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diff --git a/18878.txt b/18878.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8c75a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/18878.txt @@ -0,0 +1,738 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Highway Transport Commitee Council of +National Defence, Bulletins 1, by US Government + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Highway Transport Commitee Council of National Defence, Bulletin 1 + Return-Loads Bureaus To Save Waste In Transportation + +Author: US Government + +Release Date: July 20, 2006 [EBook #18878] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHWAY TRANSPORT COMMITEE *** + + + + +Produced by Jason Isbell and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +APRIL 2, 1918 BULLETIN NO. 1 + +RETURN-LOADS BUREAUS +TO SAVE WASTE IN TRANSPORTATION + +HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT COMMITTEE +COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE +WASHINGTON, D. C. + +RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE. + +_"The Council of National Defense approves the widest possible use of +the motor truck as a transportation agency, and requests the State +Councils of Defense and other State authorities to take all necessary +steps to facilitate such means of transportation, removing any +regulations that tend to restrict and discourage such use."_ + +WASHINGTON +GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE +1918 + + + + +COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE. +HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT COMMITTEE. +WASHINGTON, D. C. + + + + + +RETURN-LOAD BUREAUS TO SAVE WASTE IN TRANSPORTATION. + + +RELIEF FROM RAILROAD DELAYS AND EMBARGOES. + +Through the cooperation of State Councils of Defense, Chambers of +Commerce, local War Boards, and Motor Clubs, the Council of National +Defense, through its Highways Transport Committee and its State Councils +Section is building up a system for more efficient utilization of the +highways of the country as a means of affording merchants and +manufacturers relief from railroad embargoes and delays due to freight +congestion. + +This system already is in successful operation in Connecticut and is +being extended throughout the country. + +The purpose is to take some of the burden of the short haul off the +railroads and put it on motor trucks operating over the highways. Very +considerable quantities of merchandise and materials of all kinds are +now being carried by trucks operated by private concerns in their own +businesses and by motor express and haulage companies. In a majority of +cases, however, these trucks, after delivering a load, return empty, +whereas there are shippers who would be glad to avail themselves of the +opportunity to send a load back on such a truck to its home town if they +knew it was going back empty. On the other hand, the truck owner would +be equally glad to secure a return load because the charge made for +hauling it would reduce his own haulage cost. + +To bring the shipper and truck owner together serves the interests of +both. It doubles the efficiency of the motor truck, enables business men +to make prompt shipments or secure deliveries in a day instead of +several, relieves the railroads of much short-haul freight, and thereby +releases cars for necessary long-distance haulage of munitions, +equipment, and other supplies for our Army in France, and for +foodstuffs, fuel, etc., for the civilian population at home. + + +CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE BRING SHIPPER AND TRUCK OWNER TOGETHER. + +The logical agency for bringing the two interests together is the local +business men's organization in each locality--the Chamber of Commerce, +Board of Trade, or by whatever name it is known. They are in direct +touch with the manufacturers and merchants in their respective +communities, they know the present difficulties of shipping and they +have the facilities for most quickly and systematically putting the +shipper in touch with the man who has the facility for haulage. + +The method of doing this is by the establishment of a Return-Loads +Bureau--an information department that acts as a clearing house for this +particular purpose. Once initiated, the work of such a bureau can, in +most cities, be carried on by a single employee of the Chamber, probably +in addition to his other duties. If necessary or desirable, a small +charge can be made to the truck owner or the shipper for the service to +cover whatever expense may be involved in starting and maintaining the +bureau. But the plan affords an opportunity to be of such additional +service to members of the organization and to business interests of the +city generally that the increased support which may be gained through it +should offset the cost incurred. Apart from this is the opportunity it +presents to be of patriotic service to our country by increasing its +transportation facilities at a time when the safety of the Nation +depends absolutely upon transportation. + +Shortage of railroad cars and locomotives created a shortage of coal +during the winter. Lack of coal slowed down production of steel, which +in turn delayed ship construction. Insufficient coal for bunkering ships +created a critical congestion of freight in Atlantic port terminals and +in railroad yards hundreds of miles inland. A certain part of this +congestion was due to short-haul shipments of freight within cities and +originating in near-by points, 10, 20, or 50 miles from the cities. Much +of this short-haul freight can be carried on the highways by motor +trucks. It can be picked up at the door of the shipper and delivered at +the door of the consignee, entailing only two handlings. It can be +delivered the same day it is shipped, whereas the same shipment by rail +would require several days if not a week or more. And the shipment can +go forward by motor when a rail freight and express embargo precludes +shipment by rail at all. + + +DEPENDABILITY OF MOTOR-TRUCK HAULAGE PROVEN. + +The practicability and dependability of motor-truck haulage not only +within cities but between neighboring cities have been demonstrated +fully. Hundreds of local and intercity motor express lines are in +successful operation in widely scattered sections of the country. The +Return-Load Bureau system has been installed in England, where it is now +considered unpatriotic to run a truck without a load. Manchester, +England, for example, and all the surrounding cities have their +Return-Load Bureaus and have reciprocal arrangements whereby they +exchange information regarding available trucks and loads. Consequently, +any Chamber of Commerce in a city whose merchants are adversely affected +by rail embargoes and delays, freight congestion, or lack of sufficient +and direct rail transportation, and where there is any considerable +number of motor trucks, will not be embarking upon a doubtful experiment +in establishing such a bureau. + + +NO RESPONSIBILITY ASSUMED. + +A Return-loads Bureau can be established by a Chamber of Commerce +without creating any legal liability to the shipper or assuming any +other responsibility. The function pure and simple is to advise the +shipper where and when a truck can be obtained to haul his goods and to +advise the truck owner where a load can be obtained. It has been found +in England that very often, when such a relationship has been +established between the shipper and the truck owner, an arrangement is +made between them for regular service, and they do not need to call on +the bureau for further assistance, thus lightening the work to be +performed by the Chamber. + +It is left entirely to the shipper and the truck operator to make their +own agreement as to the rate to be paid for haulage, liability of the +truck owner or driver for safety of the goods in transit, and so forth. +It is expected, however, that the Chamber of Commerce will exercise +reasonable judgment and precaution, inquiring into the reliability of +truck drivers and endeavoring to correct any abuses that may arise. + + +HOW TO START A RETURN-LOADS BUREAU. + +No difficulty and no great amount of work are involved in establishing a +Return-Loads Bureau. All that is necessary is to follow the example of +Connecticut where through the initiative of the State Council of +Defense, Return-Loads Bureaus have been established in 15 cities. The +Council addressed letters to the Chambers of Commerce, inviting their +cooperation in the movement. Return post cards were printed and mailed +to motor-truck owners in the different cities. On the reverse side of +the cards was a brief questionnaire to be filled out by the truck owner +stating whether or not he would carry "back loads" for reasonable +compensation, whether he would rent his truck at full capacity or +partial capacity, number of trucks owned, number of hours a day or days +a week the truck would be available under the return-loads plan, its +capacity in tons, etc. As these reply cards came back, they were filed +in a 3 by 5 card index drawer, arranged by cities and by routes out of +the respective cities. It developed from this canvass that there were in +the 15 cities more than 700 trucks of 1-ton capacity or more available +for such service and that they operated over 49 main routes. + +Names and addresses of truck owners may be obtained from the automobile +registration bureau in the office of the secretary of state or the +commissioner of motor vehicles, as the case may be. + + +DUPLICATE RECORDS IN NEIGHBORING CITIES. + +Duplicates of this master file were furnished by the State Council of +Defense in Connecticut to the Chamber of Commerce in each of the 15 +cities, together with a map showing the location of each Return-Loads +Bureau and all of the truck routes, numbered serially. Thus, the head of +the bureau in each city knows just what trucks are available in the +other cities and the routes over which they operate. + +It is desirable that the State Council of Defense, where one exists, +should indorse this movement, but it is not necessary that the Chamber +of Commerce in any city should wait for it to do so. It is perfectly +feasible for the Chamber to initiate the work itself in its own +community and then propose to similar chambers in neighboring cities to +do likewise and establish an exchange of information. + +Having ascertained what trucks are available for hauling, the next move +is for the Return-Loads Bureau to circularize the merchants, +manufacturers, and other business enterprises in the community, advising +them of the establishment of the bureau and asking them to report to it +whenever they have any goods or materials which they wish to have +hauled, either within the city or to near-by cities or villages. These +reports may be made by telephone or on postal cards. Blank cards of a +size (as 3 by 5 inches) suitable for filing may be supplied to shippers +in quantity by the bureau for the purpose. + + +LIST RETURN-LOADS BUREAU IN TELEPHONE DIRECTORY. + +The telephone company should be asked to list the Return-Loads Bureau +under the title "Return Loads" in the local directory and truck owners +and shippers be notified that by calling "Return Loads" or the telephone +number of the bureau they can learn where a load may be obtained to +carry back to the city from which the truck brought a load or where a +truck can be obtained to carry the goods the shipper desires delivered. + +Publicity should be given in all the local newspapers and in those of +neighboring cities of the establishment of the bureau, so that all +interests may immediately begin making use of the facilities afforded. + +It will be found that there are two classes of business to be handled by +the bureau--regular and irregular. In many cities there are motor +express lines operating on daily schedule over regular routes and there +are shippers who have regular shipments to make. Having brought these +together once, further service of the bureau will be unnecessary so far +as these particular parties are concerned. Then there are many +companies, firms or individuals that own trucks which they use only in +their own business but which stand idle part of the time or which from +time to time deliver a load in a neighboring city and return home empty. +There are also shippers who have depended on the railroad but in +emergency wish to make a quick shipment. It will be necessary to keep a +daily record of these and cross off the truck or the shipment as soon as +it is learned that the truck has gone back to its home city and is no +longer available or the shipment has been completed. + + +INTERCHANGE INFORMATION ON IRREGULAR WORK. + +A system of daily interchange of information regarding this irregular +service should be arranged with bureaus in other cities, so that a truck +operator in Hartford, for example, who has a load to haul to New Haven +can learn from the bureau in Hartford before starting where and on what +day or at what time he can secure a load in New Haven to take back to +Hartford. He may find that by delaying his own shipment a day or by +making it a day earlier he can get a return load, whereas otherwise he +might have to return light. Shippers, therefore, should be urged to give +as much advance notice as possible of shipments they wish to make. + +Within a short time this system will extend to long distances. Recently +a company in New York called up the Chamber of Commerce (before any +Return-Loads Bureau was established there) and stated it intended to +send a motor truck to Vermont to bring back some machinery and wanted to +know where a load could be secured to take to Vermont or at least a +considerable part of the way. Another company called up and said it had +a truck coming from Philadelphia with a load and wanted to get a load +going back. Motor express lines are already operating on daily schedule +between New York and Philadelphia, between Hartford and New York, and +between Boston and Hartford. + +It is the purpose of the Highways Transport Committee to bring about, +just as quickly as possible, the organization of Return-Loads Bureaus in +all the cities where it will be beneficial and to establish reciprocal +relations among them on the plan of the Connecticut system. + + +SECURE COOPERATION OF MOTOR-TRUCK DEALERS. + +Motor-truck dealers can be of great assistance to the Chambers of +Commerce in promoting this movement and in helping to get the bureaus +started. They are in direct touch with truck owners, know the routes +over which trucks are operated, condition of the roads, railroad +shipping difficulties, etc. It is recommended that the Chambers of +Commerce call on them to appoint a representative committee from among +them to cooperate with it. They can furnish a great deal of useful +information and will be a valuable factor in disseminating information +regarding the work of the bureau and making it 100 per cent useful. + + + + +(Copy of a bulletin is reprinted below, which was issued to its members +by the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Riggs Building, +Washington, D. C.) + +MOTOR-TRUCK TRANSPORTATION. + +RETURN-LOAD BUREAU. + + +The motor truck is a part of the transportation equipment in every +community. Its use more nearly to capacity will help solve local +problems. + +More complete use means loads both ways. A motor truck usually carries a +good load to its destination, whether the destination is in the same +community or in another city. Too often, however, the truck makes the +return trip with no load. Every time this occurs there is waste of at +least half the capacity of a truck to do work in transportation. + +Owners of trucks do not wish half the earning power of their vehicles to +be lost. Manufacturers and merchants with goods piled up and awaiting +shipment do not like to see empty trucks pass their doors. Both need a +local clearing house for information about the trucks that are available +and the shipments that are ready--i. e., to bring together loads and +empty trucks. + +Such a clearing house the local commercial organization can easily +provide. It will not ordinarily entail any special expense. It will +promote cooperation in the community. It will render a very real service +for which business men will be thoroughly grateful. + +Return-Load Bureau is a convenient name for a clearing house. The bureau +should ascertain the established lines of trucks that run regularly on +fixed routes and the part of their capacity that is not being utilized. +It should then obtain information from all owners of trucks used for +private hauling, getting statements about the capacity of each truck, +how far its capacity is used, between what points the capacity is +unused, if the unused capacity can be made available for other persons +at a reasonable price, etc. Besides gathering this information the +bureau can make known to everyone that whenever a truck is to make a +trip without a load the bureau will respond to a telephone inquiry by +endeavoring to give the name of a person who wants to send a load over +the route in question. Efforts can be made also to have drivers who +bring loads by truck from other points telephone to the bureau in order +to get return loads. + +At the same time the bureau can enlist the cooperation of business men +who may have shipments to make. + +In order that any driver or other person from out of town may quickly +ascertain if there is a return load for him, each bureau should be +specially listed in the telephone directory. + +With incidental questions the bureau will not usually need to deal. For +example, it can leave the compensation that is to be paid to negotiation +between the parties. + +In England Return-Load Bureaus have proved of great assistance. They +have been most developed in the United States by commercial +organizations in Connecticut. Experience has demonstrated that the +assistance they can render is very real and important, and that they can +be organized advantageously in many communities where they have not as +yet been tried. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Highway Transport Commitee Council of +National Defence, Bulletins 1, by US Government + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHWAY TRANSPORT COMMITEE *** + +***** This file should be named 18878.txt or 18878.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/8/7/18878/ + +Produced by Jason Isbell and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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