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diff --git a/18556.txt b/18556.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0349041 --- /dev/null +++ b/18556.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2397 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Catalogue of Violent and Destructive +Earthquakes in the Philippines, by Miguel Saderra Maso + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Catalogue of Violent and Destructive Earthquakes in the Philippines + With an Appendix: Earthquakes in the Marianas Islands 1599-1909 + +Author: Miguel Saderra Maso + +Release Date: June 11, 2006 [EBook #18556] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGUE OF VIOLENT AND *** + + + + +Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Jeannie Howse, David +Garcia and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was made using scans of +public domain works from the University of Michigan Digital +Libraries) + + + + + + + * * * * * + + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | Most of the information in this document is presented in | + | wide tables (75 characters per line). | + | | + | A number of obvious typographical errors have been corrected | + | in this text. For a complete list, please see the bottom of | + | this document. | + | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + + * * * * * + + + + +DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR +WEATHER BUREAU +MANILA CENTRAL OBSERVATORY + +CATALOGUE +OF +VIOLENT AND DESTRUCTIVE +EARTHQUAKES IN THE +PHILIPPINES + +WITH AN APPENDIX + +EARTHQUAKES IN THE MARIANAS ISLANDS + +1599-1909 + +BY +REV. MIGUEL SADERRA MASO, S. J. + +ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF THE WEATHER BUREAU + +MANILA +BUREAU OF PRINTING +1910 + + + + +CATALOGUE OF VIOLENT AND DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN THE PHILIPPINES +(1599-1909). + + +Introduction.--The occasion for publishing this catalogue of +Philippine earthquakes which were of violent and destructive character +has been furnished by a request from Prof. John Milne for a list of +such phenomena, to be included in the General Earthquake Catalogue +which this eminent seismologist is preparing under the auspices of the +British Association for the Advancement of Science. The said general +catalogue has been undertaken with a view toward reducing to +uniformity and completing those published years ago by Robert Mallet +(1859) and Perrey (1844-1871). The form adopted for Professor Milne's +new catalogue is very concise, comprising only the date, intensity, +and region together with principal localities affected. It will +contain only the earthquakes of intensities VII to X according to the +scale of De Rossi-Forel, and these will be divided into three classes: +Class I will be formed by the earthquakes of sufficient force to +produce cracks in buildings and to throw down chimneys; they +correspond to force VII of De Rossi-Forel. Class II consists of the +earthquakes which not only threw down chimneys but also walls and some +weak structures; force VIII of De Rossi-Forel. Class III comprises the +earthquakes which caused general destruction; force IX and X of De +Rossi-Forel. As this classification is as purely conventional as every +other and adopted only in the catalogue mentioned, we do not employ it +in the present catalogue of Philippine earthquakes, but retain the +almost universally adopted scale of De Rossi-Forel. We shall also +present more details as to the towns and buildings damaged, the number +of victims and other disastrous effects than enter into the catalogue +of Professor Milne. + +Hence, the differences between the list prepared for Professor Milne +as well as the partial catalogue published in our Monthly Bulletin for +February of the present year consist in the following: (1) This +catalogue contains also several earthquakes whose intensities were +between VI and VII, while in the former only such figure as according +to their effects were decidedly of force VII. (2) The new catalogue is +more complete as to details concerning the towns, etc., which have +been destroyed. + +It is to be regretted that we are unable to present here a complete +historical catalogue of all the destruction wrought in the Archipelago +by earthquakes since the time when Legaspi and Urdaneta first set foot +on these shores. But the old chroniclers, who dwell upon the political +happenings with an attention to detail which is occasionally overdone, +were invariably laconic when there was question of earthquakes and +similar natural phenomena; as a rule they were satisfied with +mentioning the occurrence in a general and therefore vague way, +without any attempt at precision as to dates and places. Still the +writers in the Philippines did nothing worse than imitate their +colleagues throughout the rest of the world. This fact is responsible +for the great contrast exhibited by our catalogue as regards the +number and details of earthquakes which occurred prior to 1800, +records of which have been preserved, and the same data for the period +from 1800 to the present time. This same difference is observable in +all catalogues of a similar nature, even in those which cover +phenomena which occurred in Europe. As to the Philippine writers, an +additional excuse is found in the peculiar conditions of life in these +Islands. As far as we know, only two earthquakes which took place +during the period which alone can come under consideration--that is, +since the discovery of the Archipelago--have claimed a considerable +number of victims, and these in the capital, because outside of +Manila--if we except two or three of the principal cities--the +buildings which could become dangerous during an earthquake have +always been few. + +Moreover, in a country in which fires consume every year thousands of +dwellings and where the terrible typhoons frequently destroy whole +towns with heavy loss of lives, the damage done by earthquakes has +rarely been so great as to impress those occurrences indelibly upon +the memory. This is beyond doubt one of the reasons why prior to the +beginning of the nineteenth century hardly any data can be found +concerning the numerous earthquakes which during the preceding two +centuries must have occurred in the Visayas and above all on the large +Island of Mindanao. + +The first earthquake of which the chronicles contain a mention is that +of 1599. There is no reasonable doubt that during the twenty-eight +years which had then elapsed since the founding of Manila by Legaspi, +several strong and possibly even destructive earthquakes occurred in +this part of Luzon Island, but, as the author of the "Verdadera +relacion de la grande destruccion * * * del ano 1645" tells us, "when +first founded, Manila consisted of wooden houses roofed with a certain +kind of palm leaves, the same which the natives use in their +buildings." Hence the damage done by these earthquakes must have been +insignificant. Much more terrible were the losses caused by +conflagrations which within a few years twice wiped out the entire +city. + +The first Bishop of Manila, Domingo de Salazar, seeing the city +exposed to such general destructions by fire like the one of February +14, 1583, gave the first impulse to the construction of stone +buildings and worked indefatigably in this direction. In person he +explored the surroundings of Manila in quest of stone quarries and by +the middle of the year 1591 he had nearly finished his palace and the +cathedral, when financial difficulties caused a temporary suspension +of the work. At the same time a great number of public and private +buildings were under construction. The enthusiasm for structures of +stone or brick with tile roofs did not diminish during the next fifty +years. The chroniclers tell us that "the Spaniards began to build +their houses of stone and tiles without the so necessary precautions +against earthquakes. * * * Beautiful structures and dwelling houses +were reared, so high and spacious that they resembled palaces; +magnificent churches with lofty and graceful towers, within the walls +of Manila as well as outside of them: all of which made the city very +beautiful and gay and contributed equally to health and pleasure." The +disaster of 1645, commonly called the earthquake of St. Andrew, as it +occurred on the feast of this apostle, November 30, razed nearly every +one of these buildings to the ground, and since then the style and +appearance of buildings has changed greatly throughout the +Archipelago, with a correspondingly great saving of lives in the +subsequent earthquakes. + +Masonry arches were henceforth banished from the churches; the heavy +walls of the latter were further strengthened by massive buttresses; +and the towers were given truly enormous substructures. But even with +these precautions there is at present hardly one out of the hundreds +of churches built during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries +which did not some time or other require important repairs of its +masonry work or even partial reconstruction owing to earthquake +damages. The only structure of this class which thus far has withstood +all convulsions, is the church of St. Agustin, Manila. Nevertheless, +as we have stated before, the chroniclers hardly mention all this +destruction, except in a very general and cursory manner. I do not +hesitate to say: they were accustomed to see similar havoc created +nearly every year in one part of the Archipelago or the other by some +severe typhoon, accompanied by far greater loss of lives and property, +and consequently much more felt by the people than the destruction of +a church, _convento_, municipal building ("tribunal"), one or two +bridges, or other masonry structure. + +In the present catalogue our aim has been to present all that is known +of the various violent and destructive earthquakes on record. The +first column of each page contains the ordinal number of the +disturbance for purposes of reference. In the second, the date is +given as accurately as it could be ascertained, Roman numerals being +used to designate the months. Unfortunately, of some earthquakes only +the year is known; of others, the year and month. Of one (No. 32) the +approximate hour has been recorded, but not the day of the month; +while of another (No. 38) the hour has been preserved for posterity, +but whether the phenomenon occurred during February or March, the +records leave undecided. In the third column will be found, in the +first place, the intensity of the disturbance, Roman numerals +representing the degrees of the scale of De Rossi-Forel (I-X); then +the region affected most, and finally the damages caused, if known, +and other information, if available. + +In describing the epicentral regions, the present distribution of the +Archipelago into provinces has been used throughout the catalogue. +This division is shown on the first of the two maps of the Philippines +which accompany this catalogue (Plate I). As to the designation +"Benguet" occasionally occurring in the text where provinces are +enumerated, but not found on the map, we beg to offer the excuse that +the region thus named is exceedingly well known in the Philippines as +it contains Baguio, _the_ health resort of the Islands. For the +readers outside of the Archipelago we remark that Benguet is at +present a subprovince of the Mountain Province, of which it forms the +southernmost part. The location of Baguio is shown on the map on Plate +II. A similar remark applies to Lepanto and Bontoc, likewise divisions +of the Mountain Province, whose capitals, Cervantes and Bontoc, are +indicated on the same map. + +As we would hardly be justified in assuming that every reader is in +possession of a detailed map of the Philippines, and a knowledge of +the general distribution and the main directions of the principal +mountain systems of an earthquake country is important, we add a +second map on which these data are shown by means of dashes, together +with the most important seismic regions, and the positions of the +principal towns, bays, etc., mentioned in the text. (Plate II.) + +Near the left margin of this second map will be found an index of the +seismic regions just mentioned, each of them being represented by its +ordinal number (large Roman figures). Near each of these ordinals is +placed the corresponding number of earthquakes since 1862 contained in +the catalogue (Arabic figures), which is followed, in brackets, by an +analysis of the said number, in which Roman figures designate the +degrees of the earthquake, scale of De Rossi-Forel, while small Arabic +figures, written like exponents, give the number of earthquakes of +each degree of intensity. + +In drawing the map on Plate II it was not intended to represent the +epicentric area of every individual earthquake center (which would +have crowded the map beyond reasonable limits), but rather to show the +principal seismic regions. Hence most of these curves contain more +than one focus. The approximate position of each of the latter has, +however, been indicated by a star, while the figure placed close to +the star gives the number of earthquakes which proceeded from the said +center. + +A word must be said in apology for the constant use in the following +list of the Spanish word "_convento_." This word which means +monastery, cloister, or convent, is universally used in the +Philippines to designate also the habitation of the clergy attached to +a parish church. Although these are, as a rule, spacious buildings and +were formerly inhabited well-nigh exclusively by friars, they can not +properly be called monasteries. Wherefore, in order to avoid lengthy +circumlocutions, the Spanish word "_convento_" has been retained. + +The reader who is not familiar with this country may find it strange +that in reporting earthquake damages so much emphasis appears to be +laid on the harm done to churches and _conventos_. This is easily +explained by the fact that these buildings were often the only +structures within the meizoseismal area, and built nearly everywhere +in the most substantial manner. + +In the present catalogue we have also included, by way of an appendix, +the earthquakes which are known to have occurred in the Marianas or +Ladrones group of islands. While their number is too small to warrant +separate publication, we believe that the data concerning them will be +welcome to the earthquake investigator. + + + + +CATALOGUE OF VIOLENT AND DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN THE PHILIPPINES. + +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 1 |1599 VI 25 3 20 | IX |Manila and neighboring provinces. Damaged + | | |many private buildings in Manila; cracked + | | |the vault of the Jesuit Church so badly + | | |that it had to be demolished and replaced + | | |by a ceiling; fissured the walls and + | | |ruined the roof of Santo Domingo Church. + | | | + 2 |1600 I 2 0 0 |VIII |Earthquake of destructive force and long + | | |duration in Manila; extent of damage + | | |unknown. + | | | + 3 |1600 XI -- -- -- | VI |Violent and protracted earthquake. + | | | + 4 |1601 I 16 0 -- |VIII |Manila and adjacent provinces. Did + | | |considerable damage to some churches and + | | |many private houses in Manila. Its + | | |duration was unusually great, it being + | | |said that during 7 minutes the shocks were + | | |almost continuous. There were several dead + | | |and a great number of injured. The + | | |repetitions were frequent throughout the + | | |year. + | | | + 5 |1608 XII 3 -- -- | VI-|Leyte Island. Violent chiefly in the + | | VII |country around Dulag and Palo (E coast of + | | |northern Leyte). It does not appear to + | | |have been destructive. + | | | + 6 |1610 XI -- -- -- | IX |Manila and provinces east of it. Several + | | |writers call it a "terrible earthquake + | | |which progressed from E to W." + | | | + 7 |1620 -- -- -- -- | IX |Panay Island. Great convulsions of the + | | |ground; the Aclan River changed its + | | |course. The few stone buildings in the + | | |affected districts, as, for instance, the + | | |church at Passi, Province of Iloilo, were + | | |badly cracked, the wooden structures + | | |either fell, owing to the snapping of the + | | |uprights, or remained inclined in various + | | |directions. The provinces which suffered + | | |most were those of Iloilo and Capiz. + | | | + 8 |1627 VIII -- -- -- | X |Northern Luzon. The historians mention it + | | |as one of the earthquakes which caused the + | | |greatest convulsions in northern Luzon, + | | |especially in Ilocos Norte and Cagayan, + | | |but above all in the region of the Central + | | |Central Cordillera, Lepanto, and Bontoc. + | | |The data are somewhat vague. It is said + | | |that part of the northern Caraballo + | | |Mountains subsided. + | | | + 9 |1628 -- -- -- -- | IX |Camarines and Albay. A destructive + | | |earthquake in which, it is said, a + | | |mountain burst and emitted a river of + | | |water and mud which swept away the town + | | |of Camarines and others. The name of + | | |Camarines was at the time used to + | | |designate the present town of Camalig + | | |and the district near the southern slopes + | | |of Mayon Volcano. The flood mentioned + | | |was probably an avalanche of water, sand, + | | |volcanic ashes, and lapilli, such as also + | | |on other occasions have occurred on the + | | |slopes of the same volcano during periods + | | |of torrential rains. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 10 |1636 XII 21 -- -- | IX |Western Mindanao. Destructive earthquake. + | | |The epicenter appears to have been in + | | |Illana Bay. Great landslides are reported + | | |to have occurred at Point Flechas which is + | | |between the Bays of Illana and Sibuguey. + | | | + 11 |1641 I 4 -- -- | X |Northern Luzon. Destructive earthquake, + | | |accompanied by great landslides in the + | | |mountains and eruptions of water and mud + | | |in the region of northern Luzon which + | | |comprises the Provinces of the Ilocos, of + | | |Cagayan, and the Cordillera Central. All + | | |the historians of the Archipelago mention + | | |this cataclysm which occurred shortly + | | |after the almost simultaneous eruptions of + | | |Sanguir and Jolo. + | | | + 12 |1645 XI 30 20 -- | X |The most terrible earthquake recorded in + | | |the annals of the Archipelago. It might + | | |almost be said that from Manila to Cagayan + | | |and Ilocos Norte it left no stone upon the + | | |other. In the capital, where during the + | | |preceding fifty years a great number of + | | |stone buildings had been erected, + | | |magnificent churches, palaces, and public + | | |buildings, as well as private residences + | | |and villas, the destruction was frightful. + | | |Ten churches were wrecked entirely, to + | | |wit: the Royal Chapel, Cathedral, Santo + | | |Domingo, those of the Recollects and + | | |Franciscans, Santiago, San Antonio, + | | |Nuestra Senora de Guia, and the parish + | | |churches of Binondo and San Miguel; only + | | |San Agustin and the Jesuit Church remained + | | |standing. Twelve monasteries, colleges, + | | |and hospitals were likewise converted into + | | |ruins. No better fared the palace of the + | | |Governor-General, the Real Audiencia and + | | |up to 150 of the finest residences which, + | | |as one author puts it, "in other cities + | | |would have been considerable palaces." The + | | |rest of the private houses were damaged + | | |to so great an extent that the majority + | | |had to be demolished. The number of + | | |persons killed exceeded 600 and the total + | | |of killed and injured is stated to have + | | |been 3,000. + | | | + | | |Outside of Manila there was a general + | | |destruction of villas and other buildings + | | |which had been erected on both banks of + | | |the Pasig River. Throughout the + | | |neighboring provinces the masonry + | | |structures built by the missionaries + | | |suffered the same fate as those in Manila. + | | |From the farthest provinces in the north + | | |were reported great alterations of the + | | |surface with almost complete disappearance + | | |of some native villages, changes in the + | | |courses of rivers, subsidences of plains, + | | |eruptions of sand, etc. All the writers of + | | |the time qualify this disturbance as the + | | |most disastrous earthquake not only in + | | |Luzon, but likewise in Mindoro, + | | |Marinduque, and the other islands south of + | | |Luzon. On the other hand, the provinces of + | | |Camarines and Albay appear to have + | | |suffered little or nothing. + | | | + 13 |1645 XII 5 23 -- |VIII |The earthquake of November 30 was followed + | | |by almost daily repetitions and countless + | | |aftershocks, one of which, on December 5, + | | |was of such intensity as to finish the + | | |wrecking of many buildings, "leaving [as a + | | |chronicler writes] the city in such + | | |condition that it was impossible to walk + | | |through it." Aftershocks of variable force + | | |continued to be very frequent throughout + | | |an entire year; that is, until the end of + | | |1646. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 14 |1646 III -- -- -- | VI |According to several chroniclers, the + | | |aforementioned aftershocks were more were + | | |more frequent and of greater intensity + | | |during the month of March, some of them + | | |assuming a violent character. + | | | + 15 |1648 -- -- -- -- |VIII |Southern Luzon. Very violent earthquake, + | | |damaging many buildings (Von Hoff). + | | | + 16 |1653 V 1 -- -- | VI |Earthquake in Manila and surrounding + | | |provinces. + | | | + 17 |1658 VIII 20 17 -- | IX |Destructive earthquake. Some historians + | | |maintain that it was as severe as that of + | | |1645; but it caused fewer ruins, partly on + | | |account of its short duration, partly + | | |because it found buildings of less height + | | |and greater power or resistance than those + | | |erected before 1645. Nevertheless it + | | |destroyed the monastery of Santa Clara and + | | |did great damage to the churches and + | | |monasteries of the Dominicans and + | | |Recollects, likewise to the archiepiscopal + | | |palace, the Jesuit College, and a + | | |considerable number of private buildings. + | | |The epicentral region appears to have + | | |included only the southern part of Luzon. + | | | + 18 |1665 VI 19 -- -- |VIII |Destructive in Manila and adjacent + | | |provinces. In the ruins of numerous houses + | | |19 persons perished and many more were + | | |injured. Of public buildings only the + | | |Jesuit Church is mentioned as having + | | |suffered to some extent. + | | | + 19 |1675 II -- -- -- |VIII |Destructive in northern Mindoro and + | | |Batangas Province. Mention is made of + | | |extensive landslides, the opening of many + | | |fissures and the subsidence of large + | | |tracts on the beach of the northeast + | | |coast of Mindoro. The repetitions were many + | | |and severe. + | | | + 20 |1683 VIII 24 -- -- | VII |Damaged some buildings in Manila. + | | | + 21 |1687 II -- -- -- | VI |Several violent earthquakes, which, + | | |however, caused no notable damages. + | | | + 22 |1699 -- -- -- -- | VII |Many chroniclers assure us that during + | | |this year and the following destructive + | | |earthquakes visited Manila; but there is + | | |great confusion as to the days and months + | | |in which they occurred. + | | | + 23 |1716 IX 24 -- -- | VII |Vicinity of Taal Volcano. Violent in + | | |Manila and the Provinces of Rizal, Laguna, + | | |Cavite, and Batangas. Connected with an + | | |eruption of the volcano. At each spasm of + | | |the latter the earth shook so violently + | | |that many buildings in Manila and the + | | |provinces mentioned suffered much harm, + | | |especially those in the vicinity of Lake + | | |Bombon, within which is situated the said + | | |volcano. + | | | + 24 |1728 XI 28 -- -- | IX |Remarkable on account of its having been + | | |very perceptible throughout the entire + | | |Archipelago. Caused considerable damage in + | | |Manila and towns in southern Luzon. + | | | + 25 |1730 -- -- -- -- | IX |Destructive in the Provinces of Tayabas + | | |and Laguna; ruined the church and the + | | |church and _convento_ at Mauban and other + | | |buildings in this and other towns of the + | | |two provinces. + | | | + 26 |1743 -- -- -- -- | IX |Destructive in Tayabas Province, wrecking + | | |masonry structures in the town of Tayabas + | | |and others. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 27 |1749 VIII 12 9 -- | IX |A violent eruption of Taal Volcano, which + | | |caused great havoc in all the towns on the + | | |shores of Lake Bombon. The shocks which + | | |accompanied each of the intermittent + | | |outbursts of the volcano were so severe + | | |that they left hardly any building + | | |undamaged throughout the provinces in the + | | |neighborhood of Manila--Rizal, Laguna, + | | |Cavite, Batangas, Tayabas, and in northern + | | |Mindoro. The convulsions of the ground + | | |were very remarkable; displacement + | | |occurred and fissures, both wide and deep, + | | |opened in the entire Province of Batangas + | | |and likewise in Cavite Province, up to + | | |Lake Bay. As the shocks occurred during + | | |many days, the majority of Manila's + | | |inhabitants abandoned the Walled City and + | | |lived under tents or in structures of + | | |bamboo and nipa. The greatest force of + | | |the earthquakes and, consequently, the + | | |greatest upheavals seem to have occurred + | | |in the region stretching from Taal Volcano + | | |toward Talim Island (Lake Bay) and the + | | |Antipolo Mountain Range. + | | | + | | |Repetitions and aftershocks were frequent + | | |during nearly a year. + | | | + 28 |1754 V 15 21 -- | X |Another eruption of Taal Volcano, the most + | | |terrible in the history of the Islands. + | | |All the towns which surrounded Lake Bombon + | | |were destroyed completely. When rebuilt, + | | |they were placed at a distance from the + | | |lake. There occurred most violent + | | |earthquakes which produced disasters in + | | |the neighboring provinces equal too, if + | | |not exceeding those of 1749. The spasms, + | | |separated by intervals of greater or less + | | |duration, lasted 7 months, the principal + | | |outbursts being always accompanied by very + | | |intense earthquakes which made themselves + | | |felt throughout a large part of Luzon, on + | | |Mindoro Island, and northern Panay. + | | | + 29 |1766 XII 7 10 45 | VII |A violent earthquake, but did very slight + | | |damage in Manila. During the month many + | | |more earthquakes of less intensity were + | | |felt; in fact they had been frequent ever + | | |since the preceding August. There exist no + | | |data concerning the provinces around + | | |Manila. + | | | + 30 |1767 II 8 1 5 | VII |Manila and neighboring provinces. Violent + | | |earthquake, preceded and followed by + | | |numerous shocks of smaller intensity. + | | | + 31 |1767 XI 13 15 25 | VII |Very violent. In Manila a few walls fell + | | |and tile roofs sagged. Slight repetitions + | | |marked the succeeding days. Nothing is + | | |known of the happenings in the near-by + | | |provinces. + | | | + 32 |1770 XII -- 23 -- |VIII |Destructive earthquake. Mr. Sonnerat + | | |states that it wrecked many houses in + | | |Manila. This traveler was at the time on + | | |board a ship in the very Bay of Manila; + | | |hence it is very strange that he does not + | | |give the day of the month on which the + | | |disaster took place. + | | | + 33 |1771 II 1 -- -- |VIII |Very severe earthquake which laid in ruins + | | |several buildings in Manila, express + | | |mention being made of the Church of + | | |Nuestra Senora de Guia in Ermita, a suburb + | | |of Manila. This is probably the same + | | |disturbance which, according to some + | | |writers, in the beginning of February + | | |damaged the church of Antipolo and others + | | |in La Laguna and Cavite Provinces. + | | | + 34 |1783 IV 19 -- -- | VI |Violent earthquake in Dapitan and the + | | |whole of northwestern Mindanao. + | | | + 35 |1787 V 13 6 -- |VIII |Very violent in southern Panay, + | | |especially in the Province of Iloilo. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 36 |1787 VII 13 7 -- | X |Panay Island. A terrible earthquake which + | | |left the whole island strewn with ruins. + | | |Of 15 to 20 churches and _conventos_ in + | | |Iloilo Province only two or three remained + | | |standing; in the two other provinces, + | | |Capiz and Antique, the destruction was + | | |less universal. Even the thick walls of + | | |the fort at Iloilo were breached in many + | | |places. There were subsidences in the + | | |plains and landslides in the mountains and + | | |mighty fissures opened. It is stated that + | | |the victims were numerous: in one building + | | |15 persons perished. + | | | + 37 |1796 -- -- -- -- | IX |Many writers assert that during this year + | | |a most violent earthquake shook Manila + | | |and was followed by severe repetitions + | | |during the succeeding 20 days. But, + | | |although all agree that the quake was + | | |destructive, not one of them gives + | | |precise information as to its effects. + | | | + 38 |1797 II- -- 14 -- | VII |A violent earthquake but not destructive + | III | |in Manila took place between February 11 + | | |and March 7. It fissured walls and ruined + | | |tile roofs. + | | | + 39 |1811 X 5 -- -- | IX |Destructive earthquake in Camarines + | | |Province. It wrecked many churches, + | | |_conventos_, and other buildings + | | |throughout the province, from San Miguel + | | |Bay to the vicinity of Albay. + | | | + 40 |1814 II 2 -- -- | VII |Albay. Violent earthquakes which preceded + | | |and accompanied the great eruption of + | | |Mayon Volcano, Province of Albay. Several + | | |towns situated on the slopes of the + | | |mountain were destroyed by this outburst, + | | |while others, at a greater distance, + | | |suffered less severely. + | | | + 41 |1818 -- -- -- -- | VII |Dapitan, northwestern Mindanao. Several + | | |violent earthquakes with countless + | | |repetitions distributed through 6 months. + | | | + 42 |1824 I -- -- -- | VII |Earthquake, violent in Manila and + | | |destructive in Cagayan and Isabela + | | |Provinces, northeastern Luzon. + | | | + 43 |1824 IX 29 -- -- | IX |Central Luzon. Destructive, making many + | | |ruins throughout the Provinces of Tayabas, + | | |Laguna, Rizal, and Nueva Ecija. The + | | |churches of Cavinti and Lukban were + | | |destroyed, that of Antipolo and others + | | |badly damaged. + | | | + 44 |1824 X 26 -- -- | IX |Destructive in Manila and neighboring + | | |provinces. Spoiled the Bridge of Spain + | | |and the barracks in its vicinity, the + | | |church of Saint Francis and others and + | | |many private houses. Frightened by the + | | |continual repetitions, people left the + | | |city to live in nipa houses and under + | | |tents. The undulations seemed to come + | | |from north-northwest. + | | | + 45 |1828 XI 9 18 30 |VIII |Destructive earthquake. Damaged several + | | |churches in Manila, likewise the prison + | | |and many private residences. The shocks + | | |appeared to advance from south to north. + | | | + 46 |1830 I 18 17 -- | IX |Southern Luzon. Destructive in the + | | |Provinces of Rizal, Laguna, and Tayabas. + | | |In Manila the damage was confined to the + | | |cracking of walls and the falling of such + | | |as had little power of resistance; but + | | |toward Laguna and Tayabas the destruction + | | |was greater; the complete destruction of + | | |the church and _convento_ of Mauban is + | | |expressly mentioned. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 47 |1836 I 5 -- -- | VII |Very violent earthquake in western + | | |Mindanao. The epicenter was in Illana + | | |Bay. Severe shocks were felt in Cotabato + | | |and Zamboanga, 250 kilometers distant + | | |from each other. + | | | + 48 |1840 -- -- -- -- | IX |Destructive earthquake in Sorsogon and + | | |Masbate. Ruined the masonry buildings. In + | | |Sorsogon Bay extensive subsidences + | | |occurred; the sea invaded the town, + | | |causing great destruction and claiming + | | |many victims. + | | | + 49 |1852 IX 16 18 45 | IX |Central Luzon. Destructive earthquake + | | |which made itself felt with violence in + | | |the Provinces of Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, + | | |Batangas, Tayabas, Bataan, Zambales, + | | |Pampanga, Bulacan, and Nueva Ecija. In + | | |Manila it damaged severely a great number + | | |of buildings, among them the cathedral and + | | |the churches of the Jesuits, San Miguel, + | | |and Paco, the church and _convento_ at + | | |Pandacan (near Manila), and many houses. + | | |It is stated that the damage was + | | |(relatively) vastly greater in the + | | |Provinces of Bataan, Cavite, and Batangas, + | | |where many fissures opened and subsidences + | | |and landslides occurred. The zone most + | | |severely chastised seems to have stretched + | | |from the Zambales Mountain Range as far as + | | |the coasts of Batangas and Northern + | | |Mindoro. Aftershocks were frequent until + | | |the middle of October. + | | | + 50 |1852 IX 25 -- -- | VI |Very strong earthquake in Camarines and + | | |Albay Provinces. + | | | + 51 |1852 XII 24 -- -- | IX |Destructive earthquake in Batangas + | | |Province and northern Mindoro. Ruined + | | |many buildings, among which were the + | | |church of Taal and the church and + | | |_convento_ of Bauang; the church of + | | |Batangas likewise suffered severely. + | | | + 52 |1853 -- -- -- -- |VIII |Destructive earthquake in Camarines + | | |Province. Made ruins in many towns of the + | | |southeastern part of the province, express + | | |mention being made of the church, + | | |_convento_, tribunal, and the schools of + | | |Pulangui. + | | | + 53 |1855 III 22 -- -- |VIII |Very violent earthquake in southeastern + | | |Luzon. Caused likewise some ruins in the + | | |Provinces of Camarines, Albay, and + | | |Sorsogon. + | | | + 54 |1858 -- -- -- -- | VI |Very strong earthquakes throughout the + | | |district of Cotabato and the south of + | | |Lanao district; but it is not known + | | |whether they caused extensive damages. + | | | + 55 |1862 III 4 17 30 | VII |Violent earthquake; cracked some buildings + | | |in Manila and the neighboring provinces. + | | | + 56 |1862 VII 13 16 2 | VII |Violent earthquake which displayed its + | | |greatest intensity to the east-northeast + | | |of Manila, in the vicinity of Casiguran + | | |and Baler Bays. Damaged the church and + | | |_convento_ of Baler. Several aftershocks + | | |followed during the next 4 days. + | | | + 57 |1862 IX 9 3 -- |VIII |Ilocos Norte and Cagayan. The epicenter + | | |lay within the Central Cordillera. Did + | | |some damage to the church of Piddig and to + | | |other towns situated near the Cordillera. + | | | + 58 |1862 X 30 12 30 | VI |Laguna Province. Very strong earthquake, + | | |doing slight damage in the towns south of + | | |Lake Bay and close to the volcanic cone of + | | |Mount Maquiling. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 59 |1863 VI 3 19 20 | X |Manila and adjacent provinces. A + | | |disastrous earthquake, comparable with + | | |that of 1645. Laid in ruins the cathedral + | | |and nearly all the other churches, except + | | |San Agustin, the palace of the + | | |Governor-General, the Audiencia, the + | | |barracks, warehouses, etc.; all in all, 46 + | | |public buildings in ruins and 25 others + | | |badly damaged. Of private houses 570 were + | | |destroyed, 531 left tottering. Total, + | | |1,172 buildings in ruins or badly damaged. + | | |The number of victims was appalling. It is + | | |estimated that in Manila and the + | | |surrounding towns alone the number of + | | |killed reached 400, that of the injured + | | |2,000. The catastrophe likewise involved + | | |many towns in Rizal, Laguna, and Cavite, + | | |where it destroyed churches and a great + | | |number of houses. + | | | + 60 |1863 VI 9 -- -- | VII |Violent earthquake which in Manila and + | | |neighboring towns brought to the ground + | | |several buildings left in a tottering + | | |condition by the preceding disturbance. + | | | + 61 |1864 I 3 -- -- | VI |Origin, south of Illana Bay. It was felt + | | |very strongly both at Zamboanga and + | | |Cotabato; the former west, the latter + | | |east of the bay mentioned. + | | | + 62 |1865 XI 23 4 -- | VI |Strong earthquake which caused great + | | |excitement in Manila and adjacent + | | |provinces. + | | | + 63 |1866 XII 29 3 -- | VII |Ilocos Norte. Very violent earthquake. + | | |Damaged several buildings at Laoag and in + | | |other towns of the province. + | | | + 64 |1867 I 5 9 45 | VI |Albay Province. Very strong earthquake. + | | | + 65 |1867 III 26 13 -- | VI |Ilocos Norte. Very strong earthquake. + | | |Shocks of varying intensity were frequent + | | |in this province during the months + | | |December, 1866, to April, 1867. + | | | + 66 |1867 XII 27 9 11 | VI |Samar Island. Very strong and prolonged + | | |earthquake. + | | | + 67 |1868 IV 4 -- -- | VI |Leyte Island. Very strong earthquake. + | | | + 68 |1868 VI 29 8 11 | VI |Panay Island. Very strong earthquake in + | | |Iloilo and other towns of the southern + | | |part of the island. Frequent, but weak + | | |shocks had been felt since June 7. + | | | + 69 |1869 VIII 16 15 -- | IX |Masbate Island. Disastrous earthquake. + | | |Destroyed the few masonry buildings extant + | | |on the island and ruined or inclined + | | |hundreds of houses of wood or light + | | |materials; large trees fell, fissures + | | |opened, and vast landslides occurred in + | | |the mountains and along the coasts, + | | |especially in the south of the island. + | | |Countless repetitions followed, over 100 + | | |of the more severe ones having been + | | |counted during the first fortnight after + | | |the earthquake. + | | | + 70 |1869 X 1 11 35 |VIII |Neighboring provinces east and south of + | | |Manila, and northern Mindoro. On Luzon the + | | |provinces chiefly affected were Rizal, + | | |Laguna, Cavite, and Batangas. In Manila + | | |this earthquake did considerable damage to + | | |quite a number of buildings. In the + | | |Provinces of Cavite and Batangas a few + | | |churches and _conventos_ were wrecked. + | | |There was no loss of life. Repetitions + | | |were frequent during the 5 days + | | |immediately following the earthquake. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 71 |1869 X 23 16 30 | VII |Very violent earthquake in southern + | | |Luzon, especially in Laguna Province. + | | |Slightly damaged some buildings. + | | | + 72 |1870 III 2 3 -- | VI |Northeastern Samar. Very strong + | | |earthquake. + | | | + 73 |1870 V 23 23 55 | VII |Northern Luzon. Very violent earthquake + | | |in the Provinces of Ilocos Norte, + | | |Cagayan, Isabela, and the northern part + | | |of the Mountain Province. + | | | + 74 |1870 XI 4 4 -- | VII |Central Mindanao. A violent earthquake + | | |whose epicenter lay between the Gulf of + | | |Davao and the Province of Misamis. During + | | |the months of November and December + | | |occurred many repetitions, some of them + | | |very intense. + | | | + 75 |1871 II 21 4 -- | IX |Camiguin Island. Destructive earthquake + | | |which affected only the extreme north of + | | |the island, where subsequently, on the + | | |30th of April, a volcano which had been + | | |believed extinct, burst forth again near + | | |its base. This great earthquake was the + | | |first of a series of shocks which preceded + | | |the eruption. It ruined many buildings + | | |constructed of wood, and rent asunder the + | | |massive walls of the churches at Mambajao + | | |and Catarman, while in the mountains it + | | |caused many landslides. Between February + | | |21 and April 30, the date of the volcanic + | | |eruption, four violent earthquakes were + | | |felt on Camiguin and the neighboring + | | |Islands of Mindanao, Cebu, Bohol, etc., + | | |aside from countless shocks of less + | | |intensity. With the eruption, the + | | |earthquakes ceased completely. + | | | + 76 |1871 VI 28 5 30 | VI |District of Davao, southeastern Mindanao. + | | |Violent earthquake throughout the region + | | |surrounding Davao Gulf, with frequent + | | |aftershocks during the ensuing 8 days. + | | | + 77 |1871 VII 11 21 19 | VI |Very strong earthquake, remarkable for its + | | |wide extension, as it was felt strongly in + | | |all the provinces of Luzon north of the + | | |sixteenth parallel of north latitude. + | | |Repetitions were frequent for three or + | | |four days. + | | | + 78 |1871 X 4 20 30 | VII |District of Davao, southeastern Mindanao. + | | |A very violent earthquake, shaking the + | | |region around the Gulf of Davao. + | | | + 79 |1871 XI 5 9 -- | VII |Surigao, northeastern Mindanao. Very + | | |violent and prolonged earthquake in the + | | |Province of Surigao; also remarkable for + | | |its extension, being felt intensely + | | |throughout eastern Mindanao and + | | |perceptible on all the Visayan Islands. + | | | + 80 |1871 XI 29 16 30 | VII |Very violent earthquake in western + | | |Mindanao and on the Islands of Basilan + | | |and Jolo. It caused slight damage to + | | |several buildings at Zamboanga. + | | | + 81 |1871 XII 8 17 30 | IX |Destructive earthquake throughout the + | | |districts of Lanao, Cotabato, and Davao, + | | |Mindanao. It is reported that at Cotabato + | | |and Pollok not a single building remained + | | |standing; the happenings in the Moro + | | |villages and forts are not known. Even in + | | |Davao, at a distance of 200 kilometers, + | | |it developed great violence. Within one + | | |hour three series of most violent shocks + | | |were experienced, accompanied by + | | |subterraneous rumblings. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 82 |1871 XII 9 7 30 |VIII |Most violent earthquake in the same + | | |regions of Lanao and Cotabato, which + | | |completed the devastation of the + | | |preceding. Also in this earthquake several + | | |separate groups of shocks could be + | | |distinguished, which occurred within the + | | |space of a little more than half an hour. + | | |The subterranean noises were much stronger + | | |than on the preceding day and caused + | | |consternation. During the first few days + | | |following these quakes occurred uncounted + | | |repetitions, some of which, like the + | | |principal earthquakes, were perceptible + | | |not only throughout Mindanao, but likewise + | | |in the Visayas up to distances exceeding + | | |500 kilometers. + | | | + 83 |1871 XII 19 22 30 | VII |Very violent earthquake throughout the + | | |length of eastern Mindanao, from Surigao + | | |to Davao. It was likewise very perceptible + | | |on Samar and Leyte Islands. For a number + | | |of days there were many repetitions, some + | | |of them very intense, notably those which + | | |took place on the 21st and 22d. + | | | + 84 |1872 I 26 19 30 | VII |Violent earthquake close to the coast of + | | |Zambales, near the town of Agno. The + | | |shock was repeated ten to twelve times, + | | |accompanied by subterraneous noises; an + | | |extraordinary wave was seen in the sea + | | |close to the coast and in the Agno River + | | |which empties into the sea near the town. + | | |The affected area was very small, which + | | |makes it appear probable that the cause + | | |must be sought in some displacements in + | | |the scarps of the coast. + | | | + 85 |1872 I 27 16 30 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the Province of + | | |Ilocos Norte, followed by numerous + | | |repetitions of considerable intensity + | | |during the 28th, 29th, and 30th. + | | | + 86 |1872 VII 22 22 50 | VI |Camarines and Albay. Very strong + | | |earthquake, followed by frequent + | | |repetitions during the next two days. + | | | + 87 |1872 VIII 24 21 -- | VI |District of Davao, southeastern Mindanao. + | | |Very strong and prolonged earthquake in + | | |the vicinity of Mount Apo; repetitions + | | |somewhat frequent during several days. + | | | + 88 |1872 IX 6 0 -- | VI |Violent earthquake in northern Samar, + | | |Catanduanes Island, and the Provinces of + | | |Sorsogon and Albay, having its origin + | | |to the northeast of San Bernardino Strait. + | | |On the same and the following day occurred + | | |four repetitions of moderate intensity. + | | | + 89 |1872 IX 10 20 20 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the northern + | | |part of the Mountain Province, Luzon, + | | |which, during the month, was preceded and + | | |followed by other shocks of less + | | |intensity. + | | | + 90 |1872 XII 29 11 48 |VIII |Most violent earthquake in the region + | | |southwest of Manila, which is comprised + | | |between the Zambales Mountain Range and + | | |the northern part of Mindoro. It did + | | |considerable damage to buildings in the + | | |Provinces of Bataan, Cavite, and Batangas. + | | |The towns which suffered most severely + | | |were Balanga, Tuy, Nasugbu, Calaca, + | | |Balayan, Taal, and Batangas. Several + | | |shocks of small intensity preceded the + | | |principal quake between 6 and 9 o'clock. + | | | + 91 |1873 I 16 23 45 | VI |An earthquake which was very strong in + | | |Batangas Province and strong in northern + | | |Mindoro and the Provinces of Tayabas, + | | |Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, and Bulacan. + | | |During the preceding days several light + | | |shocks had been felt. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 92 |1873 III 18 13 -- |VIII |Southern Samar. Destructive earthquake + | | |whose meizoseismic area included only the + | | |town of Mercedes--where some walls were + | | |thrown down and others cracked--and a few + | | |unimportant villages in the vicinity, + | | |situated on the Pacific coast, near which + | | |was the seat of disturbance. + | | | + 93 |1873 III 31 1 58 | VII |Northern Luzon. This earthquake was + | | |violent in Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and + | | |the Mountain Province. It was remarkable + | | |for its duration of nearly one minute. + | | |The resulting damage was negligible. + | | | + 94 |1873 VI 11 23 15 | VI |This earthquake was violent in + | | |northeastern Mindoro and very strong on + | | |Romblon and Marinduque Islands, likewise + | | |in the Province of Batangas. During June, + | | |July, and August the same region + | | |experienced several shocks of less + | | |intensity. + | | | + 95 |1873 XI 14 17 30 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in Tayabas Province + | | |and on Marinduque Island. It caused great + | | |harm in towns of Mauban, Lucban, and + | | |others in northeastern Tayabas, and + | | |likewise at Boac and Santa Cruz on + | | |Marinduque. Many repetitions of smaller + | | |intensity occurred during that day and the + | | |following. + | | | + 96 |1874 I 17 4 -- | VI |Sorsogon Province and Masbate Island. + | | |Intense earthquake, followed by frequent + | | |light repetitions and five strong + | | |earthquakes during the months of February + | | |and March. + | | | + 97 |1874 IV 14 6 45 | VI |Northern Luzon. A very strong earthquake + | | |throughout northern Luzon; that is, in + | | |the provinces north of the 16th parallel + | | |of latitude. Its center appears to have + | | |been near the Ilocos coast. + | | | + 98 |1874 VII 8 10 32 | VI |Central Luzon. Strong earthquake in the + | | |Provinces of Pangasinan, Union, Benguet, + | | |Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, Tarlac, Zambales, + | | |Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Bulacan. The + | | |epicenter was near the shores of + | | |Casiguran Bay. + | | | + 99 |1874 VIII 25 6 30 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in Zamboanga, + | | |western Mindanao. It did considerable + | | |damage to masonry buildings and overturned + | | |walls. Many large fissures opened near the + | | |beach of the sea. + | | | +100 |1874 IX 16 10 9 | VII |Violent earthquake in central and eastern + | | |Luzon, with innumerable repetitions until + | | |the end of October. The center lay near + | | |Casiguran Bay. The provinces affected + | | |most were northern Camarines, Tayabas, + | | |Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, + | | |Nueva Vizcaya, and Isabela. + | | | +101 |1875 III 9 3 30 | VII |Very violent earthquake in Abra and the + | | |Mountain Province. Destroyed some houses + | | |and caused landslides on the mountain + | | |sides, ruining rice terraces. It was + | | |preceded by feeble shocks and followed by + | | |many repetitions until the 14th. + | | | +102 |1876 V 19 11 30 |VIII |An earthquake which displayed destructive + | | |force in the Camarines. Considerable + | | |damage resulted to many buildings in Daet, + | | |Nueva Caceres, Iriga, Buhi, and some other + | | |towns. The duration of this earthquake was + | | |quite unusual. Many repetitions were felt + | | |during the following five days. + | | | +103 |1877 VI 2 11 6 | VI |Very strong earthquake throughout central + | | |Luzon. The meizoseismal area comprised + | | |the northern and east-northeastern part + | | |of Pangasinan Province. The shocks had + | | |still considerable force on the southern + | | |and northern coast of Luzon, at distances + | | |of about 300 kilometers. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +104 |1877 VI 24 7 -- | VII |Very violent earthquake in Batangas and + | | |Cavite Provinces, in the vicinity of Taal + | | |Volcano. During the 5 hours immediately + | | |preceding the quake, seven series of + | | |violent shocks were felt. The earthquake + | | |cracked many walls in the towns closest + | | |to Lake Bombon. + | | | +105 |1877 VII 5 12 7 | VII |Violent earthquake in Camarines, which did + | | |no damage, but is remarkable on account of + | | |its having been felt with considerable + | | |force throughout a great part of Luzon and + | | |the Visayas. It was followed by very many + | | |aftershocks of variable intensity, 20 + | | |having been recorded during the first 24 + | | |hours following the earthquake. + | | | +106 |1877 VII 23 16 24 | VII |Leyte Island. Very violent earthquake, + | | |doing some harm in the northern part of + | | |the island. + | | | +107 |1878 VIII 13 12 14 | VI |Very strong earthquake of great extension. + | | |Its epicenter was southwest of Luzon, near + | | |the western coast of Cavite and Zambales + | | |Provinces. It was felt intensely from + | | |Mindoro to the Provinces of Union and + | | |Isabela. + | | | +108 |1878 IX 17 0 50 | VII |Violent earthquake to the west of the + | | |Gulf of Davao, in the neighborhood of Apo + | | |Volcano. Many buildings of Davao suffered + | | |seriously. Repetitions were frequent + | | |until the 22d. + | | | +109 |1879 VII 1 2 38 | X |Surigao Peninsula. Destructive earthquake, + | | |with disastrous results to buildings and + | | |the topography of the region. Not a single + | | |stone building remained inhabitable, + | | |although some of them, like the church, + | | |government house, and prison at Surigao, + | | |were of most solid construction. Besides + | | |the opening of innumerable fissures and + | | |vast landslides on the coasts and in the + | | |mountains, there occurred extensive + | | |subsidences: several accurate observations + | | |seem to prove that a great part of the + | | |peninsula was depressed by about 2 feet. + | | |In short, this earthquake was one of those + | | |which produced the greatest changes of + | | |topography experienced in the Philippines. + | | |There followed other very strong quakes on + | | |July 5, 24, and 28, and August 8, with + | | |countless repetitions of less importance + | | |during several months. From July 1 to 15 + | | |occurred on the average 5 perceptible + | | |shocks per day. + | | | +110 |1879 VIII 29 6 -- | VI |District of Cotabato, Mindanao. Very + | | |strong earthquake which closed a series of + | | |quakes which had begun on the 10th of the + | | |month. Of these, two felt on the 13th and + | | |one on the 21st had been rather intense. + | | | +111 |1879 IX 28 -- -- | VI |District of Davao, Mindanao. Very strong + | | |earthquake followed by some repetitions. + | | |On the 16th of the same month a somewhat + | | |less intense earthquake had been felt in + | | |the same region. + | | | +112 |1879 X 14 9 -- | VII |Ilocos Norte. Very violent earthquake + | | |which damaged buildings in the town of + | | |Baccarra. + | | | +113 |1879 XII 19 -- -- | VII |Ilocos Norte. Very violent earthquake + | | |resulting in damaged buildings at Laoag + | | |and other towns of the province. + | | | +114 |1880 III 28 5 4 | VI |Very strong earthquake in eastern Panay + | | |and the northwestern part of Negros + | | |Island. + | | | +115 |1880 VII 15 0 53 |VIII |Eastern part of Luzon. Destructive + | | |earthquake in the Provinces of Tayabas + | | |and Laguna. It damaged to some extent all + | | |masonry structures, both public and + | | |private, in the towns east of Lake Bay. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +116 |1880 VII 18 12 40 | IX |Central and southern Luzon. Destructive + | | |earthquake affecting the Provinces of + | | |Tayabas, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan, + | | |Bataan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, and + | | |Pangasinan. In Manila, as well as in the + | | |towns of the provinces mentioned, the + | | |earthquake did incalculable harm to + | | |buildings, besides causing subsidences, + | | |fissures, lateral displacements and + | | |similar effects, especially in the + | | |alluvial lands along the banks of the + | | |Rivers Pasig, the Great and Little + | | |Pampanga, and the Agno. + | | | +117 |1880 VII 20 15 40 |VIII |Earthquake of destructive violence in the + | | |towns surrounding Lake Bay, especially in + | | |those south and west of the lake. + | | | + | | |Within the epicentral region of the three + | | |preceding earthquakes, which measures + | | |about 300 kilometers from north to south + | | |and 200 kilometers from east to west, + | | |severe damage was done to the principal + | | |stone buildings, such as churches, + | | |_conventos_, court-houses, schools, and a + | | |few private houses, of 112 of the city + | | |principal towns. In the of Manila some 30 + | | |public buildings (administration + | | |buildings, barracks, churches, + | | |monasteries, and colleges) and about 200 + | | |private houses of strong materials were + | | |either wrecked or badly damaged. + | | |Fortunately the number of victims was not + | | |in proportion to the magnitude of the + | | |disaster, neither in Manila nor in the + | | |provinces. From the various reports + | | |published at the time we conclude that + | | |the number of killed did not exceed 20, + | | |nor that of the injured 50. + | | | +118 |1880 IX 23 22 30 | VI |Strong earthquake along the Zambales + | | |coast, western Luzon. Frequent + | | |repetitions until October 2d. + | | | +119 |1881 VII 11 12 35 | VI |Very strong earthquake in southern Panay + | | |and northwestern Negros. + | | | +120 |1881 VII 27 16 30 | VII |Violent earthquake in the Province of + | | |Nueva Vizcaya. This was the first violent + | | |forerunner of the innumerable shocks which + | | |during the months of August, September, + | | |and October were to spread devastation and + | | |terror throughout this province. + | | | +121 |1881 IX 1 12 20 | IX |Destructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya. + | | | +122 |1881 IX 18 4 55 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya. + | | | +123 |1881 IX 18 22 40 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya. + | | | +124 |1881 IX 20 14 25 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya. + | | | + | | |This memorable seismic period of Nueva + | | |Vizcaya ended after October 15. During + | | |August and September a missionary made a + | | |list comprising over 150 distinct + | | |earthquakes, without including countless + | | |repetitions of smaller intensity. The + | | |effects of these earthquakes were more + | | |notable by the alterations in the + | | |topography of the region than by the + | | |damage done to buildings, as the latter + | | |were of wood and thatched with cogon + | | |grass. The inhabitants were + | | |terror-stricken and the authorities had + | | |to work hard to prevent a general exodus + | | |from the country. + | | | +125 |1882 IV 10 19 30 | VI |District of Cotabato, Mindanao. Violent + | | |earthquake, preceded by subterraneous + | | |rumblings and followed by frequent + | | |repetitions. Already during March some + | | |very strong shocks had preceded. + | | | +126 |1882 X 10 16 57 | VII |Violent earthquake in Camarines Province + | | |with several repetitions. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +127 |1882 XII 6 -- -- | VII |Very violent earthquake in the north of + | | |Cebu Island and southern Masbate. + | | | +128 |1883 II 10 3 28 | VII |Very violent earthquake in Nueva Vizcaya + | | |and Benguet Provinces. It had been + | | |preceded by a strong shock at 12h 20m of + | | |the 6th. + | | | +129 |1884 I 10 7 22 | VII |Very violent earthquake near the southern + | | |coasts of Camarines Province, followed by + | | |a strong quake on the 11th and by + | | |numerous repetitions. + | | | +130 |1884 VI 5 -- -- | VI |Very strong earthquake in the Province of + | | |Misamis, northern Mindanao. Repeated with + | | |the same intensity at 8h and 13h. + | | | +131 |1884 X 29 4 10 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the whole south + | | |and southeast of Luzon, chiefly in the + | | |Provinces of Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, + | | |Albay, and Sorsogon; likewise on Masbate + | | |Island. Many repetitions occurred until + | | |the end of November. + | | | +132 |1884 XII 24 5 -- | VI |Samar, Leyte, and northeast Mindanao. Very + | | |strong earthquake, with very severe + | | |repetitions on the 26th, 27th, and 28th. + | | | +133 |1885 II 22 15 30 |VIII |East coast of Mindanao. Destructive + | | |earthquake, which did extensive damage to + | | |the churches and other buildings of stone + | | |or wood and caused mighty fissures and + | | |landslides in the mountains as well as in + | | |the scarps of the Pacific coast. + | | | +134 |1885 VII 23 22 45 | IX |Northwestern Mindanao. Destructive + | | |earthquake which ruined several buildings + | | |in the towns and villages of the Dapitan + | | |district. The origin lay in the + | | |east-northeastern part of the Sulu Sea. + | | |The disturbance was felt strongly in + | | |nearly all of the Visayan Islands, in + | | |western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. + | | |Repetitions were frequent until the end of + | | |October, those of July 31, September 9, + | | |September 23, and October 25 being very + | | |intense. + | | | +135 |1885 IX 30 6 -- | VI |Northeastern Mindanao and southeastern + | | |Leyte. Very strong earthquake, followed by + | | |many repetitions. + | | | +136 |1885 XI 19 21 31 | VII |Very violent earthquake in the Provinces + | | |of Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Benguet, + | | |followed by strong repetitions on + | | |December 8, 19, and 27. + | | | +137 |1886 IV 10 8 -- | VI |Very strong earthquake in the southeast + | | |of Panay and northwest of Negros Islands. + | | | +138 |1887 II 2 23 -- | IX |Panay Island. Destructive earthquake, + | | |causing notable damages, especially in + | | |the towns of the Provinces of Iloilo and + | | |Capiz. The two days following the + | | |earthquake brought many aftershocks. + | | | +139 |1887 III 24 21 14 |VIII |Camarines Province. Destructive earthquake + | | |doing considerable harm in several towns + | | |in the vicinity of Nueva Caceres. The 25th + | | |witnessed a very intense repetition, while + | | |lighter aftershocks were frequent until + | | |the month of May. + | | | +140 |1888 I 27 3 45 | VI |Very strong earthquake in eastern + | | |Mindanao, which had its epicenter in the + | | |Agusan River Valley. + | | | +141 |1888 VIII 19 14 39 | VI |Northeastern Luzon. Very strong + | | |earthquake, especially in the Provinces + | | |of Cagayan and Isabela, followed by many + | | |repetitions of varying intensity. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +142 |1889 I 1 10 20 | VII |Northeastern Mindanao. Violent earthquake + | | |in the districts of Surigao and Butuan. + | | |Repeated with equal force at 21h 40m of + | | |the 12th, doing slight damage to buildings + | | |in Surigao, Placer, and Gigaquit, and + | | |opening numerous fissures in the ground. + | | |Repetitions were very frequent throughout + | | |the month, more than 100 having been + | | |recorded until the 22d. + | | | +143 |1889 II 5 15 53 |VIII |Western Mindanao. Destructive earthquake + | | |whose origin lay south of Illana Bay. It + | | |was felt with equal force at Zamboanga and + | | |Cotabato, each at a distance of more than + | | |100 kilometers from the epicenter, but did + | | |no harm worth mentioning. + | | | +144 |1889 V 26 2 23 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in the Province of + | | |Batangas and northern Mindoro. It wrecked + | | |the church at Ibaan and severely damaged + | | |the church and other buildings in + | | |Batangas, Bauang, Calapan, and several + | | |other towns. + | | | +145 |1889 X 6 11 10 | VII |Very violent earthquake throughout eastern + | | |Mindanao, with epicenter in the valley of + | | |the Agusan River. It was very perceptible + | | |in every part of the island and on many of + | | |the Visayas. + | | | +146 |1890 II 7 0 10 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in northern Leyte + | | |which split walls in Barugo, Carigara, and + | | |other towns, and produced large fissures + | | |in the lowlands along the coast. On the + | | |7th and 8th occurred 2 strong and more + | | |than 20 light repetitions. + | | | +147 |1890 IV 13 14 4 | VI |Northern Luzon. Very strong earthquake in + | | |Ilocos Norte and Sur, the Mountain + | | |Province, Cagayan, and Isabela. A + | | |repetition occurring at 20h developed the + | | |same intensity. + | | | +148 |1891 VI 25 20 10 | VII |Very violent earthquake in eastern + | | |Mindanao whose center was in the Agusan + | | |River Valley. Slightly damaged buildings + | | |at Davao and Butuan, situated 100 + | | |kilometers south and north, respectively, + | | |of the focus. + | | | +149 |1892 III 8 -- -- |VIII |Batanes Islands. Destructive earthquake. + | | |All that is known of the effects is that + | | |it wrecked some buildings at Santo Domingo + | | |and other towns on Batan Island. + | | | +150 |1892 III 16 20 58 | X |Disastrous earthquake in the Provinces of + | | |Pangasinan, Union, and Benguet. It created + | | |great havoc in the masonry buildings, such + | | |as churches, _conventos_, court-houses, + | | |and schools, besides a few private houses, + | | |of 30 of the principal towns within the + | | |meizoseismic area, produced great fissures + | | |and extensive subsidences in the alluvial + | | |plains, and many landslides in the steep + | | |mountains of northern Pangasinan. Luckily + | | |the falling buildings killed only one or + | | |two persons. Repetitions were frequent up + | | |to the end of the month; of these three + | | |occurring on the 17th and one each on the + | | |26th and 28th were of exceptional + | | |intensity. + | | | +151 |1892 III 17 0 34 | VII |Very violent earthquake in the region + | | |mentioned under No. 150. Wrecked some + | | |buildings damaged by the preceding. + | | | +152 |1893 III 9 0 35 | VI |Central Luzon. Very strong earthquake in + | | |the Provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Benguet, + | | |and Pangasinan. + | | | +153 |1893 IV 12 13 48 | VI |Very strong earthquake in Camarines, + | | |Albay, Sorsogon, Masbate, and northern + | | |Samar. Its epicenter was close to Masbate + | | |Island. + | | | +154 |1893 VI 3 6 23 | VII |Violent earthquake in the whole western + | | |part of Mindanao, proceeding from the + | | |neighborhood of Illana Bay. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +155 |1893 VI 21 14 50 | X |Disastrous earthquake in the Agusan River + | | |Valley. The fact that there was no general + | | |destruction of buildings with heavy loss + | | |of life is due solely to the circumstance + | | |that the region affected contained only + | | |structures of bamboo and nipa. The effects + | | |of the convulsions on the topography of + | | |the region give an idea of what the + | | |consequences of the quake might have been + | | |had it found another class of buildings. + | | |There are indications that in the southern + | | |part of the valley an area of many square + | | |kilometers subsided to a considerable + | | |extent. Repetitions were frequent + | | |throughout an entire year. + | | | +156 |1893 VII 1 4 8 | VII |Very violent earthquake in the valley of + | | |the Agusan River. + | | | +157 |1893 XII 24 0 24 | VI |Very strong earthquake in southeastern + | | |Luzon, northern Samar, and Masbate. The + | | |epicenter lay northeast of Masbate Island, + | | |close to Capul Island, on which latter the + | | |quake was violent. Repeated at 18h 2m of + | | |the same day. + | | | +158 |1894 II 10 0 42 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in southeastern + | | |Mindanao, having its epicenter in the + | | |region east of Davao Gulf. It produced + | | |many fissures and displacements in the + | | |mountains and cracked a few houses of wood + | | |in the towns of Mati and Sigaboy. The + | | |aftershocks continued on the 10th and + | | |11th, occurring at intervals of about 5 + | | |minutes. + | | | +159 |1894 II 18 5 23 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the valley of + | | |the Agusan River which was repeated with + | | |the same intensity at 23h 58m of the 19th. + | | | +160 |1894 IV 2 2 34 | VI |Very strong earthquake in central Luzon, + | | |especially in Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and + | | |Benguet. + | | | +161 |1894 VI 29 2 57 |VIII |Agusan River Valley. Destructive + | | |earthquake whose effects were similar to + | | |those of the earthquake on June 21, 1893 + | | |(No. 155). The aftershocks, which had been + | | |felt ever since the latter disturbance, + | | |increased in force and frequency. + | | | +162 |1894 VI 30 5 50 | VII |Violent earthquake in Agusan River Valley. + | | |Repeated with the same intensity at 20h + | | |8m. + | | | +163 |1895 V 14 6 42 | VII |Northern Mindoro. Very violent earthquake + | | |which damaged considerably the church and + | | |_convento_ at Calapan, these being the + | | |only masonry buildings in the town. It was + | | |repeated with great intensity at 23h 52m + | | |of the same day and at 0h 3m of the 17th. + | | |On the 14th more than 40 aftershocks of + | | |variable intensity were counted. + | | | +164 |1895 VI 7 21 56 | VII |Northern Mindoro. Very violent earthquake + | | |which ruined part of the church at Calapan. + | | |Severe repetitions occurred at 4h 0m and + | | |6h 26m of the 8th. + | | | +165 |1896 IX 13 12 58 | VII |Northwestern Luzon. Very violent + | | |earthquake which damaged several buildings + | | |in Laoag and other towns of Ilocos Norte. + | | |Strong repetitions at 16h 45m and 17h 10m. + | | | +166 |1897 I 18 2 35 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the Mountain + | | |Province and the Provinces of Isabela and + | | |Cagayan. Numerous aftershocks followed + | | |during the day. + | | | +167 |1897 II 16 5 4 | VII |Agusan River Valley. Violent earthquake + | | |with daily aftershocks during the rest of + | | |the month. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +168 |1897 IV 8 21 20 |VIII |Agusan River Valley. Destructive + | | |earthquake. + | | | +169 |1897 V 13 19 22 |VIII |Masbate Island. Destructive earthquake + | | |which heavily damaged several buildings, + | | |bridges, and wharves. A strong repetition + | | |occurred at 14h 9m of the 15th. Weak + | | |aftershocks were frequent until the 27th. + | | | +170 |1897 VIII 15 20 17 |VIII |Ilocos Sur. Destructive earthquake with + | | |epicentric area of 50 kilometers in length + | | |and 20 kilometers in width. The towns + | | |which suffered most were those between + | | |Candon and Vigan. + | | | +171 |1897 IX 21 3 10 | VII |Very violent earthquake in northwestern + | | |Mindanao. It produced fissures in the + | | |ground and slightly injured buildings in + | | |the district of Dapitan. More than 36 + | | |aftershocks of varying intensity were + | | |recorded during the next 10 hours. + | | | +172 |1897 IX 21 13 15 | IX |Disastrous earthquake in the district of + | | |Zamboanga, Basilan, and Jolo Islands. It + | | |wrought great destruction of buildings and + | | |produced fissures, landslides, and similar + | | |effects. A formidable "tsunami" (tidal + | | |wave) claimed hundreds of victims on the + | | |western shores of Basilan. This "tsunami" + | | |was the most imposing recorded in the + | | |seismological history of the Archipelago. + | | |There followed innumerable aftershocks + | | |during 18 months, 200 having been counted + | | |before the middle of October, of which + | | |those on September 22, 23, 24, 26, and 29, + | | |and October 12 and 15 deserve special + | | |mention on account of their great + | | |intensity. + | | | +173 |1897 X 8 5 0 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the district of + | | |Davao. + | | | +174 |1897 X 19 8 5 | IX |Northern Samar. Destructive earthquake + | | |which damaged to a considerable extent + | | |buildings in Sulat, Palapag, Catubic, + | | |Oras, Gandara, and Laoang, towns near the + | | |northern and northeastern coasts of the + | | |island, and also produced vast fissures + | | |and other notable effects which resulted + | | |in the destruction of various bridges and + | | |roads. + | | | +175 |1897 X 19 15 15 |VIII |Northern Samar. Most violent earthquake, + | | |with results similar to those of the + | | |preceding, though less severe. Countless + | | |aftershocks continued until the following + | | |April, those of October 19, 20, and 21 + | | |being the strongest. + | | | +176 |1897 XI 14 8 59 | VII |Very violent earthquake, but of very + | | |limited epicentral area, in Ilocos Sur, + | | |northwestern Luzon. It wrecked the church + | | |at Candon. + | | | +177 |1898 I 30 19 15 | VII |Sulu Archipelago. Violent earthquake, + | | |preceded by two of less severity at + | | |18h 10m and 18h 36m. + | | | +178 |1899 XII 26 4 20 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the Agusan River + | | |Valley. + | | | +179 |1900 VIII 14 4 14 | VI |Very strong earthquake in Masbate and + | | |northern Cebu. + | | | +180 |1901 IX 10 8 30 | VII |Very violent earthquake in eastern + | | |Tayabas; damaged the church of Calauag and + | | |other towns on the eastern shores of Lamon + | | |Bay. Large fissures opened on the beach + | | |and the water became very turbid; dead + | | |fishes were likewise found. + | | | +181 |1901 XII 15 6 58 | VII |Very violent earthquake in southern Luzon. + | | |Some towns in Batangas Province suffered + | | |slight damage. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +182 |1902 VII 12 21 47 | VI |Northeastern Mindanao. Very strong + | | |earthquake with epicenter in Butuan Bay. + | | |Two repetitions, which occurred on the + | | |13th, showed little intensity. + | | | +183 |1902 VIII 21 19 17 | X |Southwestern Mindanao. Destructive + | | |earthquake in the Lanao and Cotabato + | | |districts. It proceeded from the center + | | |which lies in the northern part of Illana + | | |Bay, and caused heavy damage to all the + | | |buildings in the towns and in the Moro + | | |villages and strongholds within the + | | |meizoseismal region. The effects were + | | |extraordinary on land as well as within + | | |the bay; in the latter the telegraph + | | |cables were found broken and buried by + | | |debris. It is assumed as certain that + | | |there were many lives lost in the Moro + | | |forts, but their number is not known. The + | | |aftershocks were so frequent that some 400 + | | |could be counted within the first 8 days + | | |after the disaster, some 10 or 12 of these + | | |reaching force VI and VII. + | | | +184 | 1902 VIII 26 1 9 | IX |Province of Iloilo, Panay. Destructive + | | |earthquake which seriously damaged the + | | |churches and other buildings in the towns + | | |of Maasin, Calinog, and Janiuay. Many + | | |fissures opened in the mountains and + | | |extensive subsidences took place. The + | | |disturbance was preceded by an + | | |extraordinary noise, which was audible at + | | |great distances from the epicentral + | | |region. The reports do not mention a + | | |single aftershock. + | | | +185 |1902 XI 17 8 38 | VII |Southwestern Luzon. Very violent + | | |earthquake in the Provinces of Batangas, + | | |Cavite, Bataan and Zambales. The effects + | | |were confined to slight damages to several + | | |buildings in Batangas, Taal, and other + | | |towns south and west of Taal Volcano. The + | | |epicenter was near the coasts of + | | |southwestern Luzon, where intense + | | |subterranean noises were heard. The 7 + | | |aftershocks which have been recorded were + | | |of little intensity. + | | | +186 |1903 V 24 6 11 | VI |Southeastern Mindanao. Very intense + | | |earthquake, having its center to the + | | |northwest of Davao Gulf. The shock was + | | |perceptible throughout the island. + | | | +187 |1903 XII 28 10 56 |VIII |Destructive earthquake in the region east + | | |of Davao Gulf which damaged many houses in + | | |Mati, Caraga, Sigaboy, etc. Large fissures + | | |opened and several displacements occurred + | | |in the limestone layers of the Pacific + | | |coast near Caraga. A few aftershocks were + | | |felt on the 29th and 30th. + | | | +188 |1904 X 1 18 16 | VII |Very violent earthquake in the southern + | | |part of the Agusan River Valley. + | | | +189 |1904 X 9 2 39 | VII |Northern Luzon. Very violent earthquake + | | |whose epicenter lay in the northern part + | | |of the Mountain Province. Slight damage + | | |was done in several towns of Ilocos Norte + | | |and Cagayan, situated near the Central + | | |Cordillera. + | | | +190 |1905 XII 8 16 22 | VII |Very violent earthquake in southeastern + | | |Luzon and the eastern Visayas. Its + | | |epicenter lay underneath the sea, to + | | |the south of Masbate Island. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +191 |1905 XII 11 2 12 |VIII |Agusan River Valley. Destructive + | | |earthquake, which left its history written + | | |on the topography of the region, but made + | | |little impression upon the buildings, as + | | |these were of bamboo and palm leaves. The + | | |shock was well felt throughout Mindanao + | | |and the eastern Visayas. + | | | +192 |1906 VI 19 19 23 | VI |Batanes Islands. Violent earthquake + | | |accompanied by subterranean noises. It + | | |proceeded from a center situated south of + | | |Balintang Channel, and showed likewise + | | |considerable intensity in northern Luzon. + | | |The 20th and 21st witnessed many + | | |aftershocks. + | | | +193 |1907 IV 19 5 0 | IX |Camarines Province. Destructive earthquake + | | |which, within an area of 200 kilometers + | | |in length and 60 in width, wrecked many + | | |masonry buildings, produced great + | | |fissures in the ground and landslides in + | | |the mountains. Only two cases of death + | | |and a few of injuries received have been + | | |recorded. + | | | +194 |1907 IV 19 7 53 | VII |Very violent earthquake in the same region + | | |as the preceding. It completed the ruin of + | | |some buildings weakened by its + | | |predecessor. These two earthquakes were + | | |followed by numerous aftershocks of + | | |varying intensity until the month of July. + | | | +195 |1907 V 20 15 49 |VIII |Southern Leyte. Very violent earthquake + | | |with a very intense repetition at 16h + | | |3m. The meizoseismic area had a diameter + | | |of only 10 kilometers, determined by an + | | |extinct volcano, Mount Cabalian, which is + | | |situated in this part of the island. From + | | |May 17 to 25 some 60 earthquakes of + | | |various intensities were felt. No enhanced + | | |activity was observed in the volcano, but + | | |many fissures and great landslides were + | | |produced on its slopes. + | | | +196 |1907 V 25 23 52 |VIII |Northern Luzon. Very violent earthquake + | | |whose center was in the northern part of + | | |the Central Cordillera (Mountain + | | |Province). It did considerable damage in + | | |the Provinces of Ilocos Norte and Cagayan. + | | |The central part of the epicentral region, + | | |where the effects must have been more + | | |severe, is inhabited exclusively by wild + | | |tribes. No aftershocks have been recorded. + | | | +197 |1907 XI 24 21 59 | IX |Camarines Province. Destructive earthquake + | | |which ruined nearly all the masonry + | | |buildings of the towns within an area of + | | |some 30 kilometers in length and 20 in + | | |width. Within this small region, composed + | | |of recent alluvial soil and traversed by + | | |the Quinali River, a great number of + | | |fissures opened and various subsidences + | | |took place. + | | | +198 |1908 I 21 4 5 | VI |Western Leyte. Very strong earthquake + | | |proceeding from a submarine center not + | | |far from Ormoc Bay. It was followed by + | | |two very intense aftershocks at 4h 30m and + | | |7h 57m and many of less severity until + | | |the 23d. + | | | +199 |1908 III 5 10 20 | VI |Agusan River Valley. Very strong + | | |earthquake. + | | | +200 |1908 V 14 21 18 | VI |Very strong earthquake in western + | | |Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | +201 |1909 II 7 0 1 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the region + | | |south of Butuan Bay. Its epicentral area + | | |was very small, comprising only Butuan + | | |and the towns close to the mouth of the + | | |Agusan River. + | | | +202 |1909 III 18 16 30 |VIII |Eastern Mindanao. Very violent earthquake + | | |whose epicenter stretched in a narrow + | | |belt along parallel 8 deg. 12' latitude north + | | |from the Agusan River to the Pacific + | | |coast. It did severe damage to the church + | | |and _convento_ of Bislig and in some + | | |neighboring towns. + | | | +203 |1909 IV 14 6 37 | VI |Very strong earthquake in the extreme + | | |southeast of Luzon, having its center + | | |underneath the sea to the south of + | | |Catanduanes Island. + | | | + + + + +APPENDIX. + +EARTHQUAKES IN THE MARIANAS ISLANDS. + + +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 1 |1825 IV -- -- -- |VIII |Destructive earthquake in the Marinas or + | | |Ladrones group of islands. Ruined many + | | |buildings at Agana, Guam Island. + | | | + 2 |1834 V -- -- -- |VIII |Destructive earthquake on Guam Island. + | | |Considerable havoc and great panic at + | | |Agana and in the other towns of the + | | |island. + | | | + 3 |1849 I 25 14 56 | IX |Destructive earthquake. Laid in ruins all + | | |the masonry buildings on the islands--the + | | |church, _convento_, and college at Agana, + | | |the churches at Umata, Pago, and Agat, + | | |together with a great number of houses. + | | |Immense fissures opened in many places, + | | |and an extraordinary commotion of short + | | |duration was observed in the sea. There + | | |followed countless aftershocks, some of + | | |them very intense; from January 25 to + | | |March 11 no fewer than 150 were actually + | | |counted. + | | | + 4 |1862 VII 1 7 48 | VII |Violent earthquake. Did great damage to + | | |the tile roofs at Agana and in other towns + | | |on the Island of Guam. + | | | + 5 |1863 XII 7 3 -- | VI |Guam. Violent earthquake causing great + | | |alarm but little harm. + | | | + 6 |1866 VI 24 13 -- | VI |Guam. Very strong earthquake. + | | | + 7 |1870 V 13 15 27 | VI |Guam. Two very strong shocks at an + | | |interval of 10 seconds. The fact that they + | | |did no damage has been attributed to the + | | |absence of horizontal movements. + | | | + 8 |1892 V 16 21 10 |VIII |Destructive earthquake which severely + | | |damaged the masonry buildings in Agana and + | | |other towns, produced many fissures and + | | |displacements on the coasts and in other + | | |places. The sea retired suddenly, but no + | | |devastating alternations of floods and + | | |ebbs followed. The few aftershocks which + | | |occurred during the two following days + | | |were feeble. + | | | + 9 |1902 IX 22 11 15 | IX |Destructive earthquake which wrecked or + | | |damaged very seriously all the buildings + | | |at Agana, Guam. Great fissures opened in + | | |the ground and displacements occurred + | | |which resulted in the destruction of + | | |several bridges. Similar effects are + | | |reported from Saipan Island. Personal + | | |accidents were limited to a few injured. + | | |Aftershocks were very numerous during the + | | |first days after the earthquake. + | | | + 10 |1902 XII 24 7 15 | VI |Very strong earthquake lasting over a + | | |minute. At this time the aftershocks of + | | |the earthquake of September 22 were still + | | |continuing. + | | | + 11 |1903 II 10 12 39 | VII |Guam. Violent earthquake which damaged to + | | |some extent the government house at Agana. + | | |Two distinct series of shocks were + | | |observed, having a total duration of more + | | |than a minute. + | | | +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ +No. | Date. |Intensity. + | | | Epicenter and effects. +----+--------------------+-----+------------------------------------------ + | _Y. M. d. h. m._ | | + 12 |1909 XII 10 9 0 |VIII |Guam. Destructive earthquake. Two shocks + | | |lasting 20 seconds, of which the second + | | |was the more severe. Direction of the + | | |shocks SE-NW. In Agana practically all the + | | |east and west walls of native mortar + | | |houses were badly cracked. In nearly every + | | |house articles on shelves of these walls + | | |were thrown down, while those on the north + | | |and south sides remained in place. The + | | |women's hospital, built of local mortar, + | | |was so badly injured as to require tearing + | | |down; its tiled roof slid off to westward + | | |and the worst cracks were in the east + | | |wall. Many ceiling boards in different + | | |houses were shaken down. Several fissures + | | |opened in the ground, from one of which, + | | |near the river, came a large flow of + | | |water. The river bed sank in several + | | |places. The passing wave could be seen + | | |distinctly as it crossed the plaza, and + | | |the station ship in the harbor reported + | | |having felt the shock. No damage of + | | |importance was done in the other towns on + | | |the island. The buildings of the cable + | | |station at Sumay, constructed of + | | |reinforced concrete, were not injured, but + | | |a few objects were thrown down and the + | | |steel water towers could be seen swaying. + | | |No shocks were noticed before or after the + | | |earthquake, nor was anything extraordinary + | | |observed in the sea. The disturbance was + | | |not felt at Yap, Western Carolines. No + | | |information from the other islands. + | | | + +[Illustration: (Map of the Philippine Islands)] + +[Illustration: EARTHQUAKE MAP OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1599-1909] + + * * * * * + + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Typographical errors corrected in text: | + | | + | Page 10: neihgboring replaced with neighboring | + | Page 10: Iloilo replaced with Iloilo | + | Page 11: Iloilo replaced with Iloilo | + | Page 21: damage replaced with damaged | + | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------+ + + * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Catalogue of Violent and Destructive +Earthquakes in the Philippines, by Miguel Saderra Maso + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGUE OF VIOLENT AND *** + +***** This file should be named 18556.txt or 18556.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/5/5/18556/ + +Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Jeannie Howse, David +Garcia and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was made using scans of +public domain works from the University of Michigan Digital +Libraries) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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