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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: July 3, 2006 [EBook #18745]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  _FIVE CENTS._
+
+  THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+  AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    Vol. 2--No. 23,              June 9, 1898.             No. 83.
+  [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+  [Illustration: A
+  WEEKLY
+  NEWSPAPER
+  FOR
+  BOYS AND
+  GIRLS]
+
+  Subscription
+  $1.50 per year
+    .75 6 months
+
+
+      THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBL. CO.
+      NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+  =Copyright, 1898, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Great Round World
+
+Published Every Thursday Throughout the Year
+
+=Single Numbers, 5c. Each=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
+
+          One year, - 52 numbers   $1.50
+          Six months, 26  "          .75
+          Foreign subscriptions     2.25
+
+Numbers are bound up into four parts each year. Charge for binding, 35
+cents a part.
+
+Remittances should be by registered letter, or by check, express-order,
+or postal-order, payable to THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING CO.
+
+No receipts are sent for remittances unless requested. The number on the
+address label represents the number of the paper with which subscription
+will expire.
+
+Ten days' notice should be given of any change of address.
+
+          ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION
+
+          =ADDRESS:=
+
+          Great Round World Publishing Co.
+          =3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At any of the following stores copies and bound volumes of THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD will be found on sale, and subscribers may exchange their
+numbers for bound volumes:
+
+          JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, Pa.
+          W. B. CLARKE & CO., Boston, Mass.
+          J. & R. SIMMS, 123 22d St., Chicago, Ill.
+          WOODWARD & LOTHROP, Washington, D. C.
+          PETER PAUL BOOK CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_=TALK IS CHEAP=_
+
+=DON'T PAY $100 FOR A=
+
+          =TALKING
+          MACHINE=
+
+when you can buy one which for amusement will make the children happy
+and cause the old folks to smile. Complicated machines get out of order.
+
+=$3.50=
+
+[Illustration]
+
+=The United States Talking Machine=
+
+is simple, durable; no parts to break or get out of order. Any child can
+operate it. It is neatly encased in a hard wood box, well finished, size
+8-1/2×11-1/2×3-1/2 inches, with brass hinges and catch; has hearing
+tubes for two persons, one (Berliner's Gramophone) record and
+twenty-five needle points. Price, complete with one Record, (express
+charges prepaid) =$3.50=. Weight 4 lbs. Remit by Bank Draft, Express, or
+Post Office money order. =Agents wanted.=
+
+For terms and particulars address
+
+            =UNITED STATES TALKING MACHINE CO.=
+          =(DEPT. B) 57 E. 9th ST., NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          =Mention...=
+
+          Great
+          Round
+          World
+
+          =When
+          Writing
+          Advertisers...=
+
+
+[Illustration: DO YOU BIKE AT NIGHT?]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          _Send for Our...._
+                  =Premium Catalogue=
+                            _Sent for 2-cent Stamp_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Patriotic Songs=
+
+          =Words and Music=
+          =10 Cents a Copy=
+
+JUST READY
+
+
+_ADDRESS:_
+
+          THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY
+               5 West 18th Street, New York
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Song of Life
+
+          _By MARGARET W. MORLEY. With illustrations
+          of flowers, fishes, frogs, birds, etc., set in the text.
+          12mo, $1.25._
+
+"It describes with artistic delicacy the transmission of that wonderful
+thing called life in both the plant and animal existence. The difficult
+subject is treated with such intelligence and charm of manner that
+children may read it with interest, and parents need have no fear of its
+influence."--_The Chicago Times._
+
+"Something of flower life, something of fish life, of frogs, and of
+birds, and a chapter on human life, form the subjects of this book,--all
+told in the graceful manner of a womanly woman, whose love for nature
+has given her a keener insight into nature's secrets, and a greater
+ability to impart those secrets to others with the ease of face-to-face
+talks than is vouchsafed to many people."--_The Boston Times._
+
+          =SPECIAL--25 copies of this exquisite book at 75 cents each.=
+
+          WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 5 West 18th Street.
+                          New York
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          FOUR TRUE STORIES OF LIFE AND ADVENTURE. By Jessie
+          R. Smith. New York: William Beverley Harison.
+          Price 36 cents, postpaid.
+
+"Four True Stories of Life and Adventure," by Jessie R. Smith. This is a
+book to be read by children, not to them. A child during the years of
+seven and nine is usually hungering for true stories, and some mothers
+and teachers try to meet the demand by reading and telling "true"
+stories to them. This is well and good, but it is clear that if this
+inborn craving could be met by books framed in language of such limited
+vocabulary and construction that so young a child would constantly be
+invited to the story, how valuable it would be. This book is designated
+to meet this end. Less than 750 different words are used in the entire
+series, and these, excepting the necessary geographical names, are all
+in the commonest use among children. The stories are of Columbus,
+Captain John Smith, Miles Standish, Benjamin Franklin. Mothers and
+teachers with children of from seven to nine years of age will give this
+book a hearty welcome--the teachers because the market supply is so
+painfully deficient in this line, and the mothers because it will so
+admirably solve the oft-repeated query of "Mother, what can I do next?"
+It is so well gotten out and still so cheap that it should have a large
+sale.--_Mother's Journal, March, 1898._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'TIS THE SMALL THINGS OF LIFE THAT GIVE PLEASURE
+
+          That's why the
+            "=DUBLEOOK=" Bicycle
+                              Hanger
+                           is PERFECT
+
+          =50c.=
+
+          =FULL NICKELED
+          COMPLETE=
+
+          =EASY= for Cleaning and Storing
+          =SAVES= Tires and Enamel
+          All Running Gear Free
+
+          Of all dealers or postpaid of
+
+          =THE G.W.E. CO., Room 1103, 26 Cortlandt Street, New York=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=BINDING CASE=
+
+To hold loose numbers of the current part of THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD--preventing them from being lost, getting soiled, or scattered.
+May be had in green, red, or blue cloth. =Price, 35 Cents.=
+
+                     ADDRESS
+          =Great Round World Publishing Co.=
+           =5 WEST 18TH STREET, NEW YORK.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LIVING METHOD FOR LEARNING
+
+
+=How to Think in French=
+
+The most successful means yet devised for learning and teaching how to
+SPEAK FRENCH.....
+
+=Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.00=
+
+"I am sure the book will accomplish precisely what is set to be its
+purpose."--=Prof. James W. Bright=, Johns Hopkins University.
+
+"You have done a great and beautiful work in the publication of your
+manuals."--=Bishop John H. Vincent=, Chancellor of Chautauqua.
+
+
+=How to Think in German=
+
+=Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.50=
+
+"As a practical book to aid in quickly acquiring the power of correct
+and fluent speaking of the German language this work has no
+equal."--=Scientific American=, Nov. 11, 1893, p. 316.
+
+
+=How to Think in Spanish=
+
+=Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.50=
+
+"The learner is not obliged to think of rules or of English words when
+he wishes to speak Spanish."--=N. Y. School Journal=, July 14, 1894.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+            =Prof. CH. F. KROEH, Author and Publisher=
+          Stevens Institute of Technology         HOBOKEN, N. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Great Round World
+
+And What Is Going On In It
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Vol. II., No. 23.   JUNE 9, 1898    Whole No. 83
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONTENTS.
+  LATEST NEWS                             774
+  With the Editor                         713
+  Letters                                 714
+  New Books                               715
+  American and Spanish Losses             717
+  Declarations of Neutrality              718
+  Second Call for Volunteers              719
+  Damage to the _Columbia_                719
+  Balloons for War Purposes               720
+  Taking Photographs of Battles           720
+  Use of Kites in War-time                721
+  New Armor-plate Contracts               722
+  Privateers for Spain                    723
+  Hawaii                                  724
+  News from Spain                         724
+  Lieutenant Carranza in Trouble          725
+  News from the Philippines               727
+  Postal Service in War-time              730
+  European Powers and the Philippines     731
+  Cable-Cutting and International Law     732
+  Riots in Italy                          733
+  The Leiter Wheat Deal                   734
+  News from West Africa                   735
+  War News                                736
+  LATEST NEWS                             738
+  The Flag                                742
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: =With the Editor=]
+
+We wish to call our subscribers' attention to our new binders for THE
+GREAT ROUND WORLD. During the past year we have received many requests
+for missing numbers, also suggestions that some sort of cover or holder
+should be supplied, in order that numbers might be kept together,
+constant reference being made to back numbers, the loss of one causing
+much inconvenience. After giving the matter careful study, we have at
+last succeeded in making a handy case, in which the numbers as issued
+may be inserted. This case is strongly bound in cloth, with a handsome
+design on back and sides; the copies of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD can be
+inserted without mutilating them in any way, and be kept clean and in
+condition for binding.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Letters
+
+          EDITOR OF THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+          I am very much interested in the war, and would
+          like to do something for my country. Could you
+          suggest something that a little girl could do?
+
+          Respectfully yours,
+                      ALMA D.
+
+Other boys and girls are gathering illustrated papers, periodicals, and
+books to be forwarded to the soldiers and sailors. You can help in this
+way.
+
+          EDITOR OF THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+          In your issue of April 21st, you speak of the
+          Russian officer Milutine having said that no
+          Christian had ever succeeded in entering and
+          leaving Mecca before his doing so. Sir Richard
+          Burton distinctly states that he was the first man
+          ever to accomplish this feat, as you will see by
+          his book. Who is correct?
+
+          Very truly yours,
+                  J. T.
+
+If you read the account again, you will see that Milutine is quoted as
+having said that he had heard that no Christian had previously gone to
+Mecca and returned safely. It is true that Burton did precede Milutine.
+EDITOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+New Books
+
+"Manipulation of the Microscope," Edward Bausch (Rochester: Bausch &
+Lomb Optical Co.). At this season of the year, when so many of our
+readers are interested in the study of botany and other nature work, the
+use of the microscope enters largely into their work--and yet how few
+people really understand this most useful instrument. The writer of this
+admirable little book very sensibly assumes that his readers are anxious
+to learn the subject from its simplest form to the more complex details,
+and he has therefore made a thoroughly useful book. Few people realize
+the delight of using a microscope intelligently, nor do they grasp the
+true value of even the simple pocket forms of this invaluable little
+instrument. If they did properly appreciate the microscope, every boy
+would carry a two or three loop lens, and find it as useful almost as
+the indispensable jackknife. The wonders of field, forest, and seashore
+are not thoroughly appreciated unless the microscope is
+used--_intelligently_.
+
+[Illustration: SPANISH TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER, "FUROR."]
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Current History
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In our last number we give a review of the first month of the war. In
+glancing over the news, it is extremely interesting to contrast the
+losses of Spain with those of the United States. In the campaign off
+Cuba, we have had less than thirty men killed and wounded, whereas the
+Spaniards have lost several hundreds; they have had many of their
+fortifications destroyed, and have suffered great damage in other
+ways--by the capture of vessels, etc. In the far East, Spain's fleet was
+destroyed, and many men killed and wounded; against this was a loss on
+our part of one man killed and six wounded, and approximately no damage
+to our vessels.
+
+The escape of the _Oregon_ is considered another victory for us, as
+during that trip of about fifteen thousand miles she might easily have
+been intercepted and destroyed had she not been splendidly handled. Her
+run of four thousand miles between San Francisco and Callao (cal-ye-ä-o)
+is the longest ever made by a battle-ship without stop, and in the
+latter part of her trip, on one long stretch, she averaged over fifteen
+knots, a wonderful speed at the end of a trip of over ten thousand
+miles--for a vessel's bottom becomes very foul with barnacles, seaweed,
+etc., which greatly retard its passage through the water.
+
+It is reported that, while coaling at Rio, a number of dynamite-bombs
+were smuggled into the coal, but fortunately they were discovered by the
+sailors.
+
+[Footnote: Authority for pronunciation of proper names: Century
+Dictionary.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Action in reference to neutrality has been taken by Russia, Greece,
+Venezuela, the Netherlands, and Canada. The declaration of neutrality by
+Venezuela is of special importance, as Spain's fleet would have found
+Venezuelean ports of inestimable value as places of refuge and for the
+purpose of coaling. Venezuela expresses her position in the one
+sentence: "The Republic will observe the strictest neutrality during the
+contest." No statement is made, however, as to what will be considered
+contraband.
+
+The Dutch proclamation of neutrality, in addition to the usual forms,
+especially cautions the citizens of the Netherlands against becoming
+connected in any way with privateering; and the Dutch vessels are also
+required to respect the blockade; in reference to coal, the Dutch
+regulation is that only enough shall be sold to permit Spanish or
+American vessels to reach the nearest port of their country.
+
+The Russian proclamation contains a statement to the effect that the
+Imperial Government, in concert with the other powers, had endeavored to
+find a means which would prevent an armed conflict between the two
+countries; that such friendly measures were without result, and that the
+Imperial Government "witnesses with regret the armed conflict between
+two states to which she is united by old friendship and deep sympathy;
+it is firmly resolved in regard to the two belligerents that a perfect
+and impartial neutrality will be observed."
+
+Greece has simply declared that the strictest neutrality will be
+maintained.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 25th of May, President McKinley issued a call for 75,000
+additional volunteers; of the previous volunteers called for, about
+112,000 have been mustered into the army; with the addition that is now
+called for, the army will number about 250,000; and it is expected that
+active operations will be begun at once, and that Porto Rico as well as
+Cuba will be seized at the earliest possible moment; it is expected that
+part of our fleet will proceed at once to San Juan, Porto Rico, and
+destroy the fortifications there, so that our army can without serious
+opposition land on the island.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The cruiser _Columbia_, which was disabled in a collision off Long
+Island, is being rapidly repaired in the Brooklyn Navy-Yard. If she had
+not been very strong there is little doubt but that the _Foscolia_ would
+have cut her in two; the frames of the vessel, however, are so well
+constructed that these, with the protective deck, prevented more serious
+damage. Naval officers are very much pleased to find how well the vessel
+withstood the collision; they say that if the _Columbia_ had been a ship
+like the large ocean liners, nothing would have prevented her sinking
+with the ship that struck her. When the officer on the _Columbia_ saw
+that a collision was inevitable, he gave the order "Full speed ahead";
+it is very fortunate that he did so, as otherwise the _Foscolia_ would
+have hit her amidships; and the damage must then have been very serious,
+as the water compartments in that part of the vessel are large, and when
+filled might have caused her to capsize. The damage proves to be much
+less severe than was at first thought; after two or three weeks it is
+thought she will be on duty again.
+
+This is not the first time that the _Columbia_ has been in trouble of
+this kind; two years ago she collided with the _Wyanoke_, a coasting
+steamer; in spite of the trying circumstances at that time, not a man
+was lost on the sinking coaster, so perfect was the discipline on the
+_Columbia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported that the balloons recently received from Paris will be
+sent forward with the first expedition to Cuba; arrangements for
+equipping the balloon train are under charge of Lieut. Joseph E.
+Maxfield of the Signal Service. It is reported that one of the French
+balloons will be first given a careful test from the deck of one of the
+war-ships off Cuba. The necessary plant for generating the gas is
+already in Tampa; the gas will be forwarded in steel tubes, which will
+hold a large volume when the gas is compressed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is now proposed to take the necessary apparatus to Cuba, and have
+pictures of the bombardment of Havana and of other engagements made for
+reproduction with the cinematograph. Dr. D. S. Elmendorf is now at
+Tampa, Fla., making elaborate preparations for taking these pictures.
+The cinematograph is a wonderful invention. By a clever arrangement
+hundreds of photographs are taken, one after the other, with marvellous
+rapidity; these pictures are printed on a long strip, and made to pass
+through the magic lantern as rapidly as when the photographs were taken;
+the result is a composite picture which, when thrown upon a screen,
+reproduces every motion.
+
+Edison was the one who invented this system of taking in succession very
+rapidly a great number of pictures of moving objects. We hope that Dr.
+Elmendorf will be successful, for we will then be able to see these
+interesting scenes; and if by a clever use of the phonograph or
+graphophone he can record the sound of the guns, we may not only see,
+but hear, the battles.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In THE GREAT ROUND WORLD last year we described experiments that were
+being made with kites by Mr. W. E. Eddy, of Bayonne, N. J., who has been
+largely instrumental in promoting interest in scientific kite-flying.
+Kites have been made of such power as to carry a heavy cable from one
+point to another over some obstruction, or to lift a man some distance
+from the ground for the purpose of observation. It is now planned to
+make use of the kites for offensive and defensive purposes in connection
+with the invasion of Cuba. These kites can be raised to an enormous
+height and photographs taken of the country, or, if necessary, by a
+clever device which slides on the string of the kite, dynamite can be
+carried to a point over the enemies' camp or fortifications and dropped
+into them.
+
+It is also believed that the kite will be of great value for signalling
+purposes, especially at night, as it will be possible to hoist electric
+incandescent lamps to a great height above the earth and signal by
+turning the light on or off in accordance with a settled code. Mr. Eddy
+estimates that it will be possible to drop fifty pounds of dynamite at a
+time from a distance a mile away; the plan is to send up these kites
+from within the lines of the attacking force and drop the dynamite into
+the fortifications of Havana. The men who fly the kites can remain out
+of sight of the forts; and the kite will be such a small mark and so
+high up in the air as to be very difficult to hit with a rifle-ball.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After a great deal of discussion in Congress, and many delays in
+finishing our war-ships because of the price asked for armor by the
+large armor companies, it was decided that the maximum rate--that is,
+the highest price--that the Government would pay should be $400 per ton;
+until this change was made neither of the great armor-plate
+manufacturers would bid, and, as a result, armor was not obtainable. May
+24th, bids were opened for supplying the three battle-ships, _Illinois_,
+_Alabama_, and _Wisconsin_, now being constructed by the Union Iron
+Works, Newport News. About a year ago the Government advertised for bids
+for supplying this armor, but no bids were received because Congress had
+made the limit of price too low. Bids opened on the 24th were from two
+companies, the Bethlehem Iron Works and Carnegie & Co. It is evident
+that an arrangement had been entered into between the two, as one
+company bid to supply the armor for the _Alabama_, and the other for the
+_Wisconsin_, the bids in each case being the same--that is, at the
+maximum price of $400 per ton.
+
+The armor for the _Alabama_ will cost $1,022,504; that for the
+_Wisconsin_, $1,023,504; the first of this armor will be delivered in
+about seven months, and thereafter about 300 tons will be delivered
+monthly. At this rate it will be about fifteen months before the last of
+the armor is ready.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported that Spain is about to sanction the commission or fitting
+out of privateers to prey upon our commerce. In the Spanish newspapers
+appear almost daily criticisms of our _cowardly_ methods of carrying on
+the war. At one time it is stated that our vessels have been seen flying
+the Spanish flag in order that they may surprise some ship of theirs; at
+another time our _cowardly_ attack upon some fort in Cuba is mentioned,
+when we sneak up under cover of darkness only to beat a hasty retreat
+when the first gun is fired.
+
+In the face of such conduct, it is claimed by the Spaniards that we are
+entitled to no consideration, and it is believed both here and abroad
+that all of this kind of absurd talk means that Spain contemplates a
+resort to privateers to get even with us.
+
+Privateers, in former years, when fitted out by Spain have acted so much
+like pirates that they have been considered and treated as such by
+England and by other nations, and the whole system has been so seriously
+condemned that it is believed that, should either Spain or this country
+fit out privateers, other nations would immediately interfere and put a
+stop to it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There has been considerable discussion in reference to Hawaii; the
+question of annexation is favored almost universally by our people and
+in Congress; in fact, the annexation of the island is now considered not
+merely advisable, but absolutely necessary. In sending troops from this
+country to the Philippine Islands we must stop on the way for supplies,
+and should Hawaii be captured by the Spaniards or annexed by another
+power, it would prove a very serious matter to us; it is to be hoped
+that the question of annexation will be settled at once.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Very little news of interest is received from Spain. In the list of the
+new Spanish ministry, published week before last, we included the name
+of Seņor Leon y Castillo as Minister of Foreign Affairs; Seņor Castillo
+did not accept the office, which was then offered to Duke Almodovar de
+Rio, who has accepted.
+
+The duke said that he did not wish the office, but accepted it on
+patriotic grounds, "as every Spaniard is bound to devote all his powers
+to the defence of his country." The duke is well and favorably known in
+England, where he was educated, and it is considered that the choice for
+this office is a good one.
+
+The Spanish Minister of Finance, in discussing Spain's financial
+condition, recently said that he considered it satisfactory, and that
+the payment of all expenses of the war is assured; as a means of raising
+additional funds he proposes to convert the floating debt, now amounting
+to about 500,000,000 pesetas, into treasury bonds of small denomination,
+and to extend the Bank of Spain note issues. Spain may by this issue of
+additional paper money find herself in as unfortunate a position as did
+Cuba when Weyler endeavored to force paper money upon the people there.
+With an increase of twenty per cent. on taxes of all kinds, and with a
+paper money of doubtful value, Spain will indeed be in a sorry
+predicament.
+
+Later reports from Spain would indicate that a crisis is approaching;
+business is at a standstill, and a famine imminent, as provisions are so
+high as to place them beyond the reach of the poorer people. It is
+thought that if an encounter with our fleet ends in disaster to Admiral
+Cervera, a revolution is inevitable. It is said that Emperor Francis
+Joseph of Austria has advised the Queen to leave the country, but that
+she has expressed her determination to remain and face the result.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lieutenant Carranza, to whom we are indebted for the admirable
+explanation of why Spain should not be held responsible for the _Maine_
+disaster, published in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD some weeks ago, is having
+an unpleasant time in Canada. Together with several other Spanish
+officials he has been carrying on an "information bureau" for the
+Spanish Government; by information bureau we mean a system of receiving
+and forwarding reports to the Spanish Government in reference to our
+fortifications, etc. The present trouble has arisen from the fact that a
+letter containing important information has been mislaid; he accuses
+Joseph Kellert, a Montreal detective, and two other persons of entering
+his room and stealing this letter. They are making such a fuss over the
+matter that the letter must have been an exceedingly important one.
+
+[Illustration: NEGRO TYPE--PHILIPPINE ISLANDS]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: MALAY TYPE--PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.]
+
+A despatch has been received from Admiral Dewey, dated May 20th,
+addressed to the Secretary of the Navy; he cables as follows:
+
+"Situation is unchanged. Blockade is continued. There is a great
+scarcity of provisions in Manila. The foreign subjects fear an outbreak
+of Spanish soldiers; arrangements have been made for the transfer of
+these foreign subjects to Cavite if necessary. The rebel
+commander-in-chief, Aguinaldo, who was brought here by the _McCulloch_,
+is reorganizing a force, and may render assistance that will be
+valuable."
+
+[Illustration: THE CASINO ESPAŅOL, FACING PLAZA, SANTIAGO DE CUBA.]
+
+The first shipment of troops to the Philippine Islands started May 25th
+on the three transports, _City of Pekin_, _Australia_, and _City of
+Sydney_. When these vessels left San Francisco, late in the afternoon,
+the shores were lined with people, and there was great enthusiasm. These
+three transports carry about twenty-five hundred men; the expedition is
+under command of Brigadier-General Anderson, and consists of four
+companies of regulars under Major Robe; the First Regiment California
+Volunteers, Colonel Smith; the First Regiment Oregon Volunteers, Colonel
+Summers; and a battalion of fifty heavy artillery, Major Gary; and in
+addition to these a number of sailors, naval officers, a large amount of
+ammunition and naval stores for Admiral Dewey's fleet, and supplies
+sufficient to last a year. It was expected that the fleet would arrive
+at the Sandwich Islands by Tuesday, May 31st; it will proceed from this
+port in company with the _Charleston_, and should arrive at Manila about
+June 20th. A detachment of the United States Engineers was ordered from
+Willets Point, N. Y., to the Philippines, under command of Captain
+Langfitt; Captain Langfitt is an expert in the matter of torpedoes and
+harbor defences of this kind, and it is thought that his mission at the
+Philippines will be to fortify the different harbors by planting mines,
+torpedoes, etc.
+
+Now that the reinforcements are well on their way, there is no reason to
+feel any anxiety in reference to any expedition which might be sent from
+Spain. The shortest route from Cadiz is, of course, by way of the Suez
+Canal; the distance by this route is over 8,000 miles; from San
+Francisco to Manila, by way of the Sandwich Islands, is but 7,000 miles;
+therefore we have at least a week the start of any expedition which
+might leave Spain. The troops sent on the three transports which sailed
+May 25th will be sufficient to garrison Corregidor Island; with strong
+fortifications on this island at the entrance of Manila Bay, it is
+believed that we can prevent the entrance of any fleet. The only fleet
+which it is possible for Spain to send at this time is Admiral Camara's;
+in this there are but two armorclads, the _Pelayo_ and _Emperadar Carlos
+V_. Admiral Dewey would not consider them sufficiently formidable to
+give him any anxiety.
+
+Unless we meet with misfortune or great reverses in dealing with the
+Spanish forces now at the Philippines, there is little doubt but that
+they are ours by this time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now that the Philippine Islands are to be kept by us, the previous
+regulations in reference to mails have been changed. When war was
+declared the Post-Office Department shut off communication with the
+Philippine Islands, as well as with other Spanish countries. A new order
+has been issued, and mail may now be sent to the Philippine Islands by
+way of San Francisco. In times of war this country permits soldiers to
+mail letters to their homes without prepaying postage; this is a great
+advantage to them, as we can readily understand that while on a campaign
+post-offices cannot be reached and postage stamps are not easy to get.
+The officers or men have simply to write on the letters, "Soldier's
+letter," "Sailor's letter," "Marine's letter," and they will be carried
+by post to their destination and postage collected there without extra
+charge. Under ordinary circumstances letters will not be carried unless
+partly prepaid; and if foreign postage is not fully prepaid a penalty in
+the shape of extra postage is added to the regular rate, and collected
+upon delivery.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+European powers are watching with great interest our movements in the
+East. Admiral Dewey's victory, it is considered, has put an end to
+Spanish sovereignty in the East. European governments evidently expect
+the United States to keep the Philippines, and it is difficult to see
+any other solution, as it will certainly not be advisable to return the
+islands to Spain, nor would this be consistent with the "war for
+humanity's sake." Spain's cruelties in the Philippines have been even
+more excessive than in Cuba, and we certainly should not again place the
+islands in the hands of that cruel taskmaster, Spain. It has been
+suggested that we cede them to some European power; the question is, Can
+we do this? These powers are so jealous of each other that they will not
+stand quietly by and see any one of their number favored by a gift of
+such importance; on the other hand, the presence of an American colony
+in Eastern Asia will be a thorn in the side of the great powers; we
+have, therefore, to choose which horn of the dilemma we shall accept.
+The final settlement of the matter will, no doubt, cause many new
+complications and material changes in the traditional policy of our
+Government.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The mysterious sailing of the steamship _Adria_ from Key West, a week
+ago, has attracted a good deal of comment; it is said that she had on
+board many miles of submarine cable, together with the necessary
+appliances for grappling, splicing, and laying, and telegraphic
+instruments for use on shore. It is believed that the purpose is to cut
+the cable off shore, splice a piece to it, and carry it to some
+unfrequented spot and there establish a cable station; this would enable
+our authorities to communicate quickly with Washington--when the
+invasion of Cuba takes place, or to keep the insurgents advised as to
+our movements.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A very interesting question of international law has been brought up by
+the cutting of the cables by Admiral Dewey; it is claimed that by doing
+this he has established an international precedent, for his cutting of
+the cable connecting a country at war with another country is a forcible
+interference with communication which has not been practised in any
+previous war.
+
+The question of cable-cutting has never come up before as a means of
+offensive warfare, as it is only in recent years that there has been any
+extensive laying of cables. Dewey's example has been followed by the
+blockading fleet off Cuba; this fact establishes beyond all peradventure
+the position that this Government has assumed. The British Government
+evidently believes that in the time of war the right to cut cables
+connecting the opposing nation with other countries is one which may be
+assumed without violation of international law. In a speech on this
+matter, Mr. Balfour, First Lord of the Treasury, quoting in Parliament a
+few days ago an agreement made in Paris in 1884, in reference to the
+protection of cables by different nations, said: "By Article XV. of this
+convention, in time of war a belligerent signatory to the convention
+(that is, a county signing this agreement) is as free to act with
+respect to submarine cables as if the convention did not exist. I am not
+prepared, therefore, to say that a belligerent, on the ground of
+military exigency, would under no circumstances be justified in
+interfering with cables between the territory of the opposing power and
+any other part of the world."
+
+Our State Department considers that this statement on the part of Great
+Britain commits that country to the policy regarding cables which we
+have recently put into practice; her approval of our action virtually
+establishes this right as a principle of international law.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Very serious trouble is anticipated in Italy because of the hopeless
+poverty of much of the peasantry, and the apparent inefficiency of the
+present system of government. The Italian peasant barely succeeds under
+the most advantageous circumstances in obtaining food enough for himself
+and family; consequently every change in the price of bread is a
+serious matter to him; under the present Government the taxes have
+become heavier, and this is sure at no distant date to bring about a
+crisis; that this crisis is near is shown by the recent bread riots. The
+only hope of averting trouble is a change in the policy of the Italian
+Government.
+
+
+Many people in Europe are asking why the price of wheat continues to
+advance, as there is apparently no reason, for the Spanish-American war
+has created no increased demand, nor has it seriously interfered with
+the shipment of grain. The increase in price is accounted for, by those
+who are familiar with these subjects, on the ground that there seems to
+be a general conspiracy to hold back supplies from Europe in the hope of
+obtaining higher prices, and in consequence scarcity is created in
+certain markets, thus causing the rise in price both there and
+elsewhere, and with each rise in price comes additional reason for the
+holding back of supplies on the part of the speculators who are
+manipulating the market.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is rather interesting to turn from the account of the riots in Italy
+to a brief history of Joseph Leiter's famous wheat deal. This wheat
+deal, which has just been closed, is the most remarkable that has ever
+been known in the history of the grain markets. Leiter has not only made
+himself rich, but has added to the wealth of the farmers in the West
+enormously. Every effort on the part of other speculators to force
+Leiter to the wall has been unsuccessful. Last fall when he was buying,
+they turned over enormous quantities of wheat, but he seemed to have
+untold millions at his command, for he met every offer with cash, and
+demonstrated that he had more money if they could furnish more wheat:
+the result was that wheat went up, up, up, until it reached nearly $2 a
+bushel, and Leiter has made, it is estimated, over $4,000,000, or nearly
+$500 _an hour_ since April of last year.
+
+The account of the troubles in Italy, and the great prosperity resulting
+from Leiter's success here, simply demonstrate what has been called
+attention to before--that what affects one part of the world has its
+influence upon the rest. A contribution from the prospered wheat farmers
+(and Leiter) to the suffering poor in Italy would not be amiss under the
+circumstances.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In our recent numbers we mentioned the trouble in the Sierra Leone
+Protectorate. This trouble has been ascribed to the hut tax; this tax is
+practically the only tax levied upon the natives, and it is for the
+purpose of raising sufficient revenue to prevent slave-trading. The
+trouble in this colony has arisen indirectly, not directly, as a result
+of this tax, as the slave-traders have used it as a pretext for stirring
+up the rebellion among the natives. England for many years has been
+doing her best to suppress slave-trading, and the slave-traders make use
+of any grievance, imaginary or otherwise, in their attempts to overthrow
+the power of the white men, in order that their barbarous man-hunting
+may not be interfered with. Several men-of-war have been sent by England
+to Sierra Leone, and are to be reinforced by others; troops have also
+been sent to the assistance of the missionaries and others whose lives
+are endangered by the uprising of the natives.
+
+Day by day news from this district becomes more alarming; all of this
+part of Africa is at the present time in a state of great excitement,
+and it is expected that great difficulty will be experienced in
+suppressing the revolt. Early in May, the rebels attacked the American
+mission at Rotufunk and killed five of the American missionaries--Mr.
+and Mrs. Kane, Miss Archer, Miss Hatfield, and Miss Schenck. Their
+bodies have been recovered.
+
+The hut tax, which has been made a pretext for all this trouble, amounts
+to about one shilling a year for each member of the population, or, in
+case of families, five shillings for each family. The insurrection was
+started by a native chief who has given the colonial government much
+trouble heretofore.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+During the latter part of May there were first rumors, then reports, and
+then confirmed reports that the Spanish fleet was at Santiago, Cuba, and
+that it was caught as in a trap by our war-vessels.
+
+The harbor of Santiago is a deep one, with a very narrow mouth, as
+stated in a recent issue of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. The Navy Department
+feels extremely happy over the locating of the Spanish fleet and the
+fact that it may be kept where it is for the present; this will make
+possible the invasion of Cuba and the carrying out of the general plans
+of the campaign without fear of having them interrupted by attack from
+the Spanish vessels. Santiago is not very well supplied with provisions,
+and it will be but a question of time when the Spanish fleet must either
+force their way out of the harbor or else surrender. It is to be hoped
+that the capture of this fleet will be accomplished without battle, for
+battle will mean a large loss on both sides, and it can have but one
+ultimate outcome. The inevitable may be deferred, but the United States
+is pretty sure to win in the long run.
+
+One or two of our battle-ships or monitors stationed at the entrance of
+the harbor will be sufficient to prevent the exit of the Spaniards, even
+if we do not succeed in so blocking the channel with obstructions as to
+make exit impossible; this will leave the rest of our fleet free to
+operate elsewhere. Great vigilance will be exercised to prevent the
+Spanish torpedo-boats from running out and attacking our vessels under
+cover of darkness. The entrance to the harbor is so narrow that a patrol
+of small boats can be established, making such an attack almost
+impossible.
+
+Cables connecting Cuba with the world outside are being rapidly located
+and cut, and by the time this paper goes to press Cuba will no doubt be
+cut off entirely, and we will cease to see reports from Madrid of what
+is going on in Havana and elsewhere in Cuba.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: =Latest News=]
+
+May 31st Commodore Schley made an attack upon the forts at the entrance
+to the harbor of Santiago, with the intention of ascertaining the
+position and strength of the fortifications. At one o'clock in the
+afternoon of that day the signal to form column was hoisted on the
+_Massachusetts_; the _New Orleans_, _Iowa_, and _Vixen_ followed her as
+she steamed slowly toward the harbor entrance. When between three and
+four miles from shore two of her 13-inch guns were fired; it is reported
+that one of the shells struck the partly dismantled Spanish war-ship
+_Reina Mercedes_, crashing through her bow and killing a number of men;
+two shots followed quite near the same vessel; the two guns in the
+forward turret sent their projectiles so close to the Spanish flagship
+that the spray was thrown all over her. The shore batteries at this time
+began a rapid fire on the _Massachusetts_, but she was soon beyond their
+range. The fire was then turned on the _New Orleans_; the shells from
+this vessel struck the large battery on the hill above Morro Castle, and
+a great cloud of dust and débris rose in the air as the shells burst.
+They must have done considerable damage; the shells which followed sent
+portions of the wall of Morro Castle tumbling down, a mass of ruins.
+Almost every shot found a mark in either the batteries or vessels. It
+was the _Iowa's_ turn next; her shells made things lively for the
+Spanish fleet in the harbor, although it is believed she was not
+successful in hitting any of the Spanish vessels. The little _Vixen_
+swept along after her predecessors, and banged away with her one
+6-pounder with as great an air of importance as if it had been a
+13-inch rifle; then she steamed away in a triumphant manner, as much as
+to say: "I have done my share." The commodore promptly ordered her to
+keep out of danger. The ironclads turned, and a second time bore down on
+the harbor, and when within five miles the shells began again to fall
+thick and fast around the Spanish vessels, although accurate firing was
+almost out of the question, as the vessels were behind the hill out in
+sight, and range could not be ascertained. The Spaniards kept up a brisk
+cannonade long after our vessels had stopped firing; a tremendous amount
+of damage was done--to the Caribbean Sea; their shells did not come
+within a mile of our vessels.
+
+June 3d the auxiliary cruiser _St. Paul_ returned to New York, after a
+two weeks' cruise in West Indian waters; she had been detailed for guard
+and scout duty, and was one of the first to discover the Spanish fleet
+in Santiago Bay. She left Key West May 18th, and arrived off Santiago
+about the 20th. The St. Louis had been detailed for similar service, and
+had been watching Santiago harbor with the expectation that the Spanish
+vessels would attempt to enter there; she, however, left on the 19th. It
+is supposed that Admiral Cervera must have entered the harbor in the
+twenty-four hours between this date and that of the arrival of the _St.
+Paul_.
+
+As it was advisable that her whereabouts should not be discovered to the
+Spaniards, the _St. Paul_ cruised backward and forward about twenty
+miles out; she kept this distance off shore in order that the Spanish
+torpedo-boats might not make a dash out of the harbor in the darkness
+and torpedo her. It was not until the 23d that anything was seen of the
+Spaniards. Captain Sigsbee is quite confident that on this date he
+identified the _Vizcaya_, the _Christopher Colon_, and several
+torpedo-boat destroyers within the harbor; they were evidently making
+preparations for departure, but were too late, as our fleet under
+Commodore Schley reached the harbor before they could get away.
+
+The only excitement that the _St. Paul_ had was the capture of the
+collier _Restormel_. The vessel was sighted very early one morning about
+five miles from the harbor entrance, running with all speed to obtain
+the protection of the batteries on shore. The _St. Paul_ was too quick
+for her; crowding on all steam, the collier was soon overtaken and
+stopped by a solid shot fired across her bows. A prize crew was put on
+board and the vessel sent to Key West.
+
+The _St. Paul_ is off again; her destination is, however, a secret.
+
+Another "great victory" was reported by the Spaniards on June 4th. In
+the despatch from Madrid it was stated that one of our most powerful
+vessels attempted to enter the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and had been
+blown up by a torpedo and sunk, her crew of six men and one officer
+being captured. There was something very inconsistent about the
+statement "most powerful vessel" with a crew of six men and one officer,
+but apparently the Spaniards overlooked this. The fact of the matter is
+that Admiral Sampson decided to close the harbor effectually, and in
+order to do this sent the collier _Merrimac_ to the entrance of the
+channel and had her sunk there.
+
+This brilliant exploit was planned by a young officer, Lieut. Richmond
+Pearson Hobson, who with seven volunteers carried it out in a most
+gallant way.
+
+At this distance and without experience of the fearful effect of modern
+gunnery, we cannot appreciate what a dangerous errand these brave men
+undertook. To sail close under the guns of many batteries and forts,
+through a narrow channel known to be mined, was to face death, and
+almost sure death--an act which will make their names famous. Yet when
+volunteers were called for, every man stepped forward and begged to be
+taken.
+
+At three o'clock Friday morning the _Merrimac_ started. In the darkness
+she succeeded in getting well in shore before she was discovered; then
+shot and shell made the water white with spray all around her. But the
+brave fellows never flinched, and on they sailed until the narrowest
+part of the channel was reached. Down went the anchor, and soon a dull
+report in her hold told of the successful explosion of the torpedo which
+was to blow her bottom out and make her sinking certain.
+
+The crew left and succeeded in clearing the vessel before she went down.
+But two are reported to have been wounded, and these but slightly. All
+were captured and taken to Morro Castle.
+
+The great bravery of the gallant fellows was recognized by Admiral
+Cervera and he sent a boat with a flag of truce to advise Admiral
+Sampson that the men were safe and would be exchanged. This act of the
+Spanish admiral has won for him a feeling of great admiration in this
+country. It was the act of a noble man.
+
+The Spanish fleet is not only bottled up now, but the cork is in the
+bottle.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE FLAG.
+
+Many questions have reached us from subscribers and friends concerning
+the meaning and reason for the stars and stripes on the United States
+flag, and how the United States came to choose the colors and design of
+the flag.
+
+Early in Revolutionary times, each colony had its own flag, and they
+were very varied in design, and some had strange designs. The colony of
+Massachusetts had a pine-tree on its flag. South Carolina had a
+rattlesnake on a yellow flag, and underneath the snake the motto: "Don't
+tread on me." New York had a white flag with a beaver on it; and Rhode
+Island a white flag with a blue anchor.
+
+Many variations of the "stars and stripes" are found in the flags used
+during the first years of the Revolution. Some have red and white
+stripes, with the field (where the stars are in the flag we all know)
+like the field of the British flag--red, white, and blue lines crossing
+one another. This design in the corner of a flag is called its "jack,"
+and is often used alone.
+
+In 1777, Congress declared that the flag should have thirteen horizontal
+stripes and thirteen white stars on a blue field, each representing one
+of the thirteen States. The idea of the adoption of the grouping of
+stars and stripes was doubtless taken from the arms of the Washington
+family, which consisted of a white shield with two horizontal red bars,
+and above these three red stars.
+
+It was the original intention to add a stripe and a star for each state
+admitted to the Union, and the grouping of the equal stripes was
+supposed to represent the unity of the Federation. In 1792 the stars and
+the stripes were both increased to fifteen on account of the admission
+to the Union of the States of Vermont and Kentucky, and, after this,
+others were added. In 1818, Congress decided to return to the original
+thirteen stripes, and to add a star for each new State, which plan has
+been followed since. The three colors, red, white, and blue, symbolize
+valor, purity, and truth.
+
+The United States has but one national flag, which is flown alike on
+buildings, men-of-war, and merchant vessels, and to us Americans its
+purity and beauty appeal strongly.
+
+A number of the foreign nations have different flags, known as the royal
+standard, the war flag, and the merchant flag. For instance, Spain has
+the three. The colors of Spain are red and yellow. The navy flag
+consists of three horizontal stripes--yellow in the middle, and a
+narrower red band at top and bottom. On the yellow band near the staff
+is a coat of arms surmounted by a crown. The merchant flag is made up of
+five horizontal stripes--a yellow in middle, a narrow red, then a narrow
+yellow, and then a broad red above and below. The colors, red and
+yellow, were the colors of the royal house of Aragon, whose fortunes
+were closely allied with the Spanish crown. The royal standard of Spain
+is an elaborate affair, divided into four parts, containing the heraldic
+arms of leading families of Spain, and many devices indicating the
+control of Spain over countries which it once held sway over, but which
+have long since been lost to her, as Holland, Portugal, etc.
+
+France uses the "tricolor," a flag of three vertical equal stripes, red,
+white, and blue, the blue being nearest the staff. France has undergone
+many political changes, and this, the flag of the Republic, was adopted
+in 1789.
+
+Germany's national flag has a white ground, divided into four parts by
+black lines--one broad black line and a narrow one on each side. At the
+centre is a circle containing the Prussian crowned eagle. The upper
+quarter, by the staff, is divided into three equal horizontal stripes,
+black, white, and red, and on these is a Maltese cross--the iron cross
+of Germany.
+
+The German merchant flag has red, white, and black horizontal stripes.
+
+Flags have grown by custom and international law to represent
+nationality. If they are insulted the insult is to the nation. In war
+they are protected by lives, and in peace they pass around the world, or
+float from their staffs on land--marks of their nation's strength and
+supremacy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SELECTED LIST OF NEW BOOKS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
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+PRONUNCIATION and copious VOCABULARIES. =Price, paper boards, 40 cents;
+cloth, 50 cents, postpaid.=
+
+          "A book of great value to those who would master
+          French without a teacher."--Prof. J. H. GROVE,
+          A.M., Pres. Howard Payne College, Brownwood, Tex.
+          ADDRESS
+
+=ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, THE PHONOGRAPHIC DEPOT, 33 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK=
+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Educational Courier
+
+          W. I. THAMES, Editor
+
+         Is the oldest School Journal published in
+         Mississippi. Devoted to the general cause of
+         education. Keeps in close touch with educational
+         matters in MISSISSIPPI. Publishes STATE BOARD
+         QUESTIONS and educational news from everywhere. A
+         splendid ADVERTISING MEDIUM. Subscription Fifty
+         Cents per Annum. Advertising rate card sent on
+         application...... THE EDUCATIONAL COURIER
+                           Poplarville, Miss.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=The Great Round World REFERENCE ATLAS=
+
+New maps by W. & A. K. JOHNSTON, Edinburgh, Scotland. Specially adapted
+for ready reference, and invaluable in tracing geographically the
+current of events. Sent postpaid upon receipt of 25 cts. Address
+
+   =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUB. CO., 5 West 18th Street, New York City=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
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+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          The.....
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+
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+Pays for the BEST Educational Paper in existence, and for registration
+fee one year.
+
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, N. Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+"ONE PIECE"
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+Adjustable Book Covers.
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+These covers fit perfectly all sizes of books. They are all ready for
+use--properly gummed--and do not have to be cut. They are made of a
+special paper, manufactured exclusively for these covers, which is
+admitted to be the best for wear, and also for cleanliness, as it is
+glazed and cannot readily be soiled. They are not easily torn, for when
+adjusted to a book all exposed edges are of double thickness.
+
+=SIZES.=
+
+=No. A1--Per dozen, *20 cents. Per 100, $1.50. Per 1,000, $12.50.=
+
+This size fits the smallest book, and also small 12mos.
+
+
+=No. 1--Same price.=
+
+Especially adapted to school and library books. It will fit 16mo. to
+small 8 vo. sizes, and is suitable for 90 per cent. of the school books
+in use.
+
+
+=No. 2--Per dozen, *40 cents. Per 100, $2.50 Per 1,000, $17.50.=
+
+For small geographies, encyclopædias, law books, &c.
+
+
+=No. 3--Per dozen, *60 cents. Per 100, $3.50. Per 1,000, $25.00.=
+
+For large geographies.
+
+*PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE TO ANY ADDRESS.
+
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+          =CAN THE BOOK COVERS YOU USE BE REMOVED
+          WITHOUT DAMAGING THE BOOKS?=
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+=Do you not have to buy three sizes to cover Histories, Readers,
+Arithmetics, &c.?=
+
+=Look at the book covers you are using and see how they stick to covers;
+they must injure the books.=
+
+="ONE PIECE" Covers will not stick to or injure the covers of the
+books.=
+
+=One size will fit Arithmetics, Histories, &c., and the new paper is
+acknowledged to be heavier, tougher, and better than any other cover
+paper used.=
+
+=Send for samples and test them for yourself. Sample dozen, postpaid, 25
+cents.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Short History of.... SPAIN
+
+          BY
+          MARY PLATT PARMELE
+          (Author of the famous Evolution of Empire Series of Histories)
+
+          =10 Cents Each      _POSTPAID_      $1.00 per Dozen=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WE QUOTE FROM LETTERS RECEIVED:
+
+" . . . Wonderfully condensed . . ." "It reads like a romance." "Can be
+finished in less than an hour, yet gives a full bird's-eye view of a
+country and people. The author's style is charming." "Accidentally
+running across your cute little History of Spain, I was so taken with it
+as an epitome of the sort that I have long believed there was room for,
+that I would like to see what else you have. So please mail me a couple
+of sample copies of your weekly, as I have not seen _that_ yet."
+
+"Every school should have a course in Spanish History at this time."
+
+          =Second Edition Now in Press=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          =The Great Round World Publishing Company=
+              =5 West 18th Street, New York City=
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+.CLUB RATES.
+
+"The Great Round World"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          _Subscription
+          Price..
+          52 numbers.._
+
+          $1.50
+
+          _per year_
+
+          _Address_
+
+          _The Great
+          Round World
+          Publishing Co._
+
+          _3 and 5 West
+          18th Street
+
+          New York City_
+
+                                     PRICE            WITH
+                                   SEPARATELY      "G. R. W."
+          Atlantic                   $4.00            $5.00
+          Book Buyer                  1.00             2.25
+          Bookman                     2.00             3.25
+          Chap-Book                   2.00             3.00
+          Century Magazine            4.00             5.00
+          Cosmopolitan                1.00             2.25
+          Critic                      3.00             4.25
+          Current Literature          3.00             4.00
+          Forum                       3.00             4.00
+          Harper's Bazaar             4.00             4.75
+          Harper's Monthly            4.00             4.75
+          Harper's Weekly             4.00             4.75
+          Illustrated American        4.00             4.75
+          Independent                 3.00             4.00
+          Judge                       5.00             6.00
+          Leisure Hour                1.00             2.25
+          Life                        5.00             6.00
+          Lippincott's                3.00             3.75
+          Literary Digest             3.00             4.25
+          McClure's                   1.00             2.25
+          Munsey's                    1.00             2.25
+          New England Magazine        3.00             4.00
+          North American Review       5.00             5.75
+          Our Little Ones and Nursery 1.00             2.25
+          Outing                      3.00             3.75
+          Outlook                     3.00             4.25
+          Puck                        5.00             6.00
+          Review of Reviews           2.50             3.50
+          Saint Nicholas              3.00             4.00
+          Scientific American         3.00             4.25
+          Scribner's                  3.00             4.00
+          Short Stories               2.50             3.75
+          Truth (New York)            2.50             3.50
+
+
+          ="The Great Round World"=
+                will make club rates on any magazines
+
+          "The Great Round World"
+                       will make club rates on any magazines
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+..TESTIMONIALS..
+
+
+_From Miss Mabel J. Penfield, Bellville, Kan.:_
+
+          "I feel that I can not get along without your
+          paper the coming year. I am a teacher in the city
+          schools in Bellville."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_From Miss M. M. Hughes, 202 West 83d Street:_
+
+          "My pupils are very much interested in your little
+          weekly paper."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_From S. W. Probert, School No. 13, Paterson, N. J.:_
+
+          "Kindly continue our subscription for the paper.
+          We would not be without it for five times the
+          amount."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_From W. D. Lewis, Executive Committee New York State Council of Grammar
+School Principals:_
+
+          "I consider THE GREAT ROUND WORLD one of the most
+          valuable factors in my school work. It takes the
+          children out of the beaten paths and gives them an
+          active interest in current history. Not only is it
+          valuable for the children, but it furnishes an
+          incentive to thought work so useful to many
+          teachers."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_From Roland L. Beale, Kansas State Normal School, Emporia:_
+
+          "I have been taking THE GREAT ROUND WORLD for six
+          weeks, and it is the best little paper I ever saw.
+          I cannot speak too highly of it."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_From Mrs. Ella F. Switzer, Denver, Col.:_
+
+          "I am a teacher in this city, and a subscriber to
+          THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. My pupils read it, in
+          consequence of which they have more definite ideas
+          on subjects relating to current events than many
+          older people. Many of the parents of my pupils
+          have spoken in praise of it. The other members of
+          my family as well as myself read it instead of
+          _wasting_ time over the daily papers."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_From Mr. A. F. Otis, Houghton Gram. School, Augusta, Ga.:_
+
+          "I am delighted with the paper."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_From Miss A. W. Shortridge, 257 Benefit St., Providence, R. I.:_
+
+          "Enclosed please find check for seventy-five cents
+          for renewal of subscription of your publication
+          for six months. I should like to tell you that
+          having had classes in current events for both old
+          and young people, I have never seen any other
+          publication which so fully carries out my ideas of
+          the subjects to be presented in such classes as
+          your little magazine does. I have had classes
+          every day in the week. I find moreover in your
+          publication a most excellent résumé, especially
+          for the younger classes. I have moreover
+          recommended the magazine to many of my older
+          people. I am writing this because I think it may
+          be pleasant for you to hear that your work is
+          appreciated."
+
+=The Great Round World=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Obvious punctuations errors repaired.
+
+Page 714, "incovenience" changed to "inconvenience." (much
+inconvenience)
+
+Page 735, "Sierre" changed to "Sierra." (England to Sierra Leone)
+
+Under Club Rates, "Bazar" changed to "Bazaar." (Harper's Bazaar)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
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+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
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+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
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+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898, by Various.
+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: July 3, 2006 [EBook #18745]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 254px;">
+<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="254" height="400" alt="Cover" title="Cover" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>The Great Round World</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>Published Every Thursday Throughout the Year<br />
+<br />
+<b>Single Numbers, 5c. Each</b></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>SUBSCRIPTION RATES:</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="rates">
+<tr><td align='left'>One year, - 52 numbers</td><td align='right'>$1.50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Six months, 26&nbsp; &nbsp; "</td><td align='right'>.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Foreign subscriptions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>Numbers are bound up into four parts each year. Charge for
+binding, 35 cents a part.</p>
+
+<p>Remittances should be by registered letter, or by check, express-order,
+or postal-order, payable to <span class="smcap">The Great Round World Publishing
+Co</span>.</p>
+
+<p>No receipts are sent for remittances unless requested. The number
+on the address label represents the number of the paper with
+which subscription will expire.</p>
+
+<p>Ten days' notice should be given of any change of address.</p>
+
+<div class="center">ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION<br />
+<br />
+<small><b>ADDRESS:</b></small><br />
+<big><b>Great Round World Publishing Co.</b></big><br />
+<small><b>3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City</b></small></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>At any of the following stores copies and bound volumes of <span class="smcap">The
+Great Round World</span> will be found on sale, and subscribers may exchange
+their numbers for bound volumes:</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Store List">
+<tr><td align='left'>JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, Pa.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>W. B. CLARKE &amp; CO., Boston, Mass.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. &amp; R. SIMMS, 123 22d St., Chicago, Ill.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>WOODWARD &amp; LOTHROP, Washington, D. C.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>PETER PAUL BOOK CO., Buffalo, N. Y.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>BURROWS BROS. CO., Cleveland, Ohio.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>PRESTON &amp; ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H. H. CARTER &amp; CO., Boston, Mass.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>WHITAKER &amp; RAY CO., San Francisco, Cal.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>THE ROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincinnati, O.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>THE MARTIN &amp; HOYT CO., Atlanta, Ga.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ST. PAUL BOOK &amp; STATIONERY CO., St. Paul, Minn.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Talking Machine">
+<tr><td align='left'><i><b>TALK IS CHEAP</b></i><br />
+<div class='center'><b>DON'T PAY $100 FOR A</b></div></td><td align='left'><div class="bbox"><h2>TALKING<br />MACHINE</h2></div></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/talking.png" width="200" height="177" alt="Talking machine" title="Talking machine" />
+</div></td><td align='left'>when you can buy one which for
+amusement will make the children
+happy and cause the old folks to
+smile. Complicated machines get out
+of order.<br /><br />
+<div class='center'><b><big>The United States Talking Machine</big></b></div><br /><br />
+is simple, durable; no parts to break
+or get out of order. Any child can
+operate it. It is neatly encased in a
+hard wood box, well finished, size 8-1/2&times;11-1/2&times;3-1/2
+inches, with brass hinges
+and catch; has hearing tubes for two
+persons, one (Berliner's Gramophone)
+record and twenty-five needle points.
+Price, complete with one Record, (express
+charges prepaid) <b>$3.50</b>. Weight
+4 lbs. Remit by Bank Draft, Express,
+or Post Office money order. <b>Agents
+wanted.</b></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>For terms and particulars address</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<big><b>UNITED STATES TALKING MACHINE CO.</b></big><br />
+<b>(DEPT. B) 57 E. 9th ST., NEW YORK CITY</b><br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Advertising">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Mention...</b><br /><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><b>Great</b></big></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><b>Round</b></big></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><b>World</b></big></span><br />
+<br /><br />
+<b>When<br />
+Writing<br />
+Advertisers...</b><br /></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/bikenight.png" width="300" height="264" alt="DO YOU BIKE AT NIGHT?" title="DO YOU BIKE AT NIGHT?" />
+</div></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Premium Catalogue">
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Send for Our....</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span style="margin-left: 4em;"><b>Premium Catalogue</b></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span style="margin-left: 9em;"><i>Sent for 2-cent Stamp</i></span></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/song1.png" width="400" height="200" alt="Patriotic Songs" title="Patriotic Songs" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/song2.png" width="300" height="213" alt="Words and Music" title="Words and Music" />
+</div>
+
+
+<h2>JUST READY</h2>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 398px;">
+<img src="images/songmid.png" width="398" height="29" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<div class='center'><b><i>ADDRESS:</i></b><br />
+
+
+<big><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY</b></big><br />
+<small><b>5 West 18th Street, New York</b></small><br />
+</div>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 398px;">
+<img src="images/songend.png" width="398" height="48" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>A Song of Life</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<span class="u"><i>By MARGARET W. MORLEY. With illustrations<br />
+of flowers, fishes, frogs, birds, etc., set in the text.<br />
+12mo, $1.25.</i></span><br />
+</div>
+
+<p>"It describes with artistic delicacy the transmission of that wonderful
+thing called life in both the plant and animal existence. The difficult subject
+is treated with such intelligence and charm of manner that children
+may read it with interest, and parents need have no fear of its influence."&mdash;<i>The
+Chicago Times.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Something of flower life, something of fish life, of frogs, and of birds,
+and a chapter on human life, form the subjects of this book,&mdash;all told in the
+graceful manner of a womanly woman, whose love for nature has given her
+a keener insight into nature's secrets, and a greater ability to impart those
+secrets to others with the ease of face-to-face talks than is vouchsafed to
+many people."&mdash;<i>The Boston Times.</i></p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b>SPECIAL&mdash;25 copies of this exquisite book at 75 cents each.</b><br />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Address">
+<tr><td align='left'><big><b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,</b></big></td><td align='left'>5 West 18th Street.<br />
+New York<br /></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<div class="hangindent">FOUR TRUE STORIES OF LIFE AND ADVENTURE. By Jessie
+R. Smith. New York: William Beverley Harison. Price 36
+cents, postpaid.</div>
+
+<p>"Four True Stories of Life and Adventure," by Jessie R. Smith.
+This is a book to be read by children, not to them. A child during
+the years of seven and nine is usually hungering for true stories, and
+some mothers and teachers try to meet the demand by reading and
+telling "true" stories to them. This is well and good, but it is clear
+that if this inborn craving could be met by books framed in language
+of such limited vocabulary and construction that so young a child
+would constantly be invited to the story, how valuable it would be.
+This book is designated to meet this end. Less than 750 different
+words are used in the entire series, and these, excepting the necessary
+geographical names, are all in the commonest use among children.
+The stories are of Columbus, Captain John Smith, Miles Standish,
+Benjamin Franklin. Mothers and teachers with children of from
+seven to nine years of age will give this book a hearty welcome&mdash;the
+teachers because the market supply is so painfully deficient in this
+line, and the mothers because it will so admirably solve the oft-repeated
+query of "Mother, what can I do next?" It is so well gotten
+out and still so cheap that it should have a large sale.&mdash;<i>Mother's
+Journal, March, 1898.</i></p>
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+
+
+<div class='bbox'>
+<h3><span class="smcap">'Tis the Small Things of Life That Give Pleasure</span><br />
+</h3>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Dubleook">
+<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 107px;">
+<img src="images/dub1.png" width="107" height="150" alt="Bike" title="Bike" />
+</div></td><td align='left'>That's why the<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"<big><b>DUBLEOOK</b>"</big></span><br /><br />
+<b><span class="u">EASY</span></b> for Cleaning and Storing<br />
+<b><span class="u">SAVES</span></b> Tires and Enamel<br />
+All Running Gear Free<br /></td><td align='left'>&nbsp; &nbsp; Bicycle<br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; Hanger<br />
+is PERFECT<br />
+<h2>50c.</h2><br /></td>
+<td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 168px;">
+<img src="images/dub2.png" width="168" height="150" alt="Hook" title="Hook" />
+</div>
+<b>FULL NICKELED<br />
+COMPLETE</b><br /></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+Of all dealers or postpaid of<br />
+<br />
+<b>THE G.W.E. CO., Room 1103, 26 Cortlandt Street, New York</b><br />
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>BINDING CASE</h2>
+
+<p>To hold loose numbers of the current part of <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span>&mdash;preventing
+them from being lost, getting soiled, or scattered. May be
+had in green, red, or blue cloth. <b>Price, 35 Cents.</b></p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+ADDRESS<br />
+<b>Great Round World Publishing Co.</b><br />
+<b>5 WEST 18TH STREET, NEW YORK.</b><br /><br /><br />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/think1.png" width="350" height="15" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<h3>THE LIVING METHOD FOR LEARNING</h3>
+
+
+<h2>How to Think in French</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>The most successful means yet devised for learning<br />
+and teaching how to SPEAK FRENCH. .. ..</div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.00</b></div>
+
+<div class='blockquot'><p>"I am sure the book will accomplish precisely what is set to be its purpose."&mdash;<b>Prof.
+James W. Bright</b>, Johns Hopkins University.</p>
+
+<p>"You have done a great and beautiful work in the publication of your
+manuals."&mdash;<b>Bishop John H. Vincent</b>, Chancellor of Chautauqua.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2>How to Think in German</h2>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.50</b></div>
+<div class='blockquot'>
+<p>"As a practical book to aid in quickly acquiring the power of correct
+and fluent speaking of the German language this work has no equal."&mdash;<b>Scientific
+American</b>, Nov. 11, 1893, p. 316.</p></div>
+
+
+<h2>How to Think in Spanish</h2>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.50</b></div>
+
+<div class='blockquot'><p>"The learner is not obliged to think of rules or of English words when
+he wishes to speak Spanish."&mdash;<b>N. Y. School Journal</b>, July 14, 1894.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+<div class='center'>
+<b>Prof. CH. F. KROEH, Author and Publisher</b><br />
+Stevens Institute of Technology &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HOBOKEN, N. J.<br /></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_713" id="Page_713">[713]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/think2.png" width="350" height="15" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/title.png" width="400" height="110" alt="Title" title="Title" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='center'><b>Vol. II., No 23.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JUNE 9, 1898 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Whole No. 83</b></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1898, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div>
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents">
+<tr><td align='left'>With the Editor</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_713'>713</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Letters</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_714'>714</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New Books</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_715'>715</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>American and Spanish Losses</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_717'>717</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Declarations of Neutrality</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_718'>718</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Second Call for Volunteers</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_719'>719</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Damage to the <i>Columbia</i></td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_719'>719</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Balloons for War Purposes</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_720'>720</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Taking Photographs of Battles</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_720'>720</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Use of Kites in War-time</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_721'>721</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New Armor-plate Contracts</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_722'>722</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Privateers for Spain</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_723'>723</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hawaii</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_724'>724</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>News from Spain</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_724'>724</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lieutenant Carranza in Trouble</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_725'>725</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>News from the Philippines</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_727'>727</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Postal Service in War-time</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_730'>730</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>European Powers and the Philippines</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_731'>731</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cable-Cutting and International Law</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_732'>732</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Riots in Italy</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_733'>733</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Leiter Wheat Deal</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_734'>734</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>News from West Africa</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_735'>735</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>War News</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_736'>736</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>LATEST NEWS</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_738'>738</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Flag</td><td align='left'><a href='#Page_742'>742</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 68px;">
+<img src="images/editor.png" width="68" height="100" alt="With the Editor" title="With the Editor" />
+</div>
+
+<p>We wish to call our subscribers' attention
+to our new binders for <span class="smcap">The Great Round
+World</span>. During the past year we have
+received many requests for missing numbers,
+also suggestions that some sort of
+cover or holder should be supplied, in or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_714" id="Page_714">[714]</a></span>der
+that numbers might be kept together, constant
+reference being made to back numbers, the loss of one
+causing much <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'incovenience'">inconvenience</ins>. After giving the matter
+careful study, we have at last succeeded in making a
+handy case, in which the numbers as issued may be
+inserted. This case is strongly bound in cloth, with
+a handsome design on back and sides; the copies of
+<span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> can be inserted without
+mutilating them in any way, and be kept clean and
+in condition for binding.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 75px;">
+<img src="images/letters.png" width="75" height="26" alt="Letters" title="Letters" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<span class="smcap">Editor Of the Great Round World.</span><br />
+
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I am very much interested in the war,
+and would like to do something for my country. Could
+you suggest something that a little girl could do?
+
+<div class='right'>
+<span style="margin-right: 6em;">Respectfully yours,</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Alma D.</span><br />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Other boys and girls are gathering illustrated papers,
+periodicals, and books to be forwarded to the
+soldiers and sailors. You can help in this way.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<span class="smcap">Editor of the Great Round World.</span><br />
+
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In your issue of April 21st, you speak of the Russian
+officer Milutine having said that no Christian had ever
+succeeded in entering and leaving Mecca before his doing
+so. Sir Richard Burton distinctly states that he
+was the first man ever to accomplish this feat, as you
+will see by his book. Who is correct?
+
+<div class='right'>
+<span style="margin-right: 6em;">Very truly yours,</span><br />
+J. T.<br />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>If you read the account again, you will see that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_715" id="Page_715">[715]</a></span>
+Milutine is quoted as having said that he had heard
+that no Christian had previously gone to Mecca and
+returned safely. It is true that Burton did precede
+Milutine. <span class="smcap">Editor.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<h2>New Books</h2>
+
+<p>"Manipulation of the Microscope," Edward
+Bausch (Rochester: Bausch &amp; Lomb Optical
+Co.). At this season of the year, when so many of
+our readers are interested in the study of botany and
+other nature work, the use of the microscope enters
+largely into their work&mdash;and yet how few people really
+understand this most useful instrument. The writer
+of this admirable little book very sensibly assumes
+that his readers are anxious to learn the subject from
+its simplest form to the more complex details, and he
+has therefore made a thoroughly useful book. Few
+people realize the delight of using a microscope intelligently,
+nor do they grasp the true value of even the
+simple pocket forms of this invaluable little instrument.
+If they did properly appreciate the microscope,
+every boy would carry a two or three loop
+lens, and find it as useful almost as the indispensable
+jackknife. The wonders of field, forest, and seashore
+are not thoroughly appreciated unless the microscope
+is used&mdash;<i>intelligently</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_716" id="Page_716">[716]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/ship.png" width="400" height="223" alt="SPANISH TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER, &quot;FUROR.&quot;" title="SPANISH TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER, &quot;FUROR.&quot;" />
+<span class="caption">SPANISH TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER, &quot;FUROR.&quot;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_717" id="Page_717">[717]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>Current History</h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In our last number we give a review of the first
+month of the war. In glancing over the news, it
+is extremely interesting to contrast the losses of Spain
+with those of the United States. In the campaign
+off Cuba, we have had less than thirty men killed and
+wounded, whereas the Spaniards have lost several
+hundreds; they have had many of their fortifications
+destroyed, and have suffered great damage in other
+ways&mdash;by the capture of vessels, etc. In the far East,
+Spain's fleet was destroyed, and many men killed and
+wounded; against this was a loss on our part of one
+man killed and six wounded, and approximately no
+damage to our vessels.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/house.png" width="400" height="255" alt="THE CASINO ESPA&Ntilde;OL, FACING PLAZA, SANTIAGO DE CUBA." title="THE CASINO ESPA&Ntilde;OL, FACING PLAZA, SANTIAGO DE CUBA." />
+<span class="caption">THE CASINO ESPA&Ntilde;OL, FACING PLAZA, SANTIAGO DE CUBA.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The escape of the <i>Oregon</i> is considered another victory
+for us, as during that trip of about fifteen thousand
+miles she might easily have been intercepted and
+destroyed had she not been splendidly handled. Her
+run of four thousand miles between San Francisco
+and Callao (cal-ye-&auml;-o) is the longest ever made by a
+battle-ship without stop, and in the latter part of her
+trip, on one long stretch, she averaged over fifteen
+knots, a wonderful speed at the end of a trip of over
+ten thousand miles&mdash;for a vessel's bottom becomes
+very foul with barnacles, seaweed, etc., which greatly
+retard its passage through the water.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_718" id="Page_718">[718]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It is reported that, while coaling at Rio, a number
+of dynamite-bombs were smuggled into the coal, but
+fortunately they were discovered by the sailors.</p>
+
+<div class='center'>Authority for pronunciation of proper names: Century Dictionary.</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Action in reference to neutrality has been taken
+by Russia, Greece, Venezuela, the Netherlands,
+and Canada. The declaration of neutrality by Venezuela
+is of special importance, as Spain's fleet would
+have found Venezuelean ports of inestimable value as
+places of refuge and for the purpose of coaling.
+Venezuela expresses her position in the one sentence:
+"The Republic will observe the strictest
+neutrality during the contest." No statement is
+made, however, as to what will be considered contraband.</p>
+
+<p>The Dutch proclamation of neutrality, in addition
+to the usual forms, especially cautions the citizens of
+the Netherlands against becoming connected in any
+way with privateering; and the Dutch vessels are also
+required to respect the blockade; in reference to coal,
+the Dutch regulation is that only enough shall be sold
+to permit Spanish or American vessels to reach the
+nearest port of their country.</p>
+
+<p>The Russian proclamation contains a statement to
+the effect that the Imperial Government, in concert
+with the other powers, had endeavored to find a
+means which would prevent an armed conflict between
+the two countries; that such friendly measures were
+without result, and that the Imperial Government
+"witnesses with regret the armed conflict between
+two states to which she is united by old friendship
+and deep sympathy; it is firmly resolved in regard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_719" id="Page_719">[719]</a></span>
+to the two belligerents that a perfect and impartial
+neutrality will be observed."</p>
+
+<p>Greece has simply declared that the strictest neutrality
+will be maintained.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>On the 25th of May, President McKinley issued a
+call for 75,000 additional volunteers; of the
+previous volunteers called for, about 112,000 have
+been mustered into the army; with the addition that
+is now called for, the army will number about 250,000;
+and it is expected that active operations will be
+begun at once, and that Porto Rico as well as Cuba
+will be seized at the earliest possible moment; it is
+expected that part of our fleet will proceed at once to
+San Juan, Porto Rico, and destroy the fortifications
+there, so that our army can without serious opposition
+land on the island.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The cruiser <i>Columbia</i>, which was disabled in a
+collision off Long Island, is being rapidly repaired
+in the Brooklyn Navy-Yard. If she had not
+been very strong there is little doubt but that the
+<i>Foscolia</i> would have cut her in two; the frames of the
+vessel, however, are so well constructed that these,
+with the protective deck, prevented more serious damage.
+Naval officers are very much pleased to find how
+well the vessel withstood the collision; they say that
+if the <i>Columbia</i> had been a ship like the large ocean
+liners, nothing would have prevented her sinking
+with the ship that struck her. When the officer on
+the <i>Columbia</i> saw that a collision was inevitable, he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_720" id="Page_720">[720]</a></span>
+gave the order "Full speed ahead"; it is very fortunate
+that he did so, as otherwise the <i>Foscolia</i> would
+have hit her amidships; and the damage must then
+have been very serious, as the water compartments in
+that part of the vessel are large, and when filled
+might have caused her to capsize. The damage
+proves to be much less severe than was at first
+thought; after two or three weeks it is thought she
+will be on duty again.</p>
+
+<p>This is not the first time that the <i>Columbia</i> has
+been in trouble of this kind; two years ago she collided
+with the <i>Wyanoke</i>, a coasting steamer; in spite
+of the trying circumstances at that time, not a man
+was lost on the sinking coaster, so perfect was the
+discipline on the <i>Columbia</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>It is reported that the balloons recently received
+from Paris will be sent forward with the first expedition
+to Cuba; arrangements for equipping the
+balloon train are under charge of Lieut. Joseph E.
+Maxfield of the Signal Service. It is reported that
+one of the French balloons will be first given a careful
+test from the deck of one of the war-ships off
+Cuba. The necessary plant for generating the gas
+is already in Tampa; the gas will be forwarded in
+steel tubes, which will hold a large volume when the
+gas is compressed.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>It is now proposed to take the necessary apparatus
+to Cuba, and have pictures of the bombardment
+of Havana and of other engagements made for reproduction
+with the cinematograph. Dr. D. S. Elmen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_721" id="Page_721">[721]</a></span>dorf
+is now at Tampa, Fla., making elaborate preparations
+for taking these pictures. The cinematograph
+is a wonderful invention. By a clever arrangement
+hundreds of photographs are taken, one after the
+other, with marvellous rapidity; these pictures are
+printed on a long strip, and made to pass through
+the magic lantern as rapidly as when the photographs
+were taken; the result is a composite picture
+which, when thrown upon a screen, reproduces every
+motion.</p>
+
+<p>Edison was the one who invented this system of
+taking in succession very rapidly a great number of
+pictures of moving objects. We hope that Dr. Elmendorf
+will be successful, for we will then be able
+to see these interesting scenes; and if by a clever use
+of the phonograph or graphophone he can record the
+sound of the guns, we may not only see, but hear, the
+battles.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> last year we described
+experiments that were being made with kites by
+Mr. W. E. Eddy, of Bayonne, N. J., who has been
+largely instrumental in promoting interest in scientific
+kite-flying. Kites have been made of such power
+as to carry a heavy cable from one point to another
+over some obstruction, or to lift a man some distance
+from the ground for the purpose of observation. It
+is now planned to make use of the kites for offensive
+and defensive purposes in connection with the invasion
+of Cuba. These kites can be raised to an enormous
+height and photographs taken of the country,
+or, if necessary, by a clever device which slides on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_722" id="Page_722">[722]</a></span>
+the string of the kite, dynamite can be carried to a
+point over the enemies' camp or fortifications and
+dropped into them.</p>
+
+<p>It is also believed that the kite will be of great
+value for signalling purposes, especially at night, as
+it will be possible to hoist electric incandescent lamps
+to a great height above the earth and signal by turning
+the light on or off in accordance with a settled
+code. Mr. Eddy estimates that it will be possible to
+drop fifty pounds of dynamite at a time from a distance
+a mile away; the plan is to send up these kites
+from within the lines of the attacking force and drop
+the dynamite into the fortifications of Havana. The
+men who fly the kites can remain out of sight of the
+forts; and the kite will be such a small mark and so
+high up in the air as to be very difficult to hit with a
+rifle-ball.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>After a great deal of discussion in Congress, and
+many delays in finishing our war-ships because
+of the price asked for armor by the large armor companies,
+it was decided that the maximum rate&mdash;that
+is, the highest price&mdash;that the Government would pay
+should be $400 per ton; until this change was made
+neither of the great armor-plate manufacturers would
+bid, and, as a result, armor was not obtainable. May
+24th, bids were opened for supplying the three battle-ships,
+<i>Illinois</i>, <i>Alabama</i>, and <i>Wisconsin</i>, now being
+constructed by the Union Iron Works, Newport News.
+About a year ago the Government advertised for bids
+for supplying this armor, but no bids were received
+because Congress had made the limit of price too<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_723" id="Page_723">[723]</a></span>
+low. Bids opened on the 24th were from two companies,
+the Bethlehem Iron Works and Carnegie &amp;
+Co. It is evident that an arrangement had been entered
+into between the two, as one company bid to
+supply the armor for the <i>Alabama</i>, and the other for
+the <i>Wisconsin</i>, the bids in each case being the same&mdash;that
+is, at the maximum price of $400 per ton.</p>
+
+<p>The armor for the <i>Alabama</i> will cost $1,022,504;
+that for the <i>Wisconsin</i>, $1,023,504; the first of this
+armor will be delivered in about seven months, and
+thereafter about 300 tons will be delivered monthly.
+At this rate it will be about fifteen months before the
+last of the armor is ready.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>It is reported that Spain is about to sanction the
+commission or fitting out of privateers to prey
+upon our commerce. In the Spanish newspapers appear
+almost daily criticisms of our <i>cowardly</i> methods
+of carrying on the war. At one time it is stated that
+our vessels have been seen flying the Spanish flag in
+order that they may surprise some ship of theirs; at
+another time our <i>cowardly</i> attack upon some fort in
+Cuba is mentioned, when we sneak up under cover of
+darkness only to beat a hasty retreat when the first
+gun is fired.</p>
+
+<p>In the face of such conduct, it is claimed by the
+Spaniards that we are entitled to no consideration,
+and it is believed both here and abroad that all of
+this kind of absurd talk means that Spain contemplates
+a resort to privateers to get even with us.</p>
+
+<p>Privateers, in former years, when fitted out by
+Spain have acted so much like pirates that they have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_724" id="Page_724">[724]</a></span>
+been considered and treated as such by England and
+by other nations, and the whole system has been so
+seriously condemned that it is believed that, should
+either Spain or this country fit out privateers, other
+nations would immediately interfere and put a stop
+to it.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>There has been considerable discussion in reference
+to Hawaii; the question of annexation is
+favored almost universally by our people and in Congress;
+in fact, the annexation of the island is now
+considered not merely advisable, but absolutely necessary.
+In sending troops from this country to the
+Philippine Islands we must stop on the way for supplies,
+and should Hawaii be captured by the Spaniards
+or annexed by another power, it would prove a
+very serious matter to us; it is to be hoped that the
+question of annexation will be settled at once.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Very little news of interest is received from Spain.
+In the list of the new Spanish ministry, published
+week before last, we included the name of
+Se&ntilde;or Leon y Castillo as Minister of Foreign Affairs;
+Se&ntilde;or Castillo did not accept the office, which was
+then offered to Duke Almodovar de Rio, who has
+accepted.</p>
+
+<p>The duke said that he did not wish the office, but
+accepted it on patriotic grounds, "as every Spaniard
+is bound to devote all his powers to the defence of
+his country." The duke is well and favorably known
+in England, where he was educated, and it is considered
+that the choice for this office is a good one.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_725" id="Page_725">[725]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Spanish Minister of Finance, in discussing
+Spain's financial condition, recently said that he considered
+it satisfactory, and that the payment of all
+expenses of the war is assured; as a means of raising
+additional funds he proposes to convert the floating
+debt, now amounting to about 500,000,000 pesetas,
+into treasury bonds of small denomination, and to
+extend the Bank of Spain note issues. Spain may
+by this issue of additional paper money find herself
+in as unfortunate a position as did Cuba when Weyler
+endeavored to force paper money upon the people
+there. With an increase of twenty per cent. on taxes
+of all kinds, and with a paper money of doubtful
+value, Spain will indeed be in a sorry predicament.</p>
+
+<p>Later reports from Spain would indicate that a
+crisis is approaching; business is at a standstill,
+and a famine imminent, as provisions are so high as
+to place them beyond the reach of the poorer people.
+It is thought that if an encounter with our fleet ends
+in disaster to Admiral Cervera, a revolution is inevitable.
+It is said that Emperor Francis Joseph of
+Austria has advised the Queen to leave the country,
+but that she has expressed her determination to remain
+and face the result.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Lieutenant Carranza, to whom we are indebted
+for the admirable explanation of why
+Spain should not be held responsible for the <i>Maine</i>
+disaster, published in <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> some
+weeks ago, is having an unpleasant time in Canada.
+Together with several other Spanish officials he has
+been carrying on an "information bureau" for the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_726" id="Page_726">[726]</a></span>
+Spanish Government; by information bureau we mean
+a system of receiving and forwarding reports to the
+Spanish Government in reference to our fortifications,
+etc. The present trouble has arisen from the fact
+that a letter containing important information has
+been mislaid; he accuses Joseph Kellert, a Montreal
+detective, and two other persons of entering his room
+and stealing this letter. They are making such a fuss
+over the matter that the letter must have been an
+exceedingly important one.</p>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_727" id="Page_727">[727]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>A despatch has been received from Admiral
+Dewey, dated May 20th, addressed to the Secretary
+of the Navy; he cables as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Situation is unchanged. Blockade is continued.
+There is a great scarcity of provisions in Manila.
+The foreign subjects fear an outbreak of Spanish
+soldiers; arrangements have been made for the transfer
+of these foreign subjects to Cavite if necessary.
+The rebel commander-in-chief, Aguinaldo, who was
+brought here by the <i>McCulloch</i>, is reorganizing a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_729" id="Page_729">[729]</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_728" id="Page_728">[728]</a></span>
+force, and may render assistance that will be valuable."</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 203px;">
+<img src="images/portrait1.png" width="203" height="300" alt="NEGRO TYPE&mdash;PHILIPPINE ISLANDS" title="NEGRO TYPE&mdash;PHILIPPINE ISLANDS" />
+<span class="caption">NEGRO TYPE&mdash;PHILIPPINE ISLANDS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The first shipment of troops to the Philippine Islands
+started May 25th on the three transports, <i>City
+of Pekin</i>, <i>Australia</i>, and <i>City of Sydney</i>. When these
+vessels left San Francisco, late in the afternoon, the
+shores were lined with people, and there was great
+enthusiasm. These three transports carry about
+twenty-five hundred men; the expedition is under
+command of Brigadier-General Anderson, and consists
+of four companies of regulars under Major Robe;
+the First Regiment California Volunteers, Colonel
+Smith; the First Regiment Oregon Volunteers, Colonel
+Summers; and a battalion of fifty heavy artillery,
+Major Gary; and in addition to these a number of
+sailors, naval officers, a large amount of ammunition
+and naval stores for Admiral Dewey's fleet, and supplies
+sufficient to last a year. It was expected that
+the fleet would arrive at the Sandwich Islands by
+Tuesday, May 31st; it will proceed from this port in
+company with the <i>Charleston</i>, and should arrive at
+Manila about June 20th. A detachment of the United
+States Engineers was ordered from Willets Point,
+N. Y., to the Philippines, under command of Captain
+Langfitt; Captain Langfitt is an expert in the matter
+of torpedoes and harbor defences of this kind, and
+it is thought that his mission at the Philippines will
+be to fortify the different harbors by planting mines,
+torpedoes, etc.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 199px;">
+<img src="images/portrait2.png" width="199" height="300" alt="MALAY TYPE&mdash;PHILIPPINE ISLANDS." title="MALAY TYPE&mdash;PHILIPPINE ISLANDS." />
+<span class="caption">MALAY TYPE&mdash;PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Now that the reinforcements are well on their way,
+there is no reason to feel any anxiety in reference to
+any expedition which might be sent from Spain.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_730" id="Page_730">[730]</a></span>
+The shortest route from Cadiz is, of course, by way
+of the Suez Canal; the distance by this route is over
+8,000 miles; from San Francisco to Manila, by way
+of the Sandwich Islands, is but 7,000 miles; therefore
+we have at least a week the start of any expedition
+which might leave Spain. The troops sent on the
+three transports which sailed May 25th will be sufficient
+to garrison Corregidor Island; with strong fortifications
+on this island at the entrance of Manila Bay,
+it is believed that we can prevent the entrance of any
+fleet. The only fleet which it is possible for Spain
+to send at this time is Admiral Camara's; in this
+there are but two armorclads, the <i>Pelayo</i> and <i>Emperadar
+Carlos V</i>. Admiral Dewey would not consider
+them sufficiently formidable to give him any anxiety.</p>
+
+<p>Unless we meet with misfortune or great reverses
+in dealing with the Spanish forces now at the Philippines,
+there is little doubt but that they are ours by
+this time.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Now that the Philippine Islands are to be kept
+by us, the previous regulations in reference to
+mails have been changed. When war was declared
+the Post-Office Department shut off communication
+with the Philippine Islands, as well as with other
+Spanish countries. A new order has been issued,
+and mail may now be sent to the Philippine Islands
+by way of San Francisco. In times of war this country
+permits soldiers to mail letters to their homes
+without prepaying postage; this is a great advantage
+to them, as we can readily understand that while on
+a campaign post-offices cannot be reached and postage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_731" id="Page_731">[731]</a></span>
+stamps are not easy to get. The officers or men have
+simply to write on the letters, "Soldier's letter,"
+"Sailor's letter," "Marine's letter," and they will be
+carried by post to their destination and postage collected
+there without extra charge. Under ordinary
+circumstances letters will not be carried unless partly
+prepaid; and if foreign postage is not fully prepaid a
+penalty in the shape of extra postage is added to the
+regular rate, and collected upon delivery.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>European powers are watching with great interest
+our movements in the East. Admiral
+Dewey's victory, it is considered, has put an end to
+Spanish sovereignty in the East. European governments
+evidently expect the United States to keep the
+Philippines, and it is difficult to see any other solution,
+as it will certainly not be advisable to return the
+islands to Spain, nor would this be consistent with
+the "war for humanity's sake." Spain's cruelties in
+the Philippines have been even more excessive than
+in Cuba, and we certainly should not again place the
+islands in the hands of that cruel taskmaster, Spain.
+It has been suggested that we cede them to some European
+power; the question is, Can we do this? These
+powers are so jealous of each other that they will not
+stand quietly by and see any one of their number
+favored by a gift of such importance; on the other
+hand, the presence of an American colony in Eastern
+Asia will be a thorn in the side of the great powers;
+we have, therefore, to choose which horn of the dilemma
+we shall accept. The final settlement of the matter
+will, no doubt, cause many new complications and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_732" id="Page_732">[732]</a></span>
+material changes in the traditional policy of our Government.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The mysterious sailing of the steamship <i>Adria</i>
+from Key West, a week ago, has attracted a
+good deal of comment; it is said that she had on
+board many miles of submarine cable, together with
+the necessary appliances for grappling, splicing, and
+laying, and telegraphic instruments for use on shore.
+It is believed that the purpose is to cut the cable
+off shore, splice a piece to it, and carry it to some
+unfrequented spot and there establish a cable station;
+this would enable our authorities to communicate
+quickly with Washington&mdash;when the invasion of Cuba
+takes place, or to keep the insurgents advised as to
+our movements.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>A very interesting question of international law
+has been brought up by the cutting of the
+cables by Admiral Dewey; it is claimed that by
+doing this he has established an international precedent,
+for his cutting of the cable connecting a country
+at war with another country is a forcible interference
+with communication which has not been practised
+in any previous war.</p>
+
+<p>The question of cable-cutting has never come up
+before as a means of offensive warfare, as it is only
+in recent years that there has been any extensive laying
+of cables. Dewey's example has been followed
+by the blockading fleet off Cuba; this fact establishes
+beyond all peradventure the position that this Gov<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_733" id="Page_733">[733]</a></span>ernment
+has assumed. The British Government evidently
+believes that in the time of war the right to
+cut cables connecting the opposing nation with other
+countries is one which may be assumed without violation
+of international law. In a speech on this matter,
+Mr. Balfour, First Lord of the Treasury, quoting
+in Parliament a few days ago an agreement made in
+Paris in 1884, in reference to the protection of cables
+by different nations, said: "By Article XV. of this
+convention, in time of war a belligerent signatory
+to the convention (that is, a county signing this
+agreement) is as free to act with respect to submarine
+cables as if the convention did not exist. I am not
+prepared, therefore, to say that a belligerent, on the
+ground of military exigency, would under no circumstances
+be justified in interfering with cables between
+the territory of the opposing power and any other
+part of the world."</p>
+
+<p>Our State Department considers that this statement
+on the part of Great Britain commits that country to
+the policy regarding cables which we have recently
+put into practice; her approval of our action virtually
+establishes this right as a principle of international
+law.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Very serious trouble is anticipated in Italy because
+of the hopeless poverty of much of the
+peasantry, and the apparent inefficiency of the present
+system of government. The Italian peasant barely
+succeeds under the most advantageous circumstances
+in obtaining food enough for himself and family; consequently
+every change in the price of bread is a se<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_734" id="Page_734">[734]</a></span>rious
+matter to him; under the present Government
+the taxes have become heavier, and this is sure at no
+distant date to bring about a crisis; that this crisis
+is near is shown by the recent bread riots. The only
+hope of averting trouble is a change in the policy of
+the Italian Government.</p>
+
+
+<p>Many people in Europe are asking why the price
+of wheat continues to advance, as there is apparently
+no reason, for the Spanish-American war has created
+no increased demand, nor has it seriously interfered
+with the shipment of grain. The increase in price is
+accounted for, by those who are familiar with these
+subjects, on the ground that there seems to be a general
+conspiracy to hold back supplies from Europe in
+the hope of obtaining higher prices, and in consequence
+scarcity is created in certain markets, thus
+causing the rise in price both there and elsewhere,
+and with each rise in price comes additional reason
+for the holding back of supplies on the part of the
+speculators who are manipulating the market.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>It is rather interesting to turn from the account of
+the riots in Italy to a brief history of Joseph
+Leiter's famous wheat deal. This wheat deal, which
+has just been closed, is the most remarkable that has
+ever been known in the history of the grain markets.
+Leiter has not only made himself rich, but has added
+to the wealth of the farmers in the West enormously.
+Every effort on the part of other speculators to force
+Leiter to the wall has been unsuccessful. Last fall
+when he was buying, they turned over enormous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_735" id="Page_735">[735]</a></span>
+quantities of wheat, but he seemed to have untold
+millions at his command, for he met every offer with
+cash, and demonstrated that he had more money if
+they could furnish more wheat: the result was that
+wheat went up, up, up, until it reached nearly $2 a
+bushel, and Leiter has made, it is estimated, over
+$4,000,000, or nearly $500 <i>an hour</i> since April of last
+year.</p>
+
+<p>The account of the troubles in Italy, and the great
+prosperity resulting from Leiter's success here, simply
+demonstrate what has been called attention to
+before&mdash;that what affects one part of the world has
+its influence upon the rest. A contribution from the
+prospered wheat farmers (and Leiter) to the suffering
+poor in Italy would not be amiss under the circumstances.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/tb.png" width="300" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In our recent numbers we mentioned the trouble in
+the Sierra Leone Protectorate. This trouble has
+been ascribed to the hut tax; this tax is practically
+the only tax levied upon the natives, and it is for the
+purpose of raising sufficient revenue to prevent slave-trading.
+The trouble in this colony has arisen indirectly,
+not directly, as a result of this tax, as the
+slave-traders have used it as a pretext for stirring
+up the rebellion among the natives. England for
+many years has been doing her best to suppress
+slave-trading, and the slave-traders make use of any
+grievance, imaginary or otherwise, in their attempts
+to overthrow the power of the white men, in order
+that their barbarous man-hunting may not be interfered
+with. Several men-of-war have been sent by
+England to <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Sierre'">Sierra</ins> Leone, and are to be reinforced by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_736" id="Page_736">[736]</a></span>
+others; troops have also been sent to the assistance
+of the missionaries and others whose lives are endangered
+by the uprising of the natives.</p>
+
+<p>Day by day news from this district becomes more
+alarming; all of this part of Africa is at the present
+time in a state of great excitement, and it is expected
+that great difficulty will be experienced in suppressing
+the revolt. Early in May, the rebels attacked the
+American mission at Rotufunk and killed five of the
+American missionaries&mdash;Mr. and Mrs. Kane, Miss
+Archer, Miss Hatfield, and Miss Schenck. Their
+bodies have been recovered.</p>
+
+<p>The hut tax, which has been made a pretext for all
+this trouble, amounts to about one shilling a year for
+each member of the population, or, in case of families,
+five shillings for each family. The insurrection was
+started by a native chief who has given the colonial
+government much trouble heretofore.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/sub.png" width="400" height="112" alt="Submarine" title="Submarine" />
+</div>
+
+<p>During the latter part of May there were first
+rumors, then reports, and then confirmed reports
+that the Spanish fleet was at Santiago, Cuba,
+and that it was caught as in a trap by our war-vessels.</p>
+
+<p>The harbor of Santiago is a deep one, with a very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_737" id="Page_737">[737]</a></span>
+narrow mouth, as stated in a recent issue of <span class="smcap">The
+Great Round World</span>. The Navy Department feels
+extremely happy over the locating of the Spanish
+fleet and the fact that it may be kept where it is for
+the present; this will make possible the invasion of
+Cuba and the carrying out of the general plans of the
+campaign without fear of having them interrupted by
+attack from the Spanish vessels. Santiago is not
+very well supplied with provisions, and it will be but
+a question of time when the Spanish fleet must either
+force their way out of the harbor or else surrender.
+It is to be hoped that the capture of this fleet will be
+accomplished without battle, for battle will mean a
+large loss on both sides, and it can have but one ultimate
+outcome. The inevitable may be deferred, but
+the United States is pretty sure to win in the long
+run.</p>
+
+<p>One or two of our battle-ships or monitors stationed
+at the entrance of the harbor will be sufficient to prevent
+the exit of the Spaniards, even if we do not succeed
+in so blocking the channel with obstructions as
+to make exit impossible; this will leave the rest of
+our fleet free to operate elsewhere. Great vigilance
+will be exercised to prevent the Spanish torpedo-boats
+from running out and attacking our vessels under
+cover of darkness. The entrance to the harbor is so
+narrow that a patrol of small boats can be established,
+making such an attack almost impossible.</p>
+
+<p>Cables connecting Cuba with the world outside are
+being rapidly located and cut, and by the time this
+paper goes to press Cuba will no doubt be cut off entirely,
+and we will cease to see reports from Madrid of
+what is going on in Havana and elsewhere in Cuba.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_738" id="Page_738">[738]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 100px;">
+<img src="images/news.png" width="100" height="91" alt="Latest News" title="Latest News" />
+</div>
+
+<p>May 31st Commodore Schley made an attack
+upon the forts at the entrance to the
+harbor of Santiago, with the intention of
+ascertaining the position and strength of
+the fortifications. At one o'clock in the afternoon
+of that day the signal to form column was hoisted
+on the <i>Massachusetts</i>; the <i>New Orleans</i>, <i>Iowa</i>, and
+<i>Vixen</i> followed her as she steamed slowly toward
+the harbor entrance. When between three and four
+miles from shore two of her 13-inch guns were fired;
+it is reported that one of the shells struck the
+partly dismantled Spanish war-ship <i>Reina Mercedes</i>,
+crashing through her bow and killing a number
+of men; two shots followed quite near the same
+vessel; the two guns in the forward turret sent their
+projectiles so close to the Spanish flagship that the
+spray was thrown all over her. The shore batteries
+at this time began a rapid fire on the <i>Massachusetts</i>,
+but she was soon beyond their range. The fire
+was then turned on the <i>New Orleans</i>; the shells from
+this vessel struck the large battery on the hill above
+Morro Castle, and a great cloud of dust and d&eacute;bris
+rose in the air as the shells burst. They must have
+done considerable damage; the shells which followed
+sent portions of the wall of Morro Castle tumbling
+down, a mass of ruins. Almost every shot found a
+mark in either the batteries or vessels. It was the
+<i>Iowa's</i> turn next; her shells made things lively for
+the Spanish fleet in the harbor, although it is believed
+she was not successful in hitting any of the Spanish
+vessels. The little <i>Vixen</i> swept along after her predecessors,
+and banged away with her one 6-pounder<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_739" id="Page_739">[739]</a></span>
+with as great an air of importance as if it had been a
+13-inch rifle; then she steamed away in a triumphant
+manner, as much as to say: "I have done my share."
+The commodore promptly ordered her to keep out
+of danger. The ironclads turned, and a second time
+bore down on the harbor, and when within five miles
+the shells began again to fall thick and fast around
+the Spanish vessels, although accurate firing was
+almost out of the question, as the vessels were behind
+the hill out in sight, and range could not be ascertained.
+The Spaniards kept up a brisk cannonade
+long after our vessels had stopped firing; a tremendous
+amount of damage was done&mdash;to the Caribbean
+Sea; their shells did not come within a mile of our
+vessels.</p>
+
+<p>June 3d the auxiliary cruiser <i>St. Paul</i> returned to
+New York, after a two weeks' cruise in West Indian
+waters; she had been detailed for guard and scout
+duty, and was one of the first to discover the Spanish
+fleet in Santiago Bay. She left Key West May 18th,
+and arrived off Santiago about the 20th. The St.
+Louis had been detailed for similar service, and had
+been watching Santiago harbor with the expectation
+that the Spanish vessels would attempt to enter there;
+she, however, left on the 19th. It is supposed that
+Admiral Cervera must have entered the harbor in the
+twenty-four hours between this date and that of the
+arrival of the <i>St. Paul</i>.</p>
+
+<p>As it was advisable that her whereabouts should not
+be discovered to the Spaniards, the <i>St. Paul</i> cruised
+backward and forward about twenty miles out; she
+kept this distance off shore in order that the Spanish
+torpedo-boats might not make a dash out of the har<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_740" id="Page_740">[740]</a></span>bor
+in the darkness and torpedo her. It was not
+until the 23d that anything was seen of the Spaniards.
+Captain Sigsbee is quite confident that on this date
+he identified the <i>Vizcaya</i>, the <i>Christopher Colon</i>, and
+several torpedo-boat destroyers within the harbor;
+they were evidently making preparations for departure,
+but were too late, as our fleet under Commodore
+Schley reached the harbor before they could get away.</p>
+
+<p>The only excitement that the <i>St. Paul</i> had was the
+capture of the collier <i>Restormel</i>. The vessel was
+sighted very early one morning about five miles from
+the harbor entrance, running with all speed to obtain
+the protection of the batteries on shore. The <i>St.
+Paul</i> was too quick for her; crowding on all steam,
+the collier was soon overtaken and stopped by a solid
+shot fired across her bows. A prize crew was put on
+board and the vessel sent to Key West.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>St. Paul</i> is off again; her destination is, however,
+a secret.</p>
+
+<p>Another "great victory" was reported by the Spaniards
+on June 4th. In the despatch from Madrid it
+was stated that one of our most powerful vessels attempted
+to enter the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and
+had been blown up by a torpedo and sunk, her crew
+of six men and one officer being captured. There was
+something very inconsistent about the statement
+"most powerful vessel" with a crew of six men and
+one officer, but apparently the Spaniards overlooked
+this. The fact of the matter is that Admiral Sampson
+decided to close the harbor effectually, and in
+order to do this sent the collier <i>Merrimac</i> to the entrance
+of the channel and had her sunk there.</p>
+
+<p>This brilliant exploit was planned by a young offi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_741" id="Page_741">[741]</a></span>cer,
+Lieut. Richmond Pearson Hobson, who with
+seven volunteers carried it out in a most gallant way.</p>
+
+<p>At this distance and without experience of the fearful
+effect of modern gunnery, we cannot appreciate
+what a dangerous errand these brave men undertook.
+To sail close under the guns of many batteries and
+forts, through a narrow channel known to be mined,
+was to face death, and almost sure death&mdash;an act
+which will make their names famous. Yet when volunteers
+were called for, every man stepped forward
+and begged to be taken.</p>
+
+<p>At three o'clock Friday morning the <i>Merrimac</i>
+started. In the darkness she succeeded in getting
+well in shore before she was discovered; then shot
+and shell made the water white with spray all
+around her. But the brave fellows never flinched,
+and on they sailed until the narrowest part of the
+channel was reached. Down went the anchor, and
+soon a dull report in her hold told of the successful
+explosion of the torpedo which was to blow her
+bottom out and make her sinking certain.</p>
+
+<p>The crew left and succeeded in clearing the vessel
+before she went down. But two are reported to
+have been wounded, and these but slightly. All were
+captured and taken to Morro Castle.</p>
+
+<p>The great bravery of the gallant fellows was recognized
+by Admiral Cervera and he sent a boat with
+a flag of truce to advise Admiral Sampson that the
+men were safe and would be exchanged. This act of
+the Spanish admiral has won for him a feeling of
+great admiration in this country. It was the act of
+a noble man.</p>
+
+<p>The Spanish fleet is not only bottled up now, but
+the cork is in the bottle.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_742" id="Page_742">[742]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;">
+<img src="images/tb2.png" width="138" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE FLAG.</h2>
+
+<p>Many questions have reached us from subscribers
+and friends concerning the meaning and reason
+for the stars and stripes on the United States
+flag, and how the United States came to choose the
+colors and design of the flag.</p>
+
+<p>Early in Revolutionary times, each colony had its
+own flag, and they were very varied in design, and some
+had strange designs. The colony of Massachusetts
+had a pine-tree on its flag. South Carolina had a rattlesnake
+on a yellow flag, and underneath the snake
+the motto: "Don't tread on me." New York had a
+white flag with a beaver on it; and Rhode Island a
+white flag with a blue anchor.</p>
+
+<p>Many variations of the "stars and stripes" are
+found in the flags used during the first years of the
+Revolution. Some have red and white stripes, with
+the field (where the stars are in the flag we all know)
+like the field of the British flag&mdash;red, white, and blue
+lines crossing one another. This design in the corner
+of a flag is called its "jack," and is often used
+alone.</p>
+
+<p>In 1777, Congress declared that the flag should
+have thirteen horizontal stripes and thirteen white
+stars on a blue field, each representing one of the
+thirteen States. The idea of the adoption of the
+grouping of stars and stripes was doubtless taken from
+the arms of the Washington family, which consisted
+of a white shield with two horizontal red bars, and
+above these three red stars.</p>
+
+<p>It was the original intention to add a stripe and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_743" id="Page_743">[743]</a></span>
+star for each state admitted to the Union, and the
+grouping of the equal stripes was supposed to represent
+the unity of the Federation. In 1792 the stars
+and the stripes were both increased to fifteen on account
+of the admission to the Union of the States of
+Vermont and Kentucky, and, after this, others were
+added. In 1818, Congress decided to return to the
+original thirteen stripes, and to add a star for each
+new State, which plan has been followed since. The
+three colors, red, white, and blue, symbolize valor,
+purity, and truth.</p>
+
+<p>The United States has but one national flag, which
+is flown alike on buildings, men-of-war, and merchant
+vessels, and to us Americans its purity and beauty
+appeal strongly.</p>
+
+<p>A number of the foreign nations have different
+flags, known as the royal standard, the war flag, and
+the merchant flag. For instance, Spain has the three.
+The colors of Spain are red and yellow. The navy
+flag consists of three horizontal stripes&mdash;yellow in the
+middle, and a narrower red band at top and bottom.
+On the yellow band near the staff is a coat of arms
+surmounted by a crown. The merchant flag is made
+up of five horizontal stripes&mdash;a yellow in middle, a
+narrow red, then a narrow yellow, and then a broad
+red above and below. The colors, red and yellow,
+were the colors of the royal house of Aragon, whose
+fortunes were closely allied with the Spanish crown.
+The royal standard of Spain is an elaborate affair,
+divided into four parts, containing the heraldic
+arms of leading families of Spain, and many
+devices indicating the control of Spain over countries
+which it once held sway over, but which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_744" id="Page_744">[744]</a></span>
+have long since been lost to her, as Holland, Portugal,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>France uses the "tricolor," a flag of three vertical
+equal stripes, red, white, and blue, the blue being
+nearest the staff. France has undergone many political
+changes, and this, the flag of the Republic, was
+adopted in 1789.</p>
+
+<p>Germany's national flag has a white ground, divided
+into four parts by black lines&mdash;one broad black
+line and a narrow one on each side. At the centre is
+a circle containing the Prussian crowned eagle. The
+upper quarter, by the staff, is divided into three equal
+horizontal stripes, black, white, and red, and on these
+is a Maltese cross&mdash;the iron cross of Germany.</p>
+
+<p>The German merchant flag has red, white, and
+black horizontal stripes.</p>
+
+<p>Flags have grown by custom and international law
+to represent nationality. If they are insulted the insult
+is to the nation. In war they are protected by
+lives, and in peace they pass around the world, or float
+from their staffs on land&mdash;marks of their nation's
+strength and supremacy.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>SELECTED LIST OF NEW BOOKS</h2>
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="French">
+<tr><td align='left'><h2>FRENCH</h2></td><td align='center'><b>WITHOUT A MASTER.<br />ENTIRELY NEW</b></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b>Pitman's Practical French Grammar</b><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="adpar"><b>and Conversation for Self-Instruction.</b> The latest and most successful method
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+copious <span class="smcap">vocabularies</span>. <b>Price, paper boards, 40 cents; cloth, 50 cents, postpaid.</b></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A book of great value to those who would master French without a teacher."&mdash;Prof. <span class="smcap">J. H.
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+
+<div class='center'>
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+<i>Take Lessons at Metropolitan Shorthand School, 170 Fifth Avenue.</i><br />
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+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<h2>
+The Educational Courier</h2>
+<h3>
+W. I. THAMES, Editor</h3>
+<div class='adpar'><b>
+Is the oldest School
+Journal published in
+Mississippi. Devoted
+to the general cause
+of education. Keeps in close touch with educational matters in MISSISSIPPI.
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+
+<div class='center'><big><b>THE EDUCATIONAL COURIER</b></big><br />
+<b>Poplarville, Miss.</b><br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps">
+<tr><td align='left'><h3><span class="u">The Great Round World</span></h3></td><td align='left'><h2>REFERENCE ATLAS</h2></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<div class='adpar'>New maps by <span class="smcap">W. &amp; A. K. Johnston</span>, Edinburgh, Scotland. Specially
+adapted for ready reference, and invaluable in tracing geographically
+the current of events. Sent postpaid upon receipt of 25 cts. Address</div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUB. CO., 5 West 18th Street, New York City</b><br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Bound Volumes">
+<tr><td align='center'><div class='bbox'><h2>BOUND<br />VOLUMES</h2></div></td><td align='center'><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</b>
+<div class='adpar'>is bound four parts to the
+year. Part V., containing
+January 1 to March 31 (13
+numbers) is now ready :: ::</div></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='adpar'>Numbers in good condition may be exchanged for bound parts on payment
+of 35 cents for binding and 10 cents for return carriage.</div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Price of Bound Part, $1.00.</b> May be had in Red, Blue, or Green Binding.<br />
+<br />
+<i><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUB. CO., 5 West 18th St., New York City.</b></i></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+<h2>
+The.....<br />
+Educational Gazette<br />
+Teachers' Bureau<br />
+</h2>
+
+<div class="adpar">The Modern Teacher does not spend time
+and money in running over the State hunting
+a position. Instead, he or she selects
+the most reputable Teachers' Agency and
+registers, leaving the chances in the hands
+of experts. We never ask recompense
+except where actual service has been rendered.
+Thousands of teachers can testify
+to this. We do not desire your money
+until we have earned it. :: :: :: ::</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div>
+<span style="margin-left: 18em;"><b><big>Educational</big></b></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;"><b><big>Gazette Co.</big></b></span><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<small>PUBLISHERS AND<br />
+DEALERS IN<br /></small>
+
+<br />
+<br />
+EDUCATIONAL GAMES<br />
+<span class="smcap">and</span> SCHOOL SUPPLIES<br />
+OF ALL KINDS<br />
+</div>
+
+<div class='right'><span style="margin-right: 20em;"><b>Rochester, N. Y.</b></span></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>
+OUR BUREAU<br />
+IS....<br />
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<span style="margin-left: 18em;"><b><big>Open to</big></b></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 18em;"><b><big>All Teachers</big></b></span><br />
+<br /></div>
+
+<div>
+<span style="margin-left: 18em;"><small>WHO ARE SUBSCRIBERS, PAID</small></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 18em;"><small>ONE YEAR IN ADVANCE</small></span><br />
+</div>
+
+<h2>$1.00</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>Pays for the BEST
+Educational Paper in
+existence, and for registration
+fee one year.</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><span class='u'>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, N. Y.</span></h3>
+
+
+<h2>"ONE PIECE"</h2>
+
+<h2>Adjustable Book Covers.</h2>
+
+
+<p><b>These covers fit perfectly all sizes of books.</b> They are all
+<b>ready for use</b>&mdash;<b>properly gummed</b>&mdash;and do not have to be cut.
+They are made of a <b>special paper</b>, <b>manufactured exclusively</b> for
+these covers, which is admitted to be the <b>best for wear</b>, and also
+for <b>cleanliness</b>, as it is glazed and <b>cannot readily be soiled</b>.
+They are not easily torn, for when adjusted to a book all exposed
+edges are of double thickness.</p>
+
+<h3>
+SIZES.
+</h3>
+
+<p><b>No. A1&mdash;Per dozen, *20 cents. Per 100, $1.50.
+Per 1,000, $12.50.</b></p>
+
+<p>This size fits the smallest book, and also small 12mos.</p>
+
+
+<p><b>No. 1&mdash;Same price.</b></p>
+
+<p>Especially adapted to school and library books. It will fit 16mo. to small 8 vo.
+sizes, and is suitable for 90 per cent. of the school books in use.</p>
+
+
+<p><b>No. 2&mdash;Per dozen, *40 cents. Per 100, $2.50
+Per 1,000, $17.50.</b></p>
+
+<p>For small geographies, encyclop&aelig;dias, law books, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+<p><b>No. 3&mdash;Per dozen, *60 cents. Per 100, $3.50.
+Per 1,000, $25.00.</b></p>
+
+<p>For large geographies.</p>
+
+<div class="center">*PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE TO ANY ADDRESS.</div>
+
+<div class='center'><br /><br />
+<b>CAN THE BOOK COVERS YOU USE BE REMOVED
+WITHOUT DAMAGING THE BOOKS?</b><br />
+</div>
+
+<p><b>Do you not have to buy three sizes to cover Histories,
+Readers, Arithmetics, &amp;c.?</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Look at the book covers you are using and see how they
+stick to covers; they must injure the books.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>"ONE PIECE" Covers will not stick to or injure the
+covers of the books.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>One size will fit Arithmetics, Histories, &amp;c., and the new
+paper is acknowledged to be heavier, tougher, and better than
+any other cover paper used.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Send for samples and test them for yourself. Sample
+dozen, postpaid, 25 cents.</b></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h3>FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED</h3>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 75px;">
+<img src="images/spaindiv.png" width="75" height="16" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Spain">
+<tr><td align='left'><h2>A Short History of....</h2></td><td align='left'><h1>SPAIN</h1></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<small>BY</small><br />
+MARY PLATT PARMELE<br />
+<small>(Author of the famous Evolution of Empire Series of Histories)</small><br />
+<br /></div>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/flowerdiv.png" width="200" height="38" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+<div class='center'><br />
+<b><span class="u">10 Cents Each</span>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;    <i>POSTPAID</i>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;    <span class="u">$1.00 per Dozen</span></b><br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><b>WE QUOTE FROM LETTERS RECEIVED:</b></div>
+
+<p>" . . . Wonderfully condensed . . ." "It reads like a romance."
+"Can be finished in less than an hour, yet gives a full bird's-eye view of
+a country and people. The author's style is charming." "Accidentally
+running across your cute little History of Spain, I was so taken with it
+as an epitome of the sort that I have long believed there was room for,
+that I would like to see what else you have. So please mail me a couple
+of sample copies of your weekly, as I have not seen <i>that</i> yet."</p>
+
+<p>"Every school should have a course in Spanish History at this time."</p>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Second Edition Now in Press</b><br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<div class='center'><b>The Great Round World Publishing Company</b><br />
+<b>5 West 18th Street, New York City</b><br />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3><span class="u">.CLUB RATES.</span></h3>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 20px;">
+<img src="images/club.png" width="20" height="20" alt="Leaf" title="Leaf" />
+</div>
+<h2>"The Great Round World"</h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/club2.png" width="400" height="18" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Club Rates">
+<tr><td align='left'><i><big>Subscription<br />
+Price..<br />
+52 numbers..</big></i><br /><br /><br />
+<big><i>$1.50</i></big><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>per year</i></span><br /><br /><br />
+<big><i>Address</i></big><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><i>The Great</i></big><br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><i>Round World</i></big><br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><big><i>Publishing Co.</i></big></span>
+<br />
+<i>3 and 5 West<br />18th Street<br /></i>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>New York City</i></span></td><td align='left'><div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Magazine Prices">
+<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 50px;">
+<img src="images/magprice.png" width="50" height="16" alt="Flourish" title="Flourish" />
+</div></td><td align='center'><span class="smcap">price<br />separately</span></td><td align='center'><span class="smcap">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;with<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"g. r. w."</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Atlantic</td><td align='right'>$4.00</td><td align='right'>$5.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Book Buyer</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bookman</td><td align='right'>2.00</td><td align='right'>3.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Chap-Book</td><td align='right'>2.00</td><td align='right'>3.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Century Magazine</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>5.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cosmopolitan</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Critic</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Current Literature</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Forum</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Harper's <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Bazar'">Bazaar</ins></td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Monthly</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Weekly</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Illustrated American</td><td align='right'>4.00</td><td align='right'>4.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Independent</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Judge</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>6.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Leisure Hour</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Life</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>6.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lippincott's</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>3.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Literary Digest</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>McClure's</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Munsey's</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New England Magazine</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>North American Review</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>5.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Our Little Ones and Nursery</td><td align='right'>1.00</td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Outing</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>3.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Outlook</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Puck</td><td align='right'>5.00</td><td align='right'>6.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Review of Reviews</td><td align='right'>2.50</td><td align='right'>3.50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Saint Nicholas</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Scientific American</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Scribner's</td><td align='right'>3.00</td><td align='right'>4.00</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Short Stories</td><td align='right'>2.50</td><td align='right'>3.75</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Truth (New York)</td><td align='right'>2.50</td><td align='right'>3.50</td></tr>
+</table></div></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="center">
+<b><big>"The Great Round World"</big></b><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">will make club rates on any magazines</span></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/testdiv.png" width="350" height="17" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+<h2>..TESTIMONIALS..</h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/testdiv.png" width="350" height="17" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+<p><i>From Miss Mabel J. Penfield, Bellville, Kan.:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I feel that I can not get along without your paper the coming year. I
+am a teacher in the city schools in Bellville."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>From Miss M. M. Hughes, 202 West 83d Street:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"My pupils are very much interested in your little weekly paper."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>From S. W. Probert, School No. 13, Paterson, N. J.:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Kindly continue our subscription for the paper. We would not be without
+it for five times the amount."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>From W. D. Lewis, Executive Committee New York State Council
+of Grammar School Principals:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I consider <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> one of the most valuable factors
+in my school work. It takes the children out of the beaten paths and gives
+them an active interest in current history. Not only is it valuable for
+the children, but it furnishes an incentive to thought work so useful to
+many teachers."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>From Roland L. Beale, Kansas State Normal School, Emporia:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I have been taking <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> for six weeks, and it is
+the best little paper I ever saw. I cannot speak too highly of it."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>From Mrs. Ella F. Switzer, Denver, Col.:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I am a teacher in this city, and a subscriber to <span class="smcap">The Great Round
+World</span>. My pupils read it, in consequence of which they have more definite
+ideas on subjects relating to current events than many older people. Many
+of the parents of my pupils have spoken in praise of it. The other members
+of my family as well as myself read it instead of <i>wasting</i> time over
+the daily papers."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>From Mr. A. F. Otis, Houghton Gram. School, Augusta, Ga.:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I am delighted with the paper."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><i>From Miss A. W. Shortridge, 257 Benefit St., Providence, R. I.:</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Enclosed please find check for seventy-five cents for renewal of subscription
+of your publication for six months. I should like to tell you that
+having had classes in current events for both old and young people, I have
+never seen any other publication which so fully carries out my ideas of the
+subjects to be presented in such classes as your little magazine does. I have
+had classes every day in the week. I find moreover in your publication
+a most excellent r&eacute;sum&eacute;, especially for the younger classes. I have moreover
+recommended the magazine to many of my older people. I am writing
+this because I think it may be pleasant for you to hear that your work
+is appreciated."</p></div>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/testdiv.png" width="350" height="17" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+<h2>The Great Round World</h2>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/testdiv.png" width="350" height="17" alt="Divider" title="Divider" />
+</div>
+
+<div class='tnote'>
+<h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3>
+
+<p>Obvious punctuations errors repaired.</p>
+
+<p>The remaining corrections made are indicated by dotted lines under the corrections.
+Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'apprear'">appear</ins>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 18745-h.htm or 18745-h.zip *****
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,1895 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: July 3, 2006 [EBook #18745]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  _FIVE CENTS._
+
+  THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
+  AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT
+
+    Vol. 2--No. 23,              June 9, 1898.             No. 83.
+  [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter]
+
+  [Illustration: A
+  WEEKLY
+  NEWSPAPER
+  FOR
+  BOYS AND
+  GIRLS]
+
+  Subscription
+  $1.50 per year
+    .75 6 months
+
+
+      THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBL. CO.
+      NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY
+
+  =Copyright, 1898, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Great Round World
+
+Published Every Thursday Throughout the Year
+
+=Single Numbers, 5c. Each=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
+
+          One year, - 52 numbers   $1.50
+          Six months, 26  "          .75
+          Foreign subscriptions     2.25
+
+Numbers are bound up into four parts each year. Charge for binding, 35
+cents a part.
+
+Remittances should be by registered letter, or by check, express-order,
+or postal-order, payable to THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING CO.
+
+No receipts are sent for remittances unless requested. The number on the
+address label represents the number of the paper with which subscription
+will expire.
+
+Ten days' notice should be given of any change of address.
+
+          ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION
+
+          =ADDRESS:=
+
+          Great Round World Publishing Co.
+          =3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At any of the following stores copies and bound volumes of THE GREAT
+ROUND WORLD will be found on sale, and subscribers may exchange their
+numbers for bound volumes:
+
+          JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, Pa.
+          W. B. CLARKE & CO., Boston, Mass.
+          J. & R. SIMMS, 123 22d St., Chicago, Ill.
+          WOODWARD & LOTHROP, Washington, D. C.
+          PETER PAUL BOOK CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
+          BURROWS BROS. CO., Cleveland, Ohio.
+          PRESTON & ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I.
+          H. H. CARTER & CO., Boston, Mass.
+          WHITAKER & RAY CO., San Francisco, Cal.
+          THE ROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincinnati, O.
+          THE MARTIN & HOYT CO., Atlanta, Ga.
+          ST. PAUL BOOK & STATIONERY CO., St. Paul, Minn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_=TALK IS CHEAP=_
+
+=DON'T PAY $100 FOR A=
+
+          =TALKING
+          MACHINE=
+
+when you can buy one which for amusement will make the children happy
+and cause the old folks to smile. Complicated machines get out of order.
+
+=$3.50=
+
+[Illustration]
+
+=The United States Talking Machine=
+
+is simple, durable; no parts to break or get out of order. Any child can
+operate it. It is neatly encased in a hard wood box, well finished, size
+8-1/2x11-1/2x3-1/2 inches, with brass hinges and catch; has hearing
+tubes for two persons, one (Berliner's Gramophone) record and
+twenty-five needle points. Price, complete with one Record, (express
+charges prepaid) =$3.50=. Weight 4 lbs. Remit by Bank Draft, Express, or
+Post Office money order. =Agents wanted.=
+
+For terms and particulars address
+
+            =UNITED STATES TALKING MACHINE CO.=
+          =(DEPT. B) 57 E. 9th ST., NEW YORK CITY=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          =Mention...=
+
+          Great
+          Round
+          World
+
+          =When
+          Writing
+          Advertisers...=
+
+
+[Illustration: DO YOU BIKE AT NIGHT?]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          _Send for Our...._
+                  =Premium Catalogue=
+                            _Sent for 2-cent Stamp_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Patriotic Songs=
+
+          =Words and Music=
+          =10 Cents a Copy=
+
+JUST READY
+
+
+_ADDRESS:_
+
+          THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY
+               5 West 18th Street, New York
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Song of Life
+
+          _By MARGARET W. MORLEY. With illustrations
+          of flowers, fishes, frogs, birds, etc., set in the text.
+          12mo, $1.25._
+
+"It describes with artistic delicacy the transmission of that wonderful
+thing called life in both the plant and animal existence. The difficult
+subject is treated with such intelligence and charm of manner that
+children may read it with interest, and parents need have no fear of its
+influence."--_The Chicago Times._
+
+"Something of flower life, something of fish life, of frogs, and of
+birds, and a chapter on human life, form the subjects of this book,--all
+told in the graceful manner of a womanly woman, whose love for nature
+has given her a keener insight into nature's secrets, and a greater
+ability to impart those secrets to others with the ease of face-to-face
+talks than is vouchsafed to many people."--_The Boston Times._
+
+          =SPECIAL--25 copies of this exquisite book at 75 cents each.=
+
+          WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON, 5 West 18th Street.
+                          New York
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          FOUR TRUE STORIES OF LIFE AND ADVENTURE. By Jessie
+          R. Smith. New York: William Beverley Harison.
+          Price 36 cents, postpaid.
+
+"Four True Stories of Life and Adventure," by Jessie R. Smith. This is a
+book to be read by children, not to them. A child during the years of
+seven and nine is usually hungering for true stories, and some mothers
+and teachers try to meet the demand by reading and telling "true"
+stories to them. This is well and good, but it is clear that if this
+inborn craving could be met by books framed in language of such limited
+vocabulary and construction that so young a child would constantly be
+invited to the story, how valuable it would be. This book is designated
+to meet this end. Less than 750 different words are used in the entire
+series, and these, excepting the necessary geographical names, are all
+in the commonest use among children. The stories are of Columbus,
+Captain John Smith, Miles Standish, Benjamin Franklin. Mothers and
+teachers with children of from seven to nine years of age will give this
+book a hearty welcome--the teachers because the market supply is so
+painfully deficient in this line, and the mothers because it will so
+admirably solve the oft-repeated query of "Mother, what can I do next?"
+It is so well gotten out and still so cheap that it should have a large
+sale.--_Mother's Journal, March, 1898._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'TIS THE SMALL THINGS OF LIFE THAT GIVE PLEASURE
+
+          That's why the
+            "=DUBLEOOK=" Bicycle
+                              Hanger
+                           is PERFECT
+
+          =50c.=
+
+          =FULL NICKELED
+          COMPLETE=
+
+          =EASY= for Cleaning and Storing
+          =SAVES= Tires and Enamel
+          All Running Gear Free
+
+          Of all dealers or postpaid of
+
+          =THE G.W.E. CO., Room 1103, 26 Cortlandt Street, New York=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=BINDING CASE=
+
+To hold loose numbers of the current part of THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD--preventing them from being lost, getting soiled, or scattered.
+May be had in green, red, or blue cloth. =Price, 35 Cents.=
+
+                     ADDRESS
+          =Great Round World Publishing Co.=
+           =5 WEST 18TH STREET, NEW YORK.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LIVING METHOD FOR LEARNING
+
+
+=How to Think in French=
+
+The most successful means yet devised for learning and teaching how to
+SPEAK FRENCH.....
+
+=Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.00=
+
+"I am sure the book will accomplish precisely what is set to be its
+purpose."--=Prof. James W. Bright=, Johns Hopkins University.
+
+"You have done a great and beautiful work in the publication of your
+manuals."--=Bishop John H. Vincent=, Chancellor of Chautauqua.
+
+
+=How to Think in German=
+
+=Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.50=
+
+"As a practical book to aid in quickly acquiring the power of correct
+and fluent speaking of the German language this work has no
+equal."--=Scientific American=, Nov. 11, 1893, p. 316.
+
+
+=How to Think in Spanish=
+
+=Sent, postpaid, on receipt of $1.50=
+
+"The learner is not obliged to think of rules or of English words when
+he wishes to speak Spanish."--=N. Y. School Journal=, July 14, 1894.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+            =Prof. CH. F. KROEH, Author and Publisher=
+          Stevens Institute of Technology         HOBOKEN, N. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Great Round World
+
+And What Is Going On In It
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Vol. II., No. 23.   JUNE 9, 1898    Whole No. 83
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONTENTS.
+  LATEST NEWS                             774
+  With the Editor                         713
+  Letters                                 714
+  New Books                               715
+  American and Spanish Losses             717
+  Declarations of Neutrality              718
+  Second Call for Volunteers              719
+  Damage to the _Columbia_                719
+  Balloons for War Purposes               720
+  Taking Photographs of Battles           720
+  Use of Kites in War-time                721
+  New Armor-plate Contracts               722
+  Privateers for Spain                    723
+  Hawaii                                  724
+  News from Spain                         724
+  Lieutenant Carranza in Trouble          725
+  News from the Philippines               727
+  Postal Service in War-time              730
+  European Powers and the Philippines     731
+  Cable-Cutting and International Law     732
+  Riots in Italy                          733
+  The Leiter Wheat Deal                   734
+  News from West Africa                   735
+  War News                                736
+  LATEST NEWS                             738
+  The Flag                                742
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: =With the Editor=]
+
+We wish to call our subscribers' attention to our new binders for THE
+GREAT ROUND WORLD. During the past year we have received many requests
+for missing numbers, also suggestions that some sort of cover or holder
+should be supplied, in order that numbers might be kept together,
+constant reference being made to back numbers, the loss of one causing
+much inconvenience. After giving the matter careful study, we have at
+last succeeded in making a handy case, in which the numbers as issued
+may be inserted. This case is strongly bound in cloth, with a handsome
+design on back and sides; the copies of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD can be
+inserted without mutilating them in any way, and be kept clean and in
+condition for binding.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Letters
+
+          EDITOR OF THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+          I am very much interested in the war, and would
+          like to do something for my country. Could you
+          suggest something that a little girl could do?
+
+          Respectfully yours,
+                      ALMA D.
+
+Other boys and girls are gathering illustrated papers, periodicals, and
+books to be forwarded to the soldiers and sailors. You can help in this
+way.
+
+          EDITOR OF THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+          In your issue of April 21st, you speak of the
+          Russian officer Milutine having said that no
+          Christian had ever succeeded in entering and
+          leaving Mecca before his doing so. Sir Richard
+          Burton distinctly states that he was the first man
+          ever to accomplish this feat, as you will see by
+          his book. Who is correct?
+
+          Very truly yours,
+                  J. T.
+
+If you read the account again, you will see that Milutine is quoted as
+having said that he had heard that no Christian had previously gone to
+Mecca and returned safely. It is true that Burton did precede Milutine.
+EDITOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+New Books
+
+"Manipulation of the Microscope," Edward Bausch (Rochester: Bausch &
+Lomb Optical Co.). At this season of the year, when so many of our
+readers are interested in the study of botany and other nature work, the
+use of the microscope enters largely into their work--and yet how few
+people really understand this most useful instrument. The writer of this
+admirable little book very sensibly assumes that his readers are anxious
+to learn the subject from its simplest form to the more complex details,
+and he has therefore made a thoroughly useful book. Few people realize
+the delight of using a microscope intelligently, nor do they grasp the
+true value of even the simple pocket forms of this invaluable little
+instrument. If they did properly appreciate the microscope, every boy
+would carry a two or three loop lens, and find it as useful almost as
+the indispensable jackknife. The wonders of field, forest, and seashore
+are not thoroughly appreciated unless the microscope is
+used--_intelligently_.
+
+[Illustration: SPANISH TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER, "FUROR."]
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Current History
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In our last number we give a review of the first month of the war. In
+glancing over the news, it is extremely interesting to contrast the
+losses of Spain with those of the United States. In the campaign off
+Cuba, we have had less than thirty men killed and wounded, whereas the
+Spaniards have lost several hundreds; they have had many of their
+fortifications destroyed, and have suffered great damage in other
+ways--by the capture of vessels, etc. In the far East, Spain's fleet was
+destroyed, and many men killed and wounded; against this was a loss on
+our part of one man killed and six wounded, and approximately no damage
+to our vessels.
+
+The escape of the _Oregon_ is considered another victory for us, as
+during that trip of about fifteen thousand miles she might easily have
+been intercepted and destroyed had she not been splendidly handled. Her
+run of four thousand miles between San Francisco and Callao (cal-ye-ae-o)
+is the longest ever made by a battle-ship without stop, and in the
+latter part of her trip, on one long stretch, she averaged over fifteen
+knots, a wonderful speed at the end of a trip of over ten thousand
+miles--for a vessel's bottom becomes very foul with barnacles, seaweed,
+etc., which greatly retard its passage through the water.
+
+It is reported that, while coaling at Rio, a number of dynamite-bombs
+were smuggled into the coal, but fortunately they were discovered by the
+sailors.
+
+[Footnote: Authority for pronunciation of proper names: Century
+Dictionary.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Action in reference to neutrality has been taken by Russia, Greece,
+Venezuela, the Netherlands, and Canada. The declaration of neutrality by
+Venezuela is of special importance, as Spain's fleet would have found
+Venezuelean ports of inestimable value as places of refuge and for the
+purpose of coaling. Venezuela expresses her position in the one
+sentence: "The Republic will observe the strictest neutrality during the
+contest." No statement is made, however, as to what will be considered
+contraband.
+
+The Dutch proclamation of neutrality, in addition to the usual forms,
+especially cautions the citizens of the Netherlands against becoming
+connected in any way with privateering; and the Dutch vessels are also
+required to respect the blockade; in reference to coal, the Dutch
+regulation is that only enough shall be sold to permit Spanish or
+American vessels to reach the nearest port of their country.
+
+The Russian proclamation contains a statement to the effect that the
+Imperial Government, in concert with the other powers, had endeavored to
+find a means which would prevent an armed conflict between the two
+countries; that such friendly measures were without result, and that the
+Imperial Government "witnesses with regret the armed conflict between
+two states to which she is united by old friendship and deep sympathy;
+it is firmly resolved in regard to the two belligerents that a perfect
+and impartial neutrality will be observed."
+
+Greece has simply declared that the strictest neutrality will be
+maintained.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 25th of May, President McKinley issued a call for 75,000
+additional volunteers; of the previous volunteers called for, about
+112,000 have been mustered into the army; with the addition that is now
+called for, the army will number about 250,000; and it is expected that
+active operations will be begun at once, and that Porto Rico as well as
+Cuba will be seized at the earliest possible moment; it is expected that
+part of our fleet will proceed at once to San Juan, Porto Rico, and
+destroy the fortifications there, so that our army can without serious
+opposition land on the island.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The cruiser _Columbia_, which was disabled in a collision off Long
+Island, is being rapidly repaired in the Brooklyn Navy-Yard. If she had
+not been very strong there is little doubt but that the _Foscolia_ would
+have cut her in two; the frames of the vessel, however, are so well
+constructed that these, with the protective deck, prevented more serious
+damage. Naval officers are very much pleased to find how well the vessel
+withstood the collision; they say that if the _Columbia_ had been a ship
+like the large ocean liners, nothing would have prevented her sinking
+with the ship that struck her. When the officer on the _Columbia_ saw
+that a collision was inevitable, he gave the order "Full speed ahead";
+it is very fortunate that he did so, as otherwise the _Foscolia_ would
+have hit her amidships; and the damage must then have been very serious,
+as the water compartments in that part of the vessel are large, and when
+filled might have caused her to capsize. The damage proves to be much
+less severe than was at first thought; after two or three weeks it is
+thought she will be on duty again.
+
+This is not the first time that the _Columbia_ has been in trouble of
+this kind; two years ago she collided with the _Wyanoke_, a coasting
+steamer; in spite of the trying circumstances at that time, not a man
+was lost on the sinking coaster, so perfect was the discipline on the
+_Columbia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported that the balloons recently received from Paris will be
+sent forward with the first expedition to Cuba; arrangements for
+equipping the balloon train are under charge of Lieut. Joseph E.
+Maxfield of the Signal Service. It is reported that one of the French
+balloons will be first given a careful test from the deck of one of the
+war-ships off Cuba. The necessary plant for generating the gas is
+already in Tampa; the gas will be forwarded in steel tubes, which will
+hold a large volume when the gas is compressed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is now proposed to take the necessary apparatus to Cuba, and have
+pictures of the bombardment of Havana and of other engagements made for
+reproduction with the cinematograph. Dr. D. S. Elmendorf is now at
+Tampa, Fla., making elaborate preparations for taking these pictures.
+The cinematograph is a wonderful invention. By a clever arrangement
+hundreds of photographs are taken, one after the other, with marvellous
+rapidity; these pictures are printed on a long strip, and made to pass
+through the magic lantern as rapidly as when the photographs were taken;
+the result is a composite picture which, when thrown upon a screen,
+reproduces every motion.
+
+Edison was the one who invented this system of taking in succession very
+rapidly a great number of pictures of moving objects. We hope that Dr.
+Elmendorf will be successful, for we will then be able to see these
+interesting scenes; and if by a clever use of the phonograph or
+graphophone he can record the sound of the guns, we may not only see,
+but hear, the battles.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In THE GREAT ROUND WORLD last year we described experiments that were
+being made with kites by Mr. W. E. Eddy, of Bayonne, N. J., who has been
+largely instrumental in promoting interest in scientific kite-flying.
+Kites have been made of such power as to carry a heavy cable from one
+point to another over some obstruction, or to lift a man some distance
+from the ground for the purpose of observation. It is now planned to
+make use of the kites for offensive and defensive purposes in connection
+with the invasion of Cuba. These kites can be raised to an enormous
+height and photographs taken of the country, or, if necessary, by a
+clever device which slides on the string of the kite, dynamite can be
+carried to a point over the enemies' camp or fortifications and dropped
+into them.
+
+It is also believed that the kite will be of great value for signalling
+purposes, especially at night, as it will be possible to hoist electric
+incandescent lamps to a great height above the earth and signal by
+turning the light on or off in accordance with a settled code. Mr. Eddy
+estimates that it will be possible to drop fifty pounds of dynamite at a
+time from a distance a mile away; the plan is to send up these kites
+from within the lines of the attacking force and drop the dynamite into
+the fortifications of Havana. The men who fly the kites can remain out
+of sight of the forts; and the kite will be such a small mark and so
+high up in the air as to be very difficult to hit with a rifle-ball.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+After a great deal of discussion in Congress, and many delays in
+finishing our war-ships because of the price asked for armor by the
+large armor companies, it was decided that the maximum rate--that is,
+the highest price--that the Government would pay should be $400 per ton;
+until this change was made neither of the great armor-plate
+manufacturers would bid, and, as a result, armor was not obtainable. May
+24th, bids were opened for supplying the three battle-ships, _Illinois_,
+_Alabama_, and _Wisconsin_, now being constructed by the Union Iron
+Works, Newport News. About a year ago the Government advertised for bids
+for supplying this armor, but no bids were received because Congress had
+made the limit of price too low. Bids opened on the 24th were from two
+companies, the Bethlehem Iron Works and Carnegie & Co. It is evident
+that an arrangement had been entered into between the two, as one
+company bid to supply the armor for the _Alabama_, and the other for the
+_Wisconsin_, the bids in each case being the same--that is, at the
+maximum price of $400 per ton.
+
+The armor for the _Alabama_ will cost $1,022,504; that for the
+_Wisconsin_, $1,023,504; the first of this armor will be delivered in
+about seven months, and thereafter about 300 tons will be delivered
+monthly. At this rate it will be about fifteen months before the last of
+the armor is ready.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported that Spain is about to sanction the commission or fitting
+out of privateers to prey upon our commerce. In the Spanish newspapers
+appear almost daily criticisms of our _cowardly_ methods of carrying on
+the war. At one time it is stated that our vessels have been seen flying
+the Spanish flag in order that they may surprise some ship of theirs; at
+another time our _cowardly_ attack upon some fort in Cuba is mentioned,
+when we sneak up under cover of darkness only to beat a hasty retreat
+when the first gun is fired.
+
+In the face of such conduct, it is claimed by the Spaniards that we are
+entitled to no consideration, and it is believed both here and abroad
+that all of this kind of absurd talk means that Spain contemplates a
+resort to privateers to get even with us.
+
+Privateers, in former years, when fitted out by Spain have acted so much
+like pirates that they have been considered and treated as such by
+England and by other nations, and the whole system has been so seriously
+condemned that it is believed that, should either Spain or this country
+fit out privateers, other nations would immediately interfere and put a
+stop to it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There has been considerable discussion in reference to Hawaii; the
+question of annexation is favored almost universally by our people and
+in Congress; in fact, the annexation of the island is now considered not
+merely advisable, but absolutely necessary. In sending troops from this
+country to the Philippine Islands we must stop on the way for supplies,
+and should Hawaii be captured by the Spaniards or annexed by another
+power, it would prove a very serious matter to us; it is to be hoped
+that the question of annexation will be settled at once.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Very little news of interest is received from Spain. In the list of the
+new Spanish ministry, published week before last, we included the name
+of Senor Leon y Castillo as Minister of Foreign Affairs; Senor Castillo
+did not accept the office, which was then offered to Duke Almodovar de
+Rio, who has accepted.
+
+The duke said that he did not wish the office, but accepted it on
+patriotic grounds, "as every Spaniard is bound to devote all his powers
+to the defence of his country." The duke is well and favorably known in
+England, where he was educated, and it is considered that the choice for
+this office is a good one.
+
+The Spanish Minister of Finance, in discussing Spain's financial
+condition, recently said that he considered it satisfactory, and that
+the payment of all expenses of the war is assured; as a means of raising
+additional funds he proposes to convert the floating debt, now amounting
+to about 500,000,000 pesetas, into treasury bonds of small denomination,
+and to extend the Bank of Spain note issues. Spain may by this issue of
+additional paper money find herself in as unfortunate a position as did
+Cuba when Weyler endeavored to force paper money upon the people there.
+With an increase of twenty per cent. on taxes of all kinds, and with a
+paper money of doubtful value, Spain will indeed be in a sorry
+predicament.
+
+Later reports from Spain would indicate that a crisis is approaching;
+business is at a standstill, and a famine imminent, as provisions are so
+high as to place them beyond the reach of the poorer people. It is
+thought that if an encounter with our fleet ends in disaster to Admiral
+Cervera, a revolution is inevitable. It is said that Emperor Francis
+Joseph of Austria has advised the Queen to leave the country, but that
+she has expressed her determination to remain and face the result.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lieutenant Carranza, to whom we are indebted for the admirable
+explanation of why Spain should not be held responsible for the _Maine_
+disaster, published in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD some weeks ago, is having
+an unpleasant time in Canada. Together with several other Spanish
+officials he has been carrying on an "information bureau" for the
+Spanish Government; by information bureau we mean a system of receiving
+and forwarding reports to the Spanish Government in reference to our
+fortifications, etc. The present trouble has arisen from the fact that a
+letter containing important information has been mislaid; he accuses
+Joseph Kellert, a Montreal detective, and two other persons of entering
+his room and stealing this letter. They are making such a fuss over the
+matter that the letter must have been an exceedingly important one.
+
+[Illustration: NEGRO TYPE--PHILIPPINE ISLANDS]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: MALAY TYPE--PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.]
+
+A despatch has been received from Admiral Dewey, dated May 20th,
+addressed to the Secretary of the Navy; he cables as follows:
+
+"Situation is unchanged. Blockade is continued. There is a great
+scarcity of provisions in Manila. The foreign subjects fear an outbreak
+of Spanish soldiers; arrangements have been made for the transfer of
+these foreign subjects to Cavite if necessary. The rebel
+commander-in-chief, Aguinaldo, who was brought here by the _McCulloch_,
+is reorganizing a force, and may render assistance that will be
+valuable."
+
+[Illustration: THE CASINO ESPANOL, FACING PLAZA, SANTIAGO DE CUBA.]
+
+The first shipment of troops to the Philippine Islands started May 25th
+on the three transports, _City of Pekin_, _Australia_, and _City of
+Sydney_. When these vessels left San Francisco, late in the afternoon,
+the shores were lined with people, and there was great enthusiasm. These
+three transports carry about twenty-five hundred men; the expedition is
+under command of Brigadier-General Anderson, and consists of four
+companies of regulars under Major Robe; the First Regiment California
+Volunteers, Colonel Smith; the First Regiment Oregon Volunteers, Colonel
+Summers; and a battalion of fifty heavy artillery, Major Gary; and in
+addition to these a number of sailors, naval officers, a large amount of
+ammunition and naval stores for Admiral Dewey's fleet, and supplies
+sufficient to last a year. It was expected that the fleet would arrive
+at the Sandwich Islands by Tuesday, May 31st; it will proceed from this
+port in company with the _Charleston_, and should arrive at Manila about
+June 20th. A detachment of the United States Engineers was ordered from
+Willets Point, N. Y., to the Philippines, under command of Captain
+Langfitt; Captain Langfitt is an expert in the matter of torpedoes and
+harbor defences of this kind, and it is thought that his mission at the
+Philippines will be to fortify the different harbors by planting mines,
+torpedoes, etc.
+
+Now that the reinforcements are well on their way, there is no reason to
+feel any anxiety in reference to any expedition which might be sent from
+Spain. The shortest route from Cadiz is, of course, by way of the Suez
+Canal; the distance by this route is over 8,000 miles; from San
+Francisco to Manila, by way of the Sandwich Islands, is but 7,000 miles;
+therefore we have at least a week the start of any expedition which
+might leave Spain. The troops sent on the three transports which sailed
+May 25th will be sufficient to garrison Corregidor Island; with strong
+fortifications on this island at the entrance of Manila Bay, it is
+believed that we can prevent the entrance of any fleet. The only fleet
+which it is possible for Spain to send at this time is Admiral Camara's;
+in this there are but two armorclads, the _Pelayo_ and _Emperadar Carlos
+V_. Admiral Dewey would not consider them sufficiently formidable to
+give him any anxiety.
+
+Unless we meet with misfortune or great reverses in dealing with the
+Spanish forces now at the Philippines, there is little doubt but that
+they are ours by this time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now that the Philippine Islands are to be kept by us, the previous
+regulations in reference to mails have been changed. When war was
+declared the Post-Office Department shut off communication with the
+Philippine Islands, as well as with other Spanish countries. A new order
+has been issued, and mail may now be sent to the Philippine Islands by
+way of San Francisco. In times of war this country permits soldiers to
+mail letters to their homes without prepaying postage; this is a great
+advantage to them, as we can readily understand that while on a campaign
+post-offices cannot be reached and postage stamps are not easy to get.
+The officers or men have simply to write on the letters, "Soldier's
+letter," "Sailor's letter," "Marine's letter," and they will be carried
+by post to their destination and postage collected there without extra
+charge. Under ordinary circumstances letters will not be carried unless
+partly prepaid; and if foreign postage is not fully prepaid a penalty in
+the shape of extra postage is added to the regular rate, and collected
+upon delivery.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+European powers are watching with great interest our movements in the
+East. Admiral Dewey's victory, it is considered, has put an end to
+Spanish sovereignty in the East. European governments evidently expect
+the United States to keep the Philippines, and it is difficult to see
+any other solution, as it will certainly not be advisable to return the
+islands to Spain, nor would this be consistent with the "war for
+humanity's sake." Spain's cruelties in the Philippines have been even
+more excessive than in Cuba, and we certainly should not again place the
+islands in the hands of that cruel taskmaster, Spain. It has been
+suggested that we cede them to some European power; the question is, Can
+we do this? These powers are so jealous of each other that they will not
+stand quietly by and see any one of their number favored by a gift of
+such importance; on the other hand, the presence of an American colony
+in Eastern Asia will be a thorn in the side of the great powers; we
+have, therefore, to choose which horn of the dilemma we shall accept.
+The final settlement of the matter will, no doubt, cause many new
+complications and material changes in the traditional policy of our
+Government.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The mysterious sailing of the steamship _Adria_ from Key West, a week
+ago, has attracted a good deal of comment; it is said that she had on
+board many miles of submarine cable, together with the necessary
+appliances for grappling, splicing, and laying, and telegraphic
+instruments for use on shore. It is believed that the purpose is to cut
+the cable off shore, splice a piece to it, and carry it to some
+unfrequented spot and there establish a cable station; this would enable
+our authorities to communicate quickly with Washington--when the
+invasion of Cuba takes place, or to keep the insurgents advised as to
+our movements.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A very interesting question of international law has been brought up by
+the cutting of the cables by Admiral Dewey; it is claimed that by doing
+this he has established an international precedent, for his cutting of
+the cable connecting a country at war with another country is a forcible
+interference with communication which has not been practised in any
+previous war.
+
+The question of cable-cutting has never come up before as a means of
+offensive warfare, as it is only in recent years that there has been any
+extensive laying of cables. Dewey's example has been followed by the
+blockading fleet off Cuba; this fact establishes beyond all peradventure
+the position that this Government has assumed. The British Government
+evidently believes that in the time of war the right to cut cables
+connecting the opposing nation with other countries is one which may be
+assumed without violation of international law. In a speech on this
+matter, Mr. Balfour, First Lord of the Treasury, quoting in Parliament a
+few days ago an agreement made in Paris in 1884, in reference to the
+protection of cables by different nations, said: "By Article XV. of this
+convention, in time of war a belligerent signatory to the convention
+(that is, a county signing this agreement) is as free to act with
+respect to submarine cables as if the convention did not exist. I am not
+prepared, therefore, to say that a belligerent, on the ground of
+military exigency, would under no circumstances be justified in
+interfering with cables between the territory of the opposing power and
+any other part of the world."
+
+Our State Department considers that this statement on the part of Great
+Britain commits that country to the policy regarding cables which we
+have recently put into practice; her approval of our action virtually
+establishes this right as a principle of international law.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Very serious trouble is anticipated in Italy because of the hopeless
+poverty of much of the peasantry, and the apparent inefficiency of the
+present system of government. The Italian peasant barely succeeds under
+the most advantageous circumstances in obtaining food enough for himself
+and family; consequently every change in the price of bread is a
+serious matter to him; under the present Government the taxes have
+become heavier, and this is sure at no distant date to bring about a
+crisis; that this crisis is near is shown by the recent bread riots. The
+only hope of averting trouble is a change in the policy of the Italian
+Government.
+
+
+Many people in Europe are asking why the price of wheat continues to
+advance, as there is apparently no reason, for the Spanish-American war
+has created no increased demand, nor has it seriously interfered with
+the shipment of grain. The increase in price is accounted for, by those
+who are familiar with these subjects, on the ground that there seems to
+be a general conspiracy to hold back supplies from Europe in the hope of
+obtaining higher prices, and in consequence scarcity is created in
+certain markets, thus causing the rise in price both there and
+elsewhere, and with each rise in price comes additional reason for the
+holding back of supplies on the part of the speculators who are
+manipulating the market.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is rather interesting to turn from the account of the riots in Italy
+to a brief history of Joseph Leiter's famous wheat deal. This wheat
+deal, which has just been closed, is the most remarkable that has ever
+been known in the history of the grain markets. Leiter has not only made
+himself rich, but has added to the wealth of the farmers in the West
+enormously. Every effort on the part of other speculators to force
+Leiter to the wall has been unsuccessful. Last fall when he was buying,
+they turned over enormous quantities of wheat, but he seemed to have
+untold millions at his command, for he met every offer with cash, and
+demonstrated that he had more money if they could furnish more wheat:
+the result was that wheat went up, up, up, until it reached nearly $2 a
+bushel, and Leiter has made, it is estimated, over $4,000,000, or nearly
+$500 _an hour_ since April of last year.
+
+The account of the troubles in Italy, and the great prosperity resulting
+from Leiter's success here, simply demonstrate what has been called
+attention to before--that what affects one part of the world has its
+influence upon the rest. A contribution from the prospered wheat farmers
+(and Leiter) to the suffering poor in Italy would not be amiss under the
+circumstances.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In our recent numbers we mentioned the trouble in the Sierra Leone
+Protectorate. This trouble has been ascribed to the hut tax; this tax is
+practically the only tax levied upon the natives, and it is for the
+purpose of raising sufficient revenue to prevent slave-trading. The
+trouble in this colony has arisen indirectly, not directly, as a result
+of this tax, as the slave-traders have used it as a pretext for stirring
+up the rebellion among the natives. England for many years has been
+doing her best to suppress slave-trading, and the slave-traders make use
+of any grievance, imaginary or otherwise, in their attempts to overthrow
+the power of the white men, in order that their barbarous man-hunting
+may not be interfered with. Several men-of-war have been sent by England
+to Sierra Leone, and are to be reinforced by others; troops have also
+been sent to the assistance of the missionaries and others whose lives
+are endangered by the uprising of the natives.
+
+Day by day news from this district becomes more alarming; all of this
+part of Africa is at the present time in a state of great excitement,
+and it is expected that great difficulty will be experienced in
+suppressing the revolt. Early in May, the rebels attacked the American
+mission at Rotufunk and killed five of the American missionaries--Mr.
+and Mrs. Kane, Miss Archer, Miss Hatfield, and Miss Schenck. Their
+bodies have been recovered.
+
+The hut tax, which has been made a pretext for all this trouble, amounts
+to about one shilling a year for each member of the population, or, in
+case of families, five shillings for each family. The insurrection was
+started by a native chief who has given the colonial government much
+trouble heretofore.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+During the latter part of May there were first rumors, then reports, and
+then confirmed reports that the Spanish fleet was at Santiago, Cuba, and
+that it was caught as in a trap by our war-vessels.
+
+The harbor of Santiago is a deep one, with a very narrow mouth, as
+stated in a recent issue of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. The Navy Department
+feels extremely happy over the locating of the Spanish fleet and the
+fact that it may be kept where it is for the present; this will make
+possible the invasion of Cuba and the carrying out of the general plans
+of the campaign without fear of having them interrupted by attack from
+the Spanish vessels. Santiago is not very well supplied with provisions,
+and it will be but a question of time when the Spanish fleet must either
+force their way out of the harbor or else surrender. It is to be hoped
+that the capture of this fleet will be accomplished without battle, for
+battle will mean a large loss on both sides, and it can have but one
+ultimate outcome. The inevitable may be deferred, but the United States
+is pretty sure to win in the long run.
+
+One or two of our battle-ships or monitors stationed at the entrance of
+the harbor will be sufficient to prevent the exit of the Spaniards, even
+if we do not succeed in so blocking the channel with obstructions as to
+make exit impossible; this will leave the rest of our fleet free to
+operate elsewhere. Great vigilance will be exercised to prevent the
+Spanish torpedo-boats from running out and attacking our vessels under
+cover of darkness. The entrance to the harbor is so narrow that a patrol
+of small boats can be established, making such an attack almost
+impossible.
+
+Cables connecting Cuba with the world outside are being rapidly located
+and cut, and by the time this paper goes to press Cuba will no doubt be
+cut off entirely, and we will cease to see reports from Madrid of what
+is going on in Havana and elsewhere in Cuba.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: =Latest News=]
+
+May 31st Commodore Schley made an attack upon the forts at the entrance
+to the harbor of Santiago, with the intention of ascertaining the
+position and strength of the fortifications. At one o'clock in the
+afternoon of that day the signal to form column was hoisted on the
+_Massachusetts_; the _New Orleans_, _Iowa_, and _Vixen_ followed her as
+she steamed slowly toward the harbor entrance. When between three and
+four miles from shore two of her 13-inch guns were fired; it is reported
+that one of the shells struck the partly dismantled Spanish war-ship
+_Reina Mercedes_, crashing through her bow and killing a number of men;
+two shots followed quite near the same vessel; the two guns in the
+forward turret sent their projectiles so close to the Spanish flagship
+that the spray was thrown all over her. The shore batteries at this time
+began a rapid fire on the _Massachusetts_, but she was soon beyond their
+range. The fire was then turned on the _New Orleans_; the shells from
+this vessel struck the large battery on the hill above Morro Castle, and
+a great cloud of dust and debris rose in the air as the shells burst.
+They must have done considerable damage; the shells which followed sent
+portions of the wall of Morro Castle tumbling down, a mass of ruins.
+Almost every shot found a mark in either the batteries or vessels. It
+was the _Iowa's_ turn next; her shells made things lively for the
+Spanish fleet in the harbor, although it is believed she was not
+successful in hitting any of the Spanish vessels. The little _Vixen_
+swept along after her predecessors, and banged away with her one
+6-pounder with as great an air of importance as if it had been a
+13-inch rifle; then she steamed away in a triumphant manner, as much as
+to say: "I have done my share." The commodore promptly ordered her to
+keep out of danger. The ironclads turned, and a second time bore down on
+the harbor, and when within five miles the shells began again to fall
+thick and fast around the Spanish vessels, although accurate firing was
+almost out of the question, as the vessels were behind the hill out in
+sight, and range could not be ascertained. The Spaniards kept up a brisk
+cannonade long after our vessels had stopped firing; a tremendous amount
+of damage was done--to the Caribbean Sea; their shells did not come
+within a mile of our vessels.
+
+June 3d the auxiliary cruiser _St. Paul_ returned to New York, after a
+two weeks' cruise in West Indian waters; she had been detailed for guard
+and scout duty, and was one of the first to discover the Spanish fleet
+in Santiago Bay. She left Key West May 18th, and arrived off Santiago
+about the 20th. The St. Louis had been detailed for similar service, and
+had been watching Santiago harbor with the expectation that the Spanish
+vessels would attempt to enter there; she, however, left on the 19th. It
+is supposed that Admiral Cervera must have entered the harbor in the
+twenty-four hours between this date and that of the arrival of the _St.
+Paul_.
+
+As it was advisable that her whereabouts should not be discovered to the
+Spaniards, the _St. Paul_ cruised backward and forward about twenty
+miles out; she kept this distance off shore in order that the Spanish
+torpedo-boats might not make a dash out of the harbor in the darkness
+and torpedo her. It was not until the 23d that anything was seen of the
+Spaniards. Captain Sigsbee is quite confident that on this date he
+identified the _Vizcaya_, the _Christopher Colon_, and several
+torpedo-boat destroyers within the harbor; they were evidently making
+preparations for departure, but were too late, as our fleet under
+Commodore Schley reached the harbor before they could get away.
+
+The only excitement that the _St. Paul_ had was the capture of the
+collier _Restormel_. The vessel was sighted very early one morning about
+five miles from the harbor entrance, running with all speed to obtain
+the protection of the batteries on shore. The _St. Paul_ was too quick
+for her; crowding on all steam, the collier was soon overtaken and
+stopped by a solid shot fired across her bows. A prize crew was put on
+board and the vessel sent to Key West.
+
+The _St. Paul_ is off again; her destination is, however, a secret.
+
+Another "great victory" was reported by the Spaniards on June 4th. In
+the despatch from Madrid it was stated that one of our most powerful
+vessels attempted to enter the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and had been
+blown up by a torpedo and sunk, her crew of six men and one officer
+being captured. There was something very inconsistent about the
+statement "most powerful vessel" with a crew of six men and one officer,
+but apparently the Spaniards overlooked this. The fact of the matter is
+that Admiral Sampson decided to close the harbor effectually, and in
+order to do this sent the collier _Merrimac_ to the entrance of the
+channel and had her sunk there.
+
+This brilliant exploit was planned by a young officer, Lieut. Richmond
+Pearson Hobson, who with seven volunteers carried it out in a most
+gallant way.
+
+At this distance and without experience of the fearful effect of modern
+gunnery, we cannot appreciate what a dangerous errand these brave men
+undertook. To sail close under the guns of many batteries and forts,
+through a narrow channel known to be mined, was to face death, and
+almost sure death--an act which will make their names famous. Yet when
+volunteers were called for, every man stepped forward and begged to be
+taken.
+
+At three o'clock Friday morning the _Merrimac_ started. In the darkness
+she succeeded in getting well in shore before she was discovered; then
+shot and shell made the water white with spray all around her. But the
+brave fellows never flinched, and on they sailed until the narrowest
+part of the channel was reached. Down went the anchor, and soon a dull
+report in her hold told of the successful explosion of the torpedo which
+was to blow her bottom out and make her sinking certain.
+
+The crew left and succeeded in clearing the vessel before she went down.
+But two are reported to have been wounded, and these but slightly. All
+were captured and taken to Morro Castle.
+
+The great bravery of the gallant fellows was recognized by Admiral
+Cervera and he sent a boat with a flag of truce to advise Admiral
+Sampson that the men were safe and would be exchanged. This act of the
+Spanish admiral has won for him a feeling of great admiration in this
+country. It was the act of a noble man.
+
+The Spanish fleet is not only bottled up now, but the cork is in the
+bottle.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE FLAG.
+
+Many questions have reached us from subscribers and friends concerning
+the meaning and reason for the stars and stripes on the United States
+flag, and how the United States came to choose the colors and design of
+the flag.
+
+Early in Revolutionary times, each colony had its own flag, and they
+were very varied in design, and some had strange designs. The colony of
+Massachusetts had a pine-tree on its flag. South Carolina had a
+rattlesnake on a yellow flag, and underneath the snake the motto: "Don't
+tread on me." New York had a white flag with a beaver on it; and Rhode
+Island a white flag with a blue anchor.
+
+Many variations of the "stars and stripes" are found in the flags used
+during the first years of the Revolution. Some have red and white
+stripes, with the field (where the stars are in the flag we all know)
+like the field of the British flag--red, white, and blue lines crossing
+one another. This design in the corner of a flag is called its "jack,"
+and is often used alone.
+
+In 1777, Congress declared that the flag should have thirteen horizontal
+stripes and thirteen white stars on a blue field, each representing one
+of the thirteen States. The idea of the adoption of the grouping of
+stars and stripes was doubtless taken from the arms of the Washington
+family, which consisted of a white shield with two horizontal red bars,
+and above these three red stars.
+
+It was the original intention to add a stripe and a star for each state
+admitted to the Union, and the grouping of the equal stripes was
+supposed to represent the unity of the Federation. In 1792 the stars and
+the stripes were both increased to fifteen on account of the admission
+to the Union of the States of Vermont and Kentucky, and, after this,
+others were added. In 1818, Congress decided to return to the original
+thirteen stripes, and to add a star for each new State, which plan has
+been followed since. The three colors, red, white, and blue, symbolize
+valor, purity, and truth.
+
+The United States has but one national flag, which is flown alike on
+buildings, men-of-war, and merchant vessels, and to us Americans its
+purity and beauty appeal strongly.
+
+A number of the foreign nations have different flags, known as the royal
+standard, the war flag, and the merchant flag. For instance, Spain has
+the three. The colors of Spain are red and yellow. The navy flag
+consists of three horizontal stripes--yellow in the middle, and a
+narrower red band at top and bottom. On the yellow band near the staff
+is a coat of arms surmounted by a crown. The merchant flag is made up of
+five horizontal stripes--a yellow in middle, a narrow red, then a narrow
+yellow, and then a broad red above and below. The colors, red and
+yellow, were the colors of the royal house of Aragon, whose fortunes
+were closely allied with the Spanish crown. The royal standard of Spain
+is an elaborate affair, divided into four parts, containing the heraldic
+arms of leading families of Spain, and many devices indicating the
+control of Spain over countries which it once held sway over, but which
+have long since been lost to her, as Holland, Portugal, etc.
+
+France uses the "tricolor," a flag of three vertical equal stripes, red,
+white, and blue, the blue being nearest the staff. France has undergone
+many political changes, and this, the flag of the Republic, was adopted
+in 1789.
+
+Germany's national flag has a white ground, divided into four parts by
+black lines--one broad black line and a narrow one on each side. At the
+centre is a circle containing the Prussian crowned eagle. The upper
+quarter, by the staff, is divided into three equal horizontal stripes,
+black, white, and red, and on these is a Maltese cross--the iron cross
+of Germany.
+
+The German merchant flag has red, white, and black horizontal stripes.
+
+Flags have grown by custom and international law to represent
+nationality. If they are insulted the insult is to the nation. In war
+they are protected by lives, and in peace they pass around the world, or
+float from their staffs on land--marks of their nation's strength and
+supremacy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SELECTED LIST OF NEW BOOKS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=FRENCH= =WITHOUT A MASTER.
+          ENTIRELY NEW=
+
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+
+=and Conversation for Self-Instruction.= The latest and most successful
+method for learning and teaching HOW TO SPEAK FRENCH, with IMITATED
+PRONUNCIATION and copious VOCABULARIES. =Price, paper boards, 40 cents;
+cloth, 50 cents, postpaid.=
+
+          "A book of great value to those who would master
+          French without a teacher."--Prof. J. H. GROVE,
+          A.M., Pres. Howard Payne College, Brownwood, Tex.
+          ADDRESS
+
+=ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, THE PHONOGRAPHIC DEPOT, 33 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK=
+
+  _Take Lessons at Metropolitan Shorthand School, 170 Fifth Avenue._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Educational Courier
+
+          W. I. THAMES, Editor
+
+         Is the oldest School Journal published in
+         Mississippi. Devoted to the general cause of
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+                           Poplarville, Miss.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=The Great Round World REFERENCE ATLAS=
+
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+for ready reference, and invaluable in tracing geographically the
+current of events. Sent postpaid upon receipt of 25 cts. Address
+
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Short History of.... SPAIN
+
+          BY
+          MARY PLATT PARMELE
+          (Author of the famous Evolution of Empire Series of Histories)
+
+          =10 Cents Each      _POSTPAID_      $1.00 per Dozen=
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+finished in less than an hour, yet gives a full bird's-eye view of a
+country and people. The author's style is charming." "Accidentally
+running across your cute little History of Spain, I was so taken with it
+as an epitome of the sort that I have long believed there was room for,
+that I would like to see what else you have. So please mail me a couple
+of sample copies of your weekly, as I have not seen _that_ yet."
+
+"Every school should have a course in Spanish History at this time."
+
+          =Second Edition Now in Press=
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+          for renewal of subscription of your publication
+          for six months. I should like to tell you that
+          having had classes in current events for both old
+          and young people, I have never seen any other
+          publication which so fully carries out my ideas of
+          the subjects to be presented in such classes as
+          your little magazine does. I have had classes
+          every day in the week. I find moreover in your
+          publication a most excellent resume, especially
+          for the younger classes. I have moreover
+          recommended the magazine to many of my older
+          people. I am writing this because I think it may
+          be pleasant for you to hear that your work is
+          appreciated."
+
+=The Great Round World=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Obvious punctuations errors repaired.
+
+Page 714, "incovenience" changed to "inconvenience." (much
+inconvenience)
+
+Page 735, "Sierre" changed to "Sierra." (England to Sierra Leone)
+
+Under Club Rates, "Bazar" changed to "Bazaar." (Harper's Bazaar)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 23, June 9, 1898, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
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