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diff --git a/18736.txt b/18736.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9204438 --- /dev/null +++ b/18736.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7951 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustrated Catalogue Of The Collections +Obtained From The Indians Of New Mexico And Arizona In 1879, by James Stevenson + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Illustrated Catalogue Of The Collections Obtained From The Indians Of New Mexico And Arizona In 1879 + Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the + Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1880-81, + Government Printing Office, Washington, 1883, pages 307-428 + +Author: James Stevenson + +Release Date: July 2, 2006 [EBook #18736] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Carlo Traverso and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at +http://gallica.bnf.fr) + + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: +Punctuation in catalog entries has been silently regularized. Other +errors are noted at the end of the text. +Letters that could not be displayed in 7-bit ASCII have been "unpacked" +and shown between brackets: + [-a] [-E] [-e] [-I] [-o] [-u] vowel with macron + [)e] [)i] [)o] vowel with breve + [ae] a with umlaut + ' accented syllable +Simplified names: + Zuni, Canon (tilde omitted) + Santa Fe (accent on "e" omitted) +Figures with captions in CAPITALS were printed in color.] + + * * * * * + + + SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. + + ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE + OF THE + COLLECTIONS OBTAINED FROM THE INDIANS + OF + NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA IN 1879. + + BY + + JAMES STEVENSON. + + + * * * * * + + +NOTE. + + +The following catalogue of the collections made during 1879 was prepared +for the First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, but owing to +want of space was not included in that volume. Before the necessity of +this action was made apparent the matter had been stereotyped and it was +impossible to change the figure numbers, etc. This will explain the +seeming irregularity in the numbering of the figures--the first one of +this paper following the last one of the above-mentioned report. The +second catalogue, that of the collection of 1880, also included in this +volume, has been made to correspond with the first, the figure numbers +following in regular order. + + +LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL + + WASHINGTON, _January 3, 1881_. + +SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith an illustrated catalogue +exhibiting in part the results of the ethnologic and archaeologic +explorations made under your direction in New Mexico and Arizona during +the summer of 1879. + +As you are already familiar with the mode of travel and the labor +necessary in making such investigations and explorations, as well as the +incidents common to such undertakings, and as I do not consider them of +any special interest or value to the catalogue, I have omitted such +details. + +I beg, however, in this connection, to refer to the services of Messrs. +F. H. Cushing, ethnologist of the Smithsonian Institution, and J. K. +Hillers, photographic artist of the Bureau of Ethnology, both of whom +accompanied me on the expedition. + +Mr. Cushing's duties were performed with intelligence and zeal +throughout. After the field-work of the season was completed he remained +with the Indians for the purpose of studying the habits, customs, +manners, political and religious organizations, and language of the +people; also to explore the ancient caves of that region. His inquiries +will prove of the utmost interest and importance to science. Mr. Hillers +labored with equal zeal and energy. His work is of the greatest value in +illustrating some of the most interesting features of our +investigations. He made a large series of negatives depicting nearly +every feature of the Pueblo villages and their inhabitants. The beauty +and perfection of the photographs themselves fully attest the value and +importance of his work. + +I would extend most cordial thanks to General Sherman for the special +interest he manifested in our work, and for directions given by him to +the officers of the Army serving in the West to assist us in carrying +out the objects of the expedition; and to the officers who so cordially +rendered such aid. + +To General Edward Hatch, commanding the district of New Mexico, we are +indebted for valuable information and material assistance, which were +liberally granted, and to which in great part our success was due. The +party also received valuable aid from Gen. George P. Buell, U.S.A., who +was in command at Fort Wingate during our work at Zuni, for which I am +pleased to extend thanks. The large number and variety of objects +collected by the members of the expedition, and the many difficulties +incident to such undertakings, as well as the limited time devoted to +the preparation of the catalogue, will account for any imperfections it +may contain. + +Hoping, however, that, notwithstanding these, it may serve useful ends +in the continuation of such work, + +I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, + + JAMES STEVENSON. + +Prof. J. W. POWELL, + + _Director Bureau of Ethnology_. + + + + +CONTENTS. + + +LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 311 +INTRODUCTION 319 + Articles of stone 320 + Articles of clay 322 + Vegetal substances 334 +Collection from Zuni 337 + Articles of stone 337 + Axes, hammers, and mauls 337 + Metates, or grain-grinders, and pestles 340 + Mortars, pestles, etc 340 + Miscellaneous objects 342 + Articles of clay 343 + Water vases 343 + Water jugs and jars 347 + Jugs of fanciful forms 349 + Pitchers 349 + Cups or cup-shaped vessels 350 + Eating bowls 350 + Cooking vessels 358 + Ladles 360 + Baskets 360 + Paint cups 362 + Condiment cups 363 + Effigies 364 + Statuettes 366 + Clays and pigments 367 + Vegetal substances 368 + Basketry 368 + Pads 369 + Domestic implements, toys, etc 370 + Foods 372 + Medicines and dyes 372 + Animal substances 373 + Horn and bone 373 + Skin 373 + Woven fabrics 373 +Collection from Wolpi 375 + Articles of stone 375 + Axes, hammers, etc 375 + Metates, or grain-grinders, and pestles 376 + Mortars, pestles, etc 377 + Miscellaneous objects 377 + Articles of clay 378 + Water vases 378 + Water jugs and jars 379 + Toy-like water vessels 381 + Cups 382 + Eating bowls 382 + Cooking vessels 385 + Toy-like vessels 385 + Ladles 385 + Miscellaneous 387 + Statuettes 387 + Vegetal substances 389 + Basketry 389 + Domestic implements, toys, etc 391 + Ornamental objects 393 + Statuettes 395 + Animal substances 396 + Horn and bone 396 + Skin 397 + Woven fabrics 398 +Collection from Laguna 399 + Articles of clay 399 + Water vases 399 + Water jugs and jars 401 + Pitchers 401 + Effigies 402 + Eating bowls 403 +Collection from Acoma 404 + Articles of clay 404 + Water vases 404 + Pitchers 405 + Eating bowls 405 +Collection from Cochiti 405 + Articles of clay 405 + Water vessels 405 + Eating bowls 408 + Ornaments, effigies, and toys 408 +Collection from Santo Domingo 409 + Articles of Clay 409 + Water vessels 409 +Collection from Tesuke 410 + Articles of stone 410 + Metates, mortars, etc 410 + Articles of clay 410 + Water vases 410 + Water jugs and jars 413 + Pitchers 413 + Eating bowls 413 + Cooking vessels 414 + Toys 414 + Vegetal substances 414 + Medicines 414 +Collection from Santa Clara 415 + Articles of clay 415 + Water vases 415 + Eating bowls 415 + Cooking vessels 416 + Effigies 416 +Collection from San Juan 416 + Articles of clay 416 + Eating bowls 416 +Collection from Jemez 417 + Articles of clay 417 +Collection from the Jicarilla Apaches 417 + Articles of clay 417 +Collection from Old Pecos 418 + Articles of stone 418 + Articles of clay 418 + Articles of wood 419 +Collection from the Canon de Chelly 419 + Articles of clay 419 + Water vessels 419 + Bowls 420 + Cooking vessels 420 +Collection from Pictograph Rocks 420 + Articles of clay 420 +Collection from other localities 421 + Articles of clay 421 + Miscellaneous 421 + Statuettes 421 + + +LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. + + +Figs. 347-352. Zuni grooved axes 338 +Fig. 353. Zuni mortar and pestle 340 +Fig. 354. Zuni crucible 340 +Fig. 355. Zuni skinning-knife 340 +Fig. 356. Zuni sandstone mold 340 +Fig. 357. Zuni spear-head 340 +Fig. 358. Zuni mortar and pestle 340 +Figs. 359-360. Zuni water vases 342 +Figs. 361-362. Zuni water vases 343 +Figs. 363-364. Zuni water vases 344 +Figs. 365-366. Zuni water vases 344 +Figs. 367-368. Zuni water vases 344 +Figs. 369-370. Zuni water vases 344 +Figs. 371-372. Zuni water vases 345 +Figs. 373-374. Zuni water vases 345 +Figs. 375-378. Zuni water vases 346 +Fig. 379. Zuni canteen 347 +Fig. 380. Zuni eating bowl 347 +Fig. 381. Zuni water vase 347 +Fig. 382. Zuni eating bowl 347 +Figs. 383-384. Zuni water vases 347 +Figs. 385-387. Zuni canteens 348 +Figs. 388-391. Zuni canteens 348 +Figs. 392-394. Zuni canteens 349 +Figs. 395-397. Zuni canteens 349 +Fig. 398. Zuni canteen 350 +Fig. 399. Zuni water vase 350 +Fig. 400. Zuni canteen 350 +Fig. 401. Zuni eating bowl 350 +Fig. 402. Zuni canteen 350 +Figs. 403-406. Zuni water pitchers 350 +Fig. 407. Zuni water pitcher 350 +Figs. 408-409. Zuni cups 350 +Figs. 410-412. Zuni eating bowls 350 +Figs. 413-415. Zuni eating bowls 352 +Figs. 416-418. Zuni eating bowls 354 +Figs. 419-421. Zuni eating bowls 356 +Figs. 422-424. Zuni eating bowls 356 +Figs. 425-427. Zuni eating bowls 357 +Figs. 428-430. Zuni eating bowls 358 +Figs. 431-436. Zuni cooking vessels 359 +Figs. 437-441. Zuni ladles 360 +Figs. 442-447. Zuni clay baskets 361 +Figs. 448-453. Zuni clay baskets 361 +Figs. 454-457. Zuni paint cups 364 +Figs. 458-459. Zuni condiment cups 364 +Figs. 460-461. Zuni effigies 365 +Figs. 462-463. Zuni effigies 365 +Figs. 464-467. Zuni effigies 365 +Figs. 468-469. Zuni effigies 365 +Figs. 470-471. Zuni effigies 365 +Figs. 472-476. Zuni effigies 366 +Figs. 477-480. Zuni effigies 366 +Figs. 481-483. Zuni moccasins 367 +Figs. 484-485. Zuni basketry 370 +Fig. 486. Zuni pad 370 +Fig. 487. Zuni toy cradle 370 +Fig. 488. Zuni basketry 370 +Fig. 489. Zuni toy cradle 370 +Fig. 490. Zuni ladle 370 +Fig. 491. Zuni war-club 372 +Figs. 492-493. Zuni dance ornaments 372 +Fig. 494. Zuni rotary drill 372 +Fig. 495. Zuni wooden, spade 372 +Fig. 496. Zuni wooden digger 372 +Fig. 497. Zuni rattle 371 +Fig. 498. Zuni rattle 373 +Fig. 499. Zuni hopple 373 +Figs. 500-502. Zuni woven sashes 373 +Fig. 503. Zuni head dress 374 +Figs. 504-507. Wolpi axes 375 +Fig. 508. Wolpi metate 375 +Fig. 509. Wolpi ancient pipe 378 +Fig. 510. Wolpi stone effigy 378 +Fig. 511. Wolpi neck ornament 378 +Figs. 512-513. Wolpi effigies 378 +Fig. 514. Wolpi water vase 379 +Figs. 515-516. Wolpi pots 379 +Figs. 517-519. Wolpi vessels 381 +Figs. 520-522. Wolpi water jars 382 +Fig. 523. Wolpi eating bowl 385 +Fig. 524. Wolpi cooking vessel 385 +Fig. 525. Wolpi ladle 385 +Figs. 526-529. Wolpi ladles 386 +Fig. 530. Wolpi basket 386 +Fig. 531. Wolpi basin 388 +Fig. 532. Wolpi vase and bowl attached 388 +Figs. 533-534. Wolpi clay statuettes 388 +Figs. 535-536. Wolpi baskets 389 +Figs. 537-538. Wolpi baskets 390 +Fig. 539. Wolpi basket 390 +Fig. 540. Wolpi floor mat 390 +Figs. 541-542. Wolpi baskets 390 +Figs. 543-545. Wolpi baskets 391 +Fig. 546. Wolpi weaving stick 392 +Fig. 547. Wolpi spindle whorl 392 +Fig. 548-549. Wolpi rabbit sticks 392 +Fig. 550. Wolpi rake 393 +Fig. 551. Wolpi drumstick 393 +Fig. 552. Wolpi treasure-box 393 +Fig. 553. Wolpi dance gourd 393 +Fig. 554. Wolpi treasure-box 393 +Figs. 555-558. Wolpi dance ornaments 393 +Fig. 559. Wolpi head-dress 394 +Fig. 560. Wolpi gourd rattle 394 +Fig. 561. Wolpi musical instrument 394 +Fig. 562. Wolpi gourd rattle 394 +Figs. 563-565. Wolpi ornaments 394 +Figs. 566-569. Wolpi effigies 395 +Figs. 570-572. Wolpi effigies 396 +Fig. 573. Wolpi horn ladle 397 +Fig. 574. Wolpi horn rattle 397 +Fig. 575. Wolpi perforator 397 +Fig. 576. Wolpi arrow straightener 397 +Fig. 577. Wolpi wristlet 398 +Fig. 578. Wolpi moccasin 398 +Fig. 579. Wolpi wristlet 398 +Fig. 580. Wolpi riding whip 398 +Fig. 581. Wolpi drum 399 +Figs. 582-583. Wolpi blanket 399 +Fig. 584. Wolpi anklets 399 +Figs. 585-587. Laguna water vases 400 +Figs. 588-591. Laguna water vases 400 +Fig. 592. Laguna water pitcher 400 +Figs. 593-596. Laguna water jars 401 +Figs. 597-600. Laguna effigies 402 +Figs. 601-604. Laguna effigies 402 +Figs. 605-609. Laguna effigies 402 +Figs. 610-612. Laguna water vases 403 +Figs. 613-615. Laguna eating bowls 403 +Figs. 616-617. Laguna eating bowls 403 +Figs. 618-619. Acoma water vases 404 +Figs. 620-622. Acoma water vases 404 +Figs. 623-624. Cochiti water vessels 406 +Figs. 625-626. Cochiti water vessels 406 +Figs. 627-628. Cochiti water vessels 406 +Figs. 629-630. Cochiti water vessels 407 +Figs. 631-632. Cochiti water vessels 407 +Figs. 633-634. Cochiti water vessels 407 +Figs. 635-636. Cochiti water vessels 407 +Figs. 637-638. Cochiti water vessels 408 +Figs. 639-640. Cochiti water vessels 408 +Figs. 641-642. Cochiti water vessels 408 +Figs. 643-644. Cochiti water vessels 408 +Figs. 645-647. Cochiti effigies 409 +Figs. 648-649. Santo Domingo drinking vessels 410 +Fig. 650. Tesuke mortar and pestle 410 +Figs. 651-652. Tesuke water vases 412 +Figs. 653-654. Tesuke water vases 412 +Fig. 655. Tesuke water jar 414 +Fig. 656. Tesuke effigy 414 +Fig. 657. Tesuke cooking vessel 414 +Fig. 658. Tesuke effigy 414 +Fig. 659. Tesuke cooking vessel 414 +Figs. 660-662. Santa Clara water vases 416 +Figs. 663-664. Santa Clara eating bowls 416 +Figs. 665-666. Santa Clara effigies 416 +Fig. 667. Santa Clara eating bowl 416 +Fig. 668. Santa Clara platter 416 +Fig. 669. Santa Clara eating bowl 416 +Figs. 670-672. Santa Clara water jars 416 +Figs. 673-675. San Juan eating bowls 416 +Fig. 676. Jemez water vessel 417 +Figs. 677-680. Water vessels from Canon De Chelly 418 +Figs. 681-683. Water vessels from Canon De Chelly 420 +Figs. 684-686. Bowls from Canon De Chelly 420 +Figs. 687-692. Pitchers from Canon De Chelly 420 +Figs. 693-696. Cooking vessels from Canon De Chelly 420 +Fig. 697. Corrugated vessel from Pictograph rocks 420 +Map showing location of the pueblos of Arizona + and New Mexico 319 + + +[Illustration: + +SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. +J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR. + +MAP + +SHOWING LOCATION OF THE PUEBLOS +OF ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO] + + + * * * * * + + + ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTIONS + OBTAINED FROM THE INDIANS + OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA IN 1879. + + By JAMES STEVENSON. + + + * * * * * + + +INTRODUCTION + + +It is not my intention in the present paper--which is simply what it +purports to be, a _catalogue_--to attempt any discussion of the habits, +customs, or domestic life of the Indian tribes from whom the articles +were obtained; nor to enter upon a general comparison of the pottery and +other objects with articles of a like character of other, nations or +tribes. Occasionally attention may be called to striking resemblances +between certain articles and those of other countries, where such +comparison will aid in illustrating form or character. + +The collection contains two thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight +specimens. Although it consists very largely of vessels and other +articles of pottery, yet it embraces almost every object necessary to +illustrate the domestic life and art of the tribes from whom the largest +number of the specimens were obtained. It includes, in addition to +pottery, implements of war and hunting, articles used in domestic +manufactures, articles of clothing and personal adornment, basketry, +trappings for horses, images, toys, stone implements, musical +instruments, and those used in games and religious ceremonies, woven +fabrics, foods prepared and unprepared, paints for decorating pottery +and other objects, earths of which their pottery is manufactured, +mineral pigments, medicines, vegetable dyestuffs, &c. But the chief +value of the collection is undoubtedly the great variety of vessels and +other articles of pottery which it contains. In this respect it is +perhaps the most complete that has been made from the pueblos. Quite a +number of articles of this group may perhaps be properly classed as +"ancient," and were obtained more or less uninjured; but by far the +larger portion are of modern manufacture. + + +ARTICLES OF STONE. + +These consist of pestles and mortars for grinding pigments; circular +mortars, in which certain articles of food are bruised or ground; +_metates_, or stones used for grinding wheat and corn; axes, hatchets, +celts, mauls, scrapers &c. + +The cutting, splitting, pounding, perforating, and scraping implements +are generally derived from schists, basaltic, trachytic, and porphyritic +rocks, and those for grinding and crushing foods are more or less +composed of coarse lava and compact sandstones. Quite a number of the +metate rubbing stones and a large number of the axes are composed of a +very hard, heavy, and curiously mottled rock, a specimen of which was +submitted to Dr. George W. Hawes, Curator of Mineralogy to the National +Museum, for examination, and of which he says: + +"This rock, which was so extensively employed by the Pueblo Indians for +the manufacture of various utensils, has proved to be composed largely +of quartz, intermingled with which is a fine, fibrous, radiated +substance, the optical properties of which demonstrate it to be +fibrolite. In addition, the rock is filled with minute crystals of +octahedral form which are composed of magnetite, and scattered through +the rock are minute yellow crystals of rutile. The red coloration which +these specimens possess is due to thin films of hematite. The rock is +therefore fibrolite schist, and from a lithological standpoint it is +very interesting. The fibrolite imparts the toughness to the rock, +which, I should judge, would increase its value for the purposes to +which the Indians applied it." + +The axes, hatchets, mauls, and other implements used for cutting, +splitting, or piercing are generally more or less imperfect, worn, +chipped, or otherwise injured. This condition is to be accounted for by +the fact that they are all of ancient manufacture; an implement of this +kind being rarely, if ever, made by the Indians at the present day. They +are usually of a hard volcanic rock, not employed by the present +inhabitants in the manufacture of implements. They have in most cases +been collected from the ruins of the Mesa and Cliff dwellers, by whose +ancestors they were probably made. I was unable to learn of a single +instance in which one of these had been made by the modern Indians. In +nearly all cases the edges, once sharp and used for cutting, splitting, +or piercing, are much worn and blunt from use in pounding or other +purposes than that for which they were originally intended. On more than +one occasion I have observed a woman using the edge of a handsome stone +axe in pulverizing volcanic rock to mix with clay for making pottery. +Nearly all the edged stone implements are thus injured. Those showing +the greatest perfection were either too small to utilize in this manner +or had but recently been discovered when we obtained them. + +The grinders and mortars are frequently found composed of softer rock, +either ferruginous sandstone or gritty clays. For a more complete +knowledge of these stone implements we must depend on a comparative +study of large collections from different localities, and such +information as the circumstances attending their discovery may impart, +rather than upon their present condition or the uses for which they are +now employed. + +Metates or grain-grinders, pestles and rubbing stones belong to the +milling industry among the Indians. The metates are generally quite +large and heavy, and could not well be transported with the limited +means at the command of Indians. They are therefore well adapted to the +uses of village Indians, who remain permanently in a place and prosecute +agricultural pursuits. They are generally of rectangular shape, and from +10 to 20 inches in length by 6 to 12 in width, and are composed of +various kinds of rock, the harder, coarse-grained kinds being +preferable, though in some instances sandstone is employed; the most +desirable stone is porous lava. These stones are sometimes carried with +families of the Pueblos moving short distances to the valleys of streams +in which they have farms in cultivation. In the permanent villages they +are arranged in small rectangular bins (see Fig. 508), each about 20 +inches wide and deep, the whole series ranging from 5 to 10 feet in +length, according to the number of bins or divisions. The walls are +usually of sandstone. In each compartment one of these metates or +grinding stones is firmly set at a proper angle to make it convenient to +the kneeling female grinder. In this arrangement of the slabs those of +different degrees of texture are so placed as to produce an increased +degree of fineness to the meal or flour as it is passed from one to the +other. But a small number of these slabs were collected on account of +their great weight. Accompanying these metates are long, slim, flat +stones, which are rubbed up and down the slabs, thus crushing the grain. +These hand-stones are worn longitudinally into various shapes; some have +two flat sides, while the third side remains oval. The same variety +exists in regard to the texture of these rubbing-stones, as in the +concave grinders. + +The pueblo of Zuni, from which the most important portion of the +collection was obtained, is situated in New Mexico, near the western +border, about two hundred miles southwest from Santa Fe. + +At the time of Coronado's visit to this country the pueblo was located +at what is now known as "Old Zuni," on the summit of a high _mesa_. The +modern Zuni is situated upon a knoll in the valley of the Zuni River, +about two miles from the site of the old town. Certain writers have +regarded Zuni, or rather "Old Zuni," as one of the "Seven Cities of +Cibola." The evidences found at and around both the old and present Zuni +are certainly not sufficient to warrant this view, and further and more +careful investigations are necessary. + +Zuni, although lying on the line of travel of military expeditions, +emigrant trains, and trade between the Pacific coast and the Rio Grande, +the foreigners visiting them have seldom remained long in their village; +nor has the advancing wave of Caucasian settlement approached +sufficiently near to exert any marked influence on their manners and +customs; at least the form and decoration of their pottery bear no +marked evidence of the influence of the more highly civilized races. + +The collection made here by the expedition was more extensive than that +from any other place, and numbers about fifteen hundred objects, of +which by far the larger part is composed of earthenware articles. These +include large and small water vases, canteens of various sizes and +shapes, cooking cups, and pottery baskets used in their dances, +paint-pots, ladles, water jugs, eating bowls, spoons, pepper and salt +boxes, pitchers, bread-bowls, Navajo water jugs, treasure boxes, water +vases, cups, cooking pots, skillets, ancient pottery, animals, and +grotesque images. It belongs mostly to the variety of cream-white +pottery, decorated in black and brown colors; a portion is red ware, +with color decorations in black. There are also several pieces without +ornamentation, and one or two pieces of black ware, but the latter were +most probably obtained from other tribes, and possibly the same is true +in reference to a few pieces of other kinds which present unusual +figures or forms. + +A slight glance at the figures depicted on the _tinajas_, or water +vases, will suffice to show any one who has examined the older pottery +of this region, specimens and fragments of which are found among the +ruins, that a marked change has taken place in their ideas of beauty. +Although the rigid, angular, zigzag, and geometric figures are yet found +in their decorations, they have largely given way to carved lines, +rounded figures, and attempts to represent natural objects. + +A few apparently conventional figures are still generally retained, as +around the outside of the necks of the vases and on the outer surface of +the bowls, probably suggested originally by the rigid outlines of their +arid country, and in fact by their buildings. The figure of the elk or +deer is a very marked feature in the ornamentation of their white ware, +and is often found under an arch. Another very common figure is that of +a grotesquely-shaped bird, found also on the necks of water vases and +the outer surface of bowls. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +Tinajas, or water vases, are called in the Zuni tongue +_tk[-a]h-wi-n[-a]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_. They are usually from 8 to 12 +inches in height, and from 12 to 15 in diameter. A smaller size of the +same form of vessels, which are from 5 to 7 inches in height and from +8 to 10 in diameter, are called _det-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. They are of three +colors, cream white, polished red, and black: there are in the +collection comparatively few of the second, and but one of the last +variety. The decorations are chiefly in black and brown, but four or +five pieces being in black. The decorations of the cream-white group +present some four general types--those represented by Figs. 359, 363, +364, and ----, in which the uncolored circular space forms the +distinguishing characteristic; those of which Fig. 360 may be considered +a representative, of which type there are but two specimens in the +collection; those represented by Fig. 361, and those distinguished by +the rosette (see Figs. 366, 367, 368, and 370). + +The following appear to be unique: (39935) Fig. 371, (40785) Fig. 375, +(41149) Fig. 372, and (41167) Fig. 374. + +By a careful study of these decorations we find that they consist +chiefly of the following figures, which are combined in various ways: +triangular figures, usually on the neck; large open circles, frequently +in a diamond figure, as in Fig. 359 (39871); scrolls; or arches as in +Figs. 361, 362, &c. + +In no instance do we find the meander or Greek fret on these, or in fact +any other Zuni vessels. A marked characteristic of the decorations on +the pottery of this pueblo is the absence of vines and floral figures so +common on those of some of the other pueblos. The nearest approach to +the vine is the double line of scrolls seen in (40785) Fig. 375. +Although the checkered figure is common on bowls, the Zuni artists have +appreciated the fact that it would be out of place on the convex surface +of the water vase. The elks or deer--for it is difficult to tell which +are intended--are usually marked with a circular or crescent-shaped +spot, in white, on the rump, and a red diamond placed over the region of +the heart, with a line of the same color extending from it to the mouth, +both margined with white; the head of the animal is always toward the +right. + +As will be observed by examining the decorated pieces, the surface is +divided into zones by lines--sometimes single, sometimes double, but +generally slender--one near the base, one or two around the middle, one +at the shoulder, and one at the rim; thus forming one zone embracing the +neck, and two or three on the body, exclusive of the undecorated base. +Sometimes there is but one zone on the body as seen in Figs. 364 (40322) +and 359 (39871); sometimes two, as shown in Figs. 367 (40317) and 370 +(41146); but often three, the middle one quite narrow, as seen in Figs. +361 (39934) and 362 (41150). Although not always shown in the figures, +the lines at the rim, shoulder, and bottom are seldom wanting in Zuni +vases. The zones are often interrupted by broad perpendicular stripes or +inclosed spaces in which circles, scroll figures, or rosettes are +inserted. + +Measurements of these vessels show considerable uniformity of +proportion, the widely exceptional specimens being also exceptional in +decorations. As indicating size and proportion I give here the +measurements of some typical as well as some abnormal specimens. + +The figures show the height, the diameter of the body at the widest +part, and the diameter of the mouth in inches. + + +-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+----------+ + | | Height.| Diameter | Diameter | + | Number. | | of body. | of mouth.| + +-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+----------+ + | 1 | 8.25 | 12.00 | 6.75 | + | 2 | 10.25 | 13.75 | 7.50 | + | 3 | 11.00 | 13.25 | 7.15 | + | 4 | 12.00 | 14.50 | 8.50 | + | 5 | 10.75 | 14.50 | 8.25 | + | 6 | 11.00 | 13.00 | 8.00 | + | 7 | 7.25 | 10.00 | 5.00 | + | 8 | 7.00 | 9.25 | 5.40 | + | 9 | 4.25 | 6.75 | 4.60 | + | 10 | 4.40 | 5.50 | 3.75 | + | 11 | 3.50 | 4.50 | 3.25 | + | 12 | 3.50 | 4.25 | 2.90 | + | 13 | 7.75 | 8.00 | 5.75 | + | 14 | 9.00 | 9.75 | 6.50 | + +-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+----------+ + +If we reduce these to proportion, using the diameter of body as the unit +of measurement, the result is as follows: + + +--------+--------+-----------++--------+--------+-----------+ + | Number.| Height.| Diameter || Number.| Height.| Diameter | + | | | of mouth. || | | of mouth. | + +--------+--------+-----------++--------+--------+-----------+ + | 1 | .69 | .56 || 8 | .81 | .59 | + | 2 | .75 | .54 || 9 | .63 | .68 | + | 3 | .83 | .54 || 10 | .80 | .68 | + | 4 | .81 | .58 || 11 | .78 | .72 | + | 5 | .74 | .57 || 12 | .82 | .68 | + | 6 | .84 | .61 || 13 | .97 | .72 | + | 7 | .72 | .50 || 14 | .91 | .67 | + +--------+--------+-----------++--------+--------+-----------+ + +From this it will be seen that No. 148, which is represented by Fig. 373 +(39774), is unusually broad in proportion to the height. Nos. 152 and +153 vary to the extreme in the other direction; No. 153 is shown in +Fig. 364 (40322). Excluding these and taking the means of the large and +small kinds separately we find the average ratios to be as follows: + + Height. Diameter + of mouth. + Large .78 .57 + Small .78 .61 + +Most of the water jugs of both the Shinumos and Zunians are in the form +of canteens, usually more or less spherical, and varying in capacity +from a pint to four gallons. On each side there is a small handle in the +form of a loop or knob, through or around which is placed a small shawl +or strip of cloth, or a cord long enough to pass over the forehead so as +to suspend the vessel against the back just below the shoulders. The +other jugs are of various fanciful shapes, which will be noted in the +catalogue. A large portion are of plain brown ware, a few plain white, +and others white with colored decorations. Various names are used +apparently to designate the different kinds rather than the uses for +which they are intended. + +The decorations, when present, are always on the upper side, which is +more convex than the lower, or side on which it is intended the vessel +shall lie when not in use. In the ornamented white ware the lower +portion is usually red or brown. + +As all these clay fabrics are the work of North American Indians, it is +scarcely necessary for me to say that they are unglazed, a +characteristic, so far as I am aware, of all aboriginal pottery. + +Some of the specimens, especially of the black ware, show a smooth +finish, and may perhaps, without violence to the term, be classed as +lustrous. This is not the effect of a varnish or partial glazing, but is +a polish, produced generally, if not always, by rubbing with a polishing +stone. + +Although, as a rule, the paste of which the ware is made is +comparatively free from foreign matter, yet many pieces, especially of +the decorated ware, when broken, show little whitish or ash-colored +specks. These, when found in aboriginal pottery east of the Mississippi, +have, I believe, been without question considered as fragments or +particles of shell broken up and mixed with the paste. This may be +correct in reference to the pottery found east of and in the Mississippi +Valley, but this whitish and grayish matter in the pottery of the +Indians of New Mexico and Arizona is in most cases pulverized pottery, +which is crushed and mixed with the paste. Black lava is sometimes +crushed and used in the same manner. + +The principal material used is a clay, apparently in its natural state, +varying in color according to locality. Although comparatively free from +pebbles or lumps of foreign matter, we detect in some of the coarser +specimens small particles of mica and grains of other materials, and in +one broken specimen the elytron of a small coleopterous insect. But as a +general rule, the paste appears to have been free from foreign matter. + +A slight glance at this large collection is sufficient to show that the +potters worked by no specific rule, and that they did not use patterns. +While it is apparent that only a few general forms were adopted, and +that, with few exceptions, the entire collection may be grouped by +these, yet no two specimens are exactly alike; they differ in size, or +vary more or less in form. The same thing is also true in reference to +the ornamentation: while there is a striking similarity in general +characteristics, there is an endless variety in details. No two similar +pieces can be found bearing precisely the same ornamental pattern. + +Much the larger portion of the collection consists of vessels of various +kinds, such as bowls, cooking utensils, canteens, bottles, jars, +pitchers, cups, ladles, jugs, water vases, ornamental vessels, +paint-pots, &c. These vary in size from the large vase, capable of +holding ten gallons, to the little cup and canteen, which will contain +less than half a pint. The other and much smaller portion includes all +those articles which cannot be classed as vessels, such as images, toys, +toilet articles, representations of animals, &c. The collection can +perhaps be most satisfactorily classified by reference to the coloring, +ornamentation, and quality, thus: + +1. _The red or uncolored pottery_, which is without ornamentation of any +kind. Some of this is coarse and rough, and in this case always more +than ordinarily thick; but the larger portion has the surface smooth and +often polished. The color varies from the natural dull leaden hue of the +clay, to a bright brick red, the latter largely predominating. + +2. _The brown ware_, or that which shows an admixture of mica. This, +although uniformly without color decorations, is occasionally marked +with impressed figures and lines. Although inferior in quality, being +coarse and fragile, it presents more symmetrical though less varied +forms than are usually found in the preceding group. The influence of +contact with the European races is here very apparent, as, for example, +in the true pitcher and other common utensils and an apparent attempt at +glazing. + +3. _The black ware_ which is without ornamentation. This variety in +quality and character is precisely like the polished red of the first +group; but is slightly in advance of that in regard to finish, and +perhaps, as heretofore remarked, may be classed as lustrous, while the +red may be classed as semi-lustrous. The paste of which this black ware +is formed appears to have been better prepared than that of the +preceding varieties, and is the hardest and firmest in the collection. + +4. _The cream-white pottery decorated in colors_. This extensive group, +which includes fully two-thirds of the entire collection, embraces +almost every known form of earthenware manufactured by the tribes from +whom it was obtained. The paste of which it is formed is similar in +character to that of the black ware. When broken the fracture shows very +distinctly the effect of burning, the interior being of the natural +leaden color, shading off to a dull grayish white as it approaches the +outer surface. The opaque or creamy-white color of the surface is +produced by a coating of opaque whitewash. Upon this white surface the +figures are afterwards drawn. + +The only colors used in decorating pottery are black, red, and some +shade of brown. But of this we will speak more fully when we come to +describe the peculiar methods practiced by the different tribes in +making and adorning pottery. + +Although there is a strong general similarity in this colored +ornamentation, the great variety of details renders it difficult to +classify the figures so as to convey a correct idea of them to the +reader. We shall therefore have to refer him to the numerous cuts and +the colored plates which have been introduced for the purpose of +illustrating the catalogue. + +The following general statement is about all that can be said in +reference to them before descending to specific details. + +So far as the coloring is concerned they are of two kinds, those having +the figures wholly black, and those which are partly black and partly +brown or red. The differences in the decorated pottery appear to be +always accompanied by certain other variations sufficient to warrant +speaking of them as different varieties or groups. The former (those +having the figures wholly black), which are made of the ordinary plastic +blue clay, have only the upper half or two-thirds of the body of the +vessel overlaid with the white coating for receiving the decorations, +the lower part being uncoated, and of the natural pale red or salmon +color produced by burning, but usually well polished. As additional +distinguishing features of this group we notice that the shape is more +generally globular, the workmanship rather superior, and the pottery +somewhat harder and less friable than that of the other group; the +angular and geometrical figures formed by straight lines are more common +in this group; here we also find the meander or Greek fret correctly +drawn, the vine, and several other designs rarely or never found in the +other group. The figures of animals, which are common to both varieties, +are in the former more usually distributed in zones or groups, while in +the latter they are generally placed singly in inclosed spaces. The +latter variety, in which we see the curve freely used, shows an evident +advance over the ornamentation of the older pottery of this region; and +while the figures must be classed as rude, and the outlines are less +sharp, and not so well defined as in the older specimens, yet they +indicate clearly a mental advance in the greater variety of conception. + +The figures of this entire class, as regards forms, may be grouped under +three general headings: first, the geometrical, which is the most +common; second, the figures of animals; and, third, rude attempts at +floral decorations, which forms are rather rare. Strange to say, in but +few instances can any attempt at representing the human form or any part +of it be discovered in these color decorations. + +The geometric figures present an endless variety; but we notice, as is +shown by the cuts and plates, that triangles with an elongate acuminate +apex and the zigzag are very common in the black-brown decorations. The +checkered figure also is not uncommon. The animals most frequently +represented are the elk or deer and birds. The floral decorations are +chiefly vines well drawn, and rude attempts at representing trees, and +the flowers of various species of _Helianthus_. + +5. _Red ware with color decorations_. This ware is represented by but +few vessels, which are in every respect similar to the best variety of +the red pottery heretofore mentioned, except that it is marked with +figures in black, many of which are decorated only on the upper portions +around the neck or rim. + +6. _The ancient pottery_, of which Figs. 680 (40816) and 693 (40817) are +good examples. + +The Pueblo tribes of New Mexico and Arizona, with rare exceptions, +manufacture earthenware vessels for domestic use. The Pueblo of Taos may +be mentioned as one of these exceptions; although the manner of living, +the general habits, and characteristics of the tribe are similar to +those of the other Pueblo Indians, and although they make use of pottery +for domestic purposes, they do not manufacture it. Some pieces, such as +water jars and vessels used for cooking, are made in the village, but +this occurs only in such families as have intermarried with other tribes +where the manufacture of the native ware is carried on. + +The Pueblos among whom the manufacture of pottery or earthenware +utensils may be classed as a conspicuous feature of their peculiar +civilization at the present time, are situated geographically as +follows: San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Cochiti, Santo Domingo, +San Felipe, Sandia, and Isleta, located on the Rio Grande; Pojake, +Tesuke, Nambe, Jamez, Zia or Silla, Santa Ana, Laguna, and Acoma, +situated on the tributaries of the Rio Grande; Zuni, and some small +pueblos of the same tribe all within the borders of New Mexico. Zuni +however is located on the Rio Zuni, which flows into the Little Colorado +River. + +The Moki pueblos, numbering seven in all, are embraced in what is called +the Province of Tusyan, and are located within the Territory of Arizona, +near its northeastern corner. + +The Zunians and Shinumos, although situated farther from civilized +people and less influenced by their usages than any of the other Indians +mentioned, surpass all the other tribes in the manufacture of all kinds +of earthenware. The collections made from these tribes, as will be seen +by reference to the catalogue, exceed, both in number and variety, those +from all the others combined. The collection as enumerated in the +catalogue includes specimens from all the pueblos referred to. + +Although the uses of these articles are to a great extent the same among +all the Pueblo tribes, and the shapes and forms are apparently similar, +yet to the experienced eye there is no difficulty in detecting the +peculiarities which distinguish one from the other, or at least in +assigning them to the tribes with which they originated. + +It will be observed by reference both to the colored and wood-cut +illustrations that there are special distinctions between the +ornamentation of the pottery of the pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley and +of those situated on the tributaries of the Rio Colorado. In the +decorations of the former the birds and vine are conspicuous and +constantly recurring features, while in the Zuni and Shinumo pottery the +elk, domestic animals, and birds peculiar to these arid regions are the +figures most frequently used. The difference is easily accounted for +when we are informed of the fact that the former tribes reside in the +valley of the Rio Grande, which is well adapted to the culture of the +grape as well as other crops. The ever-present vine and the numerous +birds which flock to this fertile valley will naturally suggest figures +for decoration. On the other hand, the Zunians and Shinumos reside in +regions almost destitute of water, and hence without any attractive +vegetation; therefore their designs are drawn chiefly from the sharp +outlines of their dwellings, their domestic animals, birds, and the elk +and antelope that graze in the little grassy oases. None of these are +actually drawn from nature, but from imagination and memory, as they +never have an object before them in molding or painting. + +In none of the cases referred to do we observe any attempts to imitate +the exact forms or ceramic designs of the so-called ancient pottery, +fragments and sometimes entire vessels of which are found throughout +this southwestern region. This seems strange from the fact that in the +use of stone implements we find but few which are the result of their +own handiwork. The old ruins are searched, and from them, and the debris +about them, stone pestles, mortars, hammers, hatchets, rubbing stones, +scrapers, picks, spear and arrow heads, and polishing stones are +collected by the inhabitants of nearly all the pueblos, and are kept and +used by them. + +The clay mostly used by the Zunians in the manufacture of pottery is a +dark, bluish, carbonaceous, clayey shale found in layers usually near +the tops of the mesas. Several of these elevated mesas are situated near +Zuni, from which the natives obtain this material. This carbonaceous +clay is first mixed with water and then kneaded as a baker kneads dough +until it reaches the proper consistency; with this, crushed volcanic +lava is sometimes mixed; but the Zunians more frequently pulverize +fragments of broken pottery, which have been preserved for this purpose. +This seems to prevent explosion, cracking, or fracture by rendering the +paste sufficiently porous to allow the heat to pass through without +injurious effect. When the clayey dough is ready to be used a sufficient +quantity is rolled into a ball. The dough, if worked by a careful +artist, is first tested as to its fitness for molding by putting a piece +of the paste to the tongue, the sensitiveness of which is such as to +detect any gritty substance or particles, when the fingers fail to do +so. The ball is hollowed out with the fingers into the shape of a bowl +(this form constituting the foundation for all varieties of earthenware) +and assumes the desired form by the addition of strips of the clay; all +traces of the addition of each strip are removed before another is +added, by the use of a small trowel fashioned from a piece of gourd or +fragment of pottery, the only tool employed in the manufacture of +pottery. + +The bottoms of old water jars and bowls form stands for the articles +while being worked by the potter. The bowls are filled with sand when +objects of a globular form are to be made. Although I have often watched +the process, yet in no instance have I ever observed the use of a +potter's wheel, measuring instrument, or model of any kind. The makers, +who are always females, depend entirely on memory and skill derived from +practice to accomplish their work. The vessels when completely formed +are laid in some convenient place to sun-dry. A paint or solution is +then made, either of a fine white calcareous earth, consisting mainly of +carbonate of lime, or of a milk-white indurated clay, almost wholly +insoluble in acids, and apparently derived from decomposed feldspar with +a small proportion of mica. This solution is applied to the surface of +the vessel and allowed to dry; it is then ready for the decorations. + +The pigments from which the paints are derived for decorative purposes +are also found in the vicinity of the mesas, and are employed by the +Indians in the production of two colors, each of which varies slightly +according to the intensity of heat in the process of baking, or the +manner in which it is applied. One varies from a black to a +blackish-brown, the other from a light brick red to a dark dull red +color. The material which produces these colors is generally found in a +hard, stony condition, and is ground in a small stone mortar, just as we +reduce India ink for use. When the pigment is properly reduced, and +mixed with water so as to form a thin solution, it is applied with +brushes made of the leaves of the yucca. These brushes are made of flat +pieces of the leaf, which are stripped off and bruised at one end, and +are of different sizes adapted to the coarse or fine lines the artist +may wish to draw. In this manner all the decorations on the pottery are +produced. + +The substance used in producing the black ware is a clayey brown +hematite, or ferruginous indurated clay, quite hard. The material used +to produce the red or brown colors is a yellowish impure clay, colored +from oxide of iron; indeed it is mainly clay, but contains some sand and +a very small amount of carbonate of lime. These are the principal +ingredients and methods involved in the manufacture of Zuni pottery. + +The method practiced by the Zunians in baking pottery differs somewhat +from that employed by the tribes who make quantities of black and red +ware. It seems to be a necessity on the part of the Zunians to observe +the greatest care in this operation. Their pottery is nearly all +decorated and must be baked free from contact with the peculiar fuel +used for that purpose. During the baking process it sometimes happens +that a piece of the fuel, which is composed of dried manure carefully +built up oven-shaped around the vessels to be baked, falls against the +vessel. In every such instance a carbonized or smoky spot is left on the +jar or bowl, which is regarded by the Indians as a blemish. The kiln is +carefully watched until the fuel is thoroughly burnt to a white ash, +when the vessels can be removed without danger of such blemishes. + +The mode of manufacturing pottery adopted at the pueblos of the Rio +Grande Valley is quite similar to that described as practiced by the +Zuni, Shinumo, Acoma, and Laguna Indians, but there is considerable +difference in the method of decorating and polishing. Polishing is +practiced chiefly by the Indians of the eastern pueblos, and but little +by those of the more western region. + +The pueblos of Santa Clara, Cochiti, San Juan, Tesuke, &c., manufacture +large quantities of pottery for sale in addition to that made for their +own use. It is in these eastern pueblos that the black polished ware is +chiefly found, and it is in the production of this class of ware that +the chief difference in the ceramic art between the two sections exists. +The clays used in the manufacture of this ware are of the same character +as those of which the other is made; the paste is prepared in the same +way, so that when the vessels are formed and ready for the kiln they are +of the color of the original clay. In other words, the change to the +black color is not produced in making the paste or in moulding or +forming the vessel, but during the process of baking. The manner of +forming the vessel is the same as with the western tribes; and when, +formed it is dried in the sun in the same way; after this a solution of +very fine ochre-colored clay is applied to the outside and inside near +the top, or to such parts of the surface as are to be polished. While +this solution thus applied is still moist, the process of polishing +begins by rubbing the parts thus washed with smooth, fine-grained stones +until quite dry and glossy. The parts thus rubbed still retain the +original red color of the clay. The vessels are again placed in the sun +and allowed to become thoroughly dry, when they are ready for baking. It +is in this part of the process that the great differences in color are +produced. The vessels are placed together in a heap on a level spot of +ground and carefully covered over with coarsely broken dried manure +obtained from the corrals. The kiln thus formed is then ignited at +several points. + +It is proper to add here that the clays used by the Santa Clara Indians +are of a brick-red color, containing an admixture of very fine sand, +which, no doubt, prevents cracking in burning, and hence dispenses with +the necessity of using lava or pottery fragments, as is the custom of +the Indians of the western pueblos. The burning is carried on until a +sufficient degree of heat is obtained properly to bake the vessels, +which still retain their original red brick color. At this juncture such +of the vessels as it is desired have remain in that condition are +removed from the fire and allowed to cool, when they are ready for use. +Those which the artists intend to color black are allowed to remain and +another application of fuel, finely pulverized, is made, completely +covering and smothering the fire. This produces a dense, dark smoke, a +portion of which is absorbed by the baking vessels and gives them the +desired black color. It is in this manner that the black ware of these +eastern pueblos is produced. + +It is said that among the Cochiti, Santa Clara, and some other Pueblos a +vegetable matter is employed to produce some of their decorative +designs; this, however, I was unable to verify, though some of the +Indians assured me of the fact, and furnished me a bunch of the plant, +which Dr. Vasey, of the Agricultural Department, found to be _Cleome +integrifolia_, a plant common throughout the Western Territories. A few +specimens of the ware, some burnt and some unburnt, said to be decorated +with the oil or juice of this plant were secured. + +As heretofore remarked, notwithstanding the variety in ornamentation, +there are really but few different figures, and these are mostly quite +simple. Any one interested in the study of Indian art can find in the +figures and plates of this catalogue all the original conceptions of the +artists of the Pueblo Indians as depicted by them. + +While it is of value in the study of ethnology, and as affording a means +of comparison in the study of archaeology, there is nothing in the +composition or ornamentation, or in the form of the vessels, that +ceramic artists of the civilized races would desire to copy. + +As a means of reference in the study of ancient American pottery, I +consider the collection invaluable, as it can scarcely be possible that +the forms and decorations contain nothing that has been handed down from +a former age. Although the figures used have no symbolic characters +connected with them in the mind of the modern artist, yet it is more +than probable that at least some of them did have such a meaning to the +ancient artists. For example, the little tadpole-shaped figure on the +clay baskets used in their dances and sacred ceremonies by the Zunians +is understood by them to represent a little water articulate, which, as +heretofore stated, is probably the larva of some insect or crustacean, +very common in the pools and sluggish streams of the country inhabited +by these Indians. Now, it is possible that this figure has been used +with the same meaning from time immemorial, but I find, as pointed out +to me by Prof. Cyrus Thomas, that almost exactly the same figure is on a +vessel pictured on Plate VII of the manuscript Troano, where a religious +ceremony of some kind is evidently represented. The same figure is also +found in Landa's character for the Maya day _Cib_, a word signifying +copal, a gum or resin formerly used in religious ceremonies as incense. +I find also on Plate XXXV of the same manuscript the figures of bowls or +pots with legs similar to those of the Zuni. I do not point out these +resemblances as proof of any relation between the two races, but as mere +illustrations of what possibly may be learned by a careful study of the +forms and decorations of this pottery. It may also be well to add here +another fact to which Professor Thomas calls my attention, viz., the +similarity between the manner of wearing the hair by the Shinumo women, +_i.e._, in knots at the side, as represented by the female images, and +that of the ancient Maya women, as shown in numerous figures on the +manuscript Troano. Any one familiar with General Cesnola's collection +from Cyprus cannot fail to be reminded of it when he examines this +collection of Indian pottery; especially the colors used and the general +character of the specimens; but an inspection of the two collections is +necessary in order to have this general resemblance brought to mind, as +it does not appear so distinctly on a comparison of the published +figures only. The figures on Plate XLIV of his "Cyprus" bear quite a +striking resemblance to those on some specimens of Cochiti ware. The +quadruple cup, Fig. 25, page 406, is almost exactly like the Zuni +quadruple cups, and was probably used for the same purpose. The same +type of multiple cups is also shown in Plate IX of the same work. The +two tea-pot-like vessels represented on Plate VIII, as well as the two +bird-shaped pieces on the same plate, are much, like the similar vessels +of Cochiti pottery, several of which are figured in this catalogue. + +The resemblance of this Indian ware, in the form of the vessels, to that +found in the ancient mounds of this country is so marked that it is +scarcely necessary to remind the reader of the fact, but it may be well +to call attention to the much, larger proportion of water vessels among +the Indian pottery than is seen in collections from the mounds. This, +however, may perhaps be accounted for by the scarcity of water in the +western region. + +The custom of the Zuni artists of making a diamond or triangle over the +region of the heart of the elk and deer figures with a line running to +the mouth, although somewhat singular, is quite consistent with the +Indian practice of symbolic writing. I was informed by the Zuni Indians +that it was intended to denote that "the mouth speaks from the heart." A +similar mark occurs in the decoration of the vase figured in Cesnola's +"Cyprus," page 268. + +Contemporaneous and somewhat closely related tribes may use widely +different figures in the decoration of their ware, and hence it is +unsafe, in studying ancient specimens, to draw hasty conclusions from +slight differences in this respect; and I think I may also safely add +that a comparatively short period of time, a century or so at most, may +suffice to bring about a great change in the same tribe in the form and +manner of decorating their pottery. It also shows us that the ware of a +given tribe, which does not bear the impress of civilized influence, +can, by a careful study, be distinguished in nearly all cases from that +of any other tribe. I feel so confident of the truth of this statement, +that I would not hesitate to undertake to pick out all pieces of Zuni +ornamented ware from a collection of thousands of specimens of modern +Pueblo Indian pottery if indiscriminately mixed together. + +The Shinumo pottery in general appearance and form bears a strong +resemblance to that of Zuni; in fact it is almost impossible to separate +the ornamented bowls and water vases of the two if mingled together. +There are certain figures found in the one which never occur in the +other, but there are a number of designs, especially of those most +generally seen, that are quite common to the pottery of both tribes. + +The different varieties of ware, the red or brown without decorations, +the white with decorations, and the black are in general use with the +tribe, and specimens of each are contained in the collection. But few +specimens of the purely micaceous ware are found, either in Zuni or +Wolpi. + +The preponderance of the large round water jugs in the Shinumo +collection over that of Zuni is noticeable. This form of vessel seems +to be more in use by tribes whose villages are quite remote from water +or which are situated on high mesas difficult of access. The kinds of +vessels, however, which are common with the Zunians are also common with +the Shinumos, and those intended for the same use are generally of the +same shape or similar in form. But, as with the decorations, there are +also vessels so markedly distinct and variant from those we find at Zuni +as to show very readily at least tribal distinctions between the ceramic +artists and manufacturers. + +The proximity of Laguna to Acoma led us to anticipate what we afterward +found, viz., a great similarity in the forms of their vessels, and +also in their manner of ornamentation. The principal differences consist +in the more profuse use of the forms of birds and flowers, the first +evidently representing prairie grouse and the last some form of +sunflower. There is an absence of the geometrical forms, of lines +and angles commonly observed on the works of more distant pueblos. + +Quite a number of animal representations, made hollow for use as +drinking vessels, were obtained, displaying grotesquely imitative forms +of deer, elk, sheep, big-horn, antelope, and other animals with which +they are familiar. All of these objects have more color laid on them +than is to be found on the pottery of their neighbors of Acoma, the +birds and animals being painted in a light rufous fawn color not in use +elsewhere, and the only instance of the employment of green is on a +tinaja of this pueblo used in coloring some foliage. + + +VEGETAL SUBSTANCES. + +This class of ware comprises a very diversified group of objects; +indeed, so great is the variety that I will not attempt a general +description of them. Specific reference will be made to the objects +as they occur in their places in the catalogue. + +The objects of basketry or wicker-work are quite varied in form, +construction, and decoration. Those made by the Zuni Indians are so rude +and coarse as not to entitle them to any merit. The larger baskets made +by this tribe are used for carrying corn, melons, peppers, &c. The +smaller are used for holding beans, shelled corn, and other coarse +small materials. + +The basketry of the Shinumos is of a finer and more finished quality. +Among these are many jug or canteen shaped baskets, from which, no +doubt, many of the forms of their pottery water vessels have been +copied. These are sometimes globular, with large round bodies and small +necks. They are generally very closely woven and are then coated over +with a resin or gum which renders them capable of holding water. Like +some of their water jugs, in pottery, they have small horsehair ears +or loops attached to the sides through which strings are passed for +carrying them either over the head or shoulder. This class of water jug +basketry all show evidences of age, and it is possible that they were +manufactured by the Apaches or other tribes skilled in the art. The flat +kinds are designed to hold fine grain and meal, and are also frequently +used for winnowing. This is done by placing a small quantity of grain in +the basket, and by a skillful motion throwing the grain up into the wind +and again catching it as it comes down. This motion is kept up until the +wind has separated the chaff from, the grain. Many of the flat baskets +are decorated in colors, as will be seen by the accompanying +illustrations. + +It is quite probable that most of the finer ware of this class is +manufactured by the Apache Indians, who are celebrated for this work, +and finds its way among the Pueblos through the medium of barter. + +The basketry of the Zunians is usually made of small round willows and +the stem of the yucca, the leaves of which attain a long slender growth +in that region. It is quite certain that the basketry used for holding +water is not manufactured by the Zunians, and probably not by the +Shinumos, though many are found with them. + +As previously stated, the basketry manufactured by the Shinumo Indians +is of a more finished class and of a greater variety than that made and +used by any of the other Pueblos, as will be seen by reference to the +accompanying illustrations. Among the examples of this ware, obtained at +Wolpi, is a large number of the flat or saucer-shaped kind; these vary +both in size and character of construction as well as decoration. The +manner of making one form of this class is quite interesting as well as +curious. A rope-like withe of the fiber of the yucca, made quite fine, +is wrapped with flat strips of the same plant. In forming the basket +with this rope the workman commences at the center, or bottom, and +coils the rope round, attaching it by a method of weaving, until, by +successive layers of the rope, it attains the desired dimensions. These +are quite highly and prettily ornamented in black, white, and yellow, +and are compact and strong. Another variety of baskets of similar shape +and size, and also fancifully ornamented, was obtained from the same +Indians. These are made from small round willows. They exhibit less +skill in construction, but are handsomely ornamented. Another kind was +also obtained from the Shinumos, which, however, are attributed to the +Apaches and probably found their way into the Moki villages through +trade. These are large bowl-shaped baskets, almost watertight, but +generally used as flour and meal baskets. They are also ornamented +black and yellow, produced by weaving the material of different colors +together while making the basket. + +There are many other forms and varieties, which will be referred to at +the proper time, as they occur in the catalogue. + +The Pueblos employ a variety of plants and herbs for medicinal and +dyeing purposes, some of which were collected. Their botanical names +were not determined, but they are indigenous to the regions inhabited +by the Indians using them. + +Ornaments and musical instruments employed in dances and religious +ceremonies do not differ much among the Pueblo Indians; the principal +ones being the drum, rattle, notched sticks, a kind of fife, and a +turtle-shell rattle. The latter instrument is the shell of a turtle, +around the edges of which the toes of goats and calves are attached; +this produces a very peculiar rattling sound. The shell is usually +attached to the leg near the knee. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM ZUNI. + + +ARTICLES OF STONE. + +_AXES, HAMMERS, AND MAULS._ + +1. (40139). Flat rubbing or grinding stone of silicified wood. + +2. (40551). Stone axe, _[-o]'-l[-a]-ki-le_, with groove near the larger + end. + +3. (40552). Imperfectly-made stone axe, _[-o]'-l[-a]-ki-le_, grooved at + each edge; basalt. + +4. (40553). Large axe, with groove around the middle; sandstone. + +5. (40554). Axe, grooved at the middle, square and flat on top; basalt. + +6. (40555). Small centrally-grooved axe; schistose rock. + +7. (40556). Axe, grooved in the middle. + +8. (40557). Axe, grooved near the blunt end, which is shaped similarly + to the edge. + +9. (40558). Axe, grooved near the end. + +10. (40559). Small hatchet, _[-o]'-l[-a]-ki-le_, of basalt doubly + grooved, edge beveled from both sides, hammer end about one and a half + inches in diameter. + +11. (40560). Grooved axe, _[-o]'-l[-a]-ki-le_, of fine black basalt, + well polished; groove well worn. The face or side is intended to be + near the holder when in use. Fig. 352. This specimen was found in + Arizona, near Camp Apache, and was presented by Mrs. George P. Buell. + It is one of the largest in the collection with such perfect finish. + +12. (40561). Grooved in the center; of porous basalt. + +13. (40562). Hammer grooved in the center, rounded off at each end. + +14. (40563). Small hatchet-shaped instrument, square at the back, and + rounded at the front edge. + +15. (40563a). Rudely-made axe, grooved near the blunt end. + +16. (40564). Small axe, with a groove round the body quite near the + blunt end; basalt. + +17. (40565). Axe, three and a half inches long. + +18. (40566). Quite small, probably a hatchet, of firm basalt, grooved + near the hammer end. + +19. (40567). Much larger than the last, basaltic; groove quite deep and + smooth, hammer end circular, large, and blunt. + +20. (40568). Grooved axe of quartzitic rock. + +21. (40569). Pick-shaped axe, grooved entirely around, with imperfect + depressions which were in the water-worn boulder from which it was + made; about six inches in length. + +22. (40570). Boulder of sandstone with groove near the middle. + +23. (40571). Flat basaltic boulder, grooved near the center, straight on + the back, and tapering above and below the groove. + +24. (40572). Small basaltic hammer and axe with groove near the large + end. + +25. (40573). Small grooved axe composed of hard sandstone; hammer end + large, edge quite perfect. + +26. (40574). Small boulder of basalt, ground to an edge at one end and + rounded off at the other; doubly grooved. + +27. (40575). Large basaltic stone considerably chipped off from pounding + hard substances, grooved near the center, both ends quite blunt; + probably used as a pounding stone. + +28. (40576). Flat basaltic boulder, used as a pounder. + +29. (40577). Basaltic hatchet grooved in the middle; quite rough. + +30. (40578). Grooved axe of a very heavy, solid character, apparently + designed more for mauling than cutting. + +31. (40579). Large, heavy basaltic hammer and axe with groove around the + body near the hammer end; about seven inches long. + +32. (40580). Axe, grooved in the middle, upper or hammer end unusually + long in proportion to the size. + +33. (40581). Flat axe made from a water-worn boulder, oval in outline, + both edges designed for cutting or splitting. Deep groove encircling + the body, with protrusions above and below it to prevent the handle + from slipping out; greenstone. + +34. (40582). Hard, fine-grained sandstone axe wedge-shaped, without a + groove. + +35. (40583). Grooved axe with round body. + +36. (40584). Fig. 349. Axe with a broad, shallow groove near the upper + end, which is much narrower and smaller than the lower; of mottled + volcanic rock, white, green, and black. + +37. (40585). Axe grooved in the middle, irregular in shape, and much + chipped off at the lower edge and rounded off at the top. + +38. (40806). Made from a very fine, hard metamorphic rock, small enough + to be classed as a hatchet; crescent-shaped at the top. + +39. (40703). Fig. 348. A very dark brown axe, speckled with reddish + spots. This axe bears a much finer polish than most of those in the + collection. + +40. (40704). Axe, grooved near the upper end, which is cone-shaped. + +41. (40705). An almost square axe of basaltic rock, grooved on the + sides, flat on top. + +42. (40706). Axe of quartzitic rock, flat and thin; grooved. + +43. (40900). Long, narrow axe, grooved near the upper end. + +44. (40901). Axe, made from a water-worn boulder, almost to its present + shape. + +45. (40902). Small, round axe of basalt, having a shallow groove near + the larger end. + +46. (40903). Grooved basaltic axe. + +47. (40904). Maul, with rough surface, one side flat, the other convex, + with a groove. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 347 (42229) (1/3) + Fig. 348 (40703) (1/3) + Fig. 349 (40584) (1/3) + Fig. 350 (39903) (1/3) + Fig. 351 (42205) (1/3) + Fig. 352 (40560) (1/3) + Figs. 347-352.--Zuni Grooved Axes.] + +48. (40258). Double-grooved axe of porphyry, well polished and quite + perfect. + +49. (41260). Grooved axe of compact sandstone; wedge-shaped. + +50. (42204). Stone maul of basalt, with groove; very rough. + +51. (42205). Grooved axe of basalt. Fig. 351. This specimen was obtained + at Fort Wingate, in New Mexico, but was probably found in or around + some of the ruins. + +52. (42229). This is one of the finest specimens in the collection, and, + as shown by the cut, Fig. 347, has the handle attached, ready for use. + This is formed of a willow withe bent round the axe and doubled, + extending out far enough to form a handle and wrapped with a buckskin + string; of compact basalt. + +53. (42230). Shallow-grooved axe of basalt. + +54. (42231). Axe, with a shallow groove near the larger end. + +55. (42232). Axe of basalt, grooved on the sides. + +56. (42233). Grooved axe, in size and shape the same as (42226). + +57. (42234). Grooved axe of a peculiar black mottled rock, with white, + marble-like streaks through it; groove surrounding it in the center. + +58. (42235). Irregularly-shaped axe with a wide and deep groove + surrounding it, curiously mottled with reddish and green streaks. + Specimens of this kind are quite rare. + +59. (42236). Grooved axe; sides well polished and exhibiting peculiar + reddish spots. + +60. (42237). Small grooved axe of metamorphic rock. + +61. (42238). Grooved axe. + +62. (42239). Small grooved axe of schistose rock, much flaked off at + each end. + +63. (42240). Axe, grooved on three sides; similar in size and shape to + (42223). + +64. (42241). Grooved axe with flattened top. + +65. (42242). Same as the preceding. + +66. (42242). Grooved axe with two edges. + +67. (42244). Celt-shaped axe of basalt; it appears to have been used as + a rubbing stone. + +68. (39869). Zuni maul with circular groove around the centre, used + generally for grinding or pounding soft foods, such as red-pepper + pods; of porous lava. + +69. (39903). Double-edged axe, _[-o]'-l[-a]-ki-le_, with groove around + the middle; volcanic rock, from Zuni. See Fig. 350. + +70. (42349). Rounded end of a sandstone metate grinder converted into a + flat hammer by grooving it at the opposite edges. + +71. (41291). Pounder of sandstone. It was originally a common axe. Thumb + and finger depression on the sides. + +72. (40871). Lava Chili pounder with cap-shaped ends; grooved. + +73. (40906). Lava rock pounder; small. + +_METATES, OR GRAIN-GRINDERS, AND PESTLES._ + +74. (40870). Square red sandstone metate. + +75. (42280). Flat sandstone grinding slab. + +76-82. The following numbers represent the rubbers accompanying the + metates. The Indian name is _y[ae]'-l[)i]n-ne_: 76, (40909); 77, + (40910); 78, (40911); 79, (40912); 80, (40913); 81, (40914); 82, + (41259); sandstone rubber. + +_MORTARS, PESTLES, ETC._ + +These are found in use at all the pueblos, but are more common in Zuni +and the Moki villages than elsewhere, as these Indians use mineral +pigments more extensively and in greater variety than any of the others. + +The pestles and mortars obtained from these tribes are all too small to +be used for any other purpose than grinding pigments. Many of them +appear to be quite old, and were probably handed down from distant +ancestors, or obtained from the ruins. Some of them are evidently of +modern manufacture. + +83. (40707). Mortar; a round, flat, quartzitic boulder with round cavity + on one side about one inch in diameter and half an inch deep, and a + square depression on the other about an inch deep and two inches in + width; indigo still clinging to the surface of the depression. + +84. (40708). Mortar of quartzite, the body nearly square and flat; + depression round and about four inches in diameter, quite shallow. + +85. (40709). Mortar of coarse-grained sandstone, almost perfectly round, + the cavity quite deep, and lined with red ochre or vermilion. + +86. (40710). Mortar of a flat sandstone with irregular rim about four + inches in diameter. + +87. (40711). Paint mortar of a small round quartz boulder. + +88. (40712). Mortar of fine-grained sandstone about six inches long by + three wide; sides square. This mortar was in use by the Zunians for + the purpose of grinding a pigment of yellowish impure clay, colored by + the oxide of iron, with which they decorate their pottery, and which + produces the brown and reddish-brown colors. + +89. (40713). Small mortar of sandstone. + +90. (40714). Mortar made from a flat water-worn quartz boulder with a + circular depression about half an inch deep. The bottom of this mortar + shows evidence of its having been used as a grinding stone previous to + being converted into a mortar, or it may have been used for both + purposes, as both the paint cavity and the rubbing side show recent + use. + +91. (40715). Paint mortar of basalt, used for grinding the yellow + pigment for ornamenting pottery; about four inches in diameter, cavity + about one inch deep, bottom ground flat. + +92. (40716). Flat paint mortar, of quartz rock, almost round, about an + inch thick, depression quite shallow; used for grinding a pigment of + azurite or carbonate of copper, small nodules of which they collect + at copper mines. This pigment is used in painting and decorating + wooden images and gods. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 353 (40731) (1/3) + Fig. 355 (42245) (1/3) + Fig. 354 (42266) (1/3) + Fig. 357 (40808) (1/4) + Fig. 356 (41289) + Fig. 358 (42272) (1/2) + Figs. 353-358.--Stone Implements from Zuni.] + +93. (40717). Mortar similar to the above, and used for the same purpose. + +94. (40718). Paint mortar made from a large irregularly round + ferruginous sandstone. Used in pulverizing a reddish pigment for + decorating pottery. + +95. (40719). Mortar of a globular shape, made from a coarse-grained + sandstone, used for grinding or mixing vermilion. + +96. (40720). Paint mortar of sandstone. The whole mortar is only about + an inch thick; made from a section of an old metate rubber. + +97. (40722). Paint mortar of quartzite; blue pigment grinder. Size about + four by three inches. This, like many of the flat mortars, has been + first used as a rubbing stone and subsequently converted into a paint + mortar. + +98. (40723). Mortar made from a quartz boulder. + +99. (40724). Sandstone mortar. + +100. (40725). Paint mortar of sandstone, very flat. + +101. (40726). Paint mortar, with oblong shallow depression; sandstone. + +102. (40728). Square paint mortar; cavity about half an inch deep; + sandstone impregnated with iron. Quartzitic pestle accompanying it. + +103. (40729). Paint mortar of quartzite; almost square; depression + almost worn through by use; quartz pebble pestle accompanying it. + +104. (40730). Small round paint mortar of basalt, with white quartz + pebble pestle. + +105. (40731). Fig. 353. Paint mortar and pestle of quartz, with a knob + on the end, which serves as a handle. This mortar was used in grinding + an azurite pigment. + +106. (40732). Mortar shaped somewhat like a ladle; the projecting end is + provided with a small groove out of which the paint is poured. + +107. (40733). Small sandstone mortar. + +108. (40864). Paint mortar of sandstone. + +109. (40868). Paint mortar of basalt, almost square. + +110. (40869). Flat, square sandstone paint mortar; black water-worn + pebble for pestle. + +111. (40907). Chili or red pepper mortar of very porous lava rock; oval + bottom, shallow cavity, about four inches thick and eight in diameter. + These lava mortars may have been used for other purposes, but at the + present time the Indians use them in crushing the pods and seeds of + red pepper, and occasionally for crushing parched corn. They are quite + common. + +112. (40908). Food mortar of lava rock; square with flat bottom. + Mortars of this kind are used in crushing grain and seeds. + +113. (42272). Fig. 358. Paint mortar of very hard, fine-grained + sandstone. The specimen is a very fair type of all the square paint + mortars and pestles. The depression is often square instead of round. + In grinding pigments the Indians generally move the pestle backward + and forward instead of around as is done by our druggists. + +114. (41273). Small sandstone paint mortar, much like the preceding. + +115. (40227). Small egg-shaped paint pestle of white quartz. The general + name of these in Zuni is _[ae]h-sh[)o]c-t[-o]n-ne_. + +116. (42276). Flat sandstone, circular and about five inches in + diameter; used as a quoit; originally a rubbing stone. + +_MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS._ + +117. (39755). Eight specimens not very well defined. They are flint + flakes, showing, by their shape, that they were designed for scrapers + and groovers, being flat or slightly concave on one side and oval on + the other. + +118. (41289). Fig. 356. This is a sandstone mould for shaping metal + into such forms as suit the fancy of the Indians for bridle and other + ornaments; one cavity is rectangular, about four inches long by one in + width; the other about two inches in diameter. Silver, which has long + been a metal of traffic among these tribes, is the one which is + usually melted down for ornamental purposes. After it is taken from + the mould it is beaten thin, then polished. + +119. (41290). Is a portion of the same mould, with one cavity square and + the other in the shape of a spear-head. + +120, 121. (42266), Fig. 354, and (42267), are crucibles, which were used + in connection with the moulds for melting silver and other metals. + Many other ornaments are made in the same manner. + +122. (40808). Fig. 357. This is a large, rudely chipped spear-head + of mica schist, obtained at Zuni, which was carried in the hand + of one of the performers in a dance. It does not show any + evidences of having been used in any other way. They called it + _[ae]h'-chi-[ae]n-t[-e]h-[ae]-hla_. + +123. (42245). Fig. 355. Handsomely-shaped and well-polished skinning + knife of a remarkably fine-grained silicious slate. Above the + shoulders on one side it is worn off to an oval surface, and is flat + on the other. + +124. (40915). Round sandstone, which is called a gaming stone; it is + quite round, and bears the same name in Zuni as the pestle, + _[-a]h-k[ae]-mon-ne_. + +125. (40916). Quartz stone, flat and rounded at the ends as a sort of + last to keep moccasins in shape while being sewed; called + _y[ae]'-l[)i]n-ne_. + +126. (41239). String of alabaster beads, _tem-thla_. + +127. (41240). Charm, representing the upper part of the body and head of + a bird. + +128. (41241). Charm; representing a horse; quartz. + +129. (41242). Charm; bird's head and upper part of body. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 359 (39871) (1/5) + Fig. 360 (39916) (1/4) + Figs. 359, 360.--Zuni Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 361 (39834) (1/5) + Fig. 362 (41150) (1/4) + Figs. 361, 362.--Zuni Water Vases.] + +130. (41243). Charm; horse and saddle. + +131. (41244). Charm; representing entire bird; quartz. + +132. (41245). Charm; head and upper part of body of a bird. + +133. (41246). Charm; the same. + +134. (41247). Agate arrow-head. + +135. (40870). Disk of sandstone, slightly convex in the centre; used in + games. + +136. (42325). Flat sandstone slab, with the horns of male and female + deer engraved on one side. + +137, 138. (40721) and (41249). Flat sandstones, used for baking +_wi-a-vi_, a thin, wafer-like bread, by heating the rocks and then +spreading a gruel-like mixture of corn meal over them. The largest one +of these stones is about three feet in length by two in width. They are +used by the Zuni and Moki pueblos quite extensively. + +139. (42324). Eighty chip flints and flakes of agate, quartz, + chalcedony, &c. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VASES._ + +140. (39871). Form and decorations shown in Fig. 359. The slender + shading lines only are brown, the rest of the figuring black; the base + in this as in most Zuni pottery is reddish or slate colored. This may + be considered as the type of one variety of decorations, readily + distinguished by the unadorned circular spaces, the large scrolls, and + the absence of animal forms. The larger forms of these vases are + called by the Zunians _k[-a]h'-wi-n[-a]-k[ae]-t[-e]hl-le_; the smaller + forms, _det-tsan-na_. + +141. (39916). The ornamentation is well shown in Fig. 360. The + combinations on this piece are rare on Zuni pottery, and the chief + figure on the body is more symmetrical than is usual in this group of + ware. This may also be considered as representing a second type of + decorations of which there is but one other example in the collection. + +142. (39920). This belongs to the variety represented by Fig. 360, and + varies chiefly in having the neck decorated with leaf-like figures, + and in having the scrolls replaced by triangles with inner serratures. + +143. (39934). The largest size; Fig. 361. The decorations of this piece + belong to a third variety, distinguished chiefly by the presence of + the elk or deer. Attention is called to the three figured zones or + belts on the body, the upper with the arch inclosing an elk; the + middle and narrow belt adorned with figures of birds with a long crest + feather. The helix or scroll is freely introduced in this variety. The + one here figured is typical of quite a large group. The animals are + usually black, as are the lines separating the spaces. + +144. (41150). This is similar in size and decorations to Fig. 361, and + is shown in Fig. 362. The difference in the form of the bird in this + from that in the preceding is worthy of notice. + +145. (39933). Similar to No. 143 (Fig. 361); bird scrolls as in No. 144. + +146. (40322). Medium size, represented in Fig. 364. It may be grouped in + the variety of which Fig. 359 is given as the type. + +147. (39936). Large size; decorations resembling those in Fig. 364, but + with two belts of scrolls on the body. + +148. (41154). Medium size; figures as in No. 147. + +149. (41155). 150. (41162). Medium size; decorations similar to the + preceding, except that No. 150 (41162) has figures of sheep on the + neck. + +151. (41158). Large size; the ornamentation of this piece, as will be + seen by reference to Fig. 363, belongs to the variety represented by + Fig. 359 and 364, but differs in having on the body a middle zone of + bird-like figures. + +152. (41161). Large size; similar to Fig. 363. + +153. (39943). Decorations very similar to those shown in Fig. 359. + +154. (39937). Medium size; ornamentation similar to that seen in Fig. + 361. + +155. (40312). Large size; shown in Fig. 365. As will be seen by + comparison the decorations are the same as those in Fig. 361, except + that the elk is omitted and a figure of scrolls introduced in its + place. + +156. (40310). Fig. 366. Large size. In the decorations of this piece we + observe a new feature, a rosette or flower, showing a decided + appreciation of the beautiful, either suggested by the flowers of the + Helianthus or by something introduced by Europeans, but most probably + the former. The different forms of this figure found on this ware + furnish, perhaps the best evidence of taste exhibited by the Zunian + artists. + +157. (40313). Fig. 368. Large size. In this we see the same figures as + in Figs. 363 and 366 brought into combination with the rosette, the + birds being replaced by sheep. + +158. (40318). Large size; similar to No. 149, except that the rosette is + introduced in place of the circle. + +159. (40314). } +160. (40316). } + Decorations belong to the variety shown in Fig. 361. + +161. (40317). Fig. 367. A little study of these figures will satisfy any + one that although there is an apparently endless variety in details, + there are, in fact, but comparatively few different figures. + +162. (41146). Fig. 370. This belongs to the same variety as Fig. 368. + +163. (40315). Large size, similar to that represented in Fig. 370, but + varying in form, having the expansion at the shoulder more prominent + and tapering more rapidly from thence to the base. The figures remind + us of the trappings often seen in Japanese cuts. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 363 (41158) (1/5) + Fig. 364 (40322) (1/3) + Figs. 363, 364.--Zuni Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 365 (40312) (1/5) + Fig. 366 (40310) (1/5) + Figs. 365, 366.--Zuni Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 367 (40317) (1/5) + Fig. 368 (40313) (1/5) + Figs. 367, 368.--Zuni Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 369 (40701) (1/4) + Fig. 370 (41146) (1/4) + Figs. 369, 370.--Zuni Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 371 (39935) (1/4) + Fig. 372 (41149) (1/4) + Figs. 371, 372.--Zuni Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 373 (39774) (1/4) + Fig. 374 (41167) (1/4) + Figs. 373, 374.--Zuni Water Vases.] + +164. (40319). Medium size; decorations similar to those in Fig. 361, + except that here the elk or deer stands on a broad black band in which + there is a row of white diamonds. + +165. (40321). Medium size; of the variety represented in Fig. 361, but + in these smaller pieces the bird zone is omitted, and there is but one + figured zone on the body. In this example a small elk is represented + as standing on the back of a larger one. + +166. (40700). Medium size, belonging to the same type as the preceding. + On the neck are figures of grotesque kite-shaped birds. + +167. (40701). Medium size; Fig. 369. This and the preceding one are not + designated as vases in the original Smithsonian Catalogue, nor in my + field list, but according to the form should be classed in this group. + +168. (41165). Medium size; decorations similar to those of Fig. 367, but + varying in having the figure of a bird introduced in the middle belt + with a small double scroll arising out of the back. The lower belt has + the same bird reversed. + +169. (39935). Medium size. The unusual decorations of this piece are + shown in Fig. 371. It differs, as does also Fig. 369, from the usual + form; the body is more nearly spherical, the neck more gracefully + curved, and the rim slightly flaring. The proportions are also + different; height, 8.75 inches; diameter of body, 10; of mouth, 6.5. + +170. (41144). } +171. (41147). } + Decorations similar to those in Fig. 364; (41144) varies in having the + figures of elk or deer on the neck and in the coarser or ruder + scrolls. + +172. (41149). This somewhat abnormal form is well shown in Fig. 372. It + is of medium size. + +173. (41152). This belongs to the same type, both as to form and + decorations. + +174. (41153). Large size; of the usual form, but the decorations on the + body peculiar, the design being crudely architectural. + +175. (41156). Medium size, belonging to the type represented by Fig. + 361. + +176. (41163). Medium size. This pretty vase has a somewhat peculiar + decoration, which can be best described as a kind of patch-work + representing small fragments of pottery. + +177. (41166). Medium size, with the usual elk and scroll figures. + +178. (41167). This specimen, which is rather above medium size, presents + one of the most chaste designs in the entire group. It is represented + in Fig. 374. Attention is called especially to the leaves and to the + simple meander in the stripes. + +179. (41168). Marked with the usual elk and scroll figures. Medium size. + +180. (39774). The decorations of this piece, shown in Fig. 373, may be + classed with the peculiar type with oblique and vertical bands + represented in Fig. 374. + +181. (39917). Figures similar to those in Fig. 363. + +182. (40768). The decorations on this piece consist entirely of + representations of pyramids or possibly of pueblos, and are arranged + in bands, one on the neck and two on the body; the two upper bands + show the figures inverted. + +183. (40770). } +184. (40771). } + No. 183 is decorated with scrolls and bird scrolls and a scalloped + line around the shoulder; No. 184 with elks and scrolls on the body. + +185-188. 185, (40800). Fig. 378. The grotesque or kite-like bird seen on + the neck, though rarely seen on the large water vase, is common on the + small ones. To this type belong the following Nos. 186, (40769); 187, + (40772); 188, (40791). + +189. (40773). } +190. (40776). } + These have the usual triangular and scroll designs without animal + figures, as in Fig. 364. + +191. (40777). Fig. 377. The decorations on this evidently belong to the + same type as those represented in Fig. 359, the bird on the neck being + the only variation. To this type also belong the following numbers: + 192, (40778); 193, (40792); 194, (40794). + +195. (40779). } +196. (40781). } +197. (40788). } +198. (40787). } +199. (40788). } +200. (40801). } + These belong to the type represented by Fig. 361, distinguished + chiefly by the elk, triangular figures, and scrolls. + +201. (40780). } +202. (40784). } +203. (40786). } +204. (40790). } + The decorations on these are similar to those shown in Figs. 366, 367, + 368, and 370, in which the rosette is a distinguishing characteristic. + Nos. 201, 202, and 203 are without figures of animals; No. 204 has a + double belt of elk figures between the rosettes. + +205. (40782). The designs on this remain unfinished; except that the + triangles on the neck and the arches in which it was evidently the + intention to place the figures of animals, are shown. + +206. (40785). Fig. 375. This pretty vase, as will be seen by reference + to the figure, has the diameter greater in proportion to the height + than usual. Although the design is tasteful the hues are coarse and + not so well drawn as the figure indicates. + +207. (40789). On this there is an evident attempt to represent a pueblo + or communal dwelling and the ladders. + +208. (40793). Shown in Fig. 376. + +209. (40795). Neck and lower belt of the body marked with vertical lines + and oblique diamonds; upper belt with inverted pyramidal figures. + +210. (40849). Very small; marked with oblique scalloped lines. + +211. (40850). Very small; elk and grotesque bird on the body. + +212. (40851). Very small; decorations similar to those on the middle + belt of Fig. 373. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 375 (40785) (1/3) + Fig. 376 (40793) (1/3) + Fig. 377 (40777) + Fig. 378 (40800) (1/4) + Figs. 375-378.--Zuni Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 379 (39659) + Fig. 380 (39618) + Fig. 381 (40798) + Fig. 382 (39592) + Fig. 383 (41145) + Fig. 384 (41052) + Figs. 379-384.--ZUNI POTTERY.] + +213. (41105). Similar to that shown in Fig. 361. + +214. (40774). Marked with transverse lines and scrolls; design simple + and unique. + +The following specimens are red ware: + +215. (40311). Large size; without ornamentation. + +216. (40775). Small; form peculiar, diameter of the body greatest at the + base, mouth flaring; decorations in black, consisting of triangles + pointing downwards, and lines. + +217. (40798). Medium size. See Fig. 381. + +218. (40799). } +219. (40802). } + Small; without ornamentation. + +220. (41145). Large. See Fig. 383. + +221. (41052). Medium size. See Fig. 384. + +222. (41151). } +223. (41157). } +224. (41159). } + Medium size; without ornamentation. + +225. (41160). Medium size; with a scalloped band in black around the rim + and shoulder. + +Black ware: + +226. (39930). Large size; without ornamentation. + +The only black water vase obtained at Zuni; it was doubtless procured +from some other tribe. The black ware obtained from, this tribe is in +nearly all cases used for cooking, or holding liquids or moist foods. As +remarked in another place, the Zuni black ware is generally small except +in cases where large quantities of food are to be cooked, which occurs +at feast tunes, when very large vessels are employed. + +_WATER JUGS AND JARS._ + +These vary so greatly in form that it is impossible to give any general +description that would convey a correct idea. + +227. (39885). Somewhat mug-shaped, with handle; the top is rounded to + the small mouth, no neck. White ware with scalloped bands and a + Maltese cross. + +228. (39886). Similar in form, but smaller, without handle or + decorations. + +229. (39899). Somewhat similar in form to the preceding, except that it + is lower and more depressed, and instead of a mouth, at the top there + is an orifice at the side as in the canteens, with which this should + probably be classed. + +230. (39940). Similar to No. 228. + +231. (40062). Similar in form to No. 227, but without handle; with a + double scalloped band around the constricted portion, and a single one + around the mouth; figure of an insect on the upper half; apparently + intended to represent a butterfly or large moth. + +232. (40608). Small unhandled jug in the form of a smelling bottle. + Unadorned. + +233. (40611). Similar to No. 232. + +234. (40697). } +235. (40608). } + Like No. 228, with slight decorations. + +236. (41140). An amphora or slender jug with two handles. + +237. (39928). A jar shown in Fig. 399. + +238. (39922). _M[-e]-h[-e]-t[-o]_, canteen of large size. Plain brown, + as are also the following specimens: + +239-242. 239, (40079); 240, (40081); 241, (40082), this has a small + flower on one side; 242, (40083). + +243-245. 243, (40088); 244, (40090); 245, (40091). + +246-248. 246, (40085); 247, (40086), and 248, (40676), plain, white. + +249. (40077). White with color decorations. Fig. 387. + +The following eight specimens are also white with colors: + +250. (40078). Decorated profusely with scrolls, leaves, and other + figures. See Fig. 400. + +251. (40080). Figure of a coiled snake or worm, without head or other + character to indicate what it was intended to represent. + +252. (40084). Usual scroll figures. + +253. (40087). Decorated with simple loops and bands. + +254. (40089). Radiating serrate lines. + +255. (40092). Vase-shaped, with three colored bands. + +256. (40093). Shown in Fig. 385. + +257. (40886). Handsome piece, with floweret at the apex, scrolls on the + side, and a scalloped band around the middle. The bands are always + horizontal, the vessel being on its side. See Fig. 398. + +258. (39914). _M[-e]-h[-e]-t[-o]-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_, canteens of small size. + Red. Double, with two sets of handles and two chambers, but with + only one orifice. Decorations in white, those on the larger piece + consisting of meanders of the simplest form, a figure very unusual on + Zuni pottery. + +259. (39659). Brown, with handle and decorations in black. See Fig. 379. + +260. (39923). Plain brown. + +The following are also plain brown, red, or yellow: + +261-271. 261, (40094); 262, (40095); 263, (40096); 264, (40097), Fig. + 390; 265, (40099); 266, (40100); 267, (40101); 268, (40687), Fig. 386; + 269, (40688); 270, (40689); 271, (40690). + +272. (40102). White, with an oblique scalloped band. + +273. (39872). White, shown in Fig. 389. + +274. (40686). White, decorations as in Fig. 389. + +275. (40685). White, with a single flower. + +276. (40691). White, egg-shaped, with a single handle; decorated with a + figure of the horned toad. + +277. (40692). White, form and decorations like those shown in Fig. 385. + +278. (40098). With outline figures of birds. + +279. (40695). White, shown in Fig. 388. Although obtained at Zuni, this + piece may have been manufactured at one of the other pueblos. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 385 (40093) (1/3) + Fig. 386 (40687) (1/3) + Fig. 387 (40077) (1/6) + Figs. 385-387.--Zuni Canteens] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 388 (40695) (1/3) + Fig. 389 (39872) (1/3) + Fig. 390 (40097) (1/3) + Fig. 391 (40106) (1/3) + Figs. 388-391.--Zuni Canteens.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 392 (39889) (1/5) + Fig. 393 (40104) (1/3) + Fig. 394 (39915) (1/3) + Fig. 392-394.--Zuni Canteens.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 395 (39913) (1/3) + Fig. 396 (39837) (1/3) + Fig. 397 (39914) (1/6) + Figs. 395-397.--Zuni Canteens.] + +_JUGS OF FANCIFUL FORMS._ + +280. (39913). Fig. 395. Zuni name _M[-e]'-wi-i-p[ae]-chin_. + +281. (39887). Similar to No. 280. + +282. (39889). Fig. 392. _M[-e]'-wi-k[-e]-lik-t[-o]n-ne_. Plain red. + +283. (39915). Fig. 394. + +284. (40103). White, bottle-shaped, with constriction below the middle; + scalloped bands and bird figures around the upper third. See Fig. 402. + +285. (40104). Shown in Fig. 393. + +286. (40105). Similar to No. 285. Marked with the figure of a bird + having the wings spread. Navajo. _K[-o]'-s[-e]-t[)o]m-me._ + +287. (40106). Fig. 391. + +288. (39887). Fig. 396. A double-globed canteen; triangular, with + orifice at upper convexity. + +289. (39914). Fig. 397. Red ware, with white lines on the lower globe + and decorations in black on the upper, with orifice in each globe. + +_PITCHERS._ + +These are of the usual form, of such vessels, except that they are +generally without the lip. It is possible that to a certain extent they +have been patterned after those observed in use among the Europeans or +white races with whom these Indians have come in contact. But we shall +presently find specimens similar in form among the ancient pottery found +in the ruins of the cliff houses. We are inclined to believe that the +form is original and not borrowed. The figures introduced will suffice +to illustrate the form and usual decorations. The specimens obtained are +generally small, varying in capacity from a pint to half a gallon. These +are known in Zuni by the name _[-E]'-m[-u]sch-t[-o]n-ne_. + +290. (39918). Shown in Fig. 403. + +291. (40668). With scalloped margin and decorations similar to those on + Fig. 403. + +292. (40669). Without handle and should be classed with the cups. + Figures of plants. + +293. (40671). Triangles on the upper portion; simple meander on the + bowl. + +294. (40672). Similar to the following. + +295. (40673). With scalloped margin and zigzag lines on white ground; + small right-angle handle. + +296. (40674). With scalloped marginal and middle bands. The following + are brown ware with but slight decorations: + +297-310. 297, (40838); 298, (40839); 299, (40841); 300, (40843), outline + figures similar to those on No. 293; 301, (40844); 302, (40887); 303, + (40888); 304, (40889); 305, (40890), is really black but not polished; + 306, (40891); 307, (40893); 308, (40894); 309, (40897); 310, (40898). + +311. (40842). Scalloped rim and similar in size and shape to 298, + (40839). + +312. (40845). Small, white, with decorations and of unusual form, in + fact in the original field list is classed among the canteens. The + mouth is prolonged obliquely in the form of a large tube. It should + perhaps be classed with the water jugs. + +313. (40892). Form and decorations shown in Fig. 405. + +314. (40895). Scalloped margin; decorated with scrolls. + +315. (40896). Scalloped margin. Figures of the little water animal so + often represented on the earthenware baskets. + +316. (40899). Without handle; diamond figures on the neck. + +317. (41005). Fig. 406. + +318. (41013). Slender neck and small mouth; jug-shaped, marked with + twigs and leaves. This does not appear to be of Zuni manufacture. + +319. (41136). Fig. 407. + +320. (40840). Shown in Fig. 404. + +_CUPS OR CUP-SHAPED VESSELS._ + +Under this general head are included two forms: one, closely resembling +the true cup, as shown in the figures and to which the Zunis apply the +name _s[-a]t-ts[-a]n-n[-a]-m[-u]-y[-a]_, and those in the form of ollas +or bowls, and without handles. The decorations of the true cup-shaped +vessels, especially on the inner surface, follow somewhat closely the +patterns found on the bowls. Here we see the zigzag marginal line, the +scalloped bands, the interlaced or tessellated bands with star points, +triangles, scrolls, &c.; but the elongate triangle or lance point is +seldom present. As no new figure is introduced it is unnecessary for me +to describe the decorations. A few are of red or brown ware. + +The following numbers refer to true cups: + +321-345. 321, (40058); 322, (40615); 323, (40616), Fig. 408; 324, + (40617); 325, (40618); 326, (40619); 327, (40620); 328, (40621), Fig. + 409; 329, (40622); 330, (40623); 331, (40624); 332, (40625); 333, + (40627); 334, (40638); 335, (40639); 336, (40640); 337, (40641); 338, + (40643); 339, (40644); 340, (40837); 341, (40847); 342, (40848); 343, + (40880)--this is an unusually large cup and although having a handle + may have been used as a bowl; 344, (40998); 345, (41148), an unburnt + specimen. + +The following are without handles and are either small bowls or paint +cups: + +346-355. 346, (40426); 347, (40436); 348, (40458); 349, (40642); 350, + (40853), a small bowl-shaped cup, _s[-u]t-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_; 351, + (40994); 352, (40995); 353, (40996); 354, (40997); 355, (41000). + + [Illustration: + Fig. 398 (40886) + Fig. 399 (39928) + Fig. 400 (40078) + Fig. 401 (40486) + Fig. 402 (40103) + Figs. 398-402.--ZUNI POTTERY.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 403 (39918) (1/4) + Fig. 404 (40840) (1/4) + Fig. 405 (40892) (1/3) + Fig. 406 (41005) (1/4) + Figs. 403-406.--Zuni Water Pitchers.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 407 (41136) (1/3) + Fig. 408 (40616) (1/3) + Fig. 409 (40621) (1/3) + Fig. 410 (39962) (1/4) + Fig. 411 (40266) (1/4) + Fig. 412 (40285) (1/4) + Figs. 407-412.--Zuni Water Pitcher, Cups, and Eating Bowls.] + +_EATING BOWLS._ + +The smaller forms are called _s[-a]t-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. + +356. (39962). Fig. 410. The ornamentation is typical of a variety very + common on Zuni bowls. The design on the outer surface is more constant + than that on the inner, in which the figures of animals, especially + the elk, are sometimes introduced. The distinguishing feature of this + type is the zigzag line on the inner margin. + +The following numbers belong to the same type: + +357-378. 357, (39746); 358, (39973); 359, (39975); 360, (39981); 361, + (39984); 362, (39988); 363, (39989); 364, (39991); 365, (39993); 366, + (39994); 367, (39997); 368, (39999); 369, (40004), duplicate of Fig. + 411; 370, (40005); 371, (40231); 372, (40234); 373, (40236); 374, + (40239); 375, (40246); 376, (40249); 377, (40250); 378, (40259). + +379-396. 379, (40260); 380, (40266), shown in Fig. 411; 381, (40274); + 382, (40285), shown in Fig. 412; 383, (40504); 384, (40512); 385, + (40513); 386, (40516); 387, (40517); 388, (40519); 389, (40522); 390, + (40527); 391, (40530); 392, (40541); 393, (40546); 394, (40528); 395, + (40203); 396, (40211). + +397. (39951). Decorated, on the inner margin only, with triangles. + +398. (39952). Similar to that shown in Fig. 411, except that the inner + marginal line is scalloped. + +The following numbers may be classed in the same group: + +399, 400. 399, (40205); 400, (40210). + +401. (40521). Similar to No. 397, except that it has the interior below + the marginal line decorated with scrolls. + +402. (39902). Decorated on the inner surface only, with the usual + scrolls; marginal band simply a narrow line or entirely wanting. + +The following belong to the same type: + +403-417. 403, (39960); 404, (40002); 405, (40006); 406, (40232); 407, + (40233); 408, (40237); 409, (40263); 410, (40268); 411, (40284), in + this small specimen there are but few figures; 412, (40503); 413, + (40505); 414, (40520); 415, (40524); 416, (40981); 417, (40987). + +418. (40906). The decorations of this piece belong to a variety which is + readily distinguished by the broad checkered band on the inner margin. + +There are two sub-varieties, one with and one without figures on the +external surface. This and the following specimens belong to the latter +group: + +419, 420. 419, (40533); 420, (39890). + +421. (40001). This belongs to the former group, as represented by Fig. + 412. + +422. (39898). External decorations as in Fig. 410, except that the lower + margin of the oblique line is furnished with scrolls as in Fig. 375, + inner surface with leaves, and a zigzag marginal line. + +423. (39908). This and the following thirty-one specimens have the + external surface ornamented as in Fig. 410, the decorations of the + inner surface varying and differing from those already enumerated. In + this the marginal line is simple. + +424. (39909). Marginal line scalloped; central rosette of simple lines. + +425. (39963). Zigzags in irregular lines, no marginal band; form + semi-globular. + +426. (39963). Triangles and scrolls; somewhat mug-shaped. + +427. (39972). Usual form; decorations as in the preceding. + +428. (39975). Ornamentation as represented in Fig. 422. + +429. (39976). Double scrolls; no marginal bands. + +430. (40000). Margin as in Fig. 422; no other inner decorations. + +431. (40204). Scroll figures; no marginal band; form hemispherical. + +432. (40216). Similar to Fig. 423, as are also the following specimens: + +433-443. 433, (40218); 434, (40223); 435, (40238); 436, (40240); 437, + (40284); 438, (40286); 439, (40501); 440, (40506); 441, (40507); 442, + (40510); 443, (40514); the inner decorations of this piece vary in + having the figures of the elk below the marginal band. + +444-447. 444, (40515); 445, (40547); 446, (40985); 447, (40217). Zigzag + marginal band; no other inner decorations. + +448. (40241). Marginal band double, upper line undulate, lower, straight + with star points. + +449. (40245). Marginal band composed of rows of stars, as in Fig. 414. + +450. (40251). Only the inner decorations consist of radiating serrate + lines. + +451. (40258). Similar to that shown in Fig. 424. + +452. (40273). Inner decorations apparently intended as floral; marginal + line very slender. + +453. (40275). Inner figures; radiating scrolls. + +454. (40287). Similar to No. 453. + +455. (40558). Inner figures in the form of blocks or tiles; marginal + band undulating. + +456. (40549). Inner decorations consist of two narrow crenate bands, one + marginal and the other just below it. + +457. (39891). This and the following thirty-nine specimens are without + external ornamentation. In this one the inner figures are radiating + scrolls, and birds. + +458. (39892). Slender marginal scalloped band only. + +459. (39893). Serrate marginal band only. + +460. (39953). Similar to Fig. 424. + +461. (39954). Birds with wings spread, and scrolls. + +462. (39958). Differs from the usual form in having the margin + undulating. The inner decorations consist chiefly of combinations of + triangles. Similar to + +463. (39971). Similar to the preceding. + +464. (39959). Scrolls and triangles. + +465. (39960). Scrolls and leaves. + +466. (39961). Oblique serrate lines. + +467. (39986). Broad net-work, marginal band, as seen in Fig. 414; form + unusual, being constricted near the base. + +468. (39992). Marginal band composed of sigmoid figures. + +469. (39996). Very small; central diameter with rays from the points; + the marginal band is simply a narrow line. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 413 (40041) (1/4) + Fig. 414 (40033) [illegible fraction] + Fig. 415 (40164) (1/4) + Figs. 413-415.--Zuni Eating Bowls.] + +470. (40209). Ornamental marginal band only. + +471. (40212). Scalloped marginal band, and central rosette or flower. + +472. (40224). Scalloped marginal band, and figures of deer. + +473. (40225). Zigzag band and the usual scroll figures. + +474. (40229). Two slender bands, and central radiating scrolls. + +475. (40242). Zigzag marginal line only. + +476. (40248). Narrow scalloped marginal band; no other figures. + +477. (40252). Zigzag band and floral decorations. + +478. (40253). No marginal band; oblique triple and dotted lines. + +479. (40265). Serrate marginal band and central rosette. + +480. (40270). No band except a simple line bounding the central figure + of radiating leaves. + +481. (40272). Three plain bands. + +482. (40481). Broad marginal band in figures arranged in square blocks. + +483. (40485). Very small; marginal net-work band, central floral figure. + +484. (40490). Similar to the preceding. + +485. (40489). Plain marginal band; central floral figures. + +486. (40492). Zigzag marginal band as in Fig. 425. + +487. (40498). Marginal band as in Fig. 414. + +488. (40499). Scalloped marginal band. + +489. (40508). Zigzag band and floral decorations. + +490. (40511). Marginal band composed of lines of stars. + +491. (40530). Similar to No. 486, having also a central figure. + +492. (40536). Marginal band of scrolls and triangles. + +493. (40537). Net-work marginal band. + +494. (40539). Scalloped band and central figure of twigs and leaves; + unusually chaste design. + +495. (40542). Like No. 467. + +496. (40545). Scalloped marginal band. + +497. (39967). Do. + +498. (39965). Zigzag inner marginal band; figures of the elk externally + and internally. + +499. (39966). External and internal zigzag marginal band. + +500. (39969). No external decorations; marked internally with oblique + lines, no band. + +501. (39970). Scroll figures on the inner surface; on the outer, + triangles pointing in opposite directions; no bands. + +502. (39977). Dish-like, undulate, external and internal marginal band. + +503. (39978). Inner band of crosses, and central figure, outer serrate + marginal band. + +504. (39982). } +505. (39983). } + Decorations same as those represented in Fig. 414, with a wide, + latticed, marginal band on the inner side of the bowl. + +506. (39985). Both surfaces decorated with scroll figures. + +507. (39987). Inner surface with scroll figures, outer with but a + marginal scalloped band. + +508. (39990). Both surfaces marked with oblique serrate Hues; unusually + flaring. + +509. (39998). Inner surface with reversed elks; outer with oblique + lines, with each side serrate. + +510. (40007). Inner surface with serrate band and birds; outer with + serrate band. + +511. (40213). Elk and scrolls internally; an outer scalloped band. + +512. (40215). Resembles No. 501. + +513. (40219). The decorations on this bowl are unusual; those of the + inner surface consist of a slender crenate marginal band, and below + this a woman holding a child and apparently closely wrapped in a robe + of some kind and placed transversely; the outer margin is marked with + a broad band of crosses regularly spaced by perpendicular lines. + +The following numbers belong to the type represented in Figs. 356, 411, +and 412: + +514-520. 514, (39979); 515, (40220); 516, (40221); 517, (40243); 518, + (40274); 519, (40493); 520, (40523), inner marginal band consists of + scrolls and triangles. + +521. (40227). Inner marginal band broad and divided into diamond spaces; + outer surface ornamented with figures similar to those on vase + represented by Fig. 372. + +522. (40230). Although classed with the bowls this is shaped somewhat + like the paint pots; outer and inner bands. + +523. (40247). Resembles No. 504. + +524. (40254). Two broad undulate lines on the external surface; inner + surface with blocks and scrolls. + +525. (40256). Inside with crenate marginal lines, and circular space and + triangles as in Fig. 359. External surface with a simple scalloped + band. + +526. (40264). External surface as in the preceding; internal scrolls and + triangles. + +527-533. 527, (40267); 528, (40269); 529, (40487); 530, (40495); 531, + (40509); 532, (40529); 533, (40531). The decorations on these + specimens belong to the same general type as those of No. 526. + +534. (40271). Mug-shaped with flat bottom; outer surface marked with + five scalloped bands; inner with scrolls. + +535. (40279). Outer surface with triangular figures; inner with a + scalloped marginal band and a similar band below. + +536. (40482). Similar in form to No. 534. Outer and inner decorations + consist almost entirely of triangles. + +537. (40483). Without bands; interior, scrolls; exterior, geometrical + figures. + +538. (40488). This belongs to the type represented by Fig. 411; rosette + on the inner surface. + +539. (40491). Similar in form and decorations to No. 534. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 416 (40296) (1/4) + Fig. 417 (40493) (1/4) + Fig. 418 (40176) (1/4) + Figs. 416-418.--Zuni Eating Bowl.] + +540. (40496). Form like the preceding; inner face decorated with stars; + outer with the usual triangular figures. + +541. (40497). Flat, finger-bowl shaped, single scalloped band + externally; scrolls and circular figures internally. + +542. (40502). Double band of triangles externally; internally zigzag + lines precisely like those in Fig. 371. + +543. (40538). Inner serrate marginal band and radiating scrolls; no + external decorations. + +544. (40540). Central flower internally; a single serrate band + externally. + +545. (40980). Pan-shaped; inner surface marked with geometrical figures; + outer without decorations. + +546, 547. 546, (40988); 547, (40993). Without external ornamentation, +marked with zigzag inner marginal line, central scroll, and triangular +devices. + +548. (40991). Oblique serrate lines externally; zigzag inner marginal + line. + +549. (40992). No external decorations; inner marginal line crenate; + central flower. + +Brown, red, or yellow ware. Usually without ornamentation. + +550. (39907). Small rosettes or flowers on inner surface. + +The following numbers are without ornamentation of any kind: + +551-572. 551, (39968); 552, (40003); 553, (40207); 554, (40214); 555, + (40226); 556, (40235); 557, (40244); 558, (40257); 559, (40276); 560, + (40277); 561, (40278); 562, (40280); 563, (40281); 564, (40494); 565, + (40526); 566, (40528); 567, (40534); 568, (40543); 569, (40544); 570, + (40982); 571, (40984); 572, (40989). + +The following have slight decorations; wherever the band is mentioned it +is to be understood as marginal unless otherwise specified: + +573. (39974). Narrow external band. + +574. (39981). Floral figure on inner surface. + +575. (39995). Triangles externally; narrow sub-marginal band internally. + +576. (40206). Outline leaf-like figures on inner face. + +577. (40222). Inner crenate band and cross lines. + +578. (40229). Slender bands and scrolls. + +579. (40288). Inner band of geometrical figures. + +580. (40550). With slender outer band. + +581. (40980). Inner zigzag band and triangular figures. + +582. (40983). Inner central white flower. + +583. (40990). Inner band of scrolls. + +The larger forms, following, are called _[-I]'-t[)o]n-[ae]-ka-sah-le_. + +584. (40041). Represented in Fig. 413. The broad checkered band on the + inner margin forms the distinguishing characteristic. The following + are similarly decorated: + +585, 586. 585, (40010); 586, (40167). + +587. (40033). As closely resembling the preceding, I introduce here a + variety with a latticed marginal band shown in Fig. 414. + +The following specimens belong to the same variety, the chief +differences, being the inner central figures: + +588. (40164). Fig. 415. + +589. (40177). Do. + +590. (40181). This specimen has no ornamentation except the band. + +591. (40296). Fig. 416. This varies in having the figures of birds with + wings spread and of elks on the inner surface below the marginal line. + These are but partially shown in the figure. + +592, 593. 592, (40965) and 593 (40955) belong to the same variety, but + their inner decorations resemble more closely those represented in + Fig. 415. + +594. (40493). Fig. 417. The decorations on this piece belong to the very + common variety shown in Figs. 356, 411, and 412. + +595-600. To this type belong the following numbers: 595, (40008); 596, + (40009); 597, (40012); 598, (40013); 599, (40020); 600, (40021), this + varies in having no ornamentation on the outer surface. + +601-608. 601, (40176), shown in Fig. 418; 602, (40031); 603, (40038); + 604, (40043); 605, (40046); 606, (40047); 607, (40050); 608, (40052) + +609-628. 609, (40151); 610, (40152); 611, (40163); 612, (40168); 613, + (40170); 614, (40171); 615, (40175); 616, (40185); 617, (40186); 618, + (40188); 619, (40189), Fig. 419; 620, (40191); 621, (40193); 622, + (40194); 623, (40195); 624, (40196); 625, (40197); 626, (40199); 627, + (40200); 628, (40293), this piece is properly a bread bowl, + _M[-o]'-tsin-i-k[-a]-s[ae]-le_. + +629-638. 629, (40295); 630, (40297); 631, (40298); 632, (40310); 633, + (40305); 634, (40306); 635, (40308); 636, (40309); 637, (40930); 638, + (40931), shown in Fig. 420. I would call attention here to the strong + similarity of the inner decorations of this bowl with those on the + body of the vase represented in Fig. 359. This is properly a bread + bowl. + +639-646. 639, (40938); 640, (40957); 641, (40958); 642, (40967); 643, + (40971); 644, (40974); 645, (40975); 646, (41171), Fig. 421. + +The following specimens have the same external decorations as those +represented in Figs. 413-421, but differ in regard to the figures on the +inner surface. + +647. (40014). Fig. 422. The cut fails to show the figures of the elk + placed among the scroll ornaments. + +648, 649. 648, (40023); 649, (40026). + +650-658. 650, (40028), shown in Fig. 423; 651, (40035); 652, (40042); + 653, (40045); 654, (40049); 655, (40051), these two are bread bowls; + 656, (40153); 657, (40156); 658, (40178). + +659-663. 659, (40183); 660, (40198); 661, (40202); 662, (40927), Fig. + 424; and 663, (40932), Fig. 425. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 419 (40189) (1/4) + Fig. 420 (40931) (1/5) + Fig. 421 (41171) (1/5) + Figs. 419-421.--Zuni Eating Bowls.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 422 (40014) (1/4) + Fig. 423 (40028) (1/4) + Fig. 424 (40927) (1/5) + Figs. 422-424.--Zuni Eating Bowls.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 425 (40932) (1/4) + Fig. 426 (40179) (1/4) + Fig. 427 (40290) (1/4) + Figs. 425-427.--Zuni Eating Bowls.] + +664-669. 664, (40951); 665, (40952); 666, (40960); 667, (40976); 668, + (40977); and 669, (40016), may be grouped together, as strongly + resembling each other in regard to their inner decorations. + +670. (40027). Inner marginal band with diamond spaces and colored + triangles, scrolls, and small rosettes or flowers below. + +671. (40030). No inner band; geometrical figures. + +672. (40035). Narrow simple marginal band; elk and scrolls. + +673. (40179), Fig. 426. Each of the following specimens has a similar + marginal band, but the inner central figures differ. + +674-682. 674, (40037); 675, (40044); 676, (40187); 677, (40300); 678, + (40937); 679, (40966); 680, (40969); 681, (40973); 682, (40040). + Patch-work figures, resembling pieces of broken pottery. + +683. (40157). Somewhat like Fig. 424, the perpendicular lines of the + band being doubly scalloped. + +684. (40169). Marginal band a vine with leaves and flowers; central + figures similar to those on vase shown in Fig. 371. + +685. (40182). No inner band; scroll figures. + +686. (40190). No inner band; elks and geometrical figures. + +687. (40201). Marginal band with triple lines similar to those in Fig. + 424. + +688. (40290). Shown in Fig. 427. + +689. (40292). Marginal band similar to that on Fig. 427; scroll figures + in central portion. + +690. (40294). Fig. 430. In this the outer decoration varies in having + the elongate triangle or lance point double, and the inner in having + the figure of a mule or donkey. + +691. (40304). No marginal band; scroll figures. + +692. (40302). Fig. 429. + +693. (40486). A broad bowl; inner marginal band, the upper portion of + which has a line of diamond spaces. The under side of the oblique line + on the outer surface is bordered with scrolls as in Fig. 375. This is + a very large specimen, being eighteen inches in diameter. See Fig. + 401. + +694. (40928). Inner surface marked with geometrical figures. + +695. (40970). No figures on the inner surface. + +696. (40972). Inner decorations as in Fig. 419. + +697. (40017). No outer decorations; inner surface with marginal band and + large white cross; remainder brown. + +698. (40015). Outer and inner faces marked with triangles and slender + leaves. + +699. (40024). Outer scalloped band, scroll figures internally. + +700. (40022). Outer surface with scalloped band and large oblique + diamonds; inner with double scalloped band and scrolls. + +701, 702. 701, (40158); 702, (40159). Outer face without decorations; +inner with large vermiform figures. + +703. (40166). Both faces with oblique lines of scrolls. + +704. (40192). Stems and leaves externally and internally. + +705. (40195), Interior decorations profuse; scrolls, and diamond-shaped + figures. + +706. (40934). Four scalloped bands on outer face; scroll figures on + inner surface. + +707. (40935). No outer decorations; inside marked with a marginal band + of dots and lines; central scrolls. + +708. (40939). Both surfaces with geometrical figures. + +709. (40950). Marked externally with double lance points; internally + with scrolls. + +710. (39954). Shown in Fig. 428. Here we see the head of the grotesque + bird reduced to a simple scroll. + +Brown or yellow ware. Decorations in black or red, without external +ornamentation unless otherwise stated. + +711-713. 711, (40011); 712. (40936); 713, (40962). Four large leaves + forming a cross. + +714. (40018). Broad external band of horizontal and oblique dotted + lines. No figures on the inner surface. + +715. (40032). External scalloped band; reversed pyramids or pueblos + internally. + +716. (40039). Broad marginal band of half pyramids, alternately + reversed. + +717. (40048). White vermiform figures. + +718, 719. 718, (40154); 719, (40184). These are similarly marked, the +margin in both being also white. + +The following specimens are without decorations of any kind: + +720-733. 720, (40019); 721, (40036); 722, (40160); 723, (40162); 724, + (40165); 725, (40180); 726, (40307); 727, (40929); 728, (40953); 729, + (40954); 730, (40959); 731, (40962); 732, (40963); 733, (40968). + +734. (40155). Patch-work. + +735. (40172). Four serrate or scalloped bands on outer face. Similar + inner marginal band in outline; and outline pyramidal figures. + +736. (40174). Outline pyramidal figures. + +737-739. 737, (40173); 738, (40289); 739, (40964). Marginal band of + double outline scrolls. + +740. (39618). Brown ware with decorations in black. Colored Fig. 380. + +741. (39592). Brown ware with decorations in black. Colored Fig. 382. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 428 (39954) (1/3) + Fig. 429 (40302) (1/4) + Fig. 430 (40294) (1/5) + Figs. 428-430.--Zuni Eating Bowls.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 431 (41135) (1/3) + Fig. 432 (41053) (1/4) + Fig. 433 (41114) (1/6) + Fig. 434 (41092) (1/3) + Fig. 435 (40865) (1/3) + Fig. 436 (41113) (1/7) + Figs. 431-436.--Zuni Cooking Vessels.] + +_COOKING VESSELS._ + +These vessels are generally of medium size, though in some instances the +dimensions vary exceedingly. Those used in cooking for feasts are quite +large, sometimes with a capacity of about ten gallons; the smallest, +designed only for family use, are less than four inches in diameter and +not quite three inches high. They are of two general forms, one similar +to the ordinary pots used on cooking stoves, the other bowl-shaped. Two +specimens in the collection are provided with legs; to these the Zunians +apply the name _s[ae]-m[-u] y[)e]n-s[ae]-qui-p[ae]_. See Fig. 432. As a +general rule, the rims of these vessels are flared, and on some of them, +close to the rim on the outside, are ear-like projections, which are +probably intended as catches by which, with pokers or sticks, they can +be removed from or arranged in position on the fire. They are never +ornamented, and have no coloring other than that which is acquired in +baking. These vessels are used in cooking such foods as contain liquids. +Three names are applied to cooking pots, having reference to size, +viz.: _p[ae]h-t[-e]h-le_ is the large cylindrical pot; the smaller +pot of the same form is _p[ae]h-t[-e]hl-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_; and +_w[-a]h-li-[ae]h-k[ae]-t[-e]hl-le_ is the common cooking pot. The +Olla or bowl-shaped pot, Fig. 433, is called _s[ae]-m[-u]-y[-e]n_. + +The following numbers belong to the _p[ae]h-t[-e]hl-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_ group +and present no variations worthy of special notice. + +742, 743. 742, (41113). Fig. 436; 743, (41114), Fig. 433. These +illustrations represent a form and have the appearance of the so-called +ancient ware; the latter specimen bears the impress of the grass which +was produced in the baking process. + +744. (40865). Fig. 435. Cooking pot. + +The following numbers represent specimens of cooking pots of varying +sizes, though generally small and of the form of No. 744, though some +few present the appearance of bowls: + +745-766. 745, (41115); 746, (41116); 747, (41117); 748, (41118); 749, + (41119); 750, (41120); 751, (41121); 752, (41122); 753, (41123); 754, + (41124); 755, (41125); 756, (41126); 757, (41127); 758, (41128); 759, + (41129); 760, (41130); 761, (41131); 762, (41132); 763, (41137); 764, + (41138); 765, (41140); 766, (41141). + +The following belong to the _s[ae]-m[-u]-y[)e]n_ bowls: + +767-804. 767, (41055); 768, (41056); 769, (41057); 770, (41058); 771, + (41059); 772, (41060); 773, (41061); 774, (41062); 775, (41063); 776, + (41064); 777, (41065); 778, (41066); 779, (41067); 780, (41068); 781, + (41069); 782, (41070); 783, (41071); 784, (41072); 785, (41073); 786, + (41074); 787, (41075); 788, (41076); 789, (41077); 790, (41078); 791, + (41079); 792, (41080); 793, (41081); 794, (41082); 795, (41083); 796, + (41084); 797, (41085); 798, (41086); 799, (41087); 800, (41088); 801, + (41089); 802, (41090); 803, (41091); 804, (41092), shown in Fig. 434. + +805-826. 805, (41093); 806, (41094); 807, (41095); 808, (41096); 809, + (41097); 810, (41098); 811, (41099); 812, (41100); 813, (41101); 814, + (41102); 815, (41103); 816, (41104); 817, (41106); 818, (41107); 819, + (41108); 820, (41109); 821, (41110); 822, (41111); 823, (41112); 824, + (41133); 825, (41139); 826, (41143). This is an unburnt specimen of + unusual form, resembling in this respect a sugar bowl, its margin and + sides undulated. + +827, 828. 827, (40853), bowl-shaped with conical bottom; 828, (41053), +Fig. 432, pot-shaped, but with four legs. + +829, 830. 829, (41134); 830, (41135), are really pitchers, as will be +seen by reference to Fig. 431, which represents the latter, but they +appear to be made for cooking purposes, as they are designated by the +name _s[ae]-m[-u]-y[)e]n_. + +_LADLES._ + +Called by the Zunians _sa-sho-k[)o]n-ne_. These are of two forms, one +resembling somewhat an oyster-shell, the other with a handle resembling +a spoon. The forms and decorations are shown in the figures. They are of +white ware usually with figures on the inner surface, and of red ware +without ornamentation. They vary in size from eight inches in length and +five inches across the bowl to four and a half and two and a half +inches. + +831-839. 831, (39884); 832, (39894), Fig. 438; 833, (40430); 834, + (40431); 835, (40432), flower in the bowl; 836, (40433); 837, (40460); + 838, (40461); 839, (41254). With handles. + +840-841. 840, (39895); 841, (39896), figures of elks in the bowl. + Without handles. + +842. (39929). + +843, 844. 843, (40408) scrolls; 844, (40417), Fig. 440. + +845, 846. 845, (40418); 846, (40419), this has a pretty marginal band, +and the figure of a slender bird in the bowl. + +847-851. 847, (40420); 848, (40421); 849, (40422), Fig. 439; 450, + (40423); 451, (40424), resembles Fig. 440. + +852-868. 852, (40425); 853, (40427); 854, (40428); 855, (40429); 856, + (40434); 857, (40435); 858, (40437); 859, (40438); 860, (40439); 861, + (40441); 862, (40442); 863, (40459); 864, (40462); 865, (40463); 866, + (40675); 867, (40677); 868, (40678), Fig. 441. + +869, 870. 869, (40679); 870, (40875), Fig. 437. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 437 (40875) (1/2) + Fig. 438 (39894) (1/3) + Fig. 439 (40422) (1/3) + Fig. 440 (40417) (1/3) + Fig. 441 (40678) (1/3) + Figs. 437-441.--Zuni Ladles.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 442 (39971) (1/4) + Fig. 443 (40075) (1/3) + Fig. 444 (40400) (1/3) + Fig. 445 (40371) (1/3) + Fig. 446 (40377) (1/3) + Fig. 447 (40372) (1/3) + Figs. 442-447.--Zuni Clay Baskets.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 448 (40359) (1/3) + Fig. 449 (41019) (1/3) + Fig. 450 (40356) (1/4) + Fig. 451 (40355) (1/3) + Fig. 452 (40354) (1/3) + Fig. 453 (40379) (1/3) + Figs. 448-453.--Zuni Clay Baskets.] + +_BASKETS._ + +Called by the Zunians, _[-a]h-w[-e]hl-wi-[-a]h-p[ae]-s[-a]hl_. These +vessels, which vary in size from four to eight inches in diameter and +from two to five in depth, are in the form of bowls, sometimes with a +handle over the top like a basket handle, sometimes without. The margin +is either scalloped, as in Fig. 452, or terraced so as to resemble the +section of a pyramid or pueblo, being cut in this form with a horse-hair +while soft. They are always of white ware decorated with black. The +margin is uniformly black, and there is often an inner and outer +submarginal narrow band following the undulations or terraces. The +figures most common, and in fact almost exclusively used, are those +resembling tadpoles, but which, as I learned, are intended to represent +a small crustacean or the larva of an insect common in the water-pools +and streams of the Zuni country; and the somewhat grotesque figures of +the horned toad (_Phrynosoma_). These figures are placed both on the +outer and inner surfaces, though the figure of the reptile is generally +found on the outer. + +These singular vessels are used by the Indians only in their sacred and +ceremonial dances. In them is placed a small quantity of meal; they are +then borne in the hands of the women, who, during the dance, take a +small quantity of the meal, just as much as they can hold between the +tips of the fingers, and sprinkle it on the sacred objects and on the +heads of the persons leading in the ceremonies. + +As the forms and decorations are correctly shown in the figures, I shall +only notice those which are unusual. + +Without handles; margin scalloped: + +871-873. 871, (40074); 872, (40075), Fig. 443; 873, (40400), Fig. 444. + +Without handles; margin terraced: + +874. (40337). Figures of insects on outer surface. + +875-881. 875, (40344); 876, (40364); 877, (40367); 878, (40368); 879, + (40369); 880, (40370); 881, (40371), Fig. 445. + +882-899. 882, (40372), Fig. 447; 883, (40373); 884, (40374); 885, + (40375); 886, (40376); 887, (40377), Fig. 446; 888, (40378); 889, + (40380); 890, (40381); 891, (40382); 892, (40383); 893, (40384); 894, + (40385); 895, (40392); 896, (40393); 897, (40394); 898, (40396); 899, + (40803), this specimen, which is but slightly burnt, is more globular + in form than usual, and has mounted on each pyramid a small image, + one human, one of a dog or fox, one of a chicken, and the other + probably intended for a bird. This is really not a meal basket, + but is carried in the dance for rain, and bears the name + _tkh[ae]-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_. + +900-902. 900, (41014); 901, (41015), this has in the place of the + reptile the figure of a bird; 902, (41018). + +903. (39971). Fig. 442. A Zuni clay basket without handles; the form of + the margin and inner decorations are unusual, and on this account and + the fact that the little water animal does not appear on it, it is + probably from some other tribe, though obtained at Zuni. + +904. (40354). Fig. 452. With handles; margin scalloped. The decorations + on this basket are unusual. The chief figure and the most interesting + one on this entire group of pottery is that of a snake encircling the + body of the basket; on the head of which is a feather crest. + +905. (41019). Fig. 449. A Zuni dance basket, one of the most complete in + form and decoration in the collection. + +906-909. 906, (40356), Fig. 450; 907, (40390); 908, (40391); 909, + (40806). This is more cup shaped than usual, and is ornamented + with the geometrical figures common on bowls. It belongs to + a distinct class of sacred vessels to which the name + _tkh[ae]-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_ is applied. + +910-913. 910, (40336); 911, (40353); 912, (40355), Fig. 451; 913, + (40357), varies in having the head of a bird. With handles; margins + terraced. + +914-922. 914, (40358); 915, (40360); 916, (40361); 917, (40362); + 918, (40365); 919, (40366); 920, (40359), Fig. 448; 921, (40379), + Fig. 453; 922, (40386). This and the three following specimens + are small baskets called by the Zunians + _[-a]h'-w[-e]hl-wi-[-a]h-p[ae]-s[-a]hl-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. + +923-928. 923, (40387); 924, (40388); 925, (40389); 926, (40395). This + and the two following bear the same figures as observed on Fig. 452. + 927, (40397); 928, (40398). + +929. (40399). This basket is ornamented with the conventional little + water animal, inside and out; it also presents the head and tail of a + snake, the body of which encircles the base of the basket. The head of + the snake is decorated with a crest and a horn-like projection + immediately before the eyes. The tongue and teeth are also represented + in colors on the specimen. The rim is serrated and painted black with + a small line conforming to the black band immediately under it. + +930. (41016). Is without a handle, but noticeable for the representation + of a bird, on each side of which are two of the little water animals. + +931. (41017). Basket without handle and four pyramids with serrated + edges, and representation of horned toad on sides. + +932. (41019). Basket with handle, large toad on each side, and a + dragonfly on each side of the toad. + +_PAINT CUPS._ + +These are always small, but vary in size from one and a half to three +inches in height. They are usually in the form of water vases or +globular jars, though sometimes of a true cup shape, and occasionally +cubical. They are generally single, but quite often double, and +occasionally triple and quadruple. To the large-sized single ones the +Zunians apply the name of _h[)e]l-i-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_; and to +those of smaller sizes, _h[)e]l-i-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. +They are usually without handles, but sometimes these are present. The +double ones are connected only by a bar extending from the body of one +to that of the other; and the triple and quadruple ones in a similar +manner. They are of red and white ware like the other pottery; the +decorations on the white are similar to those already described, so far +as they can be adapted to these small articles. + +We shall give the numbers without remarks, except to note unusual forms +and figures. + +Single cups: + +933-938. 933, (39881); 934, (39888); 935, (39938); 936, (39939); 937, + (39944); 938, (39945); with figures of the little aquatic animal so + frequently represented on the earthenware baskets used in rain dances. + +939-942. 939, (39949); 940, (40036); 941, (40111); 942, (40112); square, + box-shaped, of brown ware and very rude. + +943-946. 943, (40323); 944, (40324); 945, (40325); 946, (40326); with + terraced margin like that so common in baskets used in the sacred + dances. + +947-952. 947, (40327); 948, (40328); 949, (40329); 950, (40330); 951, + (40331); 952, (40332). With meander band of simplest form. + +953-961. 953, (40333), terraced margin; 954, (40334); 955, (40335); 956, + (40338); 957, (40339); 958, (40340); 959, (40341), true cup with + looped handles; 960, (40342); 961, (40343), with straight cylindrical + handle. + +962-968. 962, (40345); 863, (40346); 964, (40347); 965, (40348), form of + the ordinary glass tumbler; 966, (40349); 967, (40352); 968, (40587). + Mug-shaped, with broad, horizontal rim. + +969-974. 969, (40588); 970, (40589); 971, (40590); 972, (40591); 973, + (40592); 974, (40593). With simple meander band. + +975. (40594). The artist has evidently attempted to figure on this the + true meander (Greek fret), but has failed. + +976. (40595). Marked with the grotesque horned toad so common on the + earthenware baskets. + +977-979. 977, (40596); 978, (40597); 979, (40598). Spherical in form, + decorated with figures of the grotesque bird heretofore mentioned. + +980-983. 980, (40599), bowl-shaped; 981, (40645); 982, (40647); 983, + (40648). Bird with a scroll arising out of its back. + +984-994. 984, (40649); 985, (40650); 986, (40651); 987, (40684); 988, + (40826); 989, (40828), Fig. 455; 990, (40829); 991, (40830); 992, + (39768); 993, (39982); 994, (39983). + +Double cups (_h[)e]l-i-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-i-p[ae]-chin_). The little +water animal is a common figure on these. + +995-998. 995, (39931); 996, (39932), Fig. 454; 997, (39948); 998, + (40350). This has the connecting bar arched so as to form a handle. + +999-1004. 999, (40351); 1000, (40433); 1001, (40444); 1002, (40445); + 1003, (40447); 1004, (40349). The last five are plain. + +1005-1007. 1005, (40448); 1006, (40449); 1007, (40450). With scalloped + margin, double bars, the upper one arched; grotesque figures of horned + toad. + +1008-1017. 1008, (40451); 1009, (40452); 1010, (40454); 1011, (40455); + 1012, (40456); 1013, (40457); 1014, (40610), double bar or bar and + handle; 1015, (40681), Fig. 456; 1016, (40682); 1017, (40854), square, + without bar. + +Triple cups: + +1018-1023. 1018, (40605); 1019, (40606); 1020, (40609); 1021, (40680); + 1022, (40693); 1023, (40856). + +Quadruple cups, to which is applied the same Zuni name as that given to +those provided with triple and quadruple cups. + +1024, 1025. 1024, (40612), Fig. 457; 1025, (40613). Brown, square, +united directly at the sides without bars. + +1026-1029. 1026, (40652); 1027, (40855); 1028, (40856), square; 1029, + (40859), square. + +_CONDIMENT CUPS._ + +These are similar in form and decorations to the paint cups, and are +also round and square, single, double, and quadruple. They are usually +small, holding from less than half a pint to a pint. The different names +applied to them will be given as they are reached in the list. The +double and quadruple ones are connected together in the same manner as +the multiple paint-pots, + +Single cups: + +1030. (39878). Square with figures of chickens on the sides. + +_M[-a]-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_ is the name by which the round or +vase-shaped vessels are designated. They are numbered as follows: + +1031. (39905). Fig. 459. The figures on this specimen appear to be + intended as representations of some neuropterous insect, but possibly + they represent birds. + +1032-1037. 1032, (40653); 1033, (40654); 1034, (40655); 1035, (40656); + 1036, (40657); 1037, (40658). Some of these appear, from the fragments + of bars attached to them, to have belonged to double specimens. + +1038, 1039. 1038, (40633); 1039, (40832). These two are red ware. + +1040-1049. 1040, (40833); 1041, (40834); 1042, (40835); 1043, (41006); + 1044, (41007); 1045, (41008), Fig. 458; 1046, (41170); 1047, (40603); + 1048, (40606); and 1049, (40664), are square. + +Double cups: + +The round form has the same name as the single salt cup, but the square +pattern is named _M[-a]'-p[-o]-k[-a]-thl[-e]-l[-o]-ne_. The following +specimens belong to the latter class: + +1050-1057. 1050, (39900); 1051, (39901); 1052, (40416); 1053, (40604); + 1054, (40662); brown 1055, (40683); 1056, (40831); 1057, (40661). + +1058-1068. The following are round: 1058, (40410); 1059, (40411); 1060, + (40412); 1061, (40413); 1062, (40414); 1063, (40415); 1064, (40440); + 1065, (40659); 1066, (40660); 1067, (40666); 1068, (40667). + +1069. (40836). Quadruple. This and the last three preceding specimens + are ornamented like Fig. 458. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 454 (39932) (1/3) + Fig. 455 (40828) (1/3) + Fig. 456 (40681) (1/2) + Fig. 457 (40612) (1/2) + Fig. 458 (41008) (1/3) + Fig. 459 (39905) (1/3) + Figs. 454-459.--Zuni Paint and Condiment Cups.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 460 (40059) (1/3) + Fig. 461 (40140) (1/3) + Figs. 460, 461.--Zuni Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 462 (40740) (1/4) + Fig. 463 (40738) (1/4) + Figs. 462, 463.--Zuni Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 464 (40739) (1/4) + Fig. 465 (40066) (1/3) + Fig. 466 (40743) (1/3) + Fig. 467 (40754) (1/4) + Figs. 464-467.--Zuni Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 468 (40748) (1/4) + Fig. 469 (40767) (1/2) + Figs. 468, 469.--Zuni Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 470 (41026) (1/3) + Fig. 471 (39910) (1/3) + Figs. 470, 471.--Zuni Effigies.] + +_EFFIGIES._ + +These figures, which are of small size, the largest not exceeding one +foot in length, are quite rude, rendering it difficult in some cases to +tell what animal is intended, the only exceptions to this rule being +some figures of owls, in which the Zunians appear to have made the +nearest approach to the true form. They are generally of white ware, +decorated with colors. Often these decorations are arbitrary, but as a +general rule there has been an evident attempt to imitate nature so far +as it could be done with the various shades of brown and black. + +Some of the larger pieces, especially the owls, have an opening at the +top or on the back, as though designed for water vessels. + +The objects most commonly represented are owls (which largely +predominate), antelope, elk, ducks, and chickens. The human form, the +pig, sheep, horse, &c., are occasionally represented. + +Owls, _m[-u]-h[-u]-que_ and _m[-u]-h[-u]-que-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. These are +nearly always represented with feet, and in most cases with legs. The +body is usually disproportionately large, as are also the legs; the bill +is small, and the wings are represented by small lateral projections; +the tail is short. The eyes are generally well represented. The +feathers, as will be seen, by reference to the figures, are quite well +shown. The figures nave an opening on the top of the head. + +As there is a strong similarity in form, and the mode of decorating them +is shown in the figures, no special remarks on the different specimens +are necessary. + +1070-1077. 1070, (39875); 1071, (39876); 1072, (39877); 1073, (39921); + 1074, (39942); 1075, (39957); 1076, (40054); 1077, (40059), shown in + Fig. 460; this is one of the very few without feet. + +1078-1096. 1078, (40064); 1079, (40065); 1080, (40068); 1081, (40138); + 1082, (40140), Fig. 461; 1083, (40261); 1084, (40142), small; 1085, + (40262); 1086, (40141); 1087, (40142); 1088, (40409); 1089, (40734); + 1090, (40735), without feet; 1091, (40736); 1092, (40737); 1093, + (40738), Fig. 463, very large; 1094, (40740), Fig. 462; 1095, (40741); + 1096, (40742). + +1097-1112. 1097, (40743), Fig. 466; 1098, (40744); 1099, (40745); 1100, + (40746), without feet; 1101, (40747); 1102, (40748), Fig. 468; 1103, + (40749); 1104, (40750); 1105, (40751); 1106, (40752); 1107, (40753); + 1108, (40754), Fig. 467; 1109, (40755); 1110, (40756); 1111, (40757); + 1112, (40758), without decorations. + +1113-1120. 1113, (40759); 1114, (40760); 1115, (40761); 1116, (40762); + 1117, (40763); 1118, (40764); 1119, (40765); 1120, (40766), bearing a + single young owl on its back. + +1121. (40767). Shown in Fig. 469, bearing three young owls on its back. + +1122. (41043). + +1123, 1124. 1123, (40066), Fig. 465, and 1124, (40739), Fig. 464. Two +owl-shaped water vessels from Zuni. + +Duck-shaped canteens, _[-e]-y[-a]h-m[-e]-h[-e]-to_, are usually +represented in a swimming posture, without feet, though occasionally +the standing posture is adopted. The feather decorations are not so +generally used as on the owls; several specimens bear on the back +or sides the figure of the grotesque bird with spread wings. These +specimens, like the owl images, have an orifice on the top of the head +as though intended for water vessels, but are seldom used as such at +the present time. + +1125. (39910). Shown in Fig. 471. + +The following are similar: + +1126, 1127. 1126, (39879); 1127, (39889). + +1128. (36911). With feet, in standing posture. + +1129. (40063). With wings, without feet. + +1130. (41023). This and the three following specimens have feather + decorations and are small. _[-E]-y[-a]h-m[-e]-h[-e]-t[-o]-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_ + of the Zunians. + +1131-1133. 1131, (41024); 1132, (41025); 1133, (41027). + +1134. (41026), Fig. 470. Chickens. The cock, _t[-o]-k[-o]k-ke_; the hen, + _t[-o]-k[-o]k-k[-a]_. The general term applied to the young, without + reference to sex, is _s[ae]-pi-pe_. + +1135. (39919). Represented in Fig. 472. + +1136, 1137. 1136, (41028); 1137, (41029). + +1138. (41030). Shown in Fig. 476. + +1139, 1140. 1139, (41031); 1140. (41032). + +1141, 1142. 1141, (41033); 1142, (41034). + +1148-1147. 1143, (41035); 1144, (41036); 1145, (41037), Fig. 475; 1146, + (41038); 1147, (41039). + +1148-1151. 1148, (41040); 1149, (41041), Fig. 474; 1150, (41042); 1151, + (41216), this piece represents a hen with three young chickens on her + back, as in Fig. 473. + +1152-1155. 1152, (39897); 1153, (41044); 1154, (41045); 1155, (41046), + Fig. 477. Antelope. (_m[-a]h-[-a]-wi._) The form and decorations are + shown in Figs. 477 and 478. + +1156-1161. 1156, (41047); 1157, (41048); 1158, (41050), Fig. 478; 1159, + (41219); 1160, (41210); 1161, (41211). + +1162. (41049). Elk, _sh[-o]-hi-ta_. + +1163-1166. 1163, (41212), Fig. 480; 1164, (41213); 1165, (41214); + 1166, (41217). Pigs, _pits-[-o]-te_. The figures show the forms and + decorations with sufficient accuracy to make further description + unnecessary. + +1167. (41218). Ox, _w[-e]-[ae]-si_. But a single example in the + collection. Shown in Fig. 479. + +1168-1170. 1168, (41219); 1169, (41220); 1170, (41221). Sheep, + _K[-a]n-[-e]-l[-u]_. These, like the pigs, are usually marked with + spots. One specimen has these spots in the form of an S, or sigmoid + figure. + +1171. (41222). The Big Horn (_Ovis montana_), _H[ae]-li-tk[-u]_. This is + the only specimen obtained and is a very rude figure, not easily + recognizable. + +1172. (41224). The Lynx, _T[-e]-pi_. Orifice in the top of the head. + Decorated with spots. + +1173. (41225). The Horse, _T[-u]sch_, Decorations, spots, and lines + representing hair. A very poor figure; without the name would be + unrecognizable. + +1174. (41226). Man on horseback, _I-m[ae]l-t[-o]-yi_. The figure of the + man is evidently intended to represent a Mexican, as shown by the + ordinary hat and clothing. The saddle is represented, but there is no + bridle or other trappings. + +_STATUETTES._ + +1175. (40071). Indian boy without clothing and wearing moccasins. + +1176. (40076). _Wi-h[-a]_. Baby. + +1177. (40860). _Klem-chi-ka_. Man with hat and clothing. + +1178. (40861). Nude female figure. + +1179. (40862). Man with hat and clothing. + +1180. (40863). Nude female figure. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 472 (39919) (1/3) + Fig. 473 (41216) (1/5) + Fig. 474 (41041) (1/3) + Fig. 475 (41037) (1/4) + Fig. 476 (41030) (1/3) + Figs. 472-476.--Zuni Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 477 (41046) (1/5) + Fig. 478 (41050) (1/3) + Fig. 479 (41218) (1/5) + Fig. 480 (41212) (1/5) + Figs. 477-480.--Zuni Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 481 (39927) (1/3) + Fig. 482 (40061) (1/3) + Fig. 483 (40631) (1/3) + Figs. 481-483.--Zuni Clay Moccasins.] + +1181. (41223). Human hand, _ah-sin-ne_. Represents the hand and wrist. + Rather good figure. The wrist is surrounded by a colored scalloped + band, as a bracelet. + +Moccasins. _M[-o]-qu[-a]-we_. These are usually very correct in form, +the differences between the right and left being always properly +represented. Sometimes they are made singly, but usually in pairs, +united directly or by a little straight bar or curved handle at the +posterior end. White with color decorations, or brown or lead-colored +without decorations, diminutive in size. The following specimens are +without decorations: + +1182-1190. 1182, (39924); 1183, (39925); 1184, (39946); 1185, (39947); + 1186, (40055); 1187, (40626); 1188, (40629); 1189, (40634); 1190, + (40635). The last two have loops at the heel and were used as paint + cups. + +Decorated with colors: + +1191. (40637). Pair still united. + +1192. (39927). Shown in Fig. 481. + +1193. (40060). With lines; handle at the heel. + +1194, 1195. 1194, (40061), Fig. 482; 1195, (40628), decorated with +grotesque bird. + +1196. (40630). With same figure. + +1197. (40631). Represented in Fig. 483. + +1198. (40633). This pretty pair is profusely ornamented with serrate + lines from the tip to the ankles. + +1199, 1200. 1199, (40634) and 1200, (40636). Single, decorations, same +as in the preceding; probably belong to one pair, as part of the +connecting band remains on them. + +1201. (40804). Anomalous. _Tkh[ae]-p[-o]-k[-a]-t[-e]hl-le_. In the form + of a low or depressed vase, with two handles, decorated with scroll + figures; margin straight. + +1202. (40805). Vase-shaped, with single handle; a scalloped and an + undulate band around the body. Margin straight. + +1203. (42375). Toy house. Composed of clay and willow sticks. Made by + children. + +_CLAYS AND PIGMENTS._ + +The following specimens are employed in the manufacture of pottery and +for decorative purposes: + +1204, 1205. 1204, (41230) and 1205, (41231). Are specimens of a whitish +clay or kaolin, of which a solution is made and applied to the outer +surfaces of earthenware. This whiting in a coarser state is used for +white-washing their chimneys and rooms. + +1206. (41265). Is a dark carbonaceous clay which the Zuni Indians obtain + from near the summit of a mesa on which stand the ruins of their + ancient village--or, at least, where they claim to have resided during + the Spanish invasion of their country. As this clay is one of the + principal elements in the manufacture of Zuni pottery, a quantity of + it was procured and numbered as one of the specimens of the + collection. + +1207. (41901). Small nodules of azurite used by the Indians in + decorating their altars, &c. + +1208. (41902). White clay or kaolin, same as Nos. 1204 and 1205. + +1209. (41903). Finer quality of white clay. + +1210, 1211. 1210, (41904) and 1211, (41905). Are specimens of the above +of a coarser quality. + +1212. (41906). Tierra amarilla, or yellow micaceous clay, of which the + Rio Grande Indians make many varieties of vessels. + +1213. (42342). A yellowish sandy clay, which is used as one of the + coloring pigments in decorating pottery. This clay burns to a reddish + hue and gives to the pottery those lines of a brick-red color. + +1214. (42343). Very dark colored ore, resembling magnetic iron ore; this + stone is reduced in a small mortar, and a paint made of it for + decorating their ware black, which result is obtained by baking. + + +VEGETAL SUBSTANCES. + +_BASKETRY._ + +1215. (40108). A globular-shaped water basket, with a small neck, about + two inches long and three in diameter. + +1216. (40109). Double-lobed, canteen-shaped water basket, with both + outer and inner surfaces coated with gum. The neck is about the size + of that of the preceding basket. The centre is compressed to about the + size of the neck; the bottom flat. + +1217. (40110). Similar to the preceding. + +1218. (40115). This specimen is a good representation of the basketry + manufactured by the Zunians, used for carrying peaches. It is well + shown in Fig. 484. + +1219-1235. 1219, (40116); 1220, (40117); 1221, (40118); 1222, (40119); + 1223, (40120); 1224, (40121); 1225, (40122); 1226, (40123); 1227, + (40124); 1228, (40125); 1229, (40126), Fig. 488; 1230, (40127); 1231, + (40128); 1232, (40129); 1233, (40130); 1234, (40131); 1235, (40132), + are Zuni baskets of the same character, of coarse willow ware. Sizes + and shapes somewhat similar. + +1236. (40133). This specimen is an illustration of one form quite + common. We found them in general use for bringing ripe peaches from + the field. Fig. 484 shows very clearly the manner of weaving them. + +1237-1240. 1237, (40134); 1238, (41135); 1239, (41136); 1240, (41137), + are all samples of the same basketry. These baskets are called by the + Zunians _hu-chi-p[)o]n-n[-e]_. + +1241. (40143). A small platter-shaped corn, basket of the same coarse + structure. They are called _tsi-i-l[-e]_. + +1242-1247. 1242, (40144); 1243, (40145); 1244, (40146); 1245, (40147); + 1246, (40148); and 1247, (40149) are similar examples of corn baskets. + +1248-1257. 1248, (40401); 1249, (40402); 1250, (40403); 1251, (40404); + 1252, (40405); 1253, (40406); 1254, (40407); 1255, (40478); 1256, + (40479); and 1257, (40480) are a variety of examples of the corn + basket or _hu-chi-p[)o]n-ne_. + +1258. (40881). Toy basket of Navajo manufacture, of closely-woven + fibre, about three inches in diameter. A string is attached + to it for wearing it on the breast as an ornament, called + _h[-o]-in-hl[ae]n-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. + +1259, 1260. 1259, (40882), and 1260, (40883). Small cup or rather +saucer-shaped baskets similar in construction to the preceding two +numbers. + +1261. (40884). Is a corn basket of the same manufacture as the + preceding, of much larger size, and called _h[-o]-in-hl[ae]n-n[-a]_. + +1262-1264. 1262, (40917); 1263, (40918); 1264, (40919) _Tsi'-i-l[-e]_; + large-sized, coarsely woven, tray-like baskets. + +1265. (40920). Toy basket; coarse, _tsi-i-l[-a]-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. + +1266-1268. 1266, (40921); 1267, (40922); 1268, (40923). Navajo water + baskets, jug-shaped, _k[-o]-s[-e]-t[)o]m-m[-e]_. + +1269. (41208). Large flaring or bowl-shaped basket of Apache + manufacture; water-tight; used for holding flour and meal; very + compactly woven; called by the Zunis _h[-o]-in_. + +1270. (41209). Very large specimen of the same ware woven with different + colored fibres, so as to present a decorated inner surface. + +1271. (41227). _Tkl[-a]-lim-ne_ or basket with abrupt sides. Navajo + manufacture. + +1272-1275. 1272, (41228), Fig. 485; 1273, (41229); 1274, (41230); and + 1275, (41231) are examples of the coarsely-woven flat basketry used + frequently for winnowing small grain. The illustration shows the + details sufficiently without further description. + +1276. (41248). Basket tray for bread, of the closely-woven class, called + _mi-t[-u]-li-h[-o]-in_. + +1277. (41256). Toy basket, _tsi-li-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. + +_PADS._ + +The following are ring-shaped pads made of yucca leaves interwoven in +such a manner as to leave the centre open sufficiently to fit the top of +the head. These pads are used in carrying water, by placing the pad on +the head into which the base of the vase fits. They are used also to +hold water jars and vases on the ground, thus protecting the bottom of +the vessels from wearing away. They are called in Zuni _h[-a]-kin-ne_. + +1278-1287. 1278, (40464); 1279, (40465); 1280, (40466); 1281, (40467); + 1282, (40468); 1283, (40469); 1284, (40470); 1285, (40471); 1286, + (40472) are examples of this pad, of which Fig. 486, 1287r. (40473), + is an illustration. + +The following are objects of the same kind: + +1288-1292. 1288, (40474); 1289, (40475); 1290, (40924); 1291, (40925); + 1292, (40926). + +_DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS, TOYS, &c._ + +In the collection are a number of wooden spoons or ladles of various, +sizes. These utensils were not frequently met with. The readiness with +which the Indians can make pottery or earthern ladles, a large number of +which are in the collection, has caused these to supersede the former. +The wooden spoons are always chiseled from a single piece of wood. See +Fig. 490. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 490 (40876) (1/4)] + +1293-1297. 1293, (40876); 1294, (40877); 1295, (40878); 1296, (41020); + 1297, (41022) are specimens of spoons and ladles of wood. The large + ones are called _t[ae]m-sh[)o]-k[)o]n-n[-a]-ts[-a]n_, the smaller, + _t[ae]m-sh[)o]-k[)o]n ts[-a]n n[-a]_. + +1298. (41276). A wooden chair, made entirely of wood and in imitation, + of a common chair, ornamented with carvings. + +1299. (42292). Meat-block in the form of a stool, one side of which is + used for chopping, the other to sit upon. + +1300. (40827). Rotary drill, with stone disk and flint point, usually + employed in perforating turquoise and other hard substances for + ornaments. See Figure 494. Called by the Zunis _kl[-a]-t[)o]-ne_. + +1301. (40809). A small rectangular wooden box with a lid, used as a + treasure-box, for holding choice trinkets and ornaments such as + feathers, &c., called _la-p[)o]-ka kle-t[)o]n-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. + +1302. (41279). Wooden gun rack, made of pieces of flat wood, of a + rectangular form, with notches in the upright sides for holding guns + and bows. It is common in Zuni. + +1303. (41192). A wooden comb used in connection with the loom. It is + provided with teeth about one inch long; these teeth are placed + between the perpendicular threads and with the hand brought down + firmly on the cross-threads or yarn until it is perfectly compact. The + blankets woven in this manner are water-tight. This comb is called + _o-h[-a]-n[-a]-p[-a]-ne_. + +1304-1307. 1304, (42043); 1305, (42044); 1306, (42045); and 1307, + (42046); are combs above described, used with looms. + +1308. (40810). A wooden comb of the same character. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 484 (40133) (1/4) + Fig. 485 (41228) (1/4) + Fig. 486 (40473) (1/3) + Fig. 487 (41725) (1/4) + Fig. 488 (40126) (1/3) + Fig. 489 (41184) (1/4) + Figs. 484-489.--Zuni Basketry, and Toy Cradles.] + +1309. (41700). Bundle of fine grass stems for a comb. + +1310. (41282). Comb and brush, combined, made from dried grass stems; + one end is used as a comb, the other as a brush. + +1311. (41277). Wooden spade or shovel quite like an ordinary spade, used + by the Indians for shoveling snow from the roofs of their houses, and + for taking bread from their bakeovens. See Fig. 495. + +1312. (40879). Wooden digger and corn-planter, called + _t[-a]-s[-a]-quin-ne_. This is the only specimen of the kind in the + collection. The foot is used in digging as we use a spade. In making + holes in the ground for planting grain, one foot is placed on the + short projection, and the individual using it walks along, each + alternate step making a hole in the ground into which to drop the + grain. See Fig. 496. + +1313. (41262). Medicine sticks to influence rain. These little sticks + are found hidden beneath the rafters of nearly every house in Zuni. + +1314. (41275). Wooden war-club, which the Zunis claim was one of their + original weapons of war. See Fig. 491. + +1315. (41856). A peculiar warty squash or gourd hollowed out and filled + with pebbles to make a rattling sound, used in most of the dances. See + Fig. 497. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 497 (41856) (1/3)] + +1316. (41281). Gourd dance rattle. + +1317. (41196). Squash or gourd for making rattles. + +1318. (41197). Smooth-surfaced squash for rattle. + +1319. (41189). Gourd painted red, yellow, and black, which is + suspended to a pole held in the dance called by the Zunis + _t[)o]m-tsch[-u]l-t[)o]n-ne_. + +1320. (41190). Yellow gourd, with black band, and having alternate + squares of white and black around the centre, through which a stick is + passed for holding it in the hand during a dance. The gourd is placed + on the stick in an inverted position. On the top of the stick a bunch + of feathers is attached. This ornament is generally used in their + social dances, in which the young men and women mingle. See Fig. 492. + +1321. (41193). Water gourds. + +1322. (41194). Gourd with opening in the end of the handle. + +1323-1334. 1323, (41198); 1324, (41199); 1325, (41200); 1326, (41201); + 1327, (41202); 1328, (41203); 1329, (41204); 1330, (41205); 1331, + (41206); 1332, (41207); 1333, (41234); 1334, (41235), are wooden birds + carved and painted to represent such as they are accustomed to seeing + daily. Those represented are the magpie, prairie lark, oriole, humming + bird, and swallow. The latter is shown in Fig. 493. The object is + attached to a stick in such a manner that the wings can be made to + move up and down by pulling a string, in imitation of the bird in + flight. + +1335. (41184). Toy or baby cradle, called _wi-h[-a]-klem-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_, + (see Fig. 489), with a wooden doll arranged to show the manner of + securing children in cradles. + +1336. (41725). Cradle with wooden doll, Fig. 487, composed of woven + willows. + +1337. (41724). Toy drum, _t[-o]'-s[-o]-[ae]n-[ae]n-t[-o]m-me_. + +1338. (41285). Spinning top. + +_FOODS._ + +1339. (40905). _Wia-vi_, or wafer bread. + +1340. (41261). Meal from Indian maize. + +1341. (41263). Chili, or ground-red pepper. + +1342. (41264). Dried peaches; Indian style. + +1343. (41266). Dried squash; Indian style. + +1344. (41267). Indian beans. + +1345. (41271). Corn parched by the Indians. + +1346. (41272). Native salt of Zuni. + +1347. (41273). Zuni bread. + +1348. (41274). Zuni bread used in the dance. + +1349. (41280). Zuni bread. + +1350. (41283). Zuni sprouted wheat, from which a juice or wine is + obtained. + +1351. (42050). Horse beans cultivated by the Indians. + +_MEDICINES AND DYES._ + +1352. (41172). Root used as medicine. + +1353. (41173). Root used as medicine. + +1354. (41175). Root used as medicine, called by the Zunians + _[-a]h-qu[-a]-[-a]-we_. + +1355. (41174). Bark for coloring buckskin red. + +1356. (41907). Plant for coloring black. + +1357. (41908). Plant used for decorating pottery black, the oil or juice + of which is used. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 491 (41275) (1/7) + Fig. 492 (41190) (1/8) + Fig. 493 (41235) (1/6) + Fig. 494 (40827) (1/5) + Fig. 495 (41277) (1/10) + Fig. 496 (40879) (1/10) + Figs. 491-496.--Zuni War Club, Dance Ornaments, etc.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 500 (41713) + Fig. 501 (41808) + Fig. 502 (41838) + Figs. 500-502.--ZUNI SASHES.] + +ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. + +_HORN AND BONE._ + +1358. (41284). Bone awl, with iron shaft. + +1359-1361. 1359, (41851); 1360, (41852); and 1361, (41853), Fig. 498, + are specimens of a rattle or musical instrument made from the shell of + a turtle which is highly esteemed by the Pueblo tribes. The flesh of + the turtle is carefully removed from the shell, leaving it hollow. To + the edges of the breast plate are attached the toes of goats or sheep. + These toes coming in contact with the hollow shell produce a peculiar + sound, in keeping with the sound caused by the gourd rattles used in + the same ceremony. The rattle is fastened to the rear of the right leg + near the knee when employed in the dances. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 498 (41853) (1/3)] + +_SKIN._ + +1362. (41287). Lasso or lariat of plaited leather. + +1363. (41219). Hopple strap; ends locked by small blocks of wood. See + Fig. 499. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 499 (41219) (1/5)] + +_WOVEN FABRICS._ + +1364. (41251). Moki scarf, from Zuni. + +1365. (41552). Child's shirt of calico, _[-o]-ch[-u]-[-o]tsn-n[-a]_. + +1366. (41253). Squaw's knit leggings. + +1367, 1368. 1367, (41801) and 1368, (41807). Are sashes of Moki +manufacture, handsomely embroidered at each end in colors. + +1369, 1370. 1369, (41712) and 1370, (14713). Are worsted woven belts for +the waist, called _eh-ni-ne_. See Fig. 500. + +1371. (41714). Worsted garter, called _eh-ni-ne ts[-a]n-n[-a]_. + +1372. (41801). Finely-woven white cotton with embroidered edge, of which + the following are examples: + +1373-1375. 1373, (41802); 1374, (41803), and 1375, (41804). + +1376. (41805). Blue woolen scarf. + +1377. (41806). Scarf. + +1378. (41807). Sash. See Fig. 501. + +1379. (41808). Sash. See Fig. 502. + +1380. (41809). Navajo blanket, used as a squaw's dress, with red border. + +1381. (41810). Similar blanket. + +1382. (41811). Navajo blanket with blue border. The following are + similar to the preceding: + +1383-1388. 1383, (41812); 1384, (41813); 1385, (41814); 1386, (41815); + 1387, (41816); and 1388, (41817). + +1389. (41818). Saddle-blanket, in colors. + +1390-1395. 1390, (41819); 1391, (41820); 1392, (41821); 1393, (41822); + 1394, (41823); and 1395, (41824), are also saddle-blankets. + +1396. (41825). Imperfect large robe of wool. + +1397. (42223). Sample of green yarn used by the Zunians in making belts + and blankets. + +1398. (42201). War trophy, worn as shoulder belt; the band which passes + over the shoulder is ornamented with arrow-points which are fastened + in the plaiting. The plaited portion is made of the skin dress of a + slain Navajo. So highly did the Zunians prize this trophy that I was + obliged to promise its return before I was allowed to take it away. A + sketch was made of it, after which it was returned to the Indians. + +1399. (42268). A Zuni charm, made from a piece of shell rounded and + pierced near one end to-receive a string. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 503 (41726) (1/6)] + +1400. (41726). Head-dress worn by maidens in dances. Fig. 503 shows + the form. The flower is sometimes red and yellow; this is attached + to one side of the band which goes over the head; to the other + side is attached a horn-shaped ornament. The flower is called + _[-a]t[-e] [ae]n-ne_. The horn on the left is called _sai'[ae]nne_. + The band that encircles the head is called _g[)e]m-me_. The following + are articles of the same kind, differing only in ornamentation: + +1401-1408. 1401, (41727); 1402, (41728); 1403, (41729); 1404, (41730); + 1405, (41731); 1406, (41732); 1407, (41733); and 1408, (41734). + +1409. (41698). Wool rosette; part of head-dress. + +1410. (41699). Cotton rosette; part of head-dress. + +1411. (41697). Charm of wild turkey feathers. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 504 (42207) (1/3) + Fig. 505 (42208) (1/3) + Fig. 506 (42337) (1/3) + Fig. 507 (42213) (1/3) + Fig. 508 (42311) + Figs. 504-508.--Wolpi Axes and Metate.] + +1412. (42206). Grooved axe of black fine-grained sandstone, about eight + inches long; water-worn to its present shape, afterward grooved to + render it suitable for use. + +1413. (42207). Fig. 504. Grooved axe, of basalt. The only specimen of + this particular form in the collection. + +1414. (42208). Fig. 505. Large stone celt of coarse sandstone, light + gray color. It is shaped more like a wedge than the cut indicates. It + is difficult to conjecture what this implement could have been used + for. The sandstone of which it is made is too soft for either + splitting or hammering. As it is about ten inches long and has four + flat sides it may have been a grinder, as many of those implements are + not unlike it in length and appearance. Its surface is quite rough and + pitted. + +1415. (42209). Sandstone maul, grooved, surface rough. + +1416. (42210). Triangular-shaped maul, grooved in the middle; of coarse + basalt. This and similar mauls evidently at one time had handles fixed + to them, but at the present day it is not uncommon to see the modern + Pueblo Indians holding them in the hand to crush their grain, chili or + red-pepper pods in round mortars. + +1417. (42211). Grooved axe of basalt. + +1418. (42212). Small grooved axe of metamorphic rock. + +1419. (42213). Fig. 507. Water-worn boulder of quartzite, grooved around + the centre. + +1420. (42214). Basaltic maul, grooved in the middle like the preceding. + Used by the Indians at the present day for pounding chili or red + pepper. + +1421. (42216). Grooved axe of greenstone, quite long, well shaped, and + nicely polished. + +1422. (42217). Grooved axe of greenstone, similar to the preceding. + +1423. (42218). Grooved axe of sandstone; top square. + +1424. (42219). Axe of basalt, grooved on three sides. + +1425. (42220). Grooved axe of greenstone. + +1426. (42221). Grooved axe of quartz. + +1427. (42222). Grooved axe of sandstone. Groove very near the top. + +1428. (42223). Grooved axe of greenstone, well polished. + +1429. (42224). Grooved axe of schistose rock, much flattened, with a + small second groove below the larger one. 1430. (42225). Small grooved + axe of greenstone, body rather square, top quite small, with the + groove very near it. + +1431. (42226). Axe of basalt, grooved on three sides near its top, which + is flat. + +1432. (42227). Grooved on three sides. + +1433. (42228). Grooved axe. + +1434. (42319). Grooved axe made from a fragment of a grinder. + +1435. (42320). Same as preceding. + +1436. (42321). Rough chipping or stone hammer. + +1437. (42322). Large grooved maul of a ferruginous substance. + +1438. (42323). Large egg-shaped grooved maul of coarse sandstone. + +1439. (42326). Large grooved maul of irregular shape and surface; + finegrained sandstone. + +1440-1447. 1440, (42327); 1441, (42328); 1442, (42329); 1443, (42330); + 1444, (42331); 1445, (42332); 1446, (42333); 1447, (42334), are all + quite similar to the two preceding mauls, and are all of sandstone. + +1448. (42335). A very large grooved maul, almost square, and weighing + about fifteen pounds. + +1449. (42336). Grooved maul of very coarse-grained sandstone; short and + thick. + +1450. (42337). Fig. 506. Grooved maul of compact sandstone. The body of + the maul is almost round, though the cut makes it appear flat. Several + such specimens were collected, and in all instances they show that + they have been better preserved than the axes. This is probably due to + the fact that their shape adapts them to grinding foods and grain, and + hence they are not used for splitting or cutting. + +1451. (42339). Rough stone maul of sandstone, grooved in the middle. + +1452. (42350). Small grooved axe of sandstone from the ruins of Pecos. + +1453. (42246). Celt of a very black slate stone. + +1454. (42247). Celt. This is a very fine specimen, of yellow polished + slate of about the same texture as the preceding one. It is about + twelve inches long, and tapers gradually from the broad edge to the + top. + +_METATES, OR GRAIN-GRINDERS, AND PESTLES._ + +1455-1460. 1455, (42279); 1456, (42287); 1457, (42289); 1458, (42309); + 1459, (42310); 1460, (42311), are ordinary specimens of the metate + placed together in the shape of a mill. See Fig. 508. + +1461, 1462. 1461, (42313), and 1462, (42314), are rubbing stones. + +1463. (42338). Broken metate rubber. + +1464. (42249). Rubbing stone. + +1465. (40139). Rude rubber of silicified wood. + +1466. (42274). Small quartz rubber. + +1467. (42275). Small greenstone rubber. + +1468-1473. 1468, (42276); 1469, (42277); 1470, (42278); 1471, (42316); + 1472, (42317); 1473, (42318), are all fragrants of rubbers. + +1474. (42290). Bound sandstone pestle, each end ovate. + +1475. (42294). Square sandstone pestle. + +1476. (42295). Small round pestle, with rounded ends. + +_MORTARS, PESTLES, ETC._ + +Nearly all the pestles and mortars from Wolpi present evidences of age. +They are nearly all of coarse sandstone, and were used for bruising food +and grain. They are usually quite large, heavy, and round. As they are +generally of soft yielding rocks, the cavities are worn very deep in +most of them. + +1477. (42281). Large flat food mortar. + +1478. (42282). Paint mortar, made from a round sandstone boulder about + five inches in diameter. + +1479. (42283). Grain mortar. + +1480. (42284). Mortar made from a round somewhat flattened sandstone + boulder. + +1481. (42285). Food mortar of indurated sandstone, about four inches + thick and eight inches in diameter, irregularly round, the depression + being about three inches deep. + +1482. (42286). Mortar for crushing grain; this is an unusually fine + specimen. It is about seven inches high, and an almost round body, + about an inch and a half thick at the top of the rim; the cavity is + quite a perfect oval in shape, about five inches deep; bottom flat. + +1483. (42288). Mortar similar to the above, but having a projection on + one side like the ear of a kettle. + +1484. (42291). Mortar and pestle. The mortar is nearly square; cavity + about five inches deep and seven in diameter. The pestle has a groove + round the middle. + +1485. (42292). Paint mortar about one inch thick and nearly square. + +1486. (42293). Round quartzitic boulder; one side flat, the other with a + small cavity. + +1487. (42307). Bowl-shaped food mortar, about ten inches in diameter and + five inches high. + +_MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS._ + +1488. (42270). Stone knife with two notches or grooves near the large + end. + +1489. (42271). Forty specimens of arrow-heads and small perforators, + flint and agate; most of them very well shaped. + +1490. (42253). Sandstone gaming ball, painted. + +1491-1493. 1491, (42254); 1492, (42255); and 1493, (42256), are all + sandstone gaming balls. + +1494. (42257). Fig. 509. Hollow tube. The figure represents one made + from potters' clay, the other is of siliceous material. These pipes + are not in use at the present time, but are frequently found around + the ruins and in possession of the Indians. + +1495. (42261). Stone image, probably intended to represent a rabbit. It + is of fine-grained stone. Shown in Fig. 513. There are quite a number + of these little images from Wolpi and Zuni; as they appear to + represent rabbits, it is presumed that they are quite old, and + possibly antedate the introduction of domestic animals among the + tribes. + +1496. (42296). Small paint muller of jasper. + +1497. (42297). Square quartzitic paint muller. + +1498. (42298). Triangular paint rubber of quartz. + +1499-1503. 1499, (42299), quartz; 1500, (42300); 1501, (42301); 1502, + (42303); and 1503, (42304), are all quartz paint pestles made from + half sections of small semi spherical boulders; the large end, which + is flat, being used for the grinding part. + +1504. (42305). Part of a grooved axe. + +1505. (42306). Rubbing stone with four rubbing surfaces. + +1506. (42262). Fig. 512. This undoubtedly represents some animal. + +1507. (42263). Fig. 510. This evidently represents some animal other + than the rabbit. The body is long and slender, and is provided with a + tail. + +1508. (42264). Small sandstone image, which is a good representation of + a bear; grooved around the neck, with mouth and eyes and short tail. + None of these little images are provided with anything more than short + stubs for limbs. + +1509. (42265). Very small sandstone image, quite similar to No. 1507. + +1510. (40114). Wolpi neck ornament, Fig. 511, _hu-wat-he-qua-ve_, of red + slate stone notched at each end, as shown in the cut, and perforated + at the upper edge to receive a cord, with which it is suspended to the + neck. Though a rare ornament, it possesses no particular known + significance. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VASES._ + +These are of the usual form, and for the most part of the usual size +found at Zuni; but there are also a number of very large specimens of +the white ornamented, black, and red ware, having a capacity of ten or +twelve gallons. + +White decorated ware: + +1511. (41356). Decorations exactly the same type as that shown in Fig. + 359, except that there is a regular meander around the shoulder. The + type is shown in Fig. 514. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 509 (42257) (1/2) + Fig. 510 (42263) (1/2) + Fig. 511 (40114) (1/2) + Fig. 512 (42262) (1/3) + Fig. 513 (42261) (1/3) + Figs. 509-513.--Wolpi Pipe, Effigies, and Ornament.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 514 (41602) (1/4) + Fig. 514.--Wolpi Water Vase] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 515 (40646) (1/7) + Fig. 516 (42374) (1/7) + Figs. 515, 516.--Wolpi Cooking Pots.] + +The following belong to the same type as the above, the variations being +but slight, the large circular space with scroll being the chief +characteristic: + +1512. (41601). Figure on the neck as on the body of Fig. 372. + +1513. (41602). Shown in Fig. 514. + +1514. (41603). The block containing the smaller circle is here solid and + square; there is a zig-zag band around the neck as on the margins of + some Zuni bowls. + +1515. (41604). This varies in having in place of the block with the + small circle, a regularly checkered block. + +1516. (41606). This has only the large diamond figures on the body, and + a band of s's round the shoulder. + +1517. (41607). Like No. 1514. + +1518. (41454). With handles on sides; fringe-like band around the + shoulder. + +1519. (41455). Simple linear band around the body. + +1520. (41456). Figures of a trident or three-pronged fork; and ladle on + the body. + +The following are plain brown and red ware, some of them very large. The +neck is but slight, and they are often more pot-shaped than olla form. +Without ornamentation. + +Brown or red. + +1521-1533. 1521, (41632); 1522, (41633); 1523, (41635); 1524, (41636); + 1525, (41637); 1526, (41638); 1527, (41639); 1528, (41640); 1529, + (41641); 1530, (41642); 1531, (41643); 1532, (41649); 1533, (41650). + +1534. (41644). + +1535. (40646). Fig. 515. + +1536. (41647). + +1537. (41648). + +1538. (42374). Very large pot, used for cooking. Name, _nu-a-mash-pe_. + Represented in Fig. 516. + +_WATER JUGS AND JARS._ + +These are similar to those obtained at Zuni; sub-globular in form, one +side more distinctly flattened on which to lie, the other very convex. +Usually with two handles, sometimes loops, and sometimes studs or knobs. +Occasionally ornamented white ware, but most generally unadorned brown +or red ware. The latter showing, on some pieces, at least, a slight, +perhaps accidental, glazing. They vary in size from six or seven gallons +down to less than a pint. + +As the various figures used in decorations have been described, only +those which are unusual will be noticed here. + +White decorated ware: + +1539. (41320). Underside as usual, blown. Scalloped band in direction of + mouth and handle, transverse double scalloped band across the upper + half. + +1540. (41362). Similar to the last. + +1541. (41342). Simple bands and scrolls. + +1542, 1543. 1542, (41401) and 1543, (41447). Similar. + +Brown ware without ornamentation: + +1544-1567. 1544, (41321); 1545, (41322); 1546, (41323); 1547, (41324); + 1548, (41325); 1549, (41326); 1550, (41327); 1551, (41328); 1552 + (41329); 1553, (41330); 1554, (41331); 1555, (41332); 1556, (41333); + 1557, (41334); 1558, (41335); 1559, (41336); 1560, (41337); 1561, + (41338); 1562, (41339); 1563, (41340); 1564, (41341); 1565, (41343); + 1566, (41344); 1567, (41345). + +1568-1569. 1568, (41609) and 1569, (41611). These have only the large + diamond figures on the body, and a zig-zag line around the neck. + +1570. (41610). The large diamonds serrate on the outer margin; neck with + doubly oblique serrate lines. + +1571. (41613). As in Fig. 514, except that the neck, instead of the + zigzag, has oblique diamonds. + +1572. (41614). This varies from the preceding in having only a narrow + scalloped band around the neck. + +1573. (41620). Only the large scrolls, nothing on the neck. + +1574. (41622). Similar to the preceding, except that each alternate + scroll is replaced by a rosette in a circle. + +1575. (41615). Like No. 1515, except that the neck has a scalloped band + with birds' heads. + +1576. (41618). Large diamonds on the body alternately with rosettes, by + the side of which is a bird. + +1577. (41621). Similar to Fig. 514, except that the black has no circle + in it. + +1578. (41358). Small with a broad checkered band around the body. + +1579. (41605). With narrow scalloped band around the neck; triangular + figures pointing to right and left on the body with cross lines + between the bases. + +1580. (41608). Outline figures of terraced hills with cactus growing + from them, and curved scalloped lines above. + +1581. (41612). Scalloped band around the neck; oblique, heavy, double + diamond figures with scrolls on the body. + +1582. (41617). No decorations on the neck; body with the spear points or + long triangles, and serrate oblique lines as on Zuni bowls. + +1583. (41616). Line of little circles on the neck; triangles of lines, + pointing to the left on the body. + +1584. (41619). Similar in form and decorations to Fig. 371 (Zuni), + except that the upper side of the band is formed of triangles instead + of scrolls. + +1585. (41629). This is really a double-handled jar. + +1586. (41630). Scalloped band around bottom, serrated squares near rim. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 517 (41364) (1/4) + Fig. 518 (41363) (1/3) + Fig. 519 (41366) (1/3) + Figs. 517-519.--Wolpi Vessels.] + +1587. (41631). Scrolls on the neck; birds with crest feathers, and + flowers on the body. + +1588. (41634). Very small, with numerous scalloped lines arranged in + diamond form. + +1589. (41644). Series of double perpendicular scallops. + +1590. (41468). Similar to No. 1586. + +_TOY-LIKE WATER VESSELS._ + +The following are very small water vessels, probably intended for +children: + +1591. (41449). Figures of birds on body. + +1592. (41450). The usual diamond and scroll on body. + +1593-1603. 1593, (41346); 1594, (41347); 1595, (41348); 1596, (41349); + 1597, (41350); 1598, (41351); 1599, (41352); 1600, (41353); 1601, + (41354); 1602, (41355); 1603, (41448). + +Small toy canteens: + +1604-1607. 1604, (41439); 1605, (41440); 1606, (41442); 1607, (41443). + +The following three are cup-shaped, with an ear on each side to which to +attach a string, the top is closed, with a round orifice in the middle, +and they are either medicine or little paint vessels and not canteens, +as given in the original field catalogue: + +1608-1610. 1608, (41444); 1609, (41445); 1610, (41446). + +Water jugs and bottles are of various forms, which will be described +under their respective numbers. They are usually of the white decorated +ware. The brown ware is always undecorated. + +1611. (41363). See Fig. 518. + +1612. (41364). Brown ware shown in Fig. 517. + +1613. (41365). Brown ware, cylindrical, constricted in the middle and + with small orifice. + +1614. (41393). Without handle. + +1615. (41366). Fig. 519. A water jar made in imitation of a common gourd + cultivated by many of the Pueblo tribes. The body is ornamented on + both sides with a curved line and birds, as seen in the figure. A + small circular orifice is left at the base of the handle. + +1616. (41367). As in Fig. 520. + +1617. (41368). Shown in Fig. 522. + +1618-1619. 1618, (41369), and 1619, (41370). Similar to the preceding. + +1620. (41407). Regularly shaped jug with handle decorated with + geometrical figures. + +1621. (41433). Brown ware, regular jug with two handles. + +1622. (41434). Similar to preceding, but without handles. + +1623. (41469). Bottle shaped. Brown ware. Represented in Fig. 521. + +The following are similar: + +1624-1628. 1624, (41373); 1625, (41374); 1626, (41375); 1627, (41376); + 1630, (41377). + +1629. (41393). Brown ware, with single constriction, without handle. + +1630. (41394). Similar. + +_CUPS._ + +Those obtained were chiefly very small. As will be seen, the ladle to a +very large extent supplies with this people the place of the cup. + +1631. (41409). Regular handled cup; white ware, with a broad band in + which are white crescents. + +1632. (41461). Shaped as preceding. White ware, all except a marginal + uncolored band marked with cross or checkered lines. + +1633. (41526). Small white ware, outside without decorations; scalloped + marginal band inside; with handle. + +1634. (41527). Sides straight; with handle, decorated on the outside + with triangular figures so common on bowls. + +1635. (41430). With similar decorations. + +Toy cups. Usually brown ware without ornamentation: + +1636. (41415). White ware with a band of scrolls. + +1637-1641. 1637, (41417); 1638, (41426); 1639, (41427); 1640, (41428); + 1641, (41429). These five are brown ware. + +1642. (41435). A pretty pitcher-shaped vessel ornamented with interlaced + or cross lines forming a regular net-work. + +_EATING-BOWLS._ + +The bowls vary in size, as do those from Zuni, but as a general rule +they are small, or of but medium size; quite a number of those obtained +are very small. In form they are generally like those from Zuni, but +some are biscuit-shaped, as those from Tesuke; others are true basins; +and a few are square, and perhaps should not be classed as bowls, though +we have included them under that general term. The decorations on the +larger ones of regular form are very similar to those seen on Zuni +bowls. The colors black and red or brown are usually lighter and +brighter than on the Zuni pottery: + +1643. (41357). Regular Form. Decorations on the inner face only; + marginal zigzag line, with diamond and scroll below. + +1644. (41359). Outer and inner surface decorations as in Fig. 412. + +1645. (41361). Decorations only a double-scalloped inner marginal band. + +1646. (41400). Very small; a simple inner band. + +1647. (41463). Small. This and the following small specimens are + decorated on the inside with what appears to be intended for an Indian + head, with a tuft of hair. + +1648-1653. 1648, (41464); 1649, (41465); 1650, (41467); 1651, (41529); + 1652, (41530); 1653, (41534). + +1654-1657. 1654, (41538); 1655, (41539); 1656, (41589); 1657, (41565). + +1658. (41466). No outer decorations; inner surface with the usual + diamond and scroll figure. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 520 (41367) (1/3) + Fig. 521 (41469) (1/3) + Fig. 522 (41368) (1/3) + Figs. 520-522.--Wolpi Water Jars.] + +1659-1660. 1659, (41528); 1660, (41531). + +1661. (41540). Shown in Fig. 523. + +1662-1663. 1662, (41541), and 1663, (41599), are marked only with a + broad inner marginal band of geometrical figures. + +1664. (41532). No outer decorations; inner with diamond and scroll and + triangular figures. + +The following have the outer surface decorated as in the Zuni pattern, +shown in Figs. 416 and 417. The inner decorations vary slightly. + +With crenate or zigzag line on inner margin, and scroll diamond, or +scrolls only: + +1665-1671. 1665, (41544); 1666, (41547); 1667, (41562); 1668, (41568); + 1669, (41576); 1670, (41590); 1671, (41577). + +With similar marginal band and pentagonal scrolls and bird: + +1672-1673. 1672, (41548), and 1673, (41549). + +1674. (41550). With inner marginal band of geometrical figures; no other + inner decorations. + +1675. (41561). Broad marginal band only. + +1676. (41574). Inside with crenate marginal band; geometrical figures + below. + +1677. (41584). Heavy, scalloped inner band with T-shaped spaces in the + scallops. Scrolls below. + +1678. (41581). Broad checkered inner band only. + +1679. (41592). Similar checkered band with scroll figures below. + +1680. (41596). With terraced marginal band, and terraced or pyramidal + figures below. + +1681. (41627). Marginal band of geometrical figures only. + +1682. (41543). Biscuit-shaped. Outside with three rows or bands of large + serratures. + +1683. (41545). No outer decorations; inner crenate marginal line; + scrolls and diamond below. The following are similar: + +1684-1697. 1684, (41554); 1685, (41558), marginal band of lance points; + 1686, (41564); 1687, (41567); 1688, (41569); 1689, (41573); 1690, + (41575); 1691, (41578); 1692, (41579); 1693, (41582); 1694, (41585); + 1695, (41588); 1696, (41591), this has also the triangular bird; 1697, + (41623). + +1698. (41551). No outer decorations; zigzag marginal line; flowers and + lines below. + +1699. (41552). This has a very pretty design on the outside, a band of + diamonds, a little cross in each, and a dotted line above and below. + The inner decorations of this and the following consist of a broad + band only, of geometrical or architectural figures. Outer decorations + various, which alone are mentioned. + +1700-1701. 1700, (41553), bird in a wreath; 1701, (51555), lines of + crescent. + +1702-1703. 1702, (41556), and 1703, (41563). Same as the preceding. + +1704. (41570). Similar to the preceding, with scroll band below. + +1705. (41572). Triangular figures. + +1706. (41597). Scalloped lines arranged in large diamonds, with a flower + in the center of the diamond. + +1707. (41626). Scrolls and crescents. + +1708. (41628). Same as No. 1706. + +1709. (41559). Checkered band and scrolls inside, band of crescents + outside. + +1710. (41566). Inner marginal band as in outer decorations found on Zuni + bowls. + +1711. (41571). No outer decorations; inner geometrical figures but no + band. + +1712. (41593). Checkered band, and scrolls inside; broad marginal band + with lower side scalloped. + +1713. (41594). With no outer figures; radiating simple and serrate lines + inside. + +1714. (41595). No outer decorations; scalloped or crenate band, and + geometrical figures on inner surface. + +1715. (41600). No outer decorations; birds and flowers or rosettes. + +1716. (41625). No outer decorations; inside with successive scallops, + and the conventional bird form between squares, one above the other. + +1717-1718. 1717, (41560), and 1718, (41624). Brown ware without + ornamentation. + +Minute bowls, usually without decoration, but sometimes figured, +especially on the outside, with simple outline figures. + +1719-1727. 1719, (41418); 1720, (41419); 1721, (41421); 1722, (41422); + 1723, (41423); 1724, (41424); 1725, (41457); 1726, (41458); 1727, + (41459), with short handle; the decoration in this is true + herring-bone pattern. + +1728. (41460). Square basins. These are comparatively small and resemble + in shape a common knife-basket or tray, but without handle or + division. + +1729. (41533). Outside with figures of birds, flowers and diamonds. + +1730. (41535). Outer band with scrolls along the under edge or margin; + diamond with scroll on inside. + +1731. (41537). Inside similar to No. 1730; outside usual triangular + figures. + +1732. (41536). Outside similar, inside with four faces in outline. + +1733. (41542). Plain brown. + +1734. (41546). Outside the usual triangular figures; inside bird figures + and slender leaf-stalks. + +1735. (41557). Outside triangular figures; inside double scroll. + +1736. (41586). Outside oblique, double serrate bands; inside broad + marginal checkered band; bottom four faces. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 523 (41540) (1/3) + Fig. 524 (41385) (1/2) + Fig. 525 (41518) (1/2) + Figs. 523-525.--Wolpi Eating Bowl, Cooking Vessel and Ladle.] + +_COOKING VESSELS._ + +These are usually unadorned and of brown or black ware. The number +obtained was not large, and they vary greatly in character. They are +generally of medium size or small, and some which appear to be used as +cooking vessels have a handle on the side and resemble pitchers and +cups. Some have two handles and are shaped like an urn or olla; others +appear to be true pots. The want of uniformity among this tribe in the +use of vessels of this kind renders its difficult to class them +according to use. I will, therefore, group them according to form. +Except one or two of the little pots none of them are ornamented. + +Pot-shaped vessels: + +1737-1739. 1737, (41360); 1738, (41379); 1739, (41385); two handles as + in Fig. 524. + +1740-1741. 1740, (41380), and 1741, (41405). Without handle, the latter + possibly used as a drinking vessel. + +1742-1746. 1742, (41381); 1743, (41382); 1744, (41383); 1745, (41384); + 1746, (41386); each with a handle on one side; they resemble pitchers + or cups. + +_TOY-LIKE VESSELS._ + +1747. (41416). Like a small water-vessel. + +1748. (41442). Olla-shaped, with handles; decorated with a band of loops + around the middle. + +1749. (41451). Olla. + +1750-1751. 1750, (41452), and 1751, (41453). Cylindrical jars without + handles. + +1752-1753. 1752, (41293), and 1753, (41294). Large black Cooking pots of + the usual shape. + +1754. (42367). Flat jar-shaped vessel, red ware, with regular ears on + the sides with holes through them. Cooking vessel; new. + +1755. (42369). Small globular red bowl, half burned. + +1756. (42370). Part of a corrugated vessel. It is yellow, but partly + burned; it looks fresh and new, but is really old, having been out of + the ground of old ruins near Wolpi. + +_LADLES._ + +Of these vessels, which are extensively used by the Shinumos, there are +various forms with an almost endless variation in decoration, being +generally of ornamented white ware. Some of them bear a strong +resemblance to the skillets used on cooking stoves, the handle being +looped, but the bowl is more saucer-shaped. Others, as shown in Figs. +527 and 529, are evidently fashioned after gourds. Some are somewhat of +the form shown in Figs. 439 and 440, but the handle is more distinct. +Others are true cup-shaped vessels, with the handles projecting from the +middle of the side. A few are double with a single handle. + +Skillet-shaped vessels. Usually decorated in the bowl. As these figures +are generally similar to those already described, special notice will be +taken only of such forms as vary from the normal shape and figures. + +1757-1758. 1757, (41396), and 1758, (41395). Gourd shaped; similar to + those shown in Figs. 527 and 529. + +1759-1760. 1759, (41378), and 1760, (41397). Outside covered with + checkers. + +1761. (41398). Outside covered with scrolls. + +1762. (40408). Outside decorated with oblique serrate lines. + +1763. (41411). Ladles with two bowls. Handle with the head of an animal, + probably a wild-cat, at the tip; figures of birds in the bowls. + +1764. (41412). Shown in Fig. 528. + +1765. (41413). Handle broken; bowls with only a scalloped marginal band. + +1766-1767. 1706, (41470); 1767, (41476). Cup-shaped, with short handles; + shaped like a small olla. + +1768. (41477). Handle with animal head on the tip; outside covered with + checkered figures. + +1769. (41479). Handle as in the preceding; oblique, doubly serrate lines + on outside of bowl. + +1770-1772. 1770, (41480); 1771, (41481); 1772, (41482); face in the bowl + of the last. + +1773-1774. 1773, (41483), and 1774, (41484); the handle of the latter + represents an animal's head, with face turned toward the bowl. + +1775-1777. 1775, (41388); 1776, (41389); 1777, (41425). The handle of + this represents, in shape, the head of a woman and child, and the bowl + contains the figures of two faces. + +1778-1783. 1778, (41462); 1779, (41471); 1780, (41472); 1781, (41473); + 1782, (41474); 1783, (41475). The last of these has a minute head of a + woman on the end of the handle, which is solid. + +1784-1785. 1784, (41485), and 1785, (41486). Bowls elaborately + ornamented with geometrical figures and a circle of serratures, in + which is a figure resembling a duck with spread wings seen from above. + +1786-1788. 1786, (41487); 1787, (41488); 1788, (41489); the last with a + woman's head on the tip of the solid handle. + +1789-1793. 1789, (41498); 1790, (41499); 1791, (41508); 1792, (41514); + 1793, (41490). The last of these as also the following seven pieces + have bent, gourd-like handles, slightly curved or hooked at the end, + solid and somewhat rounded. + +1794-1800. 1794, (41491); 1795, (41492); 1796, (41493); 1797, (41494); + 1798, (41496); 1799, (41497); 1800, (41500). + +1801. (41495). Like No. 1788, as are also the following ten specimens: + +1802-1811. 1802, (41502); 1803, (41504); 1804, (41505); 1805, (41507); + 1806, (41515) 1807, (41518), Fig. 525; 1808, (41519); 1809, (41522); + 1810, (41523); 1811, (41525). + +1812. (41506). This is square; an unusual form. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 526 (41410) (1/2) + Fig. 527 (41396) (1/2) + Fig. 528 (41412) (1/3) + Fig. 529 (41395) (1/3) + Fig. 530 (41392) (1/3) + Figs. 526-530.--Wolpi Ladles and Basket.] + +1813-1822. 1813, (41509); 1814, (41510); 1815, (41511); 1816, (41512); + 1817, (41513); 1818, (41516); 1819, (41517); 1820, (41520); 1821, + (41521); 1822, (41503). + +1823-1824. 1823, (41524), and 1824, (41501). Shaped somewhat like an + oyster-shell. + +1825. (41399). Water vessel in the shape of a bird, with tail and wings + represented. + +1826. (41406). Cup with bird's head on one side, tail opposite, and + slight projections to represent wings on the side. Brown ware. + +1827. (41410). A double cup or ladle shown in Fig. 526. + +1828. (41414). Like Fig. 531, ornamented with oblique scalloped stripes + on outside; geometrical figures inside. + +1829-1830. 1829, (41431), and 1830, (41432). Square salt-boxes; the + former of white ware, with square figures on the outside; the latter + brown, unornamented. + +1831. (41436). Cup-shaped basket, brown ware; woman's head on top of + handle. + +1832. (41437). Similar basket, white ornamented ware, handle plain. + +1833. (41437). Similar small, brown, cup-shaped basket. + +1834. (41478). Biscuit-shaped bowl, with ornamental diamonds on outside. + +_MISCELLANEOUS._ + +1835. (41371). Basket similar to those used by the Zunians in sacred + dances, with terraced margin, plain band inside, and comb-like figures + outside. + +1836. (41372). Similar basket, bottom flat, and sides straighter than + the preceding, decorated on the outside with oblique double serrate + stripes. + +1837-1838. 1837, (41387), and 1838, (41392). Baskets with straight + margins, both with geometrical figures on the outside. The latter is + shown in Fig. 530. + +1839. (41390). Fig. 532, water-vase with bowl-shaped base. + +1840. (41391). Fig. 531 Basin with looped handle arising from the center + of the inside; ornamented white ware. + +_STATUETTES._ + +The clay images or statuettes obtained from the Shinumo pueblos are not +objects of worship as supposed by many persons, but appear to be used to +adorn their dwellings just as similar articles are used by civilized +races. This is evident from their form and ornamentation which rudely +represent the ordinary clothing worn by these Indians, and in the female +figures the usual mode of wearing the hair either in a bunch at the back +of the head or in two wheel-shaped knots at the sides. In a few +instances ear ornaments, made of pieces of shells or beads, are found +attached to the ears. + +I am not aware that these images are used in their dances or religious +ceremonies. If they are objects of worship it must be in the family +only, or a secret worship of which I obtained no information. + +Images are introduced, however, in their dances and religious rites, but +these are made of wood and highly ornamented, some of which were +obtained and are hereafter described. + +1841. (42026). Composed of the same clays of which the general pottery + is made, with small lines of a brick-red color up and down the body; + black lines over the shoulder and around the body, terminating so as + to represent hands; small earlets, made of blue beads, suspended from + the ears; face in white, with black spots to represent month and eyes; + horn-shaped cap, extending obliquely back from the head. Represents a + male figure. + +1842. (42027). Same as above, except the head, which has a square bunch + at its back, representing the one method of wearing the hair by the + Shinumos. Male figure. + +1843. (42028). Same as No. 1841, especially in regard to the horn-shaped + protrusion from the back of the head. + +1844. (42029). Plain flat image, probably intended to represent a + female. + +1845. (42030). This image is quite characteristic of this class of + objects. The cut shows all but the colors, which are the same as + described above, the form only differing from No. 1841 in having two + horns curving back from the head. Seen in Fig. 533. + +1846. (42031). Differs only from the rest in having a small hat on the + head. + +1847. (42032). Female figure, but with a black band around under the + chin, apparently representing whiskers; dark brown body. + +1848. (42033). Female figure with wheel-shaped knot on each side of the + head representing the manner of wearing the hair by the Shinumo women, + the body of the figure cream colored, face red, eyes and mouth black; + black necklace. Special parts of the body represented in red. + +1849. (42034). Male figure ornamented with red vertical lines. + +1850. (42035). Fig. 534. The cut presents all the lines on the image as + well as the form. The small wheels on each side of the head referred + to under No. 1848 show the style of wearing the hair; the black + markings shown on the cut are red on the figure. Female. + +1851. (42036). Body red, marked with black and dark red lines; red and + black spots on back of head to represent the hair. + +1852-1853. 1852, (42037); 1853, (42038); dark red bodies with black and + red lines. + +1854-1856. 1854, (42039); 1855, (42040); 1856, (42041); similar to the + preceding; the last with the wheel-shaped knots representing the hair. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 531 (41391) (1/3) + Fig. 532 (41390) (1/3) + Fig. 533 (42030) (1/2) + Fig. 534 (42035) (1/2) + Figs. 531-534.--Wolpi Basin, Vase, and Clay Statuettes.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 535 (42085) (1/4) + Fig. 536 (42058) (1/5) + Figs. 535, 536.--Wolpi Meal Baskets.] + + +VEGETAL SUBSTANCES. + +_BASKETRY._ + +The following specimens are examples of the tray-like baskets made from +round willows: + +1857. (42085). Fig. 535 shows the mode of its construction. + +1858-1871. 1858, (42076); 1859, (42077); 1860, (42078); 1861, (42079); + 1862, (42080); 1863, (42081); 1864, (42082); 1865, (42083); 1866, + (42084); 1867, (42086); 1868, (42087); 1869, (42088); 1870, (42089); + 1871, (42090). + +The following numbers refer to specimens of the spiral or coiled +basketry, all the features of which are shown in Fig. 536, except the +color decoration: + +1872-1907. 1872, (42058); 1873, (42051); 1874, (42052); 1875, (42053); + 1876, (42054); 1877, (42055); 1878, (42056); 1879, (42057); 1880, + (42059); 1881, (42060); 1882, (42061); 1883, (42062); 1884, (42063); + 1885, (42064); 1886, (42065); 1887, (42066); 1888, (42067); 1889, + (42068); 1890, (42069); 1891, (42070); 1892, (42071); 1893, (42072); + 1894, (42090); 1895, (42073); 1896, (42074); 1897, (42075); 1898, + (42091); 1899, (42092); 1900, (42093); 1901, (42094); 1902, (42095); + 1903, (42096); 1904, (42097); 1905, (42098); 1906, (42099); 1907, + (42100). + +The following are canteen or water baskets, previously described, as to +method of making and using them: + +1908-1912. 1908, (42101); 1909, (42102); 1910, (42103); 1911, (42104); + 1912, (42105); are vase-shaped baskets, of which Fig. 537 is a + representative example. + +The following are specimens of the same ware, differing only in form and +size: + +1913-1920. 1913, (42106); 1914, (42107); 1915, (42108); 1916, (42109); + 1917, (42110); 1918, (42111); 1919, (42112); 1920, (42113). + +1921-1925. 1921, (42114); 1922, (42115); 1923, (42116); 1924, (42117); + 1925, (42118), are only noticeable on account of their peculiar form. + They are almost top-shaped, with an acute apex at the bottom. The + mouth is small, like that of a jug. In one instance (42114) the body + slopes from top and bottom to the center, almost forming a ridge. Very + few of this form were obtained. + +1926. (42119). A double-lobed canteen basket. Many of the clay + water-vessels in the collection are made in imitation of this + double-lobed basket. + +1927-1931. 1927, (42120); 1928, (42121); 1929, (42122); 1930, (42123); + 1931, (42124). Ordinary forms of the water-basket. + +1932. (42125). A fine, large, and quite perfect specimen, of the jug or + water-basket, with ears of horse-hair and string attached for use. + Quite a number of the ancient water-jars are of this form, and both + bear evidence of antiquity. + +1933. (42149). Fig. 538 is a good illustration of this form. + +1934-1937. 1934, (42146); 1935, (42147); 1936, (42148); 1937, (42150), + are of the same class of cemented basket-ware. The small + fruit-baskets, made of round willows and with much less care, are also + of many forms. Some are square, others round, and some with a peculiar + flattened body; of the latter there are but few in the collection. + They belong to the older class of basketry. + +The following specimens belong to that class: + +1938-1941. 1938, (42126); 1939, (42127); 1940, (42128); 1941, (42129). + +1942. (42130). A specimen of a much finer quality than the preceding. It + is long and vase-shaped, with a wide mouth and flaring rim, and woven + up from the bottom in oblique ridges. + +1943. (42131). A coarsely constructed bowl-shaped basket, of which type + the following are also specimens: + +1944-1951. 1944, (42132); 1945, (42133); 1946, (42134); 1947, (42135); + 1948, (42136); 1949, (42137); 1950, (42138); 1951, (42139). + +1952. (42140). Specimen of the older basketry, with large depressed + body, flat bottom, and jar-like mouth. + +1953-1956. 1953, (42141); 1954, (42142); 1955, (42143); 1956, (42144), + are also different forms of the peach-basket. + +1957. (42145). Fig. 540. A large floor or hearth mat frequently found in + use among the Pueblos. The specimen in the collection exhibits some + skill and taste in weaving it. The material of which it is made is a + small round willow. + +1958. (42151). A large deep basket, constructed by weaving coarse willow + twigs around four upright posts or large sticks. It has a capacity of + about two bushels. + +1959. (42152). This is a small square basket of the same character. + +1960. (42153). A specimen of this ware. It is shown in Fig. 539, + exhibits a coarse, loose manner of construction. These are used as + fruit-baskets. + +1961-1962. 1961, (42154), and 1962, (42155). These are examples of the + same kind. + +1963. (42156). This specimen represents the finest quality of baskets in + the collection. They are all more or less tastefully ornamented during + the process of plaiting them. They are skillfully and closely woven, + and are used for holding the finest of their flour and meal. These are + undoubtedly of Apache manufacture. Fig. 541. + +1964. (42157). Has been selected as an illustration of this class of + baskets, of which the following are examples, differing but little in + form: + + [Illustration: + Fig. 537 (42105) (1/4) + Fig. 538 (42149) (1/4) + Figs. 537, 538.--Wolpi Baskets.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 539 (42153) (1/3) + Fig. 540 (42145) (1/8) + Figs. 539, 540.--Wolpi Fruit Basket and Floor Mat.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 541 (42157) (1/5) + Fig. 542 (42160) (1/5) + Figs. 541, 542.--Wolpi Baskets.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 543 (42183) (1/6) + Fig. 544 (42199) (1/4) + Fig. 545 (42171) (1/3) + Figs. 543-545.--Wolpi Baskets.] + +1965-1971. 1965, (42158); 1966, (42159); 1967, (42160), Fig. 542; 1968, + (42162); 1969, (42163); 1970, (42164); 1971, (42165). The two last are + almost flat; the rest saucer or bowl shaped and quite deep. + +1972. (42166). Basket of coarse willow ware; platter-shaped. + +1973. (42167). Conical-shaped basket of closely woven variety. + +1974. (42168). Hemispherical-shaped basket of the same class; small. + +1975. (42169). Cylindrical basket; small. + +1976-1981. 1976, (42170); 1977, (42171); 1978, (42172); 1979, (42173); + 1980, (42174); 1981, (42175). Small cylindrical-shaped peach-baskets + made of flat yucca leaves. Fig. 545 is an illustration of that class. + +1982-1987. 1982, (42195); 1983, (42196); 1984, (42197); 1985, (42198); + 1986, (42199), Fig. 544; 1987, (42200). Examples of the same class. + +The following baskets are made from the broad leaves of the yucca, woven +or plaited crosswise in a very simple manner, and wrapped at the rims +with leaves of the same plant. The texture of the weaving is quite +coarse, not sufficiently close to hold any material smaller than corn or +fruit: + +1988-2006. 1988, (42176); 1989, (42177); 1990, (42178); 1991, (42179); + 1992, (42180); 1993, (42181); 1994, (42182); 1995, (42183); 1996, + (42184); 1997, (42185); 1998, (42186); 1999, (42187); 2000, (42188); + 2001, (42189); 2002, (42190); 2003, (42191); 2004, (42192); 2005, + (42193); 2006, (42194), are all specimens of this class well shown in + Fig. 543. + +_DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS, TOYS, ETC._ + +2007. (41706). A Shinumo blanket loom, with a blanket partly completed, + with all the fixtures and implements employed in the art of blanket + weaving. This art, however, attains its highest degree amongst the + Navajos. + +2008-2009. 2008, (41707), and 2009, (41708), are looms exhibiting + different modes of weaving. + +2010. (41709). A loom with a partly finished garment. + +2011. (41683). Fig. 546. Blanket-stick for tightening strands of + blankets during the process of weaving. After the thread is passed + through from one side to the other this stick is placed over the + thread and then firmly beaten down. The following numbers are + implements of the same kind. They are called _soo-qua_. + +2012-2020. 2012, (41684); 2013, (41685); 2014, (41686); 2015, (41687); + 2016, (41688); 2017, (41689); 2018, (41690); 2019, (41691); 2020, + (41692). + +2021. (41888). Blanket stretcher, _tu-he-que-hey_. + +2022. (41166). Reed frames, used in weaving belts and garters, called + _quey-hu-wuk-ta_. + +The following are objects of the same kind: + +2023-2027. 2023, (41667); 2024, (41668a); 2025, (41668b); 2026, (41669); + 2027, (41670). Implement to show the process of making belts. + +2028. (42372). Small notched stick used in weaving belts. + +2029-2030. 2029, (41998), and 2030, (41999). Short pointed sticks for + stretching and drying skins. + +2031. (41676). Spindle whorl, _pa-tu-he-kah_. This is a common object of + use amongst all the Pueblos. Fig. 547 is an illustration of one of + these implements, showing the shaft with spun yarn below the disk. As + previously mentioned, this spindle whorl is almost identical with the + drill used for perforating stone and shell charms and ornaments. The + addition of a cross stick and strings, with the flint tip, are only + necessary to convert it into a drill. In both the drills and whorls + the disks are made of horn, stone, bone, and wood. For the drill see + Fig. 494. + +2032-2037. 2032, (41677); 2033, (41678); 2034, (41679); 2035, (41680); + 2036, (41681); 2037, (41682). All spindle whorls. + +2038. (41658). Bow and three arrow-shafts. + +2039. (41659). Bow. + +2040. (41660). Bundle of four arrow-shafts. + +2041-2044. 2041, (41661); 2042, (41662); 2043, (41663); 2044, (41664), + are bundles of thirty-five arrow-shafts. + +2045. (41651). Bow and six iron-pointed arrows. + +2046. (41652), (41653). Bows. + +2047. (41654). Bow and quiver. + +2048. (41655). Quiver and twenty-six iron-pointed arrows. + +2049. (41656). Child's bow and two arrows. + +2050. (41720). Boy's bow with two arrows. + +2051. (41976), Fig. 548. Stick used for hunting rabbits; it is in the + form of a boomerang. + +2052-2055. 2052, (41977); 2053, (41978); 2054, (41979), Fig. 549; 2055, + (41980). Same objects as the last. In the Zuni tongue this stick is + called _kle-[-a]n-ne_, and in Shinumo _pu-wich-he-cu-he_. + +2056. (41924). Saddle-tree. + +2057. (41925). Stirrups, _pu-tut-hum-pee_. + +2058. (41119). Sinch hooks, _cu-rah-bat-tow_. + +2059. (42000). Wooden hoe, made in imitation of European hoe. + +2060. (41693). Wooden forceps, _wat-cha_. + +2061. (41909). Pronged stick for rake, called _ta-wish-wy-lah_. See Fig. + 550. + +2062-2063. 2062, (41916), and 2063, (41917). Small yoke-shaped + implements for drying the skins of small animals by stretching the + skin over them. + +2064. (41863). Wooden treasure-box, of which the following numbers refer + to specimens, and which are well shown in Figs. 552 and 554: + + [Illustration: + Fig. 546 (41683) (1/10) + Fig. 547 (41676) (1/7) + Fig. 548 (41976) (1/5) + Fig. 549 (41979) (1/5) + Figs. 546-549.--Wolpi Wooden Implements.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 550 (41909) (1/10) + Fig. 551 (41178) (1/5) + Fig. 552 (41866) (1/5) + Fig. 553 (41191) (1/3) + Fig. 554 (41865) (1/6) + Figs. 550-554.--Wolpi Implements.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 555 (41931) (1/6) + Fig. 556 (41926) (1/6) + Fig. 557 (41932) (1/5) + Fig. 558 (41940) (1/5) + Figs. 555-558.--Wolpi Dance Ornaments.] + +2065-2069. 2065, (41864); 2066, (41865); 2067, (41866); 2068, (41867); + 2069, (41868). + +2070. (41985). Baby cradle, with hoops over the head for net work; made + of slats, _mu-hu-tah_. + +2071. (41986). Baby cradle made of willow work. + +2072. (41987). Cradle without top. + +2073. (41988). Toy cradle, of basket work. + +2074. (41989). Toy cradle of boards. + +2075. (41710). Toy whirligig, made of a disk with two holes through + which strings are passed. + +2076. (41711). Specimen of Indian corn. + +2077-2078. 2077, (41715), and 2078, (41716). + +2079. (41694). Paint toy, of wood, _tat-chi_. + +2080. (41695). Bird snares, made of small sticks like the ramrod of a + gun, arranged with horse hairs, _wa-wa-shi_. + +2081. (42371). Bunch of very small reed-like grass, called + _nen-a-wash-pi_ or rain broom. + +2082-2083. 2082, (41889), and 2083, (41890). Whirling sticks. + +2084-2886. 2084, (41177); 2085, (41178); 2086, (41179). Specimens of a + peculiar drum-stick in general use by the Shinumo, Zuni, and other + Pueblo Indians. It is made from a stick, one end of which is shaved + off sufficiently to admit of bending the end thus shaved round in the + form of a hoop, and then tightly securing it. The hoop portion is used + in beating the drum. Fig. 551 is an illustration of one of these + drum-sticks. + +2087. (41180). Calabash, or gourd, for holding food or water. + +2088-2090. 2088, (41181); 2089, (41182); 2090, (41183). Ordinary forms + of the same vessel. + +2091. (41191). Gourd, perforated, with a staff through the center, + painted in many colors; held on a pole in dances. See Fig. 553. + +_ORNAMENTAL OBJECTS._ + +2092. (41926). Is a flat piece of wood about twenty inches long and five + in width, with a notched handle at the lower end. Two bunches of + feathers are attached to each edge of it, and a bunch at the top. The + form of the ornamentations is shown in Fig. 556; the colors employed + in these ornamentations are brilliant red, yellow, blue, and black. + The entire design is intended to represent the body of a human being. + These objects are carried in the hand in their dances. + +2093-2097. 2093, (41927); 2094, (41928); 2095, (41929); 2096, (41930); + 2097, (41931). These are other examples which are well represented in + Fig. 555. + +2098-2100. 2098, (41932), Fig. 557; 2099, (41933); and 2100, (41934), + are sticks, carried in the main dance. They represent lightning. + +2101-2102. 2101, (41935), and 2102, (41936). Small notched sticks, + ornamented with blades of grass and wild-turkey feathers; carried in + the dance. + +2103-2106. 2103, (41937); 2104, (41938); 2105, (41939); 2006, (41940). + Wooden objects highly colored with various devices depicted on them. + These are worn on the head in dances. Mowers are represented on some; + on others, the human face, &c. Fig. 558, an illustration made from one + of them. + +2107-2108. 2107, (41941), and 2108, (41942). Small frames, over which + canvas is stretched, to the edges of which are attached various small + ornaments; used in dances. + +2109. (41943). Small hoop with canvas stretched over it, on which are + painted five small objects like stars, used in dances. + +2110. (41944). Leather dance-mask, painted. + +2111. (41945). Dance-mask. + +2112. (41946). Pair of split horns worn in dances. + +2113. (41947). Head-dress made in the form of scallops. + +2114. (41948). Head-dress of painted sheep-horns. + +2115. (41949). Head-dress crown made of basket-ware, to which are + attached three projections intended for horns, Fig. 559. + +2116. (41950). Corn-husk ornament for the dance. + +2117-2118. 2117, (41671), and 2118, (41972). Wooden objects made in + imitation of a sun-flower, with zigzag or snake-like sticks attached + to them, which are used as ornaments in the corn dance, called + _pah-wah_. + +2119-2120. 2119, (41673), and 2120, (41674). Shuttle-cocks, made by + inserting the ends of two hawk-feathers in a small block. They are + carried in dances. + +2121. (42042). Dance-rattle made from a small gourd, embellished in + colors of black, red, and white. The gourd is perforated at each side, + through which a stick is passed for a handle, cross S's on each side. + See Fig. 562. + +2122. (41982). Notched stick, with shoulder blade of sheep or deer, for + musical instrument. See Fig. 561. + +2123-2124. 2123, (41983), and 2124, (41984). Notched sticks without the + bone. + +2125. (41701). Dance ornaments, called _tau-ah-qu-la_, made by attaching + semi-circular sticks or hoops to a small pole; ornamented with colors. + +2126-2129. 2126, (41702); 2127, (41703); 2128, (41704); 2129, (41705), + are ornaments of the same character as the preceding. + +2130. (41857). Painted gourd-rattle for dances, of which the following + numbers are specimens variously ornamented: + +2131-2135. 2131, (41858); 2132, (41859); 2133, (41860); 2134, (41861); + 2135, (41862), of which the illustration of the latter is an example. + See Fig. 560. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 559 (41949) (1/6) + Fig. 560 (41862) (1/3) + Fig. 561 (41982) (1/6) + Fig. 562 (42042) (1/2) + Fig. 563 (41752) (1/4) + Fig. 564 (41877) (1/4) + Fig. 565 (41922) (1/4)) + Figs. 559-565.--Wolpi Head-dress, Ornaments, &c.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 566 (41959) (1/5) + Fig. 567 (41953) (1/5) + Fig. 568 (41967) (1/4) + Fig. 569 (41956) (1/5) + Figs. 566-569.--Wolpi Effigies.] + +2136. (41883). Flat wooden block, painted, for head ornament. + +2137. (41884). Cylindrical blocks, with a cup-shaped cavity in one end, + used as gaming blocks. + +2138-2139. 2138, (41885), and 2139, (41886), are specimens of this block + called _sosh-he-wey_. + +2140. (41887). Spherical grooved block, painted to represent a melon, + used in the melon dance. + +2141. (41918). Wooden top, _ree-am-pee_. + +2142. (41920). Wooden balls, probably to represent eyes. + +2143. (41921). Ball attached to the end of a painted stick, the use of + which is not known; probably used in connection with dancing + ceremonies. + +2144. (41900). Small implement of wood used as a dance ornament. + +2145. (41752). Wooden ornament for the head, worn in dancing ceremonies. + Two little leather balls are attached to the dotted end; shown in Fig. + 563. + +2146. (41754). Two small wooden balls with black ends and a white band + around the middle; a dance ornament. + +2147. (41756). Ornaments for the wrist; made of wooden rings. + +2148. (41753). A similar object, painted in various bright colors. + +2149-2150. 2149, (41881), and 2150, (41882), are slatted wooden + cylinders with conical blocks attached to them. Ornaments for dancing + ceremonies. + +2151. (41876). Wooden ball attached to slatted gourd-neck, used as an + ornament in the dance. + +2152. (41877). See Fig. 564. + +2153-2154. 2153, (41878), and 2154, (41879). Specimens varying from the + preceding only in colors. + +2155. (41922). Necklace of acorn hulls, _tuck-we-tah-qua-we_. Fig. 565. + +2156. (41923). The same kind of an ornament. + +_STATUETTES._ + +These objects vary in form, size, and decoration, the largest being +about thirty inches high, the smallest not more than five. They are +objects of worship in one form or another. The illustrations in the +woodcuts and colored plates will convey a better idea of them than could +be given in a description. They are entirely composed of wood, with +feathers and other small ornaments attached to them occasionally. + +2157. (41951). This is the largest one of these images in the + collection, very highly ornamented with bright variegated colors. See + Fig. 571. + +2158. (41952). One of these objects, differing only in size and manner + of decoration. + +2159. (41953). This is a specimen of one of these images exhibited in + Fig. 567. The form is common to many of them, showing the pyramidal + projections attached to the head, with feathered tips. + +2160-2161. 2160, (41954), and 2161, (41955). Similar objects. + +2162. (41956). Fig. 569. This exhibits a female figure with variegated + colors, and in addition to the pyramidal projections from the head has + two round sticks with a ball and crown. + +2163-2164. 2163, (41957), and 2164, (41958). Similar to Fig. 569. + +2165. (41959). Fig. 566. The general characteristics of this specimen + are the same as those already referred to, but it differs in the + arrangement of the head attachments; two rows of pyramids are shown; + the lower one is inverted; the two rows are separated by three arches; + the upper pyramids are ornamented at the tips with feathers. A + necklace of acorn hulls is around the neck, with a shell ornament + attached to it. Garters are represented at the knees. In this + specimen, as in many others, the feet are only represented by stubs. + The body is decorated to represent fancifully colored clothing. + +2166-2168. 2166, (41960); 2167, (41961); 2168, (41962). Similar to the + preceding. + +2169. (41963). This is well shown in Fig. 570. + +2270-2172. 2170, (41964); 2171, (41965); 2172, (41966). Objects of the + same character. + +2173. (41967). This specimen (Fig. 568) differs considerably in form + from those previously mentioned. As will be observed by reference to + the figure, it has a conical projection from the top of the head, + representing a hat with a feather at the top, with two short, round + blocks at the base of the hat, and two round balls to represent ears. + The skirt is of cloth. The specimen is brilliantly decorated with + paint. + +2174. (41968). Shows the form and details of carving, highly colored. + +2175. (41969). A brilliantly colored image, which is well shown in + colors in Fig. 572. + +2176-2180. 2176, (21970); 2177, (41971); 2178, (21972); 2179, (21973); + 2180, (41974), are similar objects. + + +ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. + +_HORN AND BONE._ + +2181. (40113). Large ladle from horn of mountain sheep, called + _al-ly-ku_. See Fig. 573. + +2182-2188. 2182, (41891); 2183, (41892); 2184, (41893); 2185 (41894); + 2186 (41895); 2187 (41897); and 2188 (41898). No. 2182 is a bone awl + or perforator, of which the others are examples, as shown in Fig. 575. + +2189-2192. 2189, (41990); 2190, (41991); 2191, (41992); 2192, (41193). + Goats' horns perforated with small round holes, through which arrow + shafts are passed to smooth and straighten them. Fig. 576 is an + illustration of one of them, called _hoth-quen_. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 570 (41963) + Fig. 571 (41951) + Fig. 572 (41969) + Figs. 570-572.--SHINUMO STATUETTES. 1/4 NATURE] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 573 (40113) (1/4) + Fig. 574 (41855) (1/3) + Fig. 575 (41891) (1/3) + Fig. 576 (41992) (1/4) + Figs. 573-576.--Wolpi Ladle, Rattle, &c.] + +2193-2196. 2193, (41994); 2194, (41995); 2195, (41996); 2196, (41997). + Bundles of arrow shafts. + +2197. (41855). Bunch of ox hoofs or toes used as a rattle in dances. + These same objects are frequently attached to the edges of turtle + shells for the same purpose. See Fig. 574 in Zuni collection. + +2198-2199. 2198, (41763), and 2199, (41764). Small hoops with painted + net-work stretched across them; dance ornaments. + +2200-2201. 2200, (42346), and 2201, (42347). Shell ornaments, + _ya-wag-sha-na._ + +2202. (41854). Medicine shells. + +_SKIN._ + +2203. (41737). Cap made from the skin of a panther's head, with feathers + attached to the top of it, called _pow-how-wi-ta-nah-chi_. + +2204. (41738). Head-dress made of the skin of a panther's head, so as to + preserve the natural appearance of the animal, with feather ornaments + attached. + +2205. (41740). Fur cap, ornamented with feathers. + +2206. (41743). Boy's sling, _tow-wow-kin-pi_. + +2207. (41842). Large rabbit-skin robe, made by twisting strands of + rabbit-skins with the fur attached, and then sewing the strands + together, _tah-ru-pe_. + +2208. (41843). Small robe of the same character. + +2209. (42354). Buckskin wrist-guards, faced with metal, Fig. 579. These + guards are common with nearly all tribes of Indians, and are designed + to protect the wrist from the string of bows used in war and in + hunting. + +2210. (41869). Women's buckskin leggings. + +2211. (41870). Women's buckskin leggings. + +2212. (41739). Anklet of buckskin, _pi-la-wak-chi_. + +2213. (41741). Anklet of buckskin. + +2214. (41828). A pair of men's moccasins, which the accompanying + illustration shows well. They are made of buckskin, but differ from + the usual manner of making moccasins, called _pow-chi_. See Fig. 578. + +2215. (41721). Baby's moccasins, _tow-tow-chi-we-ha_. + +2216. (41722). Pair child's moccasins, _tow-tow-chi-we-ha_. + +2217. (41723). Woman's moccasins, _tow-chi_. + +2218. (41829). Pair of child's moccasins, _pow-tow-chi-u-wez-ha_. The + following are specimens of children's moccasins: + +2219-2222. 2219, (41830); 2220, (41831); 2221, (41832); 2222, (41833). + +2223. (41755). Small gaming ball covered with goat skin. + +2224. (41745). Buckskin paint bag, beaded. + +2225. (41746). Buckskin paint bag, beaded. + +2226. (41747). Buckskin paint bag, ornamented with fringe. + +2227. (41748). Buckskin paint bag, ornamented with fringe. + +2228. (41827). Deer-skin pouch, _la-hab-ush-i-wa_. + +2229. (41657). Small deer-skin quiver and one arrow. + +2230. (41841). Buckskin embroidered with beads. + +2231. (41871). Buckskin dyed black. + +2232. (41872). Buckskin dyed black. + +2233. (41873). Buckskin dyed black. + +2234-2235. 2234, (41717), and 2235, (41719), are riding whips made of + plaited leather or raw-hide, called _wi-wa-pi_. See Fig. 580. + +2236. (41176). A flat drum, made by stretching goat-hide over a wide + hoop, and tightened by lacing crosswise around the edge with a cord of + the same hide. One side is plain, the other is decorated with a + figure, which is not interpreted. This specimen is from Shinumo, but + it does not differ from those used by many of the other Pueblo tribes. + Fig. 581. + +2237. (42351). Fig. 577. Leather wristlets, ornamented with wild turkey + feathers. + +2238-2239. 2238, (42352), and 2239, (42353), are objects of the same + kind, differing somewhat in ornamentation. + +2240. (42354). Ornamental wristlets with metal facing. + +2241. (42355). Buckskin wrist-guard, to protect the wrist from the + bowstring when shooting arrows. + +2242-2243. 2242, (42356), and 2243, (42357), are similar objects, made + of leather. + +2244. (42358). Anklets of leather or rawhide strips. + +2245. (42359). Anklets. + +2246-2247. 2246, (41749), and 2247, (41750). Leather bags for fire + stones. + +2248. (41850). Leather attachments for moccasins. + +2249. (41765). Leather gaming ball, _tat-chi_. + +2250. (41758). Leather or rawhide lash rope with rings, called + _pe-qui-sha_. + +2251. (41874). Specimen of undressed rawhide. + +2252. (41875). Rawhide bag, painted, _cah-he-ne-si-vah_. + +2253. (41844). Narrow strip of canvas, painted to represent some + fanciful feature. The following are specimens of the same: + +2254-2258. 2254, (41845); 2255, (41846); 2256, (41847); 2257, (41848); + 2258, (41849). + +_WOVEN FABRICS._ + +2259. (41834). Woven belts or sashes, of which the following are + examples, and which are well shown in colors by Figs. 582 and 583: + +2260-2269. 2260, (41713); 2261, (41803); 2262, (41255); 2263, (41823); + 2264, (41835); 2265, (41836); 2266, (41837); 2267, (41838); 2268, + (41839); 2269, (41840). + +2270. (41718). Woven waist belt, ornamented with sheep and goats' toes, + attached to the lower edge of the belt. + +2271. (41751). Head ornament of braided hair. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 577 (42351) + Fig. 578 (41828) (1/5) + Fig. 579 (42354) (1/3) + Fig. 580 (41719) (1/6) + Fig. 581 (41176) (1/6) + Figs. 577-581.--Wolpi Wristlets, Moccasins, etc.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 582 (41255) + Fig. 583 (41823) + Figs. 582-583.--SHINUMO BLANKETS. 1/4 NATURE] + +2272. (42361). Flat circular pad, composed of hair, over which the + Shinumo women wear their hair, which appears like two wheels over the + ears. + +2273. (41767). Head ornament for flower dance, called _tah-chi_. + +2274. (41769). Ornament similar to the preceding. + +2275. (41766). Maiden's hair strings for head-dress, called + _chi-ca-ha-pi_. + +2276. (41735). Rosette for head-dress in dance. + +2277. (41736) Rosette with hair tufts attached; dance ornament for the + head. + +2278. (41744). Woolen tassel, ornament for dress. + +2279. (41762). Neck ornament, with feathers attached, called + _how-wah-he-qua-wi_. + +2280. (41759). Feather charms. + +2281. (41761). Woven band for the head, called _mong-at-a_. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 584 (42365) (1/4)] + +2282. (42365). Fig. 584. Anklets, ornamented with porcupine quills; some + are beaded. + +The following are specimens of the anklets, variously ornamented: + +2283-2286. 2283, (42362); 2284, (42363); 2285, (42364); 2286, (42366). + +2287. (41742). Woman's knit leggings. + +2288. (41826). Woven hair sinch or saddle-girt, _ah-chis-clah_. + +2289. (41757). Braided lasso or lariat. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM LAGUNA. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VASES._ + +These are mostly of the usual form, though some should, probably on +account of their shape, be designated as jars. A few have the margin +undulate, and some are without any distinct neck. + +They are generally well made and very symmetrical, of white ware, with +decorations in black, brown, or red colors. + +2290. (41295). Small, with opposite handles or ears, resembling rats + peeping into the vessel; body decorated with broad oblique stripes and + figures resembling corn blades. Shown in Fig. 585. + +2291. (42382). Small, decorated with birds fighting, their feathers + ruffled. Fig. 612. + +2292. (42384). Small, with a single broad undulate band around the body, + having a white stripe in the middle marked with a row of dots. + +2293. (42385). Fig. 586. Scalloped and straight band around the neck; + body with two interlaced undulate bands, with triangles alternately in + the inclosed and upper spaces. + +2294. (42380). Red base, upright black bands in the center, with brown + band below neck, and oblique bars extending from rim downward. See + Fig. 610. + +2295. (42381a). Fig. 587. The leaves in the decorations of this piece + are probably designed to represent corn blades. There is something + about the figures here used which leads one to believe they are, in + part, at least, symbolical. + +2296. (42386). Fig. 588. Large. Large flower ornaments surrounding large + birds with crests and ruffled feathers, one in each space. The + large-billed bird may be intended for a raven; the other the + California quail. + +2297. (42387). Small margin, with images of three birds with spread + wings on it; figures of two birds, with a few small flowers covering + the body. See Fig. 611. + +2298. (42388). Small. Zigzag band around the neck; figures on the body + as in Fig. 585. + +2299. (42389). Jar-shaped; zigzag band extending on neck and shoulder; a + straight and scalloped band just below the shoulder. + +2300. (42390). No neck, broadest near the top; birds, and flowers with + stem. Small. + +2301. (41391). Without neck; birds only, small. + +2302. (42392). Without neck. Birds picking grass. Small flowers. + +2303. (42393). Scalloped margin; birds only, small. + +2304. (42394), Fig. 589. Scalloped margin. Deer, which seems to be + biting the leaves of a plant. + +2305. (42395). Fig. 590. + +2306. (42396). Jug-shaped, scalloped margin, with four bands of + crescents on the body. + +2307. (42397). Jug-shaped, with square month; zigzag line around the + neck. Scrolls and oblique diamond figures on the body; small. + +2308. (42398). Fig. 591. Ears in the form of animals peeping into the + vessel. + +2309. (42399). Small, with crude images of animals on the margin; birds + alone on the body. + +2310. (42400). Small; no neck, square mouth; image of a rabbit at each + corner on the rim; birds and checkered square on the body. + +2311. (42401). Small and similar to preceding, except that there are + only corn leaves and a little square on the body. + +2312. (41402). Similar in form to the preceding; image of an animal at + one corner only; zigzag line around the neck; double undulate line + around the body, with dots above and below. + +2313. (41403). Similar to No. 2310, except that it is more slender and + jar-shaped; image of a dog or coyote at each corner; figure of a ladle + and a diamond on the body. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 585 (41295) (1/3) + Fig. 586 (42385) (1/3) + Fig. 587 (42381) (1/4) + Figs. 585-587.--Laguna Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 588 (42386) (1/4) + Fig. 589 (42394) (1/3) + Fig. 590 (42395) (1/3) + Fig. 591 (42398) (1/3) + Fig. 592 (41298) (1/3) + Figs. 588-592.--Laguna Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 593 (41299) (1/2) + Fig. 594 (42412) (1/3) + Fig. 595 (42413) (1/3) + Fig. 596 (42409) (1/3) + Figs. 593-596.--Laguna Water Jars.] + +2314. (41404). Jar-shaped, with a round mouth, one animal on the margin; + triangular lines on the body. + +2315. (42406). Regular shaped olla of medium size; large figure of leaf + twigs arranged in the form of a Maltese cross, surrounded on the side + by broad curved lines or stripes. + +The following are but slightly decorated: + +2316-2317. 2316, (42376), and 2317, (42378). With one or two simple + narrow bands or lines. + +2318. (42780). With slight oblique lines on the neck, and a few broad + upright lines in two groups on the body. + +2319-2320. 2319, (42379), and 2320, (42381b). Without decorations of any + kind. + +_WATER JUGS AND JARS._ + +2321. (41299). Fig. 593, Canteen with the images of four dogs or coyotes + on it. Leaf decorations. + +2322. (41300). Canteens, regular form. Irregular figures. + +2323. (42412). Fig. 594. Canteen of regular form, scalloped band, leaves + and geometrical figures. + +2324. (42413). Fig. 595. Olla-shaped canteen. The top is depressed and + ornamented with a scalloped band; immediately below this is a broad + band consisting of two plain, narrow stripes, between which is a row + of oblong figures arranged in a zigzag pattern; around the middle of + the vessel there is a sparsely serrate band, interrupted at intervals + by small circles, in each of which there is the form of a cross. + +2325. (42409). Fig. 596. The ornamentation on this piece is rather + peculiar and worthy of attention, especially the bands around the + columns. + +2326. (42411). Double pepper and salt box, square form, with two handles + side by side; birds mounted on the handles; figures of elk on the + sides and ends in procession. + +2327. (42475). Moccasin; rude. + +_PITCHERS._ + +These are well formed, evidently in imitation of those introduced by the +white population. All similar in form, with handles. White ware with +decorations; of medium size. + +2328. (41298). Shown in Fig. 592. + +2329. (42405). Diamond scroll in the upper zone; a band of triangles + with points directed upward in lower zone. + +2330. (42406). Flower or rosette in upper zone, one on each side; no + other figures. + +2331. (42407). Broad band around the neck, from which two long-pointed + triangles or acuminate figures point downwards; then another simple + straight band, and below this a zigzag band. + +2332. (42408). Scroll band around the neck; a band of hour-glass figures + around the shoulder. + +2333. (42410). With an undulate band around the bowl. + +_EFFIGIES._ + +These are of white decorated ware, and in the form of birds and +quadrupeds; the orifice being usually in the top of the head, but in +birds it is occasionally at the tail, and in the quadruped forms +sometimes in the breast. + +Birds. + +These are frequently without feet, &c.; one or two double ones are on +pedestals. + +2334-2347. 2334, (41301); 2335, (41302), Fig. 597; 2336, (41303), Fig. + 598; 2337, (41304); 2338, (41305); 2339, (42414), Fig. 608; 2340, + (42415), Fig. 599; 2341, (42418), Fig. 609; 2342, (42419); 2343, + (42423); 2344, (42426); 2345, (42427); 2346, (42428); 2347, (42429), + are all similar to that represented in the Figures; some of them are + intended to represent other birds than ducks. + +2348. (42417). Fig. 600. With two heads on a pedestal. + +2349. (42420). Two heads, but not on a pedestal; a handle on the back in + the form of a fox or dog. See Fig. 605. + +2350-2352. 2350, (42421); 2351, (42422); 2352, (42424). Similar to those + shown in Fig. 598, but the decorations are scrolls and triangular + figures. The first has a flower or rosette on the breast. + +2353. (42425). Two-headed; not on pedestal; lines, triangles, &c. + +2354. (42435). With a crest and long tail; apparently a rooster. + +Quadrupeds. + +2355. (41306). Fig. 601. This represents a sheep. The orifice is in + front of the head. + +2356-2357. 2356, (41307), Fig. 609, and 2357, (41309). These are + probably intended for sheep, but they are so rude that it is not + possible to determine with any certainty. Bark colored. + +2358. (41308). A cow; although rude, the characteristics are well given, + even to the hoofs and udder; spotted on the back and breast. Coloring + on the sides intended to represent hair. + +2359. (42430). Shown in Fig. 606. + +2360. (42431). Fig. 602. This and the preceding figure are evidently + intended to represent rabbits. + +2361-2362. 2361, (42432), and 2362, (42433). Similar to the last; + apparently intended for a figure of the ass (_Burro_), though the + spots on the former are inappropriate. The latter is decorated on the + side with the figure of another quadruped. + +2363. (42434). Animal unknown. + +2364-2365. 2364, (42436), and 2365, (42437). Animal not determinable; + decorated with spots. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 597 (41302) (1/3) + Fig. 598 (41303) (1/3) + Fig. 599 (42415) (1/2) + Fig. 600 (42417) (1/3) + Figs. 597-600.--Laguna Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 601 (41306) (1/3) + Fig. 602 (42431) (1/3) + Fig. 603 (42438) (1/3) + Fig. 604 (42444) (1/3) + Figs. 601-604.--Laguna Effigies.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 605 (42420) + Fig. 606 (42430) + Fig. 607 (41307) + Fig. 608 (42414) + Fig. 609 (42418) + Figs. 605-609--LAGUNA POTTERY. 1/3 NATURE. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 610 (42380) + Fig. 611 (42387) + Fig. 612 (42382) + Fig. 613 (42473) + Fig. 614 (42469) + Fig. 615 (42471) + Figs. 610-615.--LAGUNA POTTERY. (1/[illegible]) NATURE.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 616 (41297) (1/2) + Fig. 617 (42452) (1/3) + Figs. 616, 617.--Laguna Eating Bowls.] + +2366-2371. 2366, (42438), Fig. 603; 2367, (42439); 2368, (42440); 2369, + (42441); 2370, (42442); 2371, (42443). Antelope and elk. The first is + evidently an antelope, and possibly the third and fifth. The rest are + certainly elk. Decorations simple. + +2372. (42444). Probably a dog or coyote, with scrolls and diamond + figures. See Fig. 604. + +2373. (42445). Probably a horse. + +Human figures--dolls. + +2374-2377. 2374, (42447); 2375, (42448); 2376, (42449); 2377, (42450). + Females; simple. + +2378. (42446). Is a pretty fair representation of a chair. + +_EATING BOWLS._ + +The Laguna bowls are mostly of two sizes, either large or small. The +former are eating bowls and are of the general form, or perhaps more +hemispherical than usual. The small ones vary in shape from the +preceding form to that of a flat-bottomed basin. The decorations present +but little similarity to those we have previously described from other +tribes; white ware with colored decorations. + +Small bowls. Decorations all external: + +2379. (41296). Square mouth, with two sides somewhat flattened. Scrolls + and leaf-like figures on the outside. + +2380. (41297). Fig. 616. Shown in the figure. + +2381. (42451). Basin-shaped, with a handle on one side and a lip on the + other; simple marginal and basal band with oblique lines. + +2382. (42452). Fig. 617. Same form, with handle on which is seated some + animal, apparently a dog, no lip. Band of diamond figures with central + spaces. These two are the only specimens which have handles. + +The following are quite small, basin-shaped, decorated with leaflike +figures: + +2383-2388. 2383, (42453); 2384, (42454); 2385, (42457); 2386, (42458); + 2387, (42459); 2388, (42460). + +The two following are small, of regular form: + +2389. (42455). With two zigzag lines around the body. + +2390. (42456). With geometrical figures. + +Large bowls. + +2391. (41265). No external decorations; radiating lines and large spaces + inside. + +2392. (42474). Inner zigzag marginal line as on Zuni bowls; outer + decorations also somewhat like the usual triangular figures on the + Zuni bowls. + +The following are without inner decorations: + +2393-2395. 2393, (42466); 2394, (42468); 2395, (42472). With broad band + of geometrical figures; the first with a narrow scalloped band + bordering the large band below. + +2396-2397. 2396, (42461), and 2397, (42473), Fig. 613. With irregular + geometrical figures; no band. + +2398. (42469). With diamond marginal band; irregular figures below. Fig. + 614. + +2399. (42470). The large circular scroll with irregular figures; no + band. + +2400. (42471). Scalloped circle with a square in it, and leaf-like + figures. Fig. 615. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM ACOMA. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VASES._ + +There are but few pieces of this pottery, yet a careful examination of +these since my return increases my desire to procure more. The Acoma +bears a strong resemblance, especially in the ornamentation, to that +from Laguna. All that was obtained was of white ware with decorations in +color. In this pottery, in most cases where animals are figured, they +have a base or ground on which to stand. + +2401. (39578). Medium size, figures of birds, ant-hills, and cactus. No + band on the neck. + +2402. (39581). Fig. 618. + +2403. (39582). Very pretty specimen, quite symmetrical, broad + jar-shaped, a scalloped band on the neck with little tassels suspended + from it, possibly intended to imitate fringe. Large triangles on the + body pointing to the right, each tipped with a flower. + +2404. (39730). Small scalloped band around the neck similar to Fig. 624. + +2405. (41310). Large double band of triangles on the neck; body with a + band of large diamonds, or squares placed as diamonds, with checkered + centers and crescents. + +2406. (41313). No band on the neck; birds and ant hills. + +2407. (41314). No band on neck; large elk and some irregular figures. + +2408. (41315). No band on neck; bird on the ground amid leaves and + flowers. + +2409. (41316). Fig. 619. The ornamentation on this is more than usually + spirited. + +2410. (41318). Scalloped margin, no neck-band; belt of large open + diamonds around the body, each upper corner capped with three leaves. + See Fig. 621. + +2411. (41317). Large size; a double band of crescents around the neck; + then on the shoulder an arched band with a central stripe of diamonds; + below this a double line of inverted crescents, and below this a large + three-leafed plant. See Fig. 620. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 618 (39581) (1/4) + Fig. 619 (41316) (1/4) + Figs. 618, 619.--Acoma Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 620 (41317) + Fig. 621 (41318) + Fig. 622 (42377) + Figs. 620-622.--ACOMA POTTERY. 1/5 NATURE.] + +2412. (42378). Plain. + +2413. (42383). Small, with lines of outline crescents around the body. + +2414. (42377). See Fig. 622. + +_PITCHERS._ + +White decorated ware with handles: + +2415. (41311). Regular form, of medium size, with a broad zigzag band + around the neck and another around the body. The latter has in each + large fold something like an arrow-head with point broken off. + +2416. (41312). Olla-shaped neck with snort oblique bands; body with + large and small triangles. + +_EATING BOWLS._ + +The following specimens are small: + +2417. (42461). Shaped exactly like the small soup bowl in use at the + present day among the whites; with foot encircled by a vine with + well-formed leaves. A pretty piece. + +2418. (42462). Regular form, with an outline zigzag band. + +2419. (42463) and (42464). Very small, conical in shape, the former + marked with slender lines running around it, the latter with dots. + + + + +COLLECTION FROM COCHITI. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VESSELS._ + +Size: height 6 to 9 inches, diameter 6 to 15 inches. + +These are of the same form as those of Zuni, but the curves and outlines +are much more graceful, and there is a delicacy in the finish which +places them above the Zuni pottery and indicates a greater freedom and +confidence in the ceramic artist. The rim is often slightly flared, the +neck more distinct and regularly formed. + +The only figure given of this interesting group is not one of the +regularly formed specimens. They are all white ware with decorations in +black. + +2420. (39501). Scalloped band around the neck; body divided into three + compartments by upright double lines with rosette in one and twigs in + the others. + +2421. (39502), Pueblo or terraced figures around the body bordered by an + undulate line below. This is of special interest. + +2422. (39503). Decorated with sunflower, the stem and leaves on the + body; straight and undulate lines around the neck. + +2423. (39504). Decorated with straight and undulate bands. + +2424. (39505). With figures of birds on the neck; and a tolerably well + executed true meander or Greek fret around the body. Evident imitation + of European pattern. + +2425. (39506). Straight and undulate lines on the neck, triangle + pointing downwards, leaves and insects on the body. + +2426. (39509). Depressed; with rosettes and geometrical figures on the + upper half of the body. + +2427. (39634). Globular in form, without neck; scalloped marginal band; + figures of chickens on the body. + +2428. (39731). Fig. 624. Small size. + +2429. (39733). Small size, similar in form to the preceding, with + scalloped band around the neck, and scalloped arches on the body. + Shown in Fig. 623. + +Globular vessels with handles, used for holding water. These are of two +forms: those which are almost or quite spherical, with wide month at the +top; and those which resemble tea-pots, and open through a spout in the +form of the head of a bird or other animal. These are sometimes +globular, with opening at the top. Size shown in the illustrations. + +2430. (39557). Undulate band around the margin; figures of fish on the + body. + +2431. (39558). Undulate line round the margin; figures of deer, bird, + and fruit. + +2432. (39559). With figures of triangles and leaves on the body. + +2433. (39560). With head of a bird projecting from one side; marked with + outline triangular and lunar figures on the body. + +2434. (39561). Head of an animal projecting from one side. + +Canteen-shaped vessels, with openings through a spout in the form of the +head of some animal. In some instances, where these are in the form of a +bird with the head for a spout, at the opposite end or side is the +representation of a tail, but often the latter is wanting. Handle +single, and usually on the top, unless otherwise specially mentioned. + +2435-2436. 2435, (39563), and 2436, (39567). These are bird-shaped, with + simple meander bands round the neck, and procession or herd of sheep + or goats on the body. Head and tail shown. The former is seen in Fig. + 625. + +2437. (39564). Form of a bird without tail; decorations simple. + +2438. (39565). Shown in Fig. 626. + +2439. (39568). Bird without tail; figure of an Indian with a gun in his + hand, leading a calf followed by a cow. + +2440. (39569). Bird with rude tail; figures of fishes and bird and a + scalloped band below. + +2441. (39570). Bird without tail; feather figures on breast; oblique + checkered band to represent wing. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 623 (39733) (1/3) + Fig. 624 (39731) (1/3) + Figs. 623, 624.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 625 (39563) (1/3) + Fig. 626 (39565) (1/3) + Figs. 625, 626.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 627 (39573) (1/3) + Fig. 628 (39720) (1/3) + Figs. 627, 628.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 629 (39725) (1/3) + Fig. 630 (39511) (1/3) + Figs. 629, 630.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 631 (39717) (1/3) + Fig. 632 (39721) (1/3) + Figs. 631, 632.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 633 (39718) (1/3) + Fig. 634 (39714) (1/3) + Figs. 633, 634.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + +2442. (39571). With two heads opposite, handle crosswise between them; + serrate bands around the necks; figures of birds on the body. + +2443. (39572). Representing a double-headed duck, with a single tail at + opposite end; square handle; outline flower or rosette on the body. + +2444. (39573). Form and decorations shown in Fig. 627. Probably intended + for a dog. + +2445. (39574). Form like preceding; decorations, fish, and grass; latter + well shown. + +2446. (39575). Similar in form to preceding, but with the fore-legs + added. Decorations, collar or band around the neck and fish, on the + body. + +2447. (39579). Without handle, canteen-shaped, with dark head on one + side; decorated with flowers and birds. + +2448. (39696). Bird's head on top, tail present, no handle; jug-shape; + feather on back, scrolls and flower on the side. + +2449. (39697). Animal's head; no tail; open on top as well as through a + spout; scalloped margin; birds and twigs on the body. + +2450. (39698). Similar in form to the preceding, and with similar + decorations. + +2451. (39699). Similar in form, but not open on top. Man, boy, and + birds, with lines or shading to represent the ground. + +2452-2458. 2452, (39701); 2453, (39713); 2454, (39715); 2455, (39720); + Fig. 628; 2456, (39725), Fig. 629; 2457, (39727); 2458, (39730). These + are somewhat of bird form, with globular body and without tail. Nos. + 2455, 2456, and 2457 are open on top, the others are not. Decorated + with figures of birds, and sometimes flowers or twigs. The bird + figures on No. 2453 (39713) are evidently intended for turkeys. This + is without handle, and open at the top. + +2459. (39700). Bird without tail; figures of deer and some other animal, + also trees. + +2460. (39703). Duck-shaped, without tail; rude figures of animals and + birds. + +2461. (39511). Fig. 630. + +2462. (39704). Bird-shape, no tail; outline figures of Indians. + +2463-2465. 2463, (39706); 2464, (39712); 2465, (39721), Fig. 632. Usual + bird form as shown, and with similar animal figures. + +2466. (39705). Resembles specimen shown in Fig. 629. + +2467-2468. 2467, (39707), and 2468, (39708). Same form; decorations in + outline, former of plants, latter of animals; rude. + +2469. (39709). Same form; figure of an Indian chasing a deer. + +2470-2471. 2470, (39710), and 2471, (39717). Fig. 631. Decorated with + figures of fish. + +2472. (39711). Usual form; oblique; double serrate band and figures of + fish. + +2473. (39714). Fig. 634. + +2474. (39718). Fig. 633. + +2475. (39719). Fig. 635. + +2476. (39722). Fig. 636. This belongs to the globular group above + described. + +2477. (39723). Similar to the preceding and belongs to the same group; + with figures of sheep and fish. + +2478. (39724). Fig. 637. + +2479. (39726). Fig. 638. A true canteen. + +2480. (39728). + +2481. (39729). Fig. 639. + +2482. (39508). Bird with tail more elongate in form than usual. Oblique + checkered band on the side. + +2483. (39514). Similar to water jars in the form of birds, and without + handles. + +2484. (39562). Fig. 640. + +2485. (39515). Rosette of leaves on the back; tail well formed, probably + represents the dove. + +2486. (39516). No head, merely a spout; decorations simple. + +2487. (39517). Evidently intended for a hen. + +2488. (39518). Fig. 642. + +2489. (39584). Simulates a hen; feathers on the back, deer on the sides. + +2490. (39585). With handle, wings rudely figured. Shown in Fig. 641. + +2491. (39586). Similar in form to No. 2480; wings represented by figure, + behind them the figures of a bird, evidently a duck, resembling the + head of the vessel. Of the usual tea-pot shape. + +2492. (39583). Without handle, canteen-shaped; open on top, with head + apparently of turtle on one side: decorations, bird and rosette. + +2493. (39580). Fig. 643. Simple jar. + +2494. (39576). Fig. 644. Figure of a priest. + +2495-2496. 2495, (39777), and 2496, (39778). Simple water jars of black + ware, pitcher-shaped, with slight projection on the body for handle. + These were evidently obtained from some other tribe. + +_EATING BOWLS._ + +There is but one specimen of Cochiti manufacture in the collection. + +2497. (39512). Of ordinary shape; white ware, decorated with black on + the inside only; a central ring with radiating corn-leaf figures. + +_ORNAMENTS, EFFIGIES, AND TOYS._ + +All small. White ware, slightly decorated unless otherwise specified. + +2498. (39520). Head of some animal too rude to identify. + +2499. (39521). Double-headed bird figure on a pedestal. + +2500. (39526). Black ware. Sitting annual; very rude. + +2501. (39527). Black ware. Probably jack-rabbit; handle at the back. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 635 (39719) (1/3) + Fig. 636 (39722) (1/3) + Figs. 635, 636.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 637 (39724) (1/3) + Fig. 638 (39726) (1/3) + Figs. 637, 638.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 639 (39729) (1/3) + Fig. 640 (39562) (1/3) + Figs. 639-640.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 641 (39585) (1/3) + Fig. 642 (39518) (1/4) + Figs. 641, 642.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 643 (39580) (1/3) + Fig. 644 (39576) (1/3) + Figs. 643, 644.--Cochiti Water Vessels.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 645 (39857) (1/2) + Fig. 646 (39825) (1/3) + Fig. 647 (39824) (1/3) + Figs. 645-647.--Cochiti Effigies.] + +2502. (39528). Black ware. Young birds. The three last mentioned are + most likely from some other pueblo. + +2503. (39824). Fig. 647. Black ware. + +2504. (39825). Fig. 646. Black ware. + +2505-2506. 2505, (39826), and 2506, (39827). Similar grotesque figures + of black ware. + +2507. (39854). Double-headed figure of a bird on pedestal. + +2508. (39855). Bird on pedestal; ruffled back. + +2509-2518. 2509, (39856); 2510, (39857), Fig. 645; 2511, (39858); 2512; + (39859); 2513, (39860); 2514, (39861); 2515, (39769); 2516, (39775); + 2517, (39883); 2518, (39862), are figures of birds on pedestals, + except No. 2514, which is the figure of a little duck, and probably is + a toy water vessel. + +2519. (39524). A toy cup or basket in the shape of an olla, with handle, + the figure of the little water insect or worm appears on this, the + only instance in the Cochiti pottery. + + + + +COLLECTION FROM SANTO DOMINGO. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VESSELS._ + +There are but nine pieces of this pottery, and all but two of these are +small images or drinking vessels in the form of birds. + +2520. (39510). A double globe jar or canteen. White ground, with + ornamentations in black, as seen in Fig. 649. Depression in the center + is probably designed to receive a band or cord to carry it with. + +2521. (39513). Large black bowl; no ornamentation. + +Images of black ware; two pieces; a bird on pedestal and a quadruped. + +2522-2523. 2522, (39652a); 2523, (39652b). + +2524-2525. 2524, (39653), and 2525, (39654). Human images, very rude. + +2526. (39658). Bird on pedestal. + +Small drinking vessels in the form of birds. White ornamented ware. + +2527. (39655). With four rows of dots on the side; no tail. + +2528. (39656). With handle; tail and neck ornamented. + +2529. (39657). No ornamentation except a line or two and some dots on + the head. Fig. 648. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM TESUKE. + + +ARTICLES OF STONE. + +_METATES, MORTARS, ETC._ + +2530. (39809). Stone metate for grinding grain, brown sandstone. + +2531. (39810). Quartzitic stone mortar for grinding mineral pigment. + +2532. (39811). Quite small mineral pigment mortar of quartz rock. + +2533. (39821). Gaming ball of fine-grained sandstone. + +2534. (42215). Discoidal quartz pounder. + +2535. (42341). Fig. 650. Paint mortar. This mortar was made from a + somewhat rounded sandstone boulder by grinding out a cavity. In the + cut, which was drawn for another purpose, the pestle is represented + with a small cup-shaped cavity on one side of it, in which the fluid + pigment from the mortar was poured and used with the brush of the + artist for decorative purposes. This is the only specimen of the kind + in the collection, and the only one found where the pestle combines + the cup with it. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 650 (42341) (1/3) + Fig. 648 (39657) (1/2) + Fig. 649 (39510) (1/3) + Figs. 646-649.--Santo Domingo Canteen and Effigy.] + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VASES._ + +This group, though comparatively small, contains some of the largest and +grandest pieces in the entire collection, some of the vases being twenty +inches in height and twenty-two in diameter, having a capacity of ten +gallons. It consists of white ware with decorations in black, bearing a +strong resemblance to that of Cochiti, brown micaceous, and polished +brown ware without ornamentation, and black ware without ornamentation. + +Tinajas or vases. Well formed and similar in shape to those from +Cochiti. + +2536. (39507). With oblique diamond figures on the neck, and geometrical + figures on the body. + +2537. (39520). Upper half only decorated with rude figures of leaves and + twigs. + +2538. (39523). Similar to the preceding. + +2539. (39525). Without neck; a broad and true meander band around the + middle, with three-leaved flower above and below on each coil. + +2540. (39530). Neck ornamented with a straight and an undulate line; + body as in No. 2539. + +2541. (39531). With rosette and triangular figures somewhat similar to + those on Zuni ollas. + +2542. (39532). Decorations similar to those on Cochiti olla, No. 2421. + +2543. (39801). Covered; a beautiful specimen, probably the most chaste + and artistic of the entire collection. + +2544. (39533). Fig. 651. Similar to the preceding. + +2545. (39534). Serrate band around the neck; body with broad band and + large circular spaces, each having four dark indentations. + +2546. (39542). Neck with straight and undulate lines and short sigmoid + figures; body with figures of a plant. + +2547. (39549). Neck similar to the preceding; body with a zigzag line + dotted along the upper side, and small ovoid spots above and below it, + one in each indentation. + +2548. (39635). Plain black, polished, large. + +2549. (39639). Like the last. + +2550. (39660). Large size; dotted line around the neck; heavy band + around the shoulder, with sharp and long serrations pointing downward; + body with alternate ornamental ovals and four-pointed stars. + +2551. (39661). Straight and undulate lines around the neck; body divided + into spaces by broad, double-scalloped, perpendicular stripes, having + the middle white with an undulate line in the white portion; the + intermediate spaces have a sun-shaped figure in the upper corner, from + which a double serrate stripe descends obliquely. + +2552. (39664). Birds and undulate line on the neck; a straight line with + ring dots on the shoulder, broad meander band, with triple leaf + ornament around the body. + +2553. (39665). Neck with meander as in the preceding; a slender vine, + well made, around the body. + +2554. (39682). Rather slender; undulate margin; vine around the neck; + body with broad band of three-leaved flowers. + +2555. (39683). Neck with straight and undulate lines; body with undulate + line terraced above as heretofore described, but above this is a row + or band of small distinct ovals. + +2556. (39685). Black, without ornamentation. + +2557. (39686). Large bowl-shaped olla, without neck, decorated with + vine, cross, scrolls, &c. + +2558. (39687). + +2559. (39740). Upper half with marginal scalloped band, from which hang, + obliquely, leaves with bent spines on their margin; below this a + serrate and then a double straight line. + +2560. (39741). Squatted in shape. Vine with leaves around the middle of + the body. + +2561. (39772). Small; slender vine around the neck, dotted line around + the shoulder, and three-leafed vine around the body. + +2562. (39773). With flaring rim; scalloped band around the margin; + regular zigzag line around the shoulder, from each lower point of + which descend plants. + +2563. (39789). Same decorations as No. 2539, but of the regular form. + +2564. (39800). Small scalloped lines around the body. + +2565. (39802). Brown, without ornamentation. + +2566. (39803). + +2567. (39805). + +2568. (39806). Fig. 652. + +2569. (39813). Fig. 654. + +2570. (39814). + +2571. (39815). Neck colored, with a white zigzag line running through + it; body with curious, large leaf-like ornaments of an angular shape. + +2572. (39817). With similar leaf-like figures, but narrower and + differently arranged. Shown in Fig. 653. The piece is injured, and the + cords seen in the figure were tied about it by the natives to keep it + from, going to pieces. + +2573. (39816). With a large zigzag band around the upper half of the + body, terraced above and below. + +2574. (39818). Very large and beautiful specimen, decorated on the body + somewhat like some of the Zuni pottery. The large circular scrolls are + formed of a vine with leaves on the outer side. There are but few of + the triangular figures seen in the Zuni piece; there is a regular and + true serrate marginal band; below this on the neck a broad band with + diamond spaces. + +2575. (39819). With a broad band around the neck composed of squares + placed obliquely, with an oblong white space in each; body with a + simple, narrow, straight band or double line. + +2576. (39822). Large scalloped band around the neck, a little leaf + pendant from each point; the body with alternate large stars and + ornamental diamonds. + +2577. (39823). This has the rim slightly flaring, a scalloped band and + leaves around the neck; the body profusely decorated with geometrical + figures. This belt is divided into four spaces, in each of which there + is a checkered, terraced pyramid pointing downward; the lower part and + sides of each space is occupied with triangular and sagittate figures. + +2578. (39868). Small; neck with a row of ovals; the shoulder with a true + herring-bone band; a vine with spiny leaves around the body. + +2579. (39865). + + [Illustration: + Fig. 651 (39533) (1/4) + Fig. 652 (39806) (1/5) + Figs. 651, 652.--Tesuke Water Vases.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 653 (39817) (1/3) + Fig. 654 (39813) (1/3) + Figs. 653, 654.--Tesuke Water Vases.] + +_WATER JUGS AND JARS._ + +2580. (39812). Plain double-bellied water bottle of micaceous ware. See + Fig. 655. + +2581. (39834). + +2582. (41366). Water jug. Fig. 519. + +2583. (39790). Jar or urn of white ware, with two handles ornamented + with the usual meander. + +_PITCHERS._ + +2584. (39745). A regular well-formed pitcher, with proper lip and + handle. White ware ornamented with serrate lines, triangles, and + circle. The only one from this tribe. + +_EATING BOWLS._ + +The Tesuke bowls vary considerably in form, some having the slope +straight, others flaring and of the usual form, others biscuit-shaped. +No large specimens were obtained. + +2585. (39613). Usual bowl-shape, with flaring margin; no external + decorations; inner surface with circular scrolls. + +2586. (39647). Biscuit-shaped, with broad meander band externally; no + decoration internally. + +The following are similar in form and decoration: + +2587-2590. 2587, (39666); 2588, (39669); 2589, (39788); 2590, (39648). + Outside plain; inner marginal band a slender vine. + +The following numbers are plain, of brown micaceous ware, +biscuit-shaped, small: + +2591-2593. 2591, (39667); 2592, (39668); 2593, (39835). + +The following are of the same ware, platter-shaped: + +2594-2599. 2594, (39672); 2595, (39678); 2596, (39679); 2597, (39680); + 2598, (39681); 2599, (39792). + +2600. (39793). Square. + +2601. (39797). Regular bowl-shaped, with foot. + +2602. (39673). Biscuit-shaped, with band of straight and undulate lines. + +2603. (39674). No outer decorations; inside with radiating serrate + lines, and leaves. + +2604. (39675). No inner decorations; on outside a marginal serrate band, + and a band of leaves around the body. + +2605. (39676). Biscuit-shaped; vine, with leaves, around the middle. + +2606. (39677). Uo outer ornaments; on inner surface a center leaf-cross, + and above this, radiating lines. + +2607. (39688). Decorated on inner surface only. A central flower and + submarginal band of oval leaves. + +2608. (39742). Biscuit-shaped; zigzag line, with two leaves at each + point on the outside. + +2609. (39743), Plain red, flower-pot shaped. + +2610. (39744). Flower-pot shaped, with zigzag lines or vines running up + and down, a leaf at each point. + +2611. (39776). Largest bowl of the group. + +2612. (39787). Regular shape; zigzag band on the outside. + +2613. (39798). Small, regular shape, with vines on the inside. + +2614. (39799). Small figures and birds on the inside. + +_COOKING VESSELS._ + +These are always plain black ware, and are of several forms. + +Pots. Shaped like the Zuni vessels. + +2615-2632. 2615, (39601); 2616, (39602); 2617, (39605); 2618, (39606); + 2619, (39607); 2620, (39608); 2621, (39611); 2622, (39670); 2623, + (39671); 2624, (39689); 2625, (39735); 2626, (39736); 2627, (39737); + 2628, (39738); 2629, (39794); 2630, (39795), with handle; 2631, + (39828); 2632, (39874). + +Bowel-shaped: + +2633-2635. 2633, (39603); 2634, (39604); 3635, (39615), with handle. See + Fig. 657. + +Platter-shaped: + +2636-2646. 2636, (39609); 2637, (39610); 2638, (39612); 2639, (39614); + 2640, (39690); 2641, (39691); 2642, (39692); 2643, (39693); 2644, + (39694); 2645, (39695), shown in Fig. 659; 2646, (39739). + +_TOYS._ + +2647. (39791). Ornamented bird on pedestal. + +Blackbirds on pedestals: + +2648-2657. 2648, (39804); 2649, (39807); 2650, (39808); 2651, (39820); + 2652, (39829); 2653, (39830); 2654, (39831), Fig. 656; 2655, (39832), + Fig. 658; 2656, (39833); 2657, (39836). + + +VEGETAL SUBSTANCES. + +_MEDICINES._ + +2658. (39751). _O-sha_. Root used as medicine for rheumatism, internally + and externally. + +2659. (39752). _Zerba-lobo_. Wolf root, for pulmonary complaints. + +2660. (39753). _O-cha_. Root used for rheumatism. + +2661. (39754). _Ka-cha-na_. Root, semi-medicinal and magic. To prevent + breach or wounds, and for sore eyes; external use. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 655 (39812) (1/3) + Fig. 656 (39831) (1/2) + Fig. 657 (39615) (1/2) + Fig. 658 (39832) (1/2) + Fig. 659 (39695) (1/2) + Figs. 655-659.--Tesuke Vessels.] + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM SANTA CLARA. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VASES._ + +This is all black and frequently polished ware without ornamentation. +The method of producing the black polish is explained in another part of +the catalogue. + +Bowls and ollas. Black, without ornamentation. Some of these are of +comparatively large size. + +2662-2670. 2662, (39645); 2663, (39748), Fig. 662; 2664, (39749); 2665, + (39750); 2666, (39779); 2667, (39780), Fig. 660; 2668, (39781); 2669, + (39782); 2670, (39786). A very pretty covered jar; cover with a + handle. Fig. 672. + +2671. (39838). Small with scalloped margin. + +2672. (39866). + +2673. (39629). Fig. 661. Vase with depressed band around the center; rim + forming a band; base small. + +2674. (39834). Double lobed bottle or canteen. See Fig. 671. + +_EATING-BOWLS._ + +These are of black polished ware without decoration of any kind, and of +various forms, globular, bowl-shaped, and platter-shaped or true +platters. + +Globular and small: + +2675-2676. 2675, (39556), and 2676, (39616). + +Bowl-shaped: + +2677-2678. 2677, (39617), and 2678, (39618). With flared and notched + rim. + +2679-2680. 2679, (39619), Fig. 667, and 2680, (39620). These two with + flared and scalloped rim. + +2681. (39621). A cooking vessel. + +2682-2689. 2682, (39628), Fig. 669; 2683, (39632), Fig. 663; 2684, + (39646), Fig. 664; 2685, (39633); 2686, (39636); 2687, (39637); 2688, + (39638); 2689, (39643). + +Platter-shaped: + +2690-2691. 2690, (39630), and 2691, (39640). Scalloped rim. + +2692-2698. 2692, (39641); 2693, (39642); 2694, (39646), see Fig. 664; + 2695, (39649), scalloped rim; 2696, (39784); 2697, (39785); 2698, + (39796). + +2699. (39793). Fig. 668. Small platter-shaped dish of black polished + ware. + +_COOKING VESSELS._ + +2700. (39794). Small pot, no handle. + +2701. (39795). Small pot with handle. + +2702-2705. 2702, (39623); 2703, (39626), Fig. 670; 2704, (39627); 2705, + (39629). Small pots without handles, with a constriction or + indentation around the middle. + +2706-2707. 2706, (39837), and 2707, (39840). Small pitchers with handles + and lips. + +2708. (39839). Canteen with spout and mouth above. + +_EFFIGIES._ + +Bird figures, polished, on pedestals. All similar to those shown in the +figures. + +2709-2720. 2709, (39841); 2710, (39842); 2711, (39843); 2712, (39844); + 2713, (39845); 2714, (39846); 2715, (39847); 2716, (39848), Fig. 666; + 2717, (39849), Fig. 665; 2718, (39850); 2719, (39554); 2720, (39555). + The last two are hollow, with an orifice in the back; no pedestal. + +2721. (39553). Canteen in shape of a bird; no pedestal. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM SAN JUAN. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_EATING BOWLS._ + +2722-2723. 2722, (39587) and 2723, (39588). These two with handles on + each sides. Sides straight. + +2724-2725. 2724, (39589), and 2725, (39590). Biscuit-shaped, as shown in + Fig. 675. + +2726. (39591). Platter-shaped, with scalloped margin. + +2727. (39592). Red ware, of medium size, with outer broad marginal band + of triangular figures. + +Pots. Plain, black: + +2728-2731. 2728, (39593); 2729, (39594); 2730, (39747); 2731, (39625). + Canteen-shaped, with handles or ears at or near the top; small + circular orifice. See Fig. 673. + +2732. (39650). A similar vessel of black ware, with larger orifice, the + margin of which is scalloped. Large ears or handles near the top on + each side. Bottom oval, and an impressed band around middle of body. + In some of the canteen-shaped vessels this depression is for holding + the cord with which the vessel is transported. See Fig. 674. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 660 (39780) (1/3) + Fig. 661 (39629) (1/2) + Fig. 662 (39748) (1/3) + Fig. 663 (39632) (1/2) + Fig. 664 (39646) (1/3) + Fig. 665 (39849) (1/2) + Fig. 666 (39848) (1/2) + Figs. 660-666.--Santa Clara Pottery.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 667 (39619) (1/5) + Fig. 668 (39793) (1/4) + Fig. 669 (39628) (1/4) + Fig. 670 (39626) (1/4) + Fig. 671 (39834) (1/4) + Fig. 672 (39786) (1/4) + Figs. 667-672.--SANTA CLARA POTTERY.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 673 (39625) (1/2) + Fig. 674 (39650) (1/3) + Fig. 675 (39590) (1/3) + Figs. 673-675.--San Juan Pottery.] + +2733. (39659). A jug-shaped pitcher of decorated red ware, with regular + handle neatly formed. Ornamented with a looped vine and twigs, with + leaves well drawn; neck slender and orifice with lip, but less in + proportion than in ordinary pitcher. + + + + +COLLECTION FROM JEMEZ. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +2734. (39926). Fig. 676. A very singular and pretty water vessel, + obtained at the Jemez pueblo. White ware decorated in black and brown. + It is probable that the peculiar form is given from mere fancy, and + not for the purpose of adapting it to any particular use, as it + appears to be simply a water vessel. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 676 (39926) (1/3)] + + + + +COLLECTION FROM THE JICARILLA APACHES. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +This is a light brown micaceous ware, and the pieces are all small, or +comparatively so. They consist of pots, pitchers, and cups. + +This small collection, though not obtained directly from the Jicarilla +Apaches, is attributed to them, for the reason that wherever found among +other tribes it is by them accredited to the Apaches. It is +manufactured, however, by some of the Pueblos along the Rio Grande, and +occasionally by the more western Pueblos. The party did not visit the +Apaches mentioned, and are not positively certain that they manufacture +pottery. These facts are mentioned in this connection to show that there +is some question as to the origin of this small collection. + +Vase-shaped pots: + +2735-2741. 2735, (39535); 2736, (39536); 2737, (39537); 2738, (39538); + 2739, (39539); 2740, (39540); 2741, (39544). This and the next two + have the rims scalloped. + +2742-2744. 2742, (39545); 2743, (39546); 2744, (39547). + +Pot-shaped: + +2745-2751. 2745, (39595); 2746, (39596); 2747, (39597); 2748, (39598); + 2749, (39599); 2750, (39600); 2751, (39851). + +Pitchers and cups, with handles of regular form: + +2752. (39543). Finger impressions around the middle. + +2753-2754. 2753, (39540), and 2754, (39548). Scalloped margin. + +2755. (39770). With an undulate impressed line around the middle. + +Miscellaneous: + +2756. (39852). Incense-burner, somewhat in the shape of a beaver hat, + with a rim in the form of a bird; a small orifice in the middle. + +2757. (39853). Bird image. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM OLD PECOS. + + +ARTICLES OF STONE. + +2758. (39756). Flint scraper. Rudely shaped, of hard cherty rock, flat + on the inner face, convex on the back. + +2759. (39757). An irregular square flat piece of sand-stone, on one side + of which is a small circular cup-shaped depression. + +2760. (39758a). A small mortar composed of fine-grained sand-stone, + half broken away; being of quite soft stone, it was probably used for + pulverizing food of some kind. + +2761. (39758b). Quartz mortar made from, a round water-worn boulder. + The cavity is symmetrical; diameter five inches. + +2762. (39759). Half of a cherty water-worn boulder from which flakes for + flints have been chipped. + +2763. (39760). Small round cherty boulders, frequently used in chipping + for flints, but in this instance they seem to have been used as + hammers. + +2764. (39761). Hammer made from a section of a broken rubbing or + grinding stone of calcareous rock. + +2765. (39762). Maul from broken rubbing stone or grinder, grooved at + each end; rhyolite. + +2766. (39763). Rudely shaped sinker (or what is called a sinker), + rounded at each end and grooved in center; schistose rock. + +2767. (39764). Rudely shaped chisel or celt of metamorphic schist. + +2768. (39759). Rough chipping stone; agate. + +2769. (39760). Three irregular round balls of flint-stone, flaked by + hammering. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +2770. (41771). Fragments of pottery from the old and new court, + exhibiting Spanish glaze. + +2771. (41772). Pottery fragments, decorated in colors. Old and new + court. + +2772. (41773). Ancient fragments, glazed. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 677 (40814). (1/3) + Fig. 678 (40813). (1/3) + Fig. 679 (40815). (1/4) + Fig. 680 (40816). (1/4) + Figs. 677-680.--Water Vessels from Canon de Chelly.] + +2773. (41774). Fragments of pottery from the old court, showing glaze + with white ground. + +2774. (41775). Miscellaneous fragments of pottery from various parts of + the ruins. + +2775. (41794). Fragments of pottery, showing white coating, from new + court. + +2776. (41796). Pottery fragments, showing Spanish glaze inside; new + court. + +2777. (41797). Fragments with edges chipped. + +2778. (41798). Rim pieces of black pottery were from the old court. + +2779. (41799). Fragments of red pottery from new court. + +2780. (41800). Fragments of plain pottery from both old and new courts. + +2781. (42344). Specimens of adobe mortar from the walls of the Pecos + ruins. + +2782. (42345). Specimen of same. + +2783. (42373). Chimney pots from Casa Blanca, Old Pecos. + +2784. (42374). Very large cooking pot in fragments from Casa Blanca, Old + Pecos. + + +ARTICLES OF WOOD. + +2785. (41276). Beam of wood from the old court. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM THE CANON DE CHELLY. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_WATER VESSELS._ + +2786-2789. 2786, (40813), Fig. 678; 2787, (40814), Fig. 677; 2788, + (40815), Fig. 679; 2789, (40816), Fig. 680. These pieces are white + ware, decorated with black. The colors in great part still remain, + showing that they are comparatively modern. The lines represent colors + and not indentations. + +2790. (40796). Fig. 681. Upper part broken; supposed to have been a + pitcher, as part of the handle remains. From Cliff House ruins, Canon + de Chelly. Red ware. Comparatively modern. + +The following articles are ancient ware, from the same place as the +preceding: + +2791. (40600). Small vase of white ware, probably comparatively modern. + The design, though simple, is somewhat peculiar and different from + what is usually found on pottery of the present day. See Fig. 683. + +2792. (42202). Fig. 682. Similar in form, size, and color to the + preceding; the design, as will be seen by reference to the figure, is + a common one. + +2793. (40812). Pitcher. White ware, with black decorations. See Fig. + 690. + +2794-2795. 2794, (40819), Fig. 691, and 2795, (40820), Fig. 688. + Pitchers, white; ware figured. + +2796. (40824). Very small pitcher with handle; of uncolored ware. + +2797. (42203). A very pretty pitcher of white ware, with decorations in + black, much faded, showing age, although so well and truly formed it + is evidently not modern. Fig. 692. + +2798. (40601). A round-bottomed pitcher-shaped vessel, white ware with + black lines; the colors are much faded, showing age. Fig. 689. The + design is evidently of a previous age, and we will be justified, + perhaps, in saying that it belongs to the period of transition from + the rigid lines and angles to the curves. + +2799. (40811). Fig. 687, Small pitcher, _e-musch-ton-ts[-a]n-n[-a]_, + originally of white ware; bowl uncolored. + +_BOWLS._ + +2800. (40823). Small bowl, with handle each side, white, with black + colors. Fig. 684. + +2801. (40825). A small paint-pot shown in Fig. 685. + +2802. (40857). Fig. 686. A small pot, apparently blackened by fire, + unadorned except with the spine-like projections around the lower + half; probably used for a paint-pot. + +_COOKING VESSELS._ + +2803-2806. 2803, (40817), Fig. 693; 2804, (40818), Fig. 696; 2805, + (40821), Fig. 695; 2806, (40822), Fig. 694. These are the old + corrugated ware, but with the exception of the third they do not show + the action of fire, but were probably used for cooking vessels. + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM PICTOGRAPH ROCKS. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 697 (39873) (1/4)] + +2807. (39873). Fig. 697. A corrugated pot 11 inches high and 10 inches + in diameter at the widest point. Evidently coil-made; the different + coils slightly overlap each other tile-fashion. On the inside it is + smooth and does not show the coils. It has been blackened by the fire, + the original color having been a dark slate, the natural color of + the clay. It was evidently but slightly burned at first; very ancient. + + [Illustration: + Fig. 681 (40796) (1/5) + Fig. 682 (42202) (1/3) + Fig. 683 (40600) (1/2) + Fig. 684 (40823) (1/2) + Fig. 685 (40825) (1/2) + Fig. 686 (40857) (1/2) + Figs. 681-686.--Ancient Pottery from Canon de Chelly.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 687 (40811) (1/3) + Fig. 688 (40820) (1/2) + Fig. 689 (40601) (1/2) + Fig. 690 (40812) (1/4) + Fig. 691 (40819) (1/3) + Fig. 692 (42203) (1/3) + Figs. 687-692.--Ancient Pottery from Canon de Chelly.] + + [Illustration: + Fig. 693 (40817) (1/4) + Fig. 694 (40822) (1/3) + Fig. 695 (40821) (1/4) + Fig. 696 (40818) (1/3) + Figs. 693-696.--Cooking Vessels from Canon de Chelly.] + + + + +COLLECTIONS FROM OTHER LOCALITIES. + + +ARTICLES OF CLAY. + +_MISCELLANEOUS._ + +2808. (39529). Black, polished olla, rather large; from Ponake Pueblo. + +2809. (39551). Unadorned moccasin from Pueblo of New Mexico. + +2810. (41770). Fragments of pottery, ornamented, colored, and plain, + from ruins near Pueblo of Nutria. + +2811. (41776). Fragments of plain pottery from Agricultural Camp, six + miles east of San Antonio Springs. + +The following specimens are from the same locality: + +2812-2818. 2812, (41777), painted; 2813, (41778), corrugated; 2814, + (41779), ribbed; 2815, (41780), bird's head painted on it; 2816, + (41781), painted; 2817, (41782), corrugated; 2818, (41783), ribbed. + +2819. (41784). Fragments of pottery from Old Zuni Mesa, three miles + southeast of Zuni. + +2820-2822. 2820, (41785); 2821, (41786); 2822, (41787), are fragments of + the corrugated, ribbed, indented, and decorated ware, from the Zuni + Mesa. + +2823-2825. 2823, (41791); 2824, (41792); 2825, (41793), are also + fragments of pottery from the Zuni Mesa. + +2826. (41795). Fragments of pottery from top of Zuni Church. + +2827-2829. 2827, (41788); 2828, (41789); 2829, (41790). Fragments of + ancient pottery from the environs of Wolpi. The specimens are of the + corrugated and laminated forms and are decorated in color. + +2830. (41981). Notched stick, with bone, used as musical instrument. See + description of similar objects from Wolpi. + +2831. (42224). Small wooden ladle; locality not known. + +2832. (42049). Fragment of pottery with the edges ground off, probably a + pottery trowel, from Pictograph Rocks, about sixty miles east of Fort + Wingate, N. Mex. + +2833. (42252). Fragment of pottery from Wolpi may be a charm, but likely + a pottery smoother or trowel. + +2834. (42348). Chips of jasper and fragments of pottery from mound in + Missouri, opposite St. Louis. + +2835. (42368). Handle of pottery ladle from Wolpi. + +2836. (42370). Portion of large yellow corrugated vessel from near + Wolpi. + +_STATUETTES._ + +The following numbers are specimens of statuettes, of micaceous clay, +representing human beings in various attitudes, both male and female. +They are attributed to the Cochiti Pueblos, but as they were obtained in +Santa Fe from traders, the correctness of their origin may be doubted. +They were made, however, by some of the Rio Grande Pueblos not very +remote from Santa Fe: + +2837-2858. 2837, (42001); 2838, (42002); 2839, (42003); 2840, (42004); + 2841, (42005); 2842, (42006); 2843, (42007); 2844, (42008); 2845, + (42009); 2846, (42010); 2847, (42011); 2848, (42012); 2849, (42013); + 2850, (42014); 2851, (42015); 2852, (42016); 2853, (42017); 2854, + (42018); 2855, (42019); 2856, (42020); 2857, (42021); 2858, (42022). + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + +Errata: + +Problems in Figure numbering and identification are listed separately. + +[List of Illustrations] +Figs. 460-461. Zuni effigies + _text reads "469-461"_ +Figs. 681-683. Water vessels from Canon De Chelly 420 +Figs. 684-686. Bowls from Canon De Chelly 420 + _text reads "620" for both page numbers_ + +those represented by Figs. 359, 363, 364, and ---- + _dash of omission in original_ +is impossible to give any general / description + _text reads "genera"_ +485. (40489). Plain marginal band + _text reads "maginal"_ +having reference to size, viz.: + _period missing in original_ +913, / (40357), varies in having the head of a bird. + _text reads "abird"_ +1008-1017. 1008, (40451); 1009, (40452); + _text reads "10009"_ +pottery or earthern ladles + _form "earthern" in original_ +1468-1473 ... are all fragrants of rubbers. + _so in original: "fragments"?_ +2058. (41119). Sinch hooks, _cu-rah-bat-tow_. +2288. (41826). Woven hair sinch or saddle-girt, _ah-chis-clah_. + _forms "sinch" and "girt" in original_ +2359. (42430). Shown in Fig. 606. + _text reads "Shown on"_ +2413. (42383). Small, with lines of outline crescents around the body. + _text reads "cresents"_ +Bowl-shaped: // 2633-2635. + _text reads "Bowel-shaped"_ +adapting it to any particular use + _text reads "paruticular"_ +2753-2754. 2753, (39540), and 2754, (39548). Scalloped margin. + _text reads "Scollaped"_ + +[Irregularities in Figure Identification] +Some corrections are conjectural. Numbers were only changed when there +was a discrepancy between a catalog entry and its associated Figure. + +123. (42245). Fig. 355. + _text reads "Fig. 335"_ +Fig. 370 (41146) + _text reads "40146"_ +191. (40777) ... Fig. 377. +Fig. 377 (40777) + _main text reads "40792"; figure caption reads "40797"_ +237. (39928). A jar shown in Fig. 399. + _text reads "39528"_ +288. (39887). Fig. 396. +Fig. 396 (39837) + _numbers "39887" and "39837" both appear to be wrong_ +463. (39971) + _so in original, but see no. 903 and fig. 442 below_ +The following numbers belong to the type represented in Figs. 356, 411, + and 412 .... 514[39979] - 520[40523]: + _"356" in original is wrong: "410"?_ +Fig. 419 (40189) + _text reads "40139"_ +804, (41092), shown in Fig. 434. + _text reads "Fig. 34"_ +903. (39971). Fig. 442. +Fig. 442 (39971) + _so in original, but see no. 463 above_ +Fig. 475 (41037) + _text reads "41097"_ +1167. (41218) ... Shown in Fig. 479. + _text reads "Fig. 429"_ +1336. (41725) ... Fig. 487 + _text reads "41275"_ +1378. (41807). Sash. See Fig. 501. +1379. (41808). Sash. See Fig. 502. +Fig. 501 (41808) +Fig. 502 (41838) + _correct labeling could not be deduced_ +1513. (41602). Shown in Fig. 514. + _so in original, but may be "41609"_ +Fig. 514 (41602) + _text reads "41609"; may be correct_ +1611. (41363). See Fig. 518. + _text reads "41353"_ +1615. (41366). Fig. 519. A water jar + _also listed as item 2582, with same Figure reference_ +Fig. 538 (42149) + _text reads "42129"_ +1963. (42156) ... Fig. 541. +1964. (42157) +Fig. 541 (42157) + _correct labeling could not be deduced_ +Fig. 542 (42160) + _text reads "40160"_ +2234-2235. 2234, (41717), and 2235, (41719) ... See Fig. 580. + _text reads "Fig. 550"_ +Fig. 566 (41958) + _text reads "41959"_ +2356-2357. 2356, (41307), Fig. 607 + _text reads "Fig. 609"_ +2396-2397 ... 2397, (42473), Fig. 613 + _figure reference missing in text_ +2400. (42471) ... Fig. 615. + _text reads "42473"_ +2414. (42377). See Fig. 622. + _text reads "42317"_ +2582. (41366). Water jug. Fig. 519. + _also listed as item 1615, with same Figure reference_ +2682-2689 ... 2684, (39646), Fig. 664 +2692-2698 ... 2694, (39646), see Fig. 664 + _duplicate reference as in original_ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustrated Catalogue Of The +Collections Obtained From The Indians Of New Mexico And Arizona In 1879, by James Stevenson + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE *** + +***** This file should be named 18736.txt or 18736.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/7/3/18736/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Carlo Traverso and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at +http://gallica.bnf.fr) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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