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diff --git a/old/19040-0.txt b/old/19040-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ef67774..0000000 --- a/old/19040-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,571 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Takáts Sándor Szalai Barkóczy Krisztina -1671-1724 czímû könyvének ismertetése, by Angyal Dávid - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Takáts Sándor Szalai Barkóczy Krisztina 1671-1724 czímû könyvének ismertetése - -Author: Angyal Dávid - -Release Date: August 14, 2006 [EBook #19040] - -Language: Hungarian - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAKÁTS SÁNDOR SZALAI *** - - - - -Produced by Tamás Róth - - - - - TAKÁTS SÁNDOR - SZALAI BARKÓCZY KRISZTINA - 1671-1724 - CZÍMŰ KÖNYVÉNEK - ISMERTETÉSE - - IRTA - - Dr ANGYAL DÁVID - EGYETEMI NYILV. R. TANÁR - -Különlenyomat a «Budapesti Szemle» 1911 június havi füzetéből - - BUDAPEST - - 1911 - - TAKÁTS SÁNDOR - SZALAI BARKÓCZY KRISZTINA - 1671-1724 - CZÍMŰ KÖNYVÉNEK - ISMERTETÉSE - - IRTA - - Dr ANGYAL DÁVID - EGYETEMI NYILV. R. TANÁR - -Különlenyomat a «Budapesti Szemle» 1911 június havi füzetéből - - BUDAPEST - - 1911 - - -FRANKLIN-TÁRSULAT NYOMDÁJA. - -Ismeretes, hogy Takáts Sándor mindig kiadatlan forrásokból meríti -tárczáit, tanulmányait és könyveit. - -És nemcsak anyaga új, hanem előadásának módja is eredeti s érdeket -keltő. De most nem írói egyéniségével, hanem könyvével akarunk -foglalkozni. - -Ez a könyv új képpel gyarapítja történetünk arczképcsarnokát. Szalai -Barkóczy Krisztina neve csak mellékesen volt eddig említve -történetünkben, most koporsójából kikél» és el kell ismernünk, hogy -nevét együtt kell említenünk Zrínyi Ilonával, Lórántffy Zsuzsannával s -Teleki Mihály anyjával. - -Az eltünt magyar világ nagy asszonyai közé tartozik, a kik női -hivatásukat ép annyi erélylyel, mint okossággal és gyöngédséggel -töltötték be. Nincs semmi kérkedés bennük, szeretnek ós szerettetnek, -férjeikért és gyermekeikért élnek, kitünő gazdasszonyok, de a közélet -iránt is van érzékök. Nem idegesek, ha a szükség kivánja, fegyverrel -is megvédelmezik birtokukat és sokszor jó tanácscsal szolgálnak a -közéletben elfoglalt férjeiknek. A régiek--mint Takátstól tudjuk--azt -mondották az ilyen asszonyokról, hogy «jámbor asszony, jó nemzet!» - -Pedig Barkóczy Krisztina labancz családból származott, de az ő -családjában a királyhűség a magyar érzéssel és szokásokkal jól -megfért. Mint férjének hű társa, kivette részét a nagy kurucz -felkelésből is. Tisztelte, nagyra becsülte Rákóczit, a «nagyságos -fejedelmet»; ő is remélte egy ideig, hogy Rákóczi vezérlete alatt a -magyar megszabadulhat a német uralomtól. Bemélte és óhajtotta ezt nem -csupán férje előmeneteléért, nem csupán a régi magyar rendi világ -feltámasztása érdekében, hanem a magyar nép kedvéért is, mely a XVII. -század végén az idegen uralom alatt kétségbeejtő' helyzetbe jutott. -Mert Barkóczy Krisztina szerette a népet, sajnálta és gyámolította -nyomorában, a katholikust jobban szerette, mint a protestánst, de -senkit sem üldözött vallásáért, még a zsidókat is pártolta. Az idegent -sem nézte le, a német rabokkal is jól bánt, igazi vallásos érzésből -merítette a türelmet mások iránt, a kötelességérzetet, munkakedvet és -a szerénységgel párosult jóindulatot. Szerette a tanultságot, maga is -olvasgatott, örült, ha tudós emberrel társaloghatott, előmozdította az -irodalmi munkásságot, az iskolai nevelést. - -Midőn politikai reményeiben csalódott, jól esett lelkének, hogy -szeretett férje szerezte meg az országnak a békességet. De az új német -világban Barkóczy Krisztina a régi maradt. Segített férjének a -gazdaságban, az idegenek telepítésében, a kiknek utódjai a magyarság -számát és erejét gyarapították, és hű magyaroknak nevelte gyermekeit. -Leánya, gróf Hallerné Károlyi Klára, anyja szellemében írja -gyermekeiről, délekben és ruhában magyarok maradjanak, az a fő, hogy -jó erkölcsük legyen, mert ezen gyökérből kormányozhatják teljes -életüket». Ilyen magyar anyát nevelt Barkóczy Krisztina, annak a -Károlyi Sándornak imádott hitvese, a kit a mi történetírásunk még most -is oly méltatlan vádakkal illet. - -És itt Károlyi Sándorra kell áttérnünk, mert beszélhetnénk-e a jó -feleségről méltóan, ha férje pályáját nem érintenők? - -Takáts Sándor mellékesen, de nyomós érvekkel száll síkra Károlyi -Sándor jó hírnevéért. Érvei nyomósak, mert új, vagy figyelembe nem -vett adatokra támaszkodhatik. - -Megállapítja, hogy Károlyi Sándor átpártolását Rákóczi ügyéhez a -dolhai győzelem után nem épen személyes okokból kell magyaráznunk. -Károlyi jó hazafi volt, az országon is akart segíteni, mikor a dolhai -csata után Bécsbe ment s mikor Bécsből visszatért, az országra is -gondolt, nem csupán a maga személyére, mikor a parasztlázadábból -országossá vált felkeléshez csatlakozott. Nem szabad két külön -mértékkel mérnünk egyrészt Károlyi, másrészt Rákóczi és Bercsényi -viselkedését. Az som igaz, hogy Károlyi kincseket gyűjtött a -Rákóczi-felkelés idején. Ezt a mesét Takáts Sándor Károlyi Sándor -vagyoni viszonyainak ismertetésével czáfolja meg. - -Még jelentékenyebb az, a mit szerzőnk a szatmári békéről ír. E sokat -vitatott kérdés Takáts könyvében szerintünk el van döntve. Szerzőnk a -Károlyi család levéltárából vett adatokkal jellemzi az ország -nyomorúlt állapotát a nagy kurucz-felkelés vége felé. Tudtuk eddig is, -hogy siralmas volt ez állapot. Tudtuk eddig is, hogy a szegénység, a -mely az idegen kormányrendszertől zaklatva fegyvert fogott és -hazahívta Rákóczit Lengyelországból, már 1707 táján csalódva fordult -el a felkelés ügyétől. De nem tudtuk azt, hogy Rákóczi kormányzata ez -időtájt már úgy bánt a néppel, mint I. Lipót katonái annak idején, sőt -néha talán rosszabbul is. Máramarosmegye 1708 augusztus 2-ikán írja -Károlyi Sándornak, «annyira jutottak már szegény lakósink, hogy meg -nem adhatván quantumikat, executioval mennek tiszteink és merő -tirannusi formában füstre köttetvén az lakósokat, félholtan bocsátják -el, mégis semmit sem vehetnek rajtok». Az a mozgalom, mely a -jobbágyokon így akarja a küzdelemre szükséges adót behajtani, többé -nem nevezhető nemzetinek és elvesztette jogosultságát. Ezt bátran -állíthatjuk, mert ezzel nem tagadtuk Rákóczi fölkelésének szükséges -voltát és nem tagadtuk azt, hogy Rákóczi nemes optimismussal és ritka -nagylelküséggel töltötte be történeti hivatását. - -Nem az a baj, hogy Károlyi megkötötte a szatmári békét, hanem az, hogy -nem köthette meg hamarább. - -Takáts kimutatta, hogy Károlyi a szatmári békéért nem kapott -birtokokat, mint Thaly hirdette. Csak 100,000 forint grationalét -igértek neki, a miből azonban III. Károly király 1713-ban csak -ötvenezret határozott Károlyinak, és ennek fejében meghagyta -birtokában az erdődi uradalmat, a melyért Károlyi Sándor már 1707 ben -Rákóczinak 2000 aranyat fizetett, vagyis az uradalomnak akkori teljes -értékét. A mai felfogáshoz szokott írók megütköznek a pénzadományon. -Pedig az adomány kérdése mellékes. Az a kérdés, szükséges volt-e a -béke vagy nem? Mi volt a fontosabb, az-e, hogy Károlyi a maga és -családja vesztével hazájából kibujdosva lovagias hűséget mutasson -Rákóczi iránt, vagy az, hogy az elpusztult ország minél hamarább -nyugalomhoz jusson és újra gyarapodjék? Az a grationale szokásos volt -akkor, nyíltan kérték, nem titkolták. Körülbelül a rendjellel, vagy -valamely magas hivatallal való kitüntetésnek felelt meg. Nem phrasis -az, hogy Károlyinak e pénzt «költségei fejében» igérték. Károlyi -Sándor életrajza még nincs megírva, nagy érdemei és egyéniségének -érdesebb sajátságai még nincsenek kellőkép megvilágítva. De a szatmári -«árulás» meséjét végre valahára el kell dobnunk. - -Károlyi nagy úrrá lett a szatmári béke után, de Barkóczy Krisztinát a -fény nem kápráztatta. Szinte sokallotta a nagy czímeket és hatáskört, -a családi vagyon gondozása, gyermekeinek nevelése, a maga kisebb -körében a jótékony és hasznos működés volt az igazi boldogsága. -Szívbaja sokáig kínozta, de ő keveset panaszkodott és mindvégig -fáradozott családja és gazdasága körül. Végrendeletében vagyonát három -részre osztotta. Az első részt a bátori minoritáknak és a nagykárolyi -piaristáknak, a másik részt fiának, a harmadikat leányának hagyta. -Károlyi Sándor elrendelte, hogy Barkóczy Krisztina halála évfordulóján -a szegényeknek alamizsnát osszanak, ételt-italt adjanak és a -templomokban istentiszteletet tartsanak. A míg Károlyi Sándor és fia a -derék Ferencz élt, a jó asszony halála napját ilyen hozzá méltó módon -ünnepelték meg. - -Nagyon szeretnők, ha Barkóczy Krisztina levelei minél hamarább -megjelennének. Ez a gyűjtemény rövid életrajzi bevezetéssel és a -szükséges jegyzetekkel, bizonyára érdekes olvasmány lesz. Mert -Barkóczy Krisztina szép leveleket írt, a nélkül, hogy nagyon -törekedett volna a «szép» stílusra, csak épen a lelke tükröződik -leveleiben. Nevét föl kell vennünk a magyar levélírók sorába. Takáts -Sándornak pedig köszönettel tartozunk, hogy multunk e kiválóságát -megmentette a feledéstől. - - * * * * * - -FRANKLIN-TÁRSULAT NYOMDÁJA. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Takáts Sándor Szalai Barkó -zy Krisztina 1671-1724 czím, by Angyal Dávid - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAKÁTS SÁNDOR SZALAI *** - -***** This file should be named 19040-0.txt or 19040-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/0/4/19040/ - -Produced by Tamás Róth - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - http://www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/19040-0.zip b/old/19040-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 4add367..0000000 --- a/old/19040-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/19040-8.txt b/old/19040-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c22708d..0000000 --- a/old/19040-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,566 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Takts Sndor Szalai Barkczy Krisztina -1671-1724 czm knyvnek ismertetse, by Angyal Dvid - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Takts Sndor Szalai Barkczy Krisztina 1671-1724 czm knyvnek ismertetse - -Author: Angyal Dvid - -Release Date: August 14, 2006 [EBook #19040] - -Language: Hungarian - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-2 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAKTS SNDOR SZALAI *** - - - -Produced by Tams Rth - - - - - TAKTS SNDOR - SZALAI BARKCZY KRISZTINA - 1671-1724 - CZM KNYVNEK - ISMERTETSE - - IRTA - - Dr ANGYAL DVID - EGYETEMI NYILV. R. TANR - -Klnlenyomat a <<Budapesti Szemle>> 1911 jnius havi fzetbl - - BUDAPEST - - 1911 - - TAKTS SNDOR - SZALAI BARKCZY KRISZTINA - 1671-1724 - CZM KNYVNEK - ISMERTETSE - - IRTA - - Dr ANGYAL DVID - EGYETEMI NYILV. R. TANR - -Klnlenyomat a <<Budapesti Szemle>> 1911 jnius havi fzetbl - - BUDAPEST - - 1911 - - -FRANKLIN-TRSULAT NYOMDJA. - -Ismeretes, hogy Takts Sndor mindig kiadatlan forrsokbl merti -trczit, tanulmnyait s knyveit. - -s nemcsak anyaga j, hanem eladsnak mdja is eredeti s rdeket -kelt. De most nem ri egynisgvel, hanem knyvvel akarunk -foglalkozni. - -Ez a knyv j kppel gyaraptja trtnetnk arczkpcsarnokt. Szalai -Barkczy Krisztina neve csak mellkesen volt eddig emltve -trtnetnkben, most koporsjbl kikl>> s el kell ismernnk, hogy -nevt egytt kell emltennk Zrnyi Ilonval, Lrntffy Zsuzsannval s -Teleki Mihly anyjval. - -Az eltnt magyar vilg nagy asszonyai kz tartozik, a kik ni -hivatsukat p annyi erlylyel, mint okossggal s gyngdsggel -tltttk be. Nincs semmi krkeds bennk, szeretnek s szerettetnek, -frjeikrt s gyermekeikrt lnek, kitn gazdasszonyok, de a kzlet -irnt is van rzkk. Nem idegesek, ha a szksg kivnja, fegyverrel -is megvdelmezik birtokukat s sokszor j tancscsal szolglnak a -kzletben elfoglalt frjeiknek. A rgiek--mint Taktstl tudjuk--azt -mondottk az ilyen asszonyokrl, hogy <<jmbor asszony, j nemzet!>> - -Pedig Barkczy Krisztina labancz csaldbl szrmazott, de az -csaldjban a kirlyhsg a magyar rzssel s szoksokkal jl -megfrt. Mint frjnek h trsa, kivette rszt a nagy kurucz -felkelsbl is. Tisztelte, nagyra becslte Rkczit, a <<nagysgos -fejedelmet>>; is remlte egy ideig, hogy Rkczi vezrlete alatt a -magyar megszabadulhat a nmet uralomtl. Bemlte s hajtotta ezt nem -csupn frje elmenetelrt, nem csupn a rgi magyar rendi vilg -feltmasztsa rdekben, hanem a magyar np kedvrt is, mely a XVII. -szzad vgn az idegen uralom alatt ktsgbeejt' helyzetbe jutott. -Mert Barkczy Krisztina szerette a npet, sajnlta s gymoltotta -nyomorban, a katholikust jobban szerette, mint a protestnst, de -senkit sem ldztt vallsrt, mg a zsidkat is prtolta. Az idegent -sem nzte le, a nmet rabokkal is jl bnt, igazi vallsos rzsbl -mertette a trelmet msok irnt, a ktelessgrzetet, munkakedvet s -a szernysggel prosult jindulatot. Szerette a tanultsgot, maga is -olvasgatott, rlt, ha tuds emberrel trsaloghatott, elmozdtotta az -irodalmi munkssgot, az iskolai nevelst. - -Midn politikai remnyeiben csaldott, jl esett lelknek, hogy -szeretett frje szerezte meg az orszgnak a bkessget. De az j nmet -vilgban Barkczy Krisztina a rgi maradt. Segtett frjnek a -gazdasgban, az idegenek teleptsben, a kiknek utdjai a magyarsg -szmt s erejt gyaraptottk, s h magyaroknak nevelte gyermekeit. -Lenya, grf Hallern Krolyi Klra, anyja szellemben rja -gyermekeirl, dlekben s ruhban magyarok maradjanak, az a f, hogy -j erklcsk legyen, mert ezen gykrbl kormnyozhatjk teljes -letket>>. Ilyen magyar anyt nevelt Barkczy Krisztina, annak a -Krolyi Sndornak imdott hitvese, a kit a mi trtnetrsunk mg most -is oly mltatlan vdakkal illet. - -s itt Krolyi Sndorra kell ttrnnk, mert beszlhetnnk-e a j -felesgrl mltan, ha frje plyjt nem rintenk? - -Takts Sndor mellkesen, de nyoms rvekkel szll skra Krolyi -Sndor j hrnevrt. rvei nyomsak, mert j, vagy figyelembe nem -vett adatokra tmaszkodhatik. - -Megllaptja, hogy Krolyi Sndor tprtolst Rkczi gyhez a -dolhai gyzelem utn nem pen szemlyes okokbl kell magyarznunk. -Krolyi j hazafi volt, az orszgon is akart segteni, mikor a dolhai -csata utn Bcsbe ment s mikor Bcsbl visszatrt, az orszgra is -gondolt, nem csupn a maga szemlyre, mikor a parasztlzadbbl -orszgoss vlt felkelshez csatlakozott. Nem szabad kt kln -mrtkkel mrnnk egyrszt Krolyi, msrszt Rkczi s Bercsnyi -viselkedst. Az som igaz, hogy Krolyi kincseket gyjttt a -Rkczi-felkels idejn. Ezt a mest Takts Sndor Krolyi Sndor -vagyoni viszonyainak ismertetsvel czfolja meg. - -Mg jelentkenyebb az, a mit szerznk a szatmri bkrl r. E sokat -vitatott krds Takts knyvben szerintnk el van dntve. Szerznk a -Krolyi csald levltrbl vett adatokkal jellemzi az orszg -nyomorlt llapott a nagy kurucz-felkels vge fel. Tudtuk eddig is, -hogy siralmas volt ez llapot. Tudtuk eddig is, hogy a szegnysg, a -mely az idegen kormnyrendszertl zaklatva fegyvert fogott s -hazahvta Rkczit Lengyelorszgbl, mr 1707 tjn csaldva fordult -el a felkels gytl. De nem tudtuk azt, hogy Rkczi kormnyzata ez -idtjt mr gy bnt a nppel, mint I. Lipt katoni annak idejn, st -nha taln rosszabbul is. Mramarosmegye 1708 augusztus 2-ikn rja -Krolyi Sndornak, <<annyira jutottak mr szegny laksink, hogy meg -nem adhatvn quantumikat, executioval mennek tiszteink s mer -tirannusi formban fstre kttetvn az laksokat, flholtan bocstjk -el, mgis semmit sem vehetnek rajtok>>. Az a mozgalom, mely a -jobbgyokon gy akarja a kzdelemre szksges adt behajtani, tbb -nem nevezhet nemzetinek s elvesztette jogosultsgt. Ezt btran -llthatjuk, mert ezzel nem tagadtuk Rkczi flkelsnek szksges -voltt s nem tagadtuk azt, hogy Rkczi nemes optimismussal s ritka -nagylelksggel tlttte be trtneti hivatst. - -Nem az a baj, hogy Krolyi megkttte a szatmri bkt, hanem az, hogy -nem kthette meg hamarbb. - -Takts kimutatta, hogy Krolyi a szatmri bkrt nem kapott -birtokokat, mint Thaly hirdette. Csak 100,000 forint grationalt -igrtek neki, a mibl azonban III. Kroly kirly 1713-ban csak -tvenezret hatrozott Krolyinak, s ennek fejben meghagyta -birtokban az erddi uradalmat, a melyrt Krolyi Sndor mr 1707 ben -Rkczinak 2000 aranyat fizetett, vagyis az uradalomnak akkori teljes -rtkt. A mai felfogshoz szokott rk megtkznek a pnzadomnyon. -Pedig az adomny krdse mellkes. Az a krds, szksges volt-e a -bke vagy nem? Mi volt a fontosabb, az-e, hogy Krolyi a maga s -csaldja vesztvel hazjbl kibujdosva lovagias hsget mutasson -Rkczi irnt, vagy az, hogy az elpusztult orszg minl hamarbb -nyugalomhoz jusson s jra gyarapodjk? Az a grationale szoksos volt -akkor, nyltan krtk, nem titkoltk. Krlbell a rendjellel, vagy -valamely magas hivatallal val kitntetsnek felelt meg. Nem phrasis -az, hogy Krolyinak e pnzt <<kltsgei fejben>> igrtk. Krolyi -Sndor letrajza mg nincs megrva, nagy rdemei s egynisgnek -rdesebb sajtsgai mg nincsenek kellkp megvilgtva. De a szatmri -<<ruls>> mesjt vgre valahra el kell dobnunk. - -Krolyi nagy rr lett a szatmri bke utn, de Barkczy Krisztint a -fny nem kprztatta. Szinte sokallotta a nagy czmeket s hatskrt, -a csaldi vagyon gondozsa, gyermekeinek nevelse, a maga kisebb -krben a jtkony s hasznos mkds volt az igazi boldogsga. -Szvbaja sokig knozta, de keveset panaszkodott s mindvgig -fradozott csaldja s gazdasga krl. Vgrendeletben vagyont hrom -rszre osztotta. Az els rszt a btori minoritknak s a nagykrolyi -piaristknak, a msik rszt finak, a harmadikat lenynak hagyta. -Krolyi Sndor elrendelte, hogy Barkczy Krisztina halla vforduljn -a szegnyeknek alamizsnt osszanak, telt-italt adjanak s a -templomokban istentiszteletet tartsanak. A mg Krolyi Sndor s fia a -derk Ferencz lt, a j asszony halla napjt ilyen hozz mlt mdon -nnepeltk meg. - -Nagyon szeretnk, ha Barkczy Krisztina levelei minl hamarbb -megjelennnek. Ez a gyjtemny rvid letrajzi bevezetssel s a -szksges jegyzetekkel, bizonyra rdekes olvasmny lesz. Mert -Barkczy Krisztina szp leveleket rt, a nlkl, hogy nagyon -trekedett volna a <<szp>> stlusra, csak pen a lelke tkrzdik -leveleiben. Nevt fl kell vennnk a magyar levlrk sorba. Takts -Sndornak pedig ksznettel tartozunk, hogy multunk e kivlsgt -megmentette a feledstl. - - * * * * * - -FRANKLIN-TRSULAT NYOMDJA. - - - - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAKTS SNDOR SZALAI *** - -***** This file should be named 19040-8.txt or 19040-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/0/4/19040/ - -Produced by Tams Rth - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Takts Sndor Szalai Barkczy Krisztina 1671-1724 czm knyvnek ismertetse - -Author: Angyal Dvid - -Release Date: August 14, 2006 [EBook #19040] - -Language: Hungarian - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-2 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAKTS SNDOR SZALAI *** - - - - -Produced by Tams Rth - - - - - -</pre> - - - -<h2>TAKÁTS SÁNDOR</h2> -<h1>SZALAI BARKÓCZY KRISZTINA</h1> -<h3>1671-1724</h3> -<h4>CZÍMŰ KÖNYVÉNEK</h4> -<h1>ISMERTETÉSE</h1> - -<h4>IRTA</h4> - -<h3>Dr ANGYAL DÁVID</h3> -<h4>EGYETEMI NYILV. R. TANÁR</h4> - -<h5><i>Különlenyomat a «Budapesti Szemle» 1911 június havi füzetéből</i></h5> - -<h4>BUDAPEST</h4> - -<h4>1911</h4> - -<hr style='width: 45%;' /> - -<h2>TAKÁTS SÁNDOR</h2> -<h1>SZALAI BARKÓCZY KRISZTINA</h1> -<h3>1671-1724</h3> -<h4>CZÍMŰ KÖNYVÉNEK</h4> -<h1>ISMERTETÉSE</h1> - -<h4>IRTA</h4> - -<h3>Dr ANGYAL DÁVID</h3> -<h4>EGYETEMI NYILV. R. TANÁR</h4> - -<h5><i>Különlenyomat a «Budapesti Szemle» 1911 június havi füzetéből</i></h5> - -<h4>BUDAPEST</h4> - -<h4>1911</h4> - -<hr style='width: 45%;' /> - -<p>FRANKLIN-TÁRSULAT NYOMDÁJA.</p> - -<hr style='width: 45%;' /> - -<p>Ismeretes, hogy Takáts Sándor mindig kiadatlan forrásokból meríti -tárczáit, tanulmányait és könyveit.</p> - -<p>És nemcsak anyaga új, hanem előadásának módja is eredeti s érdeket -keltő. De most nem írói egyéniségével, hanem könyvével akarunk -foglalkozni.</p> - -<p>Ez a könyv új képpel gyarapítja történetünk arczképcsarnokát. Szalai -Barkóczy Krisztina neve csak mellékesen volt eddig említve -történetünkben, most koporsójából kikél» és el kell ismernünk, hogy -nevét együtt kell említenünk Zrínyi Ilonával, Lórántffy Zsuzsannával s -Teleki Mihály anyjával.</p> - -<p>Az eltünt magyar világ nagy asszonyai közé tartozik, a kik női -hivatásukat ép annyi erélylyel, mint okossággal és gyöngédséggel -töltötték be. Nincs semmi kérkedés bennük, szeretnek ós szerettetnek, -férjeikért és gyermekeikért élnek, kitünő gazdasszonyok, de a közélet -iránt is van érzékök. Nem idegesek, ha a szükség kivánja, fegyverrel -is megvédelmezik birtokukat és sokszor jó tanácscsal szolgálnak a -közéletben elfoglalt férjeiknek. A régiek—mint Takátstól tudjuk—azt -mondották az ilyen asszonyokról, hogy «jámbor asszony, jó nemzet!»</p> - -<p>Pedig Barkóczy Krisztina labancz családból származott, de az ő -családjában a királyhűség a magyar érzéssel és szokásokkal jól -megfért. Mint férjének hű társa, kivette részét a nagy kurucz -felkelésből is. Tisztelte, nagyra becsülte Rákóczit, a «nagyságos -fejedelmet»; ő is remélte egy ideig, hogy Rákóczi vezérlete alatt a -magyar megszabadulhat a német uralomtól. Bemélte és óhajtotta ezt nem -csupán férje előmeneteléért, nem csupán a régi magyar rendi világ -feltámasztása érdekében, hanem a magyar nép kedvéért is, mely a XVII. -század végén az idegen uralom alatt kétségbeejtő' helyzetbe jutott. -Mert Barkóczy Krisztina szerette a népet, sajnálta és gyámolította -nyomorában, a katholikust jobban szerette, mint a protestánst, de -senkit sem üldözött vallásáért, még a zsidókat is pártolta. Az idegent -sem nézte le, a német rabokkal is jól bánt, igazi vallásos érzésből -merítette a türelmet mások iránt, a kötelességérzetet, munkakedvet és -a szerénységgel párosult jóindulatot. Szerette a tanultságot, maga is -olvasgatott, örült, ha tudós emberrel társaloghatott, előmozdította az -irodalmi munkásságot, az iskolai nevelést.</p> - -<p>Midőn politikai reményeiben csalódott, jól esett lelkének, hogy -szeretett férje szerezte meg az országnak a békességet. De az új német -világban Barkóczy Krisztina a régi maradt. Segített férjének a -gazdaságban, az idegenek telepítésében, a kiknek utódjai a magyarság -számát és erejét gyarapították, és hű magyaroknak nevelte gyermekeit. -Leánya, gróf Hallerné Károlyi Klára, anyja szellemében írja -gyermekeiről, délekben és ruhában magyarok maradjanak, az a fő, hogy -jó erkölcsük legyen, mert ezen gyökérből kormányozhatják teljes -életüket». Ilyen magyar anyát nevelt Barkóczy Krisztina, annak a -Károlyi Sándornak imádott hitvese, a kit a mi történetírásunk még most -is oly méltatlan vádakkal illet.</p> - -<p>És itt Károlyi Sándorra kell áttérnünk, mert beszélhetnénk-e a jó -feleségről méltóan, ha férje pályáját nem érintenők?</p> - -<p>Takáts Sándor mellékesen, de nyomós érvekkel száll síkra Károlyi -Sándor jó hírnevéért. Érvei nyomósak, mert új, vagy figyelembe nem -vett adatokra támaszkodhatik.</p> - -<p>Megállapítja, hogy Károlyi Sándor átpártolását Rákóczi ügyéhez a -dolhai győzelem után nem épen személyes okokból kell magyaráznunk. -Károlyi jó hazafi volt, az országon is akart segíteni, mikor a dolhai -csata után Bécsbe ment s mikor Bécsből visszatért, az országra is -gondolt, nem csupán a maga személyére, mikor a parasztlázadábból -országossá vált felkeléshez csatlakozott. Nem szabad két külön -mértékkel mérnünk egyrészt Károlyi, másrészt Rákóczi és Bercsényi -viselkedését. Az som igaz, hogy Károlyi kincseket gyűjtött a -Rákóczi-felkelés idején. Ezt a mesét Takáts Sándor Károlyi Sándor -vagyoni viszonyainak ismertetésével czáfolja meg.</p> - -<p>Még jelentékenyebb az, a mit szerzőnk a szatmári békéről ír. E sokat -vitatott kérdés Takáts könyvében szerintünk el van döntve. Szerzőnk a -Károlyi család levéltárából vett adatokkal jellemzi az ország -nyomorúlt állapotát a nagy kurucz-felkelés vége felé. Tudtuk eddig is, -hogy siralmas volt ez állapot. Tudtuk eddig is, hogy a szegénység, a -mely az idegen kormányrendszertől zaklatva fegyvert fogott és -hazahívta Rákóczit Lengyelországból, már 1707 táján csalódva fordult -el a felkelés ügyétől. De nem tudtuk azt, hogy Rákóczi kormányzata ez -időtájt már úgy bánt a néppel, mint I. Lipót katonái annak idején, sőt -néha talán rosszabbul is. Máramarosmegye 1708 augusztus 2-ikán írja -Károlyi Sándornak, «annyira jutottak már szegény lakósink, hogy meg -nem adhatván quantumikat, executioval mennek tiszteink és merő -tirannusi formában füstre köttetvén az lakósokat, félholtan bocsátják -el, mégis semmit sem vehetnek rajtok». Az a mozgalom, mely a -jobbágyokon így akarja a küzdelemre szükséges adót behajtani, többé -nem nevezhető nemzetinek és elvesztette jogosultságát. Ezt bátran -állíthatjuk, mert ezzel nem tagadtuk Rákóczi fölkelésének szükséges -voltát és nem tagadtuk azt, hogy Rákóczi nemes optimismussal és ritka -nagylelküséggel töltötte be történeti hivatását.</p> - -<p>Nem az a baj, hogy Károlyi megkötötte a szatmári békét, hanem az, hogy -nem köthette meg hamarább.</p> - -<p>Takáts kimutatta, hogy Károlyi a szatmári békéért nem kapott -birtokokat, mint Thaly hirdette. Csak 100,000 forint grationalét -igértek neki, a miből azonban III. Károly király 1713-ban csak -ötvenezret határozott Károlyinak, és ennek fejében meghagyta -birtokában az erdődi uradalmat, a melyért Károlyi Sándor már 1707 ben -Rákóczinak 2000 aranyat fizetett, vagyis az uradalomnak akkori teljes -értékét. A mai felfogáshoz szokott írók megütköznek a pénzadományon. -Pedig az adomány kérdése mellékes. Az a kérdés, szükséges volt-e a -béke vagy nem? Mi volt a fontosabb, az-e, hogy Károlyi a maga és -családja vesztével hazájából kibujdosva lovagias hűséget mutasson -Rákóczi iránt, vagy az, hogy az elpusztult ország minél hamarább -nyugalomhoz jusson és újra gyarapodjék? Az a grationale szokásos volt -akkor, nyíltan kérték, nem titkolták. Körülbelül a rendjellel, vagy -valamely magas hivatallal való kitüntetésnek felelt meg. Nem phrasis -az, hogy Károlyinak e pénzt «költségei fejében» igérték. Károlyi -Sándor életrajza még nincs megírva, nagy érdemei és egyéniségének -érdesebb sajátságai még nincsenek kellőkép megvilágítva. De a szatmári -«árulás» meséjét végre valahára el kell dobnunk.</p> - -<p>Károlyi nagy úrrá lett a szatmári béke után, de Barkóczy Krisztinát a -fény nem kápráztatta. Szinte sokallotta a nagy czímeket és hatáskört, -a családi vagyon gondozása, gyermekeinek nevelése, a maga kisebb -körében a jótékony és hasznos működés volt az igazi boldogsága. -Szívbaja sokáig kínozta, de ő keveset panaszkodott és mindvégig -fáradozott családja és gazdasága körül. Végrendeletében vagyonát három -részre osztotta. Az első részt a bátori minoritáknak és a nagykárolyi -piaristáknak, a másik részt fiának, a harmadikat leányának hagyta. -Károlyi Sándor elrendelte, hogy Barkóczy Krisztina halála évfordulóján -a szegényeknek alamizsnát osszanak, ételt-italt adjanak és a -templomokban istentiszteletet tartsanak. A míg Károlyi Sándor és fia a -derék Ferencz élt, a jó asszony halála napját ilyen hozzá méltó módon -ünnepelték meg.</p> - -<p>Nagyon szeretnők, ha Barkóczy Krisztina levelei minél hamarább -megjelennének. Ez a gyűjtemény rövid életrajzi bevezetéssel és a -szükséges jegyzetekkel, bizonyára érdekes olvasmány lesz. Mert -Barkóczy Krisztina szép leveleket írt, a nélkül, hogy nagyon -törekedett volna a «szép» stílusra, csak épen a lelke tükröződik -leveleiben. Nevét föl kell vennünk a magyar levélírók sorába. Takáts -Sándornak pedig köszönettel tartozunk, hogy multunk e kiválóságát -megmentette a feledéstől.</p> - -<hr style='width: 45%;' /> - -<p>FRANKLIN-TÁRSULAT NYOMDÁJA.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Takts Sndor Szalai Barkczy -Krisztina 1671-1724 czm knyvnek ismertetse, by Angyal Dvid - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAKTS SNDOR SZALAI *** - -***** This file should be named 19040-h.htm or 19040-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/0/4/19040/ - -Produced by Tams Rth - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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