + +SCRAPERS FOR BOTTOM OF BORE. + +236. These consist of two steel blades, crossing each other in the +middle, and having their edges conformed to the curve of the bottom of +the bore. They are inserted in a sponge-bead, and are designed to +remove the cake usually caused by the adherence of the bottoms of the +cylinders to the bottom of the bore. + +The edges of the scrapers are so bevelled as to act only when turned +to the right, or with the sun. + +Scrapers are also to be supplied for rifled cannon, made to clean a +groove and the adjacent lands. + + +ORDINARY HANDSPIKES. + +237. Handspikes are to be made of well-seasoned white hickory, of the +form and dimensions directed by the Bureau. They are always to be +shod, stained black, and oiled. The Ordnance Officer of the Navy Yard +will ascertain that they ship freely in the training-loops or sockets, +and that the toe is sufficiently rounded not to cut the decks when +held vertically. + +DETAILS OF HANDSPIKES. | No. 1. | No. 2. | No. 3. +----------------------------------+--------+--------+-------- + { Total in. | 64. | 60. | + { Square part in. | 20. | 20. | +Length { Octagon part in. | 6. | 6. | + { Round part in. | 38. | 34. | + { Shoe in. | 18. | 18. | +Diameter { of square in. | 2.75 | 2.50 | + { of small end in. | 1.75 | 1.6 | +Radius of quarter round in. | 4.5 | 3.5 | +Weight lbs. | 16. | 12. | +----------------------------------+--------+--------+-------- + + +ROLLER HANDSPIKES. + +238. There are two sizes of roller handspikes: No. 1 for the IX-in. +shell-gun and 100-pdr. Marsilly, or two-truck carriage; No. 2 for all +other guns. + +They are composed of--the head and socket of bronze, handle of +hickory, and the roller of lignum-vitae. + +The boss on the head makes, with the handle, an angle of 70 deg., and, +when vertical, lifts the carriage half an inch (0.5). + +Commander Beaumont's roller handspike has been adopted. + +It is a common error of seamen to stoop, with a view of raising the +carriage higher. The lift is greatest when the end of the handle is at +the hip. + + +DETAILS OF ROLLER HANDSPIKES. | No. 1. | No. 2. +------------------------------------------------+---------+-------- + { Extreme in. | 70.5 | 66. + { of handle in. | 63.0 | 62.5 +Length { of socket in. | 12. | 7.5 + { of boss in. | 1.6 | 1.3 + { of boss from centre of roller in. | 4.5 | 3.6 + { of axle-pin in. | 9.5 | 7.5 + { of roller in. | 4.5 | 3.4 + { of socket in. | 2.9 | 2.5 +Diameter { of hole in socket in. | 2.6 | 2.25 + { Small end of handle in. | 1.5 | 1.50 + { of hole for axle-pin in. | .75 | .62 +Width { of roller in. | 3.60 | 3.00 + { Exterior of head in. | 9.00 | 7.00 +Weight lbs. | 32. | 19.5 +------------------------------------------------+---------+-------- + + +IMPRESSION-TAKERS. + +239. All vessels carrying XI and IX inch guns, and all iron rifles, +are to be furnished with an impression-taker and wax. Impressions of +the vent and bore, as described in Art. 57, are to be taken after +every ten shotted rounds in practice, and at the close of an action. +The last one should be preserved for comparison with the succeeding +one; and when, in the opinion of the Commanding Officer, the wear +becomes excessive, or a decided crack shows itself, a duplicate must +be forwarded to the Bureau for examination. In forwarding them, they +should be tacked on a piece of thin board secured in the bottom of a +box. If wrapped in cotton or oakum they are generally defaced. The +date, number of fires, Register Nos. of guns, ship from which +forwarded, and other remarks written and pasted on the under side of +the box-cover. + +In expert hands any small spar--such as a boat's mast--will take the +impression equally well. + + +PASSING-BOXES. + +240. Passing-boxes are to be made of strong and well-tanned harness or +sole leather, strongly sewed, or of such other material as may be +directed. + +For 8-inch and 32-pounder guns they are to be of sufficient height to +contain two near-firing charges. + +Their diameters, in the clear, must be half an inch greater than those +of the cartridges they are to contain. + +Their tops must be distinctly lettered, in letters one inch and a half +long, with the calibre and class of gun they are intended to serve, +and made to slide on the beckets. + +241. All passing-boxes are to be painted black, with the calibre and +charge painted in white letters two and one-half (2-1/2) inches long +on the side, and one and one-half (1-1/2) on the top. + +242. If, however, there are any guns of the same calibre on spar-decks +requiring lighter charges, the lower half of the box shall be painted +white. + +For gun-decks in similar cases the lower half shall be painted red. + + +FIRE-TUBS. + +243. Fire-tubs should be made of oak, of the patterns furnished by the +Bureau, the hoops being of iron. The top is to be provided with a +stout hoop of wood, to ship and unship, with a grating across it of +stout copper wire, the meshes of which must be small enough to prevent +the passing-boxes from falling into the water when struck over the +tub. + + +FIRE-BUCKETS. + +244. Fire-buckets should be made of light well-tanned sole leather, +according to pattern. + +A few Rubber buckets have been issued for trial and report. + + +THE GROMMET MUZZLE-LASHING FOR HOUSING GUNS. + +245. Consists of a grommet made of rope double the size of the +gun-tackle falls, with two cringles worked into it for the frapping +lashing, which will be of stuff half the size of the tackle-falls. + +The grommet will be made large enough just to slip over the swell of +the muzzle when the bight is over the housing hook-bolt, and the gun +is in position for housing. It will be wormed throughout, and +parcelled in the wake of the housing-bolt and frapping lashing, and +where there is no swell, in the wake of the muzzle-ring. + +Where the housing-bolt is an eye-bolt, the grommet is secured to it by +means of a toggle which has a lanyard. + + +FUZE-WRENCHES. + +246. For the Navy time-fuze these are made of steel, with a round +shank, four inches long, four-tenths of an inch diameter. Prongs +round, one and a half inch long, three-tenths of an inch diameter. +Cross-handle of wood, with small forked screw-driver in one end for +water-cap. The prongs of the wrench are flattened at the ends, and are +nine-tenths of an inch apart. + +A three-armed wrench is also required for the Parrott, Schenkl, and +Hotchkiss fuzes, all of which differ. + +Two to be allowed to each shell-room. + + +RIGGING STOPPERS. + +247. Standing rigging, when stranded or shot away, is most readily and +effectually secured for the moment by using stoppers composed of two +small dead-eyes, fitted with double selvagee tails and lanyards, of +sizes suitable to the rigging, whether lower or topmast. These are to +be fitted on board ship, and set up by means of pendant-tackles or +jiggers, as the case may require. + + +HARNESS-CASKS FOR BOATS. + +248. For expeditions, the launches and first cutters of all vessels +are each to be provided with a week's supply of pork, sufficient for +all the boats' crews of the ship, kept in quarter barrels or kegs, +adapted to the form of the boat and to convenient stowage. + + +ACCOUTREMENTS FOR CAPTAINS OF GUNS, BOARDERS, AND SMALL-ARMS MEN. + +249. WAIST-BELTS, to be made of buff leather--grained leather becomes +stiff and horny when exposed to the sea-air--two inches wide, and from +forty to forty-four inches long; a pattern buckle has been adopted. + +The same belt is used by Captains of guns and boarders, as well as by +small-arms men and the crews of field-howitzers; the frogs and boxes +to hold the arms and ammunition being fitted with loops to slip on and +off the belt as circumstances require, and in the following order: + +1st and 2d Captains of guns, and of field and boat howitzers, wear the +primer-box in front; if they are boarders, the sword on the left and +the pistol-frog on the right hip. These equipments, consequently, will +be slid on towards the loop end of the belt, in the order just named. + +Other boarders, and guns' crews of howitzers when used as field-guns, +wear their arms, as in the preceding case, without the primer-box. + +Men armed with muskets, and acting on shore, will wear musket +cartridge-boxes, fitted with frog and scabbard for bayonet on the +waist-belt. + +Men who may be armed with carbines on shore duty will wear +cartridge-boxes with waist-belts. For boat duty, or when armed with +pistols and swords, they will wear the waist-belt with the proper frog +and boxes. + +250. Instead of the sword-frog, the sword scabbards of Admiral D.D. +Porter's pattern are fitted with a loop to slide on the waist-belt. +This scabbard also dispenses with the brass mountings, which are +replaced by leather ones. The whole is fastened by copper rivets, +instead of being sewed. + +251. PRIMER-BOXES, of black bridle leather, rectangular in form, and +of the size to contain, loosely, the tin packing-box. Flap covering +the top and front with a button-hole strap one inch in width, sewed +near the bottom: brass button riveted to the bottom of the box. Loop, +two inches wide, placed upright on the back of the box for the +waist-belt to pass through. + +252. PISTOL-FROG--buff leather--wide enough at the mouth to cover the +cock of the pistol, and at the lower part to accommodate the stock; +upper part of the back of it turned down to form a loop large enough +to admit the waist-belt. The stitches forming the side seams not to +come nearer than 0.25 inch from the edges of the leather. To be worn +on right hip. + +Pocket--thin bridle leather--to contain three cartridges; flap, +tongue, and loop. + +Cap-pocket, like the cartridge-pocket; lining, a strip of sheepskin +with the wool on, glued with fish-glue and sewed to the back at the +mouth of the pocket. + +These two pockets are of the same depth, and occupy the whole breadth +of the pistol-frog. + +253. THUMBSTALLS, of buckskin, with hair-stuffed pad, and thongs for +the wrist. + +254. MUSKET CARTRIDGE-BOX--black bridle leather--length, 7.2 inches; +width, 1.6 inch; depth in front, 5.8 inches; inner cover--upper +leather--4 inches wide, with end pieces sewed to it so as to cover the +ends of the box; flap--harness leather--8.5 inches wide at the bottom, +8 inches at top, stamped U.S.N. in an oval on the outside; a +button-hole strap, sewed near the bottom; brass button riveted to the +bottom of the box; loop--bridle leather--with a hole in the middle to +hook the shoulder-belt to, sewed to the back of the box for the +waist-belt to pass through. + +Cap-pocket--light upper leather--sewed to the front of the box; +length, 4-1/2; depth, 2-1/2 inches; flap, tongue, and loop--bridle +leather; lining, a strip of sheepskin with the wool on, 1.5 inch wide, +glued with fish-glue and sewed at the mouth of the pocket; pocket for +ball-screw and wiper sewed on the right, and for cone-key and +cone-pick on the left of the cap-pocket. + +Two tin linings, each with a lower division, 3 inches by 3.3 inches, +open in front, to contain a bundle of ten cartridges, and two bundles +of caps containing 25 each, packed in water-proof paper. Each tin has +also two upper divisions, 2.7 inches deep--one of 2 inches by 1.35 +inch for six cartridges; the other, 1.35 inch square, for four +cartridges. The edges of the tins are turned over and soldered down, +to prevent them from cutting the fingers. + +All the tin linings should be made to slide freely in the boxes. + +255. CARBINE CARTRIDGE-BOX.--The leather parts are like those of the +musket cartridge-box; length, 6.4 inches; depth in front, 3.7 inches; +width, 1.3 inch; inner cover, 3.5 inches wide; flap, 6.6 inches wide +at top, 6.8 at bottom, 6 deep. Tin linings; two lower divisions, 2 +inches deep, 2.9 inches long, 1.2 wide; five upper divisions, 1.2 inch +wide by 1.15 inch long, and 1.5 inch deep, to contain forty +cartridges, those below in bundles of water-proof paper. + +256. CONE-PICK of steel wire, No. 18, 1.5 inch long, with a +ring-handle 0.5 inch in diameter; it is carried, with the cone-key, in +the pocket in front of the musket cartridge-box. + +257. BAYONET SCABBARD--black bridle leather--length, 19.3 inches. +Frog--buff leather--sewed to a socket of black leather, which is +fastened to the top of the scabbard; the loop of the frog to be made +wide enough to slide on the waist-belt. + + +MARKING SMALL ARMS. + +258. It is directed that hereafter all small arms, when passed by the +Inspector, be stamped in the following manner: + +MUSKETS, CARBINES, AND PISTOLS. + +On the top of the barrel, near the breech, with an anchor; and, on the +lock-plate, the letter P over the initials of the Inspector, thus: +P./A.B. + +REVOLVERS. + +On the top of the barrel, near the cylinder, with an anchor; and, on +the face of the cylinder, the letter P over the initials of the +Inspector, as above. + +CUTLASSES. + +On the blade, immediately below the guard, with an anchor; and the +letter P over the initials of the Inspector, as above. + +All arms in store or returned from ships will be stamped with the +anchor before being issued. + +The Bureau will furnish to each Inspector two sizes of stamps. +MUSKETS, CARBINES, and CUTLASSES are to be marked with the larger, +.15-in., and PISTOLS and REVOLVERS with the smaller, 0.1-in., size of +stamps. + + +PRESERVATION OF SMALL ARMS. + +259. The Captain will take care that the Small Arms are carefully +cleaned and wiped dry after every exercise or use of them, before they +are put away. + +260. He will cause them to be frequently examined at other times, to +prevent their being clogged with oil or lacquer, and to be sure that +they are always ready for use. + +He will strictly prohibit their being marked or otherwise defaced. + +261. It is directed that the men who use them be taught to clean them +properly, and to remedy any slight defects or obstructions to their +use. + +Chests not lined preserve them best, if there be no proper armory. + + +DIRECTIONS FOR CLEANING ARMS. + +262. In taking apart and cleaning guns, there are required a +screw-driver, wiper, wire-tumbler punch, and a spring vice. No other +implements should be used in taking arms apart, or in setting them up. + +263. DISMOUNTING AND CLEANING.--The rifle-musket should be dismounted +in the following order, viz.: + +1st. Unfix the bayonet. 2d. Insert the tompion. 3d. Draw the ramrod. +4th. Turn out the tang-screw. 5th. Take off the lock; to do this, put +the hammer at half-cock, and partially unscrew the side screws; then, +with a slight tap on the head of each screw with a wooden instrument, +loosen the lock from its bed in the stock; turn out the side screws, +and remove the lock with the left hand. 6th. Remove the side screws +without disturbing the washers. 7th. Take off the bands in order, +commencing with the uppermost. 8th. Take out the barrel; in doing +this, turn the musket horizontally, with the barrel downward, holding +it loosely, with the left hand below the rear sight and the right hand +grasping the stock by the handle; tap the muzzle on the ground, if +necessary, to loosen the breech. If an attempt were made to pull the +barrel out by the muzzle, it would, in case it were wood-bound, be +liable to split at the head of the stock. + +The foregoing parts of the rifle-musket are all that should usually be +taken off or dismounted. + +The breech-screw should be taken out only by an armorer, and never in +ordinary cleaning. The mountings, cone and cone-seat screw, should not +be taken off, nor should the lock be taken apart, except by permission +of an officer. + +264. TO CLEAN THE BARREL.--1st. Stop the vent with a peg of soft wood, +or piece of rag or soft leather pressed down by the hammer; pour a +gill of water, warm, if it can be had, into the muzzle; let it stand a +short time to soften the deposit of powder; put a plug of soft wood +into the muzzle and shake the water up and down the barrel; pour it +out and repeat the washing until the water comes out clear; remove the +peg from the cone and stand the barrel muzzle downward, to drain, for +a few moments. + +2d. Screw the wiper on the end of the ramrod, and put a piece of dry +cloth or tow round it sufficient to prevent it from chafing the +grooves of the barrel; wipe the barrel dry, changing the cloth two or +three times. + +3d. Do not put oil into the vent, as it will clog the passage and +cause the first cap to miss fire; but, with a slightly oiled rag on +the wiper, rub the bore of the barrel and the face of the +breech-screw, and immediately insert the tompion into the muzzle. + +4th. To clean the exterior of the barrel, lay it flat on a bench or +board, to avoid bending it. The practice of supporting the barrel at +each end, and rubbing it with a strap, buffstick, ramrod, or any other +instrument to burnish it, is pernicious, and should be strictly +forbidden. + +5th. After firing, the barrel should always be washed as soon as +practicable; when the water comes off clear, wipe the barrel dry and +pass into it an oiled rag. Fine flour of emery cloth is the best +article to clean the exterior of the barrel. + +265. TO CLEAN THE LOCK.--Wipe every part with a moist rag, and then a +dry one; if any part of the interior shows rust, put a drop of oil on +the point or end of a piece of soft wood dipped into flour of emery; +rub out the rust and wipe the surface dry; then rub every part with a +slightly oiled rag. + +266. TO CLEAN THE MOUNTINGS.--For iron and steel parts, use fine emery +moistened with oil, or emery cloth. For brass parts, use rotten-stone +moistened with vinegar or water, applied with a rag, brush, or stick; +oil or grease should be avoided. The dirt may be removed from the +screw-holes by screwing a piece of soft wood into them. Wipe all parts +with a linen rag, and leave the parts slightly oiled. + +267. DISMOUNTING BY AN ARMORER.--The parts which are specially +assigned to be dismounted by an experienced armorer will be stated in +their regular order, following No. 8, viz.: + +9th. Unscrew cone. 10th. Take out cone-seat screw, 11th. Take out +band-springs, using a wire punch. 12th. Take out the guard-screws. Be +careful that the screw-driver does not slip and mar the stock. 13th. +Remove the guard without injuring the wood at either end of the plate. +14th. Remove the side screw-washers with a drift-punch. 15th. Remove +the butt-plate. 16th. Remove the rear-sight. 17th. Turn out the +breech-screw by means of a "breech screw-wrench" suited to the tenon +of the screw. No other wrench should ever be used for this purpose, +and the barrel should be held in clamps neatly fitting the breech. + +268. LOCK.--To take the lock apart: 1st. Cock the piece and apply the +spring-piece to the mainspring; give the thumb-screw a turn sufficient +to liberate the spring from the swivel and mainspring notch; remove +the spring. 2d. The sear-spring screw. 3d. The sear-screw and sear. +4th. The bridle-screw and bridle. 5th. The tumbler-screw. 6th. The +tumbler. This is driven out with a punch inserted in the screw-hole, +which at the same time liberates the hammer. 7th. Detach the +mainspring swivel from the tumbler with a drift-punch. 8th. Take out +the feed-finger and spring. 9th. The catch-spring and screw. + +269. As a general rule, all parts of the musket are assembled in the +inverse order in which they are dismounted. Before replacing screws, +oil them slightly with good sperm oil, as inferior oil is converted +into a gum, which clogs the operation of the parts. Screws should not +be turned in so hard as to make the parts bind. When a lock has, from +any cause, become gummed with oil and dirt, it may be cleaned by +boiling in soap-suds, or in pearlash or soda-water; heat should never +be applied in any other way. + +270. PRECAUTIONS IN USING.--In ordering arms on parade, let the butt +be brought gently to the ground, especially if the ground be hard. +This will save the mechanism of the lock from shocks, which are very +injurious to it, and which tend to loosen and mar the screws and split +the wood-work. + +The ramrod should not be sprung with unnecessary force, for fear of +injuring the corners of the grooves; and, in stacking arms, care +should be taken not to injure the bayonets by forcibly straining the +edges against each other. + +No cutting, marking, or scraping the wood or iron should be allowed, +and no part of the gun should be touched with a file. Take every +possible care to prevent water from getting between the lock, or +barrel and stock. If any should get there, dismount the gun as soon as +possible, clean and oil the parts as directed, and see that they are +perfectly dry before assembling them. + + +PAINTS AND LACQUERS. + +COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION. + +271. The proportions are given for 100 parts by weight of prepared +colors, when not otherwise designated. + + A gallon of linseed oil weighs 7.5 lbs. + A gallon of spirits of turpentine 7.25 lbs. + A gallon of Japan varnish 7. lbs. + A gallon of sperm oil 7.12 lbs. + A gallon of neatsfoot oil 7.63 lbs. + + +PAINTS AND LACQUERS. + +_Boiled oil._ + + Raw linseed 103. lbs. + Copperas 3.15 lbs. + Litharge 6.3 lbs. + +_Dryings._ + + Mixture of copperas and litharge + taken from the boiled oil 60 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 56 lbs. + Boiled oil 2 lbs. + +_Putty_ (for filling cracks in wood). + + Spanish whiting, pulverized 81.6 lbs. + Boiled oil 20.4 lbs. + +Another kind of putty, for the same purpose, is made by mixing fine +sifted oak sawdust with linseed oil which has been boiled till +glutinous. + + +_White paint._ + + + PROPORTIONS. + For inside work. For outside work. + White-lead, ground in oil 80. lbs. 80 lbs. + Boiled oil 14.5 lbs. 9 lbs. + Raw oil 0. lbs. 9 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 8. lbs. 4 lbs. + +Grind the white-lead in the oil, and add the spirits of turpentine. +New wood-work requires about 1 lb. to the square yard for three +coats. + + +_Lead color._ + + White-lead, ground in oil 75. lbs. + Lampblack 1. lb. + Boiled linseed oil 23. lbs. + Litharge 0.5 lb. + Japan varnish 0.5 lb. + Spirits turpentine 2.5 lbs. + +The lampblack and litharge are ground separately upon the stone, in +oil, then stirred into the white-lead and oil; the turpentine and +varnish are added as the paint is required for use, or when it is +packed in kegs for transportation. + + +_Black paint._ + + Lampblack 28 lbs. + Litharge 1 lb. + Japan varnish 1 lb. + Linseed oil, boiled 73 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 1 lb. + +Grind the lampblack in oil; mix it with the oil, then grind the +litharge in oil and add it, stirring it well into the mixture. The +varnish and turpentine are added last. + +This paint is used for the iron-work of carriages. + + +_Paint for tarpaulins._ + +A square yard takes 2 lbs. for three coats. + +1. Olive.--Liquid olive color 100 lbs. + Beeswax 6 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 6 lbs. + +Dissolve the beeswax in the spirits of turpentine, with a gentle heat, +and mix the paint warm. + +2. Add 12 ounces of beeswax to a gallon of linseed oil, and boil it +two hours; prime the cloth with this mixture, and use the same in +place of _boiled oil_ for mixing the paint. Give two coats of paint. + + +_Lacquers for iron ordnance._ + + 1. Black-lead, pulverized 12 lbs. + Red-lead 12 lbs. + Litharge 5 lbs. + Lampblack 5 lbs. + Linseed oil 66 lbs. + +Boil it gently about twenty minutes, during which time it must be +constantly stirred. + + 2. Umber, ground 3.75 lbs. + Gum-shellac, pulverized 3.75 lbs. + Ivory-black 3.75 lbs. + Litharge 3.75 lbs. + Linseed oil 78. lbs. + Spirits turpentine 7.25 lbs. + +The oil must be first boiled half an hour. The mixture is then boiled +twenty-four hours, poured off from the sediment, put in jugs and +corked. + + 3. Coal tar of good quality 2 galls. + Spirits turpentine 1 pint. + +The turpentine to be added in small quantities during the application +of the lacquer. + + 4. Anti-corrosion 40 lbs. + Grant's black, ground in oil 4 lbs. + Red-lead, as a dryer 3 lbs. + Linseed oil 4 galls. + Spirits turpentine 1 pint. + +This mixture, when well stirred and incorporated, will be fit for use; +but, as by long keeping in this state it becomes hard, no more should +be mixed than may be required for immediate use. + + Anti-Corrosion.--Slag from iron + foundries, pounded 12 lbs. + Chalk 12 lbs. + Soot, common 1 lb. + +In applying lacquer, the surface of the iron must be first cleaned +with a scraper and a wire brush, if necessary, and the lacquer applied +hot, in two thin coats, with a paint-brush. It is best done in summer. + +Old lacquer should be removed with a scraper, or by scouring, and not +by heating the guns or balls, by which the metal is injured. + + +PLANTOU'S COMPOSITION FOR COATING IRON OR WOOD AS A PRESERVATIVE. + +_First composition._ + + Pulverized rosin 3 lbs. + Pulverized shellac 2 oz. + Pulverized charcoal, or cannel-coal 1 lb. + Spirits turpentine 1 oz. + +_Second composition._ + + Pulverized rosin 3 lbs. + Beeswax 4 oz. + Pulverized charcoal, or cannel-coal 1 lb. + Spirits turpentine 1 oz. + +The first two articles are to be dissolved in an iron vessel over the +fire; the charcoal is then added, and briskly stirred until the whole +is well intermixed; after which the turpentine is added, and stirred +until it is well incorporated with the other ingredients. It is not +safely made on board ship. + +The composition is to be applied when hot, with a brush or spatula, +and smoothed over with a hot iron. The wood, or iron should be +perfectly dry, and freed from rust or other loose substances. + + +_Lacquer for small arms, or for water-proof paper._ + + Beeswax 13 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 13 galls. + Boiled linseed oil 1 gall. + +All the ingredients should be pure, and of the best quality. Heat them +together in a copper or earthen vessel, over a gentle fire, in a +water-bath, until they are well mixed. + + +_Lacquer for bright iron-work._ + + Linseed oil, boiled 80.5 lbs. + Litharge 5.5 lbs. + White-lead, ground in oil 11.25 lbs. + Rosin, pulverized 2.75 lbs. + +Add the litharge to the oil, let it simmer over a slow fire for three +hours; strain it, and add the rosin and white-lead; keep it gently +warmed, and stir it until the rosin is dissolved. Apply it with a +paint-brush. + + +_Varnish for scabbards, or patent leather._ + + For 1st and 2d coats.-- + Prussian blue, in lumps 4. lbs. + Sugar-of-lead 0.7 lb. + Aquafortis 0.7 lb. + Linseed oil, boiled 70. lbs. + Spirits turpentine 24.6 lb. + +The ingredients, except the turpentine, are boiled together, in an +iron kettle, eight hours, when the mixture will assume a brilliant +black color. When the varnish is nearly cool, stir in the turpentine. +The kettle in which the varnish is made should be of a capacity to +hold double the quantity of varnish to be boiled. It cannot be safely +made on board ship. + + +_For the third or finishing coat._--COPAL VARNISH. + + Gum-copal, in clear lumps 26.5 lbs. + Boiled linseed oil 42.5 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 31. lbs. + +This varnish is made in a copper vessel, smallest at the top, in the +form of a still. + +Put the copal in the vessel, set it on a charcoal fire for one hour, +in which time it will melt, and all the watery particles will +evaporate. Add the oil whilst the copal is warm, but not boiling hot. +When nearly cool add the turpentine, which will give it a proper +consistency for use. + +For 5 lbs. copal, and the proper proportions of oil and turpentine, +the vessel should hold six gallons. Not safely made on board ship. + +_Japan varnish._ + + Litharge 4 lbs. + Boiled oil 87 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 2 lbs. + Red-lead 6 lbs. + Umber 1 lb. + Gum-shellac 8 lbs. + Sugar-of-lead 2 lbs. + White vitriol 1 lb. + +Japan varnish is generally purchased from the paint-sellers. It is +made by boiling on a slow charcoal fire for five hours all the +ingredients except the turpentine and a small portion of the oil. The +latter is added as required to check the ebullition and to allay the +froth which rises to the surface. It must be continually stirred with +a wooden spatula. Great care is necessary to prevent it from taking +fire, and therefore it cannot be safely made on board ship. + +The turpentine is added after the varnish is nearly cool, and is +stirred well in. The varnish must be kept in tin cans closely corked. + +_Olive paste._ + + Yellow ochre, pulverized 68. lbs. + Lampblack 1.1 lbs. + Boiled oil 37. lbs. + Spirits turpentine 0.4 lb. + +Make a thick paste with the ochre and oil in a paint-pot, and with the +lampblack and oil in another. Grind them together in small portions, +and keep the mixture in a tin vessel. + +_Liquid olive color._ + + Olive paste 61.5 lbs. + Boiled oil 29.5 lbs. + Spirits turpentine 5.5 lbs. + Dryings 3.5 lbs. + Japan varnish 2. lbs. + +Stirred together in a paint-pot. + + +_Brainard's paint._ + +Dissolve 10 pounds of shellac in 10 gallons of boiling water, adding +30 ounces of saleratus. Mix this solution with an equal quantity of +paint prepared in the usual manner. This paint is economical and +durable. + +_Black stain_ (for wood-work). + + Copperas 1 lb. + Nutgalls 1 lb. + Sal ammoniac 1/4 lb. + Vinegar 1 gal. + +Stir it occasionally for a few hours, and it will be ready for use. + +The wood must be clean and smooth, and the cracks filled with black +putty, which must be allowed to dry. The stain to be applied two or +three times, and left to dry for a day or two. Then it is to be rubbed +with boiled oil until sufficiently polished. Until the oil is applied +the color will be bluish. Scraping and staining gun-carriages, or +keeping them bright, is prohibited. They should be kept well painted. + + +_Impression wax for vents._ + + Beeswax 4 parts. + Tallow 2 parts. + Charcoal, finely powdered 1 part. + +Melt the beeswax and tallow, and stir in the charcoal. + + +_Paper parchment._ + +Immerse unsized paper for a few seconds in sulphuric acid, diluted +with half its volume of water at about 60 deg.; wash it well in cold +water, then immerse it in a weak solution of caustic ammonia, and +again wash. + +It absorbs water, and becomes soft and pliable like animal parchment, +but is water-proof. It is not affected by boiling water, is +indestructible by most acids, and is not diminished in strength by +wetting. It has about 2/3 the strength of animal parchment when dry; +the thinner kinds make capital tracing-paper, which takes ink readily. + + +_Cement for the above._ + + Cheese--fresh, without salt, if possible 3 parts. + Quicklime 1 part. + +Wash the cheese thoroughly three or four times in boiling water, and +grind the materials on a stone and muller, adding cold water until it +is of the consistency of honey. + + +_Composition for lining the interior of rifle-shells._ + + Soap--common yellow, not salt-water soap 16 ounces. + Tallow 7 ounces. + Rosin 7 ounces. + +The tallow should be melted first, then melt and add the rosin, and +lastly the soap, bringing the mass to a heat that will make it _very_ +fluid. + +The shells having been first thoroughly cleaned, fill them about +one-third full of the composition, roll them slowly so as to spread +the mixture over the whole interior surface, and then pour off the +residue. This coating should be about one-tenth (0.1) of an inch in +thickness, except at the bottom of the shell, where it should be about +three-quarters of an inch thick. To obtain these thicknesses, the +operation of coating should be performed twice; then pour into the +shell enough of the composition to produce the desired thickness at +the bottom, the shell standing on its base. After the composition is +perfectly cool, immerse the shell in hot water at as high a +temperature as the composition will stand without "running"--about 170 +degrees. This second heating of the composition in the bath toughens +it, and causes it to adhere more closely to the shell. + + + + +APPENDIX. + + +A. ALLOWANCE TABLE OF CREWS. + +B. TABLES OF GUNNERY PRACTICE. + +C. FORMS OF REPORTS OF INSPECTION AND OF TARGET PRACTICE. + +D. TABLES OF ALLOWANCES OF ORDNANCE STORES. + + + + +APPENDIX A. + +ALLOWANCE OF CREWS: + + +_Embracing Officers and all others to be allowed each Vessel of the +Navy, whatever may be her class, kind, or armament._ + +The number of men assigned in each case will be found adequate to man +properly the battery, and also the Powder Division, together with the +divisions of the Master and Surgeon. + + +DIRECTIONS. + +1. Take from Table I., columns 3 or 4 (either or both, as the case may +happen to require), the number of hands designated for each kind or +class of gun the vessel may carry, and multiply these figures +respectively by the number of guns of each kind to which they refer. +In this way is to be obtained the aggregate number of hands necessary +to man properly the battery itself. Call the result A.[1] + +2. Then, in order to get at the additional number of hands necessary +to man properly the powder division and the divisions of the Master +and Surgeon, which additional number is to be called B, multiply A by +the decimal-- + +SAILING VESSELS. + .25 for a sailing vessel carrying on 3 decks from 74 to 90 guns. + .29 for a sailing vessel carrying on 2 decks from 36 to 60 guns. + .34 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 or 2 decks from 20 to 26 + guns. + .36 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 16 to 20 guns + medium of calibre. + .60 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 14 to 18 guns + light of calibre. + .34 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 9 to 7 guns + heaviest of calibre. + .40 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 6 to 5 guns + heaviest of calibre. + .50 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 4 to 3 guns + heaviest of calibre. + .70 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 2 to 1 guns + heaviest of calibre. +STEAMERS. + .25 for a steamer carrying on 2 decks from 36 to 60 guns, with + broadside-guns on upper deck lighter than those on the other. + .22 for a steamer carrying on 2 decks from 36 to 60 guns, with + broadside-guns on upper deck as heavy as those on the other. + .34 for all other steamers, including iron-clads. + +In the case of a sailing vessel, _about_ one-third of B will be the +proportion of hands to be taken for the Master's division, and the +rest, less those for the Surgeon's division (which is to be composed +of the surgeon's steward and the nurses allowed), will be the number +for the powder division. + +And, too, in the case of a steamer of any kind, _about_ one-third of B +will also be the proportion of hands to be taken for the Master's +division; but the rest, less those just mentioned for the Surgeon's +division, is to be increased by one-third of the number of firemen and +coal-heavers allowed, to constitute the powder division. + +It is to be borne in mind that the powder division is always to +command a preference over the master's, on the score of being +sufficiently manned. + +3. Add A and B together, and call their sum C. + +4. To ascertain how many of the whole number of C are to be petty +officers, &c., consult Table II. + +5. One-sixth part of the whole number of C will give the number of +seamen. + +6. One-fourth part of the whole number of C will give the number of +ordinary seamen. + +7. One-fortieth part of the whole number of C will give the number of +musicians (exclusive of the master of the band), when musicians are +allowed, which is to be only to ships-of-the-line, frigates, and flag +vessels having a totality of crew amounting to not less than 350 +souls.[2] + +8. The total number of petty officers, &c., seamen, ordinary seamen, +and musicians, deducted from the whole number of C, will give the +number of landsmen and boys. + +9. The number of hands, in addition to the whole number of C, to serve +as firemen and coal-heavers, when these are required, is to be +ascertained by the annexed rule relating to the subject. + +10. For the number and grades of officers, consult Table III. + +11. For the number and grades of marines, consult Table IV. + +12. An admiral of any grade, when appointed as the commander-in-chief +of a fleet or squadron, is authorized to nominate to the Navy +Department an officer not below the grade of a commander to serve as +the head of his staff, or as the captain of the fleet, and to be borne +on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her +established complement. + +13. Every officer appointed to the command of a fleet or squadron is +authorized to nominate to the Navy Department an officer not higher in +grade than a lieutenant, nor lower than an ensign, to serve as his +flag lieutenant, or aid, and to be borne on the books of the vessel +carrying his flag or broad pennant in addition to her established +complement. + +14. An admiral of any grade, appointed the commander-in-chief of a +fleet or squadron, is to be allowed two seamen and two ordinary +seamen, to be borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in +addition to her established complement. + +15. Every other officer appointed to the command of a fleet or +squadron is to be allowed one seaman and two ordinary seamen, to be +borne on the books of the vessel carrying his broad pennant in +addition to her established complement. + +16. The number of men in any rating, as above directed, is not to be +exceeded, in any case, without the authority of the Secretary of the +Navy, unless it be to make good deficiencies in superior ratings; and +vessels, in time of peace, when otherwise ready for sea, are not to +be detained on account of deficiencies in their complements, if the +whole number of petty officers and persons of inferior rating be equal +to nine-tenths of the number allowed as their crews. + +17. The total number of a crew, as allowed above, is never to be +exceeded without the express direction or sanction of the Secretary of +the Navy. + +18. Complements will be designated by the Navy Department for +receiving vessels, practice vessels, apprentice vessels, store and +supply vessels, and for any others intended for special or peculiar +service. + +TABLE I. + +SHOWING THE NUMBER OF HANDS (_powder-man or boy included_) APPLICABLE +TO VARIOUS KINDS OF GUNS IN USE, TO SERVE AS A BASIS TO DETERMINE THE +NUMBER TO COMPOSE A VESSEL'S CREW, EXCLUSIVE OF OFFICERS, MARINES, +FIREMEN, AND COAL-HEAVERS. + +KEY: +A: KIND OR CLASS OF GUN. +B: WEIGHT OF GUN, IN POUNDS, OR CWT., WHEN SO EXPRESSED. +C: Gun, when a pivot, or used singly. +D: Gun of both broadsides. + +-------------+-------------------+---------------------------+-------------+ + | | |NUMBER OF | + | | |HANDS FOR | + | | |EACH-- | + | | +------+------+ + A | B | NOTICES. | C | D | +-------------+-------------------+ +------+------+ + Col. | Col. | | Col. | Col. | + 1 | 2. | | 3. | 4. | +-------------+-------------------+---------------------------+------+------+ + | {|In turrets of an iron-clad,|} | | +XV-inch | 42,000 {|and on carriage requiring |} 20 *| | +XI-inch or | {|but ten hands for a XV-inch|} | | + 150-pounder | 16,000 to 17,000 {|and seven for an XI-inch, |} 14 *| | + | {|powdermen included. |} | | + | | | | | +XI-inch or | |Elsewhere than in said | | | + 150-pounder | 16,000 to 17,000 | turrets. | 25 | 12.5 | +X-inch or | | | | | + 64-pounder | 12,000 | | 21 | 10.5 | +IX-inch or | | | | | + 100-pounder | 9,000 to 10,000 | | 17 | 8.5 | +60-pounder | 5,000 | | 11 | 5.5 | +30-pounder | | | | | + rifle | 3,000 to 4,000 | | 9 | 4.5 | +20-pounder | | | | | + rifle | 1,600 to 2,000 | | 7 | 3.5 | +8-inch |63 cwt. |On lower deck of | | | + | | ship-of-the-line. | 17 | 8.5 | +8-inch |63 " |Elsewhere than on said | | | + | | deck. | 15 | 7.5 | +8-inch |56 " or 6,500 lbs.| | 13 | 6.5 | +32-pounder |57 " |On lower deck of | | | + | | ship-of-the-line. | 15 | 7.5 | +32-pounder |57 " |Elsewhere than on | | | + | | said deck. | 13 | 6.5 | +32-pounder |42 " or 4,500 lbs.| | 11 | 5.5 | +32-pounder |33 " | | 9 | 4.5 | +32-pounder |27 " | | 7 | 3.5 | +24-pounder | | | | | + howitzer | 1,300 to 1,400 | | 7 | 3.5 | +12-pounder | | | | | + howitzer | 700 to 800 | | 5 | 2.5 | +-------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+------+ +NOTE *: These numbers, 20 and 14, give, intentionally, double crews. + + +TABLE II + +_Allowance of Petty Officers, and also of others_ NOT _Seamen, +Ordinary Seamen, Landsmen, Boys, Firemen, Coal-heavers, nor Musicians, +other than Master of the Band, for Sailing Vessels and Steamers of +every description, including Iron-clads, when the amount of C is_-- + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | THAN 175 | + RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 760 | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Chief Boatswain's Mate | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Boatswain's Mate in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Boatswain's Mates | 5 | .. | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Chief Gunner's Mates | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Gunner's Mates in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Gunner's Mates | 3 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Chief Quartermasters | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Quartermasters | 9 | .. | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | +Coxswains | 10 | .. | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | +Captains of Forecastle | 4 | .. | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Captains of Tops | 8 | .. | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | +Captains of After-Guard | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Quarter Gunners | 18 | .. | 12 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | +Carpenter's Mates | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Sailmaker's Mates | 2 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Painters--1st class | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Painters--2d class | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Coopers | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Armorers | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Armorer's Mates | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | +Captains of Hold | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Ship's Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Bakers | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Yeomen | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Master-at-Arms | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Surgeon's Steward in charge |When there is no Medical Officer provided, | + | the Surgeon's Steward allowed is to become| + | the Surgeon's Steward in charge. | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | THAN 40 | + RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 175 | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Chief Boatswain's Mate | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Boatswain's Mate in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Boatswain's Mates | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Chief Gunner's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Gunner's Mates in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Gunner's Mates | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Chief Quartermasters | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Quartermasters | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | +Coxswains | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | +Captains of Forecastle | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | .. | +Captains of Tops | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 1 | .. | +Captains of After-Guard | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Quarter Gunners | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Carpenter's Mates | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Sailmaker's Mates | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Painters--1st class | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Painters--2d class | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Coopers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Armorers | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Armorer's Mates | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Captains of Hold | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ship's Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Bakers | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Yeomen | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Master-at-Arms | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Surgeon's Steward in charge |When there is no Medical Officer provided, | + | the Surgeon's Steward allowed is to become| + | the Surgeon's Steward in charge. | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 25 | THAN 12 | + RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 40 | THAN 25 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 9 | Col. 10 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ +Chief Boatswain's Mate | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Boatswain's Mate in charge | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Boatswain's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Chief Gunner's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Gunner's Mates in charge | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Gunner's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Chief Quartermasters | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Quartermasters | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | +Coxswains | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Captains of Forecastle | 1 | .. | .. | .. | +Captains of Tops | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Captains of After-Guard | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Quarter Gunners | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Carpenter's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Sailmaker's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Painters--1st class | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Painters--2d class | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Coopers | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Armorers | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Armorer's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Captains of Hold | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Ship's Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Bakers | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Yeomen | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Master-at-Arms | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Surgeon's Steward in charge |When there is no | + |Medical Officer | + |provided, the | + |Surgeon's Steward | + |allowed is to become | + |the Surgeon's Steward| + |in charge. | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ + + +TABLE II.--Continued. + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | THAN 175 | + RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 760 | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Surgeon's Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Paymaster's Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Schoolmasters | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ship's Writers | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ship's Corporals | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | +Masters of the Band | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 |and one to every | + | | | | |other vessel allowed | + | | | | |a band. | +Coxswains to | One of each to be borne on the books of | + Commander-in-Chief |the vessel carrying his flag in | + |addition to her compliment. | + | | + | | +Stewards to | One of each to be borne on the books of | + Commander-in-Chief |the vessel carrying his flag in | + |addition to her compliment. | + | | + | | +Cooks to | One of each to be borne on the books of | + Commander-in-Chief |the vessel carrying his flag in | + |addition to her compliment. | + | | + | | +Cabin Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Cabin Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ward-Room Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ward-Room Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Steerage Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Steerage Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Foreward Officer's Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Foreward Officer's Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Carpenters, including | | | | | | | | | + Caulkers | 12 | .. | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | +Nurses | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + TOTAL |107 | .. | 88 | 88 | 68 | 67 | 58 | 56 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + NOTE.--Those rankings marked * are _not_ Petty Officers. + Iron-clads without spars not to be allowed any Captains of Tops. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | THAN 40 | + RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 175 | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Surgeon's Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Paymaster's Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Schoolmasters | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ship's Writers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ship's Corporals | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | +Masters of the Band |and one to every | + |other vessel allowed | + |a band. | +Coxswains to |One of each to be borne on the books of | + Commander-in-Chief | the vessel carrying his flag in | + | addition to her compliment. | + | | + | | +Coxswains to |One of each to be borne on the books of | + Commander-in-Chief | the vessel carrying his flag in | + | addition to her compliment. | + | | + | | +Coxswains to |One of each to be borne on the books of | + Commander-in-Chief | the vessel carrying his flag in | + | addition to her compliment. | + | | + | | +Cabin Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Cabin Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ward-Room Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ward-Room Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Steerage Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Steerage Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +*Foreward Officer's Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +*Foreward Officer's Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +*Carpenters, including | | | | | | | | | + Caulkers | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | +Nurses | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + TOTAL | 51 | 47 | 44 | 41 | 38 | 36 | 30 | 28 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + NOTE.--Those rankings marked * are _not_ Petty Officers. + Iron-clads without spars not to be allowed any Captains of Tops. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 25 | THAN 12 | + RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 40 | THAN 25 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 9 | Col. 10 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ +Surgeon's Stewards | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Paymaster's Stewards | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Schoolmasters | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Ship's Writers | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Ship's Corporals | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Masters of the Band |and one to every | + |other vessel allowed | + |a band. | +Coxswains to |One of each to be | + Commander-in-Chief |borne on the books of| + |the vessel carrying | + |his flag in addition | + |to her compliment. | +Coxswains to |One of each to be | + Commander-in-Chief |borne on the books of| + |the vessel carrying | + |his flag in addition | + |to her compliment. | +Coxswains to |One of each to be | + Commander-in-Chief |borne on the books of| + |the vessel carrying | + |his flag in addition | + |to her compliment. | +Cabin Stewards | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Cabin Cooks | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Ward-Room Stewards | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Ward-Room Cooks | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +*Steerage Stewards | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | +*Steerage Cooks | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | +*Foreward Officer's Stewards | .. | .. | .. | .. | +*Foreward Officer's Cooks | .. | .. | .. | .. | +*Carpenters, including | | | | | + Caulkers | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Nurses | .. | .. | .. | .. | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ + TOTAL | 15 | 14 | 5 | 5 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ + NOTE.--Those rankings marked * are _not_ Petty | + Officers. Iron-clads without spars not to | + be allowed any Captains of Tops. | +---------------------------------------------------+ + + +TABLE III. + +_Allowance of Officers when the amount of C is_-- + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | THAN 175 | + GRADES. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 760 | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Commodore | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Captain | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | +Commander | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | +Lieut.-Commander | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Lieutenant | 2 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Master | 3 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ensign | 3 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Midshipman | 12 | .. | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | +Surgeon | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Assistant Surgeons | 3 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | +Paymaster | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Assistant Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Chaplain | One to each Flagship. | | | | +Boatswain | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Gunner | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Carpenter | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Sailmaker | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Chief Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | +1st Assistant Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | +2d Assistant Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | +3d Assistant Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 3 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | +Secretary | One for each Commander of a Squadron. | +Clerk to Commanding Officer | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Clerk to Paymaster | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Master's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + TOTAL | 33 | .. | 25 | 33 | 22 | 29 | 19 | 26 | + | to | | to | to | to | to | | | + | 35 | | 27 | 35 | 24 | 31 | | | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | THAN 40 | + GRADES. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 175 | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Commodore | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Captain | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Commander | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | +Lieut.-Commander | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | +Lieutenant | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | +Master | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Ensign | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | +Midshipman | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Surgeon | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Assistant Surgeons | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Paymaster | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Assistant Paymaster | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Chaplain | | | | | | | | | +Boatswain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Gunner | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Carpenter | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Sailmaker | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Chief Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +1st Assistant Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | 2 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | +2d Assistant Engineer | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | +3d Assistant Engineer | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | +Secretary | | | | | | | | | +Clerk to Commanding Officer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Clerk to Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Master's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + TOTAL | 18 | 24 | 17 | 23 | 12 | 17 | 11 | 16 | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + +-----------------------------+----------+----------+ + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 25 | THAN 12 | + GRADES. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 40 | THAN 25 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 9 | Col. 10 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Tugs.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ +Commodore | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Captain | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Commander | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Lieut.-Commander | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Lieutenant | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Master | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | +Ensign | 3 | 3 | 1 | .. | +Midshipman | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Surgeon | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Assistant Surgeons | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Assistant Paymaster | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Chaplain | | | | | +Boatswain | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Gunner | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Carpenter | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Sailmaker | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Chief Engineer | .. | .. | .. | .. | +1st Assistant Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | .. | +2d Assistant Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | +3d Assistant Engineer | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | +Secretary | | | | | +Clerk to Commanding Officer | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | +Clerk to Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. | +Master's Mates | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ + TOTAL | 10 | 14 | 2 | 5 | + | | | | | + | | | | | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+ + +NOTE.--Iron-clads without Spars are not to be allowed either Boatswains + or Sailmakers. + No Paymaster or Assistant Paymaster shall be allowed a clerk in a + vessel having the complement of one hundred and seventy-five + persons or less, excepting in supply steamers and store vessels. + + +TABLE IV. + +_Allowance of Marines when the amount of C is_-- + + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | THAN 175 | + GRADES. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 760 | THAN 570 | THAN 375 | THAN 225 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Captain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | | | +Lieutenants | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Sergeants | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Corporals | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | +Drummers | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Pipers | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +Privates | 50 | 50 | 40 | 40 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 20 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +TOTAL | 64 | 64 | 51 | 51 | 39 | 39 | 28 | 28 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + + | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | NOT LESS | + | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | THAN 40 | + GRADES. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | NOR MORE | + | THAN 175 | THAN 100 | THAN 80 | THAN 60 | +-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 | +STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + |S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.| +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +Captain | | | | | | | | | +Lieutenants | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | +Sergeants | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | +Corporals | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | +Drummers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | +Pipers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | +Privates | 16 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ +TOTAL | 23 | 23 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 11 | 11 | +-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] NOTE 1.--Howitzers, when not really essentials of a battery, but +intended rather as appendages to it for boat and field service, and for +particular occasions, than to be used as commonly as the other guns of the +vessel in general exercises, or in an engagement, are _not_ to be included +in applying these directions. The marines and available hands of the +master's division are to be kept drilled to them, for the purpose of +clearing the deck of an enemy. + +[2] NOTE 2.--If the number of musicians thus derived be even, one-half of +them are to be of the first class, and one-half of the second class; +otherwise, the bare majority are to be of the first class, and the rest of +the second. + + + + +APPENDIX B.--No. I. + + + GRADUATION OF SIGHTS AND MEAN RANGES + OF + UNITED STATES NAVAL SMOOTH-BORE GUNS. + +(_From Results of Practice, by Admiral_ DAHLGREN, _United States +Navy._) + + +The graduation commences from the bottom of the head of the bar +resting on the sight-box. + +The aim is supposed to be taken at the water-line of a ship. + +---------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+ + | 32-POUNDER OF 27 CWT. | 32-POUNDER OF 33 CWT. | + +-------------------------+-----------------------+ +Charge | 4 lbs. | 4-1/2 lbs. | + | | | +Axis of bore above | | | + load-line | 7 feet. | 7-1/2 feet. | + | | | +Distance between | Old Model. | New Model. | | + sights | 29-1/4 | 26-3/4 | | + | inches. | inches. | 31 inches. | +----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+ +ELEVATION.| RANGE. |GRADUATION. |GRADUATION. | RANGE. |GRADUATION.| +----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+ +Degrees. | Yards. | Inches. | Inches. | Yards. | Inches. | +Level. | 250 | 0.353 | 0.324 | 287 | 0.350 | + 1 deg. | 545 | 0.746 | 0.684 | 581 | 0.792 | + 2 deg. | 800 | 1.266 | 1.161 | 857 | 1.343 | + 3 deg. | 1,047 | 1.801 | 1.652 | 1,140 | 1.909 | + 4 deg. | 1,278 | 2.337 | 2.144 | 1,398 | 2.478 | + 5 deg. | 1,469 | 2.870 | 2.633 | 1,598 | 3.044 | + 6 deg. | 1,637 | 3.398 | 3.116 | ... | ... | +----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+ + + +APPENDIX B.--No. II. + +---------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+ + | 32-POUNDER OF 42 CWT. | 32-POUNDER OF 57 CWT. | + +-------------------------+-----------------------+ +Charge | 6 lbs. | 9 lbs. | + | | | +Axis of bore above | | | + load-line | 7-1/2 feet. | 8 feet. | + | | | +Distance between | Old Model. | New Model. | | + sights. |40.5 inches.|37.1 inches.| 42.5 inches. | +----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+ +ELEVATION.| RANGE. |GRADUATION. |GRADUATION. | RANGE. |GRADUATION.| +----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+ +Degrees. | Yards. | Inches. | Inches. | Yards. | Inches. | +Level. | 313 | 0.446 | 0.408 | 360 | 0.412 | + 1 deg. | 672 | 1.016 | 0.931 | 760 | 1.042 | + 2 deg. | 988 | 1.742 | 1.596 | 1,150 | 1.808 | + 3 deg. | 1,274 | 2.488 | 2.280 | 1,440 | 2.597 | + 4 deg. | 1,505 | 3.235 | 2.964 | 1,710 | 3.384 | + 5 deg. | 1,756 | 3.974 | 3.641 | 1,930 | 4.162 | + 6 deg. | ... | ... | ... | 2,140 | 4.930 | +----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+ + + +APPENDIX B.--No. III. + +-----------------------------------++-------------------------------------+ +8-INCH OF 55 CWT. || 8-INCH OF 63 CWT. | +-----------------------------------++-------------------------------------+ +Charge ... 7 lbs. || 9 lbs. | + || | +Shell ... 51-1/2 lbs. || 51-1/2 lbs. | + || | +Axis of bore above || | + load-line ... 7-1/2 feet.|| 8 feet. | + || | +Distance between || |Old Model. | New Model. | + sights ... 37 inches || |43.50 inches.| 38.20 inches.| +-----------------------------------++--------+-------------+--------------+ +ELEVATION. | RANGE. |GRADUATION. || RANGE. | GRADUATION. | GRADUATION. | +-----------------------------------++--------+-------------+--------------+ + Degrees. | Yards. | Inches. || Yards. | Inches. | Inches. | + Level. | 283 | 0.429 || 330 | 0.460 | 0.402 | + 1 deg. | 579 | 0.949 || 660 | 1.100 | 0.964 | + 2 deg. | 869 | 1.603 || 970 | 1.878 | 1.647 | + 3 deg. | 1,148 | 2.280 || 1,260 | 2.678 | 2.350 | + 4 deg. | 1,413 | 2.958 || 1,540 | 3.478 | 3.051 | + 5 deg. | 1,657 | 3.632 || 1,770 | 4.273 | 3.749 | + 6 deg. | 1,866 | 4.300 || ... | ... | ... | +-----------------------------------++-------------------------------------+ + + +APPENDIX B.--No. IV. + +------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ + | IX-INCH | XI-INCH | XI-INCH | + | SHELL-GUN. | SHELL-GUN. | SHELL-GUN. | +------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ + | | | | +Charge |10 lbs. |15 lbs. |15 lbs. | + | | | | +Shell |72 lbs. |135 lbs. |135 lbs. | + | | | | +Axis of bore |10 feet. |10 feet. |20 feet. | + above load-line | | | | + | |[Screw-sloops.] |[2d deck above | + | | | water.] | +Distance | | | | + between sights |39 inches. |48 inches. |48 inches. | + | | | | +------------------+-------+----------+-------+----------+-------+----------+ +ELEVATION |RANGE |GRADUATION|RANGE |GRADUATION|RANGE |GRADUATION| +------------------+-------+----------+-------+----------+-------+----------+ +Degrees. | Yards.| Inches. | Yards.| Inches. | Yards.| Inches. | +Level. | 340 | 0.461 | 306 | 0.600 | 420 | 0.87 | + ... | 700 | 0.983 | 500 | 0.945 | 700 | 1.48 | + ... | 900 | 1.514 | 700 | 1.442 | 900 | 2.01 | + ... | 1,100 | 2.073 | 900 | 2.040 | 1,100 | 2.62 | + ... | 1,300 | 2.646 | 1,100 | 2.651 | 1,300 | 3.25 | + ... | 1,500 | 3.222 | 1,300 | 3.295 | 1,500 | 4.92 | + ... | 1,700 | 3.813 | 1,500 | 3.953 | ... | ... | + ... | ... | ... | 1,700 | 4.681 | ... | ... | +------------------+-------+----------+-------+----------+-------+----------+ + + +APPENDIX B.--No. V.--_Approximate Ranges of Shell-Guns._ + +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----------------------+ + | | | | | ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | | | | | RANGES IN YARDS. | + | | | | | TIME OF FLIGHT IN | + | | | | | SECONDS. | + CLASS | | WEIGHT | |HEIGHT+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + OF | KIND OF | OF |CHARGE,|ABOVE |P.B. | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE.|PROJECTILE.| lbs. |PLANE.|or 0 deg.| 1 deg. | 2 deg. | 3 deg. | +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +XV-inch |Cored shot | 400 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shell | 350 | 35 | ... | 300| 620| 920|1,200| + | | | | | | | 1.9 | 3.7 | +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +XI-inch | Shell | 136 | 15 | 10 | 306| 631| 918|1,208| + | | | | | .84| 1.72| 2.8 | 3.88| + | Shell | 136 | 15 | 20 | 421| 679| 992|1,257| + | | | | | 1.16| 1.96| 3. | 3.94| + | Shell | 136 | 20 | 10 | 410| 665|1,000|1,340| + | | | | | | 1.9 | | 4.1 | + | Shrapnel | 141 | 15 | 10 | 295| 620| 910|1,200| + | | | | | .8 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 3.7 | +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +X-inch | Shell | 103 | 12-1/2| 11 | 340| 705| 970|1,230| + | | | | | .1 | 2. | 2.9 | 3.9 | + | Shrapnel | 101 | 12-1/2| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +IX-inch | Shell | 72-1/2 | 10 |10-3/4| 332| 718| 962|1,218| + | | | | | .9 | 1.96| 3. | 4. | + | Shell | 72-1/2 | 13 | ... | 350| 740| 980|1,275| + | | | | | .1 | 2.08| 2.84| 4.04| + | Shrapnel | 75 | 10 | ... | 332| 718| 960|1,215| + | | | | | .8 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 4. | +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +8-inch, | Shell | 51-1/2 | 9 | 8 | 330| 660| 970|1,260| +63-cwt. | | | | | .8 | 1.89| 3.07| 4.34| + | Shrapnel | 52 | 9 | ... | 340| 670| 980|1,270| + | | | | | .9 | 1.8 | 3. | 4.2 | +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +8-inch, | Shell | 51-1/2 | 7 | 7-1/2| 283| 579| 869|1,148| +55-cwt. | | | | | .8 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 3.75| +and | Shrapnel | 52 | 7 | ... | 290| 590| 880|1,160| +of 6,500 lbs| | | | | .8 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 3.9 | +------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+ + | | ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | | RANGES IN YARDS. | + | | TIME OF FLIGHT IN SECONDS. | + | | | + CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + OF | KIND OF | | | | | | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE.| 4 deg. | 5 deg. | 6 deg. | 7 deg. | 8 deg. | 9 deg. | 10 deg. | 11 deg. | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +XV-inch |Cored shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shell |1,470|1,700|1,900|2,100| ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.3 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 7.7 | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +XI-inch | Shell |1,472|1,712|1,914|2,105|2,300|2,500|2,687|2,870| + | | 4.9 | 5.81| 6.74| | | |10.2 |11.70| + | Shell |1,524|1,757|1,950|2,140| ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.99| 6.04| | | | | | | + | Shell |1,660|1,975|2,255|2,490|2,690|2,870|3,025|3,170| + | | | | | 8.6 | |10.2 | |11.8 | + | Shrapnel |1,465|1,710| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.7 | 5.6 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +X-inch | Shell |1,490|1,740|1,960|2,210|2,430|2,640|2,840|3,000| + | | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | | 8.5 | |10.1 | | + | Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +IX-inch | Shell |1,471|1,710|1,933|2,133|2,314|2,484|2,644|2,788| + | | 5.1 | 5.96| | 8. | | 8.6 |11.5 |12.9 | + | Shell |1,520|1,750|1,980|2,200|2,395|2,580|2,750|2,910| + | | 5.20| 6.24| 7.16| 8.36| | | | | + | Shrapnel |1,470|1,690| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 5. | 5.9 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +8-inch, | Shell |1,540|1,770| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +63-cwt | | 5.32| 6.32| | | | | | | + | Shrapnel |1,550|1,775| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 5.2 | 6.2 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +8-inch, | Shell |1,413|1,657|1,866| ... |2,315| ... |2,600| ... | +55-cwt. | | 4.78| 5.82| 6.90| | | | 9.70| | +and | Shrapnel |1,420|1,660| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 6,500 lbs| | 4.9 | 5.8 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +------------+-----------+-----------------------+ + | | ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | | RANGES IN YARDS. | + | | TIME OF FLIGHT IN | + | | SECONDS. | + CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+ + OF | KIND OF | | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE.| 12 deg. | 13 deg. | 14 deg. | 15 deg. | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +XV-inch |Cored shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +XI-inch | Shell |3,022|3,160|3,300|3,400| + | |12.15| | | | + | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | + | Shell |3,305|3,435|3,550|3,650| + | | |14. | |16.5 | + | Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +X-inch | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | + | Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +IX-inch | Shell |2,927|3,045|3,190|3,357| + | | |13.5 | |14.7 | + | Shell |3,055|3,190|3,320|3,450| + | | | | | | + | Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +8-inch, | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | +63-cwt. | | | | | | + | Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +8-inch, | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | +55-cwt. | | | | | | +and | Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 6,500 lbs| | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + + +APPENDIX B.--No. VI.--_Approximate Ranges of Shot-Guns and Howitzers._ + +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----------------------+ + | | | | |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | | | | |RANGES IN YARDS. | + | | | | |TIME OF FLIGHT IN | + | | | | |SECONDS. | + CLASS | | WEIGHT | |HEIGHT+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + OF | KIND OF | OF |CHARGE|ABOVE |P.B. | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE |PROJECTILE| |PLANE.|or 0 deg.| 1 deg. | 2 deg. | 3 deg. | +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. | Shot | 32 | 9 | 8 | 360 | 760 |1,150|1,440| +of | | | | | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 4.3 | +57 cwt. | Shell | 26 | 6 | ... | 370 | 780 |1,090|1,360| + | | | | | 1.04| 2.00| 3.14| 4.20| + |Shrapnel | 32 | 9 | ... | 360 | 760 |1,150|1.440| + | | | | | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 4.3 | +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot | 32 | 6 | 7-1/2| 313 | 672 | 988 |1,274| +of 42 cwt. | | | | | .90 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | +and of |Shell | 26 | 6 | ... | 330 | 710 |1,012|1,270| +4,500 lbs. | | | | | .90 | 1.90| 3.05| 4.15| + |Shrapnel | 32 | 6 | ... | 313 | 672 | 988 |1,274| + | | | | | .8 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 | +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot | 32 | 4-1/2| 7-1/2| 287 | 581 | 857 |1,140| +of 33 cwt. |Shot | 32 | 4-1/2|15-1/3| 366 | 655 | 929 |1,152| + | | | | | 1.1 | 2. | 2.9 | 3.9 | + |Shell | 26 | 4-1/2| 7-1/2| 295 | 660 | 952 |1,205| + | | | | | .90 | 1.85| 2.85| 3.85| + |Shrapnel | 32 | 4-1/2| 7-1/2| 297 | 581 | 857 |1,140| + | | | | | 1. | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.8 | +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot | 32 | 4 | 7 | 250 | 545 | 800 |1.047| +of 27 cwt. | | | | | .7 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.7 | + |Shell | 26 | 4 | ... | 320 | 660 | 920 |1,120| + | | | | | 1. | 1.95| 2.90| 3.85| + |Shrapnel | 32 | 4 | ... | 250 | 545 | 800 |1,047| + | | | | | .7 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.7 | +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +24-pdr. |Shell | 20 | 2 | 7 | 280 | 590 | 810 | 980 | +howitzer. | | | | | .90 | 1.80| 2.75| 3.65| + |Shrapnel | 26 | 2 | ... | 255 | 555 | 790 | 960 | + | | | | | .96 | 1.92| 2.87| 3.80| +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +12-pdr. |Shell | 10 | 1 | 7 | 270 | 516 | 730 | 875 | +heavy | | | | | 1.0 | 1.65| 2.35| 3.1 | +howitzer. |Shrapnel | 13 | 1 | ... | 250 | 500 | 700 | 870 | + | | | | | 1. | 1.9 | 2.8 | 3.7 | +------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+ + | |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | |RANGES IN YARDS. | + | |TIME OF FLIGHT IN | + | |SECONDS. | + CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + OF | KIND OF | | | | | | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE | 4 deg. | 5 deg. | 6 deg. | 7 deg. | 8 deg. | 9 deg. | 10 deg. | 11 deg. | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. | Shot |1,710|1,930|2,140|2,310|2,460|2,610|2,731| ... | +of | | 5.3 | 6.6 | 7.7 | | | | 10.7| | +57 cwt. | Shell |1,620|1,850| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 5.30| 6.40| | | | | | | + |Shrapnel |1,710|1,930| ... | ... | ... | ... |2,619| ... | + | | 5.3 | 6.6 | | | | | 10.8| | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot |1,505|1,756| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 42 cwt. | | 5.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | | +and of |Shell |1,495|1,710| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +4,500 lbs. | | 5.32| 6.50| | | | | | | + |Shrapnel |1,505|1,756| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.8 | 5.8 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot |1,398|1,598| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 33 cwt. | |1,385| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shot | 4.9 | | | | | | | | + | |1,435|1,648| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shell | 4.90| 6.00| | | | | | | + | |1,398|1,598| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shrapnel | 4.9 | 6. | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot |1,278|1,469|1,637| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 27 cwt. | | 4.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | | | | | | + |Shell |1,300|1,460|1,610| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.80| 5.75| 6.7 | | | | | | + |Shrapnel |1,278|1,469|1,637| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +24-pdr. |Shell |1,125|1,270| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +howitzer. | | 4.63| 5.68| | | | | | | + |Shrapnel |1.140|1,308| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.75| 5.70| | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +12-pdr. |Shell | 990 |1,085| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +heavy | | 3.9 | 4.8 | | | | | | | +howitzer. |Shrapnel |1,015|1,150| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 4.6 | 5.4 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +------------+-----------+-----------------------+ + | |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | |RANGES IN YARDS. | + | |TIME OF FLIGHT IN | + | |SECONDS. | + CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+ + OF | KIND OF | | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE | 12 deg. | 13 deg. | 14 deg. | 15 deg. | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. | Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of | | | | | | +57 cwt. | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 42 cwt. | | | | | | +and of |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | +4,500 lbs. | | | | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 33 cwt. | | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shot | | | | | + | | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shell | | | | | + | | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shrapnel | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +32-pdr. |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | +of 27 cwt. | | | | | | + |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +24-pdr. |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | +howitzer. | | | | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +12-pdr. |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | +heavy | | | | | | +howitzer. |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + + +APPENDIX B.--No. VII.--_Approximate Ranges of Rifle-Guns._ + +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----------------------+ + | | | | |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | | | | |RANGES IN YARDS. | + | | | | |TIME OF FLIGHT IN | + | | | | |SECONDS. | + CLASS | | WEIGHT | |HEIGHT+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + OF | KIND OF | OF |CHARGE,|ABOVE |P.B. | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE |PROJECTILE| lbs. |PLANE.|or 0 deg.| 1 deg. | 2 deg. | 3 deg. | +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + | | |No. 7 | | | | | | +Parrott-- |Solid shot | 100 | 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +100-pounder | | | | | | | | | + |Hollow shot| 80 | 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | | | | + |Long shot | 100 | 10 | ... | ... | 500 | 920 |1,400| + | | | | | | | |4-1/4| + |Short shot | 80 | 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +Parrott-- |Shot | 60 | 6 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +60-pounder |Shell | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | Can. | | | | | | +Parrott-- |Shell | 29 | 3-1/4 | ... | ... | 660 |1,100|1,500| +30-pounder | | | | | | | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | Can. | | | | | | +Parrott-- |Shell | 19 | 2 | ... | ... | 600 |1,020|1,365| +20-pounder | | | Can. | | | | | | + |Shrapnel | 20 | 2 | ... | ... | 620 | 950| ... | + | | | Can. | | |1-7/8|3-1/8| | +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +20-pounder |Shell | 20 | 2 | 8 | 370 | 815 |1,155|1,440| + | | | | | 1.4 | 2.4 |3.4 | 4.5 | +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + | | | Can. | | | | | | +Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +12-pounder |Shell | 12 | 1 | 8 | 360 | 750 |1,050|1,305| + | | | | | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | +------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------+ + | |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. | + | |RANGES IN YARDS. | + | |TIME OF FLIGHT IN SECONDS. | + | | | + CLASS | |-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + OF | KIND OF | | | | | | | | | + GUN. |PROJECTILE | 4 deg. | 5 deg. | 10 deg. | 15 deg. | 20 deg. | 25 deg. | 30 deg. | 35 deg. | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + | | | | | | | | | | +Parrott-- |Solid shot | ... |2,200|3,810 |5,030 | 6,125|6,910 | ... | ... | +100-pounder | | |6-1/2| 13 |18-1/4|22-1/2| 29 | | | + |Hollow shot| ... | ... | ... |5,190 |6,338 |7,180 |7,988 |8,453 | + | | | | | 19 | 23 |29-1/2|32-1/4|36-1/4| + |Long shot |1,700|2,150|3,700 |4,790 |5,830 |6,820 | ... | ... | + | |5-1/2|6-1/2| 13 | 18 |21-3/4| 28 | | | + |Short shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |7,810 | ... | + | | | | | | | |32-1/2| | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------| +Parrott-- |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +60-pounder |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------| + |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | | | | | +Parrott-- |Shell |1,860|2,200|3,500 | 4,800|5,700 |6,700 | ... | ... | +30-pounder | | |6-7/8|12-1/4|17-5/8|21-1/4| 27 | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | | | | | +Parrott-- |Shell |1,700|2,100|3,350 |4,400 | ... | ... | ... | ... | +20-pounder | | |6-1/2|11-1/4|17-1/4| | | | | + |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | | | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ +Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +20-pounder |Shell |1,715|1,960| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 5.5 | 6.5 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + | | | | | | | | | | +Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | +12-pounder |Shell |1,550|1,770| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | | 5.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | | +------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + + +APPENDIX B.--No. VIII. + +_Table for Finding the Distance of an Object at Sea._[1] + + +To use the Table, let an observer from the cross-trees measure the +angle between the distant horizon and the enemy's water-line, and look +into the Table with that angle; opposite to it, in the column marked +distances, will be found the distance of the object in yards. + +-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ +YARDS. | HEIGHT OF THE EYE ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE SEA, IN FEET. | +-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ +Distance. | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | +-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | + 100 | 3.44 | 5.37 | 7.29 | 9.21 |11.11 |13.00 |14.47 |16.34 |18.16 | + 200 | 1.50 | 2.46 | 3.43 | 4.39 | 5.35 | 6.31 | 7.27 | 8.23 | 9.18 | + 300 | 1.12 | 1.49 | 2.26 | 3.04 | 3.41 | 4.19 | 4.56 | 5.33 | 6.11 | + 400 | .52 | 1.21 | 1.48 | 2.16 | 2.44 | 3.12 | 3.40 | 4.03 | 4.36 | + 500 | .41 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.48 | 2.10 | 2.32 | 2.54 | 3.17 | 3.39 | + 600 | .34 | .52 | 1.10 | 1.29 | 1.47 | 2.05 | 2.24 | 2.42 | 3.01 | + 700 | .28 | .44 | 1.01 | 1.15 | 1.31 | 1.46 | 2.01 | 2.18 | 2.34 | + 800 | .24 | .38 | .51 | 1.05 | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.46 | 2.00 | 2.13 | + 900 | .21 | .33 | .45 | .57 | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.33 | 1.45 | 1.57 | +1000 | .18 | .29 | .40 | .50 | 1.01 | 1.12 | 1.23 | 1.34 | 1.45 | +1100 | .16 | .26 | .35 | .45 | .55 | 1.05 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 1.34 | +1200 | .15 | .23 | .32 | .41 | .50 | .59 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 1.26 | +1300 | .13 | .21 | .29 | .37 | .45 | .53 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 1.18 | +1400 | .12 | .19 | .27 | .34 | .41 | .49 | .57 | 1.04 | 1.12 | +1500 | .11 | .18 | .24 | .31 | .38 | .45 | .52 | .59 | 1.07 | +1600 | .10 | .16 | .22 | .29 | .35 | .42 | .48 | .55 | 1.02 | +1700 | .09 | .15 | .21 | .27 | .33 | .39 | .45 | .51 | .58 | +1800 | .08 | .14 | .19 | .25 | .31 | .36 | .42 | .48 | .54 | +1900 | .08 | .13 | .18 | .23 | .29 | .34 | .39 | .45 | .50 | +2000 | .07 | .12 | .17 | .22 | .27 | .32 | .37 | .42 | .47 | +2100 | .06 | .11 | .16 | .20 | .25 | .30 | .35 | .40 | .45 | +2200 | .06 | .10 | .15 | .19 | .24 | .28 | .33 | .38 | .42 | +2300 | .05 | .10 | .14 | .18 | .22 | .27 | .31 | .36 | .40 | +2400 | .05 | .09 | .13 | .17 | .21 | .25 | .29 | .34 | .38 | +2500 | .05 | .08 | .12 | .16 | .20 | .24 | .28 | .32 | .36 | +-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ + +No correct use of this Table can be made when the proximity of land +may interfere with the distance of the horizon. + + +APPENDIX B.--No. IX. + +REPORT OF TARGET PRACTICE WITH GREAT GUNS ON BOARD +U.S.S. __________________________, ______________________COMMANDING, +MADE THIS _______ DAY OF ______ 18 , AT _____________________. + } ________________________________ { + ARMAMENT } ________________________________ { + } ________________________________ { + +KEY: +Column A: KIND OF PROJECTILE. +Column B: DISTANCE OF TARGET, IN YARDS. +Column C: CALIBRE OF GUN. +Column D: CLASS OF GUN. +Column E: CHARGE OF POWDER. +Column F: NUMBER OF FIRES. +Column G: LENGTH OF FUZE, IN SECONDS OF TIME. +Column H: ELEVATION OF GUN, FOR YARDS. +Column J: No. of Hits. +Column K: Short of Target. +Column L: Beyond Target. +Column M: Right of Target. +Column N: Left of Target. +Column O: At or near Proper Time. +Column P: Too soon. +Column Q: How much too soon. +Column R: Not at all. +S: No. Patches of Fuzed returned. +T: Range sufficient to burn Fuzes. +U: Range not sufficient to burn Fuzes. +V: No. FIRES DIRECT. +W: No. FIRES RICOCHET. + +[Transcriber's note: table is two pages wide] + +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + | | | | | | | |FALL OF PROJECTILE.| BURSTING OF | + | | | | | | | | | SHELLS. | + | | | | | | | |---+---+---+---+---|---+---+---+---| + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + ++-----------+-------+---------------------------------------- +| SHELLS NOT| | |N.B.--Each kind of projectile, distance +| BURST. | | |of target (measured or estimated), ++---+---+---+ | |class of gun, and charge of powder +| | | | | |require a separate line across the page. +| | | | | | +| S | T | U | V | W | REMARKS. ++---+---+---+---+---+---------------------------------------- +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | +| | | | | | ++---+---+---+---+---+---------------------------------------- + + + +REPORT OF TARGET PRACTICE WITH SMALL-ARMS ON BOARD THE U.S.S. +------------,-------------- COMMANDING, MADE THIS-------DAY +OF--------, 18--, AT---------. + +KEY: +A: DISTANCE OF TARGET, IN YARDS. +B: SIZE OF TARGET, IN FEET (SAY 6 BY 1-1/2 FEET) +C: Number Fired. +D: Number Shot in each Volley. +E: Number of Hits. +F: No. within 6 inches of Centre of Bull's-Eye. +G: WHOLE SHOTS FIRED. +H: KIND OF BALL USED. +I: CHARGES OF POWDER. + + | | | SINGLE SHOTS | | | | | +KIND OF ARM USED. | A | B |WITH DELIBERATE| VOLLEYS AT | | | | +(Each kind | | | AIM | ORDER "FIRE" | G | H | I | + requires a | | +---------------+---+---+---+---+ | | | + separate line.) | | | C | E | F | C | D | E | F | | | | +------------------+---+---+----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------+---+---+----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ + +Remarks on each kind of arm used, and the general results of practice; +names of those who made the best _average_ of shots; Officers whose +_divisions_ fired best. + + +APPENDIX B.--No. X. + +It being of great importance to know the endurance of guns in service, +Commanding Officers are directed to fill up the blanks of the annexed +Circular issued by the Bureau of Ordnance, November 5, 1863, as far as +in their power, and forward it to the Bureau at the expiration of +every quarter. + +When the "total number of fires to date" cannot be ascertained, the +number since the vessel has been in commission is to be stated. + +Column A. Class of Gun +Column B. Register No. +Column C. Foundry +Column D. Date of Fabrication +Column E. Charge of Powder +Column F. Shot +Column G. Shell +Column H. Shrapnel +Column I. Grape +Column J. Canister +Column K. No. of Fires During Quarter +Column L. Total No. of Fires to Date + + NAME OF VESSEL. STATION. + + ---------------------------- ---------------------- + ++-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | ++-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +| | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | | | | | ++-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ + +--------------, 186-. --------------, _Commander._ + +The object of this circular is to enable the Bureau to know, _at all +times_, how many rounds have been fired _from every gun in the +service_; and the following directions are to be observed in making +the quarterly return of firing: + +"CLASS OF GUN."--Under this head give the kind of gun; if rifled, +state it; and if a 32-pounder or 8-inch, give the _weight_. It is not +necessary to give the position of the gun in the vessel. + +"REGISTER NO."--Be careful to give the register number correctly, as +this is most important. + +"FOUNDRY,"--Under this head give the initials on the base-ring. + +"Date of fabrication" will be found on the right trunnion. + +"Charge of powder" in pounds. + +"Projectiles" to be entered under their appropriate heads in the +blank. + +"Kind of fuze" to be stated. + +"Number of fires during quarter," must be given _for each gun +separately_. + +"Total number of fires to date," must include _all rounds fired from +each gun separately_; and each succeeding quarterly report must have +the "total number of fires to date" from the report next preceding (a +copy of which is always to be kept on board the vessel) brought +forward, added to the total for the quarter, and the aggregate placed +in the last column. + +The Bureau often receives reports _with the last column left blank_, +or with "not known" written therein. Reports sent in this way are of +no value whatever to the Bureau. + +If a record of the total number of fires of any gun has not been kept, +or if it cannot be ascertained from the Log, then vent-impressions of +such gun are to be taken; and the Commanding Officer must determine, +as nearly as possible, judging from these impressions, the total +number of fires, and enter the same on his return. (_See_ ORDNANCE +INSTRUCTIONS, Part III.) + +The Bureau expects that all Commanding Officers will, in future, have +this return _carefully made out_; and that they will not sign or +forward one of them without first being satisfied of its correctness. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] By Lieutenant W.P. Buckner, U.S.N. See a pamphlet "On the +Determination of Distances at Sea," by Captain A.P. Ryder, R.N., for more +extended tables of this and other methods. + + + + +APPENDIX C.--No. I. + + +REPORT OF AN INSPECTION + + _Of the U.S.-----------, -------------- Commanding, + + made by -----------, this -------- day of ---------, 186-, + + at --------------------._ + + ARMAMENT. + + {-------------------------------------------------------------------} + { } + {-------------------------------------------------------------------} + +[These inspections are required to be made of each vessel--when first +commissioned and before proceeding to sea, chiefly with reference to +the completeness of her equipment and the proper stationing of her +crew; semi-annually during the cruise; and at the end of it, before +being paid off. As a general rule, the first and last inspections are +_not_ to take place alongside of the Navy Yard, but in the stream.] + + 1. What time has the vessel been in commission, and what + opportunities has she had for exercise and target practice? + + 2. Date of last inspection? + + 3. Date of last target practice? + + 4. Hours. Minutes. + { _Gun Divisions._ + Times { 1st, commanded by + in which { 2nd, " " + each { 3rd, " " + division { 4th, " " + reported { 5th, etc. " " + ready { Master's " " + for { Powder " " + action. { Engineer " " + { Marine " " + + 5. Were _all_ the divisions properly prepared? If not, state what + divisions were found defective, in what particulars, and from + what causes. Include in the answer to this question the + condition of _division-boxes, spare implements, and equipments_, + and their readiness for use. + + 6. Are the men well skilled in the exercise of the great guns, + including working both sides at once, and in pointing and firing? + + 7. Time required to dismount, shift carriage, remount, load, and run + out any broadside-gun selected by the Inspecting Officer. State + its position and weight. + + 8. Time required to transport a gun from one side to the other, and + back, giving numbers of ports and weight of gun. + + 9. Time required to shift breechings, trucks, and tackles. + + 10. Have the prescribed arrangements been correctly made for + supplying the batteries with powder and projectiles; are the men + properly stationed for these purposes, and are they expert in the + performance of these duties? Is the supply ample, and without + confusion of charges? + + 11. Condition of magazines, shell-rooms, shot-lockers, and lighting + apparatus. + + 12. Are the men well trained in securing masts and spars, stoppering + rigging, and repairing injuries to the steering apparatus, and in + getting springs on the cables? State the time required to perform + _efficiently_ the most important of these operations; for + instance: + + Bowsprit shot away, to secure foremast; + Port main rigging and main stays disabled, to secure mainmast; + To fish a lower mast and yard; + Steering apparatus disabled, what means of repairs or substitutes + prepared. + + 13. Are the prescribed arrangements for stopping shot-holes + complete, and the men well trained to that duty? + + 14. Are the arrangements for boarding and repelling boarders + efficient? Note the time required to assemble each division + properly armed. Are the boarders and others well trained in the + use of the single-stick or broadsword? + + 15. Is the _whole crew_ well trained in the use of small-arms, and + in company and battalion drill? If not, state the reasons + assigned. State also the condition of the armory, small-arms, and + their ammunition. + + 16. What is the state of the equipment and preparation of boats for + armed service? If defective, in what particulars and for what + assigned reasons? + + 17. Times from the call "ARM AND AWAY" to the shoving off of each + boat. Time to form a line abreast. Time required for other + evolutions. Time required to land small-arm men, from the signal + or order given when near the shore. Time to land howitzers, + specifying their weights. Time to embark them; to shift from bow + to stern. Time to load properly and fire safely three rounds. Are + the crews expert in these points? + + 18. Are the arrangements and apparatus for extinguishing fire + efficient? If not, state deficiencies and their causes. Times + required to get the several streams of water to the designated + point; time required for complete readiness. + + 19. Have the "ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS" been fully complied with in + this ship? State exceptions and reasons assigned, if any. + + 20. General condition of the vessel in point of armament, carriages, + and other ordnance equipments, and of the crew as to efficiency + for action, stating particular exceptions, if any, and what + remedies have been suggested or applied. + + + * * * * * + +GENERAL ORDER. + + NAVY DEPARTMENT, _April_ 5, 1861. + +Flag Officers are required to hold the semi-annual inspection of each +vessel under their command, according to the foregoing form given in +Appendix C, No. 1, ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS. + +Commanding Officers of vessels acting singly will hold the same +general inspection, and in either case, the reports will be forwarded +to the Bureau of Ordnance by the first favorable opportunity after the +inspection has taken place. + + GIDEON WELLES, + _Secretary of the Navy._ + + +APPENDIX C.--No. II. + + +FORM OF REPORTS OF TARGET PRACTICE. + +QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED AT LENGTH IN THE "REMARKS" ON TARGET +PRACTICE, IN ADDITION TO FILLING THE TABLES. APPENDIX B.--No. IX. + +Was the ship at anchor or under way? + +Under what sail? + +Water rough or smooth? + +Force and direction of wind in reference to line of fire? + +Roll of the ship, in degrees by pendulum, during firing? + +When "carrying sail" by the wind, does heel of ship cause the weather +or lee guns to "wood" before they are level? + +Was target to windward or to leeward? + +How was its distance measured? + +Append sketch of target, showing its dimensions, mode of construction, +and materials, with the "hits," and fall of projectiles around it. + +The degree of strain on breechings of weather batteries? + +Were the chocking-quoins necessary? + +Probable causes of the failure of the shells to burst? + +Such other remarks as appear important or suggestive of improvement; +such as the best mode of constructing a floating target of 20 by 10 +feet (the size used at the Experimental Battery of the Ordnance Yard, +Washington). + + + + +APPENDIX D. + +TABLES OF ALLOWANCES OF ORDNANCE EQUIPMENTS AND STORES. + +NOTE.--Allowances not proportioned to guns or to ships are +proportioned to the complements of Petty Officers, Seamen, Ordinary +Seamen, Landsmen, and Boys, and must vary with them. The Armaments are +designated by special order of the Bureau of Ordnance. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, | | | | + and Implements._ | | | | + | | | | +AMMUNITION-CHESTS | 11 | | | + Containing Canister No.| 27 | | | + Containing Shell No.| 18 | | | + Containing Shrapnel No.| 54 | | | +BOAT, Pivot-Clamps No.| |One set for each | + | |boat carrying a | + | |gun. | +BOAT, Traverses for | |One set for each | + Boat-Carriages sets.| |boat carrying a | + | |gun. | +BOAT, Skids for landing sets.| |One set for each | + | |boat carrying a | + | |gun. | +BOAT, Tracks for | |One set for each | + Field-Carriages sets.| |boat carrying a | + | |gun. | +BOAT, Wrenches for | |One set for each | + Pivot-Clamps No.| |boat carrying a | + | |gun. | +BORING-BITS No.| 2 | | | +BOXES, PASSING, 24-pounder | | | | + and 20-pounder, No.| 3 | | | +BOXES, PASSING, 12-pounder, | |Two only, if used| + field No.| 12 |only as guns of | + | |battery. | +BOXES, for spare articles No.| 1 | | | +BOXES, Caisson, or | |Two to each | + Transporting No.| -- |field-carriage. | +BOXES, Primer No.| 2 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, | | | | | | | + and Implements._ | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +AMMUNITION-CHESTS | | | | | | | + Containing Canister No.| | | | | | | + Containing Shell No.| | | | | | | + Containing Shrapnel No.| | | | | | | +BOAT, Pivot-Clamps No.| One set for each | | + | boat carrying a | | + | gun. | | +BOAT, Traverses for | One set for each | | + Boat-Carriages sets.| boat carrying a | | + | gun. | | +BOAT, Skids for landing sets.| One set for each | | + | boat carrying a | | + | gun. | | +BOAT, Tracks for | One set for each | | + Field-Carriages sets.| boat carrying a | | + | gun. | | +BOAT, Wrenches for | One set for each | | + Pivot-Clamps No.| boat carrying a | | + | gun. | | +BORING-BITS No.| | | | | | | +BOXES, PASSING, 24-pounder | | | | | | | + and 20-pounder, No.| | | | | | | +BOXES, PASSING, 12-pounder, | Two only, if used | | + field No.| only as guns of | | + | battery. | | +BOXES, for spare articles No.| | | | | | | +BOXES, Caisson, or | Two to each | | + Transporting No.| field-carriage. | | +BOXES, Primer No.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, | | | | | | | | | + and Implements._ | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +AMMUNITION-CHESTS | | | | | | | | | + Containing Canister No.| | | | | | | | | + Containing Shell No.| | | | | | | | | + Containing Shrapnel No.| | | | | | | | | +BOAT, Pivot-Clamps No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BOAT, Traverses for | | | | | | | | | + Boat-Carriages sets.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BOAT, Skids for landing sets.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BOAT, Tracks for | | | | | | | | | + Field-Carriages sets.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BOAT, Wrenches for | | | | | | | | | + Pivot-Clamps No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BORING-BITS No.| | | | | | | | | +BOXES, PASSING, 24-pounder | | | | | | | | | + and 20-pounder, No.| | | | | | | | | +BOXES, PASSING, 12-pounder, | | | | | | | | | + field No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BOXES, for spare articles No.| | | | | | | | | +BOXES, Caisson, or | | | | | | | | | + Transporting No.| | | | | | | | | +BOXES, Primer No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | + | | | | +BREECHINGS, for Broadside | | | | + 24 and 20 pounders No.| 1 | If required. | +CHARGERS, for Rifle-shells, | | | | + copper No.| 1 | | | +CHOCKS, Shifting No.| 1 | | | +COMPRESSORS, spare, for | | | | + Boat-Guns No.| 1 | | | +DISMOUNTING BARS No.| 1 | | | +DISMOUNTING STRAPS No.| 1 | | | +DRAG-ROPES for Field-Guns No.| 1 | | | +ELEVATING SCREWS, | | Three to two | + 24 and 20 pounders No.| 2 | guns, if used as| + | | guns of the | + | | battery. | +ELEVATING SCREWS, | | Three to two | + 12 pounders No.| 2 | guns, if used as| + | | guns of the | + | | battery. | +FORMERS, for | | One for each | + Cartridge-Bags No.| | class of | + | | howitzers. | +FUNNELS, Copper No.| 1 | | | +FUZE-CUTTERS No.| | One for each box| + | | of shell and | + | | shrapnel. To be | + | | accounted for. | +FUZE EXTRACTORS, wrench No.| 1 | If required by | + | | kind of fuze | + | | furnished. | +FUZE GAUGES for | | If required by | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 1 | kind of fuze | + | | furnished. | +FUZE MALLETS for | | If required by | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 1 | kind of fuze | + | | furnished. | +FUZE PLUG EXTRACTORS for | | If required by | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 1 | kind of fuze | + | | furnished. | +FUZE REAMERS for | | If required by | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 1 | kind of fuze | + | | furnished. | +FUZES, BORMANN'S, spare No.| 5 | For exercising | + | | crews in cutting| + | | fuzes. | +HAVERSACKS No.| 1 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +BREECHINGS, for Broadside | | | | | | | + 24 and 20 pounders No.| | | | | | | +CHARGERS, for Rifle-shells, | | | | | | | + copper No.| | | | | | | +CHOCKS, Shifting No.| | | | | | | +COMPRESSORS, spare, for | | | | | | | + Boat-Guns No.| | | | | | | +DISMOUNTING BARS No.| | | | | | | +DISMOUNTING STRAPS No.| | | | | | | +DRAG-ROPES for Field-Guns No.| | | | | | | +ELEVATING SCREWS, | Three to two guns, if used as | + 24 and 20 pounders No.| guns of the battery. | + | | + | | +ELEVATING SCREWS, | Three to two guns, if used as | + 12 pounders No.| guns of the battery. | + | | + | | +FORMERS, for | One for each class of | + Cartridge-Bags No.| howitzers. | + | | +FUNNELS, Copper No.| | | | | | | +FUZE-CUTTERS No.| One for each box of shell and | + | shrapnel. To be accounted for.| + | | + | | +FUZE EXTRACTORS, wrench No.| If required by kind of fuze | + | furnished. | + | | +FUZE GAUGES for | If required by kind of fuze | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| furnished. | + | | +FUZE MALLETS for | If required by kind of fuze | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| furnished. | + | | +FUZE PLUG EXTRACTORS for | If required by kind of fuze | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| furnished. | + | | +FUZE REAMERS for | If required by kind of fuze | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| furnished. | + | | +FUZES, BORMANN'S, spare No.| For exercising crews in | + | cutting fuzes. | + | | +HAVERSACKS No.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | | | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BREECHINGS, for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + 24 and 20 pounders No.| | | | | | | | | +CHARGERS, for Rifle-shells, | | | | | | | | | + copper No.| | | | | | | | | +CHOCKS, Shifting No.| | | | | | | | | +COMPRESSORS, spare, for | | | | | | | | | + Boat-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +DISMOUNTING BARS No.| | | | | | | | | +DISMOUNTING STRAPS No.| | | | | | | | | +DRAG-ROPES for Field-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +ELEVATING SCREWS, | Three to two | | | | | + 24 and 20 pounders No.| guns, if used as | | | | | + | guns of the | | | | | + | battery. | | | | | +ELEVATING SCREWS, | Three to two | | | | | + 12 pounders No.| guns, if used as | | | | | + | guns of the | | | | | + | battery. | | | | | +FORMERS, for | One for each | | | | | + Cartridge-Bags No.| class of | | | | | + | howitzers | | | | | +FUNNELS, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | +FUZE-CUTTERS No.| One for each box | | | | | + | of shell and | | | | | + | shrapnel. To be | | | | | + | accounted for. | | | | | +FUZE EXTRACTORS, wrench No.| If required by | | | | | + | kind of fuze | | | | | + | furnished. | | | | | +FUZE GAUGES for | If required by | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| kind of fuze | | | | | + | furnished. | | | | | +FUZE MALLETS for | If required by | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| kind of fuze | | | | | + | furnished. | | | | | +FUZE PLUG EXTRACTORS for | If required by | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| kind of fuze | | | | | + | furnished. | | | | | +FUZE REAMERS for | If required by | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| kind of fuze | | | | | + | furnished. | | | | | +FUZES, BORMANN'S, spare No.| For exercising | | | | | + | crews in cutting | | | | | + | fuzes. | | | | | +HAVERSACKS No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | + | | | | +HOWITZER No.| | As may be | + | | ordered. | + " Boat-Carriage. No.| 1 | | | + " Field-Carriage. No.| 1 | | | +LADLES No.| 1 | | | +LOCKS for Howitzers No.| 2 | | | +LOCK-LANYARDS No.| 3 | | | +LOCK-TOGGLES No.| 2 | | | +LOOP-PINS No.| 2 | | | +PIVOT-BOLTS No.| 2 | | | +PRIMING-WIRES No.| 2 | | | +PRIMERS for Howitzers No.| 250 | | | +RAMMERS and SPONGES, | | | | + connected No.| 2 | | | +SHIFTING-SPAR No.| | One to each | + | | class of | + | | howitzers. | +SIGHTS for Howitzers (long | | | | + and short) No.| 2 | | | +SIGHT, Thumb-screws No.| 2 | | | +SCREW-DRIVERS for Fuzes | | Three-armed to | + for Rifle-Howitzers No.| 1 | unscrew the | + | | different kinds.| +TACKLES for Broadside | | | | + 24-pounders and 20-pdrs. set.| 1 | | | +TOMPIONS, with wads and | | | | + lanyards No.| 1-1/10 | | | + | 1 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +HOWITZER No.|As may be| | | | | + |ordered. | | | | | + " Boat-Carriage. No.| | | | | | | + " Field-Carriage. No.| | | | | | | +LADLES No.| | | | | | | +LOCKS for Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +LOCK-LANYARDS No.| | | | | | | +LOCK-TOGGLES No.| | | | | | | +LOOP-PINS No.| | | | | | | +PIVOT-BOLTS No.| | | | | | | +PRIMING-WIRES No.| | | | | | | +PRIMERS for Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +RAMMERS and SPONGES, | | | | | | | + connected No.| | | | | | | +SHIFTING-SPAR No.| One to each class | | + | of howitzers. | | + | | | +SIGHTS for Howitzers (long | | | | | | | + and short) No.| | | | | | | +SIGHT, Thumb-screws No.| | | | | | | +SCREW-DRIVERS for Fuzes | Three-armed to unscrew | + for Rifle-Howitzers No.| the different kinds. | + | | +TACKLES for Broadside | | | | | | | + 24-pounders and 20-pdrs. set.| | | | | | | +TOMPIONS, with wads and | | | | | | | + lanyards No.| | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | | | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +HOWITZER No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + " Boat-Carriage. No.| | | | | | | | | + " Field-Carriage. No.| | | | | | | | | +LADLES No.| | | | | | | | | +LOCKS for Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +LOCK-LANYARDS No.| | | | | | | | | +LOCK-TOGGLES No.| | | | | | | | | +LOOP-PINS No.| | | | | | | | | +PIVOT-BOLTS No.| | | | | | | | | +PRIMING-WIRES No.| | | | | | | | | +PRIMERS for Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +RAMMERS and SPONGES, | | | | | | | | | + connected No.| | | | | | | | | +SHIFTING-SPAR No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS for Howitzers (long | | | | | | | | | + and short) No.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHT, Thumb-screws No.| | | | | | | | | +SCREW-DRIVERS for Fuzes | | | | | | | | | + for Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TACKLES for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + 24-pounders and 20-pdrs. set.| | | | | | | | | +TOMPIONS, with wads and | | | | | | | | | + lanyards No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | + | | | | +TRAIL-BARS for | | | | + Field-Howitzers No.| 1 | | | +TRAIN-ROPES for Broadside | | | | + 24-pdrs. and 20-pdrs. No.| 3 | | | +VENT-GUARDS No.| 1 | | | +WHEELS, spare, for | | | | + Field-Carriages No.| 1 | | | +SHELLS for | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 90 | | | +SHRAPNEL for | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 10 | | | +CANISTER for | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 10 | | | +CHARGES for | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| 100 | | | +JUNK-WADS for | | | | + Rifle-Canister No.| 10 | | | + | | | | + | | | | +_Articles under proportion | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | + | | | | +APRONS, Brass, for Locks set.| 1-1/10 | | | +APRONS, Brass, for | | | | + Breech-sights set.| 1-1/10 | | | +APRONS, Brass, for | | | | + Reinforce-sights set.| 1-1/10 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +TRAIL-BARS for | | | | | | | + Field-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +TRAIN-ROPES for Broadside | | | | | | | + 24-pdrs. and 20-pdrs. No.| | | | | | | +VENT-GUARDS No.| | | | | | | +WHEELS, spare, for | | | | | | | + Field-Carriages No.| | | | | | | +SHELLS for | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL for | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +CANISTER for | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +CHARGES for | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +JUNK-WADS for | | | | | | | + Rifle-Canister No.| | | | | | | + | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +APRONS, Brass, for Locks set.| | | | | | | +APRONS, Brass, for | | | | | | | + Breech-sights set.| | | | | | | +APRONS, Brass, for | | | | | | | + Reinforce-sights set.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Howitzers, Equipments, and | | | | | | | | | + Implements._--Continued | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TRAIL-BARS for | | | | | | | | | + Field-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +TRAIN-ROPES for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + 24-pdrs. and 20-pdrs. No.| | | | | | | | | +VENT-GUARDS No.| | | | | | | | | +WHEELS, spare, for | | | | | | | | | + Field-Carriages No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS for | | | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL for | | | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +CANISTER for | | | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +CHARGES for | | | | | | | | | + Rifle-Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +JUNK-WADS for | | | | | | | | | + Rifle-Canister No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +APRONS, Brass, for Locks set.| | | | | | | | | +APRONS, Brass, for | | | | | | | | | + Breech-sights set.| | | | | | | | | +APRONS, Brass, for | | | | | | | | | + Reinforce-sights set.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + NOTE.--Each rifle or smooth-bore howitzer used, in the ship's + battery, and also as a boat and field gun, shall be furnished with + fifty per cent. addition to the above ammunition. + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +BEDS No.| 1-1/10 | | | +BLOCKS, double, spare No.| 2/10 | | | +BLOCKS, single, spare No.| 2/10 | | | +BOLTS, Pivot, for Pivot-Guns, | | | | + spare, bronze No.| 1 | | | +BOLTS, Breeching, spare No.| 2/10 | | | +BORING-BITS, Cannon No.| 1-4/10 | | | +BOXES, Passing, for Guns No.| 1-1/10 | | | +BOXES, Primer, for Gun | | | | + Captains No.| 1-1/10 | | | +BREECHINGS, fitted, for | | and 2 for | + Friction-Carriage No.| 1 | pivot-guns. | +BREECHINGS, fitted, for | | | | + Truck-Carriage No.| 2 | | | +BUCKETS, Fire No.| 1 | and four for | + | | each top. | +BUCKETS, Fire lanyards No.| 1 | and four for | + | | each top. | +CANISTER, for smooth-bore | | | | + Pivot-Gun No.| 10 | | | +CANISTER, for smooth-bore | | | | + Broadside-Gun No.| 5 | | | +CANISTER, for XV-in. Guns No.| 5 | | | +CARRIAGES, Gun No.| 1 | | | +CARRIAGES, Gun spare, in | | One for each | + parts No.| -- | class of guns | + | | on trucks over | + | | 32 cwt. | + | | | + | | | +CHOCKS, Shifting, for | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| 4 | | | +CHOCKS, Rail for | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| 2 | | | +CHOCKS, Housing, | | | | + lower deck No.| 2 | | | +COVERS, canvas, for | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| 1 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +BEDS No.| | | | | | | +BLOCKS, double, spare No.| | | | | | | +BLOCKS, single, spare No.| | | | | | | +BOLTS, Pivot, for Pivot-Guns, | | | | | | | + spare, bronze No.| | | | | | | +BOLTS, Breeching, spare No.| | | | | | | +BORING-BITS, Cannon No.| | | | | | | +BOXES, Passing, for Guns No.| | | | | | | +BOXES, Primer, for Gun | | | | | | | + Captains No.| | | | | | | +BREECHINGS, fitted, for | and 2 for | | | | + Friction-Carriage No.| pivot-guns. | | | | +BREECHINGS, fitted, for | | | | | | | + Truck-Carriage No.| | | | | | | +BUCKETS, Fire No.| and four for | | | | + | each top. | | | | +BUCKETS, Fire lanyards No.| and four for | | | | + | each top. | | | | +CANISTER, for smooth-bore | | | | | | | + Pivot-Gun No.| | | | | | | +CANISTER, for smooth-bore | | | | | | | + Broadside-Gun No.| | | | | | | +CANISTER, for XV-in. Guns No.| | | | | | | +CARRIAGES, Gun No.| | | | | | | +CARRIAGES, Gun spare, in | One for each | + parts No.| class of guns | + | on trucks over | + | 32 cwt. | + | | + | | +CHOCKS, Shifting, for | | | | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | +CHOCKS, Rail for | | | | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | +CHOCKS, Housing, | | | | | | | + lower deck No.| | | | | | | +COVERS, canvas, for | | | | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BEDS No.| | | | | | | | | +BLOCKS, double, spare No.| | | | | | | | | +BLOCKS, single, spare No.| | | | | | | | | +BOLTS, Pivot, for Pivot-Guns, | | | | | | | | | + spare, bronze No.| | | | | | | | | +BOLTS, Breeching, spare No.| | | | | | | | | +BORING-BITS, Cannon No.| | | | | | | | | +BOXES, Passing, for Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +BOXES, Primer, for Gun | | | | | | | | | + Captains No.| | | | | | | | | +BREECHINGS, fitted, for | | | | | | | | | + Friction-Carriage No.| | | | | | | | | +BREECHINGS, fitted, for | | | | | | | | | + Truck-Carriage No.| | | | | | | | | +BUCKETS, Fire No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BUCKETS, Fire lanyards No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CANISTER, for smooth-bore | | | | | | | | | + Pivot-Gun No.| | | | | | | | | +CANISTER, for smooth-bore | | | | | | | | | + Broadside-Gun No.| | | | | | | | | +CANISTER, for XV-in. Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +CARRIAGES, Gun No.| | | | | | | | | +CARRIAGES, Gun spare, in |One for | | | | | | | + parts No.|each class | | | | | | + |of guns on | | | | | | + |trucks | | | | | | | + |over 32 | | | | | | | + |cwt. | | | | | | | +CHOCKS, Shifting, for | | | | | | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +CHOCKS, Rail for | | | | | | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +CHOCKS, Housing, | | | | | | | | | + lower deck No.| | | | | | | | | +COVERS, canvas, for | | | | | | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +DISMOUNTING APPARATUS | | | | + (Griolet) No.| | One to each | + | |gun-deck. | +DIVISION-BAGS No.| | One to each | + | |division, of | + | |No. 8 canvas. | +FLASKS, Powder No.| 1/4 | | | +FUZE-PICKERS No.| 2 | | | +GAUGES, SHELL No.| | One for strapped| + | |shell for each | + | |calibre on board,| + | |and one for each | + | |calibre of rifled| + | |projectiles. | +GRENADES, Hand, 3 pounds No.| | | | +GRENADES, Hand, 5 pounds No.| | | | +GUNS OF BATTERY No.| | As may be | + | | ordered. | +GUN-SCRAPERS No.| 1/10 | | | +GUN-SCRAPERS to fit on | | | | + Rammer-head No.| | One to each | + | |calibre of | + | |chamber. | +HANDSPIKES, Ordinary No.| 2-1/2 | | | +HANDSPIKES, Roller No.| 1-2/10 | | | +HEAVERS for SELVAGEES set.| 1 | | | +IMPRESSION-TAKER for | | For each class | + Vents No.| 1 |of gun of 32-pdr.| + | |calibre and | + | |upwards, and all | + | |iron rifles. | +LADLES, Shot No.| | One to each | + | |calibre. | +LANYARDS, Port No.| 5 | And one | + | |tricing-line for | + | |ports requiring | + | |them. | +LANTERNS, Battle, | | | | + gun-decks No.| 1 | | | +LASHINGS, Breast No.| 1 | | | +LASHINGS, Housing-straps No.| 1 | | | +LINCH-PINS, Spare No.| 1/10 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +DISMOUNTING APPARATUS | | | | | | | + (Griolet) No.| One to each | | | | + |gun-deck. | | | | +DIVISION-BAGS No.| One to each division, of | + |No. 8 canvas. | + | | +FLASKS, Powder No.| | | | | | | +FUZE-PICKERS No.| | | | | | | +GAUGES, SHELL No.| One for strapped shell for | + |each calibre on board, and one | + |for each calibre of rifled | + |projectiles. | + | | + | | +GRENADES, Hand, 3 pounds No.| | | | | | | +GRENADES, Hand, 5 pounds No.| | | | | | | +GUNS OF BATTERY No.|As may be| | | | | + |ordered | | | | | +GUN-SCRAPERS No.| | | | | | | +GUN-SCRAPERS to fit on | | | | | | | + Rammer-head No.| One to each calibre | | + |of chamber. | | + | | | +HANDSPIKES, Ordinary No.| | | | | | | +HANDSPIKES, Roller No.| | | | | | | +HEAVERS for SELVAGEES set.| | | | | | | +IMPRESSION-TAKER for | For each class of gun of | + Vents No.|32-pdr. calibre and upwards, | + |and all iron rifles. | + | | + | | +LADLES, Shot No.| One to each calibre. | + | | +LANYARDS, Port No.| And one tricing-line for | + |ports requiring them. | + | | + | | +LANTERNS, Battle, | | | | | | | + gun-decks No.| | | | | | | +LASHINGS, Breast No.| | | | | | | +LASHINGS, Housing-straps No.| | | | | | | +LINCH-PINS, Spare No.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +DISMOUNTING APPARATUS | | | | | | | | | + (Griolet) No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +DIVISION-BAGS No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FLASKS, Powder No.| | | | | | | | | +FUZE-PICKERS No.| | | | | | | | | +GAUGES, SHELL No.| One for strapped shell for each | + |calibre on board, and one for each | + |calibre of rifled projectiles. | + | | + | | + | | +GRENADES, Hand, 3 pounds No.| | | | | | | | | +GRENADES, Hand, 5 pounds No.| | | | | | | | | +GUNS OF BATTERY No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +GUN-SCRAPERS No.| | | | | | | | | +GUN-SCRAPERS to fit on | | | | | | | | | + Rammer-head No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +HANDSPIKES, Ordinary No.| | | | | | | | | +HANDSPIKES, Roller No.| | | | | | | | | +HEAVERS for SELVAGEES set.| | | | | | | | | +IMPRESSION-TAKER for | For each class of gun | | | + Vents No.|of 32-pdr. calibre and | | | + |upwards, and all iron | | | + |rifles. | | | + | | | | +LADLES, Shot No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +LANYARDS, Port No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +LANTERNS, Battle, | | | | | | | | | + gun-decks No.| | | | | | | | | +LASHINGS, Breast No.| | | | | | | | | +LASHINGS, Housing-straps No.| | | | | | | | | +LINCH-PINS, Spare No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +LOCKS, Cannon No.| 1-1/4 | | | + " strings No.| 3 | | | + " Toggles No.| 2 | | | + " screws and nuts set.| 1-1/4 | | | + " Blanks, Composition No.| 1-1/4 | | | +MATCH-STAVES No.| 1/10 | | | +MUZZLE-BAGS No.| 1 | | | +PINS, for Breeching | | | | + Shackles, spare No.| 2 | | | +PINS, for Shackles in | | | | + brackets of Carriages, | | | | + spare No.| 2 | | | +PORT-FIRE STAVES No.| 1/10 | | | +PRIMERS for CANNON, quill No.| | One hundred and | + | |twenty for each | + | |100 rounds. | +PRIMERS for CANNON, | | | | + friction (copper) No.| 50 | | | +PRIMERS for CANNON, friction | | | | + lanyards, complete No.| 2 | | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | | As many as | + wood No.| |needed, to be | + | |accounted for by | + | |Gunner. | + | | | + | | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | | As many as | + tin No.| |needed, to be | + | |accounted for by | + | |Gunner. | + | | | + | | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | | As many as | + Keys for No.| |needed, to be | + | |accounted for by | + | |Gunner. | + | | | + | | | +PRIMING-WIRES, Cannon No.| 2 | | | +PUNCHES for SHACKLE-PINS No.| 2/10 | | | +QUOINS, Ordinary, for | | | | + Carriages requiring them No.| 1-1/10 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +LOCKS, Cannon No.| | | | | | | + " strings No.| | | | | | | + " Toggles No.| | | | | | | + " screws and nuts set.| | | | | | | + " Blanks, Composition No.| | | | | | | +MATCH-STAVES No.| | | | | | | +MUZZLE-BAGS No.| | | | | | | +PINS, for Breeching | | | | | | | + Shackles, spare No.| | | | | | | +PINS, for Shackles in | | | | | | | + brackets of Carriages, | | | | | | | + spare No.| | | | | | | +PORT-FIRE STAVES No.| | | | | | | +PRIMERS for CANNON, quill No.| One hundred and | + |twenty for each | + |100 rounds. | +PRIMERS for CANNON, | | | | | | | + friction (copper) No.| | | | | | | +PRIMERS for CANNON, friction | | | | | | | + lanyards, complete No.| | | | | | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | As many as | + wood No.|needed, to be | + |accounted for by | + |Gunner. | + | | + | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | As many as | + tin No.|needed, to be | + |accounted for by | + |Gunner. | + | | + | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | As many as | + Keys for No.|needed, to be | + |accounted for by | + |Gunner. | + | | + | | +PRIMING-WIRES, Cannon No.| | | | | | | +PUNCHES for SHACKLE-PINS No.| | | | | | | +QUOINS, Ordinary, for | | | | | | | + Carriages requiring them No.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +LOCKS, Cannon No.| | | | | | | | | + " strings No.| | | | | | | | | + " Toggles No.| | | | | | | | | + " screws and nuts set.| | | | | | | | | + " Blanks, Composition No.| | | | | | | | | +MATCH-STAVES No.| | | | | | | | | +MUZZLE-BAGS No.| | | | | | | | | +PINS, for Breeching | | | | | | | | | + Shackles, spare No.| | | | | | | | | +PINS, for Shackles in | | | | | | | | | + brackets of Carriages, | | | | | | | | | + spare No.| | | | | | | | | +PORT-FIRE STAVES No.| | | | | | | | | +PRIMERS for CANNON, quill No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +PRIMERS for CANNON, | | | | | | | | | + friction (copper) No.| | | | | | | | | +PRIMERS for CANNON, friction | | | | | | | | | + lanyards, complete No.| | | | | | | | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | As many | | | | | | | + wood No.|as needed| | | | | | | + |to be | | | | | | | + |accounted| | | | | | | + |for by | | | | | | | + |Gunner. | | | | | | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | As many | | | | | | | + tin No.|as needed| | | | | | | + |to be | | | | | | | + |accounted| | | | | | | + |for by | | | | | | | + |Gunner. | | | | | | | +PRIMERS Packing-boxes, | As many | | | | | | | + Keys for No.|as needed| | | | | | | + |to be | | | | | | | + |accounted| | | | | | | + |for by | | | | | | | + |Gunner. | | | | | | | +PRIMING-WIRES, Cannon No.| | | | | | | | | +PUNCHES for SHACKLE-PINS No.| | | | | | | | | +QUOINS, Ordinary, for | | | | | | | | | + Carriages requiring them No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +QUOINS, Chocking No.| | | | | | | | | +QUOINS, Transom, for | | | | | | | | | + Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +RAMMERS No.| | | | | | | | | +SABOTS, for Bouched Shells No.| | | | | | | | +SCREWS, Compressing, for | | | | | | | | | + Friction-Carriages, spare No.| | | | | | | | | +SCREWS, Elevating, for guns | | | | | | | | | + needing them No.| | | | | | | | | +SELVAGEES for BREECHINGS sets.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, loaded and | | | | | | | | | + fuzed, for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, loaded | | | | | | | | | + and fuzed, for Pivot | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, loaded and | | | | | | | | | + fuzed, for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, loaded and | | | | | | | | | + fuzed, for Pivot Rifled | | | | | | | | | + Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, not loaded | | | | | | | | | + nor fuzed, for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, not loaded | | | | | | | | | + nor fuzed, for Pivot | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, not loaded | | | | | | | | | + nor fuzed, for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + Note *: Fuzes, one-half percussion, one-half time. + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, not loaded | | | | + nor fuzed, for Pivot | | | | + Rifled-Guns No.| 35[A] | | | +SHELLS in boxes or bags, | | | | + loaded and fuzed, for | | | | + XV-inch Guns No.| 50 | | | +SHOT, Grape, stands for each | | | | + Smooth-bore Pivot-Gun No.| 5 | | | +SHOT, Grape, stands for | | | | + each Smooth-bore | | | | + Broadside-Gun No.| 5 | | | +SHOT, Cored, for XV-inch | | | | + Guns No.| 5 | | | +SHOT,[B] Solid, for XV-inch | | | | + Guns No.| 10 | | | +SHOT, Solid, for Broadside | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| 10 | | | +SHOT, Solid, for Pivot | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| 10 | | | +SHOT, Solid, Rifle, for | | | | + Broadside Rifled Guns No.| 10 | | | +SHOT, Solid, Rifle, for | | | | + Pivot Rifled Guns No.| 15 | | | +SHOT, Solid, (round) for | | | | + Broadside Rifled Guns No.| 10 | | | +SHOT, Solid, (round) for | | | | + Pivot Rifled Guns No.| 15 | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Broadside, | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| 15 | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Pivot | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| 35 | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Broadside | | | | + Rifled Guns No.| 15 | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Pivot Rifled | | | | + Guns No.| 25 | | | +SHRAPNEL, for XV-inch guns No.| 15 | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, not loaded | | | | | | | + nor fuzed, for Pivot | | | | | | | + Rifled-Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes or bags, | | | | | | | + loaded and fuzed, for | | | | | | | + XV-inch Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Grape, stands for each | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Pivot-Gun No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Grape, stands for | | | | | | | + each Smooth-bore | | | | | | | + Broadside-Gun No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Cored, for XV-inch | | | | | | | + Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT,[B] Solid, for XV-inch | | | | | | | + Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, for Broadside | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, for Pivot | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, Rifle, for | | | | | | | + Broadside Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, Rifle, for | | | | | | | + Pivot Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, (round) for | | | | | | | + Broadside Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, (round) for | | | | | | | + Pivot Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Broadside, | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Pivot | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Broadside | | | | | | | + Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Pivot Rifled | | | | | | | + Guns No.| | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for XV-inch guns No.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes, not loaded | | | | | | | | | + nor fuzed, for Pivot | | | | | | | | | + Rifled-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHELLS in boxes or bags, | | | | | | | | | + loaded and fuzed, for | | | | | | | | | + XV-inch Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Grape, stands for each | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Pivot-Gun No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Grape, stands for | | | | | | | | | + each Smooth-bore | | | | | | | | | + Broadside-Gun No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Cored, for XV-inch | | | | | | | | | + Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT,[B] Solid, for XV-inch | | | | | | | | | + Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, for Pivot | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, Rifle, for | | | | | | | | | + Broadside Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, Rifle, for | | | | | | | | | + Pivot Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, (round) for | | | | | | | | | + Broadside Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOT, Solid, (round) for | | | | | | | | | + Pivot Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Broadside, | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Pivot | | | | | | | | | + Smooth-bore Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Broadside | | | | | | | | | + Rifled Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for Pivot Rifled | | | | | | | | | + Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SHRAPNEL, for XV-inch guns No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + Note A: Fuzes, one-half percussion, one-half time. + Note B: When _steel_ shot are to be furnished, the number will be + designated by the Bureau. + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +SHELL-BEARERS for all | | | | + Pivot-guns of heavy | | | | + calibre. No.| 2 | | | +SIGHTS sets.| 1-1/10 | | | +SIGHTS Reinforce No.| 1-1/10 | | | +SIGHTS Reinforce Bands, | | | | + Screws No.| 1-1/10 | | | +SIGHTS Bolts and Nuts No.| 1-1/10 | | | +SIGHTS Screws for | | | | + Reinforce No.| 1-1/10 | | | +SIGHTS Thumb-screws, spare No.| 1 | | | +SIGHTS Breech-side or | | | | + Trunnion, for Pivot-Guns No.| 1 | | | +SPONGES, Sheepskin No.| 1-3/10 | | | +SPONGES, Bristle No.| | One to each | + | |division for each| + | |calibre, for | + | |cleaning guns. | + | | | +SPONGE-CAPS, Canvas No.| 1-3/10 | | | +STRAPS for Bouched Shells No.| | One for each | + | |empty shell. | +TACKLES, Gun set.| 1 | | | +TACKLES, Gun Spare No.| 1 | | | +TACKLES, Gun Pivot, if | | | | + required No.| 1 | | | +TACKLES, Gun Port, lower | | | | + deck set.| 2 | | | +THUMB-STALLS No.| 2 | Eight to each | + | |reserve box. | +TOMPIONS, with wads and | | | | + lanyards No.| 1-1/10 | | | +TRUCKS, spare, | | | | + lignum-vitae No.| 2/10 | | | +TRANSPORTING TRUCKS sets.| | One for each | + | |class of guns on | + | |friction | + | |carriages. | + | | | +TRANSPORTING AXLES No.| | One for each | + | |class of guns on | + | |friction | + | |carriages. | + | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +SHELL-BEARERS for all | | | | | | | + Pivot-guns of heavy | | | | | | | + calibre. No.| | | | | | | +SIGHTS sets.| | | | | | | +SIGHTS Reinforce No.| | | | | | | +SIGHTS Reinforce Bands, | | | | | | | + Screws No.| | | | | | | +SIGHTS Bolts and Nuts No.| | | | | | | +SIGHTS Screws for | | | | | | | + Reinforce No.| | | | | | | +SIGHTS Thumb-screws, spare No.| | | | | | | +SIGHTS Breech-side or | | | | | | | + Trunnion, for Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | +SPONGES, Sheepskin No.| | | | | | | +SPONGES, Bristle No.| One to each division for each | + |calibre, for cleaning guns. | + | | + | | + | | +SPONGE-CAPS, Canvas No.| | | | | | | +STRAPS for Bouched Shells No.| One for each | | | | + |empty shell. | | | | +TACKLES, Gun set.| | | | | | | +TACKLES, Gun Spare No.| | | | | | | +TACKLES, Gun Pivot, if | | | | | | | + required set.| | | | | | | +TACKLES, Gun Port, lower | | | | | | | + deck No.| | | | | | | +THUMB-STALLS No.| Eight to each | | | + |reserve box. | | | +TOMPIONS, with wads and | | | | | | | + lanyards No.| | | | | | | +TRUCKS, spare, | | | | | | | + lignum-vitae No.| | | | | | | +TRANSPORTING TRUCKS sets.| One for each class of guns on | + |friction carriages. | + | | + | | + | | +TRANSPORTING AXLES No.| One for each class of guns on | + |friction carriages. | + | | + | | + | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SHELL-BEARERS for all | | | | | | | | | + Pivot-guns of heavy | | | | | | | | | + calibre. No.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS sets.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS Reinforce No.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS Reinforce Bands, | | | | | | | | | + Screws No.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS Bolts and Nuts No.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS Screws for | | | | | | | | | + Reinforce No.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS Thumb-screws, spare No.| | | | | | | | | +SIGHTS Breech-side or | | | | | | | | | + Trunnion, for Pivot-Guns No.| | | | | | | | | +SPONGES, Sheepskin No.| | | | | | | | | +SPONGES, Bristle No.| One to each | | | | | | + |division for | | | | | | + |each calibre, | | | | | | + |for cleaning | | | | | | + |guns. | | | | | | +SPONGE-CAPS, Canvas No.| | | | | | | | | +STRAPS for Bouched Shells No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TACKLES, Gun set.| | | | | | | | | +TACKLES, Gun Spare No.| | | | | | | | | +TACKLES, Gun Pivot, if | | | | | | | | | + required set.| | | | | | | | | +TACKLES, Gun Port, lower | | | | | | | | | + deck No.| | | | | | | | | +THUMB-STALLS No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TOMPIONS, with wads and | | | | | | | | | + lanyards No.| | | | | | | | | +TRUCKS, spare, | | | | | | | | | + lignum-vitae No.| | | | | | | | | +TRANSPORTING TRUCKS sets.| One for | | | | | | | + |each class | | | | | | + |of guns on | | | | | | + |friction | | | | | | + |carriages| | | | | | | +TRANSPORTING AXLES No.| One for | | | | | | | + |each class | | | | | | + |of guns on | | | | | | + |friction | | | | | | | + |carriages| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +TUBS, Division No.| | One for each | + | |division | +VENT-DRILLS, with Braces sets.| | One for each | + | |division | +VENT-GUARDS No.| 1 | | | +VENT-PUNCHES No.| 2/10 | | | +WADS, Junk No.| 10 | | | +WADS, Selvagee No.| | One to each shot| + | |and shell. Not to| + | |be put in box. | + | | | + | | | + | | | +WORMS, Robinson's No.| 2/10 | | | +WRENCHES, Fuze, with | | | | + water-cap drivers No.| 2/10 | | | +WRENCHES, Screw, Patent No.| | Two to each | + | |vessel for | + | |tightening bolts.| + | | | | + | | | | +_Small Arms._ | | | | + | | | | +ARM-CHESTS (not lined) No.| | As required. | +AXES, Battle, with frogs No.| | Number required | + | |by Article 101, | + | |Part I., to arm | + | |crew. | + | | | +BELTS, Waist No.| | Sufficient to | + | |supply arms | + | |furnished. | +CAPS, Percussion, Navy No.| | 200 per piece. | +CAPS, Percussion, Revolver No.| | 200 per piece. | +CAPS, Percussion, | | As many as | + Packing-boxes, wood No.| |needed. To be | + | |accounted for by | + | |Gunner. | + | | | + | | | +CAPS, Percussion, | | As many as | + Packing-boxes, tin No.| |needed. To be | + | |accounted for by | + | |Gunner. | + | | | + | | | +CAPS, Percussion, | | As many as | + Packing-boxes, Keys for No.| |needed. To be | + | |accounted for by | + | |Gunner. | + | | | + | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +TUBS, Division No.| One for each | | | | + |division | | | | +VENT-DRILLS, with Braces sets.| One for each | | | | + |division | | | | +VENT-GUARDS No.| | | | | | | +VENT-PUNCHES No.| | | | | | | +WADS, Junk No.| | | | | | | +WADS, Selvagee No.| One to each shot and shell. | + |Not to be put in box. | + | | + | | + | | + | | +WORMS, Robinson's No.| | | | | | | +WRENCHES, Fuze, with | | | | | | | + water-cap drivers No.| | | | | | | +WRENCHES, Screw, Patent No.| Two to each vessel for | + |tightening bolts. | + | | + | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +_Small Arms._ | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +ARM-CHESTS (not lined) No.| | | | | | | +AXES, Battle, with frogs No.| Number required by Article | + |101, Part I., to arm crew. | + | | + | | + | | +BELTS, Waist No.| Sufficient to supply | | + |arms furnished. | | + | | | +CAPS, Percussion, Navy No.| | | | | | | +CAPS, Percussion, Revolver No.| | | | | | | +CAPS, Percussion, | As many as needed. To be | + Packing-boxes, wood No.|accounted for by Gunner. | + | | + | | + | | + | | +CAPS, Percussion, | As many as needed. To be | + Packing-boxes, tin No.|accounted for by Gunner. | + | | + | | + | | + | | +CAPS, Percussion, | As many as needed. To be | + Packing-boxes, Keys for No.|accounted for by Gunner. | + | | + | | + | | + | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Articles under proportion | | | | | | | | | +to Guns of Battery._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TUBS, Division No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +VENT-DRILLS, with Braces sets.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +VENT-GUARDS No.| | | | | | | | | +VENT-PUNCHES No.| | | | | | | | | +WADS, Junk No.| | | | | | | | | +WADS, Selvagee No.| One to | | | | | | | + |each shot| | | | | | | + |and shell| | | | | | | + |Not to be| | | | | | | + |put in | | | | | | | + |box. | | | | | | | +WORMS, Robinson's No.| | | | | | | | | +WRENCHES, Fuze, with | | | | | | | | | + water-cap drivers No.| | | | | | | | | +WRENCHES, Screw, Patent No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +_Small Arms._ | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +ARM-CHESTS (not lined) No.| | | | | | | | | +AXES, Battle, with frogs No.| Number | | | | | | | + |required | | | | | | | + |by Article | | | | | | + |101, Part I., | | | | | | + |to arm crew. | | | | | | +BELTS, Waist No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CAPS, Percussion, Navy No.| | | | | | | | | +CAPS, Percussion, Revolver No.| | | | | | | | | +CAPS, Percussion, | As many | | | | | | | + Packing-boxes, wood No.|as needed| | | | | | | + |To be | | | | | | | + |accounted| | | | | | | + |for by | | | | | | | + |Gunner. | | | | | | | +CAPS, Percussion, | As many | | | | | | | + Packing-boxes, tin No.|as needed| | | | | | | + |To be | | | | | | | + |accounted| | | | | | | + |for by | | | | | | | + |Gunner. | | | | | | | +CAPS, Percussion, | As many | | | | | | | + Packing-boxes, Keys for No.|as needed| | | | | | | + |To be | | | | | | | + |accounted| | | | | | | + |for by | | | | | | | + |Gunner. | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Musket, | | Sufficient to | + leather No.| | supply arms | + | |furnished. | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Carbine or | | Sufficient to | + Rifle, leather No.| | supply arms | + | |furnished. | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Pistol or | | Sufficient to | + Revolver, leather No.| | supply arms | + | |furnished. | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Revolver, | | Sufficient to | + leather No.| | supply arms | + | |furnished. | +CARTRIDGE PAPER, reams No.| | 3 | 2 | +CARBINES or RIFLES No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as allowed by | + | |Art. 101, Part 1.| +CARBINES Ball-moulds No.| | If needed. | +CARBINES Bayonets, if needed, | | Number required | + with scabbards & frogs No.| |to arm the crew | + | |as allowed by | + | |Art. 101, Part 1.| +CARBINES Cones No.| | 120 | 100 | +CARBINES Cones-picks No.| | 12 | 10 | +CARBINES Screw-drivers | | | | + and Cone-keys No.| | 12 | 10 | +CARBINES Wiper-rods No.| | 12 | 10 | +CARBINES Wipers No.| | | | +CUTLASSES and SCABBARDS No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as allowed by | + | |Art. 101, Part 1.| +CUTLASSES Frogs No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as allowed by | + | |Art. 101, Part 1.| +LACQUER, for small arms galls.| | 8 | 6 | +LACQUER, Tin Cans for No.| | As required. | +MUSKETS, Rifled No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as allowed by | + | |Art. 101, Part 1.| +MUSKETS, Ball-Moulds No.| | 1 | 1 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Musket, | Sufficient to | | + leather No.|supply arms | | + |furnished. | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Carbine or | Sufficient to | | + Rifle, leather No.|supply arms | | + |furnished. | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Pistol or | Sufficient to | | + Revolver, leather No.|supply arms | | + |furnished. | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Revolver, | Sufficient to | | + leather No.|supply arms | | + |furnished. | | +CARTRIDGE PAPER, reams No.| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1/2 | +CARBINES or RIFLES No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as allowed by Art. 101 | + |Part 1. | + | | +CARBINES Ball-moulds No.| If needed. | +CARBINES Bayonets, if needed, | Number required to arm the | + with scabbards & frogs No.|crew as allowed by Art. 101 | + |Part 1. | + | | +CARBINES Cones No.| 80| 80| 70| 60| 50| 20 | +CARBINES Cones-picks No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +CARBINES Screw-drivers | | | | | | | + and Cone-keys No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +CARBINES Wiper-rods No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +CARBINES Wipers No.| | | | | | | +CUTLASSES and SCABBARDS No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as allowed by Art. 101 | + |Part 1. | + | | +CUTLASSES Frogs No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as allowed by Art. 101 | + |Part 1. | + | | +LACQUER, for small arms galls.| 5| 5| 5| 5| 5| 2 | +LACQUER, Tin Cans for No.| | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Rifled No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as allowed by Art. 101 | + |Part 1. | + | | +MUSKETS, Ball-Moulds No.| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Musket, | | | | | | | | | + leather No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Carbine or | | | | | | | | | + Rifle, leather No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Pistol or | | | | | | | | | + Revolver, leather No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, Revolver, | | | | | | | | | + leather No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGE PAPER, reams No.| 2| 1| 1|1/2| 2| 1| 1/2|1/2| +CARBINES or RIFLES No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |allowed by Art. | | | | | + |101, Part 1. | | | | | | +CARBINES Ball-moulds No.| If needed. | | | | +CARBINES Bayonets, if needed, | Number required | | | | | + with scabbards & frogs No.|to arm the crew as| | | | | + |allowed by Art. | | | | | + |101, Part 1. | | | | | | +CARBINES Cones No.| 100| 80| 50| 20| 80| 70| 30| 20| +CARBINES Cones-picks No.| 10| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +CARBINES Screw-drivers | | | | | | | | | + and Cone-keys No.| 10| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +CARBINES Wiper-rods No.| 10| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +CARBINES Wipers No.| | | | | | | | | +CUTLASSES and SCABBARDS No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |allowed by Art. | | | | | + |101, Part 1. | | | | | | +CUTLASSES Frogs No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |allowed by Art. | | | | | + |101, Part 1. | | | | | | +LACQUER, for small arms galls.| 6| 5| 5| 3| 5| 5| 3| 2| +LACQUER, Tin Cans for No.| | | | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Rifled No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |allowed by Art. | | | | | + |101, Part 1. | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Ball-Moulds No.| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+$/ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +MUSKETS, Ball screws and | | | | + wipers No.| | 27 | 13 | +MUSKETS, Bands, sets No.| | 14 | 6 | +MUSKETS, Bayonets, Scabbards, | | Sufficient for | + and Frogs No.| |arms furnished. | +MUSKETS, Breech-screws No.| | 7 | 3 | +MUSKETS, | | | | + Cartridge-formers sets.| | 2 | 2 | +MUSKETS, Cones No.| | 270 | 120 | +MUSKETS, Cones picks No.| | 27 | 12 | +MUSKETS, Guard-screws No.| | 14 | 6 | +MUSKETS, Hammers No.| | 14 | 6 | +MUSKETS, Hand-vices, | | | | + spring No.| | 14 | 6 | +MUSKETS, Locks, complete No.| | 7 | 3 | +MUSKETS, Lock-screws, | | | | + spare, small No.| | 75 | 30 | +MUSKETS, Screw-drivers | | | | + and Cone-keys No.| | 27 | 12 | +MUSKETS, Side-screws, | | | | + spare No.| | 27 | 12 | +MUSKETS, Springs sets.| | 14 | 6 | +MUSKETS, Tang-screws No.| | 14 | 6 | +MUSKETS, Triggers No.| | 7 | 3 | +MUSKETS, Wire and Tumbler | | | | + Punches No.| | 14 | 6 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Ball screws and | | | | | | | + wipers No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +MUSKETS, Bands, sets No.| 4| 4| 3| 3| 2| 1 | +MUSKETS, Bayonets, Scabbards, | Sufficient for | | | + and Frogs No.|arms furnished. | | | +MUSKETS, Breech-screws No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +MUSKETS, | | | | | | | + Cartridge-formers sets.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +MUSKETS, Cones No.| 80| 80| 70| 60| 50| 20 | +MUSKETS, Cones picks No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +MUSKETS, Guard-screws No.| 4| 4| 4| 3| 3| 1 | +MUSKETS, Hammers No.| 4| 4| 4| 3| 3| 1 | +MUSKETS, Hand-vices, | | | | | | | + spring No.| 4| 4| 4| 3| 3| 1 | +MUSKETS, Locks, complete No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +MUSKETS, Lock-screws, | | | | | | | + spare, small No.| 20| 20| 18| 15| 13| 5 | +MUSKETS, Screw-drivers | | | | | | | + and Cone-keys No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +MUSKETS, Side-screws, | | | | | | | + spare No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +MUSKETS, Springs sets.| 4| 4| 3| 3| 2| 1 | +MUSKETS, Tang-screws No.| 4| 4| 3| 3| 2| 1 | +MUSKETS, Triggers No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +MUSKETS, Wire and Tumbler | | | | | | | + Punches No.| 4| 4| 4| 3| 3| 2 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Ball screws and | | | | | | | | | + wipers No.| 12| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +MUSKETS, Bands, sets No.| 6| 4| 3| 1| 4| 3| 2| 1| +MUSKETS, Bayonets, Scabbards, | | | | | | | | | + and Frogs No.| | | | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Breech-screws No.| 3| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1| +MUSKETS, | | | | | | | | | + Cartridge-formers sets.| 2| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 2| 1| +MUSKETS, Cones No.| 120| 80| 50| 20| 80| 70| 30| 20| +MUSKETS, Cones picks No.| 12| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +MUSKETS, Guard-screws No.| 6| 4| 3| 1| 4| 4| 2| 1| +MUSKETS, Hammers No.| 6| 4| 3| 1| 4| 4| 2| 1| +MUSKETS, Hand-vices, | | | | | | | | | + spring No.| 6| 4| 3| 1| 4| 4| 2| 1| +MUSKETS, Locks, complete No.| 3| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1| +MUSKETS, Lock-screws, | | | | | | | | | + spare, small No.| 30| 20| 13| 5| 20| 18| 8| 5| +MUSKETS, Screw-drivers | | | | | | | | | + and Cone-keys No.| 12| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +MUSKETS, Side-screws, | | | | | | | | | + spare No.| 12| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +MUSKETS, Springs sets.| 6| 4| 3| 1| 4| 3| 2| 1| +MUSKETS, Tang-screws No.| 6| 4| 3| 1| 4| 3| 2| 1| +MUSKETS, Triggers No.| 3| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1| +MUSKETS, Wire and Tumbler | | | | | | | | | + Punches No.| 6| 4| 3| 2| 4| 4| 2| 2| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +MUSKETS, Wipers, bristle No.| | 27 | 12 | +MUSKETS, Worms and | | | | + Scrapers No.| | 14 | 6 | +MUSKETS, Scraper, Crane's No.| | Half the above. | +PISTOLS, Navy No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as allowed by | + | |Art. 101, Part 1.| +PISTOLS, Ball-moulds No.| | 2 | 2 | +PISTOLS, Cartridge-formers No.| | 2 | 2 | +PISTOLS, Cones, spare No.| | 18 | 11 | +PISTOLS, Frogs No.| | Sufficient for | + | |arms furnished. | +PISTOLS, Screw-drivers and | | | | + Cone-keys No.| | 18 | 11 | +PISTOLS, Worms and | | | | + Scrapers No.| | 18 | 11 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as allowed by | + | |Art. 101, Part 1.| +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | + Bullet-moulds No.| | 2 | 2 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | + Cone-wrenches No.| | 18 | 11 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Extra | | | | + bolts No.| | 18 | 11 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Cones No.| | 185 | 110 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Hammers No.| | 30 | 20 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Hands No.| | 18 | 11 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | + Lock-screws No.| | 18 | 11 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | + Triggers No.| | 18 | 11 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Wipers, bristle No.| 8| 8| 7| 6| 5| 2 | +MUSKETS, Worms and | | | | | | | + Scrapers No.| 4| 4| 4| 3| 3| 2 | +MUSKETS, Scraper, Crane's No.| Half the above. | +PISTOLS, Navy No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as allowed by Art. 101 | + |Part 1. | + | | +PISTOLS, Ball-moulds No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2 | +PISTOLS, Cartridge-formers No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2 | +PISTOLS, Cones, spare No.| 8| 8| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +PISTOLS, Frogs No.| Sufficient for arms furnished.| + | | +PISTOLS, Screw-drivers and | | | | | | | + Cone-keys No.| 8| 8| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +PISTOLS, Worms and | | | | | | | + Scrapers No.| 8| 8| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as allowed by Art. 101 | + |Part 1. | + | | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | + Bullet-moulds No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | + Cone-wrenches No.| 8| 8| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Extra | | | | | | | + bolts No.| 7| 7| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Cones No.| 76| 76| 60| 50| 40| 20 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Hammers No.| 15| 15| 10| 10| 8| 5 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers Hands No.| 7| 7| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | + Lock-screws No.| 7| 7| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | + Triggers No.| 7| 7| 6| 5| 4| 2 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +MUSKETS, Wipers, bristle No.| 12| 8| 5| 2| 8| 7| 3| 2| +MUSKETS, Worms and | | | | | | | | | + Scrapers No.| 6| 4| 3| 1| 4| 4| 2| 2| +MUSKETS, Scraper, Crane's No.| Half the above. | | | | +PISTOLS, Navy No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |allowed by Art. | | | | | + |101, Part 1. | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Ball-moulds No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| +PISTOLS, Cartridge-formers No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| +PISTOLS, Cones, spare No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 8| 6| 3| 2| +PISTOLS, Frogs No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Screw-drivers and | | | | | | | | | + Cone-keys No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 8| 6| 3| 2| +PISTOLS, Worms and | | | | | | | | | + Scrapers No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 8| 6| 3| 2| +PISTOLS, Revolvers No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |allowed by Art. | | | | | + |101, Part 1. | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | | | + Bullet-moulds No.| 2| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | | | + Cone-wrenches No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 8| 6| 3| 2| +PISTOLS, Revolvers Extra | | | | | | | | | + bolts No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 7| 6| 2| 2| +PISTOLS, Revolvers Cones No.| 120| 80| 40| 20| 76| 60| 25| 20| +PISTOLS, Revolvers Hammers No.| 20| 15| 10| 5| 15| 10| 5| 5| +PISTOLS, Revolvers Hands No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 7| 6| 2| 2| +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | | | + Lock-screws No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 7| 6| 2| 2| +PISTOLS, Revolvers | | | | | | | | | + Triggers No.| 12| 8| 4| 2| 7| 6| 2| 2| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +PISTOLS, Revolvers, Main | | | | + and Sear Springs No.| | 30 | 20 | +PISTOLS, Flasks No.| | | | +PISTOLS, Frogs No.| | Sufficient for | + | | arms furnished. | +PISTOLS, Spring-vices No.| | | | +PIKES, Boarding No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as per Art. 101, | + | |Part 1. | +PIKES, Boarding Guards No.| | Number required | + | |to arm the crew | + | |as per Art. 101, | + | |Part 1. | +SINGLE STICKS No.| | 70 | 60 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Revolvers, Main | | | | | | | + and Sear Springs No.| 15| 15| 10| 10| 8| 5 | +PISTOLS, Flasks No.| | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Frogs No.| Sufficient for | | + |arms furnished. | | +PISTOLS, Spring-vices No.| | | | | | | +PIKES, Boarding No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as per Art. 101 Part 1. | + | | + | | +PIKES, Boarding Guards No.| Number required to arm the | + |crew as per Art. 101 Part 1. | + | | + | | +SINGLE STICKS No.| 50| 50| 40| 40| 30| 20 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Small Arms_--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Revolvers, Main | | | | | | | | | + and Sear Springs No.| 20| 15| 10| 5| 15| 10| 5| 5| +PISTOLS, Flasks No.| | | | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Frogs No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +PISTOLS, Spring-vices No.| | | | | | | | | +PIKES, Boarding No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |per Art. 101, | | | | | + |Part 1. | | | | | +PIKES, Boarding Guards No.| Number required | | | | | + |to arm the crew as| | | | | + |per Art. 101, | | | | | + |Part 1. | | | | | +SINGLE STICKS No.| 60| 50| 40| 20| 50| 40| 30| 20| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | + | | | | +ADZES, Copper No.| | One to each | + | |magazine. | +BUCKETS, Water, | | One to each | + Copper-bound No.| |magazine and | + | |shell-room. | +BRUSHES, Dusting No.| | Two to each | + | |magazine. | +BRUSHES, Paint No.| | Two to each gun,| + | |assorted sizes. | +CANS, Water, Copper-bound No.| | Two to each | + | |magazine and one | + | |to each | + | |shell-room. | + | | | + | | | +CARTRIDGES, Carbine, ball No.| | 100 per piece, | + | |200 if | + | |breech-loader. | +CARTRIDGES, Musket, ball No.| | 100 per piece. | +CARTRIDGES, Musket, blank No.| | 20 per piece. | +CARTRIDGES, Buckshot No.| | 20 per piece. | +CARTRIDGES, Pistol, ball No.| | 100 per piece. | +CARTRIDGES, Revolver, ball No.| | 100 per piece. | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | As required. To | + for Carbine No.| |be accounted | + | |for by Gunner. | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | As required. To | + for Musket No.| |be accounted | + | |for by Gunner. | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | As required. To | + for Rifle No.| |be accounted | + | |for by Gunner. | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | As required. To | + for Pistol No.| |be accounted | + | |for by Gunner. | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | As required. To | + for Revolver No.| |be accounted | + | |for by Gunner. | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | As required. To | + Keys for No.| |be accounted | + | |for by Gunner. | +CARTRIDGE-BAGS, spare No.| 10 | | | +DUST-PANS, Copper No.| | One to each | + | |magazine. | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +ADZES, Copper No.|One to each | | | | + |magazine. | | | | +BUCKETS, Water, | One to each magazine and | + Copper-bound No.|shell-room. | + | | +BRUSHES, Dusting No.| Two to each | | | | + |magazine. | | | | +BRUSHES, Paint No.| Two to each gun, | | + |assorted sizes. | | +CANS, Water, Copper-bound No.| Two to each magazine and one | + |to each shell-room. | + | | + | | + | | + | | +CARTRIDGES, Carbine, ball No.| 100 per piece, 200 if | + |breech-loader. | + | | +CARTRIDGES, Musket, ball No.| | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Musket, blank No.| | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Buckshot No.| | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Pistol, ball No.| | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Revolver, ball No.| | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | As required. To be accounted | + for Carbine No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | As required. To be accounted | + for Musket No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | As required. To be accounted | + for Rifle No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | As required. To be accounted | + for Pistol No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | As required. To be accounted | + for Revolver No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | As required. To be accounted | + Keys for No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +CARTRIDGE-BAGS, spare No.| | | | | | | +DUST-PANS, Copper No.| One to each magazine. | + | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +ADZES, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BUCKETS, Water, | | | | | | | | | + Copper-bound No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BRUSHES, Dusting No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +BRUSHES, Paint No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CANS, Water, Copper-bound No.| Two to | | | | | | | + |each | | | | | | | + |magazine | | | | | | | + |and one | | | | | | | + |to each | | | | | | | + |shell-room. | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Carbine, ball No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Musket, ball No.| | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Musket, blank No.| | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Buckshot No.| | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Pistol, ball No.| | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Revolver, ball No.| | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for Carbine No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for Musket No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for Rifle No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for Pistol No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for Revolver No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGES, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + Keys for No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CARTRIDGE-BAGS, spare No.| | | | | | | | | +DUST-PANS, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +FIREWORKS, Blue-lights, | | | | + new pattern No.| | 50 | 45 | +FIREWORKS, Red-lights, | | | | + new pattern No.| | 50 | 45 | +FIREWORKS, White-lights, | | | | + new pattern No.| | 50 | 45 | +FIREWORKS, Port-fires No.| | 25 | 20 | +FIREWORKS, Rockets and | | | | + Staves No.| | 100 | 60 | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | | As needed. To | + for blue, white, and red | |be accounted for | + lights No.| |by Gunner. | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | | As needed. To | + for Port-fires No.| |be accounted for | + | |by Gunner. | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | | As needed. To | + for Rockets No.| |be accounted for | + | |by Gunner. | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes, | | As needed. To | + Keys for No.| |be accounted for | + | |by Gunner. | +FORMERS, for cutting | | One set to each | + Cartridge-Bags sets.| |class of | + | |cartridge. | +FUNNELS, for filling | | One to each | + Cartridges No.| |magazine. | +FUNNELS, for filling | | Two to each | + Shells No.| |shell-room. | +FUZES in metal stocks, 5" No.| | One in each | + | |loaded shell. | + | |Spherical. | +FUZES in metal stocks, 5" No.| | One for every | + | |four empty shells| + | | Spherical. | +FUZES in metal stocks, 10" No.| | One for every | + | |four empty shells| + | | Spherical. | +FUZES in metal stocks, 15" No.| | One for every | + | |four empty shells| + | | Spherical. | +FUZES in metal stocks, 20" No.| | One for every | + | |four empty shells| + | | Spherical. | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +FIREWORKS, Blue-lights, | | | | | | | + new pattern No.| 40| 40| 25| 20| 15| 10 | +FIREWORKS, Red-lights, | | | | | | | + new pattern No.| 40| 40| 25| 20| 15| 10 | +FIREWORKS, White-lights, | | | | | | | + new pattern No.| 40| 40| 25| 20| 15| 10 | +FIREWORKS, Port-fires No.| 15| 15| 10| 5| 5| 5 | +FIREWORKS, Rockets and | | | | | | | + Staves No.| 50| 50| 40| 20| 20| 20 | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | As needed. To be accounted | + for blue, white, and red |for by Gunner. | + lights No.| | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | As needed. To be accounted | + for Port-fires No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | As needed. To be accounted | + for Rockets No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes, | As needed. To be accounted | + Keys for No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +FORMERS, for cutting |One set to each class of | + Cartridge-Bags sets.|cartridge. | + | | +FUNNELS, for filling | One to each | | | | + Cartridges No.|magazine. | | | | +FUNNELS, for filling | Two to each | | | | + Shells No.|shell-room. | | | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 5" No.| One in each loaded shell. | + | Spherical. | + | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 5" No.| One for every four empty | + |shells. Spherical. | + | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 10" No.| One for every four empty | + |shells. Spherical. | + | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 15" No.| One for every four empty | + |shells. Spherical. | + | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 20" No.| One for every four empty | + |shells. Spherical. | + | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FIREWORKS, Blue-lights, | | | | | | | | | + new pattern No.| 50| 40| 25| 10| 40| 25| 15| 20| +FIREWORKS, Red-lights, | | | | | | | | | + new pattern No.| 50| 40| 25| 10| 46| 25| 15| 20| +FIREWORKS, White-lights, | | | | | | | | | + new pattern No.| 50| 40| 25| 10| 40| 25| 15| 20| +FIREWORKS, Port-fires No.| 25| 12| 10| 5| 12| 10| 5| 5| +FIREWORKS, Rockets and | | | | | | | | | + Staves No.| 100| 50| 40| 20| 50| 40| 20| 20| +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for blue, white, and red | | | | | | | | | + lights No.| | | | | | | | | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for Port-fires No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + for Rockets No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FIREWORKS, Packing-boxes, | | | | | | | | | + Keys for No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FORMERS, for cutting | | | | | | | | | + Cartridge-Bags sets.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUNNELS, for filling | | | | | | | | | + Cartridges No.| | | | | | | | | +FUNNELS, for filling | | | | | | | | | + Shells No.| | | | | | | | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 5" No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 5" No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 10" No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 15" No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUZES in metal stocks, 20" No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +FUZES, PERCUSSION for | | One-half the | + Rifle-Shell No.| |number of shell. | +FUZES, in metal stocks, | | | + spare, assorted 3-1/2, | |One to four | + 7, 20 sec. No.| |shells. | +FUZES, TIME, for | | One-half the | + Rifle-Shell No.| |number of shell. | +FUZES, Packing-boxes for No.| | As needed. To | + | |be accounted for | + | |by Gunner. | +FUZES, Packing-boxes | | As needed. To | + Keys for No.| |be accounted for | + | |by Gunner. | +FUZES, Plug-extractor No.| | One to each | + | |shell-room. | +HOSE, with Pipes No.| | One to each | + | |magazine and | + | |shell-room. | +KNIVES, Copper No.| | One to each | + | |magazine. | +LAMP-FEEDERS, Tin No.| | One to each | + | |magazine. | +LANTERNS, Copper, with | | One to each | + Lamps No.| |light-box. | +LANTERNS, Glass Chimneys | | Six to each lamp| + for No.| |requiring them. | +MAGAZINE-DRESSES suits.| | 10 | 8 | +MAGAZINE Shoes pair.| | 10 | 8 | +POWDER, Rounds | 110 and 65 extra for | + | |each Pivot-gun. | +POWDER, Musket lbs.| | 150 | 100 | +POWDER, Saluting | 50 and 730 extra for | + | |each flag ship. | + | |Not to be given | + | |to vessels less | + | |than six guns. | +POWDER, Shell-Charges in Bags | | One to each | + | |empty shell. | +POWDER, Measures, | | One to each | + Copper sets.| |magazine and | + | |shell-room. | +POWDER, Whips No.| | As required. | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +FUZES, PERCUSSION for | One-half the | | | + Rifle-Shell No.|number of shell. | | | +FUZES, in metal stocks, | | | | + spare, assorted 3-1/2, |One to four shells.| | | + 7, 20 sec. No.| | | | +FUZES, TIME, for | One-half the | | | + Rifle-Shell No.|number of shell. | | | +FUZES, Packing-boxes for No.| As needed. To be accounted | + |for by Gunner. | + | | +FUZES, Packing-boxes | As needed. To be accounted | + Keys for No.|for by Gunner. | + | | +FUZES, Plug-extractor No.| One to each shell-room. | + | | +HOSE, with Pipes No.| One to each magazine and | + |shell-room. | + | | +KNIVES, Copper No.| One to each | | | | + |magazine. | | | | +LAMP-FEEDERS, Tin No.| One to each | | | | + |magazine. | | | | +LANTERNS, Copper, with |One to each | | | | + Lamps No.|light-box. | | | | +LANTERNS, Glass Chimneys | Six to each lamp | | + for No.|requiring them. | | +MAGAZINE-DRESSES suits.| 8| 8| 6| 3| 4| 2 | +MAGAZINE Shoes pair.| 8| 8| 6| 3| 4| 2 | +POWDER, Rounds | 110, and 65 extra for | | + |each Pivot-gun. | | +POWDER, Musket lbs.| 60| 60| 50| 50| 50| 50 | +POWDER, Saluting |50 and 730 extra for each flag | + |ship. Not to be given to | + |vessels less than six guns. | + | | + | | +POWDER, Shell-Charges in Bags | One to each empty shell. | + | | +POWDER, Measures, | One to each magazine and | + Copper sets.|shell-room. | + | | +POWDER, Whips No.| As required. | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUZES, PERCUSSION for | | | | | | | | | + Rifle-Shell No.| | | | | | | | | +FUZES, in metal stocks, | | | | | | | | | + spare, assorted 3-1/2, | | | | | | | | | + 7, 20 sec. No.| | | | | | | | | +FUZES, TIME, for | | | | | | | | | + Rifle-Shell No.| | | | | | | | | +FUZES, Packing-boxes for No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUZES, Packing-boxes | | | | | | | | | + Keys for No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +FUZES, Plug-extractor No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +HOSE, with Pipes No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +KNIVES, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +LAMP-FEEDERS, Tin No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +LANTERNS, Copper, with | | | | | | | | | + Lamps No.| | | | | | | | | +LANTERNS, Glass Chimneys | | | | | | | | | + for No.| | | | | | | | | +MAGAZINE-DRESSES suits.| 8| 6| 4| 2| 8| 6| 4| 2| +MAGAZINE Shoes pair.| 8| 6| 4| 2| 8| 6| 4| 2| +POWDER, Rounds | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +POWDER, Musket lbs.| 110| 65| 50| 50| 60| 50| 50| 50| +POWDER, Saluting |50 and 730 extra for each flag ship. | + |Not to be given to vessels | + |less than six guns. | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +POWDER, Shell-Charges in Bags | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +POWDER, Measures, | | | | | | | | | + Copper sets.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +POWDER, Whips No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +SCISSORS, Lamp No.| | One pair to each| + | |light-box. | +SCOOPS, Copper No.| | Two to each | + | |magazine. | +SCREENS, Baize No.| | Two to each | + | |magazine and | + | |shell-room, if | + | |required. | +SWABS No.| | Two to each | + | |magazine, if | + | |required. | +TANKS, Powder, Copper No.| | Enough to hold | + | |_all_ the powder.| +TANK-SCREWS, Spare No.| |One to ten tanks.| +TANK Wrenches No.| | One to each | + | |magazine when | + | |necessary. | +TANK Heavers, Copper No.| | One to each | + | |magazine. | +VICES, Copper No.| | One to each | + | |vessel. | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +SCISSORS, Lamp No.| One pair to each | | + |light-box. | | +SCOOPS, Copper No.| Two to each magazine. | | + | | | +SCREENS, Baize No.| Two to each magazine | | + |and shell-room, if | | + |required. | | + | | | +SWABS No.|Two to each magazine, | | + |if required. | | + | | | +TANKS, Powder, Copper No.| Enough to hold _all_ | | + |the powder. | | +TANK-SCREWS, Spare No.| One to ten tanks. | | | +TANK Wrenches No.| One to each magazine | | + |when necessary. | | + | | | +TANK Heavers, Copper No.| One to each | | | | + |magazine. | | | | +VICES, Copper No.|One to each | | | | + |vessel. | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Magazine Stores, &c._ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SCISSORS, Lamp No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SCOOPS, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SCREENS, Baize No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SWABS No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TANKS, Powder, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TANK-SCREWS, Spare No.| | | | | | | | | +TANK Wrenches No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +TANK Heavers, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +VICES, Copper No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | + | | | | +AWLS, Saddlers No.| | 36 | 24 | +AXES, Wood No.| | 6 | 5 | +BEESWAX lbs.| | One pound to | + | |each gun, two to | + | |each shell and | + | |pivot gun. | +BOLTS, Clevis No.| | As required. | +BOXES, Division, Supply and | | | | + Reserve No.| | One of each to | + | |each division of | + | |guns. | +CALLIPERS No.| | | | +CAMPHOR lbs.| | 6 | 5 | +CHESTS, Arm, for Boats No.| | One to each | + | |launch and first | + | |cutter. | +CHUTE, Powder No.| | One to each | + | |scuttle. | +EMERY (for Armorer's use) lbs.| | 5 | 4 | +FILES, Rat-tail, for Spikes | | | | + for Howitzers No.| 2 | | | +FLASH-PANS, Copper No.| | 2 | 2 | +GLASS, thick plates No.| | Half set to each| + | |battle-lantern, | + | |cut to fit. | +GONGS No.| | One to each | + | |gun-deck. | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +AWLS, Saddlers No.| 18| 18| 12| 12| 12| 6 | +AXES, Wood No.| 5| 5| 4| 4| 3| 2 | +BEESWAX lbs.| One pound to each gun, two to | + |each shell and pivot gun. | + | | + | | +BOLTS, Clevis No.| As required. | +BOXES, Division, Supply and | | | | | | | + Reserve No.| One of each to each division | + |of guns. | + | | +CALLIPERS No.| | | | | | | +CAMPHOR lbs.| 4| 4| 3| 3| 2| 1 | +CHESTS, Arm, for Boats No.|One to each launch and | | + |first cutter. | | + | | | +CHUTE, Powder No.| One to each | | | | + |scuttle. | | | | +EMERY (for Armorer's use) lbs.| 3| 3| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +FILES, Rat-tail, for Spikes | | | | | | | + for Howitzers No.| | | | | | | +FLASH-PANS, Copper No.| 2| 2| 2| 1| 1| 1 | +GLASS, thick plates No.| Half set to each | + |battle-lantern, cut to fit. | + | | +GONGS No.|One to each | | | | + |gun-deck. | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +AWLS, Saddlers No.| 24| 18| 12| 6| 24| 18| 12| 6| +AXES, Wood No.| 5| 5| 4| 3| 5| 4| 3| 2| +BEESWAX lbs.| One pound to | | | | | | + |each gun, two | | | | | | + |to each shell | | | | | | + |and pivot gun.| | | | | | +BOLTS, Clevis No.| | | | | | | | | +BOXES, Division, Supply and | | | | | | | | | + Reserve No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CALLIPERS No.| | | | | | | | | +CAMPHOR lbs.| 5| 4| 2| 1| 4| 3| 2| 1| +CHESTS, Arm, for Boats No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +CHUTE, Powder No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +EMERY (for Armorer's use) lbs.| 4| 3| 2| 1| 4| 3| 2| 1| +FILES, Rat-tail, for Spikes | | | | | | | | | + for Howitzers No.| | | | | | | | | +FLASH-PANS, Copper No.| 2| 2| 1| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1| +GLASS, thick plates No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +GONGS No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +GRUBBING-HOE and PICKAXE, | | One to each | + combined No.| |field-carriage. | +HAMMERS, Claw No.| | 2 | 2 | +HAMMERS, Saddler's No.| | 2 | 2 | +KNIVES, Shoe No.| | 3 | 2 | +LADLES, Shot, great guns No.| | One to each | + | |calibre. | +LANTERNS, Dark, (small, | | | | + with Reflectors) No.| 1/10 | | | +LEAD, Black, pulverized lbs.| | 24 | 12 | +LOCK-STRINGS, spare faths.| 3 | | | +LOCKS, PAD, Brass, | | | | + and Keys No.| | Two to each | + | |magazine and | + | |light box scuttle| + | |and arm-chest. | +MATCH-ROPE lbs.| | 50 | 40 | +MUSLIN for TARGETS yds.| | 50 | 50 | +OIL, Sperm, for Small | | | | + Arms galls.| | 10 | 8 | +OIL, Sperm, Tin Cans for No.| | As needed. | +NAILS, 3d, for strapping | | | | + Shell lbs.| | 10 | 5 | +PENDULUM No.| | | | +PUTTY, in Bladders lbs.| | 100 | 75 | +QUADRANT, GUNNER'S No.| | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +GRUBBING-HOE and PICKAXE, | One to each | | | + combined No.|field-carriage. | | | +HAMMERS, Claw No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +HAMMERS, Saddler's No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1 | +KNIVES, Shoe No.| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2 | +LADLES, Shot, great guns No.| One to each | | | | + |calibre. | | | | +LANTERNS, Dark, (small, | | | | | | | + with Reflectors) No.| | | | | | | +LEAD, Black, pulverized lbs.| 6| 6| 6| 5| 4| 3 | +LOCK-STRINGS, spare faths.| | | | | | | +LOCKS, PAD, Brass, | | | | | | | + and Keys No.| Two to each magazine and light| + |box scuttle and arm-chest. | + | | + | | +MATCH-ROPE lbs.| 30| 30| 25| 25| 20| 10 | +MUSLIN for TARGETS yds.| 50| 50| 40| 40| 40| 20 | +OIL, Sperm, for Small | | | | | | | + Arms galls.| 6| 6| 5| 5| 5| 3 | +OIL, Sperm, Tin Cans for No.| | | | | | | +NAILS, 3d, for strapping | | | | | | | + Shell lbs.| 3| 3| 2| 1| 2| 1 | +PENDULUM No.| | | | | | | +PUTTY, in Bladders lbs.| 50| 50| 45| 20| 40| 20 | +QUADRANT, GUNNER'S No.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +GRUBBING-HOE and PICKAXE, | | | | | | | | | + combined No.| | | | | | | | | +HAMMERS, Claw No.| 2| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1| +HAMMERS, Saddler's No.| 2| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1| +KNIVES, Shoe No.| 2| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| 1| 1| +LADLES, Shot, great guns No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +LANTERNS, Dark, (small, | | | | | | | | | + with Reflectors) No.| | | | | | | | | +LEAD, Black, pulverized lbs.| 12| 6| 5| 3| 6| 5| 4| 3| +LOCK-STRINGS, spare faths.| | | | | | | | | +LOCKS, PAD, Brass, | | | | | | | | | + and Keys No.| Two to each | | | | | + |magazine and light| | | | | + |box scuttle and | | | | | + |arm-chest. | | | | | +MATCH-ROPE lbs.| 40| 30| 20| 10| 40| 30| 20| 10| +MUSLIN for TARGETS yds.| 50| 50| 40| 20| 50| 50| 40| 20| +OIL, Sperm, for Small | | | | | | | | | + Arms galls.| 8| 6| 5| 3| 6| 5| 3| 3| +OIL, Sperm, Tin Cans for No.| | | | | | | | | +NAILS, 3d, for strapping | | | | | | | | | + Shell lbs.| 5| 3| 2| 1| 5| 3| 2| 1| +PENDULUM No.| | | | | | | | | +PUTTY, in Bladders lbs.| 75| 50| 40| 20| 50| 40| 20| 20| +QUADRANT, GUNNER'S No.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +RATTLES for calling Boarders, | | | | + Hand No.| 2/10 | | | +RATTLES for calling Boarders, | | One at wheel and| + Fixed No.| |one on each | + | |gun-deck. | +SCREW-DRIVERS No.| | | | +SCREW-PLATE and TAP, fuze, | | One set for each| + Navy No.| |vessel armed with| + | |shell-guns. | +SCREW-PLATE and TAP, fuze, | | One set for each| + Parrott No.| |vessel armed with| + | |these guns. | +SHEARS, Sheep No.| | One pair to each| + | |vessel. | +SHELL-WHIPS No.| | As required. | +SHOVELS, Intrenching No.| | Two for each | + | |field-carriage. | +SIGNAL-LIGHT DISCHARGERS No.| | One for each | + | |vessel. | +SHEEPSKIN, covers for | | | | + Sponge-heads (made up) No.| 1-1/2 | | | +SLINGS, Gun, chain No.| | 2 | 2 | +TACKS, Copper, for | | | | + Sponge-heads No.| | 1000 | 500 | +TACKS, Iron, for strapping | | | | + Shell No.| | 4000 | 2000 | +TARGET FRAME No.| | One to each | + | |vessel; to be | + | |fitted on board. | +THREAD, Shoe lbs.| | 3 | 2 | +TONGS, Shot No.| | As required. | +TUBS, Fire No.| |One to each chain| + | |of scuttles. | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +RATTLES for calling Boarders, | | | | | | | + Hand No.| | | | | | | +RATTLES for calling Boarders, | One at wheel and one on each | + Fixed No.|gun-deck. | + | | +SCREW-DRIVERS No.| | | | | | | +SCREW-PLATE and TAP, fuze, | One set for each vessel armed | + Navy No.|with shell-guns. | + | | +SCREW-PLATE and TAP, fuze, | One set for each vessel armed | + Parrott No.|with these guns. | + | | +SHEARS, Sheep No.| One pair to each | | | + |vessel. | | | +SHELL-WHIPS No.| As required. | | | +SHOVELS, Intrenching No.| Two for each | | | + |field-carriage. | | | +SIGNAL-LIGHT DISCHARGERS No.| One for each | | | | + |vessel. | | | | +SHEEPSKIN, covers for | | | | | | | + Sponge-heads (made up) No.| | | | | | | +SLINGS, Gun, chain No.| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1 | +TACKS, Copper, for | | | | | | | + Sponge-heads No.| 300| 300| 200| 200| 200| 100 | +TACKS, Iron, for strapping | | | | | | | + Shell No.|1200|1200|1000|1000|1000| 600 | +TARGET FRAME No.|One to each vessel; to be | + |fitted on board. | + | | +THREAD, Shoe lbs.| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1/2 | +TONGS, Shot No.| | | | | | | +TUBS, Fire No.|One to each chain of | | + |scuttles. | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+--------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+-----+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| 4th | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+-----+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+-----+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +RATTLES for calling Boarders, | | | | | | | | | + Hand No.| | | | | | | | | +RATTLES for calling Boarders, | | | | | | | | | + Fixed No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SCREW-DRIVERS No.| | | | | | | | | +SCREW-PLATE and TAP, fuze, | | | | | | | | | + Navy No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SCREW-PLATE and TAP, fuze, | | | | | | | | | + Parrott No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SHEARS, Sheep No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SHELL-WHIPS No.| | | | | | | | | +SHOVELS, Intrenching No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SIGNAL-LIGHT DISCHARGERS No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +SHEEPSKIN, covers for | | | | | | | | | + Sponge-heads (made up) No.| | | | | | | | | +SLINGS, Gun, chain No.| 2| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1 | +TACKS, Copper, for | | | | | | | | | + Sponge-heads No.| 500| 300| 200|100| 500| 300| 200|100 | +TACKS, Iron, for strapping | | | | | | | | | + Shell No.|2000|1200|1000|600|2000|1200|1000|600 | +TARGET FRAME No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +THREAD, Shoe lbs.| 2| 1| 1|1/2| 2| 1| 1|1-1/2| +TONGS, Shot No.| | | | | | | | | +TUBS, Fire No.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+-----+ + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + |PROPORTION|SHIPS- |FRIGATES.| + | TO EACH |OF-THE | | + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | GUN. |-LINE. | + + | | | | + | | | + + | | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +COMPLEMENTS | | 721 | 402 | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | +--Continued. | | | | + | | | | +WAX, for taking Vent | | | | + Impressions lbs.| 1/2 | | | +WICKS, Woven gross.| | One-half to each| + | | lamp requiring | + | | them. | +WICKS, Cotton lbs.| | | | +YARN, Worsted lbs.| | 2 | 1 | +YARN, Coarse Woollen | | | | + ("Thrums") lbs.| | 2 | 1 | +21-thd. HEMP, Boat's | | | | + service lbs.| | | | +18-thd. HEMP, Boat's | | | | + service lbs.| | | | +------------------------------+----------+-------+---------+ + +------------------------------+------------------------+------+ + | SLOOPS-OF-WAR. |BRIGS.| + | Classes. | + + NAMES OF ARTICLES. +---------+--------------+ | + | Razees. | | | + +----+----+----+----+----+ + + | 1st| 2nd| 1st| 2nd| 3rd| | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +COMPLEMENTS | 265| 235| 156| 135| 97| 67 | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | +WAX, for taking Vent | | | | | | | + Impressions lbs.| | | | | | | +WICKS, Woven gross.| One-half to each | + | lamp requiring | + | them. | +WICKS, Cotton lbs.| | | | | | | +YARN, Worsted lbs.| 1| 1| 1/2| 1/2| 1/2| 1/2 | +YARN, Coarse Woollen | | | | | | | + ("Thrums") lbs.| 1| 1| 1/2| 1/2| 1/2| 1/2 | +21-thd. HEMP, Boat's | | | | | | | + service lbs.| | | | | | | +18-thd. HEMP, Boat's | | | | | | | + service lbs.| | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+------+ + +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ + | STEAMERS. | + +------------------+------------------+ + NAMES OF ARTICLES. | Screw. | Side-wheel. | + | Classes. | Classes. | + +----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + | 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| 1st| 2nd| 3rd|4th| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +COMPLEMENTS | 521| 333| 110| 61| 224| 187| 75| 50| +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ +_Miscellaneous Articles_ | | | | | | | | | +--Continued. | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +WAX, for taking Vent | | | | | | | | | + Impressions lbs.| | | | | | | | | +WICKS, Woven gross.| | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | + | | | | | | | | | +WICKS, Cotton lbs.| | | | | | | | | +YARN, Worsted lbs.| 1 | 1 | 1/2|1/2| 1 | 1 | 1/2|1/2| +YARN, Coarse Woollen | | | | | | | | | + ("Thrums") lbs.| 1 | 1 | 1/2|1/2| 1 | 1 | 1/2|1/2| +21-thd. HEMP, Boat's | | | | | | | | | + service lbs.| | | | | | | | | +18-thd. HEMP, Boat's | | | | | | | | | + service lbs.| | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+---+ + + +_Tables of Allowances of Ordnance Equipments and Stores_--Continued. + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + BOOKS. | +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------------+ +1. ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS | One to Commander, one to Executive Officer, | + | one to each divisional officer, and one to | + | the Gunner of every ship.[A] | + | | +2. BOAT ARMAMENT--Dahlgren's | One to each vessel of 1st, 2d, and 3d rates.| + | | +3. SHELLS AND SHELL-GUNS, do.| One to each vessel of 1st, 2d, and 3d rates.| + | | +4. THE NAVAL HOWITZER ASHORE | | + AND AFLOAT--Parker | Two to each vessel above 4th rate; one to | + | 4th rate. | + | | +5. NAVAL GUNNERY--Sir | | + H. Douglas | One to each vessel above 4th rate. | + | | +6. NAVAL GUNNERY--Simpson | One to each vessel. | + | | +7. ORDNANCE AND ARMOR--Holley| One to 1st and 2d rates. | + | | +8. EXPERIMENTS ON | | + GUNPOWDER--Mordecai | One to 1st, 2d, and 3d rates. | + | | +9. GUNNERY CATECHISM--Brandt | Same allowance as the "Ordnance | + | Instructions" with the addition of one to | + | each Captain of a gun.[A] | + | | +10. ORDNANCE CIRCULARS | Same allowance as the "Ordnance | + | Instructions."[A] | + | | +11. BLANK-BOOKS AND RETURNS | One set to each vessel. | + | | +12. TABLE OF RANGES--Buckner | Two to each vessel above 4th rate; one to | + | 4th rate. | +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------------+ + +Note A: All of these books to be receipted for by the persons receiving +them, accounted for, and turned over to successor or Inspector of Ordnance. + + + + +INDEX. + + +A. + +ABSENCES, + temporary, of some of a gun's crew, how supplied 1; 48; 217, 218 + +ACCIDENTS, + to guns, to be reported in detail 3; 35; 67 + +AIMING, + precautions to be observed in 1; 78; 283 + by the line of metal, not to be relied on, &c. 1; 80; 297 + +AIR-PORTS, + to be closed and secured in exercise with powder 1; 39; 168 + +ALL-HANDS, + the call for, and duties of 1; 19, 37; 92, 161 + +ALLOWANCES, + for target practice, how to be expended 1; 4; 10 + for mortars 1; 126; 503 + of ordnance and ordnance stores, not to be exceeded 3; 5; 15, 16 + +AMMUNITION, + allowance of, for target practice; not to be reduced by target + practice, or saluting, below 100 broadsides 1; 4; 7 + expenditure of, for target practice, directions as to 1; 4; 10 + for boats, on armed expeditions 2; 7; 10 + fixed, preferable on the score of convenience, &c. 2; 24; 68 + fixed, should not be put where barreled powder is 3; 49; 137 + a statement of the, to be furnished by the Ordnance Officer, to + Commanding Officers of vessels 3; 51; 146 + for small arms, dimensions of boxes for 3; 55; 167 + +AMMUNITION-BOXES, + to be preserved, and returned into store 1; 10; 43 + +ARMAMENT, + defects in, to be remedied or reported 1; 4; 5 + quarterly examinations of, to be made, &c. 1; 5; 15 + +ARMORERS, + to accompany landing-parties with their tools 2; 26; 78 + +ARMS, + of any description, not to be given away 1; 6; 19 + for the men at the guns 1; 21-24; 101 + of men in the master's division 1; 25; 101 + fire, use of, in the tops, dangerous, &c. 1; 25; 103 + for the watch below, to be ready for use in time of war 1; 95; 361 + kind of, to be furnished to boarders 2; 3; 4 + table of, for boat expeditions 2; 4; 5 + pecuniary responsibility for the loss of 3; 6; 17 + lost or destroyed in action, to be certified to, &c. 3; 6; 19 + +ASSEMBLING AT QUARTERS, + the drum beats for 1; 36; 154 + in what order the men proceed to their guns 1; 36; 155 + without powder, orders to the men 1; 36; 157 + with powder, orders to the men 1; 37; 158 + the call for boarders 1; 37; 159 + the call for pikemen to repel boarders 1; 37; 160 + the call for all-hands 1; 37; 161 + the call for sail-trimmers 1; 37; 162 + the call for firemen 1; 37; 163 + at the call for, every person repairs to his station, &c. 1; 37; 166 + +ASSISTANT ENGINEERS, + part of the Engineer's division, when at quarters 1; 16; 75 + +ARTILLERY, NAVAL LIGHT, + remarks on the use of, ashore and in boats 2; 21-24; 44-68 + + +B. + +BALLS, + the piling of; to find the number of 3; 41; 95 + the number of, in a triangular pile 3; 42; 96 + the number of, in a square pile 3; 42; 97 + +BATTERIES, + to be kept clean and ready for action 1; 7; 24 + +BATTLE-AXES, + the number allowed for pivot and other guns 1; 21; 101 + +BAYONET-SCABBARDS, + the materials and sizes of 3; 79; 257 + +BEAUMONT, + his roller handspike adopted for the service 3; 75; 238 + +BEDS FOR GUNS, + the arrangement of 1; 83; 307 + +BELLS, + the ringing of, indicative of a case of fire 1; 97; 371 + +BLACK-STAIN, + for wood or iron, its composition 3; 88; 271 + +BOARDERS, + of whom to be composed 1; 18; 87-90 + to be in two divisions 1; 18; 88 + assignment of officers to the divisions of 1; 18; 90 + the call for, and duties of 1; 37; 159-165 + may be ordered for service without the call 1; 37; 164 + swords and pistols to be ready for the use of 1; 40; 179 + general directions and orders; when first called away 1; 92; 336 + general directions and orders; "prepare to board" 1; 92; 337 + general directions and orders; "board the enemy" 1; 92; 338 + general directions and orders; "prepare to repel boarders" 1; 93; 339 + to be exercised with the single-stick and sword 1; 93; 344 + what arms to be supplied with 2; 3; 4 + rattles for calling 3; 69; 217 + +BOARDING-NETTINGS, + in time of war, to be secured at evening quarters 1; 95; 359 + +BOATS, + crews of, to be frequently exercised 1; 5; 13 + equipment of, when being armed for service 2; 3-9; 1-18 + howitzers for, exercises of 2; 11-24; 20-68 + armed for service, manoeuvres of 2; 24; 69 + grapnels for, description and use of 3; 70; 221 + harness-casks for, use and size of 3; 77; 248 + +BOAT-CARRIAGES, + for howitzers, of what they consist 2; 10; 19 + +BOAT-GUNS, + tackles not required for 12-pdrs 2; 22; 57 + proper charges for 3; 54; 164 + +BOATSWAINS, + in action, their stations and duties 1; 15; 69 + duties of, at general quarters 1; 28; 118 + +BOMBS, + for mortars, 100 to be kept always ready filled 1; 120; 468 + to estimate distance by the bursting of 1; 120; 471 + filling, directions concerning 1; 122; 492, 493 + +BORMANN FUZES, + the description and use of 1; 90; 328 + for shrapnell or shell, a description of, &c. 2; 23; 66 + the danger of cutting them improperly 3; 45; 112 + +BOYS, + distribution of, when at quarters 1; 17; 81 + +BREECHINGS, + for all guns, materials, sizes, &c., of 3; 66; 208 + +BRISTLE-SPONGES, + sizes and description of 3; 73; 231 + +BROADSIDE-GUNS, + equipments and implements for 1; 33; 148 + stations and gun-numbers of crews of 1; 35; 152 + exercises at, directions as to 1; 39, 40; 169-179 + may be advantageously fired once in 75 seconds 1; 41; 182 + manual exercise of, on one side; orders for, &c. 1; 46-54; 204-229 + shifting positions of the crews of 1; 56; 233 + firing them when partially run in 1; 57; 234 + changing sides, or manning one side only 1; 57; 235 + exercise of, on both sides at once 1; 58; 236 + firing alternately, inferior to manning alternate guns with full + crews 1; 58; 237 + quick firing of, directions as to 1; 58; 238, 239 + shifting breechings of, in action 1; 59; 240 + position of the bolts for carriages of 3; 66; 207 + + +C. + +CABLES, + in time of war, to be kept ready for slipping 1; 95; 357 + +CALLIPERS, + for examining guns, description and use of 3; 14, 19; 28, 29 + +CANISTER, + in action, the proper use of 1; 76; 274 + in action, the proper use of, for boat-howitzers 2; 23; 65 + dimensions, weight, &c., of 3; 40; 93 + +CAPTAINS. See COMMANDING OFFICERS. + +CAPTAINS OF GUNS, + the selection and examination of 1; 18; 84 + stations and numbers of, for broadside guns 1; 35; 152 + duties of, when preparing for exercise at broadside guns 1; 40; 170 + duties of, when exercising broadside guns on one side 1; 47-54; 206-229 + duties of, when housing lower-deck guns 1; 54; 230 + duties of, when shifting breechings in action 1; 59; 240 + stations, &c., of, for pivot guns 1; 62; 243 + duties of, when the vents are obstructed 1; 74; 259 + duties of, when the locks or primers fail 1; 77; 279 + duties of, in pointing the guns 1; 74-78; 281-308 + duties of, in preparing howitzers for boats 2; 11; 20 + duties of, in aiming and firing boat-howitzers 2; 15; 26 + duties of, in disembarking howitzers 2; 17, 18; 31-35 + waist belts for, materials and sizes 3; 77; 249 + +CARBINES, + crews to be exercised in the use of 1; 5; 12 + how to be stamped 3; 79; 258 + +CARCASSES, + for mortars, description and use of 1; 121; 475, 476 + +CARPENTERS, + general and special duties of 1; 12; 57-60 + duties of, in preparing for action, &c. 1; 12; 57 + duties of, in guarding against fire 1; 12; 58 + duties of, in repairing injuries from shot 1; 12; 59 + directions to, for finding the position of shot holes, &c. 1; 12; 60 + duties of, at general quarters 1; 30; 130-136 + +CARPENTER'S MATES, + the stations of, when at quarters 1; 15; 70 + +CARRIAGES. See GUN-CARRIAGES. + +CASCABELS, + of boat-howitzers, a description of 2; 10; 19 + +CASCABEL-BLOCKS, + for examining guns, description and use of 3; 14, 20; 28, 29 + +CARTRIDGES, + metallic, how to be kept and stowed 1; 10; 41 + passing them from the magazines 1; 41; 181-183 + when to be put in the passing-boxes 1; 44; 195-179 + when filled for issue, directions as to 3; 51; 147, 148 + for small-arms, the quantity of powder for each 3; 55; 166 + +CARTRIDGE-BOXES, + materials, description and sizes of 3; 78, 79; 254, 255 + +CEMENT, + the composition of 3; 88; 271 + +CHAPLAINS, + their stations when at quarters 1; 15; 73 + +CHARGES, + distinguishing marks of, for all classes of guns 1; 19; 39 + for Parrott-shells 1; 101; 385 + for mortars, directions as to 1; 119; 461, 462 + for 13-inch, mortar-bombs 1; 124; 500 + for proving shot and shell guns 3; 22; 31 + of powder, for spherical shells 3; 44; 105 + for smooth-bore guns, service 3; 53; 160 + for rifled guns, service 3; 54; 161 + for boat and field howitzers, service 3; 54; 164 + old cylinders may be used for saluting 3; 59; 185 + +CHIEF ENGINEERS. See ENGINEERS-CHIEF. + +CLEANING, + small-arms, directions as to 3; 80-82; 262-269 + +CLERKS, + their stations when at quarters 1; 16; 76 + +COAL-HEAVERS, + when at quarters, part of the Engineer's division 1; 16; 75 + +COCKS, + for magazines, the proper mode of their construction 3; 62; 199 + +COCKSWAINS, + duties of, in preparing for boat expeditions 2; 11; 20 + +COMMANDING OFFICERS, + to require all ordnance instructions to be duly enforced and obeyed by + all under them, &c. 1; 3; 1 + duties of, as to exercising crews when first received on board, and + subsequently 1; 3; 2 + exercising their crews at night 1; 3; 3 + to ascertain by firing one round, whether all the gun equipments are + complete, &c. 1; 4; 4 + duties of, when defects or deficiencies exist in the armament or + equipments 1; 4; 5 + when to order surveys on ordnance stores 1; 4; 6 + directions to, in expenditures for target practice 1; 4; 7, 10 + to accustom the men to the use of loaded shells 1; 4; 8 + to have duly preserved the relative proportions of the respective + charges of powder on hand 1; 4; 9 + when practising at the guns in port, directions 1; 5; 11 + to exercise their crews in the use of small-arms 1; 5; 12 + to exercise boats' crews in the use of howitzers, &c. 1; 5; 13 + to forward quarterly reports of all firing 1; 5; 14 + to make quarterly examinations of the armament 1; 5; 15 + special attention required as to condition of fuzes 1; 5; 16 + precautions to be taken when filling shells, &c. 1; 5; 17 + never to have the guns unfit for instant use, unless 1; 6; 18 + not to give away arms of any description 1; 6; 19 + to keep the keys of the ordnance store-rooms in the cabin 1; 6; 20 + entering friendly ports, gun charges to be drawn, &c. 1; 6; 21 + not to allow friction matches on board 1; 6; 22 + their stations when in action 1; 14; 65 + to designate the hatchways to be used by boarders 1; 25; 102 + alone to permit the use of fire-arms in the tops 1; 25; 103 + their duties at general quarters 1; 26; 104-107 + to understand thoroughly the use of fuzes 1; 90; 330 + to report the efficiency of all fuzes fired, &c. 1; 90; 331 + of small vessels, lying in rivers in time of war, duties + of 1; 95, 96; 359-368 + duties of, in case of fire 1; 97-100; 370-383 + to understand the construction of Parrott projectiles 1; 102; 390 + to forward reports on rifle projectiles 1; 102; 392 + to refer to the Allowance Tables, before making requisitions for + ordnance or ordnance stores 3; 5; 16 + to certify as to arms lost or destroyed in action 3; 6; 19 + to sign Ordnance Ledgers before leaving the Navy Yard 3; 7; 20 + before sailing, to be furnished with a descriptive list of their + batteries 3; 32; 58 + before sailing, to be furnished with impressions of the vents of their + guns 3; 33; 60 + to report in detail the action of all fuzes 3; 47; 126 + before sailing, to be furnished with a statement of the powder, + small-arms, projectiles, &c., put on board 3; 51; 146 + +COMMANDS. See WORDS OF COMMAND. + +COMPRESSORMEN, + for pivot-guns, their stations and numbers 1; 62; 243 + +COMPOSITIONS, + Plantou's 3; 85; 271 + Brainard's 3; 88; 271 + for lining rifle shells 3; 89; 271 + +CONCUSSION-FUZES, + none reliable yet for spherical shells 1; 90; 329 + +CONDEMNATIONS, + of guns or small-arms, not allowed, except 3; 31; 51 + +CONE-PICKS, + materials and description of 3; 79; 256 + +CONTRACTORS, + to be enjoined to secrecy in regard to guns, &c. 3; 4; 9 + +COOKING-UTENSILS, + for boats on armed expeditions 2; 7; 14 + +COOPERING, + never to be done in magazines 1; 10; 44 + +CORRESPONDENCE, + routine of, between ordnance officers and the Bureau 3; 7; 22-24 + +CREWS, + the stationing and exercising of 1; 3 2 + to be exercised in the use of small-arms 1; 5; 12 + to be instructed in their duties by division officers 1; 8; 31 + distribution of, for each class of guns 1; 16; 78-81 + qualifications of, to be known, prior to assignment, &c. 1; 17; 83 + of pivot and other guns, distribution and arms of 1; 21; 101 + of broadside guns, stations and gun-numbers of 1; 35; 152 + when assembled at quarters for inspection 1; 36; 156 + exercising at broadside-guns 1; 39; 169 + temporary absences at exercises, how supplied 1; 48; 217, 218 + respective duties of, when exercising broadside-guns 1; 49; 219-229 + of guns, directions as to shifting places of 1; 56; 233 + of guns, directions as to changing sides, or manning one side + only 1; 57; 235 + instructions to be given to, for quick firing 1; 58; 238, 239 + of pivot-guns, stations and gun-numbers of 1; 62; 243 + of the guns of monitors, the duties of 1; 109-112; 421-435 + of mortars, with their titles, &c 1; 113; 444 + of boat-howitzers, with their stations and duties 2; 13; 21 + +CUTLASSES, + how to be stamped 3; 79; 258 + +CYLINDERS, + white alone to be used in future 1; 9; 39 + materials, sizes and marks of 3; 57; 181 + the making of, and patterns for 3; 58; 182-184 + for saluting charges 3; 58; 185 + preservation of, from moths 3; 59; 187 + + +D. + +DAHLGREN RIFLED-CANNON, + denominations, weights, charges, &c., of. 1; 101; 384 + prerequisites to the proper use of, &c 1; 102; 392 + cutting the screw-holes for 3; 27; 38 + size of vents in 3; 34; 64 + +DESCRIPTIVE-LISTS, + of guns, form of, &c. 3; 33; 58 + +DIES, + for marking guns, description of, &c 3; 17; 28 + +DISTANCES OF OBJECTS AT SEA, + how to be determined 1; 81, 82; 301-305 + how to be determined when using mortars 1; 121; 480-483 + +DISTINGUISHING-FLAGS, + to be supplied to each division of boats, when 2; 26; 81 + yellow, to indicate the boat with medical officers 2; 26; 83 + +DIVISIONS, + of Officers and guns on each deck 1; 14; 67, 68 + Masters', station and duties of, when at quarters, &c. 1; 15; 69 + Powder, station and duties of, when at quarters, &c. 1; 15; 70 + Marines, station and duties of, when at quarters, &c. 1; 15; 71 + Surgeons', station and duties of, when at quarters, &c. 1; 15; 72 + Engineers', station and duties of, when at quarters, &c. 1; 15; 75 + Masters', distribution of small-arms for 1; 25; 101 + Masters', duties of, in battle 1; 27; 111 + Engineers', duties of, in battle 1; 28; 119 + Powder, duties of, in battle 1; 28-31; 120-137 + Surgeons', duties of, in battle 1; 31; 138, 139 + of guns, duties of Officers Commanding, in action 1; 31-33; 140-151 + Shell and Powder, in Monitors, the duties of 1; 112; 436-443 + +DRESSES. See MAGAZINE DRESSES. + +DRIFT, + in rifle-guns, always to the right, &c. 1; 105; 406, 407 + +DRILLS, + company and battalion, recommended 1; 5; 12 + for howitzers in the field, the proper kind of 2; 21; 46-49 + +DRUMS, + the beats on, for assembling at Quarters 1; 36; 154 + + +E. + +ELEVATING-SCREWS, + description, use of, &c. 1; 83; 307 + for rifle-guns, description and use of 1; 105; 408 + +ENGINEERS-CHIEF, + duties of, in relation to tools and implements 1; 9; 35 + to be in charge of their divisions when at quarters 1; 16; 75 + duties of, when at general quarters 1; 28; 119 + duties of, in cases of fire on board a ship 1; 99; 381 + +ENSIGNS, + stations and duties of, when at quarters 1; 16; 76 + +EQUIPMENTS, + one round to be fired to ascertain the completeness of 1; 4; 4 + when deficiencies exist in, duty of Commanding Officers 1; 4; 5 + to be kept dry, and salt water not to be used in cleaning 1; 11; 48 + for broadside-guns 1; 33; 148 + for pivot-guns 1; 61; 242 + for mortars 1; 114; 445 + of Captains of Guns 3; 77; 249 + +ESTIMATES, + for ordnance materials, to be made by Ordnance Officers 3; 3; 2 + +EVOLUTIONS, + of howitzers in the field, directions as to 2; 21; 47 + +EXAMINATIONS, + of guns, directions as to making 3; 32-35; 57-67 + +EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, + duties of, in receiving, stowing, and using ordnance stores 1; 6; 23 + duties of, in connection with the batteries, magazines, + small-arms, &c. 1; 7; 24 + to arrange for the stowage of all spare articles, and to have the shot + and shells ready for action 1; 7; 25 + duties of, when salutes are to be fired 1; 7; 28 + to have cots ready for lowering the wounded 1; 7; 28 + to inspect the magazines, before receiving powder 1; 7; 27 + the stations of, in battle 1; 14; 66 + to lead the boarders 1; 18; 90 + duties of, when at general quarters 1; 27; 108 + to understand perfectly the use, &c., of fuzes 1; 90; 330 + to understand perfectly the use of Parrott projectiles 1; 102; 390 + to certify as to arms lost or destroyed in action 3; 6; 19 + to sign the Ordnance Ledgers of vessels returning home 3; 6; 20 + +EXERCISES, + short and spirited preferable; indulgences recommended for those who + excel in 1; 3; 2 + of crews, in the use of small-arms 1; 5; 12 + of crews, at general quarters, without powder 1; 38; 167 + of crews, at general quarters, with powder 1; 39; 168 + of crews, at broadside-guns 1; 39; 169 + of broadside-guns on one side only 1; 46-54; 203-229 + general remarks on the manual 1; 55-57; 231-235 + of broadside-guns, on both sides at once 1; 58; 236 + of pivot-guns, with orders and mode of executing 1; 63-73; 244-254 + of pivot-guns, notes upon 1; 74-88; 256-313 + for alarms of fire on board ship 1; 99; 383 + for boat-howitzers 2; 11; 20 + for boat-howitzers, stations, &c., of the men 2; 13; 21 + for boat-howitzers, orders and mode of executing 2; 14-18; 22-36 + for howitzers on field-carriages, stations of the crews, orders and + mode of manoeuvring 2; 19, 20; 37-43 + + +F. + +FIELD-CARRIAGES, + for howitzers, of what they consist 2; 10; 19 + moderating the recoil of, on smooth ground 2; 22; 60 + +FILLING, + shells, directions as to 3; 44; 108, 109 + cartridges, directions as to 3; 51; 147 + +FIRES, + to be put out, when preparing for action 1; 39; 168 + alarm of, given when the men are not at quarters 1; 97; 371 + taking place when at anchor in port 1; 98; 374 + +FIRING, + of one round directed, to see that the gun equipments are + complete, &c 1; 4; 4 + charges for "distant," "ordinary," and "near," the relative proportions + of, to be preserved, &c 1; 4; 9 + for target practice, directions as to 1; 4; 10, 11 + quarterly reports of, to be prepared and forwarded 1; 5; 14 + salutes, directions as to 1; 7; 26 + quick, or with 2 shot, to be determined by the Commanding Officers, + &c 1; 26; 107 + two loaded shells together, disapproved 1; 76; 269 + grape-hot, the proper occasions for 1; 76; 271 + canister, the proper occasions for 1; 76; 274 + shrapnell, the proper occasions for 1; 76; 275 + at boats, within point blank range 1; 80; 294 + at sea, general directions as to 1; 84; 310-313 + at will, directions as to 1; 85; 314 + in succession, directions as to 1; 85; 315 + quick, directions as to 1; 85; 316 + direct, directions as to 1; 85; 317 + ricochet, directions as to 1; 85; 318 + concentration of, directions as to 1; 86-88; 319-323 + solid shot from rifled guns 1; 103; 398 + mortars against the wind, precautions required 1; 119; 465 + boat-howitzers point blank, breech sights not required 2; 16; 27 + amount of, for each vent, directions upon 3; 33; 61 + +FIREMEN, + part of the Engineer Division when at quarters 1; 16; 75 + at quarters, the selection and duties of 1; 19; 95 + the call for, to repair to the spar-deck, and duties of 1; 37; 163-165 + duties of, in preparing for the use of broadside-guns 1; 40; 176 + +FIRE-BILLS, + to be prepared as soon as crews are on board 1; 3, 97; 2, 370 + +FIRE-BUCKETS, + materials of, &c 3; 76; 244 + +FIRE-TUBS, + materials of, &c 3; 76; 243 + +FIREWORKS, + how and where to be stowed 1; 10; 42 + a list of, to be furnished Commanding Officers 3; 51; 146 + boxes for, their exterior dimensions, &c 3; 55; 167 + +FLAGS, + distinguishing, each division of boats to have 2; 26; 81 + yellow, to indicate the boats with Medical Officers 2; 26; 83 + red, to indicate the handling of powder 3; 52; 157 + +FLASH-PANS, + description and use of 3; 70; 219 + +FRICTION-MATCHES. See MATCHES, FRICTION. + special attention to be paid to the condition of, &c 1; 5; 16 + not to be shifted nor shortened, except 1; 5; 17 + the times of, to be governed by Commanding Officers 1; 26; 106 + construction and composition of 1; 89; 324 + +FUZES, + construction of, not to be explained to foreigners, &c. 1; 89; 325 + times of burning, and use of 1; 89; 326 + shortening, manner of doing it 1; 89; 327 + Bormann, description and use of 1; 90; 328 + percussion, nor concussion, none yet for spherical shells 1; 90; 329 + times and lengths of, see Appendix B 1; 90; 332 + percussion, how to obtain the best effects from 1; 90; 333 + time, not reliable in rifle-guns 1; 91; 334 + percussion, and time, when to be used on rifle-guns 1; 104; 399-402 + for mortars, description and use of 1; 122; 486-491 + examination of, directions as to 3; 45; 113, 114 + proportions of, for the different times of 3; 46; 121 + of 5" times, to be ready for spherical shells, if required for immediate + use, &c. 3; 46; 122 + the different kinds of, to be separately and distinctly packed and + marked 3; 47; 125 + +FUZE-WRENCHES, + description and use of 3; 77; 246 + + +G. + +GAUGES, + for shot and shell of rifled cannon 1; 101; 386 + cylinder, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 8, 18; 28, 29 + chamber, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 9, 18; 28, 29 + star, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 9, 18; 28, 29 + trunnion, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 14, 19; 28, 29 + vent, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 15, 18; 28, 29 + for inspection of shot and shell, with their uses 3; 36; 70-74 + for shot and shell 3; 39; 88-90 + +GENERAL-QUARTERS, + Mondays to be set apart for, unless 1; 3; 2 + calls for assembling at 1; 36, 37; 154-166 + preparations for exercises at, without powder 1; 38; 167 + preparations for exercises at, with powder 1; 39; 168 + +GRAPE-SHOT, + the proper occasions for the use of 1; 76; 271-273 + dimensions, weight, &c., of 3; 40; 92 + +GRAPNELS, + for boats, description and use of 3; 70; 221 + +GRAVIMETRIC DENSITY, + of powder, what it is and ought to be 3; 48; 132 + +GRAVITY, SPECIFIC, + of powder 3; 48; 133 + +GRIOLET-PURCHASE, + the use of 1; 129; 507, 508 + a detailed description of 3; 68; 213 + +GROMMETS, + over elongated projectiles, prohibited 1; 103; 396 + +GROMMET-MUZZLE-LASHINGS, + the description and use of 3; 76; 245 + +GUNS, + not to be dismounted, nor struck below, unless, &c. 1; 6; 18 + charges of, to be drawn, on entering friendly ports 1; 6; 21 + to be examined by Division Officers 1; 8; 32 + when about to be struck below, or prepared for transportation, + directions as to 1; 10; 46 + to be kept dry; salt water not to be used in cleaning 1; 11; 48 + when ordered to be drawn, precautions to be taken 1; 11; 52 + numbering and arrangement of, on each deck 1; 14; 67 + distribution of crews, for each class of 1; 16; 78-80 + crews of, their qualifications to be ascertained, prior to assignment + to 1; 17; 83 + the selection and examination of Captains of 1; 18; 84 + distribution of crews and arms for the 1; 21; 101 + elevation of, to be directed by Commanding Officers 1; 26; 106 + not to be kept loaded longer than necessary 1; 46; 203 + housing lower deck, how to be done 1; 54; 230 + broadside, exercises of, objects to be attained 1; 55; 231, 232 + broadside, crews of, directions as to shifting places 1; 56; 233 + broadside, the firing of, when partially run in 1; 57; 234 + fighting both sides at once, directions as to 1; 58; 236 + when all are to be manned 1; 58; 237 + quick firing of, directions as to 1; 58; 238 + pivot, words of command, and mode of execution 1; 63-72; 244-254 + pivot, moving them from one end of the vessel to the other 1; 72; 255 + not to be loaded with two shells, nor two shots, except 1; 75; 268 + loading with shells, great attention required 1; 76; 270 + elevating or depressing them, directions as to 1; 78; 287 + elevating screws for, directions for their use, &c. 1; 83; 307, 308 + training of, general directions upon 1; 88; 321, 322 + to be kept ready for use, in time of war 1; 94; 346-358 + loading with maximum charges, &c., in time of war 1; 96; 369 + rifled, must be kept free from sand, dirt, &c. 1; 103; 395 + rifled, description of the sights of 1; 104; 404 + getting them in on covered decks, how to be done 1; 128; 504 + taking them in over all, how to be done 1; 129; 505 + getting them out through ports, how to be done 1; 129; 506 + mounting or dismounting them on covered decks, with the + Griolet-purchase 1; 129; 507, 508 + throwing them overboard, mode of execution 1; 131; 509 + secrecy in the manufacture of, strictly required 3; 4; 8-11 + inspection and proof of, directions as to 3; 8-21; 26-30 + proof charges for shot and shell 3; 22; 31 + water-proof of 3; 23; 32 + marking them, directions as to 3; 23; 33 + trial, extreme proof of, directions as to 3; 24-26; 34-36 + Dahlgren, cutting the screw-holes of the 3; 27; 38 + sights of, the manner of adjusting 3; 27-29; 39, 40 + preservation of, their stowage, &c. 3; 30-32; 41-58 + shot and shell, how to be denominated 3; 30; 47 + condemnations of, not allowed, except 3; 31; 51 + when about to be put on board ship 3; 31; 52-55 + when shipped for transportation only 3; 31; 56 + of all vessels returning from cruises to be carefully examined, + &c. 3; 32; 57 + descriptive lists of, forms for, &c. 3; 33; 58 + to be frequently examined for cracks or defects 3; 34; 61 + Dahlgren, the sizes of vents in 3; 34; 64 + all accidents to, to be reported in detail 3; 35; 67 + smooth-bore, service charges for 3; 53; 160 + rifled, service charges for 3; 54; 161 + cylinders for, directions as to making, &c. 3; 57, 58; 181-185 + breechings for, their materials and sizes 3; 66; 208 + +GUNS-BROADSIDE. See BROADSIDE-GUNS. + +GUN-CARRIAGES, + implements, and names of the parts of common truck 1; 45; 202 + names of the parts of, peculiar to the Marsilly 1; 45; 202 + directions as to shifting trucks 1; 60; 241 + the construction of, directions concerning 3; 65; 207 + +GUN-GEAR, + with directions as to breechings, falls, blocks, &c. 3; 66, 67; 208-212 + +GUNNERS, + general and special duties of 1; 9-12; 36-56 + to attend personally to receive ordnance stores 1; 9; 36 + to stow and arrange the powder tanks 1; 9; 37 + duties of, when guns are to be struck below, &c. 1; 10; 46 + to report twice a day on articles in their charge 1; 10; 47 + to keep the guns and equipments as dry as possible 1; 11; 48 + discovering articles injured, to ask in writing for a survey 1; 11; 49 + duties of, when magazines or shell-rooms are opened 1; 11; 50 + duties of, when opening powder-tanks 1; 11; 51 + duties of, when guns are ordered to be drawn 1; 11; 52 + duties of, when salutes are being fired 1; 11; 53 + sick or absent, their duties to be performed by a Gunner's Mate 1; 11; 54 + to keep minute books of all expenditures, &c., and render quarterly + returns thereof 1; 11; 55 + duties of, when vessels return from cruises 1; 12; 56 + stations of, at quarters 1; 15; 70 + duties of, at general quarters 1; 29; 123 + to understand perfectly all about fuzes 1; 90; 330 + to receive all ordnance stores except the ammunition 3; 5; 17 + responsible for all deficiencies in ordnance stores, &c. 3; 6; 19, 20 + duties of, when supplying ships with shells 3; 45; 110 + duties of, when powder is sent on board ships 3; 51; 156 + +GUNNERS' MATES, + when to perform the duties of the Gunners 1; 11; 54 + the stations of, at quarters 1; 15, 17; 70, 82 + +GUNNERS-QUARTER. See QUARTER-GUNNERS. + +GUNS-PIVOT. See PIVOT-GUNS. + +GUNPOWDER. See POWDER. + +GUNS-RIFLED. See RIFLED-CANNON. + +GUN-SLINGS, + description and use of 3; 71; 224 + + +H. + +HANDSPIKES, + ordinary, materials, sizes, &c., of 3; 74; 237 + roller, materials, sizes, &c., of 3; 75; 238 + +HANDSPIKE-MEN, + the selection and requirements of 1; 18; 84 + for broadside-guns, stations and numbers of 1; 35; 152 + duties of, in preparing for exercise of broadside-guns 1; 40; 174 + duties of, when exercising broadside-guns, on one side only 1; 48; 214 + duties of, when housing lower deck guns 1; 54; 230 + +HARNESS-CASKS, + for boats, use and size of 3; 77; 248 + +HATCHWAYS, + arrangements of, for the wounded 1; 44; 201 + +HOWITZERS, + boats' crews to be exercised in the use of, &c. 1; 5; 13 + Borrman fuzes are fitted for the 12 and 24 pdrs. 1; 90; 328 + the use of, in repelling boarders 1; 90; 342 + the number, &c., of, for boats, assigned by Bureau 2; 3; 1 + fixtures, &c., for, in boat expeditions 2; 4-9; 6-18 + exercise and manoeuvre of boat 2; 10-24; 19-68 + getting them ready for boat expeditions 2; 11; 20 + stations and duties of men for boat 2; 11; 21 + closing the vents of 2; 15; 27 + pivoting them, manner of doing 2; 16; 28, 29 + shifting them, how to be done 2; 16; 30 + disembarkation of, commands and execution 2; 17, 18; 31-35 + embarkation of, commands and execution 2; 18; 36 + on field-carriages, the exercises of, commands, &c. 2; 19-21; 37-43 + remarks on the use of, ashore and in boats 2; 21-24; 44-68 + rifled 12-pdrs., the advantages of 2; 23; 67 + landing them for exercise or service 2; 25-27; 69-88 + service charges for 3; 54; 164 + boat, dimensions of boxes for the ammunition of 3; 55; 165 + +HYDRAULIC PUMP, + for proving guns, a description of 3; 17; 28 + + +I. + +IMPLEMENTS, + for broadside-guns 1; 33; 148 + for common truck and Marsilly carriages 1; 45; 202 + for pivot-guns, with their places 1; 61; 242 + for mortars 1; 114; 445 + for boats, when landed for service 2; 29; 91 + for extreme proof of trial guns 3; 24; 35 + +IMPRESSION-TAKERS, + what guns to be provided with, and their use 3; 75; 239 + +INSPECTION, + of naval guns, directions as to 3; 8-21; 26-30 + of shot and shell, directions as to 3; 36-38; 68-87 + of cylinders, directions as to 3; 59; 186 + +INSPECTING-INSTRUMENTS, + for examining and proving guns, names and description of 3; 8-17; 28 + for examining and proving guns, the use of 3; 18-21; 28, 29 + for measuring the interior position of vents 3; 12-18; 28, 29 + for examining shot and shell, with the use of, &c. 3; 36, 37; 70-78 + +INVOICES, + of all ordnance stores, to be duly given and taken 3; 7; 20 + + +K. + +KEYS, + of ordnance store-rooms, &c., where to be kept 1; 6; 20 + +LACQUERS, + for iron ordnance, composition of 3; 84; 271 + for small-arms, or water-proof paper 3; 86; 271 + for bright iron work 3; 86; 271 + +L. + +LADLES, + to be made according to patterns, and not used for drawing + rifle-projectiles 3; 74; 235 + +LAMPS, + for magazines, the proper arrangement, &c., of 3; 63; 200 + +LANDING, + crews for exercise or service, directions as to 2; 25-27; 69-88 + +LANDSMEN, + distribution of, when at quarters 1; 17; 81 + +LANTERNS, + dark, description of 3; 70; 220 + +LEVERMEN, + stations and numbers of, for pivot-guns 1; 62; 243 + +LIGHTS, + precautions as to use of, in time of war 1; 94; 345 + +LOADERS, + the selection and requirements of 1; 18; 84 + for broadside-guns, stations and numbers of 1; 35; 152 + duties of, when preparing for exercise at the broadside-guns 1; 40; 172 + duties of, at the manual exercise of the broadside-guns, on one side + only 1; 47-53; 208-229 + duties of, when housing lower-deck guns 1; 54; 230 + duties of, when firing quick 1; 59; 238, 239 + duties of, when shifting breechings in action 1; 59; 240 + for pivot-guns, stations, &c., of 1; 62; 243 + to keep within the ports, as much as possible 1; 74; 260 + +LOG-BOOK, + the time required for complete preparation for action, &c., to be duly + noted in the 1; 3; 3 + + +M. + +MAGAZINES, + to be carefully cleaned, &c., before receiving powder, 1; 7; 28 + coopering never to be done in the 1; 10; 44 + when opened, precautions to be taken against fire 1; 11; 50 + passing powder from, directions as to 1; 41-43; 181-189 + for mortars, directions concerning 1; 119, 120; 457-470 + on shore, the inspection and stowage of powder in 3; 49; 136-139 + on shore, directions as to keeping them dry, &c 3; 50; 141, 142 + the proper construction of on board ship 3; 60-62; 188-198 + the proper arrangement of the cocks for 3; 62; 199 + the proper mode of lighting 3; 63; 200 + the proper mode of stowing 3; 63; 201 + how to ascertain the dryness of 3; 64; 205 + the proper ventilation of 3; 64; 206 + +MAGAZINE-DRESSES, + the materials of 3; 69; 216 + +MAGAZINE-SCREWS, + the use and description of 3; 69; 215 + +MANOEUVRES, + for boat-howitzers 2; 10-24; 19-68 + +MANUAL EXERCISES, + of broadside-guns, on one side only 1; 46-54; 203-229 + general remarks on 1; 55-57; 231-235 + of broadside-guns, on both sides at once 1; 58-60; 236-240 + of pivot-guns with commands, &c. 1; 61-73; 242-255 + notes and suggestions upon the 1; 74-88; 256-323 + of monitors, with words of command, &c. 1; 109-112; 420-435 + of mortars, with words of command, &c. 1; 115-118; 446-456 + +MARINES, + their stations when at quarters 1; 15; 71 + their stations for repelling boarders 1; 93; 339 + landing them for exercise or service 2; 25-28; 69-88 + +MARKING, + guns, directions as to 3; 23; 33 + small-arms, directions as to 3; 79; 258 + +MARSILLY-GUN-CARRIAGES, + names of parts peculiar to 1; 45; 202 + shifting trucks of, directions as to 1; 60; 241 + +MASTERS, + to have all articles in their divisions ready for use, &c. 1; 9; 34 + divisions, where stationed in action 1; 15; 69 + divisions, distribution of small-arms for 1; 25; 101 + duties of, at general quarters 1; 27; 111-118 + duties of, in cases of fire on board ship 1; 99; 380 + +MASTERS-AT-ARMS, + duties of, at general quarters 1; 31; 137 + +MATES, + stations and duties of, when at quarters 1; 16; 76 + +MATCHES--FRICTION, + not allowed on board ship 1; 6; 22 + +MEASURING-STAFF, + for examining guns, description and use of 3; 8, 18; 28, 29 + +MEDICAL-OFFICERS, + stations of, when at quarters 1; 15; 72 + +MIDSHIPMEN, + stations in action, when Aids to Commanding Officers 1; 14; 66 + stations in action, when not Aids to Commanding Officers 1; 16; 76 + +MIRRORS, + for proving guns, description and use of 3; 8, 18; 28, 29 + +MONDAYS, + to be set apart for general quarters, unless 1; 3; 2 + +MONITORS, + description of the turrets, &c., of 1; 108; 415-418 + manual exercise of 1; 109-112; 420-435 + shell and powder divisions of, their duties 1; 112; 436-443 + +MORTARS, + titles of the crews of 1; 113; 444 + implements and equipments of 1; 114; 445 + exercise of, with words of command, and execution 1; 115-118; 446-456 + magazines and shell-rooms for, description, &c., of 1; 119, 120; 457-470 + when fired against the wind, precautions required 1; 119; 465 + rules and observations upon the use of 1; 120, 121; 471-479 + loading, directions as to 1; 122; 484, 485 + fuzes for, description and use of 1; 122; 486-491 + filling bombs for 1; 122; 492, 493 + pointing, directions as to 1; 123; 494-499 + charges for 13-inch 1; 124; 500 + ranges for 13-inch 1; 124, 125; 501, 502 + allowances of implements, &c., for 1; 126; 503 + trunnion-sights for, description and use of 3; 71; 225 + +MOTHS, + preservation of cartridge-bags from 3; 59; 187 + +MUSKETS, + crews to be exercised in the use of 1; 5; 12 + number allowed for each pivot and other gun 1; 21; 101 + missing fire, precautions to be used against 2; 25; 76 + quantity of powder for the cartridges of 3; 55; 166 + how to be stamped 3; 79; 258 + how to be cleaned 3; 80-82; 262-269 + +MUSKETEERS, + of whom composed, and their duties 1; 20; 98 + + +N. + +NOMENCLATURE, + of common truck and Marsilly carriages 1; 45; 202 + of the parts of the turrets of monitors 1; 108; 415 + of boat-howitzers 2; 10; 19 + +NITRE, + of condemned powder, can be made use of 3; 51; 151 + + +O. + +OFFICERS, + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--the Captain 1; 14; 65 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--the Executive Officer 1; 14; 66 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Midshipmen as Aids 1; 14; 66 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Signal Officer 1; 14; 66 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Division Officers 1; 14; 67, 68 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Master 1; 15; 69 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Boatswain 1; 15; 69 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Powder-division 1; 15; 70 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Marine-division 1; 15; 71 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Surgeon's-division 1; 15; 72 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Chaplain 1; 15; 73 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Paymaster 1; 16; 74 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Engineer's-division. 1; 16; 75 + the stations, &c., of, at quarters--Miscellaneous 1; 16; 76 + assignment of, to the divisions of boarders 1; 18; 90 + in charge of powder-divisions, the duties of 1; 28-31; 120-137 + in charge of gun-divisions, the duties of 1; 31-33; 140-151 + of the watch, their duties in time of war, &c. 1; 94; 347-352 + of boats armed for service, the duties 2; 3; 2 + duties of, in preparing the boat-howitzers 2; 11; 20 + +OFFICERS-IN-CHARGE-OF-DIVISIONS, + to be thoroughly conversant with the exercise, management, &c., of the + guns 1; 8; 29 + to inspect thoroughly, when called to quarters 1; 8; 30 + to instruct their men fully in their duties 1; 8; 31 + to examine weekly, &c., their guns and attachments 1; 8; 32 + the stations of, at quarters 1; 14; 67, 68 + to teach the men how to point the guns 1; 78; 283 + duties of, in case of fire on board ship 1; 98; 376, 377 + +OFFICERS-OF-POWDER-DIVISIONS, + to instruct their men fully in all their duties, &c. 1; 8; 33 + duties of, in case of fire on board ship 1; 98; 378, 379 + +OFFICERS, PETTY. See PETTY-OFFICERS. + +OILS, + linseed, weight of a gallon of 3; 83; 271 + sperm, weight of a gallon of 3; 83; 271 + neat's-foot, weight of a gallon of 3; 83; 271 + +OLIVE-PASTE, + the composition of 3; 87; 271 + +ORDINARY SEAMEN, + distribution of, when at quarters 1; 17; 81 + +ORDNANCE-INSTRUCTIONS, + obedience to, required from all on board ship 1; 3; 1 + +ORDNANCE-LEDGERS, + to be signed by the Executive Officer, or Gunner, and the Commanding + Officer 3; 6; 20 + +ORDNANCE-OFFICERS, + to explain the use, &c., of fuzes 1; 90; 330 + duties of; to have charge of all ordnance and ordnance stores, at Navy + Yards, &c. 3; 3-7; 1-25 + enjoined to secrecy, in relation to the mode of manufacturing + guns, &c. 3; 4; 8-11 + to give no official opinions to inventors, or others 3; 4; 10 + to furnish ordnance and ordnance stores, in accordance with the + allowance tables, except 3; 5; 16 + pecuniarily responsible for the loss of ordnance stores, &c. 3; 6; 17 + routine, &c., of their correspondence with the Bureau 3; 7; 22-24 + to make fortnightly examinations of all guns, &c., under their + charge 3; 31; 49 + duties of, when guns are to be placed on board ship 3; 31; 52-55 + duties of, when guns are to be shipped for transportation 3; 31; 56 + to examine carefully all the guns of vessels returning from + cruises 3; 32; 57 + to furnish Commanding Officers of vessels with descriptive lists of + their batteries 3; 32; 58 + to furnish Commanding Officers of vessels with impressions of the vents + of their guns 3; 33; 60 + duties of, when supplying ships with shells 3; 45; 110 + to examine the shell-houses, and the condition of the shells, every + fortnight 3; 46; 119 + to inspect the powder-houses every week, &c. 3; 49; 136 + duties of, when powder is to be sent on board ship 3; 51; 146 + reports to be made by, when supplying or receiving powder 3; 51; 152 + instructions to, as to marking small-arms 3; 79; 258 + +ORDNANCE-STORES, + surveys on, when to be ordered 1; 4; 6 + the receiving, stowing, and expenditure of, to be attended to by + Executive Officers 1; 6; 23 + at Navy Yards, to be in charge of Ordnance Officers 3; 3; 2, 3 + the delivery of, to the Gunner, and his responsibility 3; 5; 17 + when landed from ships, directions as to 3; 6; 18 + + +P. + +PACKING-BOXES, + to be preserved, duly accounted for, &c. 3; 71; 223 + +PAINTS, + white, the composition of 3; 83; 271 + lead-color, the composition of 3; 84; 271 + black, the composition of 3; 84; 271 + for tarpaulins, the composition of 3; 84; 271 + Brainard's, the composition of 3; 84; 271 + +PAPER-PARCHMENT, + how to make it, and its use 3; 88; 271 + +PARROTT-RIFLED-CANNON, + denominations, weights, charges, &c., of 1; 101; 384 + the full charge for; the 150-pdrs. withdrawn from service 1; 102; 387 + +PARROTT-SHELLS, + time-fuzes for, the most certain of ignition, &c. 1; 91; 334 + charges for 1; 101; 385 + size of boxes containing 1; 107; 411 + +PASSING-BOXES, + in time of war, to have charges ready for passing up at once 1; 9; 38 + putting cartridges from the magazine into, &c. 1; 44; 195 + color and size of lettering on 1; 44; 196, 197 + empty, the handling of, when returned by the shoots 1; 44; 198 + empty, fire-tubs with water, to be placed for 1; 44; 199 + materials, sizes, &c., of 3; 76; 240 + how to be painted 3; 76; 241, 242 + +PASSING-SCUTTLES. See POWDER-SCUTTLES. + +PAYMASTERS, + the stations of, when at quarters 1; 16; 74 + +PERCUSSION-CAPS, + the proper stowage of 1; 10; 41 + for small arms, will be furnished from Washington 3; 55; 168 + +PERCUSSION-FUZES, + none reliable as yet for spherical shells 1; 90; 329 + how to obtain the best effects from 1; 90; 333 + when to be used in rifled guns 1; 104; 399 + +PETTY-OFFICERS, + distribution of, when at quarters 1; 16; 77-81 + +PICKET-BOATS, + to be kept out in direction of the enemy 1; 96; 364 + +PIKEMEN, + of whom to be composed, with the duties of 1; 19; 91, 92 + to be covered by Marines with fixed bayonets 1; 19; 94 + the calls for and duties of 1; 37; 160, 165 + the stations of, when repelling boarders 1; 93; 339-341 + to be exercised with the single-stick and sword 1; 93; 344 + +PIKES-BOARDING, + to be near each gun on covered decks 1; 19; 93 + number allowed for each pivot, and other gun 1; 21; 101 + +PILING, + of balls, to ascertain the number of, &c. 3; 41, 42; 95-97 + +PISTOL-FROGS, + materials and description of 3; 78; 252 + +PISTOLS, + crews to be exercised in the use of 1; 5; 12 + number allowed for each pivot, and other gun 1; 21; 101 + to be kept ready for the use of the boarders 1; 40; 179 + quantity of powder in the cartridges for 3; 55; 166 + how to be stamped 3; 79; 258 + +PIVOT-GUNS, + when practicable, each to be in charge of an Officer of the division, + &c. 1; 14; 68 + to have full gun's-crews 1; 17; 80 + distribution and arms for crews of 1; 21; 101 + equipments and implements belonging to 1; 61; 242 + stations, and gun-numbers of crews of 1; 62; 243 + exercises of, with commands, and the mode of their + execution 1; 63-72; 244-254 + moving them from one end of the vessel to the other 1; 72; 255 + the trunnion-sights of, with their use 1; 81; 299 + the trunnion-sights of, a description of 3; 71; 225 + to be supplied with tangent-sights 3; 71; 226 + +PLANTOU'S COMPOSITIONS, + for preserving iron or wood 3; 85; 271 + +POINT-BLANK-RANGE, + what it signifies, &c. 1; 80; 291 + +PORTER'S-SCABBARD, + a description of 3; 78; 250 + +PORT-FIRES, + not to be used when firing salutes 1; 7; 26 + +POWDER, + "saluting," to be used when firing salutes 1; 7; 26 + charges of, how to be distinguished 1; 9; 39 + loose, never to be carried on board ship 1; 10; 40 + the delivery and distribution of, at quarters 1; 41-43; 180-189 + proper kind of, for rifled cannon 1; 102; 389 + proof, for shot and shell guns 3; 22; 31 + charges of, for spherical shells 3; 44; 105 + classifications of 3; 48; 130, 131 + size of the grains of, and initial velocities, &c. 3; 48; 130, 131 + gravimetric density of 3; 48; 132 + specific gravity of 3; 48; 133 + for small-arms, size of 3; 49; 134 + differences in the Army and Navy granulations of 3; 49; 135 + stowage, &c., of, in powder-houses, &c., directions as + to 3; 49, 50; 136-145 + a statement of, to be furnished to Commanding Officers of vessels, + before sailing, &c. 3; 51; 146 + filling cartridges with, directions as to 3; 51; 147 + when returned from ships, directions as to 3; 51; 149, 150 + condemned, never to be thrown overboard, &c. 3; 51; 151 + samples of, to be forwarded by Ordnance Officers, &c. 3; 52; 152 + for saluting, may be purchased abroad, when 3; 52; 153 + may be transferred to vessels remaining on a foreign station, by those + returning, &c. 3; 52; 154 + when to be used, though not regularly inspected, &c. 3; 52; 155 + putting it on board ship, directions as to 3; 52; 156 + when received or landed, the red flag to be hoisted 3; 52; 157 + moving it from or to vessels, precautions required 3; 52; 158, 159 + quantity of, for cartridges for small-arms 3; 55; 166 + +POWDER-BARRELS, + directions as to stowage of 3; 49; 137-139 + should be turned once in three months, &c. 3; 50; 145 + +POWDER-DIVISIONS, + stations of, when in action 1; 15; 70 + duties of, at general quarters 1; 28-31; 120-137 + on board monitors, their duties 1; 112; 436, 443 + +POWDER-HOUSES, + to be inspected once a week, &c. 3; 49; 136-139 + directions as to keeping them dry, &c. 3; 50; 141, 142 + +POWDER-MEN, + duties of, in preparing for the use of broadside-guns 1; 40; 175 + duties of, at the manual exercise of broadside-guns, on one side + only 1; 48; 215 + stations, &c., of, for pivot-guns 1; 62; 243 + +POWDER-SCUTTLES, + careful men to be selected for attending 1; 18; 85 + directions as to use of, in passing cartridges 1; 41; 181-189 + position of, on each deck 1; 43; 190-192 + to be provided with water-tight tompions 1; 43; 191 + flap-holes in magazine screens to be provided for 1; 43; 193 + when guns of the same calibre on different decks may be supplied from + the same 1; 43; 194 + +POWDER-TANKS, + stowage and arrangement of, by Gunners 1; 9; 37 + distinguishing colors and marks of 1; 9; 39 + when opened, precautions required 1; 11; 51 + tables of capacities, sizes, &c., of 3; 54; 162, 163 + +PRECAUTIONS, + in time of war, general instructions as to 1; 94-96; 345-369 + to be observed, in the use of rifled-guns 1; 105-107; 410 + to be observed, in the use of small-arms 3; 82; 270 + +PRIMERS, + the proper stowage of 1; 10; 41 + for cannon, directions as to management of 1; 77; 276-280 + for cannon, description, use, and preservation of, with their boxes, + &c. 3; 56; 172-180 + +PRIMER-BOXES, + materials, and description of 3; 78; 251 + +PROFILE-BOARDS, + for examining guns, description and use of 3; 13, 19; 28, 29 + +PROJECTILES, + for Parrott-guns, a peculiar kind, &c. 1; 102; 390 + for rifled-cannon, are shells, shrapnel, and solid shot 1; 102; 391 + rifled, the bases of, to be thickly greased, &c. 1; 102; 392 + rifled, uniformity in size of, requisite, &c. 1; 103; 396 + care required in placing them in the guns 1; 103; 397 + Parrott's, size of boxes containing 1; 107; 411 + Hotchkiss's, size of boxes containing 1; 107; 412 + Schenkl's, size of boxes containing 1; 107; 413 + Dahlgren's, size of boxes containing 1; 107; 414 + +PROOF, + of naval-guns directions as to 3; 8-21; 26-30 + of shot and shell-guns, charges for 3; 22; 31 + extreme, of trial-guns 3; 24-26; 34-36 + +PROVISIONS, + for boats, on armed expeditions 2; 7; 13 + +PUMPMEN, + the selection of, &c. 1; 20; 99 + when to be in two divisions 1; 20; 100 + to be at their stations, when preparing for action, &c. 1; 39; 168 + +PUTTY, + the composition of 3; 83; 271 + + +Q. + +QUARTER-GUNNERS, + the stations of, at quarters 1; 17; 82 + implements for, when exercising without powder 1; 39; 167 + duties of, in preparing for using broadside-guns 1; 40; 178 + duties of, in case of fire on board ship 1; 98; 377 + duties of, in preparing howitzers for boats 2; 11; 20 + duties of, in disembarking howitzers 2; 17; 31 + +QUOINS FOR GUNS, + the arrangement of 1; 83; 307 + + +R. + +RAMMERS, + materials, sizes, &c., of 3; 72; 227 + +RANGES, + for shot-guns, how and when marked 1; 79; 290 + point-blank, firing at 1; 80; 294 + for shell-guns, how marked 1; 80; 294 + for 13-inch mortars 1; 124, 125; 501, 502 + exceeding 1400 yards, kind of fuzes for, &c 3; 47; 124 + +RATTLES, + use and description of 3; 69; 217 + +RECEIPTS, + for all ordnance materials, to be duly given and taken 3; 7; 20 + +REPORTS, + quarterly, of all firing, to be forwarded 1; 5; 14 + quarterly, of the condition of the armament, &c., to be prepared and + forwarded 1; 5; 15 + twice a day, to be made by Gunners, nature of 1; 10; 47 + to be made of the expenditures of ordnance materials 3; 4; 6 + in detail, to be prepared and forwarded, of all accidents to + guns 3; 35; 67 + to be forwarded of the action, &c., of all fuzes 3; 47; 126 + to be forwarded by Ordnance Officers, when issuing or receiving + powder 3; 51; 152 + +REQUISITIONS, + for ordnance materials, to be made by Ordnance Officers 3; 3; 2 + +RESPONSIBILITY, + of Officers, for loss of ordnance stores 3; 6; 19, 20 + +RETURNS, + quarterly, of receipts and issues of ordnance, to be forwarded by + Commanding Officers 1; 5; 14 + quarterly, to be rendered by Gunners 1; 11; 55 + +REVOLVERS, + number of, allowed for each pivot and other gun 1; 21-24; 101 + quantity of powder in the cartridges for 3; 55; 166 + how to be stamped 3; 79; 258 + +REWARDS, + recommended to those excelling in ordnance exercises 1; 3; 2 + +RIFLED-CANNON, + the breech-sights in the side of, with their use, &c. 1; 81; 300 + time-fuzes very unreliable for 1; 91; 334 + denominations, &c., of the Parrott and Dahlgren 1; 101; 384 + the bores and grooves of, to be carefully cleaned, &c. 1; 102; 392 + the shells in, must be close home on the powder 1; 103; 393, 394 + must be kept free from sand, dust, &c 1; 103; 395 + projectiles for, to be uniform in size 1; 103; 396 + vents of, how to replace old ones 1; 104; 403 + sights of, description and use of 1; 104; 404 + all are rifled to the right 1; 105; 405 + precautions required in the use of 1; 105-107; 410 + kind of fuzes to be used for the shells of 3; 47; 123, 124 + table of charges for 3; 54; 161 + rammer-heads for, made of composition 3; 72; 227 + +RICOCHET, + firing, directions as to 1; 85; 318 + +RIGGING-STOPPERS, + description and use of 3; 77; 247 + +ROBINSON'S-WORMS, + description and use of 3; 73; 234 + + +S. + +SABOTS, + for shells, dimensions, &c., of 3; 39; 91 + +SAILMAKERS, + the stations of, when at quarters 1; 16; 76 + +SAIL-TRIMMERS, + when to be in two divisions, and the stations of 1; 19; 96 + when to be in three divisions, and the stations of 1; 19; 97 + the call for and duties of 1; 37; 162, 165 + +SALT-WATER, + not to be used in cleaning guns nor equipments 1; 11; 48 + +SALUTES, + directions as to firing 1; 7; 26 + precautions required when firing 1; 11; 53 + powder for, may be purchased abroad, when 3; 52; 153 + old bags may be used for cylinders for 3; 59; 185 + +SCABBARDS, + for swords, Porter's, description of 3; 78; 250 + for bayonets, materials, size, &c., of 3; 79; 257 + varnish for, its composition 3; 86; 271 + +SCALING-LADDERS, + to be furnished each division of boats landed for service 2; 29; 91 + +SCRAPERS, + for bottoms of bores, description and use of 3; 74; 236 + +SCREENS. See MAGAZINE-SCREENS. + +SEAMEN, + distribution of, when at quarters 1; 16; 77 + the landing of, for battle, a remote contingency, &c. 2; 22; 56 + the landing of, for exercise or service, directions as to 2; 25-27; 69-88 + +SEAMEN ORDINARY. See ORDINARY-SEAMEN. + +SHELLS, + loaded, to be frequently used in target practice, &c. 1; 4; 8 + precautions required in filling 1; 5; 17 + stowage of, in the shell-rooms 1; 10; 45 + how to be passed up for use 1; 44; 200 + should be drawn if loaded more than 24 hours 1; 46; 204 + loading with, directions as to 1; 75; 261-263 + in battle, proper occasions for using 1; 75; 265 + getting jammed in the bore, should be withdrawn 1; 75; 267 + loading with, precautions to be observed 1; 76; 270 + all spherical, fitted with time-fuzes, except 1; 89; 324 + Parrott, the navy time-fuze the most certain for 1; 91; 334 + Parrott, charges for 1; 101; 385 + for rifled-cannon, gauges for 1; 101; 386 + for rifled-guns, to be close home on the powder 1; 103; 393, 394 + preferable for light artillery in the field 2; 22; 52 + when useful in boat-howitzers 2; 23; 64 + inspection of, with instruments to be used 3; 37, 38; 77-87 + gauges, and dimensions of sabots and straps for 3; 39; 89-91 + preservation of, directions as to piling, painting, &c. 3; 43; 98-103 + preparation of, for service, directions as to 3; 44-47; 104-128 + filling, directions as to 3; 44; 108 + emptying, directions as to 3; 46; 116 + boxes for, dimensions and areas occupied by 3; 47; 127, 128 + loaded, directions as to putting them on board ship 3; 52; 157 + +SHELL-BAGS, + to be preserved and returned into store 1; 10; 43 + +SHELL-DIVISIONS, + on board monitors, the duties of 1; 112; 436-443 + +SHELL-GUNS, + proof-charges for 3; 22; 31 + denominated by the diameters of their bores 3; 30; 47 + cylinders for, directions as to making &c. 3; 57, 58; 181-185 + +SHELL-MEN, + stations and numbers of, for broadside-guns 1; 35; 152 + duties of, in preparing for exercise of broadside-guns 1; 40; 173 + duties of, at the exercise of broadside-guns 1; 48; 212 + duties of, when housing lower-deck guns 1; 54; 230 + stations, &c., of, for pivot-guns 1; 62; 243 + +SHELL-ROOMS, + to be thoroughly cleaned, dried, and aired 1; 7; 28 + when opened, precautions to be taken against fire 1; 11; 50 + for mortars, directions concerning 1; 119, 120; 457-470 + the position and construction of, on board ships 3; 64; 202-204 + to ascertain the dryness of 3; 64; 205 + +SHELL-WHIPS, + description and use of 3; 70; 218 + +SHIFTING GUNS, + to have full gun's crews 1; 17; 80 + +SHIPS' CORPORALS, + the duties of, at general quarters 1; 31; 137 + +SHOT, + how to be passed up for use 1; 44; 200 + solid when to be used in action 1; 75; 266 + if jammed in the bore, should be withdrawn 1; 75; 267 + solid, not to be fired from shell-guns, except 1; 75; 268 + grape, the use of 1; 76; 271-273 + canister, the use of 1; 76; 274 + shrapnel-shell, or spherical case, the use of 1; 76; 275 + for rifled-cannon, the gauges for 1; 101; 386 + the 32-pdr. and 18-pdr., may be fired from the 100-pdr. and 60-pdr. + guns, especially on ricochet, &c. 1; 103; 398 + manner of inspecting, with the instruments used 3; 36, 37; 68-76 + to determine the average weight of, &c. 3; 37; 76 + gauges for, with their dimensions, &c. 3; 39; 88 + preservation of, with directions as to piling, painting, + &c. 3; 43; 98-103 + +SHOT-GUNS, + proof-charges for 3; 22; 31 + denominated by the weight of their shot 3; 30; 47 + cylinders for, directions as to making, &c. 3; 57, 58; 181-185 + +SHRAPNEL-SHELL, + in action, the proper use of 1; 76; 275 + time-fuzes, only to be used with 1; 104; 402 + useful with light artillery in the field 2; 22; 52 + when useful with boat-howitzers 2; 23; 61-63 + gauges and dimensions of sabots and straps for 3; 39; 90, 91 + +SIGHTS, + for broadside-guns, description and use of 1; 79-83; 288-308 + kind of, furnished to the Parrott-rifles 1; 82; 303 + for rifled-guns, description and use of 1; 104; 404 + trunnion, for mortars and pivot-guns, use, &c., of 3; 71; 225 + tangent, to be supplied to all pivot-guns 3; 71; 226 + +SIGNALS, + making and answering, in time of war 1; 94; 347-350 + for returning boats, in time of war 1; 96; 365 + +SIGNAL-OFFICERS, + in action, stationed upon the quarter-deck 1; 14; 66 + the duties of, at general quarters 1; 27; 109, 110 + +SELVAGEE-WADS, + to be placed over shot 1; 75; 264 + description of, and mode of making 3; 68; 214 + +SINGLE-STICK, + practice with the, to be encouraged 1; 93; 344 + +SLINGS. See GUN-SLINGS. + +SMALL-ARMS, + crews to be exercised in the use of 1; 5; 12 + to be turned over at the end of cruises, &c. 1; 12; 56 + not to be used in the tops, without 1; 25; 103 + loading and distribution of 1; 26; 107 + to be unloaded after exercise or battle 1; 54; 229 + proper for boats on armed expeditions 2; 7; 11, 12 + condemnations of, not allowed, except 3; 31; 51 + size of powder for 3; 49; 134 + a list of, to be furnished commanding officers of vessels 3; 51; 146 + quantity of powder for the cartridges of 3; 55; 166 + dimensions of the boxes for the ammunition, &c., of 3; 55; 167 + percussion-caps, and bullets for, will be furnished from the Washington + Yard 3; 55; 168 + how to be stamped 3; 79; 258 + to be carefully cleaned, &c., after use 3; 80; 259 + to be frequently examined, &c. 3; 80; 260 + cleaning them, directions as to 3; 80-82; 262-269 + precautions required in using 3; 82; 270 + lacquer for, its composition 3; 86; 271 + +SMALL-ARM-MEN, + formation, &c., of, when landed for service 2; 25; 70-75 + accoutrements and equipments for 3; 77; 249 + +SMOOTH-BORE GUNS, + service charges for 3; 53; 160 + +SPARE-ARTICLES, + required in action, the stowage, &c., of 1; 7; 25 + +SPHERICAL-CASE SHOT, + in action, the proper use of 1; 76; 27 + +SPONGES, + moist, the use of, recommended in wiping out, &c. 1; 74; 25 + +SPONGERS, + the selection for guns, merits of 1; 18; 84 + the selection and requirements of 1; 18; 84 + stations and numbers of, for broadside-guns 1; 35; 15 + duties of, in preparing for exercise at the broadside-guns, + &c., 1; 40; 171 + duties of, at the exercise of broadside-guns, on one side + only 1; 47; 210-229 + duties of, when housing lower-deck guns 1; 54; 230 + duties of, when shifting breechings in action 1; 59; 240 + to keep within the ports, as much as possible 1; 74; 260 + +SPONGE-CAPS, + materials and description of 3; 73; 233 + +SPONGE-HEADS, + materials, sizes, &c., of 3; 72, 73; 228-230 + +SPONGE-STAVES, + materials, sizes, &c., of 3; 73; 232 + +STEAMSHIPS, + preparations on board of, when going into action 1; 39; 168 + going into action, to have all the fires lighted, &c. 1; 94; 353-356 + +STORES, + table of, for armed boat expeditions 2; 4, 5; 5 + +STRAPS FOR SHELLS, + dimensions, &c., of 3; 39; 91 + +SURGEONS, + their stations when at quarters, with their divisions, 1; 15; 72 + the duties of, at general quarters 1; 31; 138, 139 + the duties of, in case of fire on board ship 1; 99; 382 + to accompany armed boat expeditions 2; 26; 83 + +SURVEYS, + on ordnance stores, when to be ordered 1; 4; 6 + on ordnance stores, when to be asked for by gunners 1; 11; 49 + on ordnance stores landed from ships, reports of, directions as to + preparing, &c. 3; 6; 19 + +SWORDS, + crews to be exercised in the use of 1; 5; 12 + number allowed for pivot and other guns 1; 21; 101 + to be kept ready for the use of boarders 1; 40; 179 + the efficient use of, in repelling boarders 1; 93; 341 + the practice with, to be encouraged 1; 93; 344 + +SWORD-SCABBARDS, + of Porter's pattern, a description of 3; 78; 250 + + +T. + +TABLES, + of the number of men for each kind of gun 1; 16; 78 + of the number of men and their stations, for pivot-guns 1; 21; 101 + of the number of men, with their stations, &c., for different classes + of guns 1; 22-24; 101 + of small-arms, allowed the master's division 1; 25; 101 + of equipments and implements for broadside-guns 1; 33; 148 + of stations and gun-numbers for broadside-guns 1; 35; 152 + of the wooden parts of ordinary truck-carriages 1; 45; 202 + of the metal parts of ordinary truck-carriages 1; 45; 202 + of parts peculiar to the Marsilly carriage 1; 45; 202 + of equipments and implements for pivot-guns 1; 61; 242 + of stations and gun-numbers for pivot-guns 1; 62; 243 + of the weight, charges, &c., of rifled-guns, with their shot, shell, + &c. 1; 101; 384 + of the sizes of boxes for rifled projectiles 1; 107; 411-414 + of equipments, arms, and stores for boats 2; 4; 5 + of the stations, &c., of the men of boat-howitzers 2; 13; 21 + of the stations, &c., of the men for field-howitzers 2; 19; 37 + of allowed variations in guns from the proper dimensions 3; 20; 30 + of proof charges for shot and shell guns 3; 22; 31 + of shot and shell gauges 3; 39, 40; 88-93 + of the number of balls in a triangular pile 3; 42; 96 + of the number of balls in a square pile 3; 42; 97 + of charges of powder for spherical shells 3; 44; 105 + of exterior dimensions of shell-boxes 3; 47; 127 + of areas occupied by one tier of shell-boxes 3; 47; 128 + of the sizes of grains of different classes of powder 3; 48; 130, 131 + of differences between the army and navy powder granulations 3; 49; 135 + of service-charges for smooth-bore guns 3; 53; 160 + of service-charges for navy rifle-guns 3; 54; 161 + of the capacity, weight &c., of powder-tanks 3; 54; 162 + of the stowage of cartridges in powder-tanks 3; 54; 163 + of charges for boat and field howitzers 3; 54; 164 + of dimensions, weight, &c., of boxes for boat-howitzer + projectiles 3; 55; 165 + of the quantity of powder in small-arm cartridges 3; 55; 166 + of the dimensions, &c., of boxes for small-arm ammunition and + fireworks 3; 55; 167 + of the dimensions, &c., of cylinders for guns 3; 58; 183, 184 + of the dimensions, &c., of sockets and pivots for carriages 3; 65; 207 + of the dimensions, &c., of breechings for guns 3; 67; 210 + of the dimensions, &c., of ordinary handspikes 3; 74; 237 + of the dimensions, &c., of roller handspikes 3; 75; 238 + of the compositions of paints, varnishes, lacquers, &c. 3; 82-89; 271 +[For Appendix Tables, see "CONTENTS OF APPENDIX."] + +TACKLEMEN, + stations and numbers of, for broadside-guns 1; 35; 152 + the duties of, in preparing for use of broadside-guns 1; 40; 177 + the duties of, at the exercises of broadside-guns on one side + only 1; 48; 211-216 + stations, &c., of, for pivot-guns 1; 62; 243 + +TARGETS, + materials, construction, &c., of 3; 70; 222 + +TARGET-PRACTICE, + numbers of rounds and broadsides to be expended in 1; 4; 7 + the expenditure for the allowances for 1; 4; 10 + in port, directions as to 1; 5; 11 + quarterly reports of, to be prepared and forwarded 1; 5; 15 + +THUMBSTALLS, + the naked thumb may be used, except for howitzers 1; 74; 256 + materials of 3; 78; 253 + +TIME-FUZES, + times and lengths of, see Appendix B 1; 90; 332 + unreliable in rifle-guns 1; 91; 334 + when may be used in rifle-guns 1; 104; 402 + +TOOLS, + for boats on armed expeditions 2; 8; 15 + intrenching, to be furnished for each division of boats, when 2; 26; 81 + +TOMPIONS, + not to be put in guns when stowed, except 3; 30; 45 + +TRAINING, + guns sharp, directions as to 1; 51 222 + guns lateral, directions as to 1; 78; 284 + guns, general directions as to 1; 88; 321, 322 + +TRIAL-GUNS, + extreme proof for, directions for 3; 24-26; 34-36 + +TRUCKS, + shifting, directions as to 1; 60; 241 + +TRUCK-CARRIAGES, + the names, &c., of the parts of 1; 45; 202 + +TRUNNION, + gauges, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 14, 19; 28, 29 + rules, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 14, 19; 28, 29 + sights, for mortars and pivot-guns, description and use of 3; 71; 225 + squares, for examining guns, description and use of 3; 13, 19; 29, 29 + + +V. + +VARNISHES, + for scabbards or patent leather 3; 86; 271 + Copal, the composition of 3; 86; 271 + Japan, the composition of 3; 87; 271 + +VENTS, + the stopping of, recommended 1; 74; 256 + obstructed how to be cleared 1; 74; 259 + of rifle-guns, description of 1; 104; 403 + of boat-howitzers, as to closing them, &c. 2; 15; 27 + measuring them, in examining guns 3; 18; 29 + to take the impressions of 3; 24; 36 + the amount of firing allowed for each, &c. 3; 33, 34; 61-65 + wax for taking impressions of, its composition 3; 88; 271 + +VENT-GAUGES, + for examining guns, description and use of 3; 15, 18; 28, 29 + +VENT-GUIDES, + for examining guns, description and use of 3; 14, 18; 28, 29 + +VENT-SEARCHERS, + for examining guns, description and use of 3; 15, 18; 28, 29 + +VENTILATION, + for magazines and for magazine-men 3; 64; 206 + + +W. + +WADS, + hard, not to be used in firing salutes 1; 7; 26 + selvagee, to be placed over shot 1; 75; 264 + over elongated projectiles, prohibited 1; 103; 397 + selvagee, a description of 3; 68; 214 + +WAIST-BELTS, + materials and sizes of 3; 77; 249 + +WATER-PROOF, + of guns, directions for 3; 23; 32 + +WAX, + for taking impressions of vents, its composition 3; 88; 271 + +WHIPS. See SHELL-WHIPS. + +WORDS OF COMMAND, + for broadside guns, on one side only "Silence." 1; 47; 205 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Cast loose," &c. 1; 47, 48; 206-218 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Run in." 1; 49; 219 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Serve vent and sponge." 1; 49; 220 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Load." 1; 49; 221 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Run out." 1; 50; 222 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Prime." 1; 51; 223 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Point." 1; 51; 224 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Ready--Fire." 1; 52; 225 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Cease Firing." 1; 52; 227 + for broadside guns, on one side only "Secure." 1; 53, 54; 229 + for quick-firing "Load, in one motion." 1; 58, 59; 238, 239 + shifting breechings in action "Sponge, Load, and Shift," + &c. 1; 59, 60; 240 + for pivot-guns "Silence! Cast Loose and Provide." 1; 63, 65; 244, 245 + for pivot-guns "Run in." 1; 65; 246 + for pivot-guns "Shift Pivot," &c. 1; 65, 66; 247 + for pivot-guns "Serve vent and sponge." 1; 67; 248 + for pivot-guns "Load." 1; 68; 249 + for pivot-guns "Run out." 1; 69; 250 + for pivot-guns "Prime." 1; 70; 251 + for pivot-guns "Point." 1; 70; 252 + for pivot-guns "Ready--Fire." 1; 71; 253 + for pivot-guns "Shift to housing-pivot and Secure." 1; 71; 254 + for monitors "Serve vent and sponge." 1; 109; 421 + for monitors "Load." 1; 109; 422 + for monitors "Prime." 1; 110; 423 + for monitors "Elevate" [or "Depress."] 1; 110; 424 + for monitors "Run out." 1; 110; 425 + for monitors "Train Right" [or "Left."] 1; 110; 426 + for monitors "Ready--Fire." 1; 110; 427 + for mortars "Silence." 1; 115; 447 + for mortars "Cast Loose and Provide." 1; 115; 448 + for mortars "Train" [Right or Left.] 1; 116; 449 + for mortars "Serve vent and sponge." 1; 116; 450 + for mortars "Load." 1; 117; 451 + for mortars "Elevate." 1; 117; 452 + for mortars "Prime." 1; 117; 453 + for mortars "Ready--Fire." 1; 118; 454 + for mortars "Mortar--Front." 1; 118; 455 + for mortars "Secure." 1; 118; 456 + for boat-howitzers "Man the Howitzer." 2; 14; 22 + for boat-howitzers "Sponge." 2; 14; 23 + for boat-howitzers "Load." 2; 14; 24 + for boat-howitzers "Point." 2; 14; 25 + for boat-howitzers "Fire." 2; 14; 26 + for disembarking howitzers "Prepare to Land" 2; 17; 31 + for disembarking howitzers "Trail bow and stroke oars." 2; 17; 32 + for disembarking howitzers "Trail." 2; 17; 33 + for disembarking howitzers "Shift the Howitzer." 2; 17; 34 + for disembarking howitzers "Land." 2; 18; 35 + for embarking Howitzers 2; 18; 36 + for field-Howitzers "Man the Howitzer." 2; 19; 38 + for field-Howitzers "Sponge." 2; 19; 39 + for field-Howitzers "Load." 2; 19; 40 + for field-Howitzers "Point." 2; 19; 41 + for field-Howitzers "Fire." 2; 19; 42 + for field-Howitzers "Secure the Howitzer." 2; 19; 43 + +WORMS. See ROBINSON'S WORMS. + +WOUNDED, + arrangements for lowering the 1; 44; 201 + implements for, on armed boat expeditions 2; 8; 17 + + +Y. + +YEOMEN, + what articles of ordnance stores to be accountable for 1; 13; 61 + duties of, when their ships are to be laid up 1; 13; 62 + appointments and qualifications of. 1; 13; 63 + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Ordnance Instructions for the United +States Navy., by Bureau of Ordnance, USN + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS *** + +***** This file should be named 19058.txt or 19058.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/0/5/19058/ + +Produced by Jeannie Howse, Curtis Weyant and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The University of Michigan Making of America collection) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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