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diff --git a/18663.txt b/18663.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0054384 --- /dev/null +++ b/18663.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1956 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 2, No. 10, March 10, 1898, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 10, March 10, 1898 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: June 23, 2006 [EBook #18663] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + _FIVE CENTS._ + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 2--No. 10, March 10, 1898. No. 70. + [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + + [Illustration: A + WEEKLY + NEWSPAPER + FOR + BOYS AND + GIRLS] + + Subscription + $1.50 per year + .75 6 months + + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBL. CO. + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + =Copyright, 1898, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + + +The Great Round World + +Published Every Thursday Throughout the Year + +=Single Numbers, 5c. Each= + + * * * * * + +SUBSCRIPTION RATES: + + One year, - 52 numbers $1.50 + Six months, 26 " .75 + Foreign subscriptions 2.25 + +Numbers are bound up into four parts each year. Charge for binding, 35 +cents a part. + +Remittances should be by registered letter, or by check, express-order, +or postal-order, payable to THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING CO. + +No receipts are sent for remittances unless requested. The number on the +address label represents the number of the paper with which subscription +will expire. + +Ten days' notice should be given of any change of address. + + ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION + + =ADDRESS:= + + Great Round World Publishing Co. + =3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City= + + * * * * * + +At any of the following stores copies and bound volumes of THE GREAT +ROUND WORLD will be found on sale, and subscribers may exchange their +numbers for bound volumes: + + JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, Pa. + W. B. CLARKE & CO., Boston, Mass. + J. & R. SIMMS, 123 22d St., Chicago, Ill. + WOODWARD & LOTHROP, Washington, D. C. + PETER PAUL BOOK CO., Buffalo, N. Y. + BURROWS BROS. CO., Cleveland, Ohio. + PRESTON & ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I. + H. H. CARTER & CO., Boston, Mass. + WHITAKER & RAY CO., San Francisco, Cal. + THE ROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincinnati, O. + THE MARTIN & HOYT CO., Atlanta, Ga. + ST. PAUL BOOK & STATIONERY CO., St. Paul, Minn. + + + + Pictures of + Mythology + and + History + of .. .. + Greece + and Rome + +[Illustration] + +Being 30 of the best examples of Greek and Roman sculpture.. + + JUST THE THING FOR SCHOOLROOM DECORATION OR FOR AN + AID IN TEACHING HISTORY AND MYTHOLOGY + +=Sold in 6 Parts=, (5 PLATES EACH) =$1.50 a Part= + +_Arrangements can be made for easy payments, if desired_ + + * * * * * + +The plates are about 15 x 21 inches, and were selected and prepared by +Feodor Hoppe with the assistance of the Austrian Royal Imperial +Institute of Photography and Reproduction, and are recommended for +school use by special order of the Austrian Royal Imperial Ministry of +Education. + + Address: =The Great Round World Publ. Co.= + 3 & 5 West 18th Street .. .. .. NEW YORK CITY + + + + +THE BUCKEYE CAMERA. + +[Illustration] + +=Twelve Pictures without reloading.= "LOADED IN DAYLIGHT" + + 3-1/2x3-1/2 for films $ 8.00 + 3-1/2x3-1/2 for films and plates 9.00 + 4x5 for films 12.00 + 4x5 for films and plates 16.00 + + * * * * * + +=Send for Free Booklet.= + + * * * * * + + =E. & H.T. ANTHONY & CO.=, + + 591 Broadway, New York, + 45-47-49 E. Randolph Street, Chicago + Address: Dept. G. + + * * * * * + +Popular Handbooks Cheap + + * * * * * + +Over 400 useful, instructive, and interesting books in paper covers, for +use in home and school. Here are a few: + + CENTS + + Wilson's Exhibition Drills and Marches 30 + Ogden's Model Speeches for all School Occasions 50 + Frost's Parlor Acting Charades 30 + How to Write a Composition 30 + Parlor Tricks with Cards 30 + Hudson's Private Theatricals, (14 Popular Comedies and Farces) 30 + Ogden's Skeleton Essay 50 + Parlor Magician (100 Tricks Illustrated) 30 + Dick's Common Sense Letter-Writer 50 + Book of 500 Curious Puzzles. 30 + Dick's Recitations and Readings. A series of volumes containing + Humorous, Pathetic, Dramatic, and Sentimental pieces of Poetry, + Prose, and Dialect. 18 vols., each containing from 3 to 100 + pieces (free catalogue gives contents + of vols.), each 30 + New Plays and Entertainments. 100 plays for amateurs (free + catalogue gives description of vols.), each 15 + +Any book sent, postpaid, on receipt of price. Special rates in +quantities for schools. Most books can also be had in boards or cloth +covers. Stamps accepted. Mention "Great Round World." Address: + + DICK and FITZGERALD + 3 ANN STREET . . NEW YORK + + * * * * * + +The Everett Piano. + + =Highest Grade + Uprights, Baby and Concert + Grands....= + + WE + INVITE + INSPECTION + + =Pianos....= + RENTED AND SOLD + ON EASY + MONTHLY PAYMENTS + + =WAREROOMS= + + =141-143 Fifth Ave., near 21st St.,= + =NEW YORK= + =... Also BOSTON, CHICAGO, CINCINNATI, and ATLANTA ...= + + + + +The Great Round World + +And What Is Going On In It + + * * * * * + +Vol. II., No 10. MARCH 10, 1898 Whole No. 70 + + + * * * * * + +[Sidenote: With the Editor] + +While much that is interesting has happened this week in connection with +the _Maine_ disaster, little can be even surmised as to the final action +that will be taken by our Government. In our news columns we have given +such statements as seem worthy of repetition, but we wish our readers to +remember that unconfirmed news must not be accepted as fact. Careful +attention to the rumors and reports will, however, enable us to +discriminate between the reports published for sensational purposes and +those based upon actual information. + + * * * * * + +We have received a number of suggestions from our subscribers concerning +subjects relative to Current History that they would like to have +written up in our paper. We are very glad to receive these letters and +to provide articles to meet the demand. It is a pleasure to us to keep +in touch with our subscribers, and it is, of course, our desire to give +them exactly what they want. Let us hear from you on this subject, and +address your letter to the Assistant Editor. + + * * * * * + + + + +Answers to Correspondents + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I would like to hear about flowers and things that + grow in the woods. I was in Vermont last summer. I + went out in the woods and found a great many + mushrooms. There are twelve kinds which grow in + Holyoke. + + HOLYOKE, MASS. NEWTON R. + +Mushrooms will be added to the list. This is the first inquiry about +them. "NATURALIST." + + + DEAR NATURALIST: + + I second the motion, made in the last number of + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD by Willard P. M., to have a + book telling how to catch, tame, and care for + animals that inhabit our own woods. And I would + suggest that these animals be simply described. We + boys who are interested in our animals and birds + are in great need of such a book; it would have + helped me in any of the following cases. The + summer resort at which I have spent several + summers is infested with moles, yet for two years + I have tried unsuccessfully to obtain one alive. + Last spring I had three young crows, all of which + died, not from inattention, but because I did not + know how to care for them. Again, I have come + across animals that I could not find a name for. + For instance, last summer I came across two + animals, one that resembled a shrew, another that + looked somewhat like a mouse. Now if I had had a + book like this proposed one on hand, I would + simply have looked up its habits, would have found + its name, would have known how to tame and feed + it, and would have had a new addition to my + menagerie. At least, I could do this if the + animals were simply and plainly described as I + suggested. + + G. L. S. + + * * * * * + +Harold H. C., Cornwall.--The fastest large vessels are the new ocean +liners. Several of these have made runs of over five hundred miles in a +day. The new torpedo-boats can outstrip any of the large vessels for +short distances. Several of them have records of about thirty miles an +hour. Seals cannot breathe under water; they are obliged to come to the +surface frequently. + + * * * * * + +"B. S." asks: "For how long are foreign ministers to this country +appointed? by whom? and how are our foreign ministers appointed? and +what is their salary?" + +Foreign ministers are appointed by the head of the Government, and +generally until their successor is appointed. Our ministers are +appointed by the President; their salaries differ according to the +importance of their position. + + + + +New Books + + +In place of quoting our own reviewer in reference to the +"Thieme-Preusser German and English Dictionary," we quote a more able +critic, Dr. A. Weiss, Professor of German Language, Woolwich Military +Academy: + +"Its very appearance is inviting. A careful selection of paper and type +and a judicious arrangement of the work have made it possible to combine +the two parts in one handy volume for the sake of those who prefer a +foreign dictionary in that form. All literary requirements of our time +have been considered. Without injury to the etymological point of view, +the meanings of a word are grouped according to their frequency in +modern usage, so that obsolescent and obsolete meanings can be +distinguished at a glance by their position at the end of the article. +The new German orthography has been adopted with certain modifications +which seem to settle the points hitherto open to discussion." + +This is not the book so long on the market, but a new vastly improved +edition, and is certainly far and away the best of the moderate-priced +German dictionaries. + + + + +Current History + + +The _Maine_ disaster is to the public almost as much of a mystery as +ever. Little of absolutely reliable information has been made known, and +until something is officially stated by the court of inquiry, judgment +must be suspended. + +The court of inquiry began the investigation almost immediately after +its arrival at Havana. The sittings were held on the lighthouse tender +_Mangrove_, and lasted for a number of days; the court then adjourned to +Key West. + +The investigation has been a secret one throughout, and though the +numerous correspondents have done their best to obtain information, very +few facts have been ascertained; and fact and fiction have been so mixed +in the newspaper accounts that it is not safe to accept as final any of +the statements. + +In some foreign papers it has been hinted that the disaster resulted +from an accident due to lack of discipline on board the vessel. The +utter falseness of this statement is shown by the facts. Just think of a +crew, or what was left of it, mustering without confusion on the deck of +a sinking, burning vessel, and this vessel likely to be blown to pieces +at any moment! Could any better evidence of perfect discipline and +heroism be given? Every man took his place without comment; each order +was given quietly and coolly, and obeyed with precision. Is it possible +that an accident could have happened on that ship through lack of +discipline? + +Of course, many of the newspaper accounts have more or less foundation +in fact, for no effort is spared by their correspondents to be the first +to ascertain and report the truth. The general impression now seems to +be that no explosion in the ship originated the disaster. + +One New York paper stated that the most important evidence was given by +an officer of the _Fern_, who is said to have discovered that the keel +and armor-plates of the _Maine_ had been driven upward, this proving in +his opinion that the explosion must have occurred under the vessel. + +The correspondent of this paper also said that the ten-inch and six-inch +magazines were upset and hurled from their places in opposite +directions, and added that the forward boilers were overturned and +wrecked. There were no fires under these boilers at the time of the +explosion. Fires were under the after boilers only. + +He added, that from the discoveries of the divers there was every +indication that the explosion came from a point beneath the keel, just +forward of the conning-tower, and that this explosion drove keel, +plates, and ribs almost to the surface, the main force of the explosion +having been exerted on the port side of the vessel. + +According to this report, the ascertained facts, collectively, indicate +that the contents of the reserve six-inch magazine were exploded by the +first explosion, and that there was no explosion in either of the other +two magazines. In the reserve magazine was stowed twenty-five hundred +pounds of powder, in copper tanks, each of which contained two hundred +pounds. + +Several of these tanks have been found by the divers, all in crushed and +shapeless masses. It is important to note that in the six-inch and +ten-inch tanks recovered the excelsior used for packing the charges +shows no injury from flame or gases. + +The powder stowed in the six-inch reserve magazine was used for saluting +purposes only. The magazine itself appears to have been utterly +destroyed, only a few traces being left to show the spot where it was +once located. + +The under part of the ten-inch magazine is wholly inaccessible to +divers. In the upper part is lightly wedged a mass of powder cylinders, +too heavy for divers to extricate, but apparently containing unexploded +charges of powder. + +The Dow torpedo-tube of the _Maine_ has been located in the wreck. It +lies in the debris forward, submerged several feet under water. The +writer adds that these are the facts as he has obtained them from +sources that he believes to be entirely trustworthy and authentic. + +The careful way in which the statement is worded shows how uncertain has +been the information relative to the testimony before the board of +inquiry. As a matter of fact, on the day when this article is being +written we are very much in the dark as to what information the inquiry +is really developing. The secrecy maintained by the board is, of course, +very necessary, for at this time it is most important that, until the +facts in the case are absolutely established, our Government should do +its best to keep back any news tending to inflame public opinion. An +unconsidered and hasty step by our authorities in this matter might +plunge us into war. It will be time enough for us to think of war when +we know beyond a reasonable doubt that we have been injured by Spain and +that Spain refuses to make amends for the loss. Even if the _Maine_ was +blown up by a mine, that does not by any means prove that the Spanish +Government was guilty of the dastardly act. If Spain does what is right +toward redeeming the loss, we will have no just cause for a declaration +of war, and our Government will without doubt use every honorable means +to avoid a conflict. + +In connection with the _Maine_ disaster there was no greater example of +heroism than that of the chaplain, the Rev. John P. Chidwick,--"Father +John," as the sailors call him. + +From the first he has devoted himself night and day to his +work--spending part of his time with the poor fellows maimed and dying +in the hospital, making their hours of suffering brighter, and from this +work turning to that still more difficult task, the identification of +the dead. He was one of the last to leave the vicinity of the wreck that +terrible night. It was only after the last sailor had been picked up +that he went ashore, and only then because he could be of assistance to +the poor fellows who were suffering. Greater heroism is required to face +such scenes of suffering and death as he had to face, than is necessary +to storm a fortress in time of battle. His name will never be forgotten. + +Captain Sigsbee, too, has shown a wonderful amount of self-command in +this time of great trial. Cool and deliberate at the moment of the +disaster, he gave his orders with absolute self-possession, doing the +very best that could be done to save his ship and men. The magazines +were flooded to prevent further damage, and every available step was +taken with as much judgment as if he had had the same terrible +experience many times before. His first reports were worded with the +greatest care, for had he let slip one ill-advised remark it might have +plunged this country at once into the horrors of war. You will remember +his despatch, and how he advised the country to await facts before +forming a judgment. This despatch did more than anything else toward +making the proper investigation possible, and the final action will in +consequence be based upon facts carefully ascertained and deliberately +considered. + +The latest news with regard to the movements of the board of inquiry is +that it went to Key West for a few days only, and with the intention of +returning to Havana for further sittings. + + * * * * * + +On February 23d, Secretary of War Long completed arrangements with the +Merritt and Chapman Wrecking Company, of New York city, and with the +Boston Towboat Company, to undertake to raise the _Maine_. It was agreed +that they were to be paid $1,371 a day for their work, $871 a day for +the use of their regular appliances, and $500 a day in addition for the +use of the great floating derrick _Monarch_. On the delivery in New York +of the hull of the wrecked vessel, $100,000 will be paid. It is, +however, provided in the contract that the total cost of the work shall +not exceed $200,000. + +The question as to the amount of the indemnity to be paid for the +destruction of the _Maine_, in case Spain is held liable for the +disaster, has occasioned considerable comment in the press. It has been +asserted that the Government should demand at least $10,000,000, and +even so large an amount as $30,000,000 has by some been suggested as the +proper sum to be asked. The ship itself cost about $3,000,000, and the +fittings several millions more. The indemnity should, of course, cover +not only the material loss of the vessel, but the loss of life and the +injury done to our Government. + + * * * * * + +The divers at work on the wreck of the _Maine_ have been steadily +hampered by the difficult situation of the vessel. In the first place, +the hull is sinking into the mud at the rate of a foot a day, and a week +after the disaster the divers had to wade through mud up to their +waists. Then, too, the water is so dirty that they can hardly see below +the surface. + +Nevertheless, they have succeeded in bringing up many valuables, among +others the paymaster's safe containing $2,700. + + * * * * * + +The opinion seems to be growing that we may never be able to discover +the cause of the disaster. The fact that the forward half of the ship +has been completely destroyed adds probability to this view. The after +half, however, is reported to be practically intact. + +As for the submarine mines, it may be that their existence will also +remain problematical. A prominent naval officer has explained that such +mines consist merely of big metal cases filled with gun-cotton, and that +their explosion would blow them into atoms. + + * * * * * + +In spite of our sensational newspapers, which had done their best to +spread the "war scare," our country has acted in a thoroughly sensible +and praiseworthy manner in relation to the disaster of the _Maine_. The +best of our newspapers, moreover, had also shown a willingness to avoid +sensational news for the sake of encouraging peace. This shows that we +are a much less aggressive nation than we have hitherto been thought to +be. + +In this connection it is worth while calling the attention of the +readers of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD to the immense influence that our +newspapers may exert at a time like this. If all of the papers had +behaved as disgracefully as some have done, we might now be really on +the verge of war. + +In other words, it is of the highest importance to us as a nation, with +an absolutely free press, to have for journalists men and women who +possess not only ability, but character and discretion as well. So much +that was false was published in some of the papers that their reputation +for reliability has been entirely lost, and now no one pays very much +attention to what they say. They have certainly now a well-established +reputation as monumental liars, and this reputation will stick to them +for a long time to come. + + * * * * * + +In the minds of the public the question as to whether the _Maine_ was +blown up by accident or design seems to have reduced itself to the +question whether the harbor of Havana is fortified with subterranean +mines. + +On this point some curious evidence has been presented by an American +citizen who has just returned from Cuba, where he has been for two years +in the employ of a large importing house. His name is J. P. Sherman, and +he is a native of Chicago. In an interview recently published in a New +York paper, he stated that it is a fact well known to residents of +Havana that its harbor was fortified with both torpedo and submarine +mines by order of General Weyler. Early last spring Captain-General +Weyler engaged the services of Charles A. Crandal, an American torpedo +expert, formerly a member of the crew of the United States ship _San +Francisco_, to lay out the mine and torpedo service of the harbor of +Havana. Crandal worked at night, and during the time that he was in the +service of the Spanish Government he placed ten mines and seven +torpedoes in the harbor. + +Crandal went to Havana in the latter part of 1895, and was employed by +his firm as a packer. He stated that he had served as a marine and diver +on the United States cruiser _San Francisco_, while Capt. W. T. Sampson, +now president of the _Maine_ board of inquiry, was in command of that +vessel. + +Crandal left their employ in May of last year, and soon after said that +he had entered General Weyler's employ and was working on mines and +torpedoes. + +When General Weyler left Havana the map showing the location of these +mines and torpedoes was transferred to the custody of a spy, known +throughout Havana as Captain del Pedrio, who was seen on more than one +occasion on board the battle-ship _Maine_ in his capacity as captain of +the harbor police. + +The mines and torpedoes were connected with an electric firing plant in +the magazine diagonally across the channel from Morro Castle, and it +would have been one of the easiest things in the world for one of the +spies to have placed the switch and blown the _Maine_ out of the water. + +Weyler received in July or August a consignment of ten large casks, +which Sherman himself saw in the Custom-House shed. Crandal told him +that these contained mines, which he claimed were to be placed on the +west side of the island to prevent filibustering. When Crandal had +completed his work of placing the mines and torpedoes in the harbor he +was retained in the Spanish service, but when General Weyler was +recalled he took Crandal to Madrid with him. + +In contradiction of Sherman's statement, one of the Madrid newspapers +which is known to express the views of General Weyler declares that it +has the authority of one of the chiefs of the army, supposed to be +Weyler himself, for saying that there are no submarine mines beneath the +harbor of Havana. + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GOVERNOR'S PALACE AT HAVANA.] + +After staying for only a few days in the harbor of New York, the +_Vizcaya_ quietly sailed away to Havana. + +Her departure was a great relief to our Government, not because she was +a menace to the safety of New York, but because it was feared that harm +might come to her while she was in American waters. + +The presence of the vessel, however, in the greatest of our ports at so +critical a time made the War Department realize the importance of +protecting New York more carefully. So the United States monitor +_Terror_ was sent to New York harbor and will remain there for the +present. Work is being pushed on other war-vessels that are in the +shipyards for repair or in process of construction, as it is quite +possible that we may need our whole strength at any time. + + * * * * * + +Last week we referred to the report that a strong feeling was growing in +Washington in favor of putting an end to the Cuban war by having the +United States purchase Cuba. + +The report has reached Spain and has brought out the following despatch +from a correspondent in Madrid: + +"I have it on the highest authority that Spain will never, no matter +what government is in power, consider any such suggestion or any +compromise in Cuba beyond the broad measure of autonomy drafted by the +liberal government. + +"This is an absolute, irrevocable decision. People who suggest anything +else are only wasting time and arousing unfounded hopes in the minds of +the rebels." + +Spain's feeling whenever mention is made of possible interference in +Cuba by another power was lately shown by the indignation expressed in +Madrid at the report that Bismarck wanted the war to be settled by +arbitration. The Spanish Premier, Senor Sagasta, refused to believe the +rumor, and declared that "No one would dare to propose such an +absurdity," and that "No Spanish government would listen to or dream of +such a proposal." + +In view of this news, the present attitude of Congress toward Cuba is by +no means reassuring. Many of the Republican Congressmen are strongly in +favor of passing the Senate resolution recognizing the belligerent +rights of the Cuban insurgents. This resolution was "shelved" some time +ago by being referred to the House Committee of Foreign Affairs. So warm +is the sentiment in favor of Cuba throughout the country, that many +members of the House of Representatives are said to believe that they +must pass a definite measure in support of the insurgents before +Congress adjourns. + + * * * * * + +It is reported that Consul-General Lee has been quietly advising the +American families in Havana to leave Cuba. On the other hand, we have +good authority for the statement that the captains of the American ships +in the harbor of Havana have been informed by our Government that they +are in no danger, and may, with assurance of safety, remain in the +harbor. + +This is an example of the contradictory news that is constantly coming +to us from Cuba. + +The fact remains, however, that there is in Havana a strong +anti-American feeling. The Spaniards seem to believe that we are not +sincere in our declarations that we do not want to interfere in the war +or to secure possession of the island. + +The friends of General Weyler seem to be particularly hostile to us. It +is said that, in case the destruction of the _Maine_ is found to have +been caused by a plot, they will join forces with the other enemies of +the United States in Cuba and attack the Americans in Havana. + + * * * * * + +On February 26th, while King George of Greece was riding through the +streets of Athens with his daughter, the Princess Maria, two men fired +several shots at him. The driver of his carriage whipped up the horses +and the King escaped injury. One of the footmen was wounded in the arm. + +King George displayed great bravery. As soon as the first shot was fired +he rose from his seat and stood between the Princess and the would-be +assassins. + +It is supposed that the attack was due to the unpopularity which the +King acquired among many of his subjects during the late war between +Greece and Turkey. The King's escape, however, was made the cause of +great rejoicing and thanksgiving in Athens. From all parts of the +civilized world, too, telegrams of congratulation were sent to him. + +King George is the second son of the King of Denmark, and brother of the +Princess of Wales. He was born in Denmark in 1845, and was elected in +1863 by the National Assembly at Athens to fill the vacancy in the +Greek throne. Four years later he married the Grand Duchess Olga, niece +of the late Emperor Alexander II. of Russia. + +Until the Graeco-Turkish war broke out, King George was one of the most +popular monarchs in Europe. He believed in a liberal form of government +and he lived in a very simple and democratic style. His wife, too, was +highly esteemed for her fine character and abilities. She soon became +known for her great love of the sea, and she is said to be the only +woman in any navy in the world who holds a commission as admiral. + +When, about a year ago, King George defied Turkey and the great powers +of Europe in his brave defence of Crete, and actually went to war with a +power vastly stronger than his own little kingdom, he was applauded for +his courage in nearly every country of the civilized world. It was even +thought that Greece was on the verge of winning back her old glory. + +But the result proved to be a bitter disappointment. The Greeks were +utterly routed, and King George and Crown Prince Constantine, his son, +were accused of having shamefully mismanaged the war. At one time it +looked as if the royal family would be driven from Greece. It was +reported also that King George intended to abdicate. + +Since the close of the war, however, the King has appeared in some +measure to have strengthened his position in Athens. The attempt on his +life, however, suggests that the feeling against him among his people +must still be strong. It is reported that during the last few months +his life has been repeatedly threatened. + +Two days after the attack was made on the King, one of his assailants, +while being searched for, gave himself up. + +He proved to be an ignorant man named Karditza. It is thought that his +mind had been inflamed against King George by the severe criticisms made +on the King by some of the more violent newspapers in Athens. He has +made a confession showing that a conspiracy was formed by a political +society against the King's life. + +A dynamite-bomb was discovered by the police near the spot where the +shooting took place. + + * * * * * + +England has maintained her firm position with regard to her claims in +Western Africa. She has informed France most emphatically that she does +not propose to be interfered with there as she was by the French +colonists in Madagascar. + +She has practically persuaded France to agree that she shall have +absolute control of the Niger River. This means that the river will be +kept open to the commerce of the whole world. + +It is said that at first Monsieur Hanotaux, the French foreign minister, +did not believe that Lord Salisbury would maintain his position in the +matter, and that this belief encouraged him to send the French troops +into Western Africa. But, with the assistance of Mr. Chamberlain, who is +a shrewd diplomatist as well as a man of nerve, Lord Salisbury held +firmly to his point. + +It is now known that the difficulties have been practically settled, and +that France, though she has secured some concessions, has practically +backed down in favor of England. + +Nothing pleases the English more than to have their own way against the +French. The English and the French have been natural enemies for +generations. The feeling of the French toward the English is even more +bitter than their hostility to the Germans. + + * * * * * + +The Chinese loan, about which we have heard so many different reports, +has at last been definitely granted by a combination of English and +German capital. The loan has been described as "semi-private," but this +does not prevent it from being considered a distinct success for Lord +Salisbury's negotiations, though regret is naturally felt in England +that Germany should have a share in it. As a result of the loan, England +has secured new concessions from China, which greatly strengthen her +influence in Chinese territory and place her in a stronger position from +which to insist upon her policy of open ports. + +The news comes by cable that China has agreed to allow the control of +the imperial maritime customs to be placed in the hands of a British +subject "so long as the British trade with China exceeds that of any +other powers." As the British trade is now reported to be nearly ten +times as great as that of any other power, there is no immediate +prospect of a change. + + * * * * * + +The sentence of Zola to a year's imprisonment and to the payment of a +fine of $600 has been only the beginning of extraordinary proceedings in +France, resulting from his trial. + +Colonel Picquart, who has been a strong champion of ex-Captain Dreyfus, +has been expelled from the French army without a pension, and he is also +for three years to be constantly watched by the police. + +Furthermore, the papers and the public men who have been conspicuous in +their defence of Zola and of Dreyfus have been warned to cease their +agitation. Even some of the foreign correspondents have received hints +from the governmental authorities that if they are not more careful in +their statements with regard to the Dreyfus case, they will be obliged +to leave the country. + + * * * * * + +It is hard to believe that such a state of affairs can exist in a +civilized country. The position of the French Government has been so +clearly defined, however, by the French Premier, Monsieur Meline, that +it is plain the French republic has for a time become almost a +despotism, ruled by a tyrant known as the French army, which is, of +course, the cause of all the trouble. In the Chamber of Deputies the +other day Monsieur Meline remarked: + +"After military justice civil justice has declared itself. It has +proclaimed that the members of the court-martial were honest men, who +obeyed their consciences. The Zola trial has ended the confusion made by +those who presumed to put themselves above the laws of the country. +Those who appeared in court were not there as subordinates of the +Minister of War, but as individual witnesses under nobody's orders. + +"Certain generals may have been led on too far, but they were led on by +the defence. One general no doubt spoke a word too much, but remember +the accusations that were flung in his face. They ascribed to officers +hidden intentions to undermine our institutions, but the French army +cannot be an army of one man. There is not a single officer capable of +an attempt against the country, for our officers have other dreams." + +From this speech it is plain that the French Government is exerting its +power to crush the present movement in favor of Dreyfus. But those who +have followed the Zola trial carefully and impartially are convinced +that the Government will fail. What the result will be, no one can tell. +But there are many who believe that one result will be a revolution +ending in the overthrow of the republic. + +This, however, is an extreme view. + +No one really believes that Zola will be kept in prison for a year, even +if he does go there. He himself has borne his sentence like a hero, and +is willing to accept it without an appeal. His lawyer, however, and his +friends will do their utmost to save him from suffering so gross an +injustice. + +Even if Zola were guilty of libelling the army, his intentions were so +honorable and unselfish that any fair court of justice could not have +failed to have acquitted him, or at most to have given him merely a +nominal punishment. + + * * * * * + +It is plain that behind the Zola case there lurks a very deep feeling +against the Jews. It is thought by students of French life at the +present time, that this is the real cause of the terrible bitterness of +the French people against ex-Captain Dreyfus and his defenders. They +believe that the Dreyfus party represents the Jews of France, for whom +they have an intense hatred. + +It should be explained here that the Jews have acquired an immense power +in France, as they have, indeed, all over Europe. They are the great +financiers of the world, and their power is so extensive that it has +created the alarm and jealousy and malice now finding expression in +Paris. + + * * * * * + +The Government of France is now in so dangerous a situation that there +is a good deal of discussion as to what will happen in case the republic +is overthrown. + +The President of the republic, Felix Faure, is popular throughout +France, but he has hardly strength enough with the people to become a +great leader. A few months ago he won enthusiastic approval by the skill +with which he arranged his visit to the Emperor of Russia, and by the +dignity and simplicity which he displayed during that visit. + +President Faure is essentially a man of the people. For many years he +has been prominent in the commercial and the political life of France, +and he has always been a champion of the people's rights. But he is not +the kind of leader that would appeal strongly to the army, and, as we +have seen, the army practically controls France at the present moment. + +Consequently, if a revolution were to take place in Paris as a result of +the Dreyfus affair, it would probably bring forward a popular military +man as a candidate for leadership. Such a man is to be found in General +Boisdeffre, who figured in the Zola trial and made a bombastic speech +glorifying the army. + +A revolution would also, of course, bring up the rival claims in France +of the Royalist and the Napoleonic parties. + +The Royalist party is at present headed by the young Duke of Orleans, +who thus far has done very little to distinguish himself. In the event +of a crisis, however, France might recall the fact that a few years ago +the Duke, though exiled from his country, as all the pretenders to the +French throne have been in recent years, forced his way into Paris and +demanded that he be given the right to join the army. This was a very +youthful and theatrical attempt to excite the enthusiasm of the French +people. It failed, however, for the republican Government succeeded in +placing the Duke in a rather ridiculous position. He was kept in prison +for a few months, and then quietly released. + +The Bonapartist party has for leader Prince Napoleon Victor Jerome +Bonaparte, grandson of Prince Jerome, youngest brother of Napoleon the +First. + +Prince Victor has had almost no chance of making himself known to the +world, and at the present time his chances of succeeding to the throne +of France seem very slight. + + * * * * * + +Our Government has been quietly making provision for strengthening our +navy and coast defences in case of war. + +This fact does not mean that the governmental authorities believe that +war is sure to break out. It means simply that they are taking +precautions to be prepared for any circumstances which may arise. + +The Department of the Navy has been hampered by being obliged to wait +for the approval of Congress before it can carry out certain important +work. It has, however, lately put two more vessels in commission without +the approval of Congress and on its own responsibility. They are the +monitor _Miantonomoh_ and the harbor-defence ram _Katahdin_. + +Since the disaster to the _Maine_, the Government has received a great +number of applications for the regular army and for the naval service. + + * * * * * + +During the past few months some very rich "finds" have been made in the +Klondike, and a great deal of excitement has been created there. The +facilities for carrying on the work are now greater than they have +previously been, and to this fact is attributed the new discoveries. + +If the latest reports are to be credited, the gold region is proving to +be as valuable as it was thought to be during the first excitement. +Nevertheless, it is only the few who win great profits, while the +majority suffer. + +The Canadian Government is taking an active interest in the Klondike, +and it will probably undertake before long to have surveys made to +discover the best route from the interior of Canada to the Yukon, and +will also have the Mackenzie-River route improved. Sir Wilfrid Laurier +has lately expressed the belief that there are gold regions in the Rocky +Mountains yet to be discovered. + +Our Government has several questions to settle with Canada, arising out +of the conflict of opinion regarding the boundaries between the American +and the Canadian Klondike. These are likely to be settled, however, in a +perfectly friendly way. + +We continue to hear reports of suffering among the miners, and the +Government is doing its best to provide relief. The best relief it can +provide, however, is to keep out of the gold regions those who are not +sufficiently provided with supplies to keep them alive for a long +period. + +An American correspondent from Dawson City has lately given a gloomy +picture of the way affairs are managed in the gold regions. The Canadian +Government, he claims, is doing more for the miners than our own +authorities. The Canadian mail service, for example, is much better than +our own. Throughout the Klondike, governmental discipline seems to be +very poor. Most of the money used is United States money, but the +store-keepers and the owners of saloons do their best to keep it out of +circulation; they naturally find gold more profitable. According to the +correspondent, the miners are the men who are making the smallest +profits in the gold regions for this very reason, as the store-keepers +have their own methods of measuring the gold and estimating its value. +No doubt by next summer banks will be established where miners may +exchange their gold, at full value, for money. + + + + +Progress + +Invention and Discovery + + * * * * * + +THE NICARAGUA CANAL. + +The Nicaragua Canal has been so often referred to lately that it will +prove interesting to our readers to know more about this project and +what its successful completion will mean to the maritime nations of the +world, and especially to the United States. + +After Columbus had discovered America and it was known that the Indies +had not been reached, but that a new continent barred the way, the early +discoverers sought a short route past this continent. Hudson, Baffin, +and others sought this route in the North, and others tried every +available opening in both North and South America, but of course +unsuccessfully, as it was soon known that no such route existed. + +It must be remembered that the expeditions sailing to the new continent +had no knowledge of it geographically. It is hard to understand now, +maps are so familiar to all of us now, and we can in a moment call up +the shape of the continents, that then they had no knowledge of the +Western hemisphere except what could be obtained by their ships slowly +crawling along the coasts. + +It was not unnatural, therefore, when they sailed into what we now call +the Gulf of Mexico and observed how far west they went before coming to +land, that they should expect to find the passage there. + +When you look at the map that we print herewith, you will see that it is +but a short step--for the mind--from the strait that was not found to +the idea of connecting the two oceans by a manufactured strait or canal. +Much more than a century ago the suggestion was made, and ever since +efforts have been made to build such a canal. + +[Illustration] + +The Panama Railroad, a regular steam railroad for passengers and +freight, was built across the narrow part of the Isthmus, as indicated +in the map, in 1850 to 1855, and at that time negotiations were +definitely entered into looking toward the construction of a canal. + +Ferdinand de Lesseps, a Frenchman, who made himself famous by building +the Suez Canal, organized a company in France, and work was commenced on +the Panama route. His plan was to construct what is known as a sea-level +canal across the very narrow part of the Isthmus (see map). "Sea level" +means that it was to be merely a cut in which the water would be all the +way at the same level--an open clear waterway from one ocean to the +other. This proved impracticable on account of engineering difficulties +and the crossing of the Chagres River, and in 1887 it was decided that +it could only be built with locks. + +The system of using locks allows the water in different parts of the +canal to be at different levels. This is done by closing both ends of +each section of the canal with gates; a second pair of gates is placed a +short distance beyond, and the space between these is called a "lock." +If a vessel is to be taken into a section of the canal higher than that +from which she has come, she goes into the lock; water is then let into +this lock from the higher level by opening a water-gate until enough has +entered to float the vessel up to the level of the higher section of the +canal; the gates before the vessel are then opened and she passes out +into the new section. If she is to be taken to a lower section, the +reverse of this operation accomplishes this: the water is let out until +she is on the lower level. + +[Illustration: ROUTE OF NICARAGUA CANAL.] + +Mr. Eiffel, the engineer who designed the great tower in Paris which has +his name, designed locks for the Panama Canal, but in March, 1889, work +was stopped on account of lack of money. + +How extravagant an operation this canal was, is told by the figures. Two +hundred and fifty millions of dollars were spent, and only one hundred +and forty millions' worth of work can be shown for it. This great +difference created a scandal throughout France, especially as the poorer +French people had been led to invest in canal shares, in the belief that +they would yield great profit. + +The Nicaragua Canal plan is a very different one. The distance across +the Isthmus at the point chosen for this route is much greater than for +the Panama Canal, and yet there are fewer difficulties in the way. +Although the route is one hundred and seventy miles long, there will +have to be only twenty-seven miles of actual canal and only six locks. +This is on account of the use of Nicaragua Lake and the rivers. The lake +is the largest of any lying between the Great Lakes of the United States +and Lake Titicaca in Peru. + +The route, as laid out after many exploring expeditions have been sent +to Nicaragua, is: From Greytown on the Caribbean Sea to the San Juan +River by canal, through this river to the lake, through the lake a +distance of over sixty miles in clear open water, then by the Lajas +River and by canal to the Pacific Coast at Brito. It will be seen that +about seventy-five miles of the course is in the rivers and over sixty +miles in the lake. Of course the waterway of the rivers will have to be +improved, but the cost of this is small compared to making an entirely +new cutting. The engineering expeditions have been over every inch of +the route to be traversed, and have made thorough examination both of +the surface conditions and of the formation of the soil, etc. + +All engineers who have investigated the project unite in believing it +thoroughly practical and not subject to any extraordinary difficulties. + +It was at first planned that the United States Government should build +and control this canal, but a bill for this purpose was vetoed by +President Cleveland on account of the conditions named by the Government +of Nicaragua. + +In 1889 a private company was formed to undertake the work, but this +company has since failed. It is now hoped that bills can be passed and +financial arrangements made which will enable this company to finish the +work and the United States to control the canal. The estimated cost of +this canal is $150,000,000, and, as General Tracy said in his speech, +the saving, etc., will more than compensate the Government for the +outlay. + +The importance of having this waterway joining the two great oceans has +long been recognized and is easily seen. The distance from New York to +San Francisco, when vessels have to go all the way around South America, +is about fourteen thousand eight hundred miles. If they could pass +through a canal at the Isthmus it would be reduced to under five +thousand, or about one-third of the distance. Think of the saving in +time and money that this would mean! + +The great advantages of such a plan are evident in a moment. + +We have referred to the speech of General Tracy, who, you will remember, +was, during President Harrison's administration, Secretary of the Navy. +In that speech he stated that, were this canal completed, we would need +to have but one navy where now we practically must have two,--one to +guard the Atlantic coast and one the Pacific coast. + +If the canal were open, vessels of our navy could be sent from one coast +to the other in a very short time. + +Moreover, the canal would make trade with the East--China, Japan, +etc.--much more direct than now, and, because the voyage would be easier +and quicker, greatly increase that trade. + +It has been said that the nation that controls such a canal will hold +the "key to the Pacific," and with the considerations of our shipping +interests, and the desirability of having our war-ships easily +transferable from one coast to the other, and our great expanse of +country, it would seem that the United States should control it. + + + + +SELECTED LIST OF NEW BOOKS + + +=There often= come into our hands great bargains in DICTIONARIES, +ENCYCLOPAEDIAS, &c., &c., and we are glad to give our readers the benefit +of these bargains. + + WE NOW HAVE ON HAND + + =One set of THE AMERICAN ENCYCLOPAEDIC DICTIONARY, 4 volumes, full sheep, + in all 4731 pages, illustrated, 1896 edition--published at $20.00, + AS NEW,= =$10.00= + + =One set. The same. Cloth, AS NEW. Published at $16.00= =8.00= + +We should be glad to quote on any dictionary or encyclopaedia--in fact +any book. + +Address + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING CO. + 5 WEST 18TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +=Dr. EDWARD JOYNES=, Professor of South Carolina College, +Columbia S. C., says of =Thieme's Preusser's German and English +Dictionary=: ". . . a book so beautiful, so valuable, and so +monumental--whose new appearance forms justly a 'Jubilee' event, in +memory of its present editor and publishers. In external beauty, in +paper, type, presswork, and binding, and all that belongs to solid and +elegant book-making, the volume is a fine specimen of German skill, good +taste, and thoroughness. And as a contribution to our lexicography, and +its completeness and convenience, it _takes rank with the foremost and +best_. Such a book is at once a boon to scholars and a new bond of union +between great and kindred nations. It will give me great pleasure to +recommend its use to teachers and pupils wherever I have opportunity." + + =Price, elegantly bound in Half Russia, $5.00; + sent prepaid upon receipt of amount by= + + =William Beverley Harison (Foreign Department), 3 and 5 West 18th + Street, New York.= + + * * * * * + +=The . . . School Record= + +is a wide-awake Monthly Journal for teacher and pupil. 36 big pages. +High-class, practical, and helpful. Every department up to date. The +universal testimony from subscribers is "Best paper I ever saw"; "Am +delighted with it," etc. 50 cents a year. We want agents in every part +of the U. S., at teachers' institutes and associations. Big commission. +Send for sample copy and premium list if you are a prospective +subscriber or agent. + + * * * * * + + =Address The School Record . . . + _ALBION. MICHIGAN_= + + + + +5cts.--CLASSICS.--5cts. + + +The children ought to bless the spirit that prompted the getting up of +such books.--MASON S. STONE, _State Supt. of Education, Vt._ + + No. _1st Reader Grade._ + + 2. AEsop's Fables.--1. + 3. AEsop's Fables.--2. + 11. Selections from AEsop.--1. + 12. Selections from AEsop.--2. + 73. Story of the Buds. + 74. What Annie Saw. + + _2d Reader Grade._ + + 1. Grimm's Fairy Tales.--1. + 4. Grimm's Fairy Tales.--2. + 7. Little Red Riding Hood. + 8. Jack and the Beanstalk. + 9. Story of Bryant. + 13. Selections from Grimm.--1. + 14. Selections from Grimm.--2. + 20. Stories from Garden and Field. I. + 21. Stories from Garden and Field. II. + 25. Story of Columbus. + 26. Story of Israel Putnam. + 27. Story of William Penn. + 28. Story of Washington. + 29. Story of Franklin. + 30. Story of Webster. + 31. Story of Lincoln. + 35. Story of Lowell. + 36. Story of Tennyson. + 42. Story of Whittier. + 43. Story of Cooper. + 44. Story of Fulton. + 45. Story of the Pilgrims. + 46. Story of the Boston Tea Party. + 48. Story of Eli Whitney. + 60. Story of Edison. + 61. Story of Hawthorne. + 62. Story of S. F. B. Morse. + 63. Story of Louisa M. Alcott. + 64. Story of James Watt. + 68. Story of the Norsemen. + 69. Puss in Boots. + 70. Story of Stevenson. + 71. Story of Irving. + 72. Story of Pocahontas. + + No. _3d Reader Grade._ + + 15. Legend of Sleepy Hollow (Irving). + 16. Rip Van Winkle, Etc. (Irving). + 17. Philip of Pokanoket, Etc. (Irving). + 18. The Voyage, Etc. (Irving). + 22. Hawthorne's Golden Touch. + 23. Hawthorne's Three Golden Apples. + 24. Hawthorne's Miraculous Pitcher. + 32. King of the Golden River (Ruskin). + 33. The Chimaera (Hawthorne). + 34. Paradise of Children (Hawthorne). + 41. Evangeline (Longfellow). + 47. Rab and His Friends. + 50. Christmas Eve, Etc. (Irving). + + _4th Reader Grade._ + + 5. Story of Macbeth. + 19. The Deserted Village (Goldsmith). + 37. Othello, Etc. (Lamb). + 38. The Tempest, Etc. (Lamb). + 39. We Are Seven, Etc. (Wadsworth). + 40. Ancient Mariner (Coleridge). + 54. Pied Piper of Hamelin (Browning). + 55. John Gilpin, Etc. (Cowper). + 56. The Elegy, Etc. (Gray). + 65. Sir Roger De Coverley. + 66. Declaration of Independence. + 67. Thanatopsis and Other Poems (Bryant). + + _5th Reader Grade._ + + 6. Lays of Ancient Rome.--1. + 10. Enoch Arden (Tennyson). + 49. L'Allegro and Other Poems (Milton). + 51. As You Like It (Shakespeare). + 52. Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare). + 53. Henry the Eighth (Shakespeare). + 57. Lady of the Lake. Canto I. + 58. Lady of the Lake. Canto II. + 59. Lady of the Lake. Canto III. + +[Illustration: Hand] Order by number. Each number contains about 32 +pages of choice Illustrated Literature bound in strong manilla covers. +Price 5 cts. a copy, 60 cts. a doz., postpaid. + + =SEND FOR COMPLETE LIST. + Address EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, + Dept. 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Quotations of the other +works not mentioned herein, as readers, supplementary text-books, and +methods for the study of other languages, will be cheerfully given upon +application to =William Beverley Harison, "Foreign Department," 3 and 5 +West 18th Street, New York City=. + + +For The Use of Americans. + + =TO LEARN FRENCH.=--=Otto's French Conversation Grammar=. + Rev. by Dr. J. Wright. Cloth, $1.85. Key + to same, boards, 65 cts. + + =Wright, Elementary French Grammar.= Cloth, 85 cts. + + + =TO LEARN GERMAN.=--=Otto's German Conversation Grammar.= + Rev. by Dr. Franz Lange. Cloth, $1.85. Key + to same, boards, 65 cts. + + =Otto's Elementary German Grammar.= Rev. by Dr. J. + Wright. Cloth, 85 cts. + + + =TO LEARN ITALIAN.=--=Sauer's Italian Conversation Grammar.= + Cloth, $1.85. 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In about four weeks he had interested himself +so deeply in its contents that he voluntarily asked if he might +subscribe for it, a wish which I was only too glad to gratify. The bound +volume of the first fifteen numbers has remained his daily mental food +and amusement ever since it arrived. I thank you for your great service +both to our young people and to their elders." + + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.= + +E. A. CARLETON, _State Superintendent of Public Instruction_, Helena, +Mont.: "I have been a constant and eager reader of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +since my accession to this office, the first of this year. I regard it +as unique, and of almost incomparable value, and I should be pleased to +aid in its general use in all the schools of our State. You are +authorized to use this letter and to quote me as strongly in favor of +it." + + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.= + +WILLIAM N. SHEATS, _State Superintendent of Public Instruction_, +Tallahassee, Fla.: "I have received for several months past copies of +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. I think it is an ideal paper for children." + + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.= + +T. W. HARRIS, _Superintendent of Schools_, Keene, N. H.: "I find it +excellent for the use we have made of it, and would heartily commend it +to all schools as an aid in the study of current events." + + * * * * * + +=FIVE CENTS A COPY.= + + * * * * * + + Address + The Great Round World Publ. Co., + 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City. + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes: + +Obvious punctuation errors repaired. + +Under Popular Handbooks, "Sentimenta" changed to "Sentimental." +(Sentimental pieces of Poetry,) + +Under Club Rates, "Bazar" changed to "Bazaar." (Harper's Bazaar) + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 10, March 10, 1898, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 18663.txt or 18663.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/6/6/18663/ + +Produced by Emmy, Juliet Sutherland and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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