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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:53:36 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:53:36 -0700 |
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diff --git a/18567-8.txt b/18567-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7f2e13 --- /dev/null +++ b/18567-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6747 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing, by +Richard Duckworth and Fabian Stedman + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing + Wherein is laid down plain and easie Rules for Ringing all + sorts of Plain Changes + +Author: Richard Duckworth and Fabian Stedman + +Release Date: June 12, 2006 [EBook #18567] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TINTINNALOGIA, OR, THE ART *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Daniel Emerson Griffith and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +TINTINNALOGIA: + +OR, + +THE ART OF RINGING. + + Wherein + Is laid down plain and + easie Rules for Ringing + all sorts of _Plain Changes_. + + Together with + Directions for Pricking and + Ringing all _Cross Peals_; with + a full Discovery of the Mystery + and Grounds of each Peal. + + _As Also_ + Instructions for _Hanging of Bells_, + with all things belonging thereunto. + + + _by a Lover of that ART._ + + + A. Persii Sat. V. + Disce: sed ira cadat naso, rugosaque sanna, + + + LONDON, + Printed for _F.S._ and are to be Sold by + _Tho. Archer_, at his Shop under the _Dyal_ of + St. _Dunstan's Church_ in _Fleet-street_, 1671. + + + + +TO THE NOBLE SOCIETY OF COLLEDGE-YOUTHS. + + +GENTLEMEN, + +I have seen a Treatise intituled, _de Tintinnabulis_--that +is, of little Bells, the Language Latin, but pen'd by a +_Dutchman_, being a Discourse of striking tunes on little +Bells with traps under the feet, with several Books on several +Instruments of Music, and Tunes prick't for the same; Then +considering that the Well-wishers to either of them, took +great pains to make plain the use of them, I thought it worth +a Dayes labour, to write something on this Art or Science, +that the Rules thereof might not be lost and obscured to some, +as the _Chronicles_ before _William_ the Conqueror, being given +only by Tradition from Father to Son. Wherefore I humbly intreat +you favourably to accept this small Treatise, as a foundation +whereon may be raised a famous Structure; and if any one objects +a fault, excuse it with the Ringing term--He was Over-bell'd--So +you will much oblige him that is a Well-wisher to your Recreation, + + CAMPANISTA. + + + + +On the Ingenious Art of RINGING. + + + What Musick is there that compar'd may be + To well-tun'd Bells enchanting melody! + Breaking with their sweet sound the willing Air, + And in the listning ear the Soul ensnare; + The ravisht Air such pleasure loth to lose, + With thousand Echoes still prolongs each close; + And gliding streams which in the Vallies trills, + Assists its speed unto the neighbouring Hills; + Where in the rocks & caves, with hollow gounds, + The warbling lightsome Element rebounds. + This for the Musick: In the Action's Health, + And every Bell is a _Wit's_ Common-wealth + For here by them we plainly may discern, + How that Civility we are to learn. + The Treble to the Tenor doth give place, + And goes before him for the better grace: + But when they chance to change, 'tis as a dance, + They foot _A Galliard, à la mode de France_. + An Eighteenscore's a figure dance, but _Grandsire_ + Hath the Jig-steps! & Tendrings Peal doth answer + The manner of _Corants_: A plain Six-score, + Is like a _Saraband_, the motion slower. + When Bells Ring round, and in their Order be, + They do denote how Neighbours should agree; + But if they Clam, the harsh sound spoils the sport, + And 'tis like Women keeping _Dover_ Court + For when all talk, there's none can lend an ear + The others story, and her own to hear; + But pull and hall, straining for to sputter + What they can hardly afford time to utter. + Like as a valiant Captain in the Field, + By his Conduct, doth make the Foe to yield; + Ev'n so, the leading Bell keeping true time, + The rest do follow, none commits a Crime: + But if one Souldier runs, perhaps a Troop + Seeing him gone, their hearts begin to droop; + Ev'n so the fault of one Bell spoils a Ring, + (And now my _Pegasus_ has taken Wing.) + + + + +Upon the Presentation of GRANDSIRE BOB To the COLLEDGE-YOUTHS, +By the AUTHOR of that PEAL. + + + Gentlemen of the Noble Crew + Of _Colledge-Youths_, there lately blew + A wind, which to my Noddle flew + (upon a day when as it Snew;) + Which to my Brains the Vapors drew + And there began to work and brew, + 'Till in my _Pericranium_ grew + _Conundrums_, how some Peal that's New + Might be compos'd? and to pursue + These thoughts (which did so whet and hew + My flat Invention) and to shew + What might be done, I strait withdrew + Myself to ponder--whence did accrue + This _Grandsire Bob_, which unto you + I Dedicate, as being due + Most properly; for there's but few + Besides, so ready at their Q---- + (Especially at the first View) + To apprehend a thing that's New; + Though they'l pretend, and make a shew, + As if the intricat'st they knew; + What _Bob_ doth mean, and _Grandsire True_, + And read the course without a Clue + Of this new Peal: Yet though they screw + Their shallow Brains, they'l ne're unglue + The Method on't (and I'm a Jew) + If I don't think this to be true, + They see no more on't than blind _Hugh_. + Well, let their tongues run _Titere tu_, + Drink muddy Ale, or else _French Lieve_, + Whil'st we our Sport and Art renew, + And drink good Sack till Sky looks blew, + So _Grandsire_ bids you All adieu. + + R.R. + + + + +THE ART OF RINGING. + + + + +Of the Beginning of _Changes_. + + +It is an ancient _Proverb_ with us in _England_ (That _Rome_ +was not built in a day) by which expression is declared, That +difficult things are not immediately done, or in a short time +accomplished: But for the _Art of Ringing_, it is admirable +to conceive in how short a time it hath increased, that the +very depth of its intricacy is found out; for within these +Fifty or Sixty years last past, _Changes_ were not known, +or thought possible to be _Rang_: Then were invented the +_Sixes_, being the very ground of a _Six score_: Then the +_Twenty_, and _Twenty-four_, with several other _Changes_. +But _Cambridge Forty-eight_, for many years, was the greatest +_Peal_ that was _Rang_ or invented; but now, neither _Forty-eight_, +nor a _Hundred_, nor _Seven-hundred and twenty_, nor any Number +can confine us; for we can _Ring Changes_, _Ad infinitum_. +Although _Philosophers_ say, _No Number is infinite, because +it can be numbred_; for _infinite_ is a quantity that cannot +be taken or assigned, but there is (_infinitum quoad hos_) as +they term it, that is _infinite_ in respect of our apprehension: +Therefore a _Ringers_ knowledge may seem _infinite_ to dive so +_infinitely_ into such an _infinite_ Subject; but least my +Discourse should be _infinite_, I will conclude it, and proceed +to the _Peals_ following. + +Before I Treat of the method and diversity of _Peals_, I +think it not impertinent to speak something of the _Properties_ +wherewith a _Young Ringer_ ought to be qualified, and then +proceed to the _Peals_. _First_ then, before he is entred +into a _Company_, it is presupposed, that he is able to _Set +a Bell Fore-stroke and Back-stroke_, as the terms are: Next, +that he know how to _Ring Round_, or _Under-sally_: Then, that +he may be complete, it is convenient, that he understand the +_Tuning of Bells_; for what is a _Musician_, unless he can +_Tune_ his _Instrument_, although he plays never so well? To +do which, let him learn on some _Instrument_, or _Wyer-Bells_, +to know a _Third_, _Fifth_, and _Eighth_, which are the +principal _Concords_: Or otherwise, let him get a _Pipe_ +called a _Pitch-pipe_, which may be made by any _Organ-maker_, +to contain _eight Notes_, or more, (according to his pleasure) +with their _Flatts_ and _Sharps_, which will be very useful in +the _Tuning of Bells_. And then this is a general Rule, begin +at the _Tenor_, or _biggest Bell_, and count 3 _whole Notes_, +then a _half Note_, or _Sharp_, 3 _whole Notes_, then a +_half Note_, or _Sharp_; and so on, until you come to the +_least Bell_ or _Treble_. For example on _four Bells_, 1:234, +here the 432 are _whole_ _Notes_, and the _half Note_ or +_Sharp_ is between 1 and 2. On _Five Bells_, 12:345 the 543 +are _whole Notes_; and the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between +2 and 3. On _Six_, 123:456 the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is +between 3 and 4. On _Eight Bells_, 1:2345:678, one _half Note_ +or _Sharp_ is between 5 and 6, and the other between 1 and 2. +On _Ten_, 123:4567:8910; here one _half Note_ is between 7 +and 8, and the next between 3 and 4. On _Twelve Bells_, +12:345:6789:10 11 12. Here one _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is +between 9 and 10, the next between 5 and 6, and the other +between 2 and 3, which last is made contrary to the former +Rule, it being but _two whole Notes_ from the next _half Note_ +to it; the reason is this, the _Ninth_ is one _whole Note_ +below the _Eighth_, therefore the 2 must be a _whole Note_ +below the _Treble_, otherwise they would not be a true _Eighth_, +therefore the _half Note_ is put between 2 and 3. Now he that +hath these Rules, and a good ear to judge of the _Concords_, +may at any time cast his Verdict (as to Bells, whether they +are well in _Tune_ or not) amongst the chief of the _Company_. + + + + +Of the _Changes_. + + +A _Change_ is made between _two Bells_ that strikes next +to each other, by removing into each others places, as in +these _two Figures_ 1, 2. make a _Change_ between them, +and they will stand 2, 1. which is called a _Change_; +make another _Change_ between them, and they will stand in +their right places, as at first, 1, 2. These _two Changes_ +are all that can be made on _two Bells_. + + + + +The _Changes_ on three Bells. + + +On _three Bells_ there are _six several Changes_ to be made; +in _Ringing_ of which, there is _one Bell_ to be observed, +which is called the _Hunt_, and the other two are _Extream +Bells_ (but they cannot properly be so called, because every +_Bell_ _hunts_ in the _six Changes_; yet because 'tis commonly +_Rang_ by observing a _Hunt_ and _two Extream Bells_, I will +therefore proceed in that course.) The name of _Hunt_ is +properly given to it, because of its continual motion up +and down amongst the other _Bells_, which motion is called +_Hunting_, and the other _two_ are called _Extream Bells_, +because when the _Hunt_ is either before or behind them, +that is at the _Extream_, or utmost place, there is a _Change_ +then to be made between them, called an _Extream Change_. +There are two several wayes to _Ring_ the _six Changes_. +One whereof is to make the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and the +other way is to make the _Tenor_ the _Hunt_. I will give an +Example in _hunting_ the _Treble_, the _Bells_ are supposed +to stand thus.-- + + 123 + +Now the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ up over the _Second_ +and _Third_, which is to be done, by making a _Change_ +between the _Treble_, and each of those two Bells in order; +therefore first I remove the _Treble_ up over the _Second_, +into the _seconds_ place, by making a _Change_ between the +_Treble_ and _Second_, thus.-- + + 213 + +The _Treble_ being removed up over the _Second_, it must +next be removed up over the _Third_, as in this _Change_.-- + + 231 + +Alwayes observe, that when the _Hunt_ moves from the +foremost _Bell_ toward the hindmost, then it _hunts_ up, +as in the _Changes_ next before; but when it moves or _hunts_ +from the hindmost Bell, toward the Bell that leads, then it +_hunts_ down, as appears by the _Changes_ following. The +_Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the _Extream_ Bells, an +_Extream Change_ is next to be made between them.-- + + 321 + +Here you may observe, that if the _Hunt_ had been +_hunted_ down without an _Extream Change_ first made, +those _Changes_ in _hunting_ it down, would have been +the same with those that were made in _hunting_ it up. + +The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Treble_ must be +_hunted_ down again before the Bells thus.-- + + 312 + 132 + +The _Treble_ being now _hunted_ down, the next is to be +an _Extream Change_.-- + + 123 + +which is the last _Change_ of the _six_. + +The other way to _Ring_ the _six Changes_, is, to make +the _Tenor_ the _Hunt_, which being behind already, it +must first be _hunted_ down, as in these _Changes_.-- + + 123 + 132 + 312 + +The _Third_, which is the _Hunt_, being _hunted_ down +before the Bells, the _Extream Change_ must next be made +between the 2, and 1. Which are the _Extream Bells_, thus.-- + + 321 + +The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Third_ must be +_hunted_ up again.-- + + 231 + 213 + +The _Third_ being _hunted_ up, another _Extream_ must be +made, which brings the Bells round in their right places.-- + + 123 + + + + +The _Plain Changes_ on four Bells. + + +On four Bells, there are _Twenty four several Changes_, in +_Ringing_ of which, there is one Bell called the _Hunt_, and +the other three are _Extream_ Bells; the _Hunt_ moves, and +_hunts_ up and down continually, and lies but once in one +place, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, +at which time it lies there twice together; it has the same +course here, as in the _six Changes_ before set down; two of +the _Extream_ Bells makes a _Change_ every time the _Hunt_ +comes before or behind them. An Example I will here give, +making the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and the _Extream Changes_ +I make between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the +_Hunt_. I set down the _four Figures_, representing the +_four Bells_, thus.-- + + 1234 + +The _Treble_ must now be _hunted_ up behind the Bells, +where it is to lie twice together, and then to _hunt_ +down before them, where it must lie twice, and then _hunt_ +up again as before. The _Hunt_ is alwayes one of the two +Bells which makes every _Change_, except only when it comes +before or behind the Bells, and it moves only over one Bell +at a time; 'tis to be _hunted_ up after this manner.-- + + 2134 + 2314 + 2341 + +The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the Bells, as appears +by the last _Changes_, the next is to be an _Extream Change_ +between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_, +which are the _Second_ and _Third_, thus.-- + + 3241 + +The _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ +down again, as in these _Changes_.-- + + 3214 + 3124 + 1324 + +The Treble being hunted down, there is another Extream +Change to be made between the two farthest Bells from it, +which are the Second and Fourth.-- + + 1342 + +The Extream being made, the Treble must be hunted as before, +and so to the end of the Peal, making an Extream Change +every time the Hunt comes before and behind the Bells.-- + + 3142 + 3412 + 3421 + 4321 + 4312 + 4132 + 1432 + 1423 + 4123 + 4213 + 4231 + 2431 + 2413 + 2143 + 1243 + 1234 + +The Twenty-four Changes are to be Rang another way, in +hunting up the Treble, which is, by making every Extream +Change between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt, as in +these Changes, first I hunt the Treble up.-- + + 1234 + 2134 + 2314 + 2341 + +The Treble being hunted up, the Extream Change is to be +made between the 3 and 4, which are the two nearest Bells +to it, as in this Change, + + 2431 + +and so to the end of the Peal, making every Extream between +the two nearest Bells to the Hunt all the way. + +These two wayes in _Ringing_ the _Twenty-four_, differs +only in making the _Extream Changes_, one whereof is to +make them between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from +the _Hunt_, and the other to make them between the two +nearest Bells to it. + +The _Twenty-four Changes_ are to be _Rang_ two wayes more +in _hunting_ down the _Treble_; one way, is to make the +_Extreams_ between the two farthest Bells from the _Hunt_; +and the other, is to make them between the two nearest, +as before. A short Example I will set down, the Bells +stand thus.-- + + 1234 + +The _Treble_ should now be _hunted_ down, but it being +already before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removed +no lower; therefore the first must be an _Extream Change_, +either between the two nearest, or two farthest Bells from +the _Hunt_ at pleasure; the _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_ +is to _hunt_ up, and so to the end of the _Peal_, in the same +course as before. + + 1243 + 2143 + 2413 + 2431 + 4231 + 4213 + 4123 + 1423 + 1432 + 4132 + 4312 + 4321 + 3421 + 3412 + 3142 + +In _hunting_ the _Second_, _Third_, or _Fourth_, there +is to be observed the same course, as in _hunting_ the +_Treble_: A short Example I will set down, in _hunting_ +the _Third_ up, and making the _Extream Changes_ between +the two farthest _Bells_ from it.-- + + 1234 + 1243 + 2143 + 2134 + 2314 + 3214 + +_First_, I _hunt_ up the _third_ over the _fourth_; the +_Hunt_ being up, I make an _extream_ between the _treble_ +and _second_, and then _hunt_ down the _third_ again, as +in these _changes_, which course is to be observed to the +end of the _Peal_. + +I have insisted the longer upon the directions to the +_Twenty-four changes_, because it is the ground and method +in _Ringing_ all _plain changes_; and by understanding this +aright, the Learner will more easily apprehend the course +of all _plain_ and _single changes_ whatsoever. + +The _Twenty-four plain changes_ are to be _Rang_ sixteen +several wayes; in _hunting_ one Bell, it is to be _Rang_ +four ways; that is, two wayes in _hunting_ it up, and the +other two wayes in _hunting_ it down, (as appears in my +directions before in _hunting_ the _treble_:) so that in +_hunting_ the 4 Bells, 'tis to be _Rang_ 4 times 4 wayes, +which makes 16, some of which I have here set down. + + +Treble Hunt up, Extream between the 2 farthest Bells +from it. + + 1234 + 2134 + 2314 + 2341 + 3241 + 3214 + 3124 + 1324 + 1342 + 3142 + 3412 + 3421 + 4321 + 4312 + 4132 + 1432 + 1423 + 4123 + 4213 + 4231 + 2431 + 2413 + 2143 + 1243 + 1234 + + +Second up, extream between the 2 nearest to it. + + 1234 + 1324 + 1342 + 1432 + 1423 + 1243 + 2143 + 2413 + 4213 + 4123 + 4132 + 4312 + 4321 + 4231 + 2431 + 2341 + 3241 + 3421 + 3412 + 3142 + 3124 + 3214 + 2314 + 2134 + 1234 + + +Fourth down, Extream between the two farthest Bells +from it. + + 1234 + 1243 + 1423 + 4123 + 4132 + 1432 + 1342 + 1324 + 3124 + 3142 + 3412 + 4312 + 4321 + 3421 + 3241 + 3214 + 2314 + 2341 + 2431 + 4231 + 4213 + 2413 + 2143 + 2134 + 1234 + +Some persons do observe to _Ring_ the _Twenty-four changes_ +with a _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_; but that is an imperfect +course; for there cannot be one _half hunt_ only, but there +will unavoidably be three _half Hunts_ in one and the same +_Twenty-four_; therefore I have set down the other way to +_ring_ it, by observing a _hunt_, and _three extream_ Bells, +which course is much more easie and true. + +In the _Twenty-four Changes_ are contained the _six +Changes_; the _three Extream Bells_ in the _Twenty-four_ +makes the _six Changes_ in course, every _extream change_ +being one of the _six_, and the _Hunt_ hunting through each +of the _six Changes_, makes _Twenty-four_: For Example, take +the _three Extream_ Bells in the first _Twenty-four_ set +down before, which are 234, and set down the _six Changes_ +on them, thus.-- + + 234 + 324 + 342 + 432 + 423 + 243 + 234 + +Now take the first _Change_, which is 234, set the _Treble_ +before it, and _hunt_ it through, thus.-- + + 1234 + 2134 + 2314 + 2341 + +The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behinde, take the next +_Change_ of the _six_, which is 324, set it directly +under the _First_, and _hunt_ the _Treble_ down through +it, thus.-- + + 3241 + 3214 + 3124 + 1324 + +And so take each of the other _six Changes_, and _hunt_ +the _Treble_ through them, it will make _Twenty-four_. + +I will here insert two or three old _Peals_ on five Bells, +which (though rejected in these dayes, yet) in former times +were much in use, which for _Antiquity sake_, I here set +down. And first, + + + + +The _Twenty_ all over. + + +The course is this--every Bell _hunts_ in order once through +the Bells, until it comes behind them; and first the _Treble_ +_hunts_ up, next the _Second_, and then the 3, 4 and 5, which +brings the Bells round in their right places again, at the end +of the _Twenty Changes_, as in this following _Peal_.-- + + 12345 + 21345 + 23145 + 23415 + 23451 + 32451 + 34251 + 34521 + 34512 + 43512 + 45312 + 45132 + 45123 + 54123 + 51423 + 51243 + 51234 + 15234 + 12534 + 12354 + 12345 + +This Peal is to be Rang, by hunting the Bells down, +beginning with the Tenor, next the fourth, and so the +third, second, and treble, which will bring the Bells +round in course as before. + + + + +An Eight and Forty. + + +In this _Peal_, the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_ are both _whole +Hunts_, each of which does _hunt_ down before the Bells +by turns, and lies there twice together and then _hunts_ +up again: The 1, 2 and 3 goes the _six changes_, one of +which is made every time, either of the _whole Hunts_ lies +before the Bells, as in the following _Changes_, where the +_fifth_ hunts down the _first_; and lying before the Bells, +there is a _change_ made between the 1 & 2, which is one of +the _six changes_; and then the _fifth_ _hunts_ up again +into its place, and the _fourth_ _hunts_ down, which lying +before the Bells, there is another of the _six changes_ +made between the 1 and 3, and then the _fourth_ _hunts_ up +again, and the _fifth_ _hunts_ down next; in which course +it continues to the end of the _Peal_, each of the _whole +Hunts_ lying but twice at one time before the Bells, as in +these following _changes_. + + 12345 + 12354 + 12534 + 15234 + 51234 + 52134 + 25134 + 21534 + 21354 + 21345 + 21435 + 24135 + 42135 + 42315 + 24315 + 23415 + 23145 + 23154 + 23514 + 25314 + 52314 + 53214 + 35214 + 32514 + 32154 + 32145 + 32415 + 34215 + 43215 + 43125 + 34125 + 31425 + 31245 + 31254 + 31524 + 35124 + 53124 + 51324 + 15324 + 13524 + 13254 + 13245 + 13425 + 14325 + 41325 + 41235 + 14235 + 12435 + 12345 + + + + +_Cambridge_ Eight and Forty. + + +Wherein it is observed, that the _Treble_ and _Second_ does +never come behind, neither does the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_ +come before, as in the following _Changes_. + + 12345 + 21345 + 21354 + 21534 + 25134 + 25314 + 23514 + 23154 + 32154 + 32514 + 35214 + 35124 + 31524 + 31254 + 31245 + 31425 + 34125 + 34215 + 32415 + 32145 + 23145 + 23415 + 24315 + 24135 + 21435 + 21453 + 24153 + 24513 + 25413 + 25143 + 21543 + 12543 + 15243 + 15423 + 14523 + 14253 + 12453 + 12435 + 14235 + 14325 + 13425 + 13245 + 13254 + 13524 + 15324 + 15234 + 12534 + 12354 + 12345 + + + + +The _Plain Changes_ on five Bells. + + +There are _Six-score Changes_ to be _Rang_ on _five +Bells_, which are to be _Rang_, by observing a _whole +Hunt_, a _half Hunt_, and _three Extream Bells_; the +course of the _whole Hunt_, is the same with the _Hunt_ +in the _Twenty-four Changes_, and _hunts_ up and down +in the same manner. The _half Hunt_ moves once, that +is, over one Bell every time, the _whole Hunt_ comes +before and behind the Bells; but when the _half Hunt_ +is removed either before or behind the _Extream Bells_, +then there is an _Extream Change_ to be made. For Example, +I make the _Treble_ the _whole Hunt_, and _hunt_ it up; +and the _Second_ the _half Hunt_ and _half hunt_ it up, +making every _Extream Change_ between the two farthest +_Extream Bells_ from the _half Hunt_; the _Extream Bells_ +are the _Third_, _Fourth_, _Fifth_: Now observe, that whereas +in the _Twenty-four Changes_, an _Extream Change_ was alwayes +made, when the _whole Hunt_ came before or behind the _Bells_, +in these _Six-score_ _Changes_ an _Extream_ is alwayes to be +made, when the _Half Hunt_ comes before or behind the _Extream +Bells_; first the Treble is to be _hunted_ up, as in these +_Changes_.-- + + 12345 + 21345 + 23145 + 23415 + 23451 + +The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ up, the _Second_, which +is the _half Hunt_, must be _hunted_ up over one _Bell_, +as in this _Change_.-- + + 32451 + +The _half Hunt_ being removed up over one _Bell_, the +_whole Hunt_ must be _hunted_ down again, as in these +_Changes_.-- + + 32415 + 32145 + 31245 + 13245 + +The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ down, the _half Hunt_ is to +be removed up over the _Fourth_, which is the next _Bell_ +to it.-- + + 13425 + +The _whole Hunt_ is to _hunt_ up as before.-- + + 31425 + 34125 + 34215 + 34251 + +Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ up over the _Fifth_, +which is the next _Bell_ to it, thus.-- + + 34521 + +Here the _Second_, which is the _half Hunt_, is removed +quite up behind the _Extream_ _Bells_; yet the _Extream +Change_ is not to be made, until the _whole Hunt_ has +removed down through the _Bells_, as in these _Changes_.-- + + 34512 + 34152 + 31452 + 13452 + +And it is a constant Rule, that whensoever the _half Hunt_ +has removed up behind the _Extream Bells_, or down before +them, the _whole Hunt_ must _hunt_ through the Bells, before +the _Extream Change_ is made, as in the last _Change_ but +four, which is 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. the _Second_ being the _half +Hunt_, is removed up behind the 3, 4, and 5. which are the +_Extream_ Bells; and then the _whole Hunt_ being behind, +_hunts_ immediately down; and now the _Extreame Change_ is +to be made between the 3, and 4. which are the two farthest +_Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, as in this _Change_.-- + + 14352 + +The _Extream_ being made, the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ +are to remove again; and first the _whole Hunt_ must be +_hunted_ up.-- + + 41352 + 43152 + 43512 + 43521 + +Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ down under one Bell, +thus.-- + + 43251 + +The _half Hunt_ being removed, the _whole Hunt_ is to be +_hunted_ down.-- + + 43215 + 43125 + 41325 + 14325 + +The _half Hunt_ is to be removed down under another Bell, +as in this _Change_.-- + + 14235 + +Now I hunt up the Treble.-- + + 41235 + 42135 + 42315 + 42351 + +The Treble being _hunted_ up, I _hunt_ down the _Second_ +before the _Extream_ Bells.-- + + 24351 + +Now I _hunt_ down the Treble again, and then make the +_Extream Change_, as in these _Changes_.-- + + 24315 + 24135 + 21435 + 12435 + 12453 + +The last is the _Extream Change_, which is made between +the _Third_ and _Fifth_; and this course is to be observed +to the end of the _Six-score Changes_, which is set down +at large at the end of the directions to this _Peal_. + +Another short Example I will insert, which is _Second_ down, +and _Fourth_ up, (for that is the common Phrase amongst _Ringers_) +whereby 'tis alwayes to be observed, that the first Bell which +is named, is the _whole Hunt_, and the second that is named, is +the _half Hunt_, as herein you may perceive; where _Second_ down, +is meant, that the _Second_ Bell is the _whole Hunt_, and to +_hunt_ down the first _Change_; and the _Fourth_ Bell is the +_half Hunt_, and to _half hunt_ up, that is, to move up towards +the hindmost Bell the first time it moves at the beginning of the +_Peal_; which are only directions in making the first _Changes_, +for one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ may be hunted several wayes, +either up or down at pleasure. First, I _hunt_ down the _Second_.-- + + 12345 + 21345 + +The _Second_ being _hunted_ down, the _Fourth_, which is +the _half Hunt_, must be removed up over one Bell, thus.-- + + 21354 + +The _half Hunt_ being removed, I must _hunt_ up the +_Second_, as in these _Changes_.-- + + 12354 + 13254 + 13524 + 13542 + 31542 + 31524 + 31254 + 32154 + 23154 + 23145 + +Now the _Fourth_, which is the _half Hunt_, being behind +the _Extream_ Bells, the next is to be an _Extream Change_, +which may be made either between the two farthest Bells +from the _half Hunt_, or the two nearest to it; and after +the _Extream Change_ is made, the _whole Hunt_ and _half +Hunt_ must be _hunted_ as before. These _Six-score Changes_ +of _Second_ and _Fourth_, I have set down at large, at the +end of my directions to these _Changes_ on five Bells. + +In every _Six-score_, the _Extream Changes_ may be made +either between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the +_half Hunt_, or between the two nearest to it, observing +to make all the _Extreams_ in one _Six-score_ alike; that +is, if you make the first _Extream Change_ between the two +farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, you must make +all the following _Extreams_ in the same _Six score_ between +the two farthest _Extream_ Bells also; or if you make the +first _Extream_ in any _Six-score_ between the two nearest +to the _half Hunt_, you must make all the following _Extreams_ +in the same _Six-score_ between the two nearest also. + +The _Six-score_ plain and single _Changes_, are to be +_Rang_ Eight-score several wayes; for although there +are but _Six-score_ several _Changes_ on five _Bells_, +yet by altering the _whole Hunt_, the _half Hunt_, and +_Extreams_, the course of the _Changes_ are so altered, +that the same _Changes_ doe not come all along together +in any two of those Eight-score wayes. + +With one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_, the _Six-score +Changes_ are to be _Rang_, or set down eight several wayes; +one way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_ +both up; the second way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ +and _half Hunt_ both down; the third way, is in _hunting_ +the _whole Hunt_ up, and the _half Hunt_ down; the fourth +way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ down, and the _half +Hunt_ up; each of these four wayes is to be _Rang_ two wayes +more; one is, in making the _Extreams_ between the two farthest +Extream Bells from the half Hunt, and the other way is in making +them between the two nearest; for Example, in making the treble +the whole Hunt, and second the half Hunt, the Six-score are to +be Rang eight several wayes (viz.) + + + Extream Changes to be made between the 2 farthest Extream + Bells from the half Hunt. + + Treble and second both up + Treble and second both down + Treble down, and second up + Treble up, and second down + + + Extream Changes to be made between the two nearest Extream + Bells to the half Hunt, which is called _Mediums_. + + Treble and second both up + Treble and second both down + Treble down, and second up + Treble up, and second down + +On five Bells there are 20 Hunts, (i.e.) a whole Hunt, and +half Hunt twenty times, and not one; and the same whole +Hunt, and half Hunt twice, as appears by the following +Figures, where they stand two and two together; one of +which is the whole Hunt, and the other the half Hunt: for +Example, the 2 highest Figures are 1.2 where the treble +is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt. The two +next Figures are 1.3 where the treble is the whole Hunt, +and the third the half Hunt; and likewise the two last, +or lowest Figures, are 5.4 the fifth is the whole Hunt, +and the fourth the half Hunt; and so of all the rest, the +first Figure representing the whole Hunt, and the next to +it the half Hunt. + + 1.2 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 + 1.3 2.3 3.2 4.2 5.2 + 1.4 2.4 3.4 4.3 5.3 + 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.4 + +So that there being twenty Hunts, and every one making +eight Six-scores (as in the Example of treble and second) +that is twenty (which are the number of Hunts;) multiplied +by eight (which are the number of Six-scores made by each +Hunt) does produce Eight-score several wayes to Ring the +Six-score Changes. + +In the Six-score Changes are comprehended the Twenty-four, and +the Six Changes: The Twenty-four Changes are made between the +half Hunt, and the three Extream Bells; and the Six are made +between the Extream Bells alone: The half Hunt in the Six-score, +is the whole Hunt in the Twenty-four; and there is one Change +in the Twenty-four made every time the whole Hunt comes before +and behind the Bells; and one Change in the Six made every +Extream: So that the Six-score rightly understood, is nothing +else but hunting the half Hunt through every Change of the Six, +which makes Twenty-four Changes: and then hunting the whole +Hunt through each Change of the Twenty-four, which makes +Six-score; for instance, in the first Six-score before set +down, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half +Hunt, and the 345 the Extream Bells. + +I take the Extream Bells, and set down the six Changes on +them thus.-- + + 345 + 435 + 453 + 543 + 534 + 354 + 345 + +Now I take the first of the six, which is 345, and set the +second (which was the half Hunt in the Six-score) to it, +and hunt it up behind thus.-- + + 2345 + 3245 + 3425 + 3452 + +Now I take the second Change of the six, which is 435, +and set it directly under 345, and the second Bell to it, +and hunt it down thus.-- + + 4352 + 4325 + 4235 + 2435 + +The second being hunted through the Change, I take the +third Change in the six, which is 453, and hunt the second +Bell through it, as before.-- + + 2453 + 4253 + 4523 + 4532 + +And in the same course, the second being hunted through each +Change of the six, will make Twenty-four, one Change of the +six, hunting the second Bell through it, makes four Changes; +so that the six Changes by hunting the second through each +of them, will make six times four Changes (i.e.) Twenty-four. +And now hunt the Treble through each of the Twenty-four Changes, +and 'twill make Six-score; the first of the Twenty-four is 2345, +take the Treble, and hunt it through it thus.-- + + 12345 + 21345 + 23145 + 23415 + 23451 + +Now take the next Change of the Twenty-four, which is 3245, +set it under the other Change, and hunt the Treble through +it thus.-- + + 32451 + 32415 + 32145 + 31245 + 13245 + +And in the same manner, hunting the Treble through each Change +of the Twenty-four, will produce Twenty-four times five Changes, +which makes Six-score; one Change of the Twenty-four (in hunting +the Treble through it) makes five Changes. + +In every Six-score on 5 Bells, there are 6 Extream Changes, +there being twenty Changes from one Extream to another. + +It would be an endless undertaking to set down all these +Peals at large, but for the convenience of the Learner, +I have set down some part of several of them, which may +with ease be prickt out to the end of each Peal, as the +Learner pleases. + +Note, That in the following Peals there is a Line drawn +at each Extream Change between the Figures, to shew where +the Extreams are made; as in the next Peal there is a Line +drawn between the Figures just 20 Changes from the beginning +of the Peal, the change next after the Line is the Extream +Change, which is 14352, and so of the rest; the Change next +following each Line is the Extream. + + +Treble and second both up, Extream between the two farthest +Extream Bells from the half Hunt. + + 12345 + 21345 + 23145 + 23415 + 23451 + 32451 + 32415 + 32145 + 31245 + 13245 + 13425 + 31425 + 34125 + 34215 + 34251 + 34521 + 34512 + 34152 + 31452 + 13452 + ----- + 14352 + 41352 + 43152 + 43512 + 43521 + 43251 + 43215 + 43125 + 41325 + 14325 + 14235 + 41235 + 42135 + 42315 + 42351 + 24351 + 24315 + 24135 + 21435 + 12435 + ----- + 12453 + 21453 + 24153 + 24513 + 24531 + 42531 + 42513 + 42153 + 41253 + 14253 + 14523 + 41523 + 45123 + 45213 + 45231 + 45321 + 45312 + 45132 + 41532 + 14532 + ----- + 15432 + 51432 + 54132 + 54312 + 54321 + 54231 + 54213 + 54123 + 51423 + 15423 + 15243 + 51243 + 52143 + 52413 + 52431 + 25431 + 25413 + 25143 + 21543 + 12543 + ----- + 12534 + 21534 + 25134 + 25314 + 25341 + 52341 + 52314 + 52134 + 51234 + 15234 + 15324 + 51324 + 53124 + 53214 + 53241 + 53421 + 53412 + 53142 + 51342 + 15342 + ----- + 13542 + 31542 + 35142 + 35412 + 35421 + 35241 + 35214 + 35124 + 31524 + 13524 + 13254 + 31254 + 32154 + 32514 + 32541 + 23541 + 23514 + 23154 + 21354 + 12354 + ----- + 12345 + + +Treble up, fifth down, Extreams between the two farthest +Extream Bells from the half Hunt. + + 12345 + 21345 + 23145 + 23415 + 23451 + 23541 + 23514 + 23154 + 21354 + 12354 + 12534 + 21534 + 25134 + 25314 + 25341 + 52341 + 52314 + 52134 + 51234 + 15234 + ----- + 15243 + 51243 + 52143 + 52413 + 52431 + 25431 + 25413 + 25143 + 21543 + 12543 + 12453 + 21453 + 24153 + 24513 + 24531 + 24351 + 24315 + 24135 + 21435 + 12435 + ----- + 14235 + 41235 + 42135 + 42315 + 42351 + 42531 + 42513 + 42153 + 41253 + 14253 + 14523 + 41523 + 45123 + 45213 + 45231 + 54231 + 54213 + 54123 + 51423 + 15423 + ----- + 15432 + 51432 + 54132 + 54312 + 54321 + 45321 + 45312 + 45132 + 41532 + 14532 + 14352 + 41352 + 43152 + 43512 + 43521 + 43251 + 43215 + 43125 + 41325 + 14325 + ----- + 13425 + 31425 + 34125 + 34215 + 34251 + 34521 + 34512 + 34152 + 31452 + 13452 + 13542 + 31542 + 35142 + 35412 + 35421 + 53421 + 53412 + 53142 + 51342 + 15342 + ----- + 15324 + 51324 + 53124 + 53214 + 53241 + 35241 + 35214 + 35124 + 31524 + 13524 + 13254 + 31254 + 32154 + 32514 + 32541 + 32451 + 32415 + 32145 + 31245 + 13245 + ----- + 12345 + + +Second down, and fourth up, Extream between the two +farthest Bells from the half Hunt. + + 12345 + 21345 + 21354 + 12354 + 13254 + 13524 + 13542 + ----- + 31542 + 31524 + 31254 + 32154 + 23154 + 23145 + 32145 + 31245 + 31425 + 31452 + 34152 + 34125 + 34215 + 32415 + 23415 + 24315 + 42315 + 43215 + 43125 + 43152 + ----- + 43512 + 43521 + 43251 + 42351 + 24351 + 23451 + + +Second and third both down, Extream between the two +farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. + + 12345 + 21345 + 23145 + 32145 + 31245 + 31425 + 31452 + ----- + 31542 + 31524 + 31254 + 32154 + 23154 + 21354 + 12354 + 13254 + 13524 + 13542 + 15342 + 15324 + 15234 + 12534 + 21534 + 21543 + 12543 + 15243 + 15423 + 15432 + 51432 + 51423 + 51243 + 52143 + + +Third and fifth both up, Extream between the two farthest +Extream Bells from the half Hunt. + + 12345 + 12435 + 12453 + ----- + 21453 + 21435 + 21345 + 23145 + 32145 + 32154 + 23154 + 21354 + 21534 + 21543 + 25143 + 25134 + 25314 + 23514 + 32514 + 35214 + 53214 + 52314 + 52134 + 52143 + ----- + 52413 + 52431 + + +Fourth down, Treble up, Extream between the two nearest +Extream Bells to the half Hunt. + + 12345 + 12435 + 14235 + 41235 + 42135 + 24135 + 21435 + 21345 + 21354 + 23154 + 23145 + 23415 + 24315 + 42315 + 42351 + 24351 + 23451 + 23541 + 23514 + ----- + 25314 + 25341 + 25431 + 24531 + 42531 + 42513 + 24513 + 25413 + 25143 + 25134 + 21534 + 21543 + 21453 + 24153 + 42153 + 41253 + 14253 + 12453 + 12543 + 12534 + ----- + 15234 + 15243 + 15423 + 14523 + 41523 + 45123 + 54123 + 51423 + 51243 + 51234 + 52134 + 52143 + 52413 + 54213 + 45213 + 45231 + 54231 + 52431 + 52341 + 52314 + ----- + 53214 + 53241 + + +Fifth down, treble up, Extream Changes between the two +farthest Extream Bells from the Half Hunt. + + 12345 + 12354 + 12534 + 15234 + 51234 + 52134 + 25134 + 21534 + 21354 + 21345 + 23145 + 23154 + 23514 + 25314 + 52314 + 52341 + 25341 + 23541 + 23451 + 23415 + 32415 + 32451 + 32541 + 35241 + 53241 + 53214 + 35214 + 32514 + 32154 + 32145 + 31245 + 31254 + + +Treble & second both down. + + 12345 + 12354 + 21354 + 23154 + 23514 + 23541 + 32541 + 32514 + 32154 + 31254 + 13254 + 13524 + 31524 + 35124 + 35214 + 35241 + 35421 + + +Second & treble both down. + + 12345 + 21345 + 21354 + 12354 + 13254 + 13524 + 13542 + 31542 + 31524 + 31254 + 32154 + 23154 + 23514 + 32514 + 35214 + 35124 + 35142 + 35412 + + + + +The Changes on six Bells. + + +On six Bells there are Seven-hundred and twenty Changes to +be made; but there are Peals of Six-score and Twelve-score +Changes to be Rang on them. The Six-score Changes are to +be made, by observing a whole Hunt and half Hunt, which +are to be hunted in the same course, as in the Six-score +on five Bells, and the Extream Changes to be made by the +same Rule as they were on five Bells. The only difference +between the Six-score on six Bells, and those on five, are +this; whereas on five there are but three Extream Bells, +on six there are four Extream Bells. And on five Bells, +there are six Extream Changes in every Six-score; but on six, +there are but four Extream Changes. And moreover, whereas in +every Six-score on five Bells, the Changes were the same in +each, although altered in course; but the Changes on six Bells +are not the same in each, for several Six-scores has several +Changes, one Six-score having many Changes which another has +not, as in this Peal, treble and second both up, which is, + + 123456 + 213456 + 231456 + 234156 + 234516 + 234561 + 324561 + 324516 + 324156 + 321456 + 312456 + 132456 + 134256 + 314256 + 341256 + 342156 + 342516 + 342561 + 345261 + 345216 + 345126 + 341526 + 314526 + 134526 + 134562 + 314562 + 341562 + 345162 + 345612 + 345621 + ------ + 435621 + 435612 + 435162 + 431562 + 413562 + 143562 + 143526 + 413526 + 431526 + 435126 + 435216 + 435261 + 432561 + 432516 + 432156 + 431256 + 413256 + 143256 + 142356 + 412356 + 421356 + 423156 + 423516 + 423561 + 243561 + 243516 + 243156 + 241356 + 214356 + 124356 + ------ + 124365 + 214365 + 241365 + 243165 + 243615 + 243651 + 423651 + 423615 + 423165 + 421365 + 412365 + 142365 + 143265 + 413265 + 431265 + 432165 + 432615 + 432651 + 436251 + 436215 + 436125 + 431625 + 413625 + 143625 + 143652 + 413652 + 431652 + 436152 + 436512 + 436521 + ------ + 346521 + 346512 + 346152 + 341652 + 314652 + 134652 + 134625 + 314625 + 341625 + 346125 + 346215 + 346251 + 342651 + 342615 + 342165 + 341265 + 314265 + 134265 + 132465 + 312465 + 321465 + 324165 + 324615 + 324651 + 234651 + 234615 + 234165 + 231465 + 213465 + 123465 + ------ + 123456 + +There are other Peals to be Rang on six Bells, as +Six-scores on the five smallest, the tenor lying behind +all the way. Treble and second, or treble and fifth, with +the tenor lying behind, makes very good Musick: Of which +Peals I need not give you any Example, these Six-scores +being the same with those on five Bells set down before. + +The Twelve-score Changes being only part of the +Seven-hundred and twenty, and consequently the course +of each being one and the same, I will therefore shew +the course and method of the Seven-hundred and twenty, +wherein the Twelve-score Changes are also included. + +In Ringing the Seven-hundred and Twenty, there is a whole +Hunt, a half Hunt, a quarter Hunt, and three Extream Bells; +the whole Hunt and half Hunt does hunt in the same course +and method, as they did in the Six-score on five Bells, +and in the last Six-score; and the quarter Hunt removes +in the same course under the half Hunt, as the half Hunt +does under the whole Hunt: for instance, when the whole +Hunt is hunted either before or behind the Bells, then the +half Hunt removes over one Bell; and when the half Hunt +is removed before or behind the quarter Hunt and Extream +Bells (at which time in a Six-score the Extream is made) +then the quarter Hunt removes over one Bell, in the same +course as the half hunt moves, when the whole Hunt is before +or behind. An Example I will set down, which is 1, 2 and 3 +all up, that is to say, treble the whole Hunt, and to hunt +up, second the half Hunt, and to half hunt up, and third the +quarter Hunt, and to quarter hunt up 4, 5 and 6 are Extream +Bells; there is alwayes an Extream Change to be made when +the quarter Hunt comes before or behind the Extream Bells, +there are two wayes to make the Extreams, which are the same +here, as in the Six-score on five, and made by the same Rule, +I will here make it between the two farthest Extream Bells +from the quarter Hunt. Now the treble and second being the +whole Hunt and half Hunt, must be hunted in the same course, +as in the Six-score on five Bells, after this manner. + + 123456 + 213456 + 231456 + 234156 + 234516 + 234561 + 324561 + 324516 + 324156 + 321456 + 312456 + 132456 + 134256 + 314256 + 341256 + 342156 + 342516 + 342561 + 345261 + 345216 + 345126 + 341526 + 314526 + 134526 + 134562 + 314562 + 341562 + 345162 + 345612 + 345621 + +The half Hunt being hunted up, the third is to remove up +over one Bell, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to +remove again thus. + + 435621 + 435612 + 435162 + 431562 + 413562 + 143562 + 143526 + 413526 + 431526 + 435126 + 435216 + 435261 + 432561 + 432516 + 432156 + 431256 + 413256 + 143256 + 142356 + 412356 + 421356 + 423156 + 423516 + 423561 + 243561 + 243516 + 243156 + 241356 + 214356 + 124356 + +The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted down, the quarter +Hunt must remove up over the fifth, and then the whole Hunt +and half Hunt must hunt up again, as in the following Changes. + + 124536 + 214536 + 241536 + 245136 + 245316 + 245361 + 425361 + 425316 + 425136 + 421536 + 412536 + 142536 + 145236 + 415236 + 451236 + 452136 + 452316 + 452361 + 453261 + 453216 + 453126 + 451326 + 415326 + 145326 + 145362 + 415362 + 451362 + 453162 + 453612 + 453621 + +The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter +Hunt must be removed quite up over the sixth, as in this +Change + + 456321 + +the quarter Hunt being hunted up behind the Extream Bells, +yet the Extream Change is not to be made, until the whole +Hunt and half Hunt have both removed thorough the Bells, +as in these Changes. + + 456312 + 456132 + 451632 + 415632 + 145632 + 145623 + 415623 + 451623 + 456123 + 456213 + 456231 + 452631 + 452613 + 452163 + 451263 + 415263 + 145263 + 142563 + 412563 + 421563 + 425163 + 425613 + 425631 + 245631 + 245613 + 245163 + 241563 + 214563 + 124563 + +It is to be observed for a constant Rule, that when the +quarter Hunt removes either quite up behind the Extream +Bells, or down before them, the whole Hunt and half Hunt +must hunt through the Bells before the Extream Change is +to be made, as appears by the last Changes. + +The Extream Change is now to be made between the 4 and +5, being the two farthest Extream Bells from the third, +which is the quarter Hunt, thus.-- + + 125463 + +The Extream being made, the whole Hunt, half Hunt, +and quarter Hunt must be hunted as before; and first +the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to be hunted up, as in +these Changes. + + 215463 + 251463 + 254163 + 254613 + 254631 + 524631 + 524613 + 524163 + 521463 + 512463 + 152463 + 154263 + 514263 + 541263 + 542163 + 542613 + 542631 + 546231 + 546213 + 546123 + 541623 + 514623 + 154623 + 154632 + 514632 + 541632 + 546132 + 546312 + 546321 + +The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter +Hunt must hunt down under the sixth, which is the next Bell +to it, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt down +again, as in the Changes following. + + 543621 + 543612 + 543162 + 541362 + 514362 + 154362 + 154326 + 514326 + 541326 + 543126 + 543216 + 543261 + 542361 + 542316 + 542136 + 541236 + 514236 + 154236 + 152436 + 512436 + 521436 + 524136 + 524316 + 524361 + 254361 + 254316 + 254136 + 251436 + 215436 + 125436 + +The quarter Hunt must be hunted down under the Fourth, +and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to hunt up again, +as appears by these changes. + + 125346 + 215346 + 251346 + 253146 + 253416 + 253461 + 523461 + 523416 + 523146 + 521346 + 512346 + 152346 + 153246 + 513246 + 531246 + 532146 + 532416 + 532461 + 534261 + 534216 + 534126 + 531426 + 513426 + 153426 + 153462 + 513462 + 531462 + 534162 + 534612 + 534621 + +Now the quarter hunt is to be hunted down before the +Extream Bells, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to +hunt again before the Extream Change is made. + + 354621 + 354612 + 354162 + 351462 + 315462 + 135462 + 135426 + 315426 + 351426 + 354126 + 354216 + 354261 + 352461 + 352416 + 352146 + 351246 + 315246 + 135246 + 132546 + 312546 + 321546 + 325146 + 325416 + 325461 + 235461 + 235416 + 235146 + 231546 + 213546 + 123546 + +The quarter Hunt being before the Extream Bells, the +Extream Change is to be made: + +Here are just Twelve-score Changes already set down, and +the Bells may either be brought round, and so make an end +at the Twelve-score, or else proceed forward to the end of +the Seven hundred and twenty. If the bells are not brought +round here, they cannot come round, until the Seven-hundred +and twenty Changes are all made, and then they come round +in course. To bring the Bells round at the end of these +Twelve-score Changes, the Extream is to be made between +the 5 and 4, which were the two Bells that made the last +Extream Change, and brings them round in their right places +again, as appears by these figures + + 123456. + +There are but two Extream Changes in every Twelve-score, +wherein 'tis constantly observed, that the last Extream +Change is to be made between those two Bells which made +the first Extream, otherwise the Bells would not come +round at the end of the Twelve-score. + +Here I have somewhat deviated from my directions before, +in making the Extream Changes; for in the last Change, which +is 123456, I made the Extream between the two nearest Extream +Bells to the quarter Hunt; but the Twelve-score Changes are +an imperfect Peal, being only a third part of the Changes +which are to be made on six Bells, and therefore not to be +brought round, unless the last Extream Change is made out +of course. To have proceeded forward in the 720, the last +Extream should have been made between the 4 and 6, which +are the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt, +the Change next before the Extream, is 123546; now the 4 +and 6 making an Extream Change, the Bells stand thus, 123564; +the Extream being made, the whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and +quarter _hunt_ are to be hunted as before, and the Extream +Changes to be made between the two farthest Extream Bells from +the quarter _hunt_, which course will bring the Bells round in +their right places at the end of the 720. In every 720, there +are six Extream Changes, there being Six-score Changes between +each. The Twelve-score Changes are to be Rang with any whole +_hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_, observing to make +the last Extream Change between those two Bells which made +the first. + +The 720 plain Changes are to be rang or set down One +thousand four hundred and forty several wayes, by altering +the whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, quarter _hunt_, and Extream +Bells (but the course of each is the same with that which +is before set down) which I thus demonstrate. On 6 Bells, +there are 120 several _hunts_, (viz.) a whole _hunt_, half +_hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ Six-score several times, and not +one and the same whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter +_hunt_ twice, as appears by these Figures.-- + + 123 213 312 412 512 612 + 124 214 314 413 513 613 + 125 215 315 415 514 614 + 126 216 316 416 516 615 + 132 231 321 421 521 621 + 134 234 324 423 523 623 + 135 235 325 425 524 624 + 136 236 326 426 526 625 + 142 241 341 431 531 631 + 143 243 342 432 532 632 + 145 245 345 435 534 634 + 146 246 346 436 536 635 + 152 251 351 451 541 641 + 153 253 352 452 542 642 + 154 254 354 453 543 643 + 156 256 356 456 546 645 + 162 261 361 461 561 651 + 163 263 362 462 562 652 + 164 264 364 463 563 653 + 165 265 365 465 564 654 + --- --- --- --- --- --- + +These Figures stand three and three together, each three +represents the three Hunts; that is, the first is the whole +Hunt, the second Figure the half Hunt, and the third the +quarter Hunt; for Example, the first three are 123, the +treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and +the third the quarter Hunt: The next three Figures are 124, +there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half +Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt; and the last three +Figures are 654, where the sixth is the whole Hunt, the +fifth the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and +so of all the rest. + +With one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, +the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are to be Rang, +or set down twelve several wayes; for instance, take the +first three Hunts in these Figures, which are 123, where +the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, +and the third the quarter Hunt, which may be hunted six +several wayes, as followeth. + + Treble, second and third, all up. + Treble and second up, third down. + Treble up, second and third down. + Treble, second and third, all down. + Treble and second down, third up. + Treble down, second and third up. + +Each of these are to be Rang two wayes, one is to make +the Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells from +the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the Extream +between the two next Bells to the quarter Hunt. + +By treble, second and third all up, is meant, that the +treble is the whole _hunt_, and to hunt up the first +Change at the beginning of the Peal; the second is the +half _hunt_, and to half hunt up; that is, to move up +towards the hindmost Bells the first time it moves at +the beginning of the Peal; and the third is the quarter +_hunt_, and to move likewise toward the hindmost Bells +the first time it removes. And by treble and second up, +and third down, is meant, that the treble and second +are to move up towards the hindmost Bell, the first time +each removes at the beginning of the Peal; and the third +being the quarter _hunt_, is to move down the first time, +which are only directions for moving the _hunts_ at first, +because they may be hunted either up or down. + +Sometimes it happens, that the _hunts_ cannot be hunted +that way which is proposed, as in the 720, treble, second +and third all down.-- + + 123456 + +The whole _hunt_ which is the treble, should now be hunted +down; but it being already before the Bells, insomuch that +it can be removed no lower; I should therefore remove the +half _hunt_ down, but that being also down as low as it +can go, I should move the quarter _hunt_; and that being +also down before the Extream Bells, I can move it no lower, +unless I should move it down under the second, which is the +half _hunt_, which must not be done; for when the quarter +_hunt_ is down next before the _Extream Bell_, it must be +removed no lower; and when it is up next behind _Extream +Bell_, it is to be removed up no higher; therefore it being +now before the _Extream Bell_, the _Extream Change_ is to +be made the first of all; and when that is done, the treble, +second and third must be hunted up in course. Or if you make +treble and second down, and third up, then the first Change +is to be made, by moving the quarter _Hunt_ up over one _Bell_. +And again, if you make Treble and Tenor both up, and Third +down, first hunt up the Treble, and then the Tenor, which +is the half _Hunt_, should be moved up; but it being already +behind, the quarter _Hunt_, which is the Third, must move +under one _Bell_, and then the whole _Hunt_ and half are +to hunt in course after each other: Many Examples of this +Nature I could set down, which for brevity sake I omit. + +I might demonstrate how the 720 are to be Rang twelve wayes, +with each of the Six-score Hunts, as I did that of treble, +second and third; but I think that altogether needless, since +that Example makes it most plain and easie to be understood: +But I will give a general Rule for hunting any whole Hunt, +half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, so as to produce six several +wayes to Ring the 720 Changes, which is this: + + Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, all hunted up. + Whole Hunt, and half Hunt hunted up, and quarter Hunt down. + Whole Hunt hunted up, half Hunt and quarter Hunt down. + Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt hunted down. + Whole Hunt and half Hunt hunted down, and quarter Hunt up. + Whole Hunt hunted down, half Hunt and quarter Hunt hunted up. + +Which is a general Rule to Ring the 720 six wayes on any one +of the Six-score Hunts; each of which six wayes, may be Rang +two wayes more, by altering the _Extream Changes_, one of which +is to make the _Extream Changes_ between the two next _Extream +Bells_ to the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the +_Extreams_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from it. + +The 720 Changes are to be Rang 12 wayes with one whole Hunt, +half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; so that with the Six-score Hunts, +it is to be Rang Six-score times twelve wayes, which makes +One thousand four hundred and forty several wayes to Ring +this 720 plain Changes. + +In the 720, the half Hunt, the quarter Hunt, and the three +_Extream_ Bells, makes the Six-score Changes on 5 Bells +in a perfect course, the half Hunt and quarter hunt in the +720, being the whole Hunt and half Hunt in the Six-score; +for Example, take the 23456, and set down the Six-score +Changes on them, making the second the whole hunt, and +the third the half hunt; which when you have set down, +then take the Treble, and hunt it through every Change of +that Six-score, and it will make 720 Changes, the same with +those which I have set down before, The Twenty-four Changes +on four Bells, and the six changes on three Bells, have +also a perfect course in the 720, in the same manner as I +told you they had in the Six-scores on five Bells. There +is always one change in the Six-score made every time the +whole hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is every +sixth change; and there's one change of the Twenty-four +made, every time the whole hunt and half hunt comes before +or behind the bells, which is once in thirty changes; and +one change of the six made every extream, that is once in +six-score changes. You may take the six-score changes on +five bells, treble the whole, and second the half hunt, +before set down; and hunt the sixth bell through every +change of that six score, which will make the 720 changes; +Tenor the whole hunt, Treble the half hunt, and Second the +quarter hunt. + +This is not material for a Learner to know, it being only +for the instructions of those that know how to Ring it, +but yet are ignorant of the true grounds thereof; therefore +I have dissected it, and shewed the grounds of each part +of it. + +In this place, I will add a word or two to those that +practise to Ring the Changes. + +They that Ring the extream bells in the Twenty-four +changes, must mind and observe the motion of the hunt, +that they may the better know when to make the extream +changes; and likewise in a six-score on five bells, +he that Rings the half hunt, must observe the motion of +the whole hunt; and they that Ring the extream bells, +must observe the motions both of the whole hunt, and half +hunt, that they may know when the half hunt is to move, +and also when to make the extream changes; or else he that +does Ring the half hunt, may give notice of the extream +changes (by saying _Extream_) the change next before the +extream is to be made. The same is to be observed in the +changes on six bells. The whole hunt is the easiest bell +to Ring in any changes, the half hunt is more plain and +easie to Ring, than an extream bell. All changes are to +be Rang either by _walking_ them (as the term is) or else +Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By _walking_ them, is meant, +that the bells go round, four, six, eight times, or more, +in one change, which is commonly used by young Practisers; +it may be sometimes on five bells, Ringing the Twenty-four +changes on the treble, second, third, and fourth, the fifth +bell striking behind every change; and many other changes +of the like nature may be practised this way by young Ringers. +Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, +Fore-stroke and Back-stroke, and in a change; so that every +time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change +differing from that at the Back-stroke next before; this +Whole-pulls was altogether practised in former time, but of +late there is a more quick and ready way practised, called +Half-pulls, which is--only one round in a change, that is, one +change made at the Fore-stroke, and another at the Back-stroke, +which way is now altogether in use (unless it be at some great +bells, which are too weighty to be managed up so high a Compass +at the Back-stroke, as Half-pulls requires) it being now a +common thing in _London_ to Ring the 720 _Changes_, _Trebles +and Doubles_, and _Grandsire Bob_, _Half-pulls_, (which is +commonly Rang with so round and quick a Compass, that in the +space of half an hour, or little more, the 720 Changes are +Rang out from the beginning to the end.) And also the Six-scores +_Doubles and Singles_, _Old Doubles_, _Grandsire_, and many +other cross Peals on five bells, are commonly Rang Half-pulls. + +In Ringing Half-pulls some Peals do cut Compass, that +is--the whole _hunt_ comes to lead at the Back-stroke, +to remedy which, make the first change of the Peal at +the Back-stroke. + +By these following Rules, you shall know what Peals do +cut Compass, and what not (i.e.) of plain and single +changes. _On six Bells_, + +In hunting either the treble, the third, or the fifth bells +down, cuts Compass; hunting them up, does not cut Compass. + +In hunting the second, fourth, or sixth bells up, cuts +Compass; but hunting them down, does not cut Compass. + +These Rules (leaving out the Tenor) serves for five +bells; and leaving out the fifth and Tenor, they serve +for four bells. + + + + + The + Twelve score LONG HUNTS: + Or the + ESQUIRE'S Twelve-score. + + +This Peal is to be Rang on six bells, having two whole +_hunts_, and one half _hunt_; the common way of Ringing, +it is to make the fifth and Tenor the whole _hunts_, and +the Treble the half _hunt_. The Tenor and fifth does each +_hunt_ down by turns, and when either of them comes down +before the bells, it leads twice, and then _hunts_ up again. + +The Treble, second, third, and fourth, makes the Twenty-four +changes, one of which is made every time either of the whole +_hunts_ leads: For instance, the Tenor is first to be _hunted_ +down, thus.-- + + 123456 + 123465 + 123645 + 126345 + 162345 + 612345 + +The tenor being hunted down, and lying before the +bells, there is one change in the Twenty-four now to +be made between treble and second, thus.-- + + 621345 + +The tenor is to be hunted up into its place, and the fifth +hunts down.-- + + 261345 + 216345 + 213645 + 213465 + 213456 + 213546 + 215346 + 251346 + 521346 + +The fifth being now before the bells, there is another +change in the Twenty-four to be made between the treble +and third, as in this change.-- + + 523146 + +The fifth is now to hunt up, and the tenor to hunt down +again, in which course they continue to the end of the +Peal, observing to make an extream change, when the +treble (which is the hunt in the Twenty-four) comes +before or behind the extream bells. + + 253146 + 235146 + 231546 + 231456 + 231465 + 231645 + +This Peal may be Rang by making the Twenty-four changes +Doubles and Singles, in the place of the Twenty-four plain +Changes, and many other wayes, which I leave to the Learner +to practise. + + + + +The Variety of Changes on any Number of Bells. + + +The changes on bells do multiply infinitely. On two bells +there are two changes. On three bells are three times as +many changes as there are on two; that is--three times two +changes, which makes six. On four bells there are four times +as many changes as on three; that is--four times six changes, +which makes Twenty-four. On five bells there are five times +as many changes as there are on four bells; that is--five +times Twenty-four changes, which makes Six-score. On six +bells are six times as many changes as there are on five; +that is--six times Six-score changes, which makes Seven-hundred +and twenty: And in the same manner, by increasing the number of +bells, they multiply innumerably, as in the Table of Figures +next following; where each of the Figures in the Column of the +left hand, standing directly under one another (which are +1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.) do represent the number of +bells; and the Figures going along towards the right hand, +directly from each of those twelve Figures, are the number +of changes to be rung on that number of bells which the +Figure represents: For Example, the uppermost Figure on the +left hand is 2, which stands for two bells; and the Figure +next to it on the right hand is also 2, which stands for +two changes; that is to say, on two bells there are two +changes. The next Figure below in the left Column is 3, +which stands for three Bells; and the Figure next to it +on the right hand is 6, which stands for six changes; that +is--on three bells are six changes, and so of the rest as +follows. + + bells changes + + 2 2 + 3 6 + 4 24 + 5 120 + 6 720 + 7 5040 + 8 40320 + 9 362880 + 10 3628800 + 11 39916800 + 12 479001600 + +The lowest of these figures are 479001600, that is, Four +hundred seventy nine Millions, one thousand six hundred, +which are all the changes that can be made on twelve bells: +And supposing that twelve men should take 12 bells with +intent to ring the changes on them, they would be Seventy +five Years, ten Months, one Week and three Dayes in ringing +them, according to the proportion of ringing 720 changes +in an hour; reckoning 24 hours to the day, and 365 dayes +in the Year. + +Having given Directions for all sorts of plain and single +Changes, I will now proceed to Cross-peals, and first to +Doubles and Singles on four Bells. + + + + +Doubles And Singles on four Bells. + + +On four bells there are 24 changes to be made Doubles +and Singles, wherein are twelve double changes, and 12 +single; next to every double change, there is a single; +so that 2 double changes do not come together in any place +throughout the Peal, neither does two single changes at any +time come together; but one change is double, and the next +is single, to the end of the Peal. Every double change is +made between the four bells; that is--there are two changes +made at one time, between the bells in treble and seconds +places, and the bells in third and fourths places. Every +single change is made between the two bells in the middle +(i.e.) in seconds and thirds places; excepting the extream +changes, which are single, and made between the two farthest +extream bells from the Hunt. An Example I here set down, +making the treble the Hunt, and I hunt it up at the beginning +of the Peal (for it may be hunted either up or down at pleasure) +and I make an extream change every time the whole Hunt comes +before the bells. In ringing it, 'tis observed, that every +bell hunts in course, and lies twice before, and twice behind, +except only when the extream is to be made, and then the two +farthest extream bells from the Hunt, does make a dodge, and +then moves in their former course, as in these changes.-- + + 1234 + 2143 + 2413 + 4231 + 4321 + 3412 + 3142 + 1324 + +Now the hunt is before the bells, there is an extream +change made between the two farthest bells from it, which +are the 2 and 4, thus.-- + + 1342 + +The extream change being made, the bells are to move, +as before, observing to make an extream change every time +the whole hunt comes before the bells. + + 3124 + 3214 + 2341 + 2431 + 4213 + 4123 + 1432 + 1423 + 4132 + 4312 + 3421 + 3241 + 2314 + 2134 + 1243 + 1234 + +In this last Twenty-four, the treble is hunted up at the +beginning; it may be rang by hunting it down, which is to +be down, by making the first a single change, and then hunt +it up as before. + +With one hunt this Peal may be rang six wayes (viz.) three +wayes in hunting it up at the beginning of each Peal, and +the other three wayes by hunting it down; the three wayes +in hunting it up, differs only in making the extream changes; +in one of the three wayes you must make an extream change +every time the hunt comes before the bells to lead, as in +the Twenty-four changes before set down. Another way is to +make an extream every time the hunt comes behind. And the +third way, is to make an extream every time the hunt comes +before and behind the bells. The three wayes in hunting it +down, are to be rang by making the extream changes, as in +the three wayes before; in hunting one bell, there are six +wayes to ring this Peal; therefore with the four bells (in +making each of them to hunt) there are four times six wayes +to ring it, which makes Twenty-four several wayes. And for +the benefit of the Learner, I have set down certain Rules, +shewing how to begin any of the aforesaid Peals (viz.) + +In hunting either the treble or third up, the first change +is double; but in hunting either of them down, the first +is single. + +In hunting the second or the fourth up, the first change +is single; but in hunting either of them down, the first +change in each Peal must be double. + + + + +Doubles and Singles on five Bells. + + +There is a Peal to be rang on five bells, called Doubles +and Singles, wherein are Six-score several changes, sixty +of which are double changes, and sixty are single; the double +and single changes are so intermixt, that two double changes +does not at any time come together in the Six-score; neither +are two single changes made next to each other in any part +of this Peal, but one change is double, and the next single, +in which course they are made to the end. Every double change +is made between the four foremost bells (i.e.) in treble, +second, third, and fourth places. When the whole hunt is +hunting up, each single change is made between the whole +hunt, and the next bell above it. In hunting down the single +changes are made between the whole hunt, and the next bell +below it, the whole hunt being alwayes one of the two bells +which makes every single change, except only when it leads, +and then the single change is made in third and fourths places; +but the extream is also a single change, and made (when the +whole hunt leads) between the two farthest extream bells +from the half hunt; the half hunt is to lie either before +or behind the extream bells, when the extream changes are +made, of which I shall shew you more anon. + +In this Peal there is a whole hunt, a half hunt, and three +extream Bells; the whole hunt in a direct course does hunt +up and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind all +the way; every other bell leads twice together throughout +the Peal. + +And when the whole hunt leaves the thirds place, hunting up, +then every bell that comes into second and thirds places, +does lie in each of those places twice together, until the +whole hunt comes down again into thirds place, at which time +the bell in fourths place lies there twice, and then makes +a dodge with the bell in thirds place (unless an extream +change is to be made) and so removes directly down before +the bells. And that bell which comes into the tenors place +(when the whole hunt leaves that place hunting down) lies +still there, until the whole hunt removes up into that place +again, except only when the extream is made behind, and then +the bell in fourths place moves into tenors place, and lies +there until the whole hunt moves up into that place. + +With one whole hunt, and half hunt, this Peal may be rang +six wayes, in three of which the whole hunt is to be hunted +up at the beginning of each Peal, which three wayes differs +only in making the extream changes. One way, is to make an +extream change every time the half hunt comes before the +extream bells, as in the following Six-score. The second +way, is to make an extream change every time the half hunt +comes behind the extream bells. And the third way, is to +make an extream every time, the half hunt comes before and +behind the extream bells. In this last way there are six +extreams in each Peal, but in the other two ways there are +but three extreams in each Peal. + +The three wayes aforesaid, are to be rang, by hunting up +the whole hunt; but it may be rang three wayes more, in +hunting down the same whole hunt, in which three ways the +extreams are to be made, as I shewed you before. The whole +hunt is alwayes to lead when every extream change is made. + +This Peal I have set down at large, making the treble the +whole hunt, the second the half hunt; and an extream change +every time the half hunt comes before the extream bells, +as in the following changes. I have drawn a Line between +the figures at the extream changes, that next below the +Line is the extream. + + 12345 + 21435 + 24135 + 42315 + 42351 + 24531 + 24513 + 42153 + 41253 + 14523 + 14253 + 41523 + 45123 + 54213 + 54231 + 45321 + 45312 + 54132 + 51432 + 15342 + 15432 + 51342 + 53142 + 35412 + 35421 + 53241 + 53214 + 35124 + 31524 + 13254 + 13524 + 31254 + 32154 + 23514 + 23541 + 32451 + 32415 + 23145 + 21345 + 12435 + ----- + 12453 + 21543 + 25143 + 52413 + 52431 + 25341 + 25314 + 52134 + 51234 + 15324 + 15234 + 51324 + 53124 + 35214 + 35241 + 53421 + 53412 + 35142 + 31542 + 13452 + 13542 + 31452 + 34152 + 43512 + 43521 + 34251 + 34215 + 43125 + 41325 + 14235 + 14325 + 41235 + 42135 + 24315 + 24351 + 42531 + 42513 + 24153 + 21453 + 12543 + ----- + 12534 + 21354 + 23154 + 32514 + 32541 + 23451 + 23415 + 32145 + 31245 + 13425 + 13245 + 31425 + 34125 + 43215 + 43251 + 34521 + 34512 + 43152 + 41352 + 14532 + 14352 + 41532 + 45132 + 54312 + 54321 + 45231 + 45213 + 54123 + 51423 + 15243 + 15423 + 51243 + 52143 + 25413 + 25431 + 52341 + 52314 + 25134 + 21534 + 12354 + ----- + 12345 + +This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; there being +twenty hunts on five bells (that is--a whole hunt, and half +hunt twenty times on five bells, and not one and the same +whole hunt and half hunt twice, as I shewed more at large +in the plain changes on five bells before set down) and +with each hunt, that is, with one whole hunt and half hunt, +it may be rang six wayes; so that multiply twenty, (which +are the number of hunts) by six, (which are the number of +Peals to be rung on each hunt) and it will produce Six-score +several wayes to ring it. + +It may be prick't, or rang Six-score several wayes more, by +making the extream changes when the whole hunt lies behind +the bells, but those wayes are never practised; neither do +I think it material to say any thing more of them in this +place, having only inserted this, to shew the great variety +there is in this Peal. It being somewhat difficult to know +the true way of beginning each Peal, I have therefore set +down certain Rules, shewing how the first changes in each +are to be made. + +In hunting the treble, the third, or the fifth bells up, +the first change in each Peal is to be made double. + +In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in +third and fourths places, unless the half hunt lies so, +as that the extream is to be made. + +In hunting the third or fifth down, the first change is +to be made single, between the whole hunt, and the next +bell below it. + +In hunting up the second or fourth, the first change in +each Peal is single, between the whole hunt, and the next +bell above it. + +In hunting down the second or fourth, the first change is +to be made double. + +Every double change in all the Peals of Doubles and +Singles, is made between the four foremost bells; that +is--in treble, second, third and fourths places. + + + + +Tendring's Six-score on five Bells. + + +In this Peal are contained Six-score changes, which are +Doubles and Singles, there being sixty double changes in it, +and sixty single, which are so intermixt, that two double +changes does not come together in any part of the Peal; +neither are there 2 single changes at any time made together, +but one change is double, and the next to it is single; in +which course the changes are all made to the end of the Peal. +Every single change is made between the 2 hindmost bells. +There is a whole hunt and half hunt in it. The observation +in ringing it, is this: When the whole hunt lies before the +bells, and is to hunt up, first it moves up into seconds +place, where it lies twice; then into thirds place, where +it lies also twice; then into the fourths place, where it +lies once; and in the tenors place once: Then it makes a +dodge with the bell in fourths place, after which it lies +twice behind; then it moves down into fourths place, and +makes a dodge with the bell in tenors place, and then moves +down into thirds place, where it lies twice, and in the +seconds place twice, and then it leads four times; after +which, it hunts again, as before. The course of the other +four bells are exactly the same with that of the whole hunt, +in moving up and down, except only when the Bob changes are +made, and then they differ; but after the Bobs are made, +their course is the same as before; every bell lies four +times together before the bells, and twice in the seconds +place without any alteration. In this Peal are two sorts +of Bobs; one of which is called a double Bob, and the other +a single Bob. The Rule for making the double Bob is this, +when the whole hunt is hunting down, and lies in the seconds +place, and the half hunt lies behind, then there's a double +Bob; that is, two Bob-changes; one of which is made the next +change, wherein the whole hunt moves down to lead; where +having led four times, there is then another Bob-change to +be made, in which the whole hunt moves up into the seconds +place. The Rule for making the single Bob, is this, when +the whole hunt has led four times, and the half hunt lies +in thirds place; then the next change following is a single +Bob, that is--one Bob-change, in which the whole hunt moves +out of the trebles place up into the seconds place, every +Bob is a double change, and made between the two first, and +two last bells, the bell in thirds place lying still when +each Bob is made, where it lies four times together, and +then moves down; every time the whole hunt comes before the +bells, there is either a single Bob, or a double Bob made. +At every double Bob, those two bells that do dodge behind +at the first Bob-change, continues dodging until the whole +hunt moves up, and parts them: And likewise at the single +Bob, those 2 bells which do dodge behind at the Bob-change, +continue dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and parts +them, as in the following changes, where the treble is the +whole hunt, the tenor the half hunt, and the first is a +Bob-change, being supposed to be the second Bob-change of +a double Bob. + + 12345 + 21354 + 21345 + 23154 + 23145 + 32415 + 32451 + 34215 + 34251 + 43521 + 43512 + 45321 + 45312 + 54132 + 54123 + 51432 + 51423 + 15243 + 15234 + 12543 + 12534 + 21543 + 21534 + 25143 + 25134 + 52314 + 52341 + 53214 + 53241 + 35421 + 35412 + 34521 + 34512 + 43152 + 43125 + 41352 + 41325 + 14352 + 14325 + 13452 + 13425 + 31452 + 31425 + 34152 + 34125 + 43215 + 43251 + 42315 + 42351 + 24531 + 24513 + 25431 + 25413 + 52143 + 52134 + 51243 + 51234 + 15324 + 15342 + 13524 + 13542 + 31524 + 31542 + 35124 + 35142 + 53412 + 53421 + 54312 + 54321 + 45231 + 45213 + 42531 + 42513 + 24153 + 24135 + 21453 + 21435 + 12453 + 12435 + 14253 + 14235 + 41253 + 41235 + 42153 + 42135 + 24315 + 24351 + 23415 + 23451 + 32541 + 32514 + 35241 + 35214 + 53124 + 53142 + 51324 + 51342 + 15432 + 15423 + 14532 + 14523 + 41532 + 41523 + 45132 + 45123 + 54213 + 54231 + 52413 + 52431 + 25341 + 25314 + 23541 + 23514 + 32154 + 32145 + 31254 + 31245 + 13254 + 13245 + 12354 + 12345 + +This Peal was made out of _Grandsire_ on five bells, +the Bob-changes in this, being the same with those in +_Grandsire_, and made by the same Rule. + + + + +Paradox on five Bells. + + +This Peal of _Paradox_ is to be rang on five bells, wherein +are Six-score changes, they are Doubles and Singles; that +is--one change double, and another single; in which course +they are made to the end of the Peal. Every single change +is made in second and thirds places, except only when the +whole Hunt leads, and then 'tis made in third and fourths +places; but the extream Changes are (also single) and made +between the two farthest extream bells from the half Hunt; +the whole Hunt lies before the bells, when every extream +change is made. Every bell lies four times together before, +and four times behind, except only when the extream changes +are made behind. There is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and +three extream bells; the course of the whole Hunt is this, +it being before the bells, first it moves up into the second +and thirds places, then it makes a dodge with the bell in +seconds place, and moves out of the thirds place up into +fourths, where it lies alwayes twice, then moves up behind, +where it lies four times, and then moves down into fourths +place, where having lay twice, it hunts down into seconds +place, and makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place, and +then moves down before the bells, where having lay twice, +it hunts as before; each of the other bells has the same +course (in hunting up and down) as the whole Hunt until +the whole Hunt leads, at which time every bell that comes +into seconds place lies there twice together, unless the +extream change is to be made in second and thirds places. + +In this following Peal the treble is the whole Hunt, and +the second the half Hunt; the extream changes are made, +when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells. + + 12435 + 21435 + 24135 + 21453 + 24153 + 42513 + 45213 + 42531 + 45231 + 54321 + 53421 + 54312 + 53412 + 35142 + 31542 + 35124 + 31524 + 13254 + 13524 + 15342 + 15432 + 51342 + 53142 + 51324 + 53124 + 35214 + 32514 + 35241 + 32541 + 23451 + 24351 + 23415 + 24315 + 42135 + 41235 + 42153 + 41253 + 14523 + 14253 + 12435 + ----- + 12453 + 21543 + 25143 + 21534 + 25134 + 52314 + 53214 + 52341 + 53241 + 35421 + 34521 + 35412 + 34512 + 43152 + 41352 + 43125 + 41325 + 14235 + 14325 + 13452 + 13542 + 31452 + 34152 + 31425 + 34125 + 43215 + 42315 + 43251 + 42351 + 24531 + 25431 + 24513 + 25413 + 52143 + 51243 + 52134 + 51234 + 15324 + 15234 + 12543 + ----- + 12534 + 21354 + 23154 + 21345 + 23145 + 32415 + 34215 + 32451 + 34251 + 43521 + 45321 + 43512 + 45312 + 54132 + 51432 + 54123 + 51423 + 15243 + 15423 + 14532 + 14352 + 41532 + 45132 + 41523 + 45123 + 54213 + 52413 + 54231 + 52431 + 25341 + 23541 + 25314 + 23514 + 32154 + 31254 + 32145 + 31245 + 13425 + 13245 + 12354 + ----- + 12345 + +I have drawn a Line between the Figures at the extream +changes, that next below each Line is the extream; the +first extream is Forty changes from the beginning. + +This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changes +Doubles and Singles on four bells. The half Hunt, +and three extream bells in this Peal, makes the Twenty +four changes in a perfect course. There are four changes +made in the Twenty-four every time the whole Hunt leads, +which coming before the bells six times in the Six-score, +and each time lying there four times together, makes six +times four changes, which is Twenty four. 'Tis easily made +out, if you take every change that is made when the whole +Hunt is before the bells in the Six-score before, and set +the changes down by themselves (leaving out the treble) +where you will find, that the second, third, fourth and +fifth, make the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, +in a perfect course; second is the Hunt, and the extreams +are made when the Hunt is before. + +_Paradox_ may be rang Six-score several wayes. With one +whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be rang six wayes, +in three of which the whole Hunt is to be hunted up; +and in the other three wayes it is to be hunted down, +in which six wayes the extream changes are to be made +by the same Rules, and in the same manner, as I shewed +before in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on five bells; +so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be prick't or rang +twenty times six wayes, which makes Six-score. + +This Peal may be prick't Six-score wayes more, by making +the extreams when the whole Hunt lies behind the bells, +but that being never practised, I will say no more of it. I +have here set down some general Rules for beginning the +several Peals of _Paradox_ by the former course (i.e.) in +making the extreams when the whole Hunt is before the bells. + +In hunting the treble up, the first change is double +between the four first bells, thus.-- + + 12345 + 21435 + +In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in +third and fourths places + + (thus.--12345 + 12435) + +unless the half Hunt lies so, that the extreams may +be made. + +Second up, the first change is single in second and thirds +places, thus.-- + + 12345 + 13245 + +Second down, the first change is double between the four +first bells. + +Third up, the first change is double between the four +first bells. + +Third down, the first change is single in second and +thirds places. + +Fourth up, the first change is double between the four +hindmost bells, thus.-- + + 12345 + 13254 + +Fourth down, the first change is double between the four +first bells. + +Fifth up, the first change is single in second and thirds +places. + +Fifth down, the first change is double between the four +hindmost bells. + +If you observe these Rules aright, together with my former +directions, you may with much ease prick down any Peal of +_Paradox_. + + + + +PHOENIX. On five Bells. + + +This Peal has Six score changes in it, which are Doubles +and Singles; the tenor is the whole Hunt, and the fourth +the half Hunt. Every bell lies twice before, and four times +behind; every single change is made in second and thirds +places, and every bell that comes into fourths place, lies +there twice together, until the tenor comes behind; at which +time, the fourth lying in the seconds place, the next single +change is made in third and fourths places; but the tenor +lying behind, and the fourth in thirds place, then the two +next following single changes are in third and fourths places. + + 12345 + 21354 + 23154 + 32514 + 35214 + 53241 + 52341 + 25431 + 24531 + 42513 + 45213 + 54123 + 51423 + 15432 + 14532 + 41352 + 43152 + 34125 + 34215 + 43125 + 41325 + 14352 + 13452 + 31542 + 35142 + 53124 + 51324 + 15234 + 12534 + 21543 + 25143 + 52413 + 54213 + 45231 + 42531 + 24351 + 23451 + 32415 + 32145 + 23415 + 23145 + 32154 + 31254 + 13524 + 15324 + 51342 + 53142 + 35412 + 34512 + 43521 + 45321 + 54231 + 52431 + 25413 + 24513 + 42153 + 41253 + 14235 + 14325 + 41235 + 42135 + 24153 + 21453 + 12543 + 15243 + 51234 + 52134 + 25314 + 23514 + 32541 + 35241 + 53421 + 54321 + 45312 + 43512 + 34152 + 31452 + 13425 + 13245 + 31425 + 31245 + 13254 + 12354 + 21534 + 25134 + 52143 + 51243 + 15423 + 14523 + 41532 + 45132 + 54312 + 53412 + 35421 + 34521 + 43251 + 42351 + 24315 + 24135 + 42315 + 43215 + 34251 + 32451 + 23541 + 25341 + 52314 + 53214 + 35124 + 31524 + 13542 + 15342 + 51432 + 54132 + 45123 + 41523 + 14253 + 12453 + 21435 + 21345 + 12435 + 12345 + + + + +London Pleasure on five Bells. + + +In this Peal called _London Pleasure_, are Six-score +changes, which are all single. It being a confused Peal +to ring, I shall say nothing more of it, but expose it to +view, as in the following changes. + + 12345 + 21345 + 21354 + 12354 + 12534 + 21534 + 25134 + 25314 + 23514 + 23154 + 23145 + 23415 + 23451 + 23541 + 25341 + 52341 + 52314 + 52134 + 51234 + 15234 + 15243 + 51243 + 52143 + 25143 + 21543 + 12543 + 12453 + 21453 + 24153 + 24513 + 25413 + 52413 + 52431 + 25431 + 24531 + 24351 + 24315 + 24135 + 21435 + 12435 + 14235 + 41235 + 41253 + 14253 + 14523 + 41523 + 45123 + 45213 + 42513 + 42153 + 42135 + 42315 + 42351 + 42531 + 45231 + 54231 + 54213 + 54123 + 51423 + 15423 + ----- + 15432 + ----- + 51432 + 54132 + 45132 + 41532 + 14532 + 14352 + 41352 + 43152 + 43512 + 45312 + 54312 + 54321 + 45321 + 43521 + 43251 + 43215 + 43125 + 41325 + 14325 + 13425 + 31425 + 31452 + 13452 + 13542 + 31542 + 35142 + 35412 + 34512 + 34152 + 34125 + 34215 + 34251 + 34521 + 35421 + 53421 + 53412 + 53142 + 51342 + 15342 + 15324 + 51324 + 53124 + 35124 + 31524 + 13524 + 13254 + 31254 + 32154 + 32514 + 35214 + 53214 + 53241 + 35241 + 32541 + 32451 + 32415 + 32145 + 31245 + 13245 + ----- + 12345 + + + + +What you please. Doubles and Singles on 5 Bells. + + +Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except +when the extream is made behind, and twice in the seconds +place, except when the extream is before; and note, when +the treble is before the fourth stroke, the single is in +second and third, the next time the single is behind; but +at other times, the single is in third and fourths places. +When any bell leaves leading, the double change is on the +two first, and two last, and the extreams are made by turns, +first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there +are six extreams. + + 12345 + 21354 + 21534 + 25143 + 25413 + 52431 + 52341 + 53214 + 53124 + 35142 + 35412 + 34521 + 34251 + 43215 + 43125 + 41352 + 41532 + 14523 + 14253 + 12435 + ----- + 12453 + 21435 + 21345 + 23154 + 23514 + 32541 + 32451 + 34215 + 34125 + 43152 + 43512 + 45321 + 45231 + 54213 + 54123 + 51432 + 51342 + 15324 + 15234 + 12543 + ----- + 15243 + 51234 + 51324 + 53142 + 53412 + 35421 + 35241 + 32514 + 32154 + 23145 + 23415 + 24351 + 24531 + 42513 + 42153 + 41235 + 41325 + 14352 + 14532 + 15423 + ----- + 15432 + 51423 + 51243 + 52134 + 52314 + 25341 + 25431 + 24513 + 24153 + 42135 + 42315 + 43251 + 43521 + 34512 + 34152 + 31425 + 31245 + 13254 + 13524 + 15342 + ----- + 13542 + 31524 + 31254 + 32145 + 32415 + 23451 + 23541 + 25314 + 25134 + 52143 + 52413 + 54231 + 54321 + 45312 + 45132 + 41523 + 41253 + 14235 + 14325 + 13452 + ----- + 13425 + 31452 + 31542 + 35124 + 35214 + 53241 + 53421 + 54312 + 54132 + 45123 + 45213 + 42531 + 42351 + 24315 + 24135 + 21453 + 21543 + 12534 + 12354 + 13245 + ----- + 12345 + + + + +Reading Doubles. On five Bells. + + +In this Peal are Six-score changes, the treble is a Hunt; +and note when treble is in thirds place hunting up, the two +foremost bells dodge until it comes into the same place +hunting downwards; and alwayes when the treble is going +to lead, the four first bells makes the double change, +if the third be behind; but if it be before, the double +is on the two first and two last; every bell lieth twice +behind, except when the treble goes to lead, if the third +be before; and note, when it is 1, 3, 2, there is a single +in second and thirds places, which is twice, once at the +Three-score end, and Six-score end. + + 12345 + 21435 + 24153 + 42513 + 24531 + 42351 + 24315 + 42135 + 41253 + 14523 + 15432 + 51342 + 53124 + 35214 + 53241 + 35421 + 53412 + 35142 + 31524 + 13542 + 15324 + 51234 + 52143 + 25413 + 52431 + 25341 + 52314 + 25134 + 21543 + 12453 + 14235 + 41325 + 43152 + 34512 + 43521 + 34251 + 43215 + 34125 + 31452 + 13425 + 14352 + 41532 + 45123 + 54213 + 45231 + 54321 + 45312 + 54132 + 51423 + 15243 + 12534 + 21354 + 23145 + 32415 + 23451 + 32541 + 23514 + 32154 + 31245 + 13254 + 12354 + 21534 + 25143 + 52413 + 25431 + 52341 + 25314 + 52134 + 51243 + 15423 + 14532 + 41352 + 43125 + 34215 + 43251 + 34521 + 43512 + 34152 + 31425 + 13452 + 14325 + 41235 + 42153 + 24513 + 42531 + 24351 + 42315 + 24135 + 21453 + 12543 + 15234 + 51324 + 53142 + 35412 + 53421 + 35241 + 53214 + 35124 + 31542 + 13524 + 15342 + 51432 + 54123 + 45213 + 54231 + 45321 + 54312 + 45132 + 41523 + 14253 + 12435 + 21345 + 23154 + 32514 + 23541 + 32451 + 23415 + 32145 + 31254 + 13245 + 12345 + + + + +Old Doubles. On five Bells. + + +This Peal call'd _Old Doubles_, is to be rang on five bells, +wherein are Six-score changes, which are all Doubles, except +only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is always a +single change made. It has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and +three extream bells; every bell leads twice together all the +way, and lies twice behind, except only when the whole Hunt +leads, and then the bell behind lies there four times together, +unless the extream is made behind, and then but twice. Every +bell hunts in a perfect course, until the whole Hunt leads, +and then the single is to be made, at which time the bell +in seconds place lies there twice (unless the extream is made +in second and thirds place) and every single change is made +in third and fourths places, except the extreams which are +(in this Peal) made by the same rule and after the same +manner, as I shewed before in the Six-score call'd Doubles +and Singles on five bells. In making the single changes in +third and fourths places, it is observed, that the bell which +lies in fourths place (the change next before the single) is +hunting up; and in making the single change, it does dodge +with the bell in thirds place, and so hunts up behind; and +likewise the bell that lies in thirds place (in the change +next before the single) is hunting down, and in making the +single it does dodge with the bell in fourths place, and +then hunts directly down. + +In this following Peal, the treble is the whole Hunt, the +second the half Hunt, and an extream change is alwayes made, +when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells next to the +whole Hunt; every extream is made between the two farthest +extream bells from the half Hunt, as in the following changes. + + 12345 + 21435 + 24153 + 42513 + 45231 + 54321 + 53412 + 35142 + 31524 + 13254 + 13524 + 31254 + 32145 + 23415 + 24351 + 42531 + 45213 + 54123 + 51432 + 15342 + 15432 + 51342 + 53124 + 35214 + 32541 + 23451 + 24315 + 42135 + 41253 + 14523 + 14253 + 41523 + 45132 + 54312 + 53421 + 35241 + 32514 + 23154 + 21345 + 12435 + 12453 + 21543 + 25134 + 52314 + 53241 + 35421 + 34512 + 43152 + 41325 + 14235 + 14325 + 41235 + 42153 + 24513 + 25431 + 52341 + 53214 + 35124 + 31542 + 13452 + 13542 + 31452 + 34125 + 43215 + 42351 + 24531 + 25413 + 52143 + 51234 + 15324 + 15234 + 51324 + 53142 + 35412 + 34521 + 43251 + 42315 + 24135 + 21453 + 12543 + 12534 + 21354 + 23145 + 32415 + 34251 + 43521 + 45312 + 54132 + 51423 + 15243 + 15423 + 51243 + 52134 + 25314 + 23541 + 32451 + 34215 + 43125 + 41352 + 14532 + 14352 + 41532 + 45123 + 54213 + 52431 + 25341 + 23514 + 32154 + 31245 + 13425 + 13245 + 31425 + 34152 + 43512 + 45321 + 54231 + 52413 + 25143 + 21534 + 12354 + 12345 + +This Peal of _Old Doubles_, is grounded on the Twenty-four +changes Doubles and Singles on four bells, which are made +in a perfect course herein; every time the whole Hunt leads, +there are two changes made in the Twenty-four; the half Hunt, +and three extream bells, makes the Twenty-four changes, and +every single change in this Peal, is a single change in the +Twenty-four. + +This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; with one +whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it is to be rang six wayes +(i.e.) three wayes in hunting up the whole Hunt at the +beginning of the Peal, and the other wayes in hunting +it down; in which six wayes, the Extream Changes are +to be made by the same rule, and in the same manner, +as those in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on five +Bells, and _Paradox_ before set down; so that with the +twenty Hunts, it may be rang twenty times six wayes, +which makes Six-score. + +In these Six-score wayes, the whole Hunt is before the +Bells when every single Change is made; but it may be rang +Six-score several wayes more, by making the single Changes +when the whole Hunt lies behind them, which being never +practised, I will say no more of it. + +For the convenience and benefit of the Practitioner, +I have set down certain rules, shewing how to begin each +Peal of _Old Doubles_ (with any Hunt) by the former course +(i.e.) in making the single Changes, when the whole Hunt +lies before the Bells, these Rules serving only for moving +the whole Hunt at the beginning of each Peal, for it may +be hunted either up or down. + +In hunting either the treble, third, or fifth Bells up, +the first change is made between the four foremost Bells, +thus.-- + + 12345 + 21435 + +--The treble down, the first change is single in third and +fourths places, unless the half Hunt lies so, as that the +Extream is to be made. + +--The third or fifth down, the first change is between +the four hindmost Bells, thus.-- + + 12345 + 13254 + +--The second or fourth up, the first change is between +the four hindmost Bells. + +--The second or fourth down, the first change between the +four foremost Bells. + +In ringing any of these Peals, where the first change is +made between the four hindmost Bells, it must be made at +the Back-stroke, otherwise the Bells will cut Compass all +the way; every double change is made either between the +four foremost, or four hindmost bells. + + + + +New Doubles. On five Bells. + + +In this Peal of _New Doubles_, there are Six-score Changes, +which are all double, except only when the whole Hunt leads, +and then there is alwayes a single Change made; it has a +whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three Extream Bells. The whole +Hunt has a perfect course in hunting up and down, and lies +twice before, and twice behind. When the whole Hunt leaves +the thirds place hunting up, then each Bell that comes into +that place, lies there twice, and then moves up behind; and +the Bells in treble and seconds places, does continue dodging +from the time that the whole Hunt hunts up out of thirds +place, until it comes into that place again hunting down; and +that Bell which comes into thirds place (when the whole Hunt +leaves it hunting down, lies there twice, and then moves up +behind) and the next Bell that comes into that place, lies +there twice also, and then moves down before the Bells. But +note, that Bell which lies in the thirds place (in the Change +next before the Extream) continues there, until the whole +Hunt hunts up into that place, and then it moves down; when +the whole Hunt leads the Bell in seconds place, lies there +twice together, and then moves down before the Bells; and +every Bell that comes behind, lies there twice, except only +in the Change next before, and that next after the whole Hunt +leads; every single Change is made in third and fourths +places, except the Extreams, which are also single Changes, +and made between the two hindmost Bells, when the half Hunt +lies before the Extream Bells next to the whole Hunt. + +These directions are only for Ringing this Peal next +following; but it may be Rang many other wayes, by making +the Extream Changes in other places, of which I shall speak +more anon. + + 12345 + 21354 + 23145 + 32415 + 23451 + 32541 + 23514 + 32154 + 31245 + 13254 + 13524 + 31542 + 35124 + 53214 + 35241 + 53421 + 35412 + 53142 + 51324 + 15342 + 15432 + 51423 + 54132 + 45312 + 54321 + 45231 + 54213 + 45123 + 41532 + 14523 + 14253 + 41235 + 42153 + 24513 + 42531 + 24351 + 42315 + 24135 + 21453 + 12435 + ----- + 12453 + 21435 + 24153 + 42513 + 24531 + 42351 + 24315 + 42135 + 41253 + 14235 + 14325 + 41352 + 43125 + 34215 + 43251 + 34521 + 43512 + 34152 + 31425 + 13452 + 13542 + 31524 + 35142 + 53412 + 35421 + 53241 + 35214 + 53124 + 51342 + 15324 + 15234 + 51243 + 52134 + 25314 + 52341 + 25431 + 52413 + 25143 + 21534 + 12543 + ----- + 12534 + 21543 + 25134 + 52314 + 25341 + 52431 + 25413 + 52143 + 51234 + 15243 + 15423 + 51432 + 54123 + 45213 + 54231 + 45321 + 54312 + 45132 + 41523 + 14532 + 14352 + 41325 + 43152 + 34512 + 43521 + 34251 + 43215 + 34125 + 31452 + 13425 + 13245 + 31254 + 32145 + 23415 + 32451 + 23541 + 32514 + 23154 + 21345 + 12354 + ----- + 12345 + +This Peal may be Rang Six-score several wayes. With one +whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be Rang six wayes; in +three of which, the whole Hunt is to be hunted up, and +in the other three wayes it is to be hunted down; which +six wayes are to be Rang, by making the Extream changes +by the same rules, and in the same manner, as in Doubles +and Singles on five Bells, _Old Doubles_, and _Paradox_, +before set down; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be +Rang twenty times six wayes; which makes Six-score. + +This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four Changes, Doubles +and Singles on four Bells, the half Hunt and three Extream +Bells makes the Twenty-four Changes in perfect course; and +in the same manner, as I shewed you in _Paradox_, and _Old +Doubles_. + +These following rules shews how to begin any Peal of +_New Doubles_. + +In hunting either the treble or fourth up, the first change +must be double between the two first, and two last Bells, +thus.-- + + 12345 + 21354 + +In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in +third and fourths places, unless the extream is to be made. + +--The fourth down, the first change is between the four +first Bells. + +Second up, first change double between the four hindmost +Bells. + +Second down, the first change is double between the two +first, and two last Bells. + +Third up, first change double between the four foremost +Bells. + +Third down, first change double between the four hindmost +Bells. + +Fifth up, double between the four first Bells. + +Fifth down, first change double, two first and two last +Bells. + + + + +Grandsire on five Bells. + + +_Grandsire_ is the best and most ingenious Peal that ever was +composed, to be rang on five bells, it having no dependance +on the course of any other Peal. There are Sixscore changes +in it, in pricking of which, there is the greatest variety of +any other Peal whatsoever; for it may be prick't or rang some +thousands of wayes. The common way of ringing it, is to make +the Bobs and single changes when the whole Hunt leads, which +course and method I will first set down, and afterward say +something of the other wayes in ringing it. It has a whole +hunt and half hunt, the changes are all double except two, +which are single. The whole hunt has a perfect course in +hunting up and down, and lies twice together before, and +twice behind all the way; every other bell has the same +course as the whole hunt, in moving and hunting up and down; +and each bell lead twice together all the way, and lie twice +together behind, except only at the Bobs. Every Bob-change is +made between the two first and two last bells, the bell in +thirds place lies full when every Bob-change is made, and +then moves down; and every other double change is made between +the four bells that stand together (viz.) either the four +first, or four last bells. There are two sorts of Bobs, one +of which is call'd a single Bob, and the other a double. The +Rule for making the single Bob is this--When the whole hunt +leads, and the half hunt lies in thirds place, the next is a +Bob-change; in making of which, the whole hunt moves out of +the trebles place up into the seconds place hunting up, and +the bell which lies behind in the change next before the Bob, +makes a dodge with the bell in fourths place, and then lies +twice behind; and that bell which did dodge with the bell in +tenors place, moves directly down; this is a single Bob, that +is, one Bob-change. The Rule for making the double Bob is +this--When the whole hunt lies in the seconds place hunting +down, and the half hunt behind, then there is a double Bob, +that is, two Bob-changes, one of which is made the next +change wherein the whole Hunt moves out of the seconds place +down before the bells, and the other bob is made the next +change but one to it, in which the whole Hunt moves from +before the bells up into the seconds place; the bell which +lies in the thirds place when every Bob-change is made, lies +there twice, and then moves down. And at every double Bob, +the two hindmost bells continue dodging until the whole Hunt +moves up into the seconds place, and parts them. Every time +the whole Hunt comes before the bells, there is either a +single Bob, or double Bob made, which comes by turns, one +single, and the next double throughout the Peal. + +The greatest variety of this Peal consists in making the +single changes. In this way of Ringing it (with any whole +Hunt and half Hunt) the first single change may be made +either at the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth +Bobs, at the single or double Bobs at pleasure; observing +for a constant Rule, that the half Hunt is alwayes one of +the two bells which makes every single change; for the single +changes are so contrived, that (in making them) the whole +Hunt and half Hunt are to continue their constant course as +at other times. At the single Bob, the single change is made +in seconds and thirds places; and at the double Bob, 'tis +made in fourth and fifths places, the other three bells lying +still in their places, whil'st each single change is made; +the next change to each single, is a Bob-change; every single +change is made when the whole hunt lies before the bells; +there being alwayes sixty changes, from the first single +change to the second; if the first single change is made at a +single bob, then the second single change must be made at the +third single bob from it; or if the first single change is +made at a double bob, the second single change must be made +at the third double bob from that where the first was made. + +This Peal may be rang without making any single change +therein, which is done by making a double change to +supply the place of it. There are two of these double +changes in each Peal; the first of them may be made at +any bob within sixty changes from the beginning of the +Peal, and the second is to be made just sixty changes +from the first. At a double bob, it may be made at either +of the two bob-changes; at the first of them, 'tis made +by moving the whole Hunt down, and the bell in thirds place +up over two bells at once into the tenors place, thus:-- + + 41325 + 14253 + +In making it at the second bob change of the double bob, +'tis the same as at the first, only in that the whole Hunt +moved down to lead; but in this it must move up from before +the bells into the seconds place, as in this change:-- + + 12435 + 21354 + +The changes next following these, are the same as at other +times. At the single bob, 'tis to be made when the whole +Hunt lies in the seconds place hunting down; in which place +it may be made two wayes, in one of which the bell in thirds +place is to be moved up behind, in the same manner as I +showed you at the double bob: The other way, is to move +the bell in tenors place down into the thirds place, thus:-- + + 51423 + 15342 + +Now the reason wherefore at this place it may be made two +wayes, and at each of the double bob changes but one way, is +this; At the double bob, the half Hunt lies behind, which +cannot be moved into thirds place, for that would put it out +of its course; but in the single bob, the half Hunt lying +before the bells, and the whole Hunt in seconds place, so +that neither of those bells are concerned therein; therefore +it may be made either by moving the bell in thirds place up +behind, or else by moving the hindmost bell down into thirds +place, both which are to one effect, though different changes; +for these changes are so continued, that (in making them) +the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to continue their constant +course, as at other times. + +I have here set down this Peal of Grandsire, making the +treble the whole Hunt, and the tenor the half Hunt, and +the first single change is made the sixth bob; that is, +the third double bob, which is sixty changes from the +beginning of the Peal; you may know the single change, by +the line drawn between the figures at the single change, +that next after the line is the single: Grandsire is most +commonly rang, as it is here prickt; but it may be rang +any other way, according to my directions before. + + 12345 + 21354 + 23145 + 32415 + 34251 + 43521 + 45312 + 54132 + 51423 + 15243 + 12534 + 21543 + 25134 + 52314 + 53241 + 35421 + 34512 + 43152 + 41325 + 14352 + 13425 + 31452 + 34125 + 43215 + 42351 + 24531 + 25413 + 52143 + 51234 + 15324 + 13542 + 31524 + 35142 + 53412 + 54321 + 45231 + 42513 + 24153 + 21435 + 12453 + 14235 + 41253 + 42135 + 24315 + 23451 + 32541 + 35214 + 53124 + 51342 + 15432 + 14523 + 41532 + 45123 + 54213 + 52431 + 25341 + 23514 + 32154 + 31245 + 13254 + ----- + 13245 + 31254 + 32145 + 23415 + 24351 + 42531 + 45213 + 54123 + 51432 + 15342 + 13524 + 31542 + 35124 + 53214 + 52341 + 25431 + 24513 + 42153 + 41235 + 14253 + 12435 + 21453 + 24135 + 42315 + 43251 + 34521 + 35412 + 53142 + 51324 + 15234 + 12543 + 21534 + 25143 + 52413 + 54231 + 45321 + 43512 + 34152 + 31425 + 13452 + 14325 + 41352 + 43125 + 34215 + 32451 + 23541 + 25314 + 52134 + 51243 + 15423 + 14532 + 41523 + 45132 + 54312 + 53421 + 35241 + 32514 + 23154 + 21345 + 12354 + ----- + 12345 + +Grandsire may be rang another way (i.e.) in making the +bobs when the whole Hunt is before the bells (as in the +former way) and to make the single changes when it lies +behind (viz.) the first single change may be made at any +time when the whole Hunt comes behind, provided it be made +within sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; if +it is made the next time the whole Hunt comes behind after +a single bob, it is in treble and seconds places; after +a double bob, it is made in third and fourths places, the +whole Hunt lying behind when each single change is made, and +the second single change must be made just sixty changes from +the first. + +In all the several Peals of Grandsire by the course +aforesaid, the first changes in each Peal must be made by +these following Rules: + + + With these ten Hunts, the whole Hunt is to be hunted up + at the beginning of each Peal. + + B 1,3 + B 1,5 + 2,3 + 2,4 + 3,2 + 3,5 + 4,1 + 4,5 + 5,1 + 5,4 + + + With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is + made by hunting the whole Hunt down. + + 1,2 + 1,4 + 2,1 + B 2,5 + 3,1 + 3,4 + 4,2 + 4,3 + 5,2 + 5,3 + +These are the twenty Hunts on five bells, which are set +down in Page 26. The two figures which stand together, do +represent the whole Hunt and half Hunt; for instance, the +uppermost figures are 1,3; the 1 is the whole Hunt, and the +3 is the half Hunt, and so of the rest. Where the letter +B stands by the Hunt, the first change that Hunt makes is +a Bob: But with all the other Hunts, the first change is +either between the four first, or four last bells; yet the +first change in many of them may be made single, as in 1,2: +1,3: 1,4: 1,5: 2,1: 2,3: 3,1: 3,5: 4,1: 4,3: 1,5: 5,1: 5,4: + +In hunting the treble down, the first change is made +between the four hindmost bells; and in hunting the +fifth bell up, the first change is made between the four +foremost bells. + +There is another way to Ring this Peal of Grandsire, which +is, to make the bobs and single changes when the whole hunt +lies behind the bells; but this is not convenient to be +practised, therefore I will say no more of it in this place, +having only mentioned this, to shew the great variety there +is in this Peal. + +This Peal of Grandsire is to be Rang by another course, +viz. to make the bobs when the whole hunt is behind +the bells, and the single changes, when it lies before +them. This is the absolute foundation from whence the +excellent Peal of Grandsire bob (on six bells) had its +beginning and method, and by practising to prick down +this Peal, and by observing the true course and method +of the bobs and single changes herein, you may with the +greatest ease understand the true course of the bobs and +single changes in Grandsire bob on six bells, for the half +hunt, the quarter hunt, and the three extream bells (in +Grandsire bob on six bells) do make these sixscore changes; +every time the whole hunt leads in Grandsire bob, there are +two changes made in this Peal of Grandsire on five bells: +And so consequently, the single changes in Grandsire bob +are made by the same rule and method as they are in this +Peal. The Rule for making the bobs in this Peal, is this +(viz.) when the whole hunt lies in the fourths place hunting +up, and the half hunt leads, the next is a double Bob: And +when the whole hunt lies in the tenors place, and the half +hunt in thirds place, then the next change is a single bob, +the bobs are made between the two first and two last bells, +that in thirds place lies still in the bob change, and then +moves up. The single changes are made when the whole hunt +leads; the first single change (in Ringing it with any whole +hunt and half hunt) may be made at any time when the whole +hunt leads, within sixty changes from the beginning of the +Peal, accounting the bells as they stand round at the beginning + for one of the sixty changes. The single change that is made +the next time the whole hunt leads after a single bob, is +made in fourth and fifths places; and that which is made next +after a double bob, is made in second and thirds places, the +half hunt is alwayes one of the two bells which makes every +single change. If the first single change is made after a +single bob, then the second single change must be made when +the whole hunt leads next after the third single bob from +that after which the first single was made; and the same is +observed, in making them after a double bob: there being +alwayes sixty changes from the first to the second single +change in each Peal. This Peal I have here set down, in +which I make the treble the whole hunt, the fifth the half +hunt, and the first single change is made when the whole hunt +comes to lead next after the first single bob: You may know +the single change, by the line drawn between the figures; +the change next below the line, is the single, as in the +following Peal. + + 12345 + 13254 + 31524 + 35142 + 53412 + 35421 + 53241 + 35214 + 53124 + 51342 + 15432 + 14523 + 41253 + 42135 + 24315 + 23451 + 32541 + 23514 + 32154 + 31245 + 13425 + ----- + 13452 + 31542 + 35124 + 53214 + 35241 + 53421 + 35412 + 53142 + 51324 + 15234 + 12543 + 21453 + 24135 + 42315 + 43251 + 34521 + 43512 + 34152 + 31425 + 13245 + 12354 + 21534 + 25143 + 52413 + 25431 + 52341 + 25314 + 52134 + 51243 + 15423 + 14532 + 41352 + 43125 + 34215 + 32451 + 23541 + 32514 + 23154 + 21345 + 12435 + 14253 + 41523 + 45132 + 54312 + 45321 + 54231 + 45213 + 54123 + 51432 + 15342 + 13524 + 31254 + 32145 + 23415 + 24351 + 42531 + 24513 + 42153 + 41235 + 14325 + ----- + 14352 + 41532 + 45123 + 54213 + 45231 + 54321 + 45312 + 54132 + 51423 + 15243 + 12534 + 21354 + 23145 + 32415 + 34251 + 43521 + 34512 + 43152 + 41325 + 14235 + 12453 + 21543 + 25134 + 52314 + 25341 + 52431 + 25413 + 52143 + 51234 + 15324 + 13542 + 31452 + 34125 + 43215 + 42351 + 24531 + 42513 + 24153 + 21435 + 12345 + +This Peal may be Rang without making any single change +therein, there are two double changes which may be made to +supply the places of the two single changes; the first of +these double changes in any Peal may be made any time when +the whole hunt lies in fourths place hunting up, provided +you make it within sixty changes from the beginning of the +Peal. At a double bob, it may be made at either of the two +bob changes, by moving the bell which lies in thirds place +down under two bells at once into the trebles place: Now +suppose it were to be made the first time the whole hunt +lies in the fourths place hunting up in the Peal next before, +which is at a double bob, the bells lie thus, 53412; now the +treble being the whole hunt must move up behind, and the +fourth bell being in thirds place, must move down under two +bells at once into the trebles place, thus, 45321; or else it +may be made at the next bob change of the double bob, 53241; +here the treble must be moved down into fourths place, and +the second bell into trebles place, thus, 25314. It may also +be made the change next before the single bob, in which +change it may be made two wayes; viz. either by moving the +bell in thirds place down into trebles place, as in the +changes next before, or else by moving the bell in trebles +place up into thirds place; for instance, two changes before +the first single bob (as in the Peal before set down) the +bells be thus, 24315; now the change may be made, either by +moving the third bell into the trebles place, thus, 32451; or +else the bell that leads up into thirds place, thus, 43251; +in both which wayes, the whole hunt is to be moved up behind. + +There are only two of these double changes to be made in +each Peal: if the first is made at a double bob, then the +second must be made at the third double bob from it; or if +the first of them is made at a single bob, then the second +must be made at the third single bob from that where the +first was made, there being alwayes just sixty changes from +the first of these double changes to the second in each Peal. + +These double changes are the same which in Grandsire bob +on six bells, are called true changes; those true changes +in Grandsire bob being made by the same rule, and in the +same manner as these are. + +In all the Peals of Grandsire, wherein the bobs are made +when the whole hunt is behind (according to the Rules next +before set down) the first changes in each Peal must be +made by these Rules following. + + + With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is + made by hunting down the whole Hunt. + + 1,2 + 1,5 + 2,1 + 2,5 + 3,1 + 3,4 + 4,2 + 4,3 + B 5,1 + B 5,3 + + + With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is + made by hunting the whole Hunt up. + + 1,3 + 1,4 + 2,3 + 2,4 + 3,1 + 3,5 + B 4,1 + 4,5 + 5,4 + 5,2 + +Where the letter B stands next to any hunt; the first +change which that hunt makes, is a bob: But with all the +other hunts, the first change in each Peal is made double, +either between the four first, or four last bells; yet in +many of them, the first change may be made single, as in +1,2: 1,5: 2,1: 2,3: 2,5: 3,5: 4,3: 4,5: 5,2: 5,3: + +Before I conclude my directions to this excellent Peal of +Grandsire, I will set down one general Rule for making the +single changes in any Peal (at places differing from any +of the former Rules) viz. wheresoever the whole hunt and +half hunt meets together to make a change (which constantly +happens every time the whole hunt hunts up, and every time it +hunts down in every Peal) the other three bells may lie still +in their places, whil'st the whole hunt and half hunt makes +the change; which being made, the whole hunt, the half hunt, +and the other bells are immediately to proceed in their +course; which single change is as effectual, as those which +are made by the Rules aforesaid. Observing to make the first +single change in any Peal, within sixty changes from the +beginning; and the second single change must be made (just +sixty changes from the first) between the whole hunt, and +half hunt, which two bells will in course lie in the same +places where the first single change was made. + + + + +The Seven-score and four on six Bells. + + +This Peal containing Seven-score and four changes, is to +be Rang on six bells, in which, the treble and tenor are +both whole hunts, and the second is half hunt; the whole +hunts do both hunt at one and the same time in a direct +course, one up, and the other down; and alwayes when one +of them lies before the bells, the other lies behind them; +and when that hunt which lies before the bells, leaves the +trebles place hunting up, the other hunt lying behind, leaves +the tenors place hunting down; each hunt lies only twice +together before the bells, and twice behind throughout the +Peal. + +The second bell is the half hunt in this following Peal, for +the second, third, fourth and fifth bells make the twenty four +changes herein; every time the whole hunts come before and +behind the bells, there is one change made in the Twenty-four +(which is alwayes once in six changes) the second bell being +the hunt on the Twenty-four; so that every time it comes +before or behind the extream bells, there is an extream change +to be made, which in the following Peal is made between the +two farthest extream bells from the second. I have only set +down part of this Peal, which is sufficient to shew the course +and method thereof. + + 123456 + 213465 + 231645 + 236145 + 263415 + 623451 + 632451 + 362415 + 326145 + 321645 + 312465 + 132456 + 134256 + 314265 + 341625 + 346125 + 364215 + 634251 + 634521 + 364512 + 346152 + 341652 + 314562 + 134526 + ------ + 143526 + 413562 + 431652 + 436152 + 463512 + 643521 + 643251 + 463215 + 436125 + 431625 + 413265 + 143256 + 142356 + 412365 + 421635 + +At the extream change next before, I have drawn a line +between the figures, that next below the line is the +extream: The aforesaid Peal may be Rang with any other +whole hunt, or half hunt; and also the Twenty-four changes +doubles and singles, may be made in the room of the plain +Twenty-four in the aforesaid Peal. + + + + +Trebles and Doubles on six Bells. + + +There are many Peals of Trebles and Doubles to be Rang on +six bells, as, Six-score changes, Seven-score and four, +Twelve-score, and Seven-hundred and twenty. In each of +which Peals, the changes that are made from the time that +the whole hunt leaves the trebles place hunting up, until +it comes down into that place again, are all made in one +and the same manner, so that the only difference in these +Peals, consists in making the changes when the whole hunt +leads. These Peals are called Trebles and Doubles, because +one is a treble change (that is, 3 changes made together, +in which all the six bells do change their places, thus, +123456:214365:) and the next is a double change between the +4 bells, in the midst, thus, 241635: And in this course the +changes are alwayes made from the time that the whole hunt +leaves the trebles place hunting up, until it comes down +into the trebles place again; and in Ringing this Peal, +'tis observed, that every bell does hunt in a perfect and +direct course, and be twice together before, and twice behind, +until the whole hunt leads. + +The manner of Ringing the Seven-score and four, is this; +the treble and tenor are both whole hunts, and the second +is the half hunt; the first change is a treble change, and +the next a double change, as I shewed you before; in which +course they are made, until the treble leads again, and the +tenor lie behind; at which time there's a single change to +be made in third and fourths places: But when the half hunt +lies next to the treble, then the next single change must +be made in fourths and fifths places, as in this following +Peal, where I have only set down part of it for an example. + + 123456 + 214365 + 241635 + 426153 + 462513 + 645231 + 654321 + 563412 + 536142 + 351624 + 315264 + 132546 + 135246 + 312564 + 321654 + 236145 + 263415 + 624351 + 642531 + 465213 + 456123 + 541632 + 514362 + 153426 + 154326 + 513462 + 531642 + 356124 + 365214 + 632541 + 623451 + 264315 + 246135 + 421653 + 412563 + 145236 + 142536 + 415263 + 451623 + 546132 + 564312 + 653421 + 635241 + 362514 + 326154 + 231645 + 213465 + 124356 + ------ + 124536 + 215463 + 251643 + 526134 + 562314 + 653241 + +This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changes doubles +and singles, the second, third, fourth and fifth makes the +Twenty-four changes; the second bell is the hunt in the +Twenty-four, therefore the extream in the Peal next before, +is made between the two farthest extream bells from it when +it lies before them: At the extream changes there's a line +drawn between the figures, but the extreams may be made every +time the second lies behind the extream bells; or else, every +time it lies before and behind them, in the same manner, as I +told you before in my directions to the Twenty-four Doubles +and Singles: And this Peal may be also Rang with any other +whole hunts, or half hunts. + +In the Six-score Trebles and Doubles, the changes are the +same as in the Peal next before, until the whole hunt leads, +at which time (in this Peal) there is a double change to be +made between the four hindmost bells; but when the whole hunt +leads, and the half hunt lies next to it, then there is a +single change to be made, either between the two nearest +bells to the half hunt, or else between the two farthest +bells from it; there are but two single changes in the Peal, +and the second single change must be made between those two +bells which made the first. In this following, the treble is +the whole hunt, and the second the half hunt, and the first +single change is made when the bells do lie 124365: which is +sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; after the whole +hunt has at first hunted up and down again: I have set down +only those changes which are made every time the whole hunt +leads. + + 123456 + 214365 + 241635 + 426153 + 462513 + 645231 + 654321 + 563412 + 536142 + 351624 + 315264 + 132546 + 135264 + ------ + 153624 + 156342 + ------ + 165432 + 164523 + 146253 + 142635 + ------ + 124365 + ------ + 123465 + ------ + 132645 + 136254 + ------ + 163524 + 165342 + 156432 + 154623 + ------ + 145263 + 142536 + ------ + 124356 + ------ + 123456 + +The course of the Twelve-score, and the Seven-hundred and +twenty, are both one and the same; for the Twelve-score +changes, are only part of the Seven-hundred and twenty. +There's a whole hunt, a half hunt, a quarter hunt, and +three extream bells in the Seven-hundred and twenty; the +changes are all treble and double (in the same course, as +in the Six-score next before set down) until the whole hunt +leads, and the half hunt lies next to it, at which time +there's a single change to be made in fourth and fifths +places: But when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt +lies next to it, and the quarter hunt lies next to the half +hunt, then there's an extream to be made, which is a single +change, and made between the two farthest extream bells from +the quarter hunt; and by observing this course, you may prick +down, or Ring the Seven-hundred and twenty: But if you would +only Ring Twelve-score changes (and then end there, by bringing +the bells round) you must make no extream change at all; for +in making every single change in fourth and fifths places, +the bells will come round in course at the end of Twelve-score +changes if you make no extream change to carry the Peal +forward. In the following changes, the treble is the whole +hunt, the 2 is the half hunt, the 3 the quarter hunt, and the +4, 5, and 6, are the extream bells. It being not much material +to set down this Peal at large, therefore after the treble +(which is the whole hunt) has hunted twice up and down, I +have put down only the two changes which are made every time +the treble leads to the end of the Twelve-score, as follows. + + 123456 + 214365 + 241635 + 426153 + 462513 + 645231 + 654321 + 563412 + 536142 + 351624 + 315264 + 132546 + 135264 + 312546 + 321456 + 234165 + 243615 + 426351 + 462531 + 645213 + 654123 + 561432 + 516342 + 153624 + 156342 + ------ + 165432 + 164523 + ------ + 146253 + 142635 + ------ + 124365 + single + 124635 + ------ + 142365 + 143256 + ------ + 134526 + 135462 + ------ + 153642 + 156324 + ------ + 165234 + 162543 + ------ + 126453 + single + 126543 + ------ + 162453 + 164235 + ------ + 146325 + 143652 + ------ + 134562 + 135426 + 153246 + 152364 + ------ + 125634 + single + 125364 + ------ + 152634 + 156243 + ------ + 165423 + 164532 + ------ + 146352 + 143625 + ------ + 134265 + 132456 + ------ + 123546 + +The last change is 123456: which is at the end of +Twelve-score changes; and here you see, that the whole +hunt, the half hunt, and quarter hunt, do lie next to +each other before the extream bells; therefore the bells +may either be brought round, by making the single change +in the same place, as those next before, are made thus, +123456: or else, if you would proceed forward to the end +of the Seven-hundred and twenty, then the next must be an +extream change between the fourth and sixth, which are the +2 hindmost bells, thus, 123564: and by observing to make an +extream change behind every time the 1, 2, 3, lie together +before the bells, the bells will come round in course at the +end of the Seven-hundred and twenty; at the end of every +Three score changes, there's a single change throughout the +Peal, and an extream change at the end of every Twelve-score. +This Peal (by the Rules aforesaid) may be Rang with any whole +hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt. + +In this Peal is contained the Six-score changes of Old +Doubles on five bells, and also the Twenty-four changes +Doubles and Singles on four bells; the half hunt, the quarter +hunt, and three extream bells, makes the Six-score changes of +Old Doubles in a perfect course; and the quarter hunt, and +three extream bells, do make the Twenty-four changes Doubles +and Singles. Every time the whole hunt leads, there are made +two changes of the Six-score; and every time the whole hunt +leads, and the half hunt lies next to it, there are two +changes mades in the Twenty-four. + + + + +_Grandsire Bob_. On six Bells. + + +In this Peal of Grandsire Bob, there are Seven-hundred +and twenty changes, in Ringing of which, there is the +same course, as in Trebles and Doubles (before set down) +until the bob-changes come to be made; this Peal may more +properly be called Trebles and Doubles than the former, +because all the changes throughout the Seven-hundred +and twenty, are treble and double, except only the two +single changes: But in Ringing an Eighteen-score (which +is half the Seven-hundred and twenty, and a complete +Peal of it self) the changes are all treble and double +without any single change therein; for you must know, +that in any Peal of Grandsire bob, the bells will come +round in course at the end of Eighteen-score changes, +if you make no single change to carry it on farther to +the end of the Seven-hundred and twenty. + +This Peal has a whole hunt, a half hunt, a quarter hunt, and +three extream bells; every bell hunts in a direct course, and +lies twice together before, and twice behind, until the whole +hunt leads, and then the four hindmost bells do dodge, that is, +they make a double change; in which 'tis alwayes observed, +that the two bells which lie in third and fifths places (in +the change next before the dodge) are hunting down, and in +making this double change, each of those bells do dodge with +the bell next above it, that is, they move up over one bell, +and then each of them moves directly down; and the two bells +that lie in fourth and tenors places in the change next +before every dodge, are hunting up, and in making the dodge +change, each of those bells do move down under one bell, and +then they move up again in their course, as before; the dodge +changes in all Peals of Trebles and Doubles, are made in the +same manner as these. + +There are two sorts of bobs in this Peal, viz. a single, +and a double Bob; the Rule for making the single bob, is +this, when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies +in tenors place, and the quarter hunt in fourths place, +the next change is a bob; and when the whole hunt leads, +and the half hunt lies in fifths place, and the quarter +hunt in seconds place, then there is a double bob, that +is, two bob-changes; one of which is made the next change, +and the other is made the next time the whole hunt leads +after. The bobs are all double changes, and made in one +and the same manner (i.e.) the leading bell, and that in +fourths place, do both lie still, whil'st the two bells in +second and thirds places, and those in fifth and tenors +places make the bob-change; and as soon as 'tis made, +the bell in fourths place moves directly down. The half +hunt is alwayes one of the two hindmost bells which makes +every bob-change. + +In Ringing this Peal, there is a Rule observed, whereby +the person that does Ring the quarter hunt, may give +notice of the bobs before they come to be made, without +which it were impossible to Ring it; the Rule is this: +In the dodge which is made between the four hindmost +bells every time the whole hunt leads, if the half hunt +and quarter hunt do dodge in fifth and tenors place, then +the next time the whole hunt leads, there's a single bob; +if they dodge in fourth and thirds places, then there's +a double bob that is, two bob-changes, one of which is +made the next time, the whole hunt leads after the dodge, +and the other is made the next time the whole hunt leads +after the former is made: He that does Ring the quarter +hunt, may give notice of every bob-change, by saying (Bob) +when the whole hunt is going to lead, which is a change +next before the bob is to be made. + +There are certain Rules very convenient to be known by +all that practise to Ring this Peal; (viz.) he that does +Ring the whole hunt, must observe that the bell which he +first follows when he leaves the trebles place hunting up, +he must follow the same bell the next time he lies behind; +and the second bell which he follows in hunting up, he must +also follow the same bell when he next leaves the tenors +place hunting down; and likewise, the third bell which he +follows in hunting up, he must also follow the same bell when +he leaves the fifths place hunting down: For instance, in the +first change of the following Peal, the bells stand thus: +214365: here the treble (being the whole hunt) does first +follow the second, therefore when the treble has hunted up, +and lies behind, it follows the second again, as in this +change, 654321: And again, the second change of the following +Peal, is 241635: here the fourth is the second bell, which +the treble follows in hunting up, therefore he follows that +bell again the next time he leaves the tenors place hunting +down, as in this change, 563412: which course is observed +throughout the Peal. And in Ringing any other bell (beside +the whole Hunt) 'tis observed, that the next time you lie +before the bells after a bob, that bell which you first +follow in hunting up, you must also follow the same bell when +you lie behind; and the same bell you must first follow every +time you hunt up, and every time you lie behind, until the +next bob comes to be made, but if the whole hunt is the +second bell which you follow in hunting up, then you must +follow the whole Hunt when you lie behind; and the next time +you lead, and lie behind, you must follow the former bell as +before, until the bobs come to be made; and after the bobs, +the course is the same (though you do not follow the same +bell) as before. + +These Rules and Directions before set down, are to be +observed in Ringing any Peal of Grandsire bob with any +whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt: An Example I +have here set down, wherein the treble is the whole Hunt, +the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, +as in these following changes. + + 123456 + 214365 + 241635 + 426153 + 462513 + 645231 + 654321 + 563412 + 536142 + 351624 + 315264 + 132546 + 135264 + 312546 + 321456 + 234165 + 243615 + 426351 + 462531 + 645213 + 654123 + 561432 + 516342 + 153624 + 156342 + 513624 + 531264 + 352146 + 325416 + 234561 + 243651 + 426315 + 462135 + 641253 + 614523 + 165432 + ------ + 156423 + 514632 + 541362 + 453126 + 435216 + 342561 + 324651 + 236415 + 263145 + 621354 + 612534 + 165243 + 162534 + 615243 + 651423 + 564132 + 546312 + 453621 + 435261 + 342516 + 324156 + 231465 + 213645 + 126354 + 123645 + 216354 + 261534 + 625143 + 652413 + 564231 + 546321 + 453612 + 435162 + 341526 + 314256 + 132465 + 134256 + 312465 + 321645 + 236154 + 263514 + 625341 + 652431 + 564213 + 546123 + 451632 + 415362 + 143526 + ------ + 134562 + 315426 + 351246 + 532164 + 523614 + 256341 + 265431 + 624513 + 642153 + 461235 + 416325 + 143652 + ------ + 134625 + 316452 + 361542 + 635124 + 653214 + 562341 + 526431 + 254613 + 245163 + 421536 + 412356 + 143265 + 142356 + 413265 + 431625 + 346152 + 364512 + 635421 + 653241 + 562314 + 526134 + 251643 + 215463 + 124536 + 125463 + 214536 + 241356 + 423165 + 432615 + 346251 + 364521 + 635412 + 653142 + 561324 + 516234 + 152643 + 156234 + 512643 + 521463 + 254136 + 245316 + 423561 + 432651 + 346215 + 364125 + 631452 + 613542 + 165324 + 163542 + 615324 + 651234 + 562143 + 526413 + 254631 + 245361 + 423516 + 432156 + 341265 + 314625 + 136452 + ------ + 163425 + 614352 + 641532 + 465123 + 456213 + 542631 + 524361 + 253416 + 235146 + 321564 + 312654 + 136245 + 132654 + 316245 + 361425 + 634152 + 643512 + 465321 + 456231 + 542613 + 524163 + 251436 + 215346 + 123564 + 125346 + 213564 + 231654 + 326145 + 362415 + 634251 + 643521 + 465312 + 456132 + 541623 + 514263 + 152436 + 154263 + 512436 + 521346 + 253164 + 235614 + 326541 + 362451 + 634215 + 643125 + 461352 + 416532 + 145623 + ------ + 154632 + 516423 + 561243 + 652134 + 625314 + 263541 + 236451 + 324615 + 342165 + 431256 + 413526 + 145362 + ------ + 154326 + 513462 + 531642 + 356124 + 365214 + 632541 + 623451 + 264315 + 246135 + 421653 + 412563 + 145236 + 142563 + 415236 + 451326 + 543162 + 534612 + 356421 + 365241 + 632514 + 623154 + 261345 + 216435 + 124653 + 126435 + 214653 + 241563 + 425136 + 452316 + 543261 + 534621 + 356412 + 365142 + 631524 + 613254 + 162345 + 163254 + 612345 + 621435 + 264153 + 246513 + 425631 + 452361 + 543216 + 534126 + 351462 + 315642 + 136524 + 135642 + 316524 + 361254 + 632145 + 623415 + 264351 + 246531 + 425613 + 452163 + 541236 + 514326 + 153462 + ------ + 135426 + 314562 + 341652 + 436125 + 463215 + 642351 + 624531 + 265413 + 256143 + 521634 + 512364 + 153246 + 152364 + 513246 + 531426 + 354162 + 345612 + 436521 + 463251 + 642315 + 624135 + 261453 + 216543 + 125634 + 126543 + 215634 + 251364 + 523146 + 532416 + 354261 + 345621 + 436512 + 463152 + 641325 + 614235 + 162453 + 164235 + 612453 + 621543 + 265134 + 256314 + 523641 + 532461 + 354216 + 345126 + 431562 + 413652 + 146325 + ------ + 164352 + 613425 + 631245 + 362154 + 326514 + 235641 + 253461 + 524316 + 542136 + 451263 + 415623 + 146532 + ------ + 164523 + 615432 + 651342 + 563124 + 536214 + 352641 + 325461 + 234516 + 243156 + 421365 + 412635 + 146253 + 142635 + 416253 + 461523 + 645132 + 654312 + 563421 + 536241 + 352614 + 325164 + 231546 + 213456 + 124365 + +Here are just Eighteen-Score changes already made, and +the bells may either be brought round in their places, +by making a dodg-change behind (according to the common +course), thus, + + 124365 + 123456 + +but to have proceeded forward in the 720, the last should +have been a single change in third and fourths places, thus, + + 124365 + 123465 + +the single change being made, all the following changes +to the end of the 720 are to be made, by the same rule and +course as those before set down, the last change of the +720 being also a single change, and to be made in the same +place, and between those two bells which made the former +single, thus, + + 124356 + 123456 + +which single change brings the bells round in their right +places at the end of the 720. + +This Peal of Grandsire bob may be Rang with any whole +Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; but there being some +difficulty in beginning many of the Peals, I have therefore +set down Directions for beginning each Peal, as follows. + + 1.2.4 + 1.2.5 + 1.3.2 + 2.3.6 + 1.4.6 + 1.5.3 + 1.5.4 + 1.6.3 + + In Ringing Grandsire bob with any of these eight Hunts, + the first changes in each Peal are to be made in the + same manner, as those in the Peal before set down, + until the first bob in each Peal comes to be made. + + 1.2.3 + 1.2.6 + 1.3.5 + 1.4.2 + 1.4.5 + + With these five Hunts, the first change in each Peal + is a dodge between the four hindmost bells: thus, + + 123456 + 124365 + +Each three figures that stand together next before, do +represent a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and quarter Hunt: +for instance, the uppermost figures in the first Column, +are 1.2.4. there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second +the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and so of +the rest. + +In making the treble the whole Hunt, the fifth the half +Hunt, and the sixth the quarter Hunt; the first change +is a dodge between the four hindmost bells, in which the +half and quarter Hunt do dodge together in fifth and tenors +places, therefore the next time the whole hunt comes before +the bells, there's a single bob. + +In ringing treble, tenor, and fifth, the whole Hunt moves +up the first change, thus 214365, and so on in the common +course until it comes next before the bells, at which time +there's a single bob. + +In ringing treble, fourth, and third, the whole Hunt moves +up the first change, thus, 214365, and so forward in the +common course, until it leads again; at which time there's +a bob-change to be made, and another the next time the whole +Hunt leads after that, it being a double bob. + +In ringing treble, third, and fourth, the first is a +dodge-change between the four hindmost bells, in which the +half Hunt and quarter Hunt do dodge together in third and +fourths places, therefore a double bob is next to be made, +one of which bob-changes is the next time the whole Hunt +leads, and the other the next following. In ringing treble, +fifth, and second, the first is a bob-change; and the next +time the whole Hunt leads, there's another bob-change, it +being a double bob. + +In Ringing treble, sixth, and second, and treble, sixth, +and fourth, the first change in each of these two Peals +is a bob. + + 2.4.6 + 5.3.4 + 6.1.2 + 5.3.1 + + With these four Hunts, the first change is treble, + and the next double, thus, 214365, and so on, till + the whole Hunt leads. + + 3.5.2 + 4.6.2 + 6.2.1 + 2.3.5 + 6.3.5 + + With these five Hunts, the first change must be made + between the four bells in the midst, thus, 132546. + +In Ringing tenor, treble, and second, there's a single +bob the first time the whole Hunt comes before the bells. + +In all Peals of Grandsire bob, where the first change is +either a bob, or a dodge between the four hindmost bells, +or else a double change between the four bells in the midst, +it must be made at the back-stroke of the bells, otherwise +the Peal would cut compass all the way, that is, every bell +would come to lead at the back-stroke. + +In the Eighteen-score changes before set down, there's a +line drawn between the figures at every bob, the changes +next below each line is a bob-change. + +In the Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire bob, +there are two single changes to be made. The first single +change in any Peal is most commonly made as near the end of +Eighteen-score changes (from the beginning) as may be, and +'tis the best way, and most convenient: For instance, sometimes +it happens that one or more of those persons who do Ring this +Peal, may be weary before they have Rang Eighteen-score changes, +therefore upon notice given, the single change may be forborn, +and then the bells will in course come round at the end of +Eighteen-score changes, making a complete Peal; but after the +first single change is made, the bells cannot be brought +round in course, until the Seven-hundred and twenty are all +made. + +There is great variety in making the single changes in +each Peal, which may be made at divers places (viz.) + +The first single change in any Peal may be made the second +time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the +first or second double bobs, at which places the whole Hunt, +half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, do alwayes lie together before +the bells, and the single change is to be made in third and +fourths places. + +The first single change in any Peal may also be made the +second time the whole Hunt leads after the first or second +single bobs, at which place the whole Hunt and half Hunt +do alwayes lie together before the bells; and the quarter +Hunt lies behind, therefore it must be made between the +two hindmost bells. + +Or if the first bob in any Peal is a double bob, then +the first single change may be made the second time the +whole Hunt leads after the third double bob in that Peal, +at which place the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt +do lie together before the bells, and the single is made +in third and fourths places. + +Or if the first bob in any Peal is a single bob, then the +first single change may be made the second time the whole +Hunt leads after the third single bob, where the whole Hunt +and half Hunt do alwayes lie together before the bells, +and the quarter Hunt behind, therefore the single change +must be made behind. + +The first single change in any Peal may also be made either +at the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places +the whole Hunt leads, the half Hunt lies in tenors place, +and the quarter Hunt in fourths place, therefore it must +be made behind. + +The first single change in any Peal may also be made the +next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of +the first or second double bobs, at which place the whole +Hunt, and quarter Hunt do alwayes lie together before the +bells, and the half Hunt in fourths place, therefore the +single change must be made in third and fourths places. +And in most Peals, the first single change may be made the +next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of +the third double bob; and in some Peals, the first single +change may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after +the third double bob (nothwithstanding the first bob-change +in that Peal is a single bob, as in the Eighteen-score treble, +second and fourth before set down) which falls out according +as the first bob change happens to be made either nearer the +beginning of the Peal, or farther from it; for in some Peals, +the bells will come round in course the next time the whole +Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob. +And in many Peals, the bells will come round at the fore-stroke +the second time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change +of the third double bob, &c. + +There are two single changes in every Seven-hundred and +twenty, which are alwayes made when the whole Hunt leads, +the last single change in every Peal being constantly made +just Eighteen-score changes from the first; for making of +which, observe these Rules. + +If the first single change (in any Peal) is made the +second time the whole Hunt leads after a double bob, then +the second single change must be made the second time the +whole Hunt leads after the third double bob, accounting +from the place where the first single change was made. + +If the first single change in any Peal is made the second +time the whole Hunt leads after a single bob, then the second +single change must be made the second time the whole Hunt +leads after the third single bob, accounting from the place +where the first single change was made. Or if the first single +change is made at a single bob, then the second single change +must be made at the third single bob, accounting from the +place where the first single change was made. + +The second single change in every Peal must be made between +those two bells, and in the same place where the first single +change was made; and the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter +Hunt, will in course lie in the same places at the second +single change, where they lay at the first: either the half +Hunt, or quarter Hunt, are alwayes one of the two bells which +makes every single change. But there are many other wayes to +make the single changes, viz. to make them between the half +Hunt, and quarter Hunt, at any dodge, where those two bells +do dodge together next before a bob, &c. of which I need not +say any thing more in this place, having already set down +all those wayes which are most easie and convenient to be +practised. + +In Ringing this Peal of Grandsire bob, (with any whole +Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt) if there's no single +change made within Eighteen-score changes from the +beginning of the Peal, the bells will in course come round +in their right places, just at the end of Eighteen-score +changes. + +In any Peal of Grandsire bob, where the first is a double +change, and made at the back-stroke, the last change of the +Peal (which brings the bells round in their right places) +is a treble change, and made at the fore-stroke. + +The Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire Bob may +be Rang without making any single change therein, which way +of Ringing it, is call'd _Grandsire Bob True_: that is, +the changes are all true trebles and doubles without any +single change therein. There are made two double changes +(contrary to the course of all the double changes in the +Peal) to supply the place of the two single changes, which +two are called True changes; and to be made divers wayes, +and at several places. The first true change in any Peal may +be made at the first, second, or third double bobs either +at the first or second bob-change of each. At the first +bob-change of any double bob it may be made, by moving the +Bell in fourths place down under two Bells at once into the +seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells must make a change +at the same time: for Example, in the Eighteen-score of +treble, second and fourth before set down, at the first +bob-change of the first double Bob, the Bells stand thus, +143526. Now the true change is made, by moving the Bell which +lies in fourths place down under two Bells at once into +seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells are at the same +time to make a change thus, 154362. At this place it may be +made another way, by moving the hindmost Bell down under two +Bells at once into the fourths place, and the two Bells in +second and thirds places are at the same time to make a +change thus, 134652. At the last Bob-change of each double +Bob, it may also be made two wayes; one of which, is to move +the Bell in fourths down into the seconds place, and the two +hindmost Bells at the same time to make a change, as I shewed +you before: But the best and easiest way is to move the bell +which lies in fourths place up over two bells at once into +the tenors place, and the two bells in second and thirds +places to make a change as at a bob: for instance, at the +last bob-change of the first double bob in the Eighteen-score +before set down, the figures stand thus, 143652. Now the bell +in fourths place must be moved up behind, and the two bells +in second and thirds places are to make a change, 134526. The +second True change in every Peal must be made just Eighteen-score +changes from the first, in making of which, these Rules are to +be observed. If the first true change in any Peal is made at the +first bob-change of a double bob, then the second true change +must be made at the first bob-change of the third double bob, +accounting from the place where the first true change is +made, but not reckoning that for one of the three: or if the +first true change is made at the last bob-change of a double +bob, then the second true change must be made at the last +bob-change of the third double bob, accounting from the place +where the first true change was made, but not reckoning that +for one of the three. And the second true change in every +Peal must be made in the same manner and place as the first, +the true and single changes in Grandsire bob, are both to one +and the same effect (i.e.) to alter the course of the extream +bells; for in making these changes, the whole hunt, half +hunt, and quarter hunt are to continue their constant course +without variation, neither of those 3 bells being any otherwise +concerned therein, than at the change which should have been +made, if the single or true change had been forborn. + +There is another way to Ring this Peal of Grandsire Bob, +by a course differing from the former. When the whole Hunt +leads, the half Hunt lies in fifths place, and the quarter +Hunt in fourths place, then the next change is a single bob; +and when the whole Hunt leads, and the half Hunt lies in +fifths place, and the quarter Hunt in thirds place, then the +next change is the first bob-change of a double bob; the bobs +and dodge-changes herein are made in the same manner, as +those in the former way: But the bobs herein are called by a +Rule differing from the former, viz. when the whole Hunt and +half Hunt do lie together before the bells, and the quarter +Hunt (lying in fourths place) dodges with the bell in thirds +place, then the second time the whole Hunt comes before the +bells (from that place) there is made the first bob-change of +a double bob, the second bob-change being made the next time +the whole Hunt leads after. When the whole Hunt and half +Hunt, do lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt +(lying in fifths place) dodges with the bell in tenors place, +then the second time the whole Hunt leads (from that place) +is made a single bob. + +There are two single changes in the Seven-hundred and +twenty, the first single change in any Peal may be made at +the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places +it must be made between the 2 hindmost bells; or the first +single change may be made the next time the whole Hunt leads +after the first, second, or third single bobs, at which +places 'tis alwayes made between the two hindmost bells. The +first single change may also be made the next time the whole +Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the first, second, or +third double bobs, where it must alwayes be made in third and +fourths places. But in some few Peals it happens, that the +bells will come round at the fore-stroke the next time the +whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, and also after +the last bob-change of the third double bob, which falls out +according as the first bob-change in each Peal is made, +either nearer the beginning, or farther off. + +The second single change (in every Peal) must be made +Eighteen-score changes from the first, in making of which, +these Rules must be observed. + +If the first single change is made at a single bob, then +the second single change must be made at the third single +bob from the place where the first was made. Or if the first +single change is made the next time the whole Hunt leads +after a single bob, then the second single change must be +made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the third +single bob, accounting from the place where the first single +change was made. And the same Rule is observed in making it +after a double bob. + +The second single change in every Peal must be made in +the same place, and between those two bells which made +the first single change: But (in Ringing this Peal) if +you make no single change, the bells will in course come +round at the end of Eighteen-score changes. + +The way to begin several of these Peals, is as follows. + +In Ringing treble, third, and fifth; and second, third, and +fifth; and also third, fifth, and second; the first change +is treble, and the next double, and so forward in the common +course of trebles and doubles, until the first Bob in each +comes to be made. In treble, second and third, the first +changes are treble and double in the common course; and the +second time the treble leads, there's a double Bob. In treble, +tenor and second, the first changes are treble and double in +the common course; and the second time the treble leads, +there's a single Bob. In treble, second and fifth, the first +change is a dodge between the four hindmost Bells; and the +second time the treble leads, there's a single Bob. In second, +fourth and tenor, the first change is made between the 4 +Bells in the midst. In treble, second and fourth, the first +change is a dodge behind; and the second time the treble +leads, there's a double Bob. + + + + +Changes on eight Bells. + + +There are 40320 several changes on 8 bells, which to Ring +it is altogether impossible; the greatest Peal that ever +was Rang on 8 Bells, is 1680, being only a third part of +the changes on seven Bells, which are to be Rang with a +whole Hunt, half Hunt, quarter Hunt, half quarter Hunt +(for so you may term it) and three extream Bells: But +the most complete and musical Peal that ever was Rang on +eight Bells, is Grandsire Bob, treble, second and fifth, +Half-pulls, on 1.2.3.5.6.7. the fourth and the tenor lying +behind every change, thus, 123567,48. which has of late +been practised by the _Colledge-Youths_, and excellently +well performed by them. Grandsire, and Tendring Six-score +on eight Bells makes good Musick, 7.4.8. lying behind every +change: And a Six-score (four extreams) on the six Bells in +the midst, the treble leading all the way, and the tenor +lying behind, making a change at first between the 4 and 5, +and then proceeds forwards in the Six-score, making the +second the whole Hunt, and the seventh the half Hunt, it +makes excellent Musick; but after the Six-score changes are +made, the fourth and fifth must change their places again to +bring the Bells round. + + 35678,241 + 12357,864 + 12357,468 + 12357,648 + 12356,748 + 34567,218 + 45678,321 + 12368,574 + +The most musical Peals that are commonly Rang on eight +Bells, are these Six-scores on five, the other three Bells +lying behind every change: For example, the uppermost fig. +are 35678,241. here the 35678, makes the Six-score changes, +3 the whole hunt, and 8 the half Hunt, or any others, and +241. strikes behind every change, in the same order as they +now lie, and so of the rest. The three Bells which are to +lie behind, must first be hunted up one after the other in +order, before any of the Six-score changes are made. The +Seven-score and four on the six middle Bells, the treble +leading, and the tenor lying behind every change, makes +good Musick. + + + + +Of Hanging Bells. + + +First, for the Stock, much need not be said, but of +placing the Cannons or Crown of the Bell into it, which +is called _Hanging of a Bell_, I shall speak something: +First, find out whether the Cannons be upright and true, +then raise the Bell up by some Rope tyed to the Cannons, +and so that the Bell hang level, which you may find, by +applying a Plumet to the brim, then fasten a string to the +Crown-staple within the Bell, then (a Plumet being tyed +to the other end of the string) if the string hang in the +midst between the two sides of the Bell whereon the Clapper +should strike, the Crown-staple is cast into the Bell true: +Now when you have hung the Bell, and let the Gudgeons in true +by Keys (for therein consists the main point of the going of +a Bell) then if the Clapper hang in the midst between the two +striking sides, and the Stock stand upright, the Bell is well +hung. + +If a Bell have a longer stroke on the one side, than +the other, truss up that side which hath the short stroke +more, or let the other side down, and put a piece or two +of Leather in, according to the stroke; but sometimes the +fault of the stroke is in the Sally, which you may remedy, +by tying the Fillet (or little Cord about the rim of the +Wheel, which causeth the dancing of the Rope) nearer, or +farther off the main Spoke; nearer makes a short stroke, +farther off the Spoke, a long one. + +And observe, that the trussing or taking up of a great Bell +far into the Stock by a notch, makes the Bell go easier, +and lie lighter at hand (that is) when it is set, for the +farther the brim of the Bell is from the centre of gravity, +the heavier it is: Now the centre of gravity is a supposed +line drawn through the Stock from one Gudgeon to the other; +but note, if you truss a Bell up, that the Crown-staple +be much above the Gudgeons, you must fasten a false Eye to +the Crown-staple, and to this false Eye hang the Clapper, +otherwise it will not strike so freely: Now small Bells +must be trussed up short, for else the Bell hanging low, +and fetching a great Compass in the swing, and having but +little Compass in the brim, the Clapper keeps along by the +side of the Bell, and gives no blow at all; but being hung +short, the Bell fetches a quick and short Compass, equal +to the bigness of the brim, and the Clapper strikes well. + +Now for the tempering of the Gudgeons, I leave it to the +judgment of the Workman; but a word or two of the polishing +of it. After it is filed, or turned exactly round, take +two pieces of Oak, and oyl one side of each, and strew fine +Sand thereon, and clap them in a Smiths Vice, with the round +of the Gudgeon between, then turn it about, until you think +it is sufficiently polished, then oyl the sides of the pieces +of Oak wherein there is no Sand, and so clap them in a Vice, +with the Gudgeon between, as before, then turn it round, and +it will polish the Gudgeon wonderful smooth; and if the +Brasses are likewise well polished, the Bell will go as +well at the first, as ever: Now by the neglect of this, the +roughness of the Gudgeon will wear the Brasses so unequally, +that the Bell will never go smooth and steddy. + +Now I would advise all Bell hangers to hang Bells with +bolts of Iron to come from the Cannons through the Stock, +and to fasten them with Keys at the top of the Stock, and +not with plates nailed on the sides; for they are mighty +inconvenient to fasten a bell that is loose in the Stock, +or to alter the stroke. + +As for the Rowle, let it not be without, nor within the +hollow of the side of the Wheel; nor above, nor below the +hollow at the bottom of the Wheel. Now the bigger a Wheel +is, if the Frame will permit, the bell will go the better; +when the wheel is new, nail Stays from the Stock to each +Spoke, to keep it from warping. + +'Tis very convenient (if the Frame will permit) to fasten a +piece of Timber about half a foot long on the end of the +main Spoke at the top of the Wheel (whereon the end of the +bell-rope is fastned) with a notch on the end of it; so at +the setting of the bell, the Rope will hit into that notch +from the Rowle, and this will make the bell lie easier at +hand when it is set, and flie better. + + + + +FINIS. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing, by +Richard Duckworth and Fabian Stedman + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TINTINNALOGIA, OR, THE ART *** + +***** This file should be named 18567-8.txt or 18567-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/5/6/18567/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Daniel Emerson Griffith and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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