18 files changed, 4893 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/19044-8.txt b/19044-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eee17c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1556 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Adrift on an Ice-Pan, by Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Adrift on an Ice-Pan
+
+Author: Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+Release Date: August 14, 2006 [EBook #19044]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse, Jessica
+Gockley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    +-----------------------------------------------------------+
+    | Transcriber's Note:                                       |
+    |                                                           |
+    | The appendix contains dialect that has been carefully     |
+    | reproduced.                                               |
+    |                                                           |
+    +-----------------------------------------------------------+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+      +--------------------------------------+
+      |        By Wilfred T. Grenfell        |
+      |                                      |
+      |  THE ADVENTURE OF LIFE.              |
+      |  ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN. Illustrated.  |
+      |                                      |
+      |       HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY       |
+      |         BOSTON AND NEW YORK          |
+      +--------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN
+
+  [Illustration: (signed) Wilfred Grenfell]
+
+
+
+
+ADRIFT ON AN
+ICE-PAN
+
+BY
+WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL
+M.D. (OXON), C.M.G.
+
+ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
+BY DR. GRENFELL AND OTHERS
+
+
+
+
+BOSTON AND NEW YORK
+HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
+
+
+
+
+COPYRIGHT 1909
+BY WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL
+ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
+
+PUBLISHED JUNE 1909
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH                                            ix
+
+ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN                                            1
+
+APPENDIX                                                       59
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL, M.D. (OXON), C.M.G      _Frontispiece_
+
+THE SETTLEMENT AT ST. ANTHONY                                   2
+
+ON A JOURNEY FROM ST. ANTHONY                                   4
+
+TRAVELLING ON BROKEN ICE                                        8
+
+PART OF DR. GRENFELL'S TEAM                                    12
+
+DR. GRENFELL AND JACK                                          20
+  WITH THE JACKET MADE FROM MOCCASINS
+
+DOC                                                            30
+
+MEMORIAL TABLET, ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL, NEWFOUNDLAND          54
+
+
+
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
+
+
+  "MOST NOBLE VICE-CHANCELLOR, AND YOU, EMINENT PROCTORS:
+
+"A citizen of Britain is before you, once a student in this
+University, now better known to the people of the New World than to
+our own. This is the man who fifteen years ago went to the coast of
+Labrador, to succor with medical aid the solitary fishermen of the
+northern sea; in executing which service he despised the perils of the
+ocean, which are there most terrible, in order to bring comfort and
+light to the wretched and sorrowing. Thus, up to the measure of human
+ability, he seems to follow, if it is right to say it of any one, in
+the footsteps of Christ Himself, as a truly Christian man. Rightly
+then we praise him by whose praise not he alone, but our University
+also is honored. I present to you Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, that he
+may be admitted to the degree of Doctor in Medicine, HONORIS CAUSA."
+
+Thus may be rendered the Latin address when, in May, 1907, for the
+first time in its history, the University of Oxford conferred the
+honorary degree in medicine. With these fitting words was presented a
+man whose simple faith has been the motive power of his works, to whom
+pain and weariness of flesh have called no stay since there was
+discouragement never, to whom personal danger has counted as nothing
+since fear is incomprehensible. "As the Lord wills, whether for wreck
+or service, I am about His business." On November 9th of the preceding
+year, the King of England gave one of his "Birthday Honors" to the
+same man, making him a Companion of St. Michael and St. George
+(C.M.G.).
+
+Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, second son of the Rev. Algernon Sydney
+Grenfell and Jane Georgiana Hutchinson, was born on the twenty-eighth
+day of February, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, at Mostyn House
+School, Parkgate, by Chester, England, of an ancestry which laid a
+firm foundation for his career and in surroundings which fitted him
+for it. On both sides of his inheritance have been exhibited the
+courage, patience, persistence, and fighting and teaching qualities
+which are exemplified in his own abilities to command, to administer,
+and to uplift.
+
+On his father's side were the Grenvilles, who made good account of
+themselves in such cause as they approved, among them Basil Grenville,
+commander of the Royalist Cornish Army, killed at Lansdown in 1643 in
+defence of King Charles.
+
+    "Four wheels to Charles's wain:
+    Grenville, Trevanion, Slanning, Godolphin slain."
+
+There was also Sir Richard Grenville, immortalized by Tennyson in "The
+Revenge," and John Pascoe Grenville, the right-hand man of Admiral
+Cochrane, who boarded the Spanish admiral's ship, the Esmeralda, on
+the port side, while Cochrane came up on the starboard, when together
+they made short work of the capture. Nor has the strain died out, as
+is demonstrated in the present generation by many of Dr. Grenfell's
+cousins, among them General Francis Wallace Grenfell, Lord Kilvey, and
+by Dr. Grenfell himself on the Labrador in the fight against disease
+and disaster and distress along a stormy and uncharted coast.
+
+On his mother's side, four of her brothers were generals or colonels
+in the trying times of service in India. The eldest fought with
+distinction throughout the Indian Mutiny and in the defence of
+Lucknow, and another commanded the crack cavalry regiment, the
+"Guides," at Peshawar, and fell fighting in one of the turbulent North
+of India wars.
+
+Of teachers, there was Dr. Grenfell's paternal grandfather, the Rev.
+Algernon Grenfell, the second of three brothers, house master at Rugby
+under Arnold, and a fine classical scholar, whose elder and younger
+brothers each felt the ancestral call of the sea and became admirals,
+with brave records of daring and success.
+
+Dr. Grenfell's father, after a brilliant career at Rugby School and at
+Balliol College, Oxford, became assistant master at Repton, and later,
+when he married, head master of Mostyn House School, a position which
+he resigned in 1882 to become Chaplain of the London Hospital. "He was
+a man of much learning, with a keen interest in science, a remarkable
+eloquence, and a fervent evangelistic faith."
+
+Mostyn House School still stands, enlarged and modernized, in the
+charge of Dr. Grenfell's elder brother, and in it his mother is still
+the real head and controlling genius.
+
+Parkgate, at one time a seaport of renown, when Liverpool was still
+unimportant, and later a seaside health resort to which came the
+fashion and beauty of England, had fallen, through the silting of the
+estuary and the broadening of the "Sands of Dee," to the level of a
+hamlet in the time of Dr. Grenfell's boyhood. The broad stretch of
+seaward trending sand, with its interlacing rivulets of fresh and
+brackish water, made a tempting though treacherous playground,
+alluring alike in the varied forms of life it harbored and in the
+adventure which whetted exploration. Thither came Charles Kingsley,
+Canon of Chester, who married a Grenfell, and who coupled his verse
+with scientific study and made geological excursions to the river's
+mouth with the then Master of Mostyn House School. In these excursions
+the youthful Wilfred was a participant, and therein he learned some of
+his first lessons in that accuracy of observation essential to his
+later life work.
+
+Here in this trained, but untrammeled, boyhood, with an inherited
+incentive to labor and an educated thirst for knowledge, away from the
+thrall of crowded communities, close to the wild places of nature,
+with the sea always beckoning and a rocking boat as familiar as the
+land, it is small wonder that there grew the fashioning of the purpose
+of a man, dimly at first, conceived in a home in which all, both of
+tradition and of teaching, bred faith, reverence, and the sense of
+thanksgiving in usefulness.
+
+From the school-days at Parkgate came the step to Marlborough College,
+where three years were marked by earnest study, both in books and in
+play, for the one gained a scholarship and the other an enduring
+interest in Rugby football. Matriculating later at the University of
+London, Grenfell entered the London Hospital, and there laid not only
+the foundation of his medical education, but that of his friendship
+with Sir Frederick Treves, renowned surgeon and daring sailor and
+master mariner as well. With plenty of work to the fore, as a hospital
+interne, the ruling spirit still asserted itself, and the young
+doctor became an inspiration among the waifs of the teeming city; he
+was one of the founders of the great Lads' Brigades which have done
+much good, and fostered more, in the example that they have set for
+allied activities. Nor were the needs of his own bodily machine
+neglected; football, rowing, and the tennis court kept him in
+condition, and his athletics served to strengthen his appeals to the
+London boys whom he enrolled in the brigades. He founded the
+inter-hospital rowing club at Putney and rowed in the first
+inter-hospital race; he played on the Varsity football team, and won
+the "throwing the hammer" at the sports.
+
+A couple of terms at Queen's College, Oxford, followed the London
+experience, but here the conditions were too easy and luxurious for
+one who, by both inheritance and training, had within him the
+incentive to the strenuous life. Need called, misery appealed, the
+message of life, of hope, and of salvation awaited, and the young
+doctor turned from Oxford to the medical mission work in which his
+record stands among the foremost for its effectiveness and for the
+spirituality of its purpose.
+
+Seeking some way in which he could satisfy his medical aspirations, as
+well as his desire for adventure and for definite Christian work, he
+appealed to Sir Frederick Treves, a member of the Council of the Royal
+National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, who suggested his joining the
+staff of the mission and establishing a medical mission to the
+fishermen of the North Sea. The conditions of the life were onerous,
+the existing traffic in spirituous liquors and in all other
+demoralizing influences had to be fought step by step, prejudice and
+evil habit had to be overcome and to be replaced by better knowledge
+and better desire, there was room for both fighting and teaching, and
+the medical mission won its way. "When you set out to commend your
+gospel to men who don't want it, there's only one way to go about
+it,--to do something for them that they'll be sure to understand. The
+message of love that was 'made flesh and dwelt amongst men' must be
+reincarnate in our lives if it is to be received to-day." Thus came
+about the outfitting of the Albert hospital-ship to carry the message
+and the help, by cruising among the fleets on the fishing-grounds,
+and the organization of the Deep Sea Mission; when this work was done,
+"when the fight had gone out of it," Dr. Grenfell looked for another
+field, for yet another need, and found it on that barren and
+inhospitable coast the Labrador, whose only harvest field is the sea.
+
+Six hundred miles of almost barren rock with outlying uncharted
+ledges,--worn smooth by ice, else still more vessels would have found
+wreckage there; a scant, constant population of hardy fishermen and
+their families, pious and God-fearing, most of them, but largely at
+the mercy of the local traders, who took their pay in fish for the
+bare necessities of living, with a large account always on the
+trader's side; with such medical aid and ministration as came only
+occasionally, by the infrequent mail boat, and not at all in the long
+winter months when the coast was firm beset with ice,--to such a place
+came Dr. Grenfell in 1892 to cast in his lot with its inhabitants, to
+live there so long as he should, to die there were it God's will.
+
+As it stands to-day the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, which Dr.
+Grenfell represents, administers, and animates on the Labrador coast,
+not only brings hope, new courage, and spiritual comfort to an
+isolated people in a desolate land, but cares for the sick and
+injured, in its four hospitals and dispensary, provides house
+visitation by means of dog-sledge journeys covering hundreds of miles
+in a year, teaches wholesome and righteous living, conducts
+coöperative stores, provides for orphans and for families bereft of
+the bread-winners by accidents of the sea, encourages thrift, and
+administers justice, and adds to the wage-earning capacity and
+therefore food-obtaining power by operating a sawmill, a
+schooner-building yard, and other productive industries.
+
+To accomplish this, to make of the scattered settlements a united and
+independent people, to safeguard their future by such measures as the
+establishment of a Seamen's Institute at St. John's, Newfoundland, and
+the insurance of communication with the outside world, and to raise,
+by personal solicitation, the money needed for these enterprises,
+requires an unusual personality. Faith, courage, insight, foresight,
+the power to win, and the ability to command,--all of these and more
+of like qualities are embodied and portrayed in Dr. Grenfell.
+
+          CLARENCE JOHN BLAKE.
+
+
+
+
+ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN
+
+
+It was Easter Sunday at St. Anthony in the year 1908, but with us in
+northern Newfoundland still winter. Everything was covered with snow
+and ice. I was walking back after morning service, when a boy came
+running over from the hospital with the news that a large team of dogs
+had come from sixty miles to the southward, to get a doctor on a very
+urgent case. It was that of a young man on whom we had operated about
+a fortnight before for an acute bone disease in the thigh. The people
+had allowed the wound to close, the poisoned matter had accumulated,
+and we thought we should have to remove the leg. There was obviously,
+therefore, no time to be lost. So, having packed up the necessary
+instruments, dressings, and drugs, and having fitted out the
+dog-sleigh with my best dogs, I started at once, the messengers
+following me with their team.
+
+My team was an especially good one. On many a long journey they had
+stood by me and pulled me out of difficulties by their sagacity and
+endurance. To a lover of his dogs, as every Christian man must be,
+each one had become almost as precious as a child to its mother. They
+were beautiful beasts: "Brin," the cleverest leader on the coast;
+"Doc," a large, gentle beast, the backbone of the team for power;
+"Spy," a wiry, powerful black and white dog; "Moody," a lop-eared
+black-and-tan, in his third season, a plodder that never looked behind
+him; "Watch," the youngster of the team, long-legged and speedy, with
+great liquid eyes and a Gordon-setter coat; "Sue," a large, dark
+Eskimo, the image of a great black wolf, with her sharp-pointed and
+perpendicular ears, for she "harked back" to her wild ancestry;
+"Jerry," a large roan-colored slut, the quickest of all my dogs on her
+feet, and so affectionate that her overtures of joy had often sent me
+sprawling on my back; "Jack," a jet-black, gentle-natured dog, more
+like a retriever, that always ran next the sledge, and never looked
+back but everlastingly pulled straight ahead, running always with his
+nose to the ground.
+
+  [Illustration: THE SETTLEMENT AT ST. ANTHONY]
+
+It was late in April, when there is always the risk of getting wet
+through the ice, so that I was carefully prepared with spare outfit,
+which included a change of garments, snow-shoes, rifle, compass, axe,
+and oilskin overclothes. The messengers were anxious that their team
+should travel back with mine, for they were slow at best and needed a
+lead. My dogs, however, being a powerful team, could not be held back,
+and though I managed to wait twice for their sleigh, I had reached a
+village about twenty miles on the journey before nightfall, and had
+fed the dogs, and was gathering a few people for prayers when they
+caught me up.
+
+During the night the wind shifted to the northeast, which brought in
+fog and rain, softened the snow, and made travelling very bad,
+besides heaving a heavy sea into the bay. Our drive next morning would
+be somewhat over forty miles, the first ten miles on an arm of the
+sea, on salt-water ice.
+
+  [Illustration: ON A JOURNEY]
+
+In order not to be separated too long from my friends, I sent them
+ahead two hours before me, appointing a rendezvous in a log tilt that
+we have built in the woods as a halfway house. There is no one living
+on all that long coast-line, and to provide against accidents--which
+have happened more than once--we built this hut to keep dry clothing,
+food, and drugs in.
+
+The first rain of the year was falling when I started, and I was
+obliged to keep on what we call the "ballicaters," or ice barricades,
+much farther up the bay than I had expected. The sea of the night
+before had smashed the ponderous covering of ice right to the
+landwash. There were great gaping chasms between the enormous blocks,
+which we call pans, and half a mile out it was all clear water.
+
+An island three miles out had preserved a bridge of ice, however, and
+by crossing a few cracks I managed to reach it. From the island it was
+four miles across to a rocky promontory,--a course that would be
+several miles shorter than going round the shore. Here as far as the
+eye could reach the ice seemed good, though it was very rough.
+Obviously, it had been smashed up by the sea and then packed in again
+by the strong wind from the northeast, and I thought it had frozen
+together solid.
+
+All went well till I was about a quarter of a mile from the
+landing-point. Then the wind suddenly fell, and I noticed that I was
+travelling over loose "sish," which was like porridge and probably
+many feet deep. By stabbing down, I could drive my whip-handle through
+the thin coating of young ice that was floating on it. The sish ice
+consists of the tiny fragments where the large pans have been pounding
+together on the heaving sea, like the stones of Freya's grinding mill.
+
+So quickly did the wind now come off shore, and so quickly did the
+packed "slob," relieved of the wind pressure, "run abroad," that
+already I could not see one pan larger than ten feet square; moreover,
+the ice was loosening so rapidly that I saw that retreat was
+absolutely impossible. Neither was there any way to get off the little
+pan I was surveying from.
+
+There was not a moment to lose. I tore off my oilskins, threw myself
+on my hands and knees by the side of the komatik to give a larger base
+to hold, and shouted to my team to go ahead for the shore. Before we
+had gone twenty yards, the dogs got frightened, hesitated for a
+moment, and the komatik instantly sank into the slob. It was necessary
+then for the dogs to pull much harder, so that they now began to sink
+in also.
+
+Earlier in the season the father of the very boy I was going to
+operate on had been drowned in this same way, his dogs tangling their
+traces around him in the slob. This flashed into my mind, and I
+managed to loosen my sheath-knife, scramble forward, find the traces
+in the water, and cut them, holding on to the leader's trace wound
+round my wrist.
+
+  [Illustration: TRAVELLING ON BROKEN ICE]
+
+Being in the water I could see no piece of ice that would bear
+anything up. But there was as it happened a piece of snow, frozen
+together like a large snowball, about twenty-five yards away, near
+where my leading dog, "Brin," was wallowing in the slob. Upon this he
+very shortly climbed, his long trace of ten fathoms almost reaching
+there before he went into the water.
+
+This dog has weird black markings on his face, giving him the
+appearance of wearing a perpetual grin. After climbing out on the snow
+as if it were the most natural position in the world he deliberately
+shook the ice and water from his long coat, and then turned round to
+look for me. As he sat perched up there out of the water he seemed to
+be grinning with satisfaction. The other dogs were hopelessly bogged.
+Indeed, we were like flies in treacle.
+
+Gradually, I hauled myself along the line that was still tied to my
+wrist, till without any warning the dog turned round and slipped out
+of his harness, and then once more turned his grinning face to where I
+was struggling.
+
+It was impossible to make any progress through the sish ice by
+swimming, so I lay there and thought all would soon be over, only
+wondering if any one would ever know how it happened. There was no
+particular horror attached to it, and in fact I began to feel drowsy,
+as if I could easily go to sleep, when suddenly I saw the trace of
+another big dog that had himself gone through before he reached the
+pan, and though he was close to it was quite unable to force his way
+out. Along this I hauled myself, using him as a bow anchor, but much
+bothered by the other dogs as I passed them, one of which got on my
+shoulder, pushing me farther down into the ice. There was only a yard
+or so more when I had passed my living anchor, and soon I lay with my
+dogs around me on the little piece of slob ice. I had to help them on
+to it, working them through the lane that I had made.
+
+  [Illustration: PART OF DR. GRENFELL'S TEAM]
+
+The piece of ice we were on was so small it was obvious we must soon
+all be drowned, if we remained upon it as it drifted seaward into more
+open water. If we were to save our lives, no time was to be lost. When
+I stood up, I could see about twenty yards away a larger pan floating
+amidst the sish, like a great flat raft, and if we could get on to it
+we should postpone at least for a time the death that already seemed
+almost inevitable. It was impossible to reach it without a life line,
+as I had already learned to my cost, and the next problem was how to
+get one there. Marvellous to relate, when I had first fallen through,
+after I had cut the dogs adrift without any hope left of saving
+myself, I had not let my knife sink, but had fastened it by two half
+hitches to the back of one of the dogs. To my great joy there it was
+still, and shortly I was at work cutting all the sealskin traces
+still hanging from the dogs' harnesses, and splicing them together
+into one long line. These I divided and fastened to the backs of my
+two leaders, tying the near ends round my two wrists. I then pointed
+out to "Brin" the pan I wanted to reach and tried my best to make them
+go ahead, giving them the full length of my lines from two coils. My
+long sealskin moccasins, reaching to my thigh, were full of ice and
+water. These I took off and tied separately on the dogs' backs. My
+coat, hat, gloves, and overalls I had already lost. At first, nothing
+would induce the two dogs to move, and though I threw them off the pan
+two or three times, they struggled back upon it, which perhaps was
+only natural, because as soon as they fell through they could see
+nowhere else to make for. To me, however, this seemed to spell "the
+end." Fortunately, I had with me a small black spaniel, almost a
+featherweight, with large furry paws, called "Jack," who acts as my
+mascot and incidentally as my retriever. This at once flashed into my
+mind, and I felt I had still one more chance for life. So I spoke to
+him and showed him the direction, and then threw a piece of ice toward
+the desired goal. Without a moment's hesitation he made a dash for it,
+and to my great joy got there safely, the tough scale of sea ice
+carrying his weight bravely. At once I shouted to him to "lie down,"
+and this, too, he immediately did, looking like a little black fuzz
+ball on the white setting. My leaders could now see him seated there
+on the new piece of floe, and when once more I threw them off they
+understood what I wanted, and fought their way to where they saw the
+spaniel, carrying with them the line that gave me the one chance for
+my life. The other dogs followed them, and after painful struggling,
+all got out again except one. Taking all the run that I could get on
+my little pan, I made a dive, slithering with the impetus along the
+surface till once more I sank through. After a long fight, however, I
+was able to haul myself by the long traces on to this new pan, having
+taken care beforehand to tie the harnesses to which I was holding
+under the dogs' bellies, so that they could not slip them off. But
+alas! the pan I was now on was not large enough to bear us and was
+already beginning to sink, so this process had to be repeated
+immediately.
+
+I now realized that, though we had been working toward the shore, we
+had been losing ground all the time, for the off-shore wind had
+already driven us a hundred yards farther out. But the widening gap
+kept full of the pounded ice, through which no man could possibly go.
+
+I had decided I would rather stake my chances on a long swim even than
+perish by inches on the floe, as there was no likelihood whatever of
+being seen and rescued. But, keenly though I watched, not a streak
+even of clear water appeared, the interminable sish rising from below
+and filling every gap as it appeared. We were now resting on a piece
+of ice about ten by twelve feet, which, as I found when I came to
+examine it, was not ice at all, but simply snow-covered slob frozen
+into a mass, and I feared it would very soon break up in the general
+turmoil of the heavy sea, which was increasing as the ice drove off
+shore before the wind.
+
+At first we drifted in the direction of a rocky point on which a heavy
+surf was breaking. Here I thought once again to swim ashore. But
+suddenly we struck a rock. A large piece broke off the already small
+pan, and what was left swung round in the backwash, and started right
+out to sea.
+
+There was nothing for it now but to hope for a rescue. Alas! there was
+little possibility of being seen. As I have already mentioned, no one
+lives around this big bay. My only hope was that the other komatik,
+knowing I was alone and had failed to keep my tryst, would perhaps
+come back to look for me. This, however, as it proved, they did not
+do.
+
+The westerly wind was rising all the time, our coldest wind at this
+time of the year, coming as it does over the Gulf ice. It was
+tantalizing, as I stood with next to nothing on, the wind going
+through me and every stitch soaked in ice-water, to see my
+well-stocked komatik some fifty yards away. It was still above water,
+with food, hot tea in a thermos bottle, dry clothing, matches, wood,
+and everything on it for making a fire to attract attention.
+
+It is easy to see a dark object on the ice in the daytime, for the
+gorgeous whiteness shows off the least thing. But the tops of bushes
+and large pieces of kelp have often deceived those looking out.
+Moreover, within our memory no man has been thus adrift on the bay
+ice. The chances were about one in a thousand that I should be seen at
+all, and if I were seen, I should probably be mistaken for some piece
+of refuse.
+
+To keep from freezing, I cut off my long moccasins down to the feet,
+strung out some line, split the legs, and made a kind of jacket, which
+protected my back from the wind down as far as the waist. I have this
+jacket still, and my friends assure me it would make a good Sunday
+garment.
+
+I had not drifted more than half a mile before I saw my poor komatik
+disappear through the ice, which was every minute loosening up into
+the small pans that it consisted of, and it seemed like a friend gone
+and one more tie with home and safety lost. To the northward, about a
+mile distant, lay the mainland along which I had passed so merrily in
+the morning,--only, it seemed, a few moments before.
+
+By mid-day I had passed the island to which I had crossed on the ice
+bridge. I could see that the bridge was gone now. If I could reach the
+island I should only be marooned and destined to die of starvation.
+But there was little chance of that, for I was rapidly driving into
+the ever widening bay.
+
+  [Illustration: DR. GRENFELL AND JACK
+  WITH THE JACKET MADE FROM MOCCASINS]
+
+It was scarcely safe to move on my small ice raft, for fear of
+breaking it. Yet I saw I must have the skins of some of my dogs,--of
+which I had eight on the pan,--if I was to live the night out. There
+was now some three to five miles between me and the north side of the
+bay. There, immense pans of Arctic ice, surging to and fro on the
+heavy ground seas, were thundering into the cliffs like medieval
+battering-rams. It was evident that, even if seen, I could hope for no
+help from that quarter before night. No boat could live through the
+surf.
+
+Unwinding the sealskin traces from my waist, round which I had wound
+them to keep the dogs from eating them, I made a slip-knot, passed it
+over the first dog's head, tied it round my foot close to his neck,
+threw him on his back, and stabbed him in the heart. Poor beast! I
+loved him like a friend,--a beautiful dog,--but we could not all hope
+to live. In fact, I had no hope any of us would, at that time, but it
+seemed better to die fighting.
+
+In spite of my care the struggling dog bit me rather badly in the leg.
+I suppose my numb hands prevented my holding his throat as I could
+ordinarily do. Moreover, I must hold the knife in the wound to the
+end, as blood on the fur would freeze solid and make the skin useless.
+In this way I sacrificed two more large dogs, receiving only one more
+bite, though I fully expected that the pan I was on would break up in
+the struggle. The other dogs, who were licking their coats and trying
+to get dry, apparently took no notice of the fate of their
+comrades,--but I was very careful to prevent the dying dogs crying
+out, for the noise of fighting would probably have been followed by
+the rest attacking the down dog, and that was too close to me to be
+pleasant. A short shrift seemed to me better than a long one, and I
+envied the dead dogs whose troubles were over so quickly. Indeed, I
+came to balance in my mind whether, if once I passed into the open
+sea, it would not be better by far to use my faithful knife on myself
+than to die by inches. There seemed no hardship in the thought. I
+seemed fully to sympathize with the Japanese view of hara-kiri.
+
+Working, however, saved me from philosophizing. By the time I had
+skinned these dogs, and with my knife and some of the harness had
+strung the skins together, I was ten miles on my way, and it was
+getting dark.
+
+Away to the northward I could see a single light in the little village
+where I had slept the night before, where I had received the kindly
+hospitality of the simple fishermen in whose comfortable homes I have
+spent many a night. I could not help but think of them sitting down to
+tea, with no idea that there was any one watching them, for I had told
+them not to expect me back for three days.
+
+Meanwhile I had frayed out a small piece of rope into oakum, and mixed
+it with fat from the intestines of my dogs. Alas, my match-box, which
+was always chained to me, had leaked, and my matches were in pulp. Had
+I been able to make a light, it would have looked so unearthly out
+there on the sea that I felt sure they would see me. But that chance
+was now cut off. However, I kept the matches, hoping that I might dry
+them if I lived through the night. While working at the dogs, about
+every five minutes I would stand up and wave my hands toward the land.
+I had no flag, and I could not spare my shirt, for, wet as it was, it
+was better than nothing in that freezing wind, and, anyhow, it was
+already nearly dark.
+
+Unfortunately, the coves in among the cliffs are so placed that only
+for a very narrow space can the people in any house see the sea.
+Indeed, most of them cannot see it at all, so that I could not in the
+least expect any one to see me, even supposing it had been daylight.
+
+Not daring to take any snow from the surface of my pan to break the
+wind with, I piled up the carcasses of my dogs. With my skin rug I
+could now sit down without getting soaked. During these hours I had
+continually taken off all my clothes, wrung them out, swung them one
+by one in the wind, and put on first one and then the other inside,
+hoping that what heat there was in my body would thus serve to dry
+them. In this I had been fairly successful.
+
+My feet gave me most trouble, for they immediately got wet again
+because my thin moccasins were easily soaked through on the snow. I
+suddenly thought of the way in which the Lapps who tend our reindeer
+manage for dry socks. They carry grass with them, which they ravel up
+and pad into their shoes. Into this they put their feet, and then pack
+the rest with more grass, tying up the top with a binder. The ropes of
+the harness for our dogs are carefully sewed all over with two layers
+of flannel in order to make them soft against the dogs' sides. So, as
+soon as I could sit down, I started with my trusty knife to rip up the
+flannel. Though my fingers were more or less frozen, I was able also
+to ravel out the rope, put it into my shoes, and use my wet socks
+inside my knickerbockers, where, though damp, they served to break the
+wind. Then, tying the narrow strips of flannel together, I bound up
+the top of the moccasins, Lapp-fashion, and carried the bandage on up
+over my knee, making a ragged though most excellent puttee.
+
+As to the garments I wore, I had opened recently a box of football
+clothes I had not seen for twenty years. I had found my old Oxford
+University football running shorts and a pair of Richmond Football
+Club red, yellow, and black stockings, exactly as I wore them twenty
+years ago. These with a flannel shirt and sweater vest were now all I
+had left. Coat, hat, gloves, oilskins, everything else, were gone, and
+I stood there in that odd costume, exactly as I stood twenty years ago
+on a football field, reminding me of the little girl of a friend, who,
+when told she was dying, asked to be dressed in her Sunday frock to
+go to heaven in. My costume, being very light, dried all the quicker,
+until afternoon. Then nothing would dry anymore, everything freezing
+stiff. It had been an ideal costume to struggle through the slob ice.
+I really believe the conventional garments missionaries are supposed
+to affect would have been fatal.
+
+My occupation till what seemed like midnight was unravelling rope, and
+with this I padded out my knickers inside, and my shirt as well,
+though it was a clumsy job, for I could not see what I was doing. Now,
+getting my largest dog, Doc, as big as a wolf and weighing ninety-two
+pounds, I made him lie down, so that I could cuddle round him. I then
+wrapped the three skins around me, arranging them so that I could lie
+on one edge, while the other came just over my shoulders and head.
+
+My own breath collecting inside the newly flayed skin must have had a
+soporific effect, for I was soon fast asleep. One hand I had kept warm
+against the curled up dog, but the other, being gloveless, had frozen,
+and I suddenly awoke, shivering enough, I thought, to break my fragile
+pan. What I took at first to be the sun was just rising, but I soon
+found it was the moon, and then I knew it was about half-past twelve.
+The dog was having an excellent time. He hadn't been cuddled so warm
+all winter, and he resented my moving with low growls till he found it
+wasn't another dog.
+
+  [Illustration: DOC]
+
+The wind was steadily driving me now toward the open sea, and I could
+expect, short of a miracle, nothing but death out there. Somehow, one
+scarcely felt justified in praying for a miracle. But we have learned
+down here to pray for things we want, and, anyhow, just at that moment
+the miracle occurred. The wind fell off suddenly, and came with a
+light air from the southward, and then dropped stark calm. The ice was
+now "all abroad," which I was sorry for, for there was a big safe pan
+not twenty yards away from me. If I could have got on that, I might
+have killed my other dogs when the time came, and with their coats I
+could hope to hold out for two or three days more, and with the food
+and drink their bodies would offer me need not at least die of hunger
+or thirst. To tell the truth, they were so big and strong I was half
+afraid to tackle them with only a sheath-knife on my small and
+unstable raft.
+
+But it was now freezing hard. I knew the calm water between us would
+form into cakes, and I had to recognize that the chance of getting
+near enough to escape on to it was gone. If, on the other hand, the
+whole bay froze solid again I had yet another possible chance. For my
+pan would hold together longer and I should be opposite another
+village, called Goose Cove, at daylight, and might possibly be seen
+from there. I knew that the komatiks there would be starting at
+daybreak over the hills for a parade of Orangemen about twenty miles
+away. Possibly, therefore, I might be seen as they climbed the hills.
+So I lay down, and went to sleep again.
+
+It seems impossible to say how long one sleeps, but I woke with a
+sudden thought in my mind that I must have a flag; but again I had no
+pole and no flag. However, I set to work in the dark to disarticulate
+the legs of my dead dogs, which were now frozen stiff, and which were
+all that offered a chance of carrying anything like a distress signal.
+Cold as it was, I determined to sacrifice my shirt for that purpose
+with the first streak of daylight.
+
+It took a long time in the dark to get the legs off, and when I had
+patiently marled them together with old harness rope and the remains
+of the skin traces, it was the heaviest and crookedest flag-pole it
+has ever been my lot to see. I had had no food from six o'clock the
+morning before, when I had eaten porridge and bread and butter. I had,
+however, a rubber band which I had been wearing instead of one of my
+garters, and I chewed that for twenty-four hours. It saved me from
+thirst and hunger, oddly enough. It was not possible to get a drink
+from my pan, for it was far too salty. But anyhow that thought did not
+distress me much, for as from time to time I heard the cracking and
+grinding of the newly formed slob, it seemed that my devoted boat must
+inevitably soon go to pieces.
+
+At last the sun rose, and the time came for the sacrifice of my shirt.
+So I stripped, and, much to my surprise, found it not half so cold as
+I had anticipated. I now re-formed my dog-skins with the raw side out,
+so that they made a kind of coat quite rivalling Joseph's. But, with
+the rising of the sun, the frost came out of the joints of my dogs'
+legs, and the friction caused by waving it made my flag-pole almost
+tie itself in knots. Still, I could raise it three or four feet above
+my head, which was very important.
+
+Now, however, I found that instead of being as far out at sea as I had
+reckoned, I had drifted back in a northwesterly direction, and was off
+some cliffs known as Ireland Head. Near these there was a little
+village looking seaward, whence I should certainly have been seen.
+But, as I had myself, earlier in the winter, been night-bound at this
+place, I had learnt there was not a single soul living there at all
+this winter. The people had all, as usual, migrated to the winter
+houses up the bay, where they get together for schooling and social
+purposes.
+
+I soon found it was impossible to keep waving so heavy a flag all the
+time, and yet I dared not sit down, for that might be the exact moment
+some one would be in a position to see me from the hills. The only
+thing in my mind was how long I could stand up and how long go on
+waving that pole at the cliffs. Once or twice I thought I saw men
+against their snowy faces, which, I judged, were about five and a half
+miles from me, but they were only trees. Once, also, I thought I saw a
+boat approaching. A glittering object kept appearing and disappearing
+on the water, but it was only a small piece of ice sparkling in the
+sun as it rose on the surface. I think that the rocking of my cradle
+up and down on the waves had helped me to sleep, for I felt as well as
+ever I did in my life; and with the hope of a long sunny day, I felt
+sure I was good to last another twenty-four hours,--if my boat would
+hold out and not rot under the sun's rays.
+
+Each time I sat down to rest, my big dog "Doc" came and kissed my face
+and then walked to the edge of the ice-pan, returning again to where I
+was huddled up, as if to say, "Why don't you come along? Surely it is
+time to start." The other dogs also were now moving about very
+restlessly, occasionally trying to satisfy their hunger by gnawing at
+the dead bodies of their brothers.
+
+I determined, at mid-day, to kill a big Eskimo dog and drink his
+blood, as I had read only a few days before in "Farthest North" of Dr.
+Nansen's doing,--that is, if I survived the battle with him. I could
+not help feeling, even then, my ludicrous position, and I thought, if
+ever I got ashore again, I should have to laugh at myself standing
+hour after hour waving my shirt at those lofty cliffs, which seemed to
+assume a kind of sardonic grin, so that I could almost imagine they
+were laughing at me. At times I could not help thinking of the good
+breakfast that my colleagues were enjoying at the back of those same
+cliffs, and of the snug fire and the comfortable room which we call
+our study.
+
+I can honestly say that from first to last not a single sensation of
+fear entered my mind, even when I was struggling in the slob ice.
+Somehow it did not seem unnatural; I had been through the ice half a
+dozen times before. For the most part I felt very sleepy, and the idea
+was then very strong in my mind that I should soon reach the solution
+of the mysteries that I had been preaching about for so many years.
+
+Only the previous night (Easter Sunday) at prayers in the cottage, we
+had been discussing the fact that the soul was entirely separate from
+the body, that Christ's idea of the body as the temple in which the
+soul dwells is so amply borne out by modern science. We had talked of
+thoughts from that admirable book, "Brain and Personality," by Dr.
+Thompson of New York, and also of the same subject in the light of a
+recent operation performed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital by Dr. Harvey
+Cushing. The doctor had removed from a man's brain two large cystic
+tumors without giving the man an anæsthetic, and the patient had kept
+up a running conversation with him all the while the doctor's fingers
+were working in his brain. It had seemed such a striking proof that
+ourselves and our bodies are two absolutely different things.
+
+Our eternal life has always been with me a matter of faith. It seems
+to me one of those problems that must always be a mystery to
+knowledge. But my own faith in this matter had been so untroubled that
+it seemed now almost natural to be leaving through this portal of
+death from an ice pan. In many ways, also, I could see how a death of
+this kind might be of value to the particular work that I am engaged
+in. Except for my friends, I had nothing I could think of to regret
+whatever. Certainly, I should like to have told them the story. But
+then one does not carry folios of paper in running shorts which have
+no pockets, and all my writing gear had gone by the board with the
+komatik.
+
+I could still see a testimonial to myself some distance away in my
+khaki overalls, which I had left on another pan in the struggle of the
+night before. They seemed a kind of company, and would possibly be
+picked up and suggest the true story. Running through my head all the
+time, quite unbidden, were the words of the old hymn:--
+
+    "My God, my Father, while I stray
+    Far from my home on life's dark way,
+    Oh, teach me from my heart to say,
+        Thy will be done!"
+
+It is a hymn we hardly ever sing out here, and it was an unconscious
+memory of my boyhood days.
+
+It was a perfect morning,--a cobalt sky, an ultramarine sea, a golden
+sun, an almost wasteful extravagance of crimson over hills of purest
+snow, which caught a reflected glow from rock and crag. Between me and
+the hills lay miles of rough ice and long veins of thin black slob
+that had formed during the night. For the foreground there was my
+poor, gruesome pan, bobbing up and down on the edge of the open sea,
+stained with blood, and littered with carcasses and débris. It was
+smaller than last night, and I noticed also that the new ice from the
+water melted under the dogs' bodies had been formed at the expense of
+its thickness. Five dogs, myself in colored football costume, and a
+bloody dogskin cloak, with a gay flannel shirt on a pole of frozen
+dogs' legs, completed the picture. The sun was almost hot by now, and
+I was conscious of a surplus of heat in my skin coat. I began to look
+longingly at one of my remaining dogs, for an appetite will rise even
+on an ice-pan, and that made me think of fire. So once again I
+inspected my matches. Alas! the heads were in paste, all but three or
+four blue-top wax ones.
+
+These I now laid out to dry, while I searched about on my snow-pan to
+see if I could get a piece of transparent ice to make a burning-glass.
+For I was pretty sure that with all the unravelled tow I had stuffed
+into my leggings, and with the fat of my dogs, I could make smoke
+enough to be seen if only I could get a light. I had found a piece
+which I thought would do, and had gone back to wave my flag, which I
+did every two minutes, when I suddenly thought I saw again the glitter
+of an oar. It did not seem possible, however, for it must be
+remembered it was not water which lay between me and the land, but
+slob ice, which a mile or two inside me was very heavy. Even if people
+had seen me, I did not think they could get through, though I knew
+that the whole shore would then be trying. Moreover, there was no
+smoke rising on the land to give me hope that I had been seen. There
+had been no gun-flashes in the night, and I felt sure that, had any
+one seen me, there would have been a bonfire on every hill to
+encourage me to keep going.
+
+So I gave it up, and went on with my work. But the next time I went
+back to my flag, the glitter seemed very distinct, and though it kept
+disappearing as it rose and fell on the surface, I kept my eyes
+strained upon it, for my dark spectacles had been lost, and I was
+partly snowblind.
+
+I waved my flag as high as I could raise it, broadside on. At last,
+beside the glint of the white oar, I made out the black streak of the
+hull. I knew that, if the pan held on for another hour, I should be
+all right.
+
+With that strange perversity of the human intellect, the first thing I
+thought of was what trophies I could carry with my luggage from the
+pan, and I pictured the dog-bone flagstaff adorning my study. (The
+dogs actually ate it afterwards.) I thought of preserving my ragged
+puttees with our collection of curiosities. I lost no time now at the
+burning-glass. My whole mind was devoted to making sure I should be
+seen, and I moved about as much as I dared on the raft, waving my
+sorry token aloft.
+
+At last there could be no doubt about it: the boat was getting nearer
+and nearer. I could see that my rescuers were frantically waving,
+and, when they came within shouting distance, I heard some one cry
+out, "Don't get excited. Keep on the pan where you are." They were
+infinitely more excited than I. Already to me it seemed just as
+natural now to be saved as, half an hour before, it had seemed
+inevitable I should be lost, and had my rescuers only known, as I did,
+the sensation of a bath in that ice when you could not dry yourself
+afterwards, they need not have expected me to follow the example of
+the apostle Peter and throw myself into the water.
+
+As the man in the bow leaped from the boat on to my ice raft and
+grasped both my hands in his, not a word was uttered. I could see in
+his face the strong emotions he was trying hard to force back, though
+in spite of himself tears trickled down his cheeks. It was the same
+with each of the others of my rescuers, nor was there any reason to be
+ashamed of them. These were not the emblems of weak sentimentality,
+but the evidences of the realization of the deepest and noblest
+emotion of which the human heart is capable, the vision that God has
+use for us his creatures, the sense of that supreme joy of the
+Christ,--the joy of unselfish service. After the hand-shake and
+swallowing a cup of warm tea that had been thoughtfully packed in a
+bottle, we hoisted in my remaining dogs and started for home. To drive
+the boat home there were not only five Newfoundland fishermen at the
+oars, but five men with Newfoundland muscles in their backs, and five
+as brave hearts as ever beat in the bodies of human beings.
+
+So, slowly but steadily, we forged through to the shore, now jumping
+out on to larger pans and forcing them apart with the oars, now
+hauling the boat out and dragging her over, when the jam of ice packed
+tightly in by the rising wind was impossible to get through otherwise.
+
+My first question, when at last we found our tongues, was, "How ever
+did you happen to be out in the boat in this ice?" To my astonishment
+they told me that the previous night four men had been away on a long
+headland cutting out some dead harp seals that they had killed in the
+fall and left to freeze up in a rough wooden store they had built
+there, and that as they were leaving for home, my pan of ice had
+drifted out clear of Hare Island, and one of them, with his keen
+fisherman's eyes, had seen something unusual. They at once returned to
+their village, saying there was something alive drifting out to sea on
+the floe ice. But their report had been discredited, for the people
+thought that it could be only the top of some tree.
+
+All the time I had been driving along I knew that there was one man on
+that coast who had a good spy-glass. He tells me he instantly got up
+in the midst of his supper, on hearing the news, and hurried over the
+cliffs to the lookout, carrying his trusty spy-glass with him.
+Immediately, dark as it was, he saw that without any doubt there was a
+man out on the ice. Indeed, he saw me wave my hands every now and
+again towards the shore. By a very easy process of reasoning on so
+uninhabited a shore, he at once knew who it was, though some of the
+men argued that it must be some one else. Little had I thought, as
+night was closing in, that away on that snowy hilltop lay a man with a
+telescope patiently searching those miles of ice for _me_. Hastily
+they rushed back to the village and at once went down to try to launch
+a boat, but that proved to be impossible. Miles of ice lay between
+them and me, the heavy sea was hurling great blocks on the landwash,
+and night was already falling, the wind blowing hard on shore.
+
+The whole village was aroused, and messengers were despatched at once
+along the coast, and lookouts told off to all the favorable points,
+so that while I considered myself a laughing-stock, bowing with my
+flag to those unresponsive cliffs, there were really many eyes
+watching me. One man told me that with his glass he distinctly saw me
+waving the shirt flag. There was little slumber that night in the
+villages, and even the men told me there were few dry eyes, as they
+thought of the impossibility of saving me from perishing. We are not
+given to weeping overmuch on this shore, but there are tears that do a
+man honor.
+
+Before daybreak this fine volunteer crew had been gotten together. The
+boat, with such a force behind it of will power, would, I believe,
+have gone through anything. And, after seeing the heavy breakers
+through which we were guided, loaded with their heavy ice
+battering-rams, when at last we ran through the harbor-mouth with the
+boat on our return, I knew well what wives and children had been
+thinking of when they saw their loved ones put out. Only two years ago
+I remember a fisherman's wife watching her husband and three sons take
+out a boat to bring in a stranger that was showing flags for a pilot.
+But the boat and its occupants have not yet come back.
+
+Every soul in the village was on the beach as we neared the shore.
+Every soul was waiting to shake hands when I landed. Even with the
+grip that one after another gave me, some no longer trying to keep
+back the tears, I did not find out my hands were frost-burnt,--a fact
+I have not been slow to appreciate since, however. I must have been a
+weird sight as I stepped ashore, tied up in rags, stuffed out with
+oakum, wrapped in the bloody skins of dogs, with no hat, coat, or
+gloves besides, and only a pair of short knickers. It must have seemed
+to some as if it were the old man of the sea coming ashore.
+
+But no time was wasted before a pot of tea was exactly where I wanted
+it to be, and some hot stew was locating itself where I had intended
+an hour before the blood of one of my remaining dogs should have gone.
+
+Rigged out in the warm garments that fishermen wear, I started with a
+large team as hard as I could race for the hospital, for I had learnt
+that the news had gone over that I was lost. It was soon painfully
+impressed upon me that I could not much enjoy the ride, for I had to
+be hauled like a log up the hills, my feet being frost-burnt so that I
+could not walk. Had I guessed this before going into the house, I
+might have avoided much trouble.
+
+It is time to bring this egotistic narrative to an end. "Jack" lies
+curled up by my feet while I write this short account. "Brin" is once
+again leading and lording it over his fellows. "Doc" and the other
+survivors are not forgotten, now that we have again returned to the
+less romantic episodes of a mission hospital life. There stands in our
+hallway a bronze tablet to the memory of three noble dogs, Moody,
+Watch, and Spy, whose lives were given for mine on the ice. In my
+home in England my brother has placed a duplicate tablet, and has
+added these words, "Not one of them is forgotten before your Father
+which is in heaven." And this I most fully believe to be true. The boy
+whose life I was intent on saving was brought to the hospital a day or
+two later in a boat, the ice having cleared off the coast not to
+return for that season. He was operated on successfully, and is even
+now on the high road to recovery. We all love life. I was glad to be
+back once more with possibly a new lease of it before me. I had
+learned on the pan many things, but chiefly that the one cause for
+regret, when we look back on a life which we think is closed forever,
+will be the fact that we have wasted its opportunities. As I went to
+sleep that first night there still rang in my ears the same verse of
+the old hymn which had been my companion on the ice, "Thy will, not
+mine, O Lord."
+
+  [Illustration: MEMORIAL TABLET AT ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL,
+     NEWFOUNDLAND]
+
+      +----------------------------------------+
+      |            TO THE MEMORY OF            |
+      |           THREE NOBLE DOGS.            |
+      |                                        |
+      |                 MOODY.                 |
+      |                 WATCH.                 |
+      |                  SPY.                  |
+      |                                        |
+      |         WHOSE LIVES WERE GIVEN         |
+      |          FOR MINE ON THE ICE.          |
+      |                                        |
+      |           April 21st. 1908.            |
+      |                                        |
+      |           WILFRED GRENFELL,            |
+      |              ST. ANTHONY.              |
+      |                                        |
+      +----------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+One of Dr. Grenfell's volunteer helpers, Miss Luther of Providence,
+R.I., contributes the following account of the rescue as recited in
+the Newfoundland vernacular by one of the rescuing party.
+
+"One day, about a week after Dr. Grenfell's return," says Miss Luther,
+"two men came in from Griquet, fifteen miles away. They had walked all
+that distance, though the trail was heavy with soft snow and they
+often sank to their waists and waded through brooks and ponds. 'We
+just felt we must see the doctor and tell him what 't would 'a' meant
+to us, if he'd been lost.' Perhaps nothing but the doctor's own tale
+could be more graphic than what was told by George Andrews, one of the
+crew who rescued him."
+
+
+THE RESCUERS' STORY
+
+"It was wonderfu' bad weather that Monday mornin'. Th' doctor was to
+Lock's Cove. None o' we thought o' 'is startin' out. I don't think th'
+doctor hisself thought o' goin' at first an' then 'e sent th' two men
+on ahead for to meet us at th' tilt an' said like 's 'e was goin'
+after all.
+
+"'Twas even' when us knew 'e was on th' ice. George Davis seen un
+first. 'E went to th' cliff to look for seal. It was after sunset an'
+half dark, but 'e thought 'e saw somethin' on th' ice an' 'e ran for
+George Read an' 'e got 'is spy-glass an' made out a man an' dogs on a
+pan an' knowed it war th' doctor.
+
+"It was too dark fur we t' go t' un, but us never slept at all, all
+night. I couldn' sleep. Us watched th' wind an' knew if it didn' blow
+too hard us could get un,--though 'e was then three mile off a'ready.
+So us waited for th' daylight. No one said who was goin' out in th'
+boat. Un 'ud say, 'Is you goin'?' An' another, 'Is you?' I didn' say,
+but I knowed what I'd do.
+
+"As soon as 'twas light us went to th' cliff wi' th' spy-glass to see
+if us could see un, but thar warn't nothin' in sight. Us know by the
+wind whar t' look fur un, an' us launched th' boat. George Read an'
+'is two sons, an' George Davis, what seen un first, an' me, was th'
+crew. George Read was skipper-man an' th' rest was just youngsters.
+The sun was warm,--you mind 'twas a fine mornin',--an' us started in
+our shirt an' braces fur us knowed thar'd be hard work to do. I knowed
+thar was a chance o' not comin' back at all, but it didn' make no
+difference. I knowed I'd as good a chance as any, _an' 'twa' for th'
+doctor, an' 'is life's worth many_, an' somehow I couldn' let a man go
+out like dat wi'out tryin' fur un, an' I think us all felt th' same.
+
+"Us 'ad a good strong boat an' four oars, an' took a hot kettle o' tea
+an' food for a week, for us thought u'd 'ave t' go far an' p'rhaps
+lose th' boat an' 'ave t' walk ashore un th' ice. I din' 'ope to find
+the doctor alive an' kept lookin' for a sign of un on th' pans. 'Twa'
+no' easy gettin' to th' pans wi' a big sea runnin'! Th' big pans 'ud
+sometimes heave together an' near crush th' boat, an' sometimes us 'ad
+t' git out an' haul her over th' ice t' th' water again. Then us come
+t' th' slob ice where th' pan 'ad ground together, an' 'twas all
+thick, an' that was worse'n any. Us saw th' doctor about twenty
+minutes afore us got t' un. 'E was wavin' 'is flag an' I seen 'im. 'E
+was on a pan no bigger'n this flor, an' I dunno what ever kep' un fro'
+goin' abroad, for 'twasn't ice, 'twas packed snow. Th' pan was away
+from even th' slob, floatin' by hisself, an' th' open water all roun',
+an' 'twas just across fro' Goose Cove, an' outside o' that there'd
+been no hope. I think th' way th' pan held together was on account o'
+th' dogs' bodies meltin' it an' 't froze hard durin' th' night. 'E
+was level with th' water an' th' sea washin' over us all th' time.
+
+"When us got near un, it didn' seem like 'twas th' doctor. 'E looked
+so old an' 'is face such a queer color. 'E was very solemn-like when
+us took un an' th' dogs on th' boat. No un felt like sayin' much, an'
+'e 'ardly said nothin' till us gave un some tea an' loaf an' then 'e
+talked. I s'pose e was sort o' faint-like. Th' first thing 'e said
+was, how wonderfu' sorry 'e was o' gettin' into such a mess an' givin'
+we th' trouble o' comin' out for un. Us tol' un not to think o' that;
+us was glad to do it for un, an' 'e'd done it for any one o' we, many
+times over if 'e 'ad th' chance;--an' so 'e would. An' then 'e
+fretted about th' b'y 'e was goin' to see, it bein' too late to reach
+un, an' us tol' un 'is life was worth so much more 'n th' b'y, fur 'e
+could save others an' th' b'y couldn'. But 'e still fretted.
+
+"'E 'ad ripped th' dog-harnesses an' stuffed th' oakum in th' legs o'
+'is pants to keep un warm. 'E showed it to we. An' 'e cut off th' tops
+o' 'is boots to keep th' draught from 'is back. 'E must 'a' worked
+'ard all night. 'E said 'e droled off once or twice, but th' night
+seemed wonderfu' long.
+
+"Us took un off th' pan at about half-past seven, an' 'ad a 'ard fight
+gettin' in, th' sea still runnin' 'igh. 'E said 'e was proud to see us
+comin' for un, and so 'e might, for it grew wonderfu' cold in th' day
+and th' sea so 'igh the pan couldn' 'a' lived outside. 'E wouldn'
+stop when us got ashore, but must go right on, an' when 'e 'ad dry
+clothes an' was a bit warm, us sent un to St. Anthony with a team.
+
+"Th' next night, an' for nights after, I couldn' sleep. I'd keep
+seein' that man standin' on th' ice, an' I'd be sorter half-awake
+like, sayin', 'But not th' doctor. Sure _not_ th' _doctor_.'"
+
+There was silence for a few moments, and George Andrews looked out
+across the blue harbor to the sea.
+
+"'E sent us watches an' spy-glasses," said he, "an' pictures o'
+hisself that one o' you took o' un, made large an' in a frame. George
+Read an' me 'ad th' watches an' th' others 'ad th' spy-glasses. 'Ere's
+th' watch. It 'as 'In memory o' April 21st' on it, but us don't need
+th' things to make we remember it, tho' we 're wonderful glad t' 'ave
+'em from th' doctor."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+  The Riverside Press
+
+  CAMBRIDGE · MASSACHUSETTS
+
+  U.S.A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Adrift on an Ice-Pan, by Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN ***
+
+***** This file should be named 19044-8.txt or 19044-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/0/4/19044/
+
+Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse, Jessica
+Gockley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+
diff --git a/19044-8.zip b/19044-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d4a65f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-8.zip
diff --git a/19044-h.zip b/19044-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c380e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h.zip
diff --git a/19044-h/19044-h.htm b/19044-h/19044-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5872904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/19044-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,1765 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Adrift on an Ice-Pan, by Wilfred Thomason Grenfell
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
+    P {  margin-top: .5em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .5em;
+         text-indent: 1em;
+         }
+    H1   {
+         text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */
+         }
+    H5,H6 {
+         text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */
+         }
+    H2 {
+         text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* centered and coloured */
+         }
+    H3 {
+         text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* centered and coloured */
+         }
+    H4 {
+         text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */
+         }
+    HR { width: 33%;
+	margin-top: 1em;
+	margin-bottom: 1em;
+       }
+    BODY{margin-left: 20%;
+         margin-right: 20%;
+        }
+    a  {text-decoration: none} /* no lines under links */
+    div.centered {text-align: center;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 1 */
+    div.centered table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 2 */
+
+    .cen      {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} /* centering paragraphs */
+    .sc       {font-variant: small-caps; font-size: 95%;} /* small caps, normal size */
+    .fakesc   {font-size: 85%;} /* fake small caps, all caps, smaller font */
+    .hang     {text-indent: -2em;} /* hanging indents */
+    .noin     {text-indent: 0em;} /* no indenting */
+    .linenum  {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */
+    .note     {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} /* footnote */
+    .block    {margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} /* block indent */
+    .right    {text-align: right; padding-right: 2em;} /* right aligning paragraphs */
+    .totoc    {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: 75%; text-align: right;} /* Table of contents anchor */
+    .totoi    {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: 75%; text-align: right;} /* to Table of Illustrations link */
+    .img      {text-align: center; padding: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} /* centering images */
+    .sidenote {width: 20%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; font-size: smaller; float: right; clear: right;}
+    .tdr      {text-align: right;} /* right align cell */
+    .tdc      {text-align: center;} /* center align cell */
+    .tdl      {text-align: left;}  /* left align cell */
+    .tdlsc    {text-align: left; font-variant: small-caps;} /* aligning cell content and small caps */
+    .tdrsc    {text-align: right; font-variant: small-caps;} /* aligning cell content and small caps */
+    .tdcsc    {text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;} /* aligning cell content and small caps */
+    .tr       {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; margin-top: 5%; margin-bottom: 5%; padding: 1em; background-color: #f6f2f2; color: black; border: dotted black 1px;} /* transcriber's notes */
+    .ad       {margin-left: 25%; margin-right: 25%; margin-top: 5%; margin-bottom: 5%; padding: 1em; background-color: white; color: black; border: solid black 2px; white-space: nowrap;} /* book ad */
+
+    .pagenum  { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
+               /*  visibility: hidden;  */
+               position: absolute; right: 2%;
+               font-size: 75%;
+               text-align: right;
+               text-indent: 0em;
+               font-style: normal;
+               font-weight: normal;
+               font-variant: normal;
+               color: silver; background-color: inherit;} /* page numbers */
+
+    .poem             {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;}
+    .poem br          {display: none;}
+    .poem .stanza     {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+    .poem span        {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem span.i2     {display: block; margin-left: 2em;}
+    .poem span.i4     {display: block; margin-left: 4em;}
+    // -->
+    /* XML end  ]]>*/
+    </style>
+   </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Adrift on an Ice-Pan, by Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Adrift on an Ice-Pan
+
+Author: Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+Release Date: August 14, 2006 [EBook #19044]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse, Jessica
+Gockley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<div class="tr">
+<p class="cen" style="font-weight: bold;">Transcriber's Note:</p>
+<br />
+<p class="noin">The appendix contains dialect that has been carefully
+reproduced.</p>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii"></a></span><br />
+
+<div class="ad">
+<p class="cen" style="font-weight: bold;">By Wilfred T. Grenfell</p>
+
+<p class="noin">THE ADVENTURE OF LIFE.<br />
+ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<p class="cen">HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY<br />
+<span class="sc">Boston and New York</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv"></a></span>
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v"></a></span><br />
+
+<h1>ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN</h1>
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi"></a></span><br />
+
+<div class="img"><a name="frontis" id="frontis"></a>
+<a href="images/frontispiece.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/frontispiece.jpg" width="60%" alt="Wilfred Grenfell" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+<h1>ADRIFT ON AN<br />
+ICE-PAN</h1>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+<h2>WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL</h2>
+<h3>M.D. (OXON), C.M.G.</h3>
+
+<br />
+
+<h4>ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS<br />
+BY DR. GRENFELL AND OTHERS</h4>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+<div class="img">
+<img border="0" src="images/deco.png" alt="Riverside deco" />
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+
+
+<h5>BOSTON AND NEW YORK<br />
+HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY</h5>
+
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii"></a></span><br />
+
+
+<h5>COPYRIGHT 1909<br />
+BY WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL<br />
+ALL RIGHTS RESERVED<br />
+<br />
+PUBLISHED JUNE 1909</h5>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="toc" id="toc"></a><hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii"></a></span><br />
+
+
+<h3>CONTENTS</h3>
+<br />
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="80%" summary="Contents">
+  <tr>
+  <td width="80%">BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH</td>
+  <td class="tdr" width="20%"><a href="#BIOGRAPHICAL_SKETCH">ix</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ADRIFT_ON_AN_ICE-PAN">1</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>APPENDIX</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#APPENDIX">59</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="toi" id="toi"></a><hr />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix"></a></span><br />
+
+<h3>ILLUSTRATIONS</h3>
+<br />
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="80%" summary="Contents">
+  <tr>
+  <td width="90%">WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL, M.D. (OXON), C.M.G</td>
+  <td class="tdr" width="10%"><a href="#frontis"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>THE SETTLEMENT AT ST. ANTHONY</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#imagep02">2</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>ON A JOURNEY FROM ST. ANTHONY</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#imagep04">4</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>TRAVELLING ON BROKEN ICE</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#imagep08">8</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>PART OF DR. GRENFELL'S TEAM</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#imagep12">12</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>DR. GRENFELL AND JACK<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="fakesc">WITH THE JACKET MADE FROM MOCCASINS</span></td>
+  <td class="tdr" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="#imagep20">20</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>DOC</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#imagep30">30</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+  <td>MEMORIAL TABLET, ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL, NEWFOUNDLAND</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#imagep54">54</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x"></a></span><br />
+<a name="BIOGRAPHICAL_SKETCH" id="BIOGRAPHICAL_SKETCH"></a><hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span><br />
+
+<h3>BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH</h3>
+<br />
+
+<p class="sc">"Most Noble Vice-Chancellor, and You, Eminent
+Proctors:</p>
+
+<p>"A citizen of Britain is before you, once a student in this
+University, now better known to the people of the New World than to
+our own. This is the man who fifteen years ago went to the coast of
+Labrador, to succor with medical aid the solitary fishermen of the
+northern sea; in executing which service he despised the perils of the
+ocean, which are there most terrible, in order to bring comfort and
+light to the wretched and sorrowing. Thus, up to the measure of human
+ability, he seems to follow, if it is right to say it of any one, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span>in
+the footsteps of Christ Himself, as a truly Christian man. Rightly
+then we praise him by whose praise not he alone, but our University
+also is honored. I present to you Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, that he
+may be admitted to the degree of Doctor in Medicine, <span class="fakesc">HONORIS
+CAUSA</span>."</p>
+
+<p>Thus may be rendered the Latin address when, in May, 1907, for the
+first time in its history, the University of Oxford conferred the
+honorary degree in medicine. With these fitting words was presented a
+man whose simple faith has been the motive power of his works, to whom
+pain and weariness of flesh have called no stay since there was
+discouragement never, to whom personal danger has counted as nothing
+since fear is incomprehensible. "As the Lord <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span>wills, whether for wreck
+or service, I am about His business." On November 9th of the preceding
+year, the King of England gave one of his "Birthday Honors" to the
+same man, making him a Companion of St. Michael and St. George
+(C.M.G.).</p>
+
+<p>Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, second son of the Rev. Algernon Sydney
+Grenfell and Jane Georgiana Hutchinson, was born on the twenty-eighth
+day of February, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, at Mostyn House
+School, Parkgate, by Chester, England, of an ancestry which laid a
+firm foundation for his career and in surroundings which fitted him
+for it. On both sides of his inheritance have been exhibited the
+courage, patience, persistence, and fighting and teaching qualities
+which are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span> exemplified in his own abilities to command, to administer,
+and to uplift.</p>
+
+<p>On his father's side were the Grenvilles, who made good account of
+themselves in such cause as they approved, among them Basil Grenville,
+commander of the Royalist Cornish Army, killed at Lansdown in 1643 in
+defence of King Charles.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Four wheels to Charles's wain:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Grenville, Trevanion, Slanning, Godolphin slain."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>There was also Sir Richard Grenville, immortalized by Tennyson in "The
+Revenge," and John Pascoe Grenville, the right-hand man of Admiral
+Cochrane, who boarded the Spanish admiral's ship, the Esmeralda, on
+the port side, while Cochrane came up on the starboard, when together
+they made short work of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span> the capture. Nor has the strain died out, as
+is demonstrated in the present generation by many of Dr. Grenfell's
+cousins, among them General Francis Wallace Grenfell, Lord Kilvey, and
+by Dr. Grenfell himself on the Labrador in the fight against disease
+and disaster and distress along a stormy and uncharted coast.</p>
+
+<p>On his mother's side, four of her brothers were generals or colonels
+in the trying times of service in India. The eldest fought with
+distinction throughout the Indian Mutiny and in the defence of
+Lucknow, and another commanded the crack cavalry regiment, the
+"Guides," at Peshawar, and fell fighting in one of the turbulent North
+of India wars.</p>
+
+<p>Of teachers, there was Dr. Grenfell's paternal grandfather, the Rev.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span>
+Algernon Grenfell, the second of three brothers, house master at Rugby
+under Arnold, and a fine classical scholar, whose elder and younger
+brothers each felt the ancestral call of the sea and became admirals,
+with brave records of daring and success.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Grenfell's father, after a brilliant career at Rugby School and at
+Balliol College, Oxford, became assistant master at Repton, and later,
+when he married, head master of Mostyn House School, a position which
+he resigned in 1882 to become Chaplain of the London Hospital. "He was
+a man of much learning, with a keen interest in science, a remarkable
+eloquence, and a fervent evangelistic faith."</p>
+
+<p>Mostyn House School still stands, enlarged and modernized, in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span>
+charge of Dr. Grenfell's elder brother, and in it his mother is still
+the real head and controlling genius.</p>
+
+<p>Parkgate, at one time a seaport of renown, when Liverpool was still
+unimportant, and later a seaside health resort to which came the
+fashion and beauty of England, had fallen, through the silting of the
+estuary and the broadening of the "Sands of Dee," to the level of a
+hamlet in the time of Dr. Grenfell's boyhood. The broad stretch of
+seaward trending sand, with its interlacing rivulets of fresh and
+brackish water, made a tempting though treacherous playground,
+alluring alike in the varied forms of life it harbored and in the
+adventure which whetted exploration. Thither came Charles Kingsley,
+Canon of Chester, who married a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</a></span> Grenfell, and who coupled his verse
+with scientific study and made geological excursions to the river's
+mouth with the then Master of Mostyn House School. In these excursions
+the youthful Wilfred was a participant, and therein he learned some of
+his first lessons in that accuracy of observation essential to his
+later life work.</p>
+
+<p>Here in this trained, but untrammeled, boyhood, with an inherited
+incentive to labor and an educated thirst for knowledge, away from the
+thrall of crowded communities, close to the wild places of nature,
+with the sea always beckoning and a rocking boat as familiar as the
+land, it is small wonder that there grew the fashioning of the purpose
+of a man, dimly at first, conceived in a home in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[xix]</a></span> which all, both of
+tradition and of teaching, bred faith, reverence, and the sense of
+thanksgiving in usefulness.</p>
+
+<p>From the school-days at Parkgate came the step to Marlborough College,
+where three years were marked by earnest study, both in books and in
+play, for the one gained a scholarship and the other an enduring
+interest in Rugby football. Matriculating later at the University of
+London, Grenfell entered the London Hospital, and there laid not only
+the foundation of his medical education, but that of his friendship
+with Sir Frederick Treves, renowned surgeon and daring sailor and
+master mariner as well. With plenty of work to the fore, as a hospital
+interne, the ruling spirit still asserted itself, and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xx" id="Page_xx">[xx]</a></span> young
+doctor became an inspiration among the waifs of the teeming city; he
+was one of the founders of the great Lads' Brigades which have done
+much good, and fostered more, in the example that they have set for
+allied activities. Nor were the needs of his own bodily machine
+neglected; football, rowing, and the tennis court kept him in
+condition, and his athletics served to strengthen his appeals to the
+London boys whom he enrolled in the brigades. He founded the
+inter-hospital rowing club at Putney and rowed in the first
+inter-hospital race; he played on the Varsity football team, and won
+the "throwing the hammer" at the sports.</p>
+
+<p>A couple of terms at Queen's College, Oxford, followed the London
+experience, but here the conditions<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">[xxi]</a></span> were too easy and luxurious for
+one who, by both inheritance and training, had within him the
+incentive to the strenuous life. Need called, misery appealed, the
+message of life, of hope, and of salvation awaited, and the young
+doctor turned from Oxford to the medical mission work in which his
+record stands among the foremost for its effectiveness and for the
+spirituality of its purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Seeking some way in which he could satisfy his medical aspirations, as
+well as his desire for adventure and for definite Christian work, he
+appealed to Sir Frederick Treves, a member of the Council of the Royal
+National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, who suggested his joining the
+staff of the mission and establishing a medical mission to the
+fishermen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">[xxii]</a></span> of the North Sea. The conditions of the life were onerous,
+the existing traffic in spirituous liquors and in all other
+demoralizing influences had to be fought step by step, prejudice and
+evil habit had to be overcome and to be replaced by better knowledge
+and better desire, there was room for both fighting and teaching, and
+the medical mission won its way. "When you set out to commend your
+gospel to men who don't want it, there's only one way to go about
+it,&mdash;to do something for them that they'll be sure to understand. The
+message of love that was 'made flesh and dwelt amongst men' must be
+reincarnate in our lives if it is to be received to-day." Thus came
+about the outfitting of the Albert hospital-ship to carry the message
+and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[xxiii]</a></span> help, by cruising among the fleets on the fishing-grounds,
+and the organization of the Deep Sea Mission; when this work was done,
+"when the fight had gone out of it," Dr. Grenfell looked for another
+field, for yet another need, and found it on that barren and
+inhospitable coast the Labrador, whose only harvest field is the sea.</p>
+
+<p>Six hundred miles of almost barren rock with outlying uncharted
+ledges,&mdash;worn smooth by ice, else still more vessels would have found
+wreckage there; a scant, constant population of hardy fishermen and
+their families, pious and God-fearing, most of them, but largely at
+the mercy of the local traders, who took their pay in fish for the
+bare necessities of living, with a large account<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[xxiv]</a></span> always on the
+trader's side; with such medical aid and ministration as came only
+occasionally, by the infrequent mail boat, and not at all in the long
+winter months when the coast was firm beset with ice,&mdash;to such a place
+came Dr. Grenfell in 1892 to cast in his lot with its inhabitants, to
+live there so long as he should, to die there were it God's will.</p>
+
+<p>As it stands to-day the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, which Dr.
+Grenfell represents, administers, and animates on the Labrador coast,
+not only brings hope, new courage, and spiritual comfort to an
+isolated people in a desolate land, but cares for the sick and
+injured, in its four hospitals and dispensary, provides house
+visitation by means of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxv" id="Page_xxv">[xxv]</a></span> dog-sledge journeys covering hundreds of miles
+in a year, teaches wholesome and righteous living, conducts
+co&ouml;perative stores, provides for orphans and for families bereft of
+the bread-winners by accidents of the sea, encourages thrift, and
+administers justice, and adds to the wage-earning capacity and
+therefore food-obtaining power by operating a sawmill, a
+schooner-building yard, and other productive industries.</p>
+
+<p>To accomplish this, to make of the scattered settlements a united and
+independent people, to safeguard their future by such measures as the
+establishment of a Seamen's Institute at St. John's, Newfoundland, and
+the insurance of communication with the outside world, and to raise,
+by personal solicitation, the money<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvi" id="Page_xxvi">[xxvi]</a></span> needed for these enterprises,
+requires an unusual personality. Faith, courage, insight, foresight,
+the power to win, and the ability to command,&mdash;all of these and more
+of like qualities are embodied and portrayed in Dr. Grenfell.</p>
+
+<p class="right"><span class="sc">Clarence John Blake</span>.</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<a name="ADRIFT_ON_AN_ICE-PAN" id="ADRIFT_ON_AN_ICE-PAN"></a><hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span><br />
+
+<h3>ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN</h3>
+<br />
+
+<p>It was Easter Sunday at St. Anthony in the year 1908, but with us in
+northern Newfoundland still winter. Everything was covered with snow
+and ice. I was walking back after morning service, when a boy came
+running over from the hospital with the news that a large team of dogs
+had come from sixty miles to the southward, to get a doctor on a very
+urgent case. It was that of a young man on whom we had operated about
+a fortnight before for an acute bone disease in the thigh. The people
+had allowed the wound to close, the poisoned matter had accumulated,
+and we thought we should have to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> remove the leg. There was obviously,
+therefore, no time to be lost. So, having packed up the necessary
+instruments, dressings, and drugs, and having fitted out the
+dog-sleigh with my best dogs, I started at once, the messengers
+following me with their team.</p>
+
+<p>My team was an especially good one. On many a long journey they had
+stood by me and pulled me out of difficulties by their sagacity and
+endurance. To a lover of his dogs, as every Christian man must be,
+each one had become almost as precious as a child to its mother. They
+were beautiful beasts: "Brin," the cleverest leader on the coast;
+"Doc," a large, gentle beast, the backbone of the team for power;
+"Spy," a wiry, powerful black and white dog;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> "Moody," a lop-eared
+black-and-tan, in his third season, a plodder that never looked behind
+him; "Watch," the youngster of the team, long-legged and speedy, with
+great liquid eyes and a Gordon-setter coat; "Sue," a large, dark
+Eskimo, the image of a great black wolf, with her sharp-pointed and
+perpendicular ears, for she "harked back" to her wild ancestry;
+"Jerry," a large roan-colored slut, the quickest of all my dogs on her
+feet, and so affectionate that her overtures of joy had often sent me
+sprawling on my back; "Jack," a jet-black, gentle-natured dog, more
+like a retriever, that always ran next the sledge, and never looked
+back but everlastingly pulled straight ahead, running always with his
+nose to the ground.</p>
+
+<div class="img"><a name="imagep02" id="imagep02"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep02.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep02.jpg" width="100%" alt="THE SETTLEMENT AT ST. ANTHONY" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">THE SETTLEMENT AT ST. ANTHONY<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">ToList</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>It was late in April, when there is always the risk of getting wet
+through the ice, so that I was carefully prepared with spare outfit,
+which included a change of garments, snow-shoes, rifle, compass, axe,
+and oilskin overclothes. The messengers were anxious that their team
+should travel back with mine, for they were slow at best and needed a
+lead. My dogs, however, being a powerful team, could not be held back,
+and though I managed to wait twice for their sleigh, I had reached a
+village about twenty miles on the journey before nightfall, and had
+fed the dogs, and was gathering a few people for prayers when they
+caught me up.</p>
+
+<p>During the night the wind shifted to the northeast, which brought in
+fog and rain, softened the snow, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> made travelling very bad,
+besides heaving a heavy sea into the bay. Our drive next morning would
+be somewhat over forty miles, the first ten miles on an arm of the
+sea, on salt-water ice.</p>
+
+<div class="img"><a name="imagep04" id="imagep04"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep04.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep04.jpg" width="68%" alt="ON A JOURNEY" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">ON A JOURNEY<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">ToList</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In order not to be separated too long from my friends, I sent them
+ahead two hours before me, appointing a rendezvous in a log tilt that
+we have built in the woods as a halfway house. There is no one living
+on all that long coast-line, and to provide against accidents&mdash;which
+have happened more than once&mdash;we built this hut to keep dry clothing,
+food, and drugs in.</p>
+
+<p>The first rain of the year was falling when I started, and I was
+obliged to keep on what we call the "ballicaters," or ice barricades,
+much farther<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> up the bay than I had expected. The sea of the night
+before had smashed the ponderous covering of ice right to the
+landwash. There were great gaping chasms between the enormous blocks,
+which we call pans, and half a mile out it was all clear water.</p>
+
+<p>An island three miles out had preserved a bridge of ice, however, and
+by crossing a few cracks I managed to reach it. From the island it was
+four miles across to a rocky promontory,&mdash;a course that would be
+several miles shorter than going round the shore. Here as far as the
+eye could reach the ice seemed good, though it was very rough.
+Obviously, it had been smashed up by the sea and then packed in again
+by the strong wind from the northeast, and I thought it had frozen
+together solid.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>All went well till I was about a quarter of a mile from the
+landing-point. Then the wind suddenly fell, and I noticed that I was
+travelling over loose "sish," which was like porridge and probably
+many feet deep. By stabbing down, I could drive my whip-handle through
+the thin coating of young ice that was floating on it. The sish ice
+consists of the tiny fragments where the large pans have been pounding
+together on the heaving sea, like the stones of Freya's grinding mill.</p>
+
+<p>So quickly did the wind now come off shore, and so quickly did the
+packed "slob," relieved of the wind pressure, "run abroad," that
+already I could not see one pan larger than ten feet square; moreover,
+the ice was loosening so rapidly that I saw<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> that retreat was
+absolutely impossible. Neither was there any way to get off the little
+pan I was surveying from.</p>
+
+<p>There was not a moment to lose. I tore off my oilskins, threw myself
+on my hands and knees by the side of the komatik to give a larger base
+to hold, and shouted to my team to go ahead for the shore. Before we
+had gone twenty yards, the dogs got frightened, hesitated for a
+moment, and the komatik instantly sank into the slob. It was necessary
+then for the dogs to pull much harder, so that they now began to sink
+in also.</p>
+
+<p>Earlier in the season the father of the very boy I was going to
+operate on had been drowned in this same way, his dogs tangling their
+traces around him in the slob. This flashed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> into my mind, and I
+managed to loosen my sheath-knife, scramble forward, find the traces
+in the water, and cut them, holding on to the leader's trace wound
+round my wrist.</p>
+
+<div class="img"><a name="imagep08" id="imagep08"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep08.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep08.jpg" width="100%" alt="TRAVELLING ON BROKEN ICE" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">TRAVELLING ON BROKEN ICE<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">ToList</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Being in the water I could see no piece of ice that would bear
+anything up. But there was as it happened a piece of snow, frozen
+together like a large snowball, about twenty-five yards away, near
+where my leading dog, "Brin," was wallowing in the slob. Upon this he
+very shortly climbed, his long trace of ten fathoms almost reaching
+there before he went into the water.</p>
+
+<p>This dog has weird black markings on his face, giving him the
+appearance of wearing a perpetual grin. After climbing out on the snow
+as if it were the most natural position in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> the world he deliberately
+shook the ice and water from his long coat, and then turned round to
+look for me. As he sat perched up there out of the water he seemed to
+be grinning with satisfaction. The other dogs were hopelessly bogged.
+Indeed, we were like flies in treacle.</p>
+
+<p>Gradually, I hauled myself along the line that was still tied to my
+wrist, till without any warning the dog turned round and slipped out
+of his harness, and then once more turned his grinning face to where I
+was struggling.</p>
+
+<p>It was impossible to make any progress through the sish ice by
+swimming, so I lay there and thought all would soon be over, only
+wondering if any one would ever know how it happened. There was no<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>
+particular horror attached to it, and in fact I began to feel drowsy,
+as if I could easily go to sleep, when suddenly I saw the trace of
+another big dog that had himself gone through before he reached the
+pan, and though he was close to it was quite unable to force his way
+out. Along this I hauled myself, using him as a bow anchor, but much
+bothered by the other dogs as I passed them, one of which got on my
+shoulder, pushing me farther down into the ice. There was only a yard
+or so more when I had passed my living anchor, and soon I lay with my
+dogs around me on the little piece of slob ice. I had to help them on
+to it, working them through the lane that I had made.</p>
+
+<div class="img"><a name="imagep12" id="imagep12"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep12.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep12.jpg" width="100%" alt="PART OF DR. GRENFELL'S TEAM" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">PART OF DR. GRENFELL'S TEAM<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">ToList</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The piece of ice we were on was so small it was obvious we must soon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>
+all be drowned, if we remained upon it as it drifted seaward into more
+open water. If we were to save our lives, no time was to be lost. When
+I stood up, I could see about twenty yards away a larger pan floating
+amidst the sish, like a great flat raft, and if we could get on to it
+we should postpone at least for a time the death that already seemed
+almost inevitable. It was impossible to reach it without a life line,
+as I had already learned to my cost, and the next problem was how to
+get one there. Marvellous to relate, when I had first fallen through,
+after I had cut the dogs adrift without any hope left of saving
+myself, I had not let my knife sink, but had fastened it by two half
+hitches to the back of one of the dogs. To my great joy there it was
+still, and shortly I was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> at work cutting all the sealskin traces
+still hanging from the dogs' harnesses, and splicing them together
+into one long line. These I divided and fastened to the backs of my
+two leaders, tying the near ends round my two wrists. I then pointed
+out to "Brin" the pan I wanted to reach and tried my best to make them
+go ahead, giving them the full length of my lines from two coils. My
+long sealskin moccasins, reaching to my thigh, were full of ice and
+water. These I took off and tied separately on the dogs' backs. My
+coat, hat, gloves, and overalls I had already lost. At first, nothing
+would induce the two dogs to move, and though I threw them off the pan
+two or three times, they struggled back upon it, which perhaps was
+only natural,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> because as soon as they fell through they could see
+nowhere else to make for. To me, however, this seemed to spell "the
+end." Fortunately, I had with me a small black spaniel, almost a
+featherweight, with large furry paws, called "Jack," who acts as my
+mascot and incidentally as my retriever. This at once flashed into my
+mind, and I felt I had still one more chance for life. So I spoke to
+him and showed him the direction, and then threw a piece of ice toward
+the desired goal. Without a moment's hesitation he made a dash for it,
+and to my great joy got there safely, the tough scale of sea ice
+carrying his weight bravely. At once I shouted to him to "lie down,"
+and this, too, he immediately did, looking like a little black fuzz
+ball on the white setting.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> My leaders could now see him seated there
+on the new piece of floe, and when once more I threw them off they
+understood what I wanted, and fought their way to where they saw the
+spaniel, carrying with them the line that gave me the one chance for
+my life. The other dogs followed them, and after painful struggling,
+all got out again except one. Taking all the run that I could get on
+my little pan, I made a dive, slithering with the impetus along the
+surface till once more I sank through. After a long fight, however, I
+was able to haul myself by the long traces on to this new pan, having
+taken care beforehand to tie the harnesses to which I was holding
+under the dogs' bellies, so that they could not slip them off. But
+alas! the pan I was now<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> on was not large enough to bear us and was
+already beginning to sink, so this process had to be repeated
+immediately.</p>
+
+<p>I now realized that, though we had been working toward the shore, we
+had been losing ground all the time, for the off-shore wind had
+already driven us a hundred yards farther out. But the widening gap
+kept full of the pounded ice, through which no man could possibly go.</p>
+
+<p>I had decided I would rather stake my chances on a long swim even than
+perish by inches on the floe, as there was no likelihood whatever of
+being seen and rescued. But, keenly though I watched, not a streak
+even of clear water appeared, the interminable sish rising from below
+and filling every gap as it appeared. We were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> now resting on a piece
+of ice about ten by twelve feet, which, as I found when I came to
+examine it, was not ice at all, but simply snow-covered slob frozen
+into a mass, and I feared it would very soon break up in the general
+turmoil of the heavy sea, which was increasing as the ice drove off
+shore before the wind.</p>
+
+<p>At first we drifted in the direction of a rocky point on which a heavy
+surf was breaking. Here I thought once again to swim ashore. But
+suddenly we struck a rock. A large piece broke off the already small
+pan, and what was left swung round in the backwash, and started right
+out to sea.</p>
+
+<p>There was nothing for it now but to hope for a rescue. Alas! there was
+little possibility of being seen. As I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> have already mentioned, no one
+lives around this big bay. My only hope was that the other komatik,
+knowing I was alone and had failed to keep my tryst, would perhaps
+come back to look for me. This, however, as it proved, they did not
+do.</p>
+
+<p>The westerly wind was rising all the time, our coldest wind at this
+time of the year, coming as it does over the Gulf ice. It was
+tantalizing, as I stood with next to nothing on, the wind going
+through me and every stitch soaked in ice-water, to see my
+well-stocked komatik some fifty yards away. It was still above water,
+with food, hot tea in a thermos bottle, dry clothing, matches, wood,
+and everything on it for making a fire to attract attention.</p>
+
+<p>It is easy to see a dark object on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> the ice in the daytime, for the
+gorgeous whiteness shows off the least thing. But the tops of bushes
+and large pieces of kelp have often deceived those looking out.
+Moreover, within our memory no man has been thus adrift on the bay
+ice. The chances were about one in a thousand that I should be seen at
+all, and if I were seen, I should probably be mistaken for some piece
+of refuse.</p>
+
+<p>To keep from freezing, I cut off my long moccasins down to the feet,
+strung out some line, split the legs, and made a kind of jacket, which
+protected my back from the wind down as far as the waist. I have this
+jacket still, and my friends assure me it would make a good Sunday
+garment.</p>
+
+<p>I had not drifted more than half<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> a mile before I saw my poor komatik
+disappear through the ice, which was every minute loosening up into
+the small pans that it consisted of, and it seemed like a friend gone
+and one more tie with home and safety lost. To the northward, about a
+mile distant, lay the mainland along which I had passed so merrily in
+the morning,&mdash;only, it seemed, a few moments before.</p>
+
+<p>By mid-day I had passed the island to which I had crossed on the ice
+bridge. I could see that the bridge was gone now. If I could reach the
+island I should only be marooned and destined to die of starvation.
+But there was little chance of that, for I was rapidly driving into
+the ever widening bay.</p>
+
+<div class="img"><a name="imagep20" id="imagep20"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep20.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep20.jpg" width="65%" alt="DR. GRENFELL AND JACK" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">DR. GRENFELL AND JACK<br /><span class="fakesc">WITH THE JACKET MADE FROM MOCCASINS</span><span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">ToList</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It was scarcely safe to move on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> my small ice raft, for fear of
+breaking it. Yet I saw I must have the skins of some of my dogs,&mdash;of
+which I had eight on the pan,&mdash;if I was to live the night out. There
+was now some three to five miles between me and the north side of the
+bay. There, immense pans of Arctic ice, surging to and fro on the
+heavy ground seas, were thundering into the cliffs like medieval
+battering-rams. It was evident that, even if seen, I could hope for no
+help from that quarter before night. No boat could live through the
+surf.</p>
+
+<p>Unwinding the sealskin traces from my waist, round which I had wound
+them to keep the dogs from eating them, I made a slip-knot, passed it
+over the first dog's head, tied it round my foot close to his neck,
+threw him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> on his back, and stabbed him in the heart. Poor beast! I
+loved him like a friend,&mdash;a beautiful dog,&mdash;but we could not all hope
+to live. In fact, I had no hope any of us would, at that time, but it
+seemed better to die fighting.</p>
+
+<p>In spite of my care the struggling dog bit me rather badly in the leg.
+I suppose my numb hands prevented my holding his throat as I could
+ordinarily do. Moreover, I must hold the knife in the wound to the
+end, as blood on the fur would freeze solid and make the skin useless.
+In this way I sacrificed two more large dogs, receiving only one more
+bite, though I fully expected that the pan I was on would break up in
+the struggle. The other dogs, who were licking their coats and trying
+to get dry,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> apparently took no notice of the fate of their
+comrades,&mdash;but I was very careful to prevent the dying dogs crying
+out, for the noise of fighting would probably have been followed by
+the rest attacking the down dog, and that was too close to me to be
+pleasant. A short shrift seemed to me better than a long one, and I
+envied the dead dogs whose troubles were over so quickly. Indeed, I
+came to balance in my mind whether, if once I passed into the open
+sea, it would not be better by far to use my faithful knife on myself
+than to die by inches. There seemed no hardship in the thought. I
+seemed fully to sympathize with the Japanese view of hara-kiri.</p>
+
+<p>Working, however, saved me from philosophizing. By the time I had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>
+skinned these dogs, and with my knife and some of the harness had
+strung the skins together, I was ten miles on my way, and it was
+getting dark.</p>
+
+<p>Away to the northward I could see a single light in the little village
+where I had slept the night before, where I had received the kindly
+hospitality of the simple fishermen in whose comfortable homes I have
+spent many a night. I could not help but think of them sitting down to
+tea, with no idea that there was any one watching them, for I had told
+them not to expect me back for three days.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile I had frayed out a small piece of rope into oakum, and mixed
+it with fat from the intestines of my dogs. Alas, my match-box, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+was always chained to me, had leaked, and my matches were in pulp. Had
+I been able to make a light, it would have looked so unearthly out
+there on the sea that I felt sure they would see me. But that chance
+was now cut off. However, I kept the matches, hoping that I might dry
+them if I lived through the night. While working at the dogs, about
+every five minutes I would stand up and wave my hands toward the land.
+I had no flag, and I could not spare my shirt, for, wet as it was, it
+was better than nothing in that freezing wind, and, anyhow, it was
+already nearly dark.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, the coves in among the cliffs are so placed that only
+for a very narrow space can the people in any house see the sea.
+Indeed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> most of them cannot see it at all, so that I could not in the
+least expect any one to see me, even supposing it had been daylight.</p>
+
+<p>Not daring to take any snow from the surface of my pan to break the
+wind with, I piled up the carcasses of my dogs. With my skin rug I
+could now sit down without getting soaked. During these hours I had
+continually taken off all my clothes, wrung them out, swung them one
+by one in the wind, and put on first one and then the other inside,
+hoping that what heat there was in my body would thus serve to dry
+them. In this I had been fairly successful.</p>
+
+<p>My feet gave me most trouble, for they immediately got wet again
+because my thin moccasins were easily soaked through on the snow. I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>
+suddenly thought of the way in which the Lapps who tend our reindeer
+manage for dry socks. They carry grass with them, which they ravel up
+and pad into their shoes. Into this they put their feet, and then pack
+the rest with more grass, tying up the top with a binder. The ropes of
+the harness for our dogs are carefully sewed all over with two layers
+of flannel in order to make them soft against the dogs' sides. So, as
+soon as I could sit down, I started with my trusty knife to rip up the
+flannel. Though my fingers were more or less frozen, I was able also
+to ravel out the rope, put it into my shoes, and use my wet socks
+inside my knickerbockers, where, though damp, they served to break the
+wind. Then, tying the narrow strips of flannel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> together, I bound up
+the top of the moccasins, Lapp-fashion, and carried the bandage on up
+over my knee, making a ragged though most excellent puttee.</p>
+
+<p>As to the garments I wore, I had opened recently a box of football
+clothes I had not seen for twenty years. I had found my old Oxford
+University football running shorts and a pair of Richmond Football
+Club red, yellow, and black stockings, exactly as I wore them twenty
+years ago. These with a flannel shirt and sweater vest were now all I
+had left. Coat, hat, gloves, oilskins, everything else, were gone, and
+I stood there in that odd costume, exactly as I stood twenty years ago
+on a football field, reminding me of the little girl of a friend, who,
+when told she was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> dying, asked to be dressed in her Sunday frock to
+go to heaven in. My costume, being very light, dried all the quicker,
+until afternoon. Then nothing would dry anymore, everything freezing
+stiff. It had been an ideal costume to struggle through the slob ice.
+I really believe the conventional garments missionaries are supposed
+to affect would have been fatal.</p>
+
+<p>My occupation till what seemed like midnight was unravelling rope, and
+with this I padded out my knickers inside, and my shirt as well,
+though it was a clumsy job, for I could not see what I was doing. Now,
+getting my largest dog, Doc, as big as a wolf and weighing ninety-two
+pounds, I made him lie down, so that I could cuddle round him. I then<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>
+wrapped the three skins around me, arranging them so that I could lie
+on one edge, while the other came just over my shoulders and head.</p>
+
+<p>My own breath collecting inside the newly flayed skin must have had a
+soporific effect, for I was soon fast asleep. One hand I had kept warm
+against the curled up dog, but the other, being gloveless, had frozen,
+and I suddenly awoke, shivering enough, I thought, to break my fragile
+pan. What I took at first to be the sun was just rising, but I soon
+found it was the moon, and then I knew it was about half-past twelve.
+The dog was having an excellent time. He hadn't been cuddled so warm
+all winter, and he resented my moving with low growls till he found it
+wasn't another dog.</p>
+
+<div class="img"><a name="imagep30" id="imagep30"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep30.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep30.jpg" width="65%" alt="DOC" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">DOC<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">ToList</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The wind was steadily driving me now toward the open sea, and I could
+expect, short of a miracle, nothing but death out there. Somehow, one
+scarcely felt justified in praying for a miracle. But we have learned
+down here to pray for things we want, and, anyhow, just at that moment
+the miracle occurred. The wind fell off suddenly, and came with a
+light air from the southward, and then dropped stark calm. The ice was
+now "all abroad," which I was sorry for, for there was a big safe pan
+not twenty yards away from me. If I could have got on that, I might
+have killed my other dogs when the time came, and with their coats I
+could hope to hold out for two or three days more, and with the food
+and drink their bodies would offer<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> me need not at least die of hunger
+or thirst. To tell the truth, they were so big and strong I was half
+afraid to tackle them with only a sheath-knife on my small and
+unstable raft.</p>
+
+<p>But it was now freezing hard. I knew the calm water between us would
+form into cakes, and I had to recognize that the chance of getting
+near enough to escape on to it was gone. If, on the other hand, the
+whole bay froze solid again I had yet another possible chance. For my
+pan would hold together longer and I should be opposite another
+village, called Goose Cove, at daylight, and might possibly be seen
+from there. I knew that the komatiks there would be starting at
+daybreak over the hills for a parade of Orangemen about twenty miles
+away. Possibly,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> therefore, I might be seen as they climbed the hills.
+So I lay down, and went to sleep again.</p>
+
+<p>It seems impossible to say how long one sleeps, but I woke with a
+sudden thought in my mind that I must have a flag; but again I had no
+pole and no flag. However, I set to work in the dark to disarticulate
+the legs of my dead dogs, which were now frozen stiff, and which were
+all that offered a chance of carrying anything like a distress signal.
+Cold as it was, I determined to sacrifice my shirt for that purpose
+with the first streak of daylight.</p>
+
+<p>It took a long time in the dark to get the legs off, and when I had
+patiently marled them together with old harness rope and the remains
+of the skin traces, it was the heaviest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> and crookedest flag-pole it
+has ever been my lot to see. I had had no food from six o'clock the
+morning before, when I had eaten porridge and bread and butter. I had,
+however, a rubber band which I had been wearing instead of one of my
+garters, and I chewed that for twenty-four hours. It saved me from
+thirst and hunger, oddly enough. It was not possible to get a drink
+from my pan, for it was far too salty. But anyhow that thought did not
+distress me much, for as from time to time I heard the cracking and
+grinding of the newly formed slob, it seemed that my devoted boat must
+inevitably soon go to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>At last the sun rose, and the time came for the sacrifice of my shirt.
+So I stripped, and, much to my surprise,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> found it not half so cold as
+I had anticipated. I now re-formed my dog-skins with the raw side out,
+so that they made a kind of coat quite rivalling Joseph's. But, with
+the rising of the sun, the frost came out of the joints of my dogs'
+legs, and the friction caused by waving it made my flag-pole almost
+tie itself in knots. Still, I could raise it three or four feet above
+my head, which was very important.</p>
+
+<p>Now, however, I found that instead of being as far out at sea as I had
+reckoned, I had drifted back in a northwesterly direction, and was off
+some cliffs known as Ireland Head. Near these there was a little
+village looking seaward, whence I should certainly have been seen.
+But, as I had myself, earlier in the winter, been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> night-bound at this
+place, I had learnt there was not a single soul living there at all
+this winter. The people had all, as usual, migrated to the winter
+houses up the bay, where they get together for schooling and social
+purposes.</p>
+
+<p>I soon found it was impossible to keep waving so heavy a flag all the
+time, and yet I dared not sit down, for that might be the exact moment
+some one would be in a position to see me from the hills. The only
+thing in my mind was how long I could stand up and how long go on
+waving that pole at the cliffs. Once or twice I thought I saw men
+against their snowy faces, which, I judged, were about five and a half
+miles from me, but they were only trees. Once, also, I thought I saw a
+boat approaching.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> A glittering object kept appearing and disappearing
+on the water, but it was only a small piece of ice sparkling in the
+sun as it rose on the surface. I think that the rocking of my cradle
+up and down on the waves had helped me to sleep, for I felt as well as
+ever I did in my life; and with the hope of a long sunny day, I felt
+sure I was good to last another twenty-four hours,&mdash;if my boat would
+hold out and not rot under the sun's rays.</p>
+
+<p>Each time I sat down to rest, my big dog "Doc" came and kissed my face
+and then walked to the edge of the ice-pan, returning again to where I
+was huddled up, as if to say, "Why don't you come along? Surely it is
+time to start." The other dogs also were now moving about very
+restlessly, occasionally trying to satisfy<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> their hunger by gnawing at
+the dead bodies of their brothers.</p>
+
+<p>I determined, at mid-day, to kill a big Eskimo dog and drink his
+blood, as I had read only a few days before in "Farthest North" of Dr.
+Nansen's doing,&mdash;that is, if I survived the battle with him. I could
+not help feeling, even then, my ludicrous position, and I thought, if
+ever I got ashore again, I should have to laugh at myself standing
+hour after hour waving my shirt at those lofty cliffs, which seemed to
+assume a kind of sardonic grin, so that I could almost imagine they
+were laughing at me. At times I could not help thinking of the good
+breakfast that my colleagues were enjoying at the back of those same
+cliffs, and of the snug fire and the comfortable room which we call
+our study.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>I can honestly say that from first to last not a single sensation of
+fear entered my mind, even when I was struggling in the slob ice.
+Somehow it did not seem unnatural; I had been through the ice half a
+dozen times before. For the most part I felt very sleepy, and the idea
+was then very strong in my mind that I should soon reach the solution
+of the mysteries that I had been preaching about for so many years.</p>
+
+<p>Only the previous night (Easter Sunday) at prayers in the cottage, we
+had been discussing the fact that the soul was entirely separate from
+the body, that Christ's idea of the body as the temple in which the
+soul dwells is so amply borne out by modern science. We had talked of
+thoughts from that admirable book,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> "Brain and Personality," by Dr.
+Thompson of New York, and also of the same subject in the light of a
+recent operation performed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital by Dr. Harvey
+Cushing. The doctor had removed from a man's brain two large cystic
+tumors without giving the man an an&aelig;sthetic, and the patient had kept
+up a running conversation with him all the while the doctor's fingers
+were working in his brain. It had seemed such a striking proof that
+ourselves and our bodies are two absolutely different things.</p>
+
+<p>Our eternal life has always been with me a matter of faith. It seems
+to me one of those problems that must always be a mystery to
+knowledge. But my own faith in this matter had been so untroubled that
+it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> seemed now almost natural to be leaving through this portal of
+death from an ice pan. In many ways, also, I could see how a death of
+this kind might be of value to the particular work that I am engaged
+in. Except for my friends, I had nothing I could think of to regret
+whatever. Certainly, I should like to have told them the story. But
+then one does not carry folios of paper in running shorts which have
+no pockets, and all my writing gear had gone by the board with the
+komatik.</p>
+
+<p>I could still see a testimonial to myself some distance away in my
+khaki overalls, which I had left on another pan in the struggle of the
+night before. They seemed a kind of company, and would possibly be
+picked up and suggest the true story.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> Running through my head all the
+time, quite unbidden, were the words of the old hymn:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"My God, my Father, while I stray<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Far from my home on life's dark way,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh, teach me from my heart to say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Thy will be done!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="noin">It is a hymn we hardly ever sing out here, and it was an unconscious
+memory of my boyhood days.</p>
+
+<p>It was a perfect morning,&mdash;a cobalt sky, an ultramarine sea, a golden
+sun, an almost wasteful extravagance of crimson over hills of purest
+snow, which caught a reflected glow from rock and crag. Between me and
+the hills lay miles of rough ice and long veins of thin black slob
+that had formed during the night. For the foreground there was my
+poor, gruesome pan, bobbing up and down on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> the edge of the open sea,
+stained with blood, and littered with carcasses and d&eacute;bris. It was
+smaller than last night, and I noticed also that the new ice from the
+water melted under the dogs' bodies had been formed at the expense of
+its thickness. Five dogs, myself in colored football costume, and a
+bloody dogskin cloak, with a gay flannel shirt on a pole of frozen
+dogs' legs, completed the picture. The sun was almost hot by now, and
+I was conscious of a surplus of heat in my skin coat. I began to look
+longingly at one of my remaining dogs, for an appetite will rise even
+on an ice-pan, and that made me think of fire. So once again I
+inspected my matches. Alas! the heads were in paste, all but three or
+four blue-top wax ones.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>These I now laid out to dry, while I searched about on my snow-pan to
+see if I could get a piece of transparent ice to make a burning-glass.
+For I was pretty sure that with all the unravelled tow I had stuffed
+into my leggings, and with the fat of my dogs, I could make smoke
+enough to be seen if only I could get a light. I had found a piece
+which I thought would do, and had gone back to wave my flag, which I
+did every two minutes, when I suddenly thought I saw again the glitter
+of an oar. It did not seem possible, however, for it must be
+remembered it was not water which lay between me and the land, but
+slob ice, which a mile or two inside me was very heavy. Even if people
+had seen me, I did not think they could get through, though I knew<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+that the whole shore would then be trying. Moreover, there was no
+smoke rising on the land to give me hope that I had been seen. There
+had been no gun-flashes in the night, and I felt sure that, had any
+one seen me, there would have been a bonfire on every hill to
+encourage me to keep going.</p>
+
+<p>So I gave it up, and went on with my work. But the next time I went
+back to my flag, the glitter seemed very distinct, and though it kept
+disappearing as it rose and fell on the surface, I kept my eyes
+strained upon it, for my dark spectacles had been lost, and I was
+partly snowblind.</p>
+
+<p>I waved my flag as high as I could raise it, broadside on. At last,
+beside the glint of the white oar, I made out the black streak of the
+hull. I knew<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> that, if the pan held on for another hour, I should be
+all right.</p>
+
+<p>With that strange perversity of the human intellect, the first thing I
+thought of was what trophies I could carry with my luggage from the
+pan, and I pictured the dog-bone flagstaff adorning my study. (The
+dogs actually ate it afterwards.) I thought of preserving my ragged
+puttees with our collection of curiosities. I lost no time now at the
+burning-glass. My whole mind was devoted to making sure I should be
+seen, and I moved about as much as I dared on the raft, waving my
+sorry token aloft.</p>
+
+<p>At last there could be no doubt about it: the boat was getting nearer
+and nearer. I could see that my rescuers were frantically waving,
+and,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> when they came within shouting distance, I heard some one cry
+out, "Don't get excited. Keep on the pan where you are." They were
+infinitely more excited than I. Already to me it seemed just as
+natural now to be saved as, half an hour before, it had seemed
+inevitable I should be lost, and had my rescuers only known, as I did,
+the sensation of a bath in that ice when you could not dry yourself
+afterwards, they need not have expected me to follow the example of
+the apostle Peter and throw myself into the water.</p>
+
+<p>As the man in the bow leaped from the boat on to my ice raft and
+grasped both my hands in his, not a word was uttered. I could see in
+his face the strong emotions he was trying hard to force back, though
+in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> spite of himself tears trickled down his cheeks. It was the same
+with each of the others of my rescuers, nor was there any reason to be
+ashamed of them. These were not the emblems of weak sentimentality,
+but the evidences of the realization of the deepest and noblest
+emotion of which the human heart is capable, the vision that God has
+use for us his creatures, the sense of that supreme joy of the
+Christ,&mdash;the joy of unselfish service. After the hand-shake and
+swallowing a cup of warm tea that had been thoughtfully packed in a
+bottle, we hoisted in my remaining dogs and started for home. To drive
+the boat home there were not only five Newfoundland fishermen at the
+oars, but five men with Newfoundland muscles in their backs, and five
+as brave hearts<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> as ever beat in the bodies of human beings.</p>
+
+<p>So, slowly but steadily, we forged through to the shore, now jumping
+out on to larger pans and forcing them apart with the oars, now
+hauling the boat out and dragging her over, when the jam of ice packed
+tightly in by the rising wind was impossible to get through otherwise.</p>
+
+<p>My first question, when at last we found our tongues, was, "How ever
+did you happen to be out in the boat in this ice?" To my astonishment
+they told me that the previous night four men had been away on a long
+headland cutting out some dead harp seals that they had killed in the
+fall and left to freeze up in a rough wooden store they had built
+there, and that as they were leaving for home, my pan<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> of ice had
+drifted out clear of Hare Island, and one of them, with his keen
+fisherman's eyes, had seen something unusual. They at once returned to
+their village, saying there was something alive drifting out to sea on
+the floe ice. But their report had been discredited, for the people
+thought that it could be only the top of some tree.</p>
+
+<p>All the time I had been driving along I knew that there was one man on
+that coast who had a good spy-glass. He tells me he instantly got up
+in the midst of his supper, on hearing the news, and hurried over the
+cliffs to the lookout, carrying his trusty spy-glass with him.
+Immediately, dark as it was, he saw that without any doubt there was a
+man out on the ice. Indeed, he saw me<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> wave my hands every now and
+again towards the shore. By a very easy process of reasoning on so
+uninhabited a shore, he at once knew who it was, though some of the
+men argued that it must be some one else. Little had I thought, as
+night was closing in, that away on that snowy hilltop lay a man with a
+telescope patiently searching those miles of ice for <i>me</i>. Hastily
+they rushed back to the village and at once went down to try to launch
+a boat, but that proved to be impossible. Miles of ice lay between
+them and me, the heavy sea was hurling great blocks on the landwash,
+and night was already falling, the wind blowing hard on shore.</p>
+
+<p>The whole village was aroused, and messengers were despatched at once
+along the coast, and lookouts<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> told off to all the favorable points,
+so that while I considered myself a laughing-stock, bowing with my
+flag to those unresponsive cliffs, there were really many eyes
+watching me. One man told me that with his glass he distinctly saw me
+waving the shirt flag. There was little slumber that night in the
+villages, and even the men told me there were few dry eyes, as they
+thought of the impossibility of saving me from perishing. We are not
+given to weeping overmuch on this shore, but there are tears that do a
+man honor.</p>
+
+<p>Before daybreak this fine volunteer crew had been gotten together. The
+boat, with such a force behind it of will power, would, I believe,
+have gone through anything. And, after seeing the heavy breakers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
+through which we were guided, loaded with their heavy ice
+battering-rams, when at last we ran through the harbor-mouth with the
+boat on our return, I knew well what wives and children had been
+thinking of when they saw their loved ones put out. Only two years ago
+I remember a fisherman's wife watching her husband and three sons take
+out a boat to bring in a stranger that was showing flags for a pilot.
+But the boat and its occupants have not yet come back.</p>
+
+<p>Every soul in the village was on the beach as we neared the shore.
+Every soul was waiting to shake hands when I landed. Even with the
+grip that one after another gave me, some no longer trying to keep
+back the tears, I did not find out my hands<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> were frost-burnt,&mdash;a fact
+I have not been slow to appreciate since, however. I must have been a
+weird sight as I stepped ashore, tied up in rags, stuffed out with
+oakum, wrapped in the bloody skins of dogs, with no hat, coat, or
+gloves besides, and only a pair of short knickers. It must have seemed
+to some as if it were the old man of the sea coming ashore.</p>
+
+<p>But no time was wasted before a pot of tea was exactly where I wanted
+it to be, and some hot stew was locating itself where I had intended
+an hour before the blood of one of my remaining dogs should have gone.</p>
+
+<p>Rigged out in the warm garments that fishermen wear, I started with a
+large team as hard as I could race for the hospital, for I had learnt
+that the news had gone over that I was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> lost. It was soon painfully
+impressed upon me that I could not much enjoy the ride, for I had to
+be hauled like a log up the hills, my feet being frost-burnt so that I
+could not walk. Had I guessed this before going into the house, I
+might have avoided much trouble.</p>
+
+<p>It is time to bring this egotistic narrative to an end. "Jack" lies
+curled up by my feet while I write this short account. "Brin" is once
+again leading and lording it over his fellows. "Doc" and the other
+survivors are not forgotten, now that we have again returned to the
+less romantic episodes of a mission hospital life. There stands in our
+hallway a bronze tablet to the memory of three noble dogs, Moody,
+Watch, and Spy, whose lives were given for mine on the ice.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> In my
+home in England my brother has placed a duplicate tablet, and has
+added these words, "Not one of them is forgotten before your Father
+which is in heaven." And this I most fully believe to be true. The boy
+whose life I was intent on saving was brought to the hospital a day or
+two later in a boat, the ice having cleared off the coast not to
+return for that season. He was operated on successfully, and is even
+now on the high road to recovery. We all love life. I was glad to be
+back once more with possibly a new lease of it before me. I had
+learned on the pan many things, but chiefly that the one cause for
+regret, when we look back on a life which we think is closed forever,
+will be the fact that we have wasted its opportunities. As I went to
+sleep that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> first night there still rang in my ears the same verse of
+the old hymn which had been my companion on the ice, "Thy will, not
+mine, O Lord."</p>
+
+<div class="img"><a name="imagep54" id="imagep54"></a>
+<a href="images/imagep54.jpg">
+<img border="0" src="images/imagep54.jpg" width="65%" alt="MEMORIAL TABLET AT ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL, NEWFOUNDLAND" /></a><br />
+<p class="cen" style="margin-top: .2em;">MEMORIAL TABLET AT ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL, NEWFOUNDLAND<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">ToList</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a></span><br />
+<br />
+<a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a><hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span><br />
+
+<h3>APPENDIX</h3>
+<br />
+
+<p>One of Dr. Grenfell's volunteer helpers, Miss Luther of Providence,
+R.I., contributes the following account of the rescue as recited in
+the Newfoundland vernacular by one of the rescuing party.</p>
+
+<p>"One day, about a week after Dr. Grenfell's return," says Miss Luther,
+"two men came in from Griquet, fifteen miles away. They had walked all
+that distance, though the trail was heavy with soft snow and they
+often sank to their waists and waded through brooks and ponds. 'We
+just felt we must see the doctor and tell him what 't would 'a' meant
+to us, if he'd been lost.' Perhaps nothing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> but the doctor's own tale
+could be more graphic than what was told by George Andrews, one of the
+crew who rescued him."</p>
+<br />
+
+<p class="cen">THE RESCUERS' STORY</p>
+
+<p>"It was wonderfu' bad weather that Monday mornin'. Th' doctor was to
+Lock's Cove. None o' we thought o' 'is startin' out. I don't think th'
+doctor hisself thought o' goin' at first an' then 'e sent th' two men
+on ahead for to meet us at th' tilt an' said like 's 'e was goin'
+after all.</p>
+
+<p>"'Twas even' when us knew 'e was on th' ice. George Davis seen un
+first. 'E went to th' cliff to look for seal. It was after sunset an'
+half dark, but 'e thought 'e saw somethin' on th' ice an' 'e ran for
+George Read an' 'e got 'is spy-glass an' made out a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> man an' dogs on a
+pan an' knowed it war th' doctor.</p>
+
+<p>"It was too dark fur we t' go t' un, but us never slept at all, all
+night. I couldn' sleep. Us watched th' wind an' knew if it didn' blow
+too hard us could get un,&mdash;though 'e was then three mile off a'ready.
+So us waited for th' daylight. No one said who was goin' out in th'
+boat. Un 'ud say, 'Is you goin'?' An' another, 'Is you?' I didn' say,
+but I knowed what I'd do.</p>
+
+<p>"As soon as 'twas light us went to th' cliff wi' th' spy-glass to see
+if us could see un, but thar warn't nothin' in sight. Us know by the
+wind whar t' look fur un, an' us launched th' boat. George Read an'
+'is two sons, an' George Davis, what seen un first, an' me, was th'
+crew. George<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> Read was skipper-man an' th' rest was just youngsters.
+The sun was warm,&mdash;you mind 'twas a fine mornin',&mdash;an' us started in
+our shirt an' braces fur us knowed thar'd be hard work to do. I knowed
+thar was a chance o' not comin' back at all, but it didn' make no
+difference. I knowed I'd as good a chance as any, <i>an' 'twa' for th'
+doctor, an' 'is life's worth many</i>, an' somehow I couldn' let a man go
+out like dat wi'out tryin' fur un, an' I think us all felt th' same.</p>
+
+<p>"Us 'ad a good strong boat an' four oars, an' took a hot kettle o' tea
+an' food for a week, for us thought u'd 'ave t' go far an' p'rhaps
+lose th' boat an' 'ave t' walk ashore un th' ice. I din' 'ope to find
+the doctor alive an' kept lookin' for a sign of un on th'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> pans. 'Twa'
+no' easy gettin' to th' pans wi' a big sea runnin'! Th' big pans 'ud
+sometimes heave together an' near crush th' boat, an' sometimes us 'ad
+t' git out an' haul her over th' ice t' th' water again. Then us come
+t' th' slob ice where th' pan 'ad ground together, an' 'twas all
+thick, an' that was worse'n any. Us saw th' doctor about twenty
+minutes afore us got t' un. 'E was wavin' 'is flag an' I seen 'im. 'E
+was on a pan no bigger'n this flor, an' I dunno what ever kep' un fro'
+goin' abroad, for 'twasn't ice, 'twas packed snow. Th' pan was away
+from even th' slob, floatin' by hisself, an' th' open water all roun',
+an' 'twas just across fro' Goose Cove, an' outside o' that there'd
+been no hope. I think th' way th' pan held together was on account o'
+th'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> dogs' bodies meltin' it an' 't froze hard durin' th' night. 'E
+was level with th' water an' th' sea washin' over us all th' time.</p>
+
+<p>"When us got near un, it didn' seem like 'twas th' doctor. 'E looked
+so old an' 'is face such a queer color. 'E was very solemn-like when
+us took un an' th' dogs on th' boat. No un felt like sayin' much, an'
+'e 'ardly said nothin' till us gave un some tea an' loaf an' then 'e
+talked. I s'pose e was sort o' faint-like. Th' first thing 'e said
+was, how wonderfu' sorry 'e was o' gettin' into such a mess an' givin'
+we th' trouble o' comin' out for un. Us tol' un not to think o' that;
+us was glad to do it for un, an' 'e'd done it for any one o' we, many
+times over if 'e 'ad th' chance;&mdash;an' so 'e would. An' then 'e
+fretted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> about th' b'y 'e was goin' to see, it bein' too late to reach
+un, an' us tol' un 'is life was worth so much more 'n th' b'y, fur 'e
+could save others an' th' b'y couldn'. But 'e still fretted.</p>
+
+<p>"'E 'ad ripped th' dog-harnesses an' stuffed th' oakum in th' legs o'
+'is pants to keep un warm. 'E showed it to we. An' 'e cut off th' tops
+o' 'is boots to keep th' draught from 'is back. 'E must 'a' worked
+'ard all night. 'E said 'e droled off once or twice, but th' night
+seemed wonderfu' long.</p>
+
+<p>"Us took un off th' pan at about half-past seven, an' 'ad a 'ard fight
+gettin' in, th' sea still runnin' 'igh. 'E said 'e was proud to see us
+comin' for un, and so 'e might, for it grew wonderfu' cold in th' day
+and th' sea so 'igh the pan couldn' 'a' lived<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> outside. 'E wouldn'
+stop when us got ashore, but must go right on, an' when 'e 'ad dry
+clothes an' was a bit warm, us sent un to St. Anthony with a team.</p>
+
+<p>"Th' next night, an' for nights after, I couldn' sleep. I'd keep
+seein' that man standin' on th' ice, an' I'd be sorter half-awake
+like, sayin', 'But not th' doctor. Sure <i>not</i> th' <i>doctor</i>.'"</p>
+
+<p>There was silence for a few moments, and George Andrews looked out
+across the blue harbor to the sea.</p>
+
+<p>"'E sent us watches an' spy-glasses," said he, "an' pictures o'
+hisself that one o' you took o' un, made large an' in a frame. George
+Read an' me 'ad th' watches an' th' others 'ad th' spy-glasses. 'Ere's
+th' watch. It 'as 'In memory o' April 21st' on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> it, but us don't need
+th' things to make we remember it, tho' we 're wonderful glad t' 'ave
+'em from th' doctor."</p>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+
+
+<h5>The Riverside Press<br />
+CAMBRIDGE &middot; &nbsp; MASSACHUSETTS<br />
+U.S.A.</h5>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<hr />
+<br />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Adrift on an Ice-Pan, by Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN ***
+
+***** This file should be named 19044-h.htm or 19044-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/0/4/19044/
+
+Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse, Jessica
+Gockley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/19044-h/images/deco.png b/19044-h/images/deco.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b3d8cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/deco.png
diff --git a/19044-h/images/frontispiece.jpg b/19044-h/images/frontispiece.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c8f3a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/frontispiece.jpg
diff --git a/19044-h/images/imagep02.jpg b/19044-h/images/imagep02.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5eee87f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/imagep02.jpg
diff --git a/19044-h/images/imagep04.jpg b/19044-h/images/imagep04.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44e3e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/imagep04.jpg
diff --git a/19044-h/images/imagep08.jpg b/19044-h/images/imagep08.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa02d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/imagep08.jpg
diff --git a/19044-h/images/imagep12.jpg b/19044-h/images/imagep12.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b117c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/imagep12.jpg
diff --git a/19044-h/images/imagep20.jpg b/19044-h/images/imagep20.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9fc178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/imagep20.jpg
diff --git a/19044-h/images/imagep30.jpg b/19044-h/images/imagep30.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b780552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/imagep30.jpg
diff --git a/19044-h/images/imagep54.jpg b/19044-h/images/imagep54.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f316da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044-h/images/imagep54.jpg
diff --git a/19044.txt b/19044.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e764084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1556 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Adrift on an Ice-Pan, by Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Adrift on an Ice-Pan
+
+Author: Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+Release Date: August 14, 2006 [EBook #19044]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse, Jessica
+Gockley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    +-----------------------------------------------------------+
+    | Transcriber's Note:                                       |
+    |                                                           |
+    | The appendix contains dialect that has been carefully     |
+    | reproduced.                                               |
+    |                                                           |
+    +-----------------------------------------------------------+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+      +--------------------------------------+
+      |        By Wilfred T. Grenfell        |
+      |                                      |
+      |  THE ADVENTURE OF LIFE.              |
+      |  ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN. Illustrated.  |
+      |                                      |
+      |       HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY       |
+      |         BOSTON AND NEW YORK          |
+      +--------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN
+
+  [Illustration: (signed) Wilfred Grenfell]
+
+
+
+
+ADRIFT ON AN
+ICE-PAN
+
+BY
+WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL
+M.D. (OXON), C.M.G.
+
+ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
+BY DR. GRENFELL AND OTHERS
+
+
+
+
+BOSTON AND NEW YORK
+HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
+
+
+
+
+COPYRIGHT 1909
+BY WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL
+ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
+
+PUBLISHED JUNE 1909
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH                                            ix
+
+ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN                                            1
+
+APPENDIX                                                       59
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+WILFRED THOMASON GRENFELL, M.D. (OXON), C.M.G      _Frontispiece_
+
+THE SETTLEMENT AT ST. ANTHONY                                   2
+
+ON A JOURNEY FROM ST. ANTHONY                                   4
+
+TRAVELLING ON BROKEN ICE                                        8
+
+PART OF DR. GRENFELL'S TEAM                                    12
+
+DR. GRENFELL AND JACK                                          20
+  WITH THE JACKET MADE FROM MOCCASINS
+
+DOC                                                            30
+
+MEMORIAL TABLET, ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL, NEWFOUNDLAND          54
+
+
+
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
+
+
+  "MOST NOBLE VICE-CHANCELLOR, AND YOU, EMINENT PROCTORS:
+
+"A citizen of Britain is before you, once a student in this
+University, now better known to the people of the New World than to
+our own. This is the man who fifteen years ago went to the coast of
+Labrador, to succor with medical aid the solitary fishermen of the
+northern sea; in executing which service he despised the perils of the
+ocean, which are there most terrible, in order to bring comfort and
+light to the wretched and sorrowing. Thus, up to the measure of human
+ability, he seems to follow, if it is right to say it of any one, in
+the footsteps of Christ Himself, as a truly Christian man. Rightly
+then we praise him by whose praise not he alone, but our University
+also is honored. I present to you Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, that he
+may be admitted to the degree of Doctor in Medicine, HONORIS CAUSA."
+
+Thus may be rendered the Latin address when, in May, 1907, for the
+first time in its history, the University of Oxford conferred the
+honorary degree in medicine. With these fitting words was presented a
+man whose simple faith has been the motive power of his works, to whom
+pain and weariness of flesh have called no stay since there was
+discouragement never, to whom personal danger has counted as nothing
+since fear is incomprehensible. "As the Lord wills, whether for wreck
+or service, I am about His business." On November 9th of the preceding
+year, the King of England gave one of his "Birthday Honors" to the
+same man, making him a Companion of St. Michael and St. George
+(C.M.G.).
+
+Wilfred Thomason Grenfell, second son of the Rev. Algernon Sydney
+Grenfell and Jane Georgiana Hutchinson, was born on the twenty-eighth
+day of February, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, at Mostyn House
+School, Parkgate, by Chester, England, of an ancestry which laid a
+firm foundation for his career and in surroundings which fitted him
+for it. On both sides of his inheritance have been exhibited the
+courage, patience, persistence, and fighting and teaching qualities
+which are exemplified in his own abilities to command, to administer,
+and to uplift.
+
+On his father's side were the Grenvilles, who made good account of
+themselves in such cause as they approved, among them Basil Grenville,
+commander of the Royalist Cornish Army, killed at Lansdown in 1643 in
+defence of King Charles.
+
+    "Four wheels to Charles's wain:
+    Grenville, Trevanion, Slanning, Godolphin slain."
+
+There was also Sir Richard Grenville, immortalized by Tennyson in "The
+Revenge," and John Pascoe Grenville, the right-hand man of Admiral
+Cochrane, who boarded the Spanish admiral's ship, the Esmeralda, on
+the port side, while Cochrane came up on the starboard, when together
+they made short work of the capture. Nor has the strain died out, as
+is demonstrated in the present generation by many of Dr. Grenfell's
+cousins, among them General Francis Wallace Grenfell, Lord Kilvey, and
+by Dr. Grenfell himself on the Labrador in the fight against disease
+and disaster and distress along a stormy and uncharted coast.
+
+On his mother's side, four of her brothers were generals or colonels
+in the trying times of service in India. The eldest fought with
+distinction throughout the Indian Mutiny and in the defence of
+Lucknow, and another commanded the crack cavalry regiment, the
+"Guides," at Peshawar, and fell fighting in one of the turbulent North
+of India wars.
+
+Of teachers, there was Dr. Grenfell's paternal grandfather, the Rev.
+Algernon Grenfell, the second of three brothers, house master at Rugby
+under Arnold, and a fine classical scholar, whose elder and younger
+brothers each felt the ancestral call of the sea and became admirals,
+with brave records of daring and success.
+
+Dr. Grenfell's father, after a brilliant career at Rugby School and at
+Balliol College, Oxford, became assistant master at Repton, and later,
+when he married, head master of Mostyn House School, a position which
+he resigned in 1882 to become Chaplain of the London Hospital. "He was
+a man of much learning, with a keen interest in science, a remarkable
+eloquence, and a fervent evangelistic faith."
+
+Mostyn House School still stands, enlarged and modernized, in the
+charge of Dr. Grenfell's elder brother, and in it his mother is still
+the real head and controlling genius.
+
+Parkgate, at one time a seaport of renown, when Liverpool was still
+unimportant, and later a seaside health resort to which came the
+fashion and beauty of England, had fallen, through the silting of the
+estuary and the broadening of the "Sands of Dee," to the level of a
+hamlet in the time of Dr. Grenfell's boyhood. The broad stretch of
+seaward trending sand, with its interlacing rivulets of fresh and
+brackish water, made a tempting though treacherous playground,
+alluring alike in the varied forms of life it harbored and in the
+adventure which whetted exploration. Thither came Charles Kingsley,
+Canon of Chester, who married a Grenfell, and who coupled his verse
+with scientific study and made geological excursions to the river's
+mouth with the then Master of Mostyn House School. In these excursions
+the youthful Wilfred was a participant, and therein he learned some of
+his first lessons in that accuracy of observation essential to his
+later life work.
+
+Here in this trained, but untrammeled, boyhood, with an inherited
+incentive to labor and an educated thirst for knowledge, away from the
+thrall of crowded communities, close to the wild places of nature,
+with the sea always beckoning and a rocking boat as familiar as the
+land, it is small wonder that there grew the fashioning of the purpose
+of a man, dimly at first, conceived in a home in which all, both of
+tradition and of teaching, bred faith, reverence, and the sense of
+thanksgiving in usefulness.
+
+From the school-days at Parkgate came the step to Marlborough College,
+where three years were marked by earnest study, both in books and in
+play, for the one gained a scholarship and the other an enduring
+interest in Rugby football. Matriculating later at the University of
+London, Grenfell entered the London Hospital, and there laid not only
+the foundation of his medical education, but that of his friendship
+with Sir Frederick Treves, renowned surgeon and daring sailor and
+master mariner as well. With plenty of work to the fore, as a hospital
+interne, the ruling spirit still asserted itself, and the young
+doctor became an inspiration among the waifs of the teeming city; he
+was one of the founders of the great Lads' Brigades which have done
+much good, and fostered more, in the example that they have set for
+allied activities. Nor were the needs of his own bodily machine
+neglected; football, rowing, and the tennis court kept him in
+condition, and his athletics served to strengthen his appeals to the
+London boys whom he enrolled in the brigades. He founded the
+inter-hospital rowing club at Putney and rowed in the first
+inter-hospital race; he played on the Varsity football team, and won
+the "throwing the hammer" at the sports.
+
+A couple of terms at Queen's College, Oxford, followed the London
+experience, but here the conditions were too easy and luxurious for
+one who, by both inheritance and training, had within him the
+incentive to the strenuous life. Need called, misery appealed, the
+message of life, of hope, and of salvation awaited, and the young
+doctor turned from Oxford to the medical mission work in which his
+record stands among the foremost for its effectiveness and for the
+spirituality of its purpose.
+
+Seeking some way in which he could satisfy his medical aspirations, as
+well as his desire for adventure and for definite Christian work, he
+appealed to Sir Frederick Treves, a member of the Council of the Royal
+National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, who suggested his joining the
+staff of the mission and establishing a medical mission to the
+fishermen of the North Sea. The conditions of the life were onerous,
+the existing traffic in spirituous liquors and in all other
+demoralizing influences had to be fought step by step, prejudice and
+evil habit had to be overcome and to be replaced by better knowledge
+and better desire, there was room for both fighting and teaching, and
+the medical mission won its way. "When you set out to commend your
+gospel to men who don't want it, there's only one way to go about
+it,--to do something for them that they'll be sure to understand. The
+message of love that was 'made flesh and dwelt amongst men' must be
+reincarnate in our lives if it is to be received to-day." Thus came
+about the outfitting of the Albert hospital-ship to carry the message
+and the help, by cruising among the fleets on the fishing-grounds,
+and the organization of the Deep Sea Mission; when this work was done,
+"when the fight had gone out of it," Dr. Grenfell looked for another
+field, for yet another need, and found it on that barren and
+inhospitable coast the Labrador, whose only harvest field is the sea.
+
+Six hundred miles of almost barren rock with outlying uncharted
+ledges,--worn smooth by ice, else still more vessels would have found
+wreckage there; a scant, constant population of hardy fishermen and
+their families, pious and God-fearing, most of them, but largely at
+the mercy of the local traders, who took their pay in fish for the
+bare necessities of living, with a large account always on the
+trader's side; with such medical aid and ministration as came only
+occasionally, by the infrequent mail boat, and not at all in the long
+winter months when the coast was firm beset with ice,--to such a place
+came Dr. Grenfell in 1892 to cast in his lot with its inhabitants, to
+live there so long as he should, to die there were it God's will.
+
+As it stands to-day the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, which Dr.
+Grenfell represents, administers, and animates on the Labrador coast,
+not only brings hope, new courage, and spiritual comfort to an
+isolated people in a desolate land, but cares for the sick and
+injured, in its four hospitals and dispensary, provides house
+visitation by means of dog-sledge journeys covering hundreds of miles
+in a year, teaches wholesome and righteous living, conducts
+cooeperative stores, provides for orphans and for families bereft of
+the bread-winners by accidents of the sea, encourages thrift, and
+administers justice, and adds to the wage-earning capacity and
+therefore food-obtaining power by operating a sawmill, a
+schooner-building yard, and other productive industries.
+
+To accomplish this, to make of the scattered settlements a united and
+independent people, to safeguard their future by such measures as the
+establishment of a Seamen's Institute at St. John's, Newfoundland, and
+the insurance of communication with the outside world, and to raise,
+by personal solicitation, the money needed for these enterprises,
+requires an unusual personality. Faith, courage, insight, foresight,
+the power to win, and the ability to command,--all of these and more
+of like qualities are embodied and portrayed in Dr. Grenfell.
+
+          CLARENCE JOHN BLAKE.
+
+
+
+
+ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN
+
+
+It was Easter Sunday at St. Anthony in the year 1908, but with us in
+northern Newfoundland still winter. Everything was covered with snow
+and ice. I was walking back after morning service, when a boy came
+running over from the hospital with the news that a large team of dogs
+had come from sixty miles to the southward, to get a doctor on a very
+urgent case. It was that of a young man on whom we had operated about
+a fortnight before for an acute bone disease in the thigh. The people
+had allowed the wound to close, the poisoned matter had accumulated,
+and we thought we should have to remove the leg. There was obviously,
+therefore, no time to be lost. So, having packed up the necessary
+instruments, dressings, and drugs, and having fitted out the
+dog-sleigh with my best dogs, I started at once, the messengers
+following me with their team.
+
+My team was an especially good one. On many a long journey they had
+stood by me and pulled me out of difficulties by their sagacity and
+endurance. To a lover of his dogs, as every Christian man must be,
+each one had become almost as precious as a child to its mother. They
+were beautiful beasts: "Brin," the cleverest leader on the coast;
+"Doc," a large, gentle beast, the backbone of the team for power;
+"Spy," a wiry, powerful black and white dog; "Moody," a lop-eared
+black-and-tan, in his third season, a plodder that never looked behind
+him; "Watch," the youngster of the team, long-legged and speedy, with
+great liquid eyes and a Gordon-setter coat; "Sue," a large, dark
+Eskimo, the image of a great black wolf, with her sharp-pointed and
+perpendicular ears, for she "harked back" to her wild ancestry;
+"Jerry," a large roan-colored slut, the quickest of all my dogs on her
+feet, and so affectionate that her overtures of joy had often sent me
+sprawling on my back; "Jack," a jet-black, gentle-natured dog, more
+like a retriever, that always ran next the sledge, and never looked
+back but everlastingly pulled straight ahead, running always with his
+nose to the ground.
+
+  [Illustration: THE SETTLEMENT AT ST. ANTHONY]
+
+It was late in April, when there is always the risk of getting wet
+through the ice, so that I was carefully prepared with spare outfit,
+which included a change of garments, snow-shoes, rifle, compass, axe,
+and oilskin overclothes. The messengers were anxious that their team
+should travel back with mine, for they were slow at best and needed a
+lead. My dogs, however, being a powerful team, could not be held back,
+and though I managed to wait twice for their sleigh, I had reached a
+village about twenty miles on the journey before nightfall, and had
+fed the dogs, and was gathering a few people for prayers when they
+caught me up.
+
+During the night the wind shifted to the northeast, which brought in
+fog and rain, softened the snow, and made travelling very bad,
+besides heaving a heavy sea into the bay. Our drive next morning would
+be somewhat over forty miles, the first ten miles on an arm of the
+sea, on salt-water ice.
+
+  [Illustration: ON A JOURNEY]
+
+In order not to be separated too long from my friends, I sent them
+ahead two hours before me, appointing a rendezvous in a log tilt that
+we have built in the woods as a halfway house. There is no one living
+on all that long coast-line, and to provide against accidents--which
+have happened more than once--we built this hut to keep dry clothing,
+food, and drugs in.
+
+The first rain of the year was falling when I started, and I was
+obliged to keep on what we call the "ballicaters," or ice barricades,
+much farther up the bay than I had expected. The sea of the night
+before had smashed the ponderous covering of ice right to the
+landwash. There were great gaping chasms between the enormous blocks,
+which we call pans, and half a mile out it was all clear water.
+
+An island three miles out had preserved a bridge of ice, however, and
+by crossing a few cracks I managed to reach it. From the island it was
+four miles across to a rocky promontory,--a course that would be
+several miles shorter than going round the shore. Here as far as the
+eye could reach the ice seemed good, though it was very rough.
+Obviously, it had been smashed up by the sea and then packed in again
+by the strong wind from the northeast, and I thought it had frozen
+together solid.
+
+All went well till I was about a quarter of a mile from the
+landing-point. Then the wind suddenly fell, and I noticed that I was
+travelling over loose "sish," which was like porridge and probably
+many feet deep. By stabbing down, I could drive my whip-handle through
+the thin coating of young ice that was floating on it. The sish ice
+consists of the tiny fragments where the large pans have been pounding
+together on the heaving sea, like the stones of Freya's grinding mill.
+
+So quickly did the wind now come off shore, and so quickly did the
+packed "slob," relieved of the wind pressure, "run abroad," that
+already I could not see one pan larger than ten feet square; moreover,
+the ice was loosening so rapidly that I saw that retreat was
+absolutely impossible. Neither was there any way to get off the little
+pan I was surveying from.
+
+There was not a moment to lose. I tore off my oilskins, threw myself
+on my hands and knees by the side of the komatik to give a larger base
+to hold, and shouted to my team to go ahead for the shore. Before we
+had gone twenty yards, the dogs got frightened, hesitated for a
+moment, and the komatik instantly sank into the slob. It was necessary
+then for the dogs to pull much harder, so that they now began to sink
+in also.
+
+Earlier in the season the father of the very boy I was going to
+operate on had been drowned in this same way, his dogs tangling their
+traces around him in the slob. This flashed into my mind, and I
+managed to loosen my sheath-knife, scramble forward, find the traces
+in the water, and cut them, holding on to the leader's trace wound
+round my wrist.
+
+  [Illustration: TRAVELLING ON BROKEN ICE]
+
+Being in the water I could see no piece of ice that would bear
+anything up. But there was as it happened a piece of snow, frozen
+together like a large snowball, about twenty-five yards away, near
+where my leading dog, "Brin," was wallowing in the slob. Upon this he
+very shortly climbed, his long trace of ten fathoms almost reaching
+there before he went into the water.
+
+This dog has weird black markings on his face, giving him the
+appearance of wearing a perpetual grin. After climbing out on the snow
+as if it were the most natural position in the world he deliberately
+shook the ice and water from his long coat, and then turned round to
+look for me. As he sat perched up there out of the water he seemed to
+be grinning with satisfaction. The other dogs were hopelessly bogged.
+Indeed, we were like flies in treacle.
+
+Gradually, I hauled myself along the line that was still tied to my
+wrist, till without any warning the dog turned round and slipped out
+of his harness, and then once more turned his grinning face to where I
+was struggling.
+
+It was impossible to make any progress through the sish ice by
+swimming, so I lay there and thought all would soon be over, only
+wondering if any one would ever know how it happened. There was no
+particular horror attached to it, and in fact I began to feel drowsy,
+as if I could easily go to sleep, when suddenly I saw the trace of
+another big dog that had himself gone through before he reached the
+pan, and though he was close to it was quite unable to force his way
+out. Along this I hauled myself, using him as a bow anchor, but much
+bothered by the other dogs as I passed them, one of which got on my
+shoulder, pushing me farther down into the ice. There was only a yard
+or so more when I had passed my living anchor, and soon I lay with my
+dogs around me on the little piece of slob ice. I had to help them on
+to it, working them through the lane that I had made.
+
+  [Illustration: PART OF DR. GRENFELL'S TEAM]
+
+The piece of ice we were on was so small it was obvious we must soon
+all be drowned, if we remained upon it as it drifted seaward into more
+open water. If we were to save our lives, no time was to be lost. When
+I stood up, I could see about twenty yards away a larger pan floating
+amidst the sish, like a great flat raft, and if we could get on to it
+we should postpone at least for a time the death that already seemed
+almost inevitable. It was impossible to reach it without a life line,
+as I had already learned to my cost, and the next problem was how to
+get one there. Marvellous to relate, when I had first fallen through,
+after I had cut the dogs adrift without any hope left of saving
+myself, I had not let my knife sink, but had fastened it by two half
+hitches to the back of one of the dogs. To my great joy there it was
+still, and shortly I was at work cutting all the sealskin traces
+still hanging from the dogs' harnesses, and splicing them together
+into one long line. These I divided and fastened to the backs of my
+two leaders, tying the near ends round my two wrists. I then pointed
+out to "Brin" the pan I wanted to reach and tried my best to make them
+go ahead, giving them the full length of my lines from two coils. My
+long sealskin moccasins, reaching to my thigh, were full of ice and
+water. These I took off and tied separately on the dogs' backs. My
+coat, hat, gloves, and overalls I had already lost. At first, nothing
+would induce the two dogs to move, and though I threw them off the pan
+two or three times, they struggled back upon it, which perhaps was
+only natural, because as soon as they fell through they could see
+nowhere else to make for. To me, however, this seemed to spell "the
+end." Fortunately, I had with me a small black spaniel, almost a
+featherweight, with large furry paws, called "Jack," who acts as my
+mascot and incidentally as my retriever. This at once flashed into my
+mind, and I felt I had still one more chance for life. So I spoke to
+him and showed him the direction, and then threw a piece of ice toward
+the desired goal. Without a moment's hesitation he made a dash for it,
+and to my great joy got there safely, the tough scale of sea ice
+carrying his weight bravely. At once I shouted to him to "lie down,"
+and this, too, he immediately did, looking like a little black fuzz
+ball on the white setting. My leaders could now see him seated there
+on the new piece of floe, and when once more I threw them off they
+understood what I wanted, and fought their way to where they saw the
+spaniel, carrying with them the line that gave me the one chance for
+my life. The other dogs followed them, and after painful struggling,
+all got out again except one. Taking all the run that I could get on
+my little pan, I made a dive, slithering with the impetus along the
+surface till once more I sank through. After a long fight, however, I
+was able to haul myself by the long traces on to this new pan, having
+taken care beforehand to tie the harnesses to which I was holding
+under the dogs' bellies, so that they could not slip them off. But
+alas! the pan I was now on was not large enough to bear us and was
+already beginning to sink, so this process had to be repeated
+immediately.
+
+I now realized that, though we had been working toward the shore, we
+had been losing ground all the time, for the off-shore wind had
+already driven us a hundred yards farther out. But the widening gap
+kept full of the pounded ice, through which no man could possibly go.
+
+I had decided I would rather stake my chances on a long swim even than
+perish by inches on the floe, as there was no likelihood whatever of
+being seen and rescued. But, keenly though I watched, not a streak
+even of clear water appeared, the interminable sish rising from below
+and filling every gap as it appeared. We were now resting on a piece
+of ice about ten by twelve feet, which, as I found when I came to
+examine it, was not ice at all, but simply snow-covered slob frozen
+into a mass, and I feared it would very soon break up in the general
+turmoil of the heavy sea, which was increasing as the ice drove off
+shore before the wind.
+
+At first we drifted in the direction of a rocky point on which a heavy
+surf was breaking. Here I thought once again to swim ashore. But
+suddenly we struck a rock. A large piece broke off the already small
+pan, and what was left swung round in the backwash, and started right
+out to sea.
+
+There was nothing for it now but to hope for a rescue. Alas! there was
+little possibility of being seen. As I have already mentioned, no one
+lives around this big bay. My only hope was that the other komatik,
+knowing I was alone and had failed to keep my tryst, would perhaps
+come back to look for me. This, however, as it proved, they did not
+do.
+
+The westerly wind was rising all the time, our coldest wind at this
+time of the year, coming as it does over the Gulf ice. It was
+tantalizing, as I stood with next to nothing on, the wind going
+through me and every stitch soaked in ice-water, to see my
+well-stocked komatik some fifty yards away. It was still above water,
+with food, hot tea in a thermos bottle, dry clothing, matches, wood,
+and everything on it for making a fire to attract attention.
+
+It is easy to see a dark object on the ice in the daytime, for the
+gorgeous whiteness shows off the least thing. But the tops of bushes
+and large pieces of kelp have often deceived those looking out.
+Moreover, within our memory no man has been thus adrift on the bay
+ice. The chances were about one in a thousand that I should be seen at
+all, and if I were seen, I should probably be mistaken for some piece
+of refuse.
+
+To keep from freezing, I cut off my long moccasins down to the feet,
+strung out some line, split the legs, and made a kind of jacket, which
+protected my back from the wind down as far as the waist. I have this
+jacket still, and my friends assure me it would make a good Sunday
+garment.
+
+I had not drifted more than half a mile before I saw my poor komatik
+disappear through the ice, which was every minute loosening up into
+the small pans that it consisted of, and it seemed like a friend gone
+and one more tie with home and safety lost. To the northward, about a
+mile distant, lay the mainland along which I had passed so merrily in
+the morning,--only, it seemed, a few moments before.
+
+By mid-day I had passed the island to which I had crossed on the ice
+bridge. I could see that the bridge was gone now. If I could reach the
+island I should only be marooned and destined to die of starvation.
+But there was little chance of that, for I was rapidly driving into
+the ever widening bay.
+
+  [Illustration: DR. GRENFELL AND JACK
+  WITH THE JACKET MADE FROM MOCCASINS]
+
+It was scarcely safe to move on my small ice raft, for fear of
+breaking it. Yet I saw I must have the skins of some of my dogs,--of
+which I had eight on the pan,--if I was to live the night out. There
+was now some three to five miles between me and the north side of the
+bay. There, immense pans of Arctic ice, surging to and fro on the
+heavy ground seas, were thundering into the cliffs like medieval
+battering-rams. It was evident that, even if seen, I could hope for no
+help from that quarter before night. No boat could live through the
+surf.
+
+Unwinding the sealskin traces from my waist, round which I had wound
+them to keep the dogs from eating them, I made a slip-knot, passed it
+over the first dog's head, tied it round my foot close to his neck,
+threw him on his back, and stabbed him in the heart. Poor beast! I
+loved him like a friend,--a beautiful dog,--but we could not all hope
+to live. In fact, I had no hope any of us would, at that time, but it
+seemed better to die fighting.
+
+In spite of my care the struggling dog bit me rather badly in the leg.
+I suppose my numb hands prevented my holding his throat as I could
+ordinarily do. Moreover, I must hold the knife in the wound to the
+end, as blood on the fur would freeze solid and make the skin useless.
+In this way I sacrificed two more large dogs, receiving only one more
+bite, though I fully expected that the pan I was on would break up in
+the struggle. The other dogs, who were licking their coats and trying
+to get dry, apparently took no notice of the fate of their
+comrades,--but I was very careful to prevent the dying dogs crying
+out, for the noise of fighting would probably have been followed by
+the rest attacking the down dog, and that was too close to me to be
+pleasant. A short shrift seemed to me better than a long one, and I
+envied the dead dogs whose troubles were over so quickly. Indeed, I
+came to balance in my mind whether, if once I passed into the open
+sea, it would not be better by far to use my faithful knife on myself
+than to die by inches. There seemed no hardship in the thought. I
+seemed fully to sympathize with the Japanese view of hara-kiri.
+
+Working, however, saved me from philosophizing. By the time I had
+skinned these dogs, and with my knife and some of the harness had
+strung the skins together, I was ten miles on my way, and it was
+getting dark.
+
+Away to the northward I could see a single light in the little village
+where I had slept the night before, where I had received the kindly
+hospitality of the simple fishermen in whose comfortable homes I have
+spent many a night. I could not help but think of them sitting down to
+tea, with no idea that there was any one watching them, for I had told
+them not to expect me back for three days.
+
+Meanwhile I had frayed out a small piece of rope into oakum, and mixed
+it with fat from the intestines of my dogs. Alas, my match-box, which
+was always chained to me, had leaked, and my matches were in pulp. Had
+I been able to make a light, it would have looked so unearthly out
+there on the sea that I felt sure they would see me. But that chance
+was now cut off. However, I kept the matches, hoping that I might dry
+them if I lived through the night. While working at the dogs, about
+every five minutes I would stand up and wave my hands toward the land.
+I had no flag, and I could not spare my shirt, for, wet as it was, it
+was better than nothing in that freezing wind, and, anyhow, it was
+already nearly dark.
+
+Unfortunately, the coves in among the cliffs are so placed that only
+for a very narrow space can the people in any house see the sea.
+Indeed, most of them cannot see it at all, so that I could not in the
+least expect any one to see me, even supposing it had been daylight.
+
+Not daring to take any snow from the surface of my pan to break the
+wind with, I piled up the carcasses of my dogs. With my skin rug I
+could now sit down without getting soaked. During these hours I had
+continually taken off all my clothes, wrung them out, swung them one
+by one in the wind, and put on first one and then the other inside,
+hoping that what heat there was in my body would thus serve to dry
+them. In this I had been fairly successful.
+
+My feet gave me most trouble, for they immediately got wet again
+because my thin moccasins were easily soaked through on the snow. I
+suddenly thought of the way in which the Lapps who tend our reindeer
+manage for dry socks. They carry grass with them, which they ravel up
+and pad into their shoes. Into this they put their feet, and then pack
+the rest with more grass, tying up the top with a binder. The ropes of
+the harness for our dogs are carefully sewed all over with two layers
+of flannel in order to make them soft against the dogs' sides. So, as
+soon as I could sit down, I started with my trusty knife to rip up the
+flannel. Though my fingers were more or less frozen, I was able also
+to ravel out the rope, put it into my shoes, and use my wet socks
+inside my knickerbockers, where, though damp, they served to break the
+wind. Then, tying the narrow strips of flannel together, I bound up
+the top of the moccasins, Lapp-fashion, and carried the bandage on up
+over my knee, making a ragged though most excellent puttee.
+
+As to the garments I wore, I had opened recently a box of football
+clothes I had not seen for twenty years. I had found my old Oxford
+University football running shorts and a pair of Richmond Football
+Club red, yellow, and black stockings, exactly as I wore them twenty
+years ago. These with a flannel shirt and sweater vest were now all I
+had left. Coat, hat, gloves, oilskins, everything else, were gone, and
+I stood there in that odd costume, exactly as I stood twenty years ago
+on a football field, reminding me of the little girl of a friend, who,
+when told she was dying, asked to be dressed in her Sunday frock to
+go to heaven in. My costume, being very light, dried all the quicker,
+until afternoon. Then nothing would dry anymore, everything freezing
+stiff. It had been an ideal costume to struggle through the slob ice.
+I really believe the conventional garments missionaries are supposed
+to affect would have been fatal.
+
+My occupation till what seemed like midnight was unravelling rope, and
+with this I padded out my knickers inside, and my shirt as well,
+though it was a clumsy job, for I could not see what I was doing. Now,
+getting my largest dog, Doc, as big as a wolf and weighing ninety-two
+pounds, I made him lie down, so that I could cuddle round him. I then
+wrapped the three skins around me, arranging them so that I could lie
+on one edge, while the other came just over my shoulders and head.
+
+My own breath collecting inside the newly flayed skin must have had a
+soporific effect, for I was soon fast asleep. One hand I had kept warm
+against the curled up dog, but the other, being gloveless, had frozen,
+and I suddenly awoke, shivering enough, I thought, to break my fragile
+pan. What I took at first to be the sun was just rising, but I soon
+found it was the moon, and then I knew it was about half-past twelve.
+The dog was having an excellent time. He hadn't been cuddled so warm
+all winter, and he resented my moving with low growls till he found it
+wasn't another dog.
+
+  [Illustration: DOC]
+
+The wind was steadily driving me now toward the open sea, and I could
+expect, short of a miracle, nothing but death out there. Somehow, one
+scarcely felt justified in praying for a miracle. But we have learned
+down here to pray for things we want, and, anyhow, just at that moment
+the miracle occurred. The wind fell off suddenly, and came with a
+light air from the southward, and then dropped stark calm. The ice was
+now "all abroad," which I was sorry for, for there was a big safe pan
+not twenty yards away from me. If I could have got on that, I might
+have killed my other dogs when the time came, and with their coats I
+could hope to hold out for two or three days more, and with the food
+and drink their bodies would offer me need not at least die of hunger
+or thirst. To tell the truth, they were so big and strong I was half
+afraid to tackle them with only a sheath-knife on my small and
+unstable raft.
+
+But it was now freezing hard. I knew the calm water between us would
+form into cakes, and I had to recognize that the chance of getting
+near enough to escape on to it was gone. If, on the other hand, the
+whole bay froze solid again I had yet another possible chance. For my
+pan would hold together longer and I should be opposite another
+village, called Goose Cove, at daylight, and might possibly be seen
+from there. I knew that the komatiks there would be starting at
+daybreak over the hills for a parade of Orangemen about twenty miles
+away. Possibly, therefore, I might be seen as they climbed the hills.
+So I lay down, and went to sleep again.
+
+It seems impossible to say how long one sleeps, but I woke with a
+sudden thought in my mind that I must have a flag; but again I had no
+pole and no flag. However, I set to work in the dark to disarticulate
+the legs of my dead dogs, which were now frozen stiff, and which were
+all that offered a chance of carrying anything like a distress signal.
+Cold as it was, I determined to sacrifice my shirt for that purpose
+with the first streak of daylight.
+
+It took a long time in the dark to get the legs off, and when I had
+patiently marled them together with old harness rope and the remains
+of the skin traces, it was the heaviest and crookedest flag-pole it
+has ever been my lot to see. I had had no food from six o'clock the
+morning before, when I had eaten porridge and bread and butter. I had,
+however, a rubber band which I had been wearing instead of one of my
+garters, and I chewed that for twenty-four hours. It saved me from
+thirst and hunger, oddly enough. It was not possible to get a drink
+from my pan, for it was far too salty. But anyhow that thought did not
+distress me much, for as from time to time I heard the cracking and
+grinding of the newly formed slob, it seemed that my devoted boat must
+inevitably soon go to pieces.
+
+At last the sun rose, and the time came for the sacrifice of my shirt.
+So I stripped, and, much to my surprise, found it not half so cold as
+I had anticipated. I now re-formed my dog-skins with the raw side out,
+so that they made a kind of coat quite rivalling Joseph's. But, with
+the rising of the sun, the frost came out of the joints of my dogs'
+legs, and the friction caused by waving it made my flag-pole almost
+tie itself in knots. Still, I could raise it three or four feet above
+my head, which was very important.
+
+Now, however, I found that instead of being as far out at sea as I had
+reckoned, I had drifted back in a northwesterly direction, and was off
+some cliffs known as Ireland Head. Near these there was a little
+village looking seaward, whence I should certainly have been seen.
+But, as I had myself, earlier in the winter, been night-bound at this
+place, I had learnt there was not a single soul living there at all
+this winter. The people had all, as usual, migrated to the winter
+houses up the bay, where they get together for schooling and social
+purposes.
+
+I soon found it was impossible to keep waving so heavy a flag all the
+time, and yet I dared not sit down, for that might be the exact moment
+some one would be in a position to see me from the hills. The only
+thing in my mind was how long I could stand up and how long go on
+waving that pole at the cliffs. Once or twice I thought I saw men
+against their snowy faces, which, I judged, were about five and a half
+miles from me, but they were only trees. Once, also, I thought I saw a
+boat approaching. A glittering object kept appearing and disappearing
+on the water, but it was only a small piece of ice sparkling in the
+sun as it rose on the surface. I think that the rocking of my cradle
+up and down on the waves had helped me to sleep, for I felt as well as
+ever I did in my life; and with the hope of a long sunny day, I felt
+sure I was good to last another twenty-four hours,--if my boat would
+hold out and not rot under the sun's rays.
+
+Each time I sat down to rest, my big dog "Doc" came and kissed my face
+and then walked to the edge of the ice-pan, returning again to where I
+was huddled up, as if to say, "Why don't you come along? Surely it is
+time to start." The other dogs also were now moving about very
+restlessly, occasionally trying to satisfy their hunger by gnawing at
+the dead bodies of their brothers.
+
+I determined, at mid-day, to kill a big Eskimo dog and drink his
+blood, as I had read only a few days before in "Farthest North" of Dr.
+Nansen's doing,--that is, if I survived the battle with him. I could
+not help feeling, even then, my ludicrous position, and I thought, if
+ever I got ashore again, I should have to laugh at myself standing
+hour after hour waving my shirt at those lofty cliffs, which seemed to
+assume a kind of sardonic grin, so that I could almost imagine they
+were laughing at me. At times I could not help thinking of the good
+breakfast that my colleagues were enjoying at the back of those same
+cliffs, and of the snug fire and the comfortable room which we call
+our study.
+
+I can honestly say that from first to last not a single sensation of
+fear entered my mind, even when I was struggling in the slob ice.
+Somehow it did not seem unnatural; I had been through the ice half a
+dozen times before. For the most part I felt very sleepy, and the idea
+was then very strong in my mind that I should soon reach the solution
+of the mysteries that I had been preaching about for so many years.
+
+Only the previous night (Easter Sunday) at prayers in the cottage, we
+had been discussing the fact that the soul was entirely separate from
+the body, that Christ's idea of the body as the temple in which the
+soul dwells is so amply borne out by modern science. We had talked of
+thoughts from that admirable book, "Brain and Personality," by Dr.
+Thompson of New York, and also of the same subject in the light of a
+recent operation performed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital by Dr. Harvey
+Cushing. The doctor had removed from a man's brain two large cystic
+tumors without giving the man an anaesthetic, and the patient had kept
+up a running conversation with him all the while the doctor's fingers
+were working in his brain. It had seemed such a striking proof that
+ourselves and our bodies are two absolutely different things.
+
+Our eternal life has always been with me a matter of faith. It seems
+to me one of those problems that must always be a mystery to
+knowledge. But my own faith in this matter had been so untroubled that
+it seemed now almost natural to be leaving through this portal of
+death from an ice pan. In many ways, also, I could see how a death of
+this kind might be of value to the particular work that I am engaged
+in. Except for my friends, I had nothing I could think of to regret
+whatever. Certainly, I should like to have told them the story. But
+then one does not carry folios of paper in running shorts which have
+no pockets, and all my writing gear had gone by the board with the
+komatik.
+
+I could still see a testimonial to myself some distance away in my
+khaki overalls, which I had left on another pan in the struggle of the
+night before. They seemed a kind of company, and would possibly be
+picked up and suggest the true story. Running through my head all the
+time, quite unbidden, were the words of the old hymn:--
+
+    "My God, my Father, while I stray
+    Far from my home on life's dark way,
+    Oh, teach me from my heart to say,
+        Thy will be done!"
+
+It is a hymn we hardly ever sing out here, and it was an unconscious
+memory of my boyhood days.
+
+It was a perfect morning,--a cobalt sky, an ultramarine sea, a golden
+sun, an almost wasteful extravagance of crimson over hills of purest
+snow, which caught a reflected glow from rock and crag. Between me and
+the hills lay miles of rough ice and long veins of thin black slob
+that had formed during the night. For the foreground there was my
+poor, gruesome pan, bobbing up and down on the edge of the open sea,
+stained with blood, and littered with carcasses and debris. It was
+smaller than last night, and I noticed also that the new ice from the
+water melted under the dogs' bodies had been formed at the expense of
+its thickness. Five dogs, myself in colored football costume, and a
+bloody dogskin cloak, with a gay flannel shirt on a pole of frozen
+dogs' legs, completed the picture. The sun was almost hot by now, and
+I was conscious of a surplus of heat in my skin coat. I began to look
+longingly at one of my remaining dogs, for an appetite will rise even
+on an ice-pan, and that made me think of fire. So once again I
+inspected my matches. Alas! the heads were in paste, all but three or
+four blue-top wax ones.
+
+These I now laid out to dry, while I searched about on my snow-pan to
+see if I could get a piece of transparent ice to make a burning-glass.
+For I was pretty sure that with all the unravelled tow I had stuffed
+into my leggings, and with the fat of my dogs, I could make smoke
+enough to be seen if only I could get a light. I had found a piece
+which I thought would do, and had gone back to wave my flag, which I
+did every two minutes, when I suddenly thought I saw again the glitter
+of an oar. It did not seem possible, however, for it must be
+remembered it was not water which lay between me and the land, but
+slob ice, which a mile or two inside me was very heavy. Even if people
+had seen me, I did not think they could get through, though I knew
+that the whole shore would then be trying. Moreover, there was no
+smoke rising on the land to give me hope that I had been seen. There
+had been no gun-flashes in the night, and I felt sure that, had any
+one seen me, there would have been a bonfire on every hill to
+encourage me to keep going.
+
+So I gave it up, and went on with my work. But the next time I went
+back to my flag, the glitter seemed very distinct, and though it kept
+disappearing as it rose and fell on the surface, I kept my eyes
+strained upon it, for my dark spectacles had been lost, and I was
+partly snowblind.
+
+I waved my flag as high as I could raise it, broadside on. At last,
+beside the glint of the white oar, I made out the black streak of the
+hull. I knew that, if the pan held on for another hour, I should be
+all right.
+
+With that strange perversity of the human intellect, the first thing I
+thought of was what trophies I could carry with my luggage from the
+pan, and I pictured the dog-bone flagstaff adorning my study. (The
+dogs actually ate it afterwards.) I thought of preserving my ragged
+puttees with our collection of curiosities. I lost no time now at the
+burning-glass. My whole mind was devoted to making sure I should be
+seen, and I moved about as much as I dared on the raft, waving my
+sorry token aloft.
+
+At last there could be no doubt about it: the boat was getting nearer
+and nearer. I could see that my rescuers were frantically waving,
+and, when they came within shouting distance, I heard some one cry
+out, "Don't get excited. Keep on the pan where you are." They were
+infinitely more excited than I. Already to me it seemed just as
+natural now to be saved as, half an hour before, it had seemed
+inevitable I should be lost, and had my rescuers only known, as I did,
+the sensation of a bath in that ice when you could not dry yourself
+afterwards, they need not have expected me to follow the example of
+the apostle Peter and throw myself into the water.
+
+As the man in the bow leaped from the boat on to my ice raft and
+grasped both my hands in his, not a word was uttered. I could see in
+his face the strong emotions he was trying hard to force back, though
+in spite of himself tears trickled down his cheeks. It was the same
+with each of the others of my rescuers, nor was there any reason to be
+ashamed of them. These were not the emblems of weak sentimentality,
+but the evidences of the realization of the deepest and noblest
+emotion of which the human heart is capable, the vision that God has
+use for us his creatures, the sense of that supreme joy of the
+Christ,--the joy of unselfish service. After the hand-shake and
+swallowing a cup of warm tea that had been thoughtfully packed in a
+bottle, we hoisted in my remaining dogs and started for home. To drive
+the boat home there were not only five Newfoundland fishermen at the
+oars, but five men with Newfoundland muscles in their backs, and five
+as brave hearts as ever beat in the bodies of human beings.
+
+So, slowly but steadily, we forged through to the shore, now jumping
+out on to larger pans and forcing them apart with the oars, now
+hauling the boat out and dragging her over, when the jam of ice packed
+tightly in by the rising wind was impossible to get through otherwise.
+
+My first question, when at last we found our tongues, was, "How ever
+did you happen to be out in the boat in this ice?" To my astonishment
+they told me that the previous night four men had been away on a long
+headland cutting out some dead harp seals that they had killed in the
+fall and left to freeze up in a rough wooden store they had built
+there, and that as they were leaving for home, my pan of ice had
+drifted out clear of Hare Island, and one of them, with his keen
+fisherman's eyes, had seen something unusual. They at once returned to
+their village, saying there was something alive drifting out to sea on
+the floe ice. But their report had been discredited, for the people
+thought that it could be only the top of some tree.
+
+All the time I had been driving along I knew that there was one man on
+that coast who had a good spy-glass. He tells me he instantly got up
+in the midst of his supper, on hearing the news, and hurried over the
+cliffs to the lookout, carrying his trusty spy-glass with him.
+Immediately, dark as it was, he saw that without any doubt there was a
+man out on the ice. Indeed, he saw me wave my hands every now and
+again towards the shore. By a very easy process of reasoning on so
+uninhabited a shore, he at once knew who it was, though some of the
+men argued that it must be some one else. Little had I thought, as
+night was closing in, that away on that snowy hilltop lay a man with a
+telescope patiently searching those miles of ice for _me_. Hastily
+they rushed back to the village and at once went down to try to launch
+a boat, but that proved to be impossible. Miles of ice lay between
+them and me, the heavy sea was hurling great blocks on the landwash,
+and night was already falling, the wind blowing hard on shore.
+
+The whole village was aroused, and messengers were despatched at once
+along the coast, and lookouts told off to all the favorable points,
+so that while I considered myself a laughing-stock, bowing with my
+flag to those unresponsive cliffs, there were really many eyes
+watching me. One man told me that with his glass he distinctly saw me
+waving the shirt flag. There was little slumber that night in the
+villages, and even the men told me there were few dry eyes, as they
+thought of the impossibility of saving me from perishing. We are not
+given to weeping overmuch on this shore, but there are tears that do a
+man honor.
+
+Before daybreak this fine volunteer crew had been gotten together. The
+boat, with such a force behind it of will power, would, I believe,
+have gone through anything. And, after seeing the heavy breakers
+through which we were guided, loaded with their heavy ice
+battering-rams, when at last we ran through the harbor-mouth with the
+boat on our return, I knew well what wives and children had been
+thinking of when they saw their loved ones put out. Only two years ago
+I remember a fisherman's wife watching her husband and three sons take
+out a boat to bring in a stranger that was showing flags for a pilot.
+But the boat and its occupants have not yet come back.
+
+Every soul in the village was on the beach as we neared the shore.
+Every soul was waiting to shake hands when I landed. Even with the
+grip that one after another gave me, some no longer trying to keep
+back the tears, I did not find out my hands were frost-burnt,--a fact
+I have not been slow to appreciate since, however. I must have been a
+weird sight as I stepped ashore, tied up in rags, stuffed out with
+oakum, wrapped in the bloody skins of dogs, with no hat, coat, or
+gloves besides, and only a pair of short knickers. It must have seemed
+to some as if it were the old man of the sea coming ashore.
+
+But no time was wasted before a pot of tea was exactly where I wanted
+it to be, and some hot stew was locating itself where I had intended
+an hour before the blood of one of my remaining dogs should have gone.
+
+Rigged out in the warm garments that fishermen wear, I started with a
+large team as hard as I could race for the hospital, for I had learnt
+that the news had gone over that I was lost. It was soon painfully
+impressed upon me that I could not much enjoy the ride, for I had to
+be hauled like a log up the hills, my feet being frost-burnt so that I
+could not walk. Had I guessed this before going into the house, I
+might have avoided much trouble.
+
+It is time to bring this egotistic narrative to an end. "Jack" lies
+curled up by my feet while I write this short account. "Brin" is once
+again leading and lording it over his fellows. "Doc" and the other
+survivors are not forgotten, now that we have again returned to the
+less romantic episodes of a mission hospital life. There stands in our
+hallway a bronze tablet to the memory of three noble dogs, Moody,
+Watch, and Spy, whose lives were given for mine on the ice. In my
+home in England my brother has placed a duplicate tablet, and has
+added these words, "Not one of them is forgotten before your Father
+which is in heaven." And this I most fully believe to be true. The boy
+whose life I was intent on saving was brought to the hospital a day or
+two later in a boat, the ice having cleared off the coast not to
+return for that season. He was operated on successfully, and is even
+now on the high road to recovery. We all love life. I was glad to be
+back once more with possibly a new lease of it before me. I had
+learned on the pan many things, but chiefly that the one cause for
+regret, when we look back on a life which we think is closed forever,
+will be the fact that we have wasted its opportunities. As I went to
+sleep that first night there still rang in my ears the same verse of
+the old hymn which had been my companion on the ice, "Thy will, not
+mine, O Lord."
+
+  [Illustration: MEMORIAL TABLET AT ST. ANTHONY'S HOSPITAL,
+     NEWFOUNDLAND]
+
+      +----------------------------------------+
+      |            TO THE MEMORY OF            |
+      |           THREE NOBLE DOGS.            |
+      |                                        |
+      |                 MOODY.                 |
+      |                 WATCH.                 |
+      |                  SPY.                  |
+      |                                        |
+      |         WHOSE LIVES WERE GIVEN         |
+      |          FOR MINE ON THE ICE.          |
+      |                                        |
+      |           April 21st. 1908.            |
+      |                                        |
+      |           WILFRED GRENFELL,            |
+      |              ST. ANTHONY.              |
+      |                                        |
+      +----------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+One of Dr. Grenfell's volunteer helpers, Miss Luther of Providence,
+R.I., contributes the following account of the rescue as recited in
+the Newfoundland vernacular by one of the rescuing party.
+
+"One day, about a week after Dr. Grenfell's return," says Miss Luther,
+"two men came in from Griquet, fifteen miles away. They had walked all
+that distance, though the trail was heavy with soft snow and they
+often sank to their waists and waded through brooks and ponds. 'We
+just felt we must see the doctor and tell him what 't would 'a' meant
+to us, if he'd been lost.' Perhaps nothing but the doctor's own tale
+could be more graphic than what was told by George Andrews, one of the
+crew who rescued him."
+
+
+THE RESCUERS' STORY
+
+"It was wonderfu' bad weather that Monday mornin'. Th' doctor was to
+Lock's Cove. None o' we thought o' 'is startin' out. I don't think th'
+doctor hisself thought o' goin' at first an' then 'e sent th' two men
+on ahead for to meet us at th' tilt an' said like 's 'e was goin'
+after all.
+
+"'Twas even' when us knew 'e was on th' ice. George Davis seen un
+first. 'E went to th' cliff to look for seal. It was after sunset an'
+half dark, but 'e thought 'e saw somethin' on th' ice an' 'e ran for
+George Read an' 'e got 'is spy-glass an' made out a man an' dogs on a
+pan an' knowed it war th' doctor.
+
+"It was too dark fur we t' go t' un, but us never slept at all, all
+night. I couldn' sleep. Us watched th' wind an' knew if it didn' blow
+too hard us could get un,--though 'e was then three mile off a'ready.
+So us waited for th' daylight. No one said who was goin' out in th'
+boat. Un 'ud say, 'Is you goin'?' An' another, 'Is you?' I didn' say,
+but I knowed what I'd do.
+
+"As soon as 'twas light us went to th' cliff wi' th' spy-glass to see
+if us could see un, but thar warn't nothin' in sight. Us know by the
+wind whar t' look fur un, an' us launched th' boat. George Read an'
+'is two sons, an' George Davis, what seen un first, an' me, was th'
+crew. George Read was skipper-man an' th' rest was just youngsters.
+The sun was warm,--you mind 'twas a fine mornin',--an' us started in
+our shirt an' braces fur us knowed thar'd be hard work to do. I knowed
+thar was a chance o' not comin' back at all, but it didn' make no
+difference. I knowed I'd as good a chance as any, _an' 'twa' for th'
+doctor, an' 'is life's worth many_, an' somehow I couldn' let a man go
+out like dat wi'out tryin' fur un, an' I think us all felt th' same.
+
+"Us 'ad a good strong boat an' four oars, an' took a hot kettle o' tea
+an' food for a week, for us thought u'd 'ave t' go far an' p'rhaps
+lose th' boat an' 'ave t' walk ashore un th' ice. I din' 'ope to find
+the doctor alive an' kept lookin' for a sign of un on th' pans. 'Twa'
+no' easy gettin' to th' pans wi' a big sea runnin'! Th' big pans 'ud
+sometimes heave together an' near crush th' boat, an' sometimes us 'ad
+t' git out an' haul her over th' ice t' th' water again. Then us come
+t' th' slob ice where th' pan 'ad ground together, an' 'twas all
+thick, an' that was worse'n any. Us saw th' doctor about twenty
+minutes afore us got t' un. 'E was wavin' 'is flag an' I seen 'im. 'E
+was on a pan no bigger'n this flor, an' I dunno what ever kep' un fro'
+goin' abroad, for 'twasn't ice, 'twas packed snow. Th' pan was away
+from even th' slob, floatin' by hisself, an' th' open water all roun',
+an' 'twas just across fro' Goose Cove, an' outside o' that there'd
+been no hope. I think th' way th' pan held together was on account o'
+th' dogs' bodies meltin' it an' 't froze hard durin' th' night. 'E
+was level with th' water an' th' sea washin' over us all th' time.
+
+"When us got near un, it didn' seem like 'twas th' doctor. 'E looked
+so old an' 'is face such a queer color. 'E was very solemn-like when
+us took un an' th' dogs on th' boat. No un felt like sayin' much, an'
+'e 'ardly said nothin' till us gave un some tea an' loaf an' then 'e
+talked. I s'pose e was sort o' faint-like. Th' first thing 'e said
+was, how wonderfu' sorry 'e was o' gettin' into such a mess an' givin'
+we th' trouble o' comin' out for un. Us tol' un not to think o' that;
+us was glad to do it for un, an' 'e'd done it for any one o' we, many
+times over if 'e 'ad th' chance;--an' so 'e would. An' then 'e
+fretted about th' b'y 'e was goin' to see, it bein' too late to reach
+un, an' us tol' un 'is life was worth so much more 'n th' b'y, fur 'e
+could save others an' th' b'y couldn'. But 'e still fretted.
+
+"'E 'ad ripped th' dog-harnesses an' stuffed th' oakum in th' legs o'
+'is pants to keep un warm. 'E showed it to we. An' 'e cut off th' tops
+o' 'is boots to keep th' draught from 'is back. 'E must 'a' worked
+'ard all night. 'E said 'e droled off once or twice, but th' night
+seemed wonderfu' long.
+
+"Us took un off th' pan at about half-past seven, an' 'ad a 'ard fight
+gettin' in, th' sea still runnin' 'igh. 'E said 'e was proud to see us
+comin' for un, and so 'e might, for it grew wonderfu' cold in th' day
+and th' sea so 'igh the pan couldn' 'a' lived outside. 'E wouldn'
+stop when us got ashore, but must go right on, an' when 'e 'ad dry
+clothes an' was a bit warm, us sent un to St. Anthony with a team.
+
+"Th' next night, an' for nights after, I couldn' sleep. I'd keep
+seein' that man standin' on th' ice, an' I'd be sorter half-awake
+like, sayin', 'But not th' doctor. Sure _not_ th' _doctor_.'"
+
+There was silence for a few moments, and George Andrews looked out
+across the blue harbor to the sea.
+
+"'E sent us watches an' spy-glasses," said he, "an' pictures o'
+hisself that one o' you took o' un, made large an' in a frame. George
+Read an' me 'ad th' watches an' th' others 'ad th' spy-glasses. 'Ere's
+th' watch. It 'as 'In memory o' April 21st' on it, but us don't need
+th' things to make we remember it, tho' we 're wonderful glad t' 'ave
+'em from th' doctor."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+  The Riverside Press
+
+  CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS
+
+  U.S.A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Adrift on an Ice-Pan, by Wilfred T. Grenfell
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN ***
+
+***** This file should be named 19044.txt or 19044.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/0/4/19044/
+
+Produced by A www.PGDP.net Volunteer, Jeannie Howse, Jessica
+Gockley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+
diff --git a/19044.zip b/19044.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd31e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/19044.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64f7a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #19044 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19044)