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diff --git a/old/files/LatinBegin2.html b/old/files/LatinBegin2.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb1e784 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/files/LatinBegin2.html @@ -0,0 +1,25288 @@ + +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<title>Latin for Beginners (Reference)</title> +<meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + +<link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "latinstyles.css"> + +</head> + +<body> + +<table> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +<td class = "number smaller">PAGE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "../index.html#pagev">Preface</a> +</div> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "../index.html#display">Display Problems</a></div> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#page5">Pronunciation</a></div> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#page12">Lessons I-LX: +Words and Forms</a></div> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#page148">Lessons LXI-LXXIX: +Constructions</a></div> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan = "3"> +<h5>READING MATTER</h5> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><p class = "hanging smallcaps"> +Introductory Suggestions +</p></td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page194">194-195</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><p class = "hanging smallcaps"> +The Labors of Hercules +</p></td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page197">196-203</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><p class = "hanging smallcaps"> +P. Cornelius Lentulus: The Story of a Roman Boy +</p></td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page204">204-215</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "3"> +<h5>APPENDIXES AND VOCABULARIES</h5> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><p class = "hanging smallcaps"> +Appendix I. Tables of Declensions, Conjugations, Numerals, etc. +</p></td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page226">226-260</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "2"> +Appendix II. Rules of Syntax</td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page261">261-264</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "2"> +Appendix III. Reviews</td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page265">265-282</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "2"> +Special Vocabularies</td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page283">283-298</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "2"> +Latin-English Vocabulary</td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page299">299-331</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "2"> +English-Latin Vocabulary</td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page332">332-343</a> +<br><br> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +INDEX +</td> +<td class = "number"> +<a class = "page" href = "#page344">344-348</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<span class = "pagenum">194</span> +<a name = "page194"> </a> +<h4 class = "chapter"><a name = "readings">READING MATTER</a></h4> + +<h5>INTRODUCTORY SUGGESTIONS</h5> + +<p><b>How to Translate.</b> You have already had considerable practice +in translating simple Latin, and have learned that the guide to the +meaning lies in the endings of the words. If these are neglected, no +skill can make sense of the Latin. If they are carefully noted and +accurately translated, not many difficulties remain. Observe the +following suggestions:</p> + +<p>1. Read the Latin sentence through to the end, noting endings of +nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.</p> + +<p>2. Read it again and see if any of the words you know are nominatives +or accusatives. This will often give you what may be called the backbone +of the sentence; that is, subject, verb, and object.</p> + +<p>3. Look up the words you do not know, and determine their use in the +sentence from their endings.</p> + +<p>4. If you cannot yet translate the sentence, put down the English +meanings of all the words <i>in the same order as the Latin words</i>. +You will then generally see through the meaning of the sentence.</p> + +<p>5. Be careful to</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>a.</i> Translate adjectives with the nouns to which they belong.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>b.</i> Translate together prepositions and the nouns which they +govern.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>c.</i> Translate adverbs with the words that they modify.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>d.</i> <i>Make sense.</i> If you do not make sense, you have made a +mistake. One mistake will spoil a whole sentence.</p> + +<p>6. When the sentence is correctly translated, read the Latin over +again, and try to understand it as Latin, without thinking of the +English translation.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "pagenum">195</span> +<a name = "page195"> </a> +<b>The Parts of a Sentence.</b> You will now meet somewhat longer +sentences than you have had before. To assist in translating them, +remember, first of all, that every sentence conveys a meaning and either +tells us something, asks a question, or gives a command. Every sentence +must have a subject and a verb, and the verb may always have an adverb, +and, if transitive, will have a direct object.</p> + +<p> +However long a sentence is, you will usually be able to recognize its +subject, verb, and object or predicate complement without any +difficulty. These will give you the leading thought, and they must never +be lost sight of while making out the rest of the sentence. The chief +difficulty in translating arises from the fact that instead of a single +adjective, adverb, or noun, we often have a phrase or a clause taking +the place of one of these; for Latin, like English, has adjective, +adverbial, and substantive clauses and phrases. For example, in the +sentence <i>The idle boy does not study</i>, the word <i>idle</i> is an +adjective. In <i>The boy wasting his time does not study</i>, the words +<i>wasting his time</i> form an adjective phrase modifying <i>boy</i>. +In the sentence <i>The boy who wastes his time does not study</i>, the +words <i>who wastes his time</i> form an adjective clause modifying +<i>boy</i>, and the sentence is complex. These sentences would show the +same structure in Latin.</p> + +<p> +In translating, it is important to keep the parts of a phrase and the +parts of a clause together and not let them become confused with the +principal sentence. To distinguish between the subordinate clauses and +the principal sentence is of the first importance, and is not difficult +if you remember that a clause regularly contains a word that marks it as +a clause and that this word usually stands first. These words join +clauses to the words they depend on, and are called <i>subordinate +conjunctions</i>. They are not very numerous, and you will soon learn to +recognize them. In Latin they are the equivalents for such words as +<i>when, while, since, because, if, before, after, though, in order +that, that</i>, etc. Form the habit of memorizing the Latin subordinate +conjunctions as you meet them, and of noting carefully the mood of the +verb in the clauses which they introduce.</p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<span class = "pagenum">196</span> +<a name = "page196"> </a> +<img src = "../images/pic196.png" width = "224" height = "494" +alt = "statue of Hercules"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +HERCULES</span></p> + +<hr class = "mid"> + +<span class = "pagenum">197</span> +<a name = "page197"> </a> +<h5 class = "section">THE LABORS OF HERCULES</h5> + +<p class = "note"> +Hercules, a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pursued +throughout his life by the hatred of Juno. While yet an infant he +strangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him. During his +boyhood and youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength, and +on reaching manhood he succeeded in delivering the Thebans from the +oppression of the Minyæ. In a fit of madness, sent upon him by Juno, he +slew his own children; and, on consulting the Delphic oracle as to how +he should cleanse himself from this crime, he was ordered to submit +himself for twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform +whatever tasks were appointed him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and +during the twelve years of his servitude accomplished twelve +extraordinary feats known as the Labors of Hercules. His death was +caused, unintentionally, by his wife Deiani´ra. Hercules had shot with +his poisoned arrows a centaur named Nessus, who had insulted Deianira. +Nessus, before he died, gave some of his blood to Deianira, and told her +it would act as a charm to secure her husband’s love. Some time after, +Deianira, wishing to try the charm, soaked one of her husband’s garments +in the blood, not knowing that it was poisoned. Hercules put on the +robe, and, after suffering terrible torments, died, or was carried off +by his father Jupiter.</p> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LIII" +href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIII">LIII</a>.<span class = +"tag">1</span> +THE INFANT HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS</h6> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic197.png" width = "172" height = "254" +alt = "infant Hercules fighting two serpents"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +HERCULES ET SERPENTES</span></p> + +<p> +Dī<span class = "tag">2</span> grave supplicium sūmmit de malīs, sed iī +quī lēgibus<span class = "tag">3</span> deōrum pārent, etiam post mortem +cūrantur. Illa vīta dīs<span class = "tag">2</span> erat grātissima quae +hominibus miserīs ūtilissima fuerat. Omnium autem praemiōrum summum erat +immortālitās. Illud praemium Herculī datum est.</p> + +<p> +Herculis pater fuit Iuppiter, māter Alcmēna, et omnium hominum +validissimus fuisse dīcitur. Sed Iūnō, rēgīna deōrum, eum, adhūc +<span class = "pagenum">198</span> +<a name = "page198"> </a> +īnfantem, interficere studēbat; nam eī<span class = "tag">4</span> +et<span class = "tag">5</span> Herculēs et Alcmēna erant invīsī. Itaque +mīsit duās serpentīs, utramque saevissimam, quae mediā nocte domum<span +class = "tag">6</span> Alcmēnae vēnērunt. Ibi Herculēs, cum frātre suō, +nōn in lectulō sed in scūtō ingentī dormiēbat. Iam audācēs serpentēs +adpropinquāverant, iam scūtum movēbant. Tum frāter, terrōre commōtus, +magnā vōce mātrem vocāvit, sed Herculēs ipse, fortior quam frāter, +statim ingentīs serpentīs manibus suīs rapuit et interfēcit.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. This number refers to the lesson after which the selection may be +read.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>Dī</b> and <b>dīs</b> are from <b>deus</b>. Cf. <a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>lēgibus</b>, <a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501. 14</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>eī</b>, <i>to her</i>, referring to Juno.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>et ... et</b>, <i>both ... and</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>domum</b>, <a href = "#sec501_20">§ 501. 20</a>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LIV" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIV">LIV.</a> +HERCULES CONQUERS THE MINYÆ</h6> + +<p> +Herculēs ā puerō<span class = "tag">1</span> corpus suum gravissimīs et +difficillimīs labōribus exercēbat et hōc modō vīrēs<span class = +"tag">2</span> suās cōnfirmāvit. Iam adulēscēns Thēbīs<span class = +"tag">3</span> habitābat. Ibi Creōn quīdam erat rēx. Minyae, gēns +validissima, erant fīnitimī Thēbānīs, et, quia ōlim Thēbānōs vīcerant, +quotannīs lēgātōs mittēbant et vectīgal postulābant. Herculēs autem +cōnstituit cīvīs suōs hōc vectīgālī līberāre et dixit rēgī, “Dā mihi +exercitum tuum et ego hōs superbōs hostīs superābō.” Hanc condiciōnem +rēx nōn recūsāvit, et Herculēs nūntiōs in omnīs partis dīmīsit et cōpiās +coēgit.<span class = "tag">4</span> Tum tempore opportūnissimō proelium +cum Minyīs commīsit. Diū pugnātum est, sed dēnique illī impetum +Thēbānōrum sustinēre nōn potuērunt et terga vertērunt fugamque +cēpērunt.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>ā puerō</b>, <i>from boyhood</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>virēs</b>, from <b>vīs</b>. Cf. +<a href = "#sec468">§ 468</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>Thēbīs</b>, +<a href = "#sec501_36">§ 501. 36. 1</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>coēgit</b>, from <b>cōgō</b>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap">HE COMMITS A CRIME AND GOES TO THE DELPHIAN ORACLE +TO SEEK EXPIATION</h6> + +<p> +Post hoc proelium Creōn rēx, tantā victōriā laetus, fīliam suam Herculī +in mātrimōnium dedit. Thēbīs Herculēs cum uxōre suā diū vīvēbat et ab +omnibus magnopere amābātur; sed post multōs annōs subitō <span class = +"tag">1</span>in furōrem incidit et ipse suā manū līberōs suōs +interfēcit. Post breve tempus <span class = "tag">2</span>ad sānitātem +reductus tantum scelus expiāre cupiēbat et cōnstituit ad ōrāculum +Delphicum iter facere. Hoc autem ōrāculum erat omnium clārissimum. Ibi +sedēbat fēmina quaedam quae Pȳthia appellābātur. Ea cōnsilium dabat iīs +quī ad ōrāculum veniēbant.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>in furōrem incidit</b>, <i>went mad</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>ad sānitātem reductus</b>, lit. <i>led back to sanity</i>. What in +good English?</div> + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<span class = "pagenum">199</span> +<a name = "page199"> </a> +<img src = "../images/pic199.png" width = "419" height = "273" +alt = "Hercules fights the Nemean lion"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +HERCULES LEONEM SUPERAT</span></p> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LV" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LV">LV.</a> +HERCULES BECOMES SUBJECT TO EURYSTHEUS<span class = "tag">1</span> · +HE STRANGLES THE NEME´AN LION</h6> + +<p> +Itaque Herculēs Pȳthiae tōtam rem dēmonstrāvit nec scelus suum abdidit. +Ubi iam Herculēs fīnem fēcit, Pȳthia iussit eum ad urbem Tīryntha<span +class = "tag">2</span> discēdere et ibi rēgī Eurystheō sēsē committere. +Quae<span class = "tag">3</span> ubi audīvit, Herculēs ad illam urbem +statim contendit et Eurystheō sē in servitūtem trādidit et dīxit, “Quid +prīmum, Ō rēx, mē facere iubēs?” Eurystheus, quī perterrēbātur vī et +corpore ingentī Herculis et eum occidī<span class = "tag">4</span> +studēbat, ita respondit: “Audī, Herculēs! Multa mira<span class = +"tag">5</span> nārrantur dē leōne saevissimō quī hōc tempore in valle +Nemaeā omnia vāstat. Iubeō tē, virōrum omnium fortissimum, illō mōnstrō +hominēs līberāre.” Haec verba Herculī maximē placuērunt. “Properābo,” +inquit, +<span class = "pagenum">200</span> +<a name = "page200"> </a> +“et parēbō imperiō<span class = "tag">6</span> tuō.” Tum in silvās in +quibus leō habitābat statim iter fēcit. Mox feram vīdit et plūrīs +impetūs fēcit; frūstrā tamen, quod neque sagittīs neque ūllō aliō tēlō +mōnstrum vulnerāre potuit. Dēnique Herculēs saevum leōnem suīs +ingentibus bracchiīs rapuit et faucīs eius omnibus vīribus compressit. +Hōc modō brevī tempore eum interfēcit. Tum corpus leōnis ad oppidum in +umerīs reportāvit et pellem posteā prō<span class = "tag">7</span> veste +gerēbat. Omnēs autem quō eam regiōnem incolēbant, ubi fāmam dē morte +leōnis ingentis accēpērunt, erant laetissimī et Herculem laudābant +verbīs amplissimīs.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>Eu-rys´theus</b> (pronounced <i>U-ris´thūs</i>) was king of +<i>Tī´ryns</i>, a Grecian city, whose foundation goes back to +prehistoric times.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>Tīryntha</b>, the acc. case of <b>Tīryns</b>, a Greek noun.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>Quae</b>, obj. of <b>audīvit</b>. It is placed first to make a +close connection with the preceding sentence. This is called a +connecting relative.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>occīdī</b>, pres. pass. infin.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>mīra</b>, <i>marvelous things</i>, the adj. being used as a noun. +Cf. <b>omnia</b>, in the next line.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>imperiō</b>, <a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501. 14</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>prō</b>, <i>for, instead of</i>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LVI" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LVI">LVI.</a> +SLAYING THE LERNE´AN HYDRA</h6> + +<p> +Deinde Herculēs ab Eurystheō iussus est Hydram occīdere. Itaque cum +amīcō Iolāō<span class = "tag">1</span> contendit ad palūdem Lernaeam +ubi Hydra incolēbat. Hoc autem mōnstrum erat serpēns ingēns quae novem +capita habēbat. Mox is mōnstrum repperit et summō<span class = +"tag">2</span> cum perīculō collum eius sinistrā manū rapuit et tenuit. +Tum dextrā manū capita novem abscīdere incēpit, sed frūstrā labōrābat, +quod quotiēns hoc fēcerat totiēns alia nova capita vidēbat. Quod<span +class = "tag">3</span> ubi vīdit, statuit capita ignī cremāre. Hōc modō +octō capita dēlēvit, sed extrēmum caput vulnerārī nōn potuit, quod erat +immortāle. Itaque illud sub ingentī saxō Herculēs posuit et ita +victōriam reportāvit.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>Iolāō</b>, abl. of <i>I-o-lā´us</i>, the hero’s best friend.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. Note the emphatic position of this adjective.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>Quod ubi</b>, <i>when he saw this</i>, another instance of the +connecting relative. Cf. <ins class = "explanation" title = +"‘quae ubi audivit’">p. 199, l. 3.</ins></div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LVII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LVII">LVII.</a> +THE ARCADIAN STAG AND THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR</h6> + +<p> +Postquam Eurystheō mors Hydrae nuntiata est, summus terror animum eius +occupavit. Itaque iussit Herculem capere et ad sē reportāre cervum +quendam; nam minimē cupīvit tantum virum in rēgnō suō tenēre. Hie autem +cervus dīcēbātur aurea cornua et pedēs multō<span class = "tag">1</span> +celeriōrēs ventō<span class = "tag">2</span> habēre. Prīmum Herculēs +vestīgia animālis petīvit, deinde, ubi cervum ipsum vīdit, omnibus +vīribus currere incēpit. Per plūrimōs diēs contendit nec noctū cessāvit. +Dēnique postquam per +<span class = "pagenum">201</span> +<a name = "page201"> </a> +tōtum annum cucurrerat—ita dīcitur—cervum iam dēfessum cēpit +et ad Eurystheum portāvit.</p> + +<p> +Tum vērō iussus est Herculēs aprum quendam capere quī illō tempore agrōs +Erymanthiōs vāstābat et hominēs illīus locī magnopere perterrēbat. +Herculēs laetē negōtium suscēpit et in Arcadiam celeriter sē recēpit. +Ibi mox aprum repperit. Ille autem; simul atque Herculem vīdit, statim +quam<span class = "tag">3</span> celerrimē fūgit et metū perterritus in +fossam altam sēsē abdidit. Herculēs tamen summā cum difficultāte eum +extrāxit, nec aper ūllō modō sēsē līberāre potuit, et vīvus ad +Eurystheum portātus est.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>multō</b>, <a href = "#sec501_27">§ 501. 27</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>ventō</b>, <a href = "#sec501_34">§ 501. 34</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>quam</b>. What is the force of <b>quam</b> with a +superlative?</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LVIII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LVIII">LVIII.</a> +HERCULES CLEANS THE AUGE´AN STABLES AND KILLS THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS</h6> + +<p> +Deinde Eurystheus Herculī hunc labōrem multō graviōrem imperāvit. +Augēās<span class = "tag">1</span> quīdam, quī illō tempore rēgnum +Ēlidis<span class = "tag">2</span> obtinēbat, tria mīlia boum<span class += "tag">3</span> habēbat. Hī<span class = "tag">4</span> ingentī stabulō +continēbantur. Hoc stabulum, quod per trīgintā annōs nōn pūrgātum erat, +Herculēs intrā spatium ūnīus diēī pūrgāre iussus est. llle negōtium +alacriter suscēpit, et prīmum labōre gravissimō maximam fossam fōdit per +quam flūminis aquam dē montibus ad mūrum stabulī dūxit. Tum partem +parvam mūrī dēlēvit et aquam in stabulum immīsit. Hōc modō fīnm operis +fēcit ūnō diē facillimē.</p> + +<p> +Post paucōs diēs Herculēs ad oppidum Stymphālum iter fēcit; nam +Eurystheus iusserat eum avis Stymphālidēs occīdere. Hae avēs rōstra +ferrea habēbant et hominēs miserōs dēvorābant. Ille, postquam ad locum +pervēnit, lacum vīdit in quō avēs incolēbant. Nūllō tamen modō Herculēs +avibus adpropinquāre potuit; lacus enim nōn ex aquā sed ē līmō +cōnstitit.<span class = "tag">5</span> Dēnique autem avēs <span class = +"tag">6</span>dē aliquā causā perterritae in aurās volāvērunt et magna +pars eārum sagittīs Herculis occīsa est.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>Augēās</b>, pronounced in English <i>Aw-jē´as</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>Ēlidis</b>, gen. case of <b>Ēlis</b>, a district of Greece.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>boum</b>, gen. plur. of <b>bōs</b>. For construction see +<a href = "#sec501_11">§ 501. 11</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>ingentī stabulō</b>, abl. of means, but in our idiom we should say +<i>in a huge stable</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>cōnstitit</b>, from <b>consto</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>dē aliquā causā perterritae</b>, <i>frightened for some +reason</i>.</div> + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<span class = "pagenum">202</span> +<a name = "page202"> </a> +<img src = "../images/pic202.png" width = "275" height = "270" +alt = "Hercules and the Cretan bull"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +HERCULES ET TAURUS</span></p> + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LIX" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIX">LIX.</a> +HERCULES CAPTURES THE CRETAN BULL AND CARRIES HIM LIVING TO +EURYSTHEUS</h6> + +<p> +Tum Eurystheus iussit Herculem portāre vīvum ex īnsulā Crētā taurum +quendam saevissimum. Ille igitur nāvem cōnscendit—nam ventus erat +idōneus—atque statim solvit. Postquam trīduum nāvigavit, incolumis +īnsulae adpropinquāvit. Deinde, postquam omnia parāta sunt, contendit ad +eam regiōnem quam taurus vexābat. Mox taurum vīdit ac sine ūllō metū +cornua eius corripuit. Tum ingentī labōre mōnstrum ad nāvem trāxit atque +cum hāc praedā ex īnsulā discessit.</p> + + +<h6 class = "subchap">THE FLESH-EATING HORSES OF DIOME´DES</h6> + +<p> +Postquam ex īnsulā Crētā domum pervēnit, Hercules ab Eurystheō in +Thrāciam missus est. Ibi Diomēdēs quīdam, vir saevissimus, rēgnum +obtinēbat et omnīs ā fīnibus suīs prohibēbat. Herculēs iussus erat equōs +Diomedis rapere et ad Eurystheum dūcere. Hī autem equī hominēs +miserrimōs dēvorābant dē quibus rēx supplicium sūmere cupiēbat. Herculēs +ubi pervēnit, prīmum equōs ā rēge postulāvit, sed rēx eōs dēdere +recūsāvit. Deinde ille īrā commōtus rēgem occīdit et corpus eius equīs +trādidit. Itaque is quī anteā multōs necāverat, ipse eōdem suppliciō +necātus est. Et equī, nūper saevissima animālia, postquam dominī suī +corpus dēvorāvērunt, mānsuētī erant.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">203</span> +<a name = "page203"> </a> +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LX" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LX">LX.</a> +THE BELT OF HIPPOL´YTE, QUEEN OF THE AMAZONS</h6> + +<p> +Gēns Amāzonum<span class = "tag">1</span> dīcitur<span class = +"tag">2</span> omnīnō ex mulieribus fuisse. Hae cum virīs proelium +committere nōn verēbantur. Hippolytē, Amāzonum rēgīna, balteum habuit +pulcherrimum. Hunc balteum possidēre fīlia Eurystheī vehementer +cupiēbat. Itaque Eurystheus iussit Herculem impetum in Amāzonēs facere. +Ille multīs cum cōpiīs nāvem cōnscendīt et paucis diēbus in Amāzonum +fīnīs pervēnit, ac balteum postulāvit. Eum trādere ipsa Hipporytē quidem +cupīvit; reliquīs tamen Amazonibus<span class = "tag">3</span> +persuādēre nōn potuit. Postrīdiē Herculēs proelium commīsit. Multās +hōrās utrimque quam fortissimē pugnātum est Dēnique tamen mulieres terga +vertērunt et fugā salūtem petiērunt. Multae autem captae sunt, in quō +numerō erat ipsa Hippolytē. Herculēs postquam balteum accēpit, omnibus +captīvīs lībertātem dedit.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. A fabled tribe of warlike women living in Asia Minor.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>omnīnō</b>, etc., <i>to have consisted entirely of +women.</i></div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>Amāzonibus</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_14">§ 501. 14</a>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap">THE DESCENT TO HADES AND THE DOG CER´BERUS</h6> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic203.png" width = "260" height = "318" +alt = "Hercules and Cerberus"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +HERCULES ET CERBERUS</span></p> + +<p> +Iamque ūnus modo ē duodecim labōribus relinquēbātur sed inter omnīs hic +erat difficillimus. Iussus est enim canem Cerberum<span class = +"tag">4</span> ex Orcō in lūcem trahere. Ex Orcō autem nēmō anteā +reverterat. Praetereā Cerberus erat mōnstrum maximē horribile et tria +capita habēbat. Herculēs postquam imperia Eurystheī accēpit, statim +profectus est et in Orcum dēscendit. Ibi vērō nōn sine summō periculō +Cerberum manibus rapuit et ingentī cum labōre ex Orcō in lūcem et +adurbem Eurystheī trāxit.</p> + +<p> +Sic duodecim laborēs illī<span class = "tag">5</span> intrā duodecim +annōs cōnfectī sunt. Dēmum post longam vītam Herculēs ā deīs receptus +est et Iuppiter fīliō suō dedit immortālitātem.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. The dog Cerberus guarded the gate of Orcus, the abode of the +dead.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>illī</b>, <i>those famous.</i></div> + +<hr class = "mid"> + +<span class = "pagenum">204</span> +<a name = "page204"> </a> +<h5 class = "section">P. CORNELIUS LENTULUS: THE STORY OF A ROMAN +BOY<span class = "tag">1</span></h5> + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXI" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXI">LXI.</a> +PUBLIUS IS BORN NEAR POMPE´II</h6> + +<p> +P. Cornēlius Lentulus,<span class = "tag">2</span> adulēscēns Rōmānus, +amplissimā familiā<span class = "tag">3</span> nātus est; nam pater +eius, Mārcus, erat dux perītissimus, cuius virtūte<span class = +"tag">4</span> et cōnsiliō multae victōriae reportātae erant; atque +mater eius, lūlia, ā clārissimīs maiōribus orta est. Nōn vērō in urbe +sed rūrī<span class = "tag">5</span> Pūblius nātus est, et cum mātre +habitābat in vīllā quae in maris lītore et sub radīcibus magnī montis +sita erat. Mōns autem erat Vesuvius et parva urbs Pompēiī octō +mīlia<span class = "tag">6</span> passuum<span class = "tag">7</span> +aberat. In Italiā antīquā erant plūrimae quidem villae et pulchrae, sed +inter hās omnīs nūlla erat pulchrior quam villa Mārcī Iūliaeque. Frōns +vīllae mūrō a maris fluctibus mūniēbātur. Hinc mare et lītora et īnsulae +longē lātēque cōnspicī<span class = "tag">8</span> ac saepe nāvēs longae +et onerāriae poterant. Ā tergō et ab utrōque latere agrī ferācissimī +patēbant. Undique erat magna variōrum flōrum cōpia et multa ingentium +arborum genera quae aestāte<span class = "tag">9</span> umbram +<span class = "pagenum">205</span> +<a name = "page205"> </a> +dēfessīs agricolīs grātissimam adferēbant. Praetereā erant<span class = +"tag">1</span> in agrīs stabulīsque multa animālium genera, nōn sōlum +equī et bovēs sed etiam rārae avēs. Etiam erat<span class = +"tag">10</span> magna piscīna plēna piscium; nam Rōmānī piscīs +dīligenter colēbant.</p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "../images/pic204.png" width = "351" height = "141" +alt = "Roman boys"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +PUERI ROMANI</span></p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. This story is fiction with certain historical facts in Cæsar’s career +as a setting. However, the events chronicled might have happened, and no +doubt did happen to many a Roman youth.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. A Roman had three names, as, <b>Pūblius</b> (given name), +<b>Cornēlius</b> (name of the <i>gēns</i> or clan), <b>Lentulus</b> +(family name).</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. Abl. of source, which is akin to the abl. of separation (<a href = +"#sec501_32">§ 501. 32</a>).</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>virtūte</b>, <a href = "#sec501_24">§ 501. 24</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>rūrī</b>, +<a href = "#sec501_36">§ 501. 36. 1</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>mīlia</b>, <a href = "#sec501_21">§ 501. 21</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>passuum</b>, <a href = "#sec501_11">§ 501. 11</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>cōnspicī</b>, infin. with poterant, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec215">§ 215</a>. Consult the map of +Italy for the approximate location of the villa.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>aestāte</b>, <a href = "#sec501_35">§ 501. 35</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. How are the forms of <b>sum</b> translated when they precede the +subject?</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXII">LXII.</a> +HIS LIFE ON THE FARM</h6> + +<p> +Huius vīllae Dāvus, servus Mārcī, est vīlicus<span class = +"tag">1</span> et cum Lesbiā uxōre omnia cūrat. Vīlicus et uxor in casā +humilī, mediīs in agrīs sitā, habitant. Ā prīmā lūce ūsque ad vesperum +sē<span class = "tag">2</span> gravibus labōribus exercent ut omnī rēs +bene gerant.<span class = "tag">3</span> Plūrima enim sunt officia Dāvī +et Lesbiae. Vīlicus servōs regit nē tardī sint<span class = +"tag">4</span>; mittit aliōs quī agrōs arent,<span class = +"tag">4</span> aliōs quī hortōs inrigent,<span class = "tag">4</span> et +opera in<span class = "tag">5</span> tōtum diem impōnit. Lesbia autem +omnibus vestīmenta parat, cibum coquit, pānem facit.</p> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic205.png" width = "239" height = "200" +alt = "Roman cottage"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +CASA ROMANA</span></p> + +<p> +Nōn longē ab hōrum casā et in summō colle situm surgēbat domicilium +ipsīus dominī dominaeque amplissimum. Ibi plūrīs annōs<span class = +"tag">6</span> Pūblius cum mātre vītam fēlīcem agēbat; nam pater eius, +Mārcus, in terrīs longinquīs gravia reī pūblicae bella gerēbat nec +domum<span class = "tag">7</span> revertī poterat. Neque puerō quidem +molestum est rūrī<span class = "tag">8</span> vīvere. Eum multae rēs +dēlectant. Magnopere amat silvās, agrōs, equōs, bovēs, gallīnās, avīs, +reliquaque animālia. Saepe plūrīs hōrās<span class = "tag">9</span> ad +mare sedet quō<span class = "tag">9</span> melius fluctūs et nāvīs +spectet. Nec omnīnō sine comitibus erat, quod Lȳdia, Dāvī fīlia, quae +erat eiusdem aetātis, cum eō adhūc infante lūdēbat, inter quōs cum annīs +amīcitia crēscēbat. Lȳdia nūllum alium ducem dēligēbat et Pūblius ab +puellae latere rārō +<span class = "pagenum">206</span> +<a name = "page206"> </a> +discēdēbat. Itaque sub clārō Italiae sōle Pūblius et Lȳdia, amīcī +fidēlissimī, per campōs collīsque cotīdiē vagābantur. Modo in silvā +fīnitimā lūdebant ubi Pūblius sagittīs<span class = "tag">10</span> +celeribus avis dēiciēbat et Lȳdia corōnīs variōrum flōrum comās suās +ōrnābat; modo aquam et cibum portābant ad Dāvum servōsque dēfessōs quī +agrōs colēbant: modo in casā parvā aut hōrās lactās in lūdō cōnsūmēbant +aut auxilium dabant Lesbiae, quae cibum virō et servīs parābat vel aliās +rēs domesticās agēbat.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. The <b>vīlicus</b> was a slave who acted as overseer of a farm. He +directed the farming operations and the sale of the produce.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<a name = "note205_2">2.</a> <b>se</b>, reflexive pron., object of +<b>exercent</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. For the construction, see <a href = +"#sec501_40">§ 501. 40</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>in</b>, <i>for</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>annōs</b>, <a href = "#sec501_21">§ 501. 21</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>domum</b>, <a href = "#sec501_20">§ 501. 20</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>rūrī</b>, +<a href = "#sec501_36">§ 501. 36. 1</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>hōrās</b>, cf. <b>annōs</b>, line 17.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>quō ... spectet</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec349">§§ 349</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec350">350</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>sagittis</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_24">§ 501. 24</a>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXIII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXIII">LXIII.</a> +MARCUS LENTULUS, THE FATHER OF PUBLIUS, IS SHIPWRECKED · JULIA RECEIVES +A LETTER FROM HIM</h6> + +<p> +Iam Pūblius<span class = "tag">1</span> decem annōs habēbat cum M. +Cornēlius Lentulus, pater eius, quī quīnque annōs<span class = +"tag">2</span> grave bellum in Asiā gerēbat, non sine glōriā domum<span +class = "tag">3</span> revertēbātur. Namque multa secunda proelia +fēcerat, maximās hostium cōpiās dēlēverat, multās urbīs populo<span +class = "tag">4</span> Rōmānō inimīcās cēperat. Primum nūntius pervēnit +quī ā Lentulō<span class = "tag">5</span> missus erat<span class = +"tag">6</span> ut profectiōnem suam nūntiāret. Deinde plūrīs diēs<span +class = "tag">7</span> reditum virī optimī māter fīliusque exspectābant +et animīs<span class = "tag">8</span> sollicitis deōs immortālīs frūstrā +colēbant. Tum dēmum hās litterās summo cum gaudiō accēpērunt:</p> + +<p> +<span class = "tag">9</span>“Mārcus Iūliae suac salūtem dīcit. Sī valēs, +bene est; ego valeō. Ex Graeciā, quō<span class = "tag">10</span> +praeter spem et opīniōnem hodiē pervēnī, hās litterās ad tē scribō. +Namque nāvis nostra frācta est; nōs autem—<span class = +"tag">11</span>dīs est gratia—incolumes sumus. Ex Asiae<span class += "tag">12</span> portū nāvem lēnī ventō solvimus. Postquam<span class = +"tag">13</span> altum mare tenuimus <span class = "tag">14</span>nec iam +ūllae terrae appāruērunt, caelum undique et undique fluctūs, subitō +magna tempestās coorta est et nāvem vehementissimē adflīxit. Ventīs +fluctibusque +<span class = "pagenum">207</span> +<a name = "page207"> </a> +adflīctātī<span class = "tag">15</span> nec sōlem discernere nec cursum +tenēre poterāmus et omnia praesentem mortem intentābant. Trīs diēs<span +class = "tag">16</span> et trīs noctīs<span class = "tag">16</span> sine +rēmīs vēlīsque agimur. Quārtō diē<span class = "tag">17</span> prīmum +terra vīsa est et violenter in saxa, quae nōn longē ā lītore aberant, +dēiectī sumus. Tum vērō maiōra perīcula timēbāmus; sed nauta quīdam, vir +fortissimus, ex nāve in fluctūs īrātōs dēsiluit <span class = +"tag">18</span>ut fūnem ad lītus portāret; quam rem summō labōre vix +effēcit. Ita omnēs servātī sumus. Grātiās igitur et honōrem Neptūnō +dēbēmus, quī deus nōs ē perīculō ēripuit. Nunc Athēnīs<span class = +"tag">19</span> sum, quō cōnfūgī ut mihi paucās hōrās ad quiētem +darem.<span class = "tag">20</span> Quam prīmum autem aliam nāvem +condūcam ut iter ad Italiam reliquum cōnficiam et domum<span class = +"tag">21</span> ad meōs cārōs revertar. Salūtā nostrum Pūblium +amīcissimē et valētūdinem tuam cūrā dīligenter. <span class = +"tag">22</span>Kalendīs Mārtiīs.”</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<a name = "note206_1">1.</a> <i>was ten years old</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>annōs</b>, <a href = "#sec501_21">§ 501. 21</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>domum</b>, <a href = "#sec501_20">§ 501. 20</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>populō</b>, dat. with inimīcās, cf. <a href = +"#sec501_16">§ 501. 16</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>Lentulō</b>, <a href = "#sec501_33">§ 501. 33</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>ut ... nūntiāret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_40">§ 501. 40</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>diēs</b>, cf. annōs, 1. 9.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>animīs</b>, abl. of manner. Do you see one in line 15?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. This is the usual form for the beginning of a Latin letter. First we +have the greeting, and then the expression Sī valēs, etc. The date of +the letter is usually given at the end, and also the place of writing, +if not previously mentioned in the letter.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>quō</b>, <i>where</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>dīs est grātia</b>, <i>thank God</i>, in our idiom.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. Asia refers to the Roman province of that name in Asia Minor.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>altum mare tenuimus</b>, <i>we were well out to sea.</i></div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. <b>nec iam</b>, <i>and no longer</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +16. <b>adflīctātī</b>, perf. passive part. <i>tossed about</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +16. What construction?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +17. <b>diē</b>, <a href = "#sec501_35">§ 501. 35</a>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +18. <b>ut ... portāret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_40">§ 501. 40</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +19. <b>Athēnīs</b>, <a href = "#sec501_36">§ 501. +36. 1</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +20. <b>darem</b>, cf. <b>portāret</b>, l. 6.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +21. Why not <b>ad domum</b>?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +22. <b>Kalendīs Mārtiīs</b>, <i>the Calends</i> or <i>first of +March</i>; abl. of time, giving the date of the letter.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXIV" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXIV">LXIV.</a> +LENTULUS REACHES HOME · PUBLIUS VISITS POMPEII WITH HIS FATHER</h6> + +<p> +Post paucōs diēs nāvis M. Cornēlī Lentulī portum Mīsēnī<span class = +"tag">1</span> petiit, quī portus nōn longē ā Pompēiīs situs est; quō in +portū classis Rōmānā pōnēbātur et ad pugnās nāvālīs ōrnābātur. Ibi nāvēs +omnium generum cōnspicī poterant. Iamque incrēdibilī celeritāte nāvis +longa quā Lentulus vehēbātur lītorī adpropinquāvit; nam nōn sōlum ventō +sed etiam rēmīs impellēbātur. In altā puppe stābat gubernātor et nōn +procul aliquī mīlitēs Rōmānī cum armīs splendidīs, inter quōs +clārissimus erat Lentulus. Deinde servī rēmīs contendere +cessāvērunt<span class = "tag">2</span>; nautae vēlum contrāxērunt et +ancorās iēcērunt. Lentulus statim ē nāvī ēgressus est et<span class = +"tag">3</span> ad villam suam properāvit. Eum Iūlia, Pūblius, tōtaque +familia excēpērunt. <span class = "tag">4</span>Quī complexūs, quanta +gaudia fuērunt!</p> + +<p> +Postrīdiē eius diēī Lentulus fīliō suō dīxit, “Venī, mī Pūblī, mēcum. +<span class = "pagenum">208</span> +<a name = "page208"> </a> +Pompēiōs iter hodiē faciam. Māter tua suādet<span class = "tag">5</span> +ut frūctūs et cibāria emam. Namque plūrīs amīcōs ad cēnam vocāvimus et +multīs rēbus<span class = "tag">6</span> egēmus. Ea hortātur ut quam +prīmum proficīscāmur.” “Libenter, mī pater,” inquit Pūblius. “Tēcum esse +mihi semper est grātum; nec Pompēiōs umquam vīdī. Sine morā proficīscī +parātus sum.” Tum celeriter currum cōnscendērunt et ad urbis mūrōs vectī +sunt. Stabiānā portā<span class = "tag">7</span> urbem ingressī sunt. +Pūblius strātās viās mīrātur et saxa altiōra quae in mediō disposita +erant et altās orbitās quās rotae inter haec saxa fēcerant. Etiam +strepitum mīrātur, multitūdinem, carrōs, fontīs, domōs, tabernās, +forum<span class = "tag">8</span> cum statuīs, templīs, reliquīsque +aedificiīs pūblicīs.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Misenum had an excellent harbor, and under the emperor Augustus +became the chief naval station of the Roman fleet. See map of +Italy.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. Why is the infinitive used with <b>cessāvērunt</b>?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. See Plate I, Frontispiece.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. Observe that these words are exclamatory.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. What construction follows <b>suādeō</b>? <a href = +"#sec501_41">§ 501. 41</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>rēbus</b>, <a href = "#sec501_32">§ 501. 32</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<a name = "note208_7">7.</a> This is the abl. of the <i>way by which</i> +motion takes place, sometimes called the abl. of route. The construction +comes under the general head of the abl. of means. For the scene here +described, see Plate II, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#page53">p. 53</a>, +and notice especially the stepping-stones for crossing the street +(<b>saxa quae in mediō disposita erant</b>).</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. The forum of Pompeii was surrounded by temples, public halls, and +markets of various sorts. Locate Pompeii on the map.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXV" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXV">LXV.</a> +A DAY AT POMPEII</h6> + +<p> +Apud forum ē currū dēscendērunt et Lentulus dīxit, “Hīc sunt multa +tabernārum genera, mī Pūblī. Ecce, trāns viam est popīna! <span class = +"tag">1</span>Hoc genus tabernārum cibāria vēndit. Frūctūs quoque ante +iānuam stant. Ibi cibāria mea emam.” “Optimē,” respondit Pūblius. “At +ubi, mī pater, crūstula emere possumus? Namque māter nōbīs imperāvit +<span class = "tag">2</span>ut haec quoque parārēmus. Timeō ut<span +class = "tag">3</span> ista popīna vēndat crūstula.” “Bene dīcis,” +inquit Lentulus. “At nōnne vidēs illum fontem ā dextrā ubi aqua per +leōnis caput fluit? In illō ipsō locō est taberna pīstōris quī sine +dubiō vēndit crūstula.”</p> + +<p> +Brevī tempore<span class = "tag">4</span> omnia erant parāta, iamque +<span class = "tag">5</span>quīnta hōra erat. Deinde Lentulus et fīlius +ad caupōnam properāvērunt, quod famē<span class = "tag">6</span> et +<span class = "pagenum">209</span> +<a name = "page209"> </a> +sitī<span class = "tag">7</span> urgēbantur. Ibi sub arboris umbrā +sēdērunt et puerō imperāvērunt ut sibi<span class = "tag">8</span> cibum +et vīnum daret. Huic imperiō<span class = "tag">9</span> puer celeriter +pāruit. Tum laetī sē<span class = "tag">10</span> ex labōre +refēcērunt.</p> + +<p> +Post prandium prefectī sunt ut alia urbis spectācula vidērent. Illō +tempore fuērunt Pompēiīs<span class = "tag">11</span> multa templa, duo +theātra, thermae magnumque amphitheātrum, quae omnia post paucōs annōs +flammīs atque incendiīs Vesuvī et terrae mōtū dēlēta sunt. Ante hanc +calamitātem autem hominēs <span class = "tag">1</span>nihil dē monte +veritī sunt. In amphitheātrō quidem Pūblius morārī cupīvit ut spectācula +gladiātōria vidēret, quae in<span class = "tag">13</span> illum ipsum +diem prōscrīpta erant et iam <span class = "tag">15</span>rē vērā +incēperant. Sed Lentulus dīxit, “Morārī, Pūblī, <span class = +"tag">16</span>vereor ut possīmus. Iam decima hōra est et via est longa. +Tempus suādet ut quam prīmum domum revertāmur.” Itaque servō imperāvit +ut equōs iungeret, et sōlis occāsū<span class = "tag">16</span> ad +vīllam pervēnērunt.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. We say, <i>this kind of shop</i>; Latin, <i>this kind of +shops</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>ut ... parārēmus</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_41">§ 501. 41</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. How is <b>ut</b> translated after a verb of fearing? How <b>nē</b>? +Cf. <a href = "#sec501_42">§ 501. 42</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>tempore</b>, <a href = "#sec501_35">§ 501. 35</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>quīnta hōra</b>. The Romans numbered the hours of the day +consecutively from sunrise to sunset, dividing the day, whether long or +short, into twelve equal parts.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>famē</b> shows a slight irregularity in that the abl. ending +<b>-e</b> is long.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>sitis</b>, <i>thirst</i>, has <b>-im</b> in the acc. sing., +<b>-ī</b> in the abl. sing., and no plural.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. Observe that the reflexive pronoun <b>sibi</b> does not here refer to +the subject of the subordinate clause in which it stands, but to the +subject of the main clause. This so-called <i>indirect</i> use of the +reflexive is often found in object clauses of purpose.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. What case? Cf. <a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501. 14</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>sē</b>, cf. <ins class = "explanation" title = +"‘se ... exercent’">p. 205, l. 7</ins>, and <a href = +"#note205_2">note</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>Pompēiīs</b>, <a href = "#sec501_36">§ 501. +36. 1</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>nihil ... veritī sunt</b>, <i>had no fears of the +mountain</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>in</b>, <i>for</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. <b>rē vērā</b>, <i>in fact</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +15. <b>vereor ut</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_42">§ 501. 42</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +16. <b>occāsū</b>, <a href = "#sec501_35">§ 501. 35</a>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXVI" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXVI">LXVI.</a> +LENTULUS ENGAGES A TUTOR FOR HIS SON</h6> + +<p> +Ā prīmīs annīs quidem Iūlia ipsa fīlium suum docuerat, et Pūblius nōn +sōlum <span class = "tag">1</span>pūrē et Latīnē loquī poterat sed etiam +commodē legēbat et scrībēbat. Iam Ennium<span class = "tag">2</span> +aliōsque poētās lēgerat. Nunc vērō Pūblius <span class = +"tag">3</span>duodecim annōs habēbat; itaque eī pater bonum magistrum, +<span class = "tag">4</span>virum omnī doctrīnā et virtūte ōrnātissimum, +parāvit, <span class = "tag">5</span>quī Graeca, mūsicam, aliāsque artīs +docēret. <span class = "tag">6</span>Namque illīs temporibus omnēs ferē +gentēs Graecē loquēbantur. Cum Pūbliō aliī puerī, Lentulī amīcōrum +<span class = "pagenum">210</span> +<a name = "page210"> </a> +fīliī,<span class = "tag">7</span> discēbant. Nam saepe apud Rōmānōs mōs +erat <span class = "tag">8</span>nōn in lūdum fīliōs mittere sed domī +per magistrum docēre. Cotīdiē discipulī cum magistrō in peristȳlō<span +class = "tag">9</span> Mārcī domūs sedēbant. Omnēs puerī bullam auream, +orīginis honestae signum, in collō gerēbant, et omnēs togā praetextā +amictī erant, <span class = "tag">10</span>quod nōndum sēdecim +annōs<span class = "tag">11</span> nātī sunt.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>pūrē ... poterat</b>, freely, <i>could speak Latin well</i>. What +is the literal translation?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>Ennium</b>, the father of Latin poetry.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>duodecim ... habēbat</b>, cf. <ins class = "explanation" title = +"‘Publius ... decem annos habebat’">p. 206, l. 8</ins>, and <a href = +"#note206_1">note</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>virum</b>, etc., <i>a very well-educated and worthy man</i>. +Observe the Latin equivalent.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>quī ... docēret</b>, a relative clause of purpose. Cf. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec349">§§ 349</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec350">350</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. In Cæsar’s time Greek was spoken more widely in the Roman world than +any other language.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>fīliī</b>, in apposition with <b>puerī</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>nōn ... mittere</b>. This infinitive clause is the subject of +<b>erat</b>. Cf. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec216">§ 216</a>. The +same construction is repeated in the next clause, <b>domī ... +docēre</b>. The object of <b>docēre</b> is <b>fīliōs</b> +understood.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. The peristyle was an open court surrounded by a colonnade.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<a name = "note210_10">10.</a> At the age of sixteen a boy laid aside +the <i>bulla</i> and the <i>toga praetexta</i> and assumed <i>toga +virīlis</i> or manly gown.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<a name = "note210_11">11.</a> <b>annōs</b>, +<a href = "#sec501_21">§ 501. 21</a>. The expression <b>nōndum +sēdecim +annōs nātī sunt</b> means literally, <i>they were born not yet sixteen +years</i>. This is the usual expression for age. What is the English +equivalent?</div> + +<h6 class = "subchap">SCENE IN SCHOOL · AN EXERCISE IN COMPOSITION</h6> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic210.png" width = "175" height = "167" +alt = "woman with tablet and stylus"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +TABULA ET STILUS</span></p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Discipulī.</span> Salvē, magister.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Magister.</span> Vōs quoque omnēs, salvēte. +<span class = "tag">1</span>Tabulāsne portāvistis et stilōs?</p> + +<p> +D. Portāvimus.</p> + +<p> +M. Iam fābulam Aesōpī<span class = "tag">2</span> discēmus. Ego legam, +vōs in tabulīs scrībite. Et tū, Pūblī, dā mihi ē capsā<span class = +"tag">3</span> Aesōpī volūmen.<span class = "tag">4</span> Iam audīte +omnēs: <i>Vulpēs et Ūva</i>.</p> + +<p> +Vulpēs ōlim famē coācta ūvam dēpendentem vīdit. Ad ūvam saliēbat, sūmere +cōnāns. Frūstrā diū cōnāta, tandem īrāta erat et salīre cessāns dīxit: +“Illa ūva est acerba; acerbam ūvam <span class = "tag">5</span>nihil +moror.”</p> + +<p> +Omnia´ne scrīpsistis, puerī?</p> + +<p> +D. Omnia, magister.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Tablets were thin boards of wood smeared with wax. The writing was +done with a stylus, a pointed instrument like a pencil, made of bone or +metal, with a knob at the other end. The knob was used to smooth over +the wax in making erasures and corrections.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>Aesōpī</b>, the famous Greek to whom are ascribed most of the +fables current in the ancient world.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. A cylindrical box for holding books and papers, shaped like a +hatbox.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. Ancient books were written on rolls made of papy´rus.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>nihil moror</b>, <i>I care nothing for</i>.</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum">211</span> +<a name = "page211"> </a> +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXVII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXVII">LXVII.</a> +PUBLIUS GOES TO ROME TO FINISH HIS EDUCATION</h6> + +<p> +Iamque Pūblius, <span class = "tag">1</span>quīndecim annōs nātus, <span +class = "tag">2</span>prīmīs litterārum elementīs cōnfectīs, Rōmam +petere voluit ut scholās grammaticōrum et philosophōrum frequentāret. Et +facillimē patrī<span class = "tag">3</span> suō, qui ipse philosophiae +studiō tenēbātur, persuāsit. Itaque <span class = "tag">4</span>omnibus +rēbus ad profectiōnem comparātīs, pater fīliusque equīs animōsīs +vectī<span class = "tag">5</span> ad magnam urbem profectī sunt. Eōs +proficīscentīs Iūlia tōtaque familia vōtīs precibusque prōsecūtae sunt. +Tum per loca<span class = "tag">6</span> plāna et collis silvīs vestītōs +viam ingressī sunt ad Nōlam, quod oppidum eōs hospitiō modicō excēpit. +Nōlae<span class = "tag">7</span> duās hōrās morātī sunt, quod sōl +merīdiānus ārdēbat. Tum rēctā viā<span class = "tag">8</span> circiter +vīgintī mīlia<span class = "tag">9</span> passuum<span class = +"tag">9</span> Capuam,<span class = "tag">9</span> ad īnsignem Campāniae +urbem, contendērunt. Eō<span class = "tag">10</span> multā nocte dēfessī +pervēnērunt. <span class = "tag">11</span>Postrīdiē eius diēī, somnō et +cibō recreātī, Capuā discessērunt et <span class = "tag">13</span>viam +Appiam ingressī, quae Capuam tangit et ūsque ad urbem Rōmam dūcit, ante +merīdiem Sinuessam pervēnērunt, quod oppidum tangit mare. Inde prīmā +lūce proficīscentēs Formiās<span class = "tag">13</span> properāvērunt, +ubi Cicerō, ōrātor clarissimus, quī forte apud vīllam suam erat, eōs +benignē excēpit. Hinc <span class = "tag">14</span>itinere vīgintī +quīnque mīlium passuum factō, Tarracīnam, oppidum in saxīs altissimīs +situm, vīdērunt. Iamque nōn longē aberant palūdēs magnae, quae multa +mīlia passuum undique patent. Per eās pedestris via est gravis et in +nāve viātōrēs vehuntur. Itaque <span class = "tag">15</span>equīs +relictīs Lentulus et Pūblius nāvem cōnscendērunt, et, ūnā nocte in +trānsitū cōnsūmptā, Forum Appī vēnērunt. Tum brevī tempore Arīcia eōs +excēpit. Hoc oppidum, in colle +<span class = "pagenum">212</span> +<a name = "page212"> </a> +situm, ab urbe Romā sēdecim mīlia passuum abest. Inde dēclivis via ūsque +ad latum campum dūcit ubi Rōma stat. Quem ad locum ubi Pūblius vēnit et +Rōmam adhūc remōtam, maximam tōtīus orbis terrārum urbem, cōnspēxit, +summā admīrātiōne et gaudiō adfectus est. Sine morā dēscendērunt, et, +mediō intervāllō quam celerrimē superātō, urbem portā Capēnā ingressī +sunt.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>quīndecim</b>, etc., cf. <ins class = "explanation" title = +"‘nondum sedecim annos nati sunt’">p. 210, l. 5</ins>, and <a href = +"#note210_11">note</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>prīmīs ... cōnfectīs</b>, abl. abs. Cf. <a href = +"#sec501_28">§ 501. 28</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>patrī</b>, dat. with <b>persuāsit</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>omnibus ... comparātīs</b>, cf. note 2.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>vectī</b>, perf. pass. part. of <b>vehō</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. What is there peculiar about the gender of this word?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>Nōlae</b>, locative case, <a href = +"#sec501_36">§ 501. 36</a>.2.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>viā</b>, cf. <b>portā</b>, <ins class = "explanation" title = +"‘porta ... ingressi sunt’">p. 208, l. 7</ins>, and <a href = +"#note208_7">note</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. What construction?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>Eō</b>, adv. <i>there</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>Postrīdiē eius diēī</b>, <i>on the next day</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>viam Appiam</b>, the most famous of all Roman roads, the great +highway from Rome to Tarentum and Brundisium, with numerous branches. +Locate on the map the various towns that are mentioned in the lines that +follow.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>Formiās</b>, <i>Formiæ</i>, one of the most beautiful spots on +this coast, and a favorite site for the villas of rich Romans.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. <b>itinere ... factō</b>, abl. abs. The gen. <b>mīlium</b> modifies +<b>itinere</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +15. <b>equīs relictīs</b>. What construction? Point out a similar one in +the next line.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXVIII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXVIII">LXVIII.</a> +PUBLIUS PUTS ON THE TOGA VIRILIS</h6> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic212.png" width = "151" height = "226" +alt = "Bulla"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +BULLA</span></p> + +<p> +Pūblius iam tōtum annum Rōmae morābātur<span class = "tag">1</span> +multaque urbis spectācula vīderat et multōs sibi<span class = +"tag">2</span> amīcōs parāverat. Eī<span class = "tag">3</span> omnēs +favēbant; <span class = "tag">4</span>dē eō omnēs bene spērāre poterant. +Cotīdiē Pūblius scholas philosophōrum et grammaticōrum tantō studiō +frequentābat <span class = "tag">5</span>ut aliīs clārum exemplum +praebēret. Saepe erat cum patre in cūriā<span class = "tag">6</span>; +quae rēs effēcit <span class = "tag">7</span>ut summōs reī pūblicae +virōs et audīret et vidēret. Ubi <span class = "tag">8</span>sēdecim +annōs natus est, bullam<span class = "tag">9</span> auream et togam +praetextam mōre Rōmānō dēposuit atque virīlem togam sūmpsit. Virīlis +autem toga erat omnīnō alba, sed praetexta clāvum purpureum in margine +habēbat. <span class = "tag">10</span>Dēpōnere togam praetextam et +sūmere togam virīlem erat rēs grātissima puerō Rōmānō, quod posteā vir +et cīvis Rōmānus habēbātur.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "tag">11</span>Hīs rēbus gestīs Lentulus ad uxōrem suam +hās litterās scrīpsit:</p> + +<p> +<span class = "tag">12</span>“Mārcus Iūliae suae salūtem dīcit. Sī +valēs, bene est; ego valeō. Accēpī tuās litterās. Hās nunc Rōmā per +servum fidēlissimum mittō ut dē Pūbliō nostrō quam celerrimē sciās. Nam +hodiē eī togam virīlem dedī. Ante lucem surrēxī<span class = +"tag">13</span> et prīmum bullam auream dē collō eius +<span class = "pagenum">213</span> +<a name = "page213"> </a> +remōvī. Hāc Laribus<span class = "tag">14</span> cōnsecrātā et sacrīs +factīs, eum togā virīlī vestīvī. Interim plūrēs amīcī cum multitūdine +optimōrum cīvium et honestōrum clientium pervēnerant <span class = +"tag">15</span>quī Pūblium domō in forum dēdūcerent. Ibi in cīvitātem +receptus est et nōmen, Pūblius Cornēlius Lentulus, apud cīvīs Rōmānōs +ascrīptum est. Omnēs eī amīcissimī fuērunt et magna<span class = +"tag">16</span> de eō praedīcunt. Sapientior enim aequālibus<span class += "tag">17</span> est et magnum ingenium habet. <span class = +"tag">18</span>Cūrā ut valeās.”</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>morābātur</b>, translate as if pluperfect.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>sibi</b>, <i>for himself</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>Eī</b>, why dat.?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>dē ... poterant</b>, in English, <i>all regarded him as a very +promising youth;</i> but what does the Latin say?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>ut ... praebēret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_43">§ 501. 43</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>cūriā</b>, a famous building near the Roman Forum.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>ut ... audīret et vidēret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_44">§ 501. 44</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>sēdecim, etc.</b>, cf. <ins class = "explanation" title = +"‘nondum sedecim annos nati sunt’">p. 210, l. 5</ins>, and <a href = +"#note210_11">note</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>bullam</b>, cf. <ins class = "explanation" title = +"‘bullam auream ... gerebant’">p. 210, l. 3</ins>, and <a href = +"#note210_10">note 4</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. These infinitive clauses are the subject of <b>erat</b>. Cf. <a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec216">§ 216</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>Hīs rēbus gestīs</b>, i.e. the assumption of the <i>toga +virilis</i> and attendant ceremonies.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. Compare the beginning of this letter with the one on page 206.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>surrēxī</b>, from <b>surgō</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. The Lares were the spirits of the ancestors, and were worshiped as +household gods. All that the house contained was confided to their care, +and sacrifices were made to them daily.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +15. <b>quī ... dēdūcerent</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec350">§ 350</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +16. <b>magna</b>, <i>great things</i>, a neuter adj. used as a +noun.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +17. <b>aequālibus</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_34">§ 501. 34</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +18. <b>Cūrā ut valeās</b>, <i>take good care of your health</i>. How +does the Latin express this idea?</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXIX" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXIX">LXIX.</a> +PUBLIUS JOINS CÆSAR’S ARMY IN GAUL</h6> + +<p> +Pūblius iam adulēscēns postquam togam virīlem sūmpsit, aliīs rēbus +studēre incēpit et praesertim ūsū<span class = "tag">1</span> armōrum +sē<span class = "tag">2</span> dīligenter exercuit. Magis magisque +amāvit illās artīs quae mīlitārem animum dēlectant. Iamque erant <span +class = "tag">3</span>quī eī cursum mīlitārem praedīcerent. Nec sine +causā, quod certē patris īsigne exemplum <span class = "tag">4</span>ita +multum trahēbat. <span class = "tag">5</span>Paucīs ante annīs C. Iūlius +Caesar, ducum Rōmānōrum maximus, cōnsul creātus erat et hōc tempore in +Galliā bellum grave gerēbat. Atque in exercitū eius plūrēs adulēscentēs +mīlitābant, apud quōs erat amīcus quīdam Pūblī. Ille Pūblium crēbrīs +litterīs vehementer hortābātur <span class = "tag">6</span>ut iter in +Galliam faceret. Neque Pūblius recūsāvit, et, multīs amīcīs ad portam +urbis prōsequentibus, ad Caesaris castra profectus est. Quārtō diē +postquam iter ingressus est, ad Alpīs, montīs altissimōs, pervēnit. Hīs +summā difficultāte superātīs, tandem Gallōrum in fīnibus erat. Prīmō +autem veritus est ut<span class = "tag">7</span> castrīs Rōmānīs +adpropinquāre posset, quod Gallī, maximīs cōpiīs coāctīs, Rōmānōs +obsidēbant et viās omnīs iam clauserant. Hīs rēbus commōtus Pūblius +vestem Gallicam induit nē ā Gallīs caperētur, et ita per hostium cōpiās +incolumis ad castra +<span class = "pagenum">214</span> +<a name = "page214"> </a> +pervenīre potuit. Intrā mūnītiōnes acceptus, ā Caesare benignē exceptus +est. Imperātor fortem adulēscentem amplissimīs verbīs laudāvit et eum +<span class = "tag">8</span>tribūnum mīlītum creāvit.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Abl. of means.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>sē</b>, reflexive object of <b>exercuit</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>quī ... praedīcerent</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_45">§ 501. 45</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>ita multum trahēbat</b>, <i>had a great influence in that +direction</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>Paucīs ante annīs</b>, <i>a few years before</i>; in Latin, +<i>before by a few years</i>, <b>ante</b> being an adverb and +<b>annīs</b> abl. of degree of difference.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>ut ... faceret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_41">§ 501. 41</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>ut</b>, how translated here? See <a href = +"#sec501_42">§ 501. 42</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. The <i>military tribune</i> was a commissioned officer nearly +corresponding to our rank of colonel. The tribunes were often +inexperienced men, so Cæsar did not allow them much +responsibility.</div> + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "../images/pic214.png" width = "428" height = "312" +alt = "military baggage"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +IMPEDIMENTA</span></p> + +<h6 class = "subchap">HOW THE ROMANS MARCHED AND CAMPED</h6> + +<p> +Exercitus quī in hostium fīnibus bellum genit multīs perīcuīs +circumdatus est. <span class = "tag">1</span>Quae perīcula ut vītāret, +Rōmāni summam cūram adhībēre solēbant. Adpropinquanteēs cōpiīs hostium +agmen ita dispōnēbant <span class = "tag">2</span>ut imperātor ipse cum +plāribus legiōnibus expedītīs<span class = "tag">3</span> prīmum agmen +dūceret. Post eās cōpiās impedīmenta<span class = "tag">4</span> tōtīus +exercitūs +<span class = "pagenum">215</span> +<a name = "page215"> </a> +conlocābant. <span class = "tag">5</span>Tum legiōnēs quae proximē +cōnscrīptae erant tōtum agmen claudēbant. Equitēs quoque in omnīs partīs +dīmittēbantur quī loca explōrārent; et centuriōnēs praemittēbantur ut +locum castrīs idōneum dēligerent. Locus habēbatur idōneus castrīs <span +class = "tag">6</span>quī facile dēfendī posset et prope aquam esset. +Quā dē causā castra<span class = "tag">7</span> in colle ab utrāque +parte arduō, ā fronte lēniter dēclīvī saepe pōnēbantur; vel locus +palūdibus cīnctus vel in flūminis rīpīs situs dēligēbātur. Ad locum +postquam exercitus pervēnit, aliī mīlitum <span class = "tag">8</span>in +armīs erant, aliī castra mūnīre incipiēbant. Nam <span class = +"tag">9</span>quō tūtiōrēs ab hostibus mīlitēs essent, nēve incautī et +imparātī opprimerentur, castra fossā lātā et vāllō altō mūniēbant. In +castrīs portae quattuor erant ut ēruptiō mīlitum omnīs in partīs fierī +posset. In angulīs castrōrum erant turrēs dē quibus tēla in hostīs +coniciēbantur. <span class = "tag">10</span>Tālibus in castrīs quālia +dēscrīpsimus Pūblius ā Caesare exceptus est.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>Quae perīcula</b>, object of <b>vītārent</b>. It is placed first +to make a proper connection with the preceding sentence.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>ut ... dūceret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_43">§ 501. 43</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>expedītīs</b>, i.e. without baggage and ready for action.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>impedīmenta</b>. Much of the baggage was carried in carts and on +beasts of burden, as is shown above; but, besides this, each soldier +(unless <b>expedītus</b>) carried a heavy pack. See also picture, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#page159">p. 159</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. The newest legions were placed in the rear, because they were the +least reliable.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>quī ... posset ... esset</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_45">§ 501. 45</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>castra</b>, subject of <b>pōnēbantur</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>in armīs erant</b>, <i>stood under arms</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>quō ... essent</b>. When is <b>quō</b> used to introduce a purpose +clause? See +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec350">§ 350. I</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>Tālibus in castrīs quālia</b>, <i>in such a camp as</i>. It is +important to remember the correlatives <b>tālis ... quālis</b>, <i>such +... as</i>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXX" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXX">LXX.</a> +THE RIVAL CENTURIONS</h6> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic216.png" width = "135" height = "297" +alt = "centurion"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +CENTURIO</span></p> + +<p> +Illīs in castrīs erant duo centuriōnēs,<span class = "tag">1</span> +fortissimī virī, T. Pullō et L. Vorēnus, quōrum neuter alterī +virtūte<span class = "tag">2</span> cēdere volēbat. Inter eōs iam multōs +annōs īnfēnsum certāmen gerēbātur. Tum dēmum fīnis contrōversiae hōc +modō<span class = "tag">3</span> factus est. Diē tertiō postquam Pūblius +pervēnit, hostēs, maiōribus cōpiīs coāctīs, ācerrimum impetum in castra +fēcērunt. Tum Pullō, <span class = "tag">4</span>cum Rōmānī +tardiōrēs<span class = "tag">5</span> vidērentur, “Cūr dubitās,” inquit, +“Vorēne? Quam commodiōrem occāsiōnem exspectās? Hic diēs dē virtūte +nostrā iūdicābit.” Haec<span class = "tag">6</span> cum dīxisset, +<span class = "pagenum">216</span> +<a name = "page216"> </a> +extrā mūnītiōnēs prōcessit et in eam hostium partem quae cōfertissima +<span class = "tag">7</span>vidēbātur inrūpit. Neque Vorēnus quidem tum +vāllō<span class = "tag">8</span> sēsē continet, sed Pullōnem +subsequitur. Tum Pullō pīlum in hostīs immittit atque ūnum ex +multitūdine prōcurrentem trāicit. Hunc percussum et exanimātum hostēs +scūtīs prōtegunt et in Pullōnem omnēs tēla coniciunt. Eius scūtum +trānsfīgitur et tēlum in balteō dēfīgitur. Hic cāsus vāgīnam āvertit et +dextram manum eius gladium ēdūcere cōnantis<span class = "tag">9</span> +morātur. Eum ita impedītum hostēs circumsistunt.</p> + +<p> +Tum vēro <span class = "tag">10</span>eī labōrantī Vorēnus, cum sit +inimīcus, tamen auxilium dat. Ad hunc cōnfestim <span class = +"tag">11</span>ā Pullōne omnis multitūdō sē convertit. Gladiō comminus +pugnat Vorēnus, atque, ūnō interfectō, reliquōs paulum prōpellit. Sed +īnstāns cupidius<span class = "tag">12</span> īnfēlīx, <span class = +"tag">13</span>pede sē fallente, concidit.</p> + +<p> +Huic rūrsus circumventō auxilium dat Pullō, atque ambō incolumēs, +plūribus interfectīs, summā cum laude intrā mūnītiōnēs sē recipiunt. Sic +inimīcōrum alter alterī auxilium dedit nec de eōrum virtūte quisquam +iūdicāre potuit.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. A centurion commanded a company of about sixty men. He was a common +soldier who had been promoted from the ranks for his courage and +fighting qualities. The centurions were the real leaders of the men in +battle. There were sixty of them in a legion. The centurion in the +picture (p. 216) has in his hand a staff with a crook at one end, the +symbol of his authority.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>virtūte</b>, <a href = "#sec501_30">§ 501. 30</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. Abl. of manner.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>cum ... vidērentur</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_46">§ 501. 46</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>tardiōrēs</b>, <i>too slow</i>, a not infrequent translation of +the comparative degree.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>Haec</b>, obj. of <b>dīxisset</b>. It is placed before <b>cum</b> +to make a close connection with the preceding sentence. What is the +construction of <b>dīxisset</b>?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>vidēbatur, inrūpit</b>. Why is the imperfect used in one case and +the perfect in the other? Cf. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec190">§ 190</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>vāllō</b>, abl. of means, but in English we should say <i>within +the rampart</i>. Cf. <b>ingentī stabulō</b>, p. 201, l. 13, and +note.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>cōnantis</b>, pres. part. agreeing with <b>eius</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>eī labōrantī</b>, indir. obj. of dat.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>ā Pullōne</b>, <i>from Pullo</i>, abl. of separation.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>cupidius</b>, <i>too eagerly</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>pede sē fallente</b>, lit. <i>the foot deceiving itself</i>; in +our idiom, <i>his foot slipping</i>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXXI" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXXI">LXXI.</a> +THE ENEMY BESIEGING THE CAMP ARE REPULSED</h6> + +<p> +Cum iam sex hōrās pugnatum esset<span class = "tag">1</span> ac nōn +sōlum vīrēs sed etiam tēla Rōmānōs dēficerent<span class = +"tag">1</span>, atque hostēs ācrius instārent,<span class = +"tag">1</span> et vāllum scindere fossamque complēre incēpissent,<span +class = "tag">1</span> Caesar, vir reī mīlitāris perītissimus, +<span class = "pagenum">217</span> +<a name = "page217"> </a> +suīs imperāvit ut proelium paulisper intermitterent,<span class = +"tag">2</span> et, signō datō, ex castrīs ērumperent.<span class = +"tag">2</span> <span class = "tag">3</span>Quod iussī sunt faciunt, et +subitō ex omnibus portīs ērumpunt. Atque tam celeriter mīlitēs +concurrērunt et tam propinquī erant hostēs<span class = "tag">4</span> +ut spatium pīla coniciendī<span class = "tag">5</span> nōn darētur. +Itaque reiectīs pīlīs <span class = "tag">6</span>comminus gladiīs +pugnātum est. Diū et audācter hostēs restitērunt et in extrēmā spē +salūtis tantam virtūtem praestitērunt ut ā dextrō cornū vehementer <span +class = "tag">7</span>multitūdine suōrum aciem Rōmanam premerent. <span +class = "tag">8</span>Id imperātor cum animadvertisset, Pūblium +adulēscentem cum equitātū mīsit quī labōrantibus<span class = +"tag">9</span> auxilium daret. Eius impetum sustinēre nōn potuērunt +hostēs<span class = "tag">10</span> et omnēs terga vertērunt. Eōs in +fugam datōs Pūblius subsecūtus est ūsque ad flūmen Rhēnum, quod ab eō +locō quīnque mīlia passuum aberat. Ibi paucī salūtem sibi repperērunt. +Omnibus reliquīs interfectīs, Pūblius et equitēs in castra sēsē +recēpērunt. Dē hāc calamitāte fīnitimae gentēs cum certiōrēs factae +essent, ad Caesarem lēgātōs mīsērunt et sē suaque omnia dēdidērunt.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>pugnātum esset, dēficerent, īnstārent, incēpissent</b>. These are +all subjunctives with <b>cum</b>. Cf. <a href = +"#sec501_46">§ 501. 46</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>intermitterent, ērumperent</b>. What use of the subjunctive?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>Quod</b>, etc., <i>they do as ordered</i>. The antecedent of +<b>quod</b> is <b>id</b> understood, which would be the object of +<b>faciunt</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>ut ... darētur</b>. Is this a clause of purpose or of +result?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>coniciendī</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec402">§ 402</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>comminus gladiīs pugnātum est</b>, <i>a hand-to-hand conflict was +waged with swords</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>multitūdine suōrum</b>, <i>by their numbers</i>. <b>suōrum</b> is +used as a noun. What is the literal translation of this +expression?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>Id imperātor. Id</b> is the obj. and <b>imperātor</b> the subj. of +<b>animadvertisset</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>labōrantibus</b>. This participle agrees with <b>iīs</b> +understood, the indir. obj. of <b>daret; qui ... daret</b> is a purpose +clause, <a href = "#sec501_40">§ 501. 40</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>hostēs</b>, subj. of <b>potuērunt</b>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXXII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXXII">LXXII.</a> +PUBLIUS GOES TO GERMANY · ITS GREAT FORESTS AND STRANGE ANIMALS</h6> + +<p> +Initā aestāte Caesar litterīs certior fīēbat et per explōrātōrēs +cognōscēbat plūrīs cīvitātēs Galliae novīs rēbus studēre,<span class = +"tag">1</span> et contrā populum Rōmānum coniūrāre<span class = +"tag">1</span> obsidēsque <span class = "tag">2</span>inter sē +dare,<span class = "tag">1</span> atque cum hīs Germānōs quōsdam quoque +sēsē coniūnctūrōs esse.<span class = "tag">1</span> Hīs litterīs +nūntiīsque commōtus Caesar cōnstituit quam celerrimē in Gallōs +proficīscī,<span class = "tag">3</span> ut eōs inopīnantīs opprimeret, +et Labiēnum lēgātum cum duābus legiōnibus peditum et duōbus mīlibus +equitum in Germānōs mittere.<span class = "tag">3</span> +<span class = "pagenum">218</span> +<a name = "page218"> </a> +<span class = "tag">4</span>Itaque rē frūmentāriā comparātā castra +mōvit. Ab utrōque<span class = "tag">5</span> rēs bene gesta est; nam +Caesar tam celeriter in hostium fīnīs pervēnit ut spatium <span class = +"tag">6</span>cōpiās cōgendī nōn darētur<span class = "tag">7</span>; et +Labiēnus dē Germānīs tam grave supplicium sūmpsit ut nēmō ex eā gente in +reliquum tempus Gallīs auxilium dare audēret.<span class = +"tag">7</span></p> + +<p> +Hoc iter in Germāniam Pūblius quoque fēcit et, <span class = +"tag">8</span>cum ibi morārētur, multa mīrābilia vīdit. Praesertim vērō +ingentem silvam mīrābātur, quae tantae magnitūdinis esse dīcēbātur <span +class = "tag">9</span>ut nēmō eam trānsīre posset, nec quisquam scīret +aut initium aut fīnem. Quā dē rē plūra cognōverat ā mīlite quōdam quī +ōlim captus ā Germānīs multōs annōs ibi incoluit. Ille<span class = +"tag">10</span> dē silvā dīcēns, “Īnfīnītae magnitūdinis est haec +silva,” inquit; “nee quisquam est <span class = "tag">11</span>huius +Germāniae <span class = "tag">12</span>quī initium eius sciat aut ad +fīnem adierit. Nāscuntur illīc multa tālia animālium genera quālia +reliquīs in locīs nōn inveniuntur. Sunt bovēs quī ūnum<span class = +"tag">13</span> cornū habent; sunt etiam animālia quae appellantur +alcēs. Hae nūllōs crūrum<span class = "tag">14</span> articulōs habent. +Itaque, sī forte concidērunt, sēsē ērigere nūllō modō possunt. Arborēs +habent prō<span class = "tag">15</span> cubīlibus; ad eās sē applicant +atque ita reclīnātae quiētem capiunt. Tertium est genus eōrum quī ūrī +appellantur. Hī sunt paulō minōrēs elephantīs.<span class = +"tag">16</span> Magna vis eōrum est et magna vēlōcitās. Neque hominī +neque ferae parcunt.<span class = "tag">17</span>”</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Observe that all these infinitives are in indirect statements after +<b>certior fīēbat</b>, <i>he was informed</i>, and <b>cognōscēbat</b>, +<i>he learned</i>. Cf. <a href = "#sec501_48">§ 501.48</a>, +49.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>inter sē</b>, <i>to each other</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>proficīscī, mittere</b>. These infinitives depend upon +<b>cōnstituit</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. Before beginning a campaign, food had to be provided. Every fifteen +days grain was distributed. Each soldier received about two pecks. This +he carried in his pack, and this constituted his food, varied +occasionally by what he could find by foraging. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. Abl. of personal agent, <a href = +"#sec501_33">§ 501. 33</a>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>cōpiās cōgendī</b>, <a href = "#sec501_37">§ 501. +37. 1</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>darētur, audēret</b>, +<a href = "#sec501_43">§ 501. 43</a>. <b>audēret</b> is not +from +<b>audiō</b>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>cum ... morārētur</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_46">§ 501. 46</a>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>ut ... posset, ... scīret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_43">§ 501. 43</a>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>Ille</b>, subj. of <b>inquit</b>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>huius Germāniae</b>, <i>of this part of Germany</i>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>quī ... scīat ... adierit</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_45">§ 501. 45</a>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>ūnum</b>, <i>only one</i>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. <b>crūrum</b>, from <b>crūs</b>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +15. <b>prō</b>, <i>for, in place of</i>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +16. <b>elephantīs</b>, <a href = "#sec501_34">§ 501. 34</a>. +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +17. <b>parcunt</b>. What case is used with this verb? </div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXXIII" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXXIII">LXXIII.</a> +THE STORMING OF A CITY</h6> + +<p> +Pūblius plūrīs diēs in Germāniā morātus<span class = "tag">1</span> in +Galliam rediit, et ad Caesaris castra sē contulit. Ille quia molestē +ferēbat Gallōs<span class = "tag">2</span> eius regiōnis obsidēs dare +recūsāvisse et exercituī frūmentum praebēre +<span class = "pagenum">219</span> +<a name = "page219"> </a> +nōluisse, cōnstituit eīs<span class = "tag">3</span> bellum īnferre. +Agrīs vāstātīs, vīcīs incēnsīs, pervēnit ad oppidum validissimum quod et +nātūrā et arte mūnītum erat. Cingēbātur mūrō vīgintī quīnque pedēs<span +class = "tag">4</span> altō. Ā lateribus duōsitum, praeruptō fastīgiō ad +plānitiem vergēgat; ā quārtō tantum<span class = "tag">5</span> latere +aditus erat facilis. Hoc oppidum oppugnāre, <span class = +"tag">6</span>cum opus esset difficillimum, tamen cōnstituit Caesar. Et +castrīs mūnītīs Pūbliō negōtium dedit ut rēs <span class = +"tag">7</span>ad oppugnandum necessāriās parāret.</p> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic219.png" width = "295" height = "205" +alt = "siege shed"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +VINEA</span></p> + +<p> +Rōmānōrum autem oppugnātiō est haec.<span class = "tag">8</span> Prīmum +turrēs aedificantur quibus mīlitēs in summum mūrum ēvādere possint<span +class = "tag">9</span>; vīneae<span class = "tag">10</span> fīunt quibus +tēctī mīlitēs ad mūrum succēdant; pluteī<span class = "tag">11</span> +parantur post quōs mīlitēs tormenta<span class = "tag">12</span> +administrent; sunt quoque arietēs quī mūrum et portās discutiant. Hīs +omnibus rēbus comparātīs, deinde <span class = "tag">13</span>agger ab +eā parte ubi aditus est facillimus exstruitur et cum +<span class = "pagenum">220</span> +<a name = "page220"> </a> +vīneīs ad ipsum oppidum agitur. Tum turris in aggere prōmovētur; +arietibus quī sub vīneīs conlocātī erant mūrus et portae discutiuntur; +ballistīs, catapultīs, reliquīsque tormentīs lapidēs et tēla in oppidum +coniciuntur. Postrēmō cum iam turris et agger altitūdinem mūrī adaequant +et arietēs moenia perfrēgērunt,<span class = "tag">14</span> signō datō +mīlitēs inruunt et oppidum expugnant.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>morātus</b>. Is this part. active or passive in meaning?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>Gallōs</b>, subj. acc. of the infins. <b>recūsāvisse</b> and +<b>nōluisse</b>. The indirect statement depends upon <b>molestē +ferēbat</b>. </div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>eīs</b>, <a href = "#sec501_15">§ 501. 15</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>pedēs</b>, <a href = "#sec501_21">§ 501. 21</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>tantum</b>, adv. <i>only</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>cum ... esset</b>, a clause of concession, <a href = +"#sec501_46">§ 501. 46</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>ad oppugnandum</b>, a gerund expressing purpose.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>haec</b>, <i>as follows</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>possint</b>, subjv. of purpose. Three similar constructions +follow.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>vīneae</b>. These <b>vīneae</b> were wooden sheds, open in front +and rear, used to protect men who were working to take a fortification. +They were about eight feet high, of like width, and double that length, +covered with raw hides to protect them from being set on fire, and moved +on wheels or rollers.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>pluteī</b>, large screens or shields with small wheels attached +to them. These were used to protect besiegers while moving up to a city +or while serving the engines of war.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>tormenta</b>. The engines of war were chiefly the catapult for +shooting great arrows, and the ballista, for hurling large stones. They +had a range of about two thousand feet and were very effective.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. The <b>agger</b>, or mound, was of chief importance in a siege. It +was begun just out of reach of the missiles of the enemy, and then +gradually extended towards the point to be attacked. At the same time +its height gradually increased until on a level with the top of the +wall, or even higher. It was made of earth and timber, and had covered +galleries running through it for the use of the besiegers. Over or +beside the <i>agger</i> a tower was moved up to the wall, often with a +battering-ram (<i>aries</i>) in the lowest story. (See picture, <a href += "#page221">p. 221</a>.)</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. <b>perfrēgērunt</b>, from <b>perfringō</b>.</div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXXIV" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXXIV">LXXIV.</a> +THE CITY IS TAKEN · THE CAPTIVES ARE QUESTIONED</h6> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic220.png" width = "302" height = "265" +alt = "ballista"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +BALLISTA</span></p> + +<p> +Omnibus rēbus necessāriīs ad oppugnandum ā Pūbliō comparātīs, +dēlīberātur in conciliō quod cōnsilium <span class = +"tag">1</span>oppidī expugnandī ineant.<span class = "tag">2</span> Tum +ūnus<span class = "tag">3</span> ex centuriōnibus, vir reī mīlitāris +perītissimus, “Ego suādeō,” inquit, “ut ab eā parte, ubi aditus sit<span +class = "tag">4</span> facillimus, aggerem exstruāmus<span class = +"tag">5</span> et turrim prōmoveāmus<span class = "tag">5</span> atque +ariete admōtō simul mūrum discutere cōnēmur.<span class = +"tag">5</span>” <span class = "tag">6</span>Hoc cōnsilium cum omnibus +placēret, Caesar concilium dīmīsit. Deinde mīlitēs hortātus ut priōrēs +victōriās memoriā<span class = "tag">7</span> tenērent, iussit aggerem +exstruī, turrim et arietem admovērī. Neque oppidānīs<span class = +"tag">8</span> cōnsilium dēfuit. Aliī ignem et omne genus tēlōrum dē +mūrō in turrim coniēcērunt, aliī ingentia saxa in vīneās et arietem +dēvolvērunt. Diū utrimque ācerrimē +<span class = "pagenum">221</span> +<a name = "page221"> </a> +pugnātum est. Nē vulnerātī quidem pedem rettulērunt. Tandem, <span class += "tag">9</span>dē tertiā vigiliā, Pūblius, quem Caesar illī operī<span +class = "tag">10</span> praefēcerat, nūntiāvit partem<span class = +"tag">11</span> mūrī ictibus arietis labefactam concidisse. Quā rē +audītā Caesar signum dat; mīlitēs inruunt et magnā cum caede hostium +oppidum capiunt.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>oppidī expugnandī</b>. Is this a gerund or a gerundive +construction? Cf. <a href = "#sec501_37">§ 501. 37</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>ineant</b>. <a href = "#sec501_50">§ 501. 50</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>ūnus</b>. subj. of <b>inquit</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>sit</b>. This is a so-called subjunctive by attraction, which +means that the clause beginning with <b>ubi</b> stands in such close +connection with the subjv. clause beginning with <b>ut</b>, that its +verb is attracted into the same mood.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. All these verbs are in the same construction.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>Hoc cōnsilium</b>, subj. of <b>placēret</b>. For the order cf. +<b>Haec cum</b>, etc., p. 215, l. 22, and note; <b>Id imperātor cum</b>, +p. 217, l. 8.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>memoriā</b>, abl. of means.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>oppidānīs</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_15">§ 501. 15</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. Between twelve and three o’clock in the morning. The night was +divided into four watches.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>operī</b>, <a href = "#sec501_15">§ 501. 15</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>partem</b>, subj. acc. of <b>concidisse</b>.</div> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic221.png" width = "246" height = "196" +alt = "siege towers, battering rams, siege shed"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +TURRES, ARIETES, VINEA</span></p> + +<p> +Postrīdiē eius diēī, hōc oppidō expugnātō, <span class = +"tag">12</span>captīvōrum quī nōbilissimī sunt ad imperātōrem ante +praetōrium<span class = "tag">13</span> addūcuntur. Ipse, lōrīcā aurātā +et paludāmentō purpureō īnsignis, captīvōs per interpretem in hunc modum +interrogat:<span class = "tag">14</span> Vōs quī estis<span class = +"tag">15</span>?</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Interpres.</span> Rogat imperātor quī +sītis.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Captīvī.</span> Fīliī rēgis sumus.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Interpres.</span> Dīcunt sē fīliōs esse +rēgis.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Imperātor.</span> Cūr mihi tantās iniūriās +intulistis?</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Interpres.</span> Rogat cūr sibi tantās +iniūriās intuleritis.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Captīvī.</span> Iniūriās eī nōn intulimus sed +prō patriā bellum gessimus. Semper voluimus Rōmānīs esse amīcī, sed +Rōmānī sine causā nōs domō patriāque expellere cōnātī sunt.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "smallcaps">Interpres.</span> <span class = +"tag">16</span>Negant sē iniūriās tibi intulisse, sed prō patriā bellum +gessisse. <span class = "tag">17</span>Semper sē voluisse amīcōs Rōmānīs +esse, sed Rōmānōs sine causā sē domō patriāque expellere cōnātōs +esse.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "pagenum">222</span> +<a name = "page222"> </a> +<span class = "smallcaps">Imperātor.</span> <span class = +"tag">18</span>Manēbitisne in reliquum tempus in fidē, hāc rebelliōne +condōnātā?</p> + +<p> +Tum vērō captīvī multīs cum lacrimīs iūrāvērunt sē in fidē mānsūrōs +esse, et Caesar eōs incolumīs domum dīmīsit.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>captīvōrum ... sunt</b>, <i>the noblest of the +captives</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. The general’s headquarters.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. Study carefully these direct questions, indirect questions, and +indirect statements.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +15. See Plate III, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#page148">p. +148</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +16. <b>Negant</b>, etc., <i>they say that they have not</i>, etc. +<b>Negant</b> is equivalent to <b>dīcunt nōn</b>, and the negative +modifies <b>intulisse</b>, but not the remainder of the indirect +statement.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +17. <b>Semper</b>, etc., <i>that they have always</i>, etc.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +18. <b>Manēbitisne in fidē</b>, <i>will you remain loyal?</i></div> + + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXXV" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXXV">LXXV.</a> +CIVIL WAR BREAKS OUT BETWEEN CÆSAR AND POMPEY · THE BATTLE OF +PHARSALIA</h6> + +<p> +Nē cōnfectō<span class = "tag">1</span> quidem bellō Gallicō, <span +class = "tag">2</span>bellum cīvīle inter Caesarem et Pompēium exortum +est. Nam Pompēius, quī summum imperium petēbat, senātuī persuāserat ut +Caesarem reī pūblicae hostem<span class = "tag">3</span> iūdicāret et +exercitum eius dīmittī iubēret. Quibus cognitīs rēbus Caesar exercitum +suum dīmittere recūsāvit, atque, hortātus mīlitēs ut ducem totiēns +victōrem ab inimīcōrum iniūriīs dēfenderent, imperāvit ut sē Rōmam +sequerentur. Summā cum alacritāte mīlitēs pāruērunt, et trānsitō +Rubicōne<span class = "tag">4</span> initium bellī cīvīlis +factum est.</p> + +<p> +Italiae urbēs quidem omnēs ferē <span class = "tag">5</span>rēbus +Caesaris favēbant et eum benignē excēpērunt. Quā rē commōtus Pompēius +ante Caesaris adventum Rōmā excessit et Brundisium<span class = +"tag">6</span> pervēnit, inde <span class = "tag">7</span>paucīs post +diēbus cum omnibus cōpiīs ad Ēpīrum mare trānsiit. Eum Caesar cum septem +legiōnibus et quīngentīs equitibus secūtus est, et īnsignis inter +Caesaris comitātum erat Pūblius.</p> + +<p> +Plūribus leviōribus proeliīs factīs, tandem cōpiae adversae ad +Pharsālum<span class = "tag">8</span> in Thessaliā sitam castra +posuērunt. Cum Pompeī exercitus +<span class = "pagenum">223</span> +<a name = "page223"> </a> +esset bis tantus quantus Caesaris, tamen erant multī quī veterānās +legiōnēs quae Gallōs et Germānōs superāverant vehementer timēbant. +Quōs<span class = "tag">9</span> <span class = "tag">10</span>ante +proelium commissum Labiēnus<span class = "tag">11</span> lēgātus, quī ab +Caesare nūper dēfēcerat, ita adlocūtus est: “<span class = +"tag">12</span>Nōlīte exīstimāre hunc esse exercitum veterānōrum +mīlitum. Omnibus interfuī proeliīs<span class = "tag">13</span> neque +temerē incognitam rem prōnūntiō. Perexigua pars illīus exercitūs quī +Gallōs superāvit adhūc superest. Magna pars occīsa est, multī domum +discessērunt, multī sunt relictī in Italiā. Hae cōpiae quās vidētis in +<span class = "tag">14</span>citeriōre Galliā nūper cōnscrīptae sunt.” +Haec<span class = "tag">15</span> cum dīxisset, iūrāvit sē nisi victōrem +in castra nōn reversūrum esse. <span class = "tag">16</span>Hoc idem +Pompēius et omnēs reliquī iūrāvērunt, et magnā spē et laetitiā, sīcut +certam ad victōriam, cōpiae ē castrīs exiērunt.</p> + +<p> +Item Caesar, animō<span class = "tag">17</span> ad dīmicandum parātus, +exercitum suum ēdūxit et septem cohortibus <span class = +"tag">18</span>praesidiō castrīs relictīs cōpiās triplicī aciē +īnstrūxit. Tum, mīlitibus studiō pugnae ārdentibus, tubā signum dedit. +Mīlitēs prōcurrērunt et pīlīs missīs gladiōs strīnxērunt. Neque vērō +virtūs hostibus dēfuit. Nam et tēla missa sustinuērunt et impetum +gladiōrum excēpērunt et ōrdinēs cōnservāvērunt. Utrimque diū et ācriter +pugnātum est nec quisquam pedem rettulit. Tum equitēs Pompēī aciem +Caesaris circumīre cōnātī sunt. Quod<span class = "tag">19</span> ubi +Caesar animadvertit, tertiam aciem,<span class = "tag">20</span> quae ad +id tempus quiēta fuerat, prōcurrere iussit. Tum vērō integrōrum +impetum<span class = "tag">21</span> dēfessī hostēs sustinēre nōn +potuērunt et omnēs terga vertērunt. Sed Pompēius dē fortūnīs suīs +dēspērāns sē in castra equō contulit, inde mox cum paucīs equitibus +effūgit.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. With <b>nē ... quidem</b> the emphatic word stands between the +two.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. The Civil War was caused by the jealousy and rivalry between Cæsar +and Pompey. It resulted in the defeat and subsequent death of Pompey and +the elevation of Cæsar to the lordship of the Roman world.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>hostem</b>, predicate accusative, <a href = +"#sec501_22">§ 501. 22</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. The Rubicon was a small stream in northern Italy that marked the +boundary of Cæsar’s province. By crossing it with an armed force Cæsar +declared war upon Pompey and the existing government. Cæsar crossed the +Rubicon early in the year 49 B.C.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>rēbus Caesaris favēbant</b>, <i>favored Cæsar’s side</i>. In what +case is <b>rēbus</b>?</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. <b>Brundisium</b>, a famous port in southern Italy whence ships +sailed for Greece and the East. See map.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. <b>paucīs post diēbus</b>, <i>a few days later</i>; literally, +<i>afterguards by a few days</i>. Cf. <b>paucīs ante annīs</b>, p. 213, +l. 12, and note.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. The battle of Pharsalia was fought on August 9, 48 B.C. In importance +it ranks as one of the great battles of the world.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. <b>Quōs</b>, obj. of <b>adlocūtus est</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>ante proelium commissum</b>, <i>before the beginning of the +battle</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +11. <b>Labiēnus</b>, Cæsar’s most faithful and skillful lieutenant in +the Gallic War. On the outbreak of the Civil War, in 49 B.C., he +deserted Cæsar and joined Pompey. His defection caused the greatest joy +among the Pompeian party; but he disappointed the expectations of his +new friends, and never accomplished anything of importance. He fought +against his old commander in several battles and was slain at the battle +of Munda in Spain, 45 B.C.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>Nōlīte exīstimāre</b>, <i>don´t think</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>proeliīs</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_15">§ 501. 15</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. <b>citeriōre Galliā</b>. This name is applied to Cisalpine Gaul, or +Gaul south of the Alps.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +15. <b>Haec</b>, obj. of <b>dīxisset</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +16. <b>Hoc idem</b>, obj. of <b>iūrāvērunt</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +17. <b>animō</b>, <a href = "#sec501_30">§ 501. 30</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +18. <b>praesidiō castrīs</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_17">§ 501. 17</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +19. <b>Quod</b>, obj. of <b>animadvertit</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +20. <b>aciem</b>, subj. of <b>prōcurrere</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +21. <b>impetum</b>, obj. of <b>sustinēre</b>.</div> + +<span class = "pagenum">224</span> +<a name = "page224"> </a> + +<h6 class = "subchap"><a name = "reading_LXXVI" href = +"LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXXVI">LXXVI.</a> +THE TRIUMPH OF CAESAR</h6> + +<p class = "illustration floatleft"> +<img src = "../images/pic224.png" width = "119" height = "295" +alt = "standard-bearer"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +SIGNIFER</span></p> + +<p> +Pompēiō amīcīsque eius superātīs atque omnibus hostibus ubīque victīs, +Caesar imperātor Rōmam rediit et <span class = "tag">1</span>extrā +moenia urbis in campō Mārtiō castra posuit. Tum vērō amplissimīs +honōribus adfectus est. Dictātor creātus est, et eī triumphus ā senātū +est dēcrētus. <span class = "tag">2</span>Quō diē de Gallīs triumphum +ēgit, tanta multitūdō hominum in urbem undique cōnflūxit <span class = +"tag">3</span>ut omnia loca essent cōnferta. Templa patēbant, ārae +fūmābant, columnae sertīs ōrnātae erant. <span class = "tag">4</span>Cum +vērō pompa urbem intrāret, quantus hominum fremitus ortus est! Prīmum +per portam ingressī sunt senātus et magistrātūs. Secūtī sunt tībīcinēs, +signiferī, peditēs laureā corōnātī canentēs: “Ecce Caesar nunc +triumphat, quī subēgit Galliam,” et “Mīlle, mīlle, mīlle, mīlle Gallōs +trucīdāvimus.” Multī praedam captārum urbium portābant, arma, omnia +bellī īnstrūmenta. Secūtī sunt equitēs, animōsīs atque splendidissimē +ōrnātīs equīs vectī, inter quōs Pūblius adulēscēns fortissimus +habēbātur. Addūcēbantur taurī, arietēs, <span class = "tag">5</span>quī +dīs immortālibus immolārentur. Ita longō agmine prōgrediēns exercitus +<span class = "tag">6</span>sacrā viā per forum in Capitōlium +perrēxit.</p> + +<p class = "clear"> </p> + +<p class = "illustration floatright"> +<img src = "../images/pic225.png" width = "303" height = "403" +alt = "lictors with fasces"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +LICTORES CUM FASCIBUS</span></p> + +<p> +Imperātor ipse cum urbem intrāret, undique laetō clāmōre multitūdinis +salūtātus est. Stābat in currū aureō quem quattuor albī equī vehēbant. +Indūtus <span class = "tag">7</span>togā pictā, alterā manū habēnās et +lauream +<span class = "pagenum">225</span> +<a name = "page225"> </a> +tenēbat, alterā eburneum scēptrum. Post eum servus in currū stāns auream +corōnam super caput eius tenēbat. Ante currum miserrimī captīvī, rēgēs +prīncipēsque superātārum gentium, catēnīs vīnctī, prōgrediēbantur; et +vīgintī quattuor līctōrēs<span class = "tag">8</span> laureatās fascīs +ferentēs et signiferī currum Caesaris comitābantur. Conclūdit agmen +multitūdō captīvōrum, quī, in servitūtem redāctī,<span class = +"tag">9</span> dēmissō vultū, vīnctīs<span class = "tag">10</span> +bracchiīs, sequuntur; quibuscum veniunt longissimō ōrdine mīlitēs, etiam +hī praedam vel insignia mīlitāria ferentēs.</p> + +<p> +Caesar cum Capitōlium ascendisset, in templō Iovī Capitōlīnō sacra +fēcit. Simul<span class = "tag">11</span> captivōrum quī nōbilissimī +erant, abductī in carcerem,<span class = "tag">12</span> interfectī +sunt. Sacrīs factīs Caesar dē Capitōliō dēscendit et in forō mīitibus +suīs honōrēs mīlitārīs dedit eīsque pecūniam ex bellī praedā +distribuit.</p> + +<p> +Hīs omnibus rēbus cōnfectīs, Pūblius Caesarem valēre<span class = +"tag">13</span> iussit et quam celerrimē ad vīllam contendit ut patrem +mātremque salūtāret.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "tag">15</span>Dē rēbus gestīs P. Cornēlī Lentulī +hāctenus.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. A victorious general with his army was not allowed to enter the city +until the day of his triumph. A triumph was the greatest of all military +honors.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. <b>Quō diē</b>, <i>on the day that</i>, abl. of time.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +3. <b>ut ... essent</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_43">§ 501. 43</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +4. <b>Cum ... intrāret</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_46">§ 501. 46</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +5. <b>quī ... immolārentur</b>, <a href = +"#sec501_40">§ 501. 40</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +6. The Sacred Way was a noted street running along one side of the Forum +to the base of the Capitoline Hill, on whose summit stood the +magnificent temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. This route was always +followed by triumphal processions.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +7. The <b>toga picta</b> worn by a general in his triumph was a splendid +robe of Tyrian purple covered with golden stars. See Plate IV, <a href = +"#page213">p. 213</a>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +8. The lictors were a guard of honor that attended the higher +magistrates and made a way for them through the streets. On their +shoulders they carried the <i>fasces</i>, a bundle of rods with an ax in +the middle, symbolizing the power of the law.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +9. <b>dēmissō vultū</b>, <i>with downcast countenance</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +10. <b>vīnctīs</b>, from <b>vinciō</b>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. <b>Simul</b>, etc., <i>At the same time those of the captives who +were the noblest.</i></div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +12. The prison was a gloomy dungeon on the lower slopes of the +Capitoline Hill.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +13. <b>valēre iussit</b>, <i>bade farewell to</i>.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +14. This sentence marks the end of the story.</div> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">226</span> +<a name = "page226"> </a> +<h3><a name = "inflections">APPENDIX I</a></h3> + +<h4>DECLENSIONS, CONJUGATIONS, NUMERALS, ETC.</h4> + +<h5 class = "section">NOUNS</h5> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec460"><b>460.</b></a> +Nouns are inflected in five declensions, distinguished by the final +letter of the stem and by the termination of the genitive singular.</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "smallcaps">First Declension—</span><b>Ā-</b>stems, +Gen. Sing. <b>-ae</b></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Second Declension—</span><b>O-</b>stems, +Gen. Sing. <b>-ī</b></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Third Declension—</span>Consonant stems +and <b>I-</b>stems, Gen. Sing. <b>-is</b></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Fourth Declension—</span><b>U-</b>stems, +Gen. Sing. <b>-ūs</b></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Fifth Declension—</span><b>Ē-</b>stems, +Gen. Sing. <b>-ē̆ī</b></p> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec461"><b>461.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">FIRST DECLENSION. <i>Ā</i>-STEMS</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<b>domina</b>, <i>lady</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> <b>dominā-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>domin-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>a</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +<td>domin<b>ae</b></td> +<td><b>-ae</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>ae</b></td> +<td><b>-ae</b></td> +<td>domin<b>ārum</b></td> +<td><b>-ārum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>ae</b></td> +<td><b>-ae</b></td> +<td>domin<b>īs</b></td> +<td><b>-īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>am</b></td> +<td><b>-am</b></td> +<td>domin<b>ās</b></td> +<td><b>-ās</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>ā</b></td> +<td><b>-ā</b></td> +<td>domin<b>īs</b></td> +<td><b>-īs</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>a.</i> <b>Dea</b> and <b>fīlia</b> have the termination <b>-ābus</b> +in the dative and ablative plural.</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">227</span> +<a name = "page227"> </a> +<a name = "sec462"><b>462.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">SECOND DECLENSION. <i>O</i>-STEMS</span></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>a.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Masculines in</span> <b>-us</b> +</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<b>dominus</b>, <i>master</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> <b>domino-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>domin-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>us</b></td> +<td><b>-us</b></td> +<td>domin<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +<td>domin<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td><b>-ōrum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>ō</b></td> +<td><b>-ō</b></td> +<td>domin<b>īs</b></td> +<td><b>-īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +<td>domin<b>ōs</b></td> +<td><b>-ōs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>domin<b>ō</b></td> +<td><b>-ō</b></td> +<td>domin<b>īs</b></td> +<td><b>-īs</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>1. Nouns in <b>-us</b> of the second declension have the termination +<b>-e´</b> in the vocative singular, as <b>domine</b>.</p> + +<p>2. Proper names in <b>-ius</b>, and <b>filius</b>, end in <b>-ī</b> +in the vocative singular, and the accent rests on the penult, as +<b>Vergi´lī, fīlī</b>.</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>b.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Neuters in</span> <b>-um</b> +</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<b>pīlum</b>, <i>spear</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> +<b>pīlo-</b> <span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>pīl-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>pīl<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +<td>pīl<b>a</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>pīl<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +<td>pīl<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td><b>-ōrum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>pīl<b>ō</b></td> +<td><b>-ō</b></td> +<td>pīl<b>īs</b></td> +<td><b>-īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>pīl<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +<td>pīl<b>a</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>pīl<b>ō</b></td> +<td><b>-ō</b></td> +<td>pīl<b>īs</b></td> +<td><b>-īs</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>1. Masculines in <b>-ius</b> and neuters in <b>-ium</b> end in +<b>-ī</b> in the genitive singular, <i>not</i> in <b>-iī</b>, and the +accent rests on the penult.</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>c.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Masculines in</span> <b>-er</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">AND</span> <b>-ir</b> +</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>puer</b>, <i>boy</i></td> +<td><b>ager</b>, <i>field</i></td> +<td><b>vir</b>, <i>man</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Stems</th> +<td><b>puero-</b></td> +<td><b>agro-</b></td> +<td><b>viro-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Bases</th> +<td><b>puer-</b></td> +<td><b>agr-</b></td> +<td><b>vir-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>puer</td> +<td>ager</td> +<td>vir</td> +<td>—</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ī</b></td> +<td>agr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>vir<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ō</b></td> +<td>agr<b>ō</b></td> +<td>vir<b>ō</b></td> +<td><b>-ō</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>um</b></td> +<td>agr<b>um</b></td> +<td>vir<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ō</b></td> +<td>agr<b>ō</b></td> +<td>vir<b>ō</b></td> +<td><b>-ō</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum">228</span> +<a name = "page228"> </a> +</td> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ī</b></td> +<td>agr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>vir<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ō</b>rum</td> +<td>agr<b>ō</b>rum</td> +<td>vir<b>ō</b>rum</td> +<td><b>-ō</b>rum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ī</b>s</td> +<td>agr<b>ī</b>s</td> +<td>vir<b>ī</b>s</td> +<td><b>-ī</b>s</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ō</b>s</td> +<td>agr<b>ō</b>s</td> +<td>vir<b>ō</b>s</td> +<td><b>-ō</b>s</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>puer<b>ī</b>s</td> +<td>agr<b>ī</b>s</td> +<td>vir<b>ī</b>s</td> +<td><b>-ī</b>s</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec463"><b>463.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">THIRD DECLENSION.</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead" rowspan = "2"> +CLASSIFICATION +</td> +<td class = "sidehead">I. Consonant Stems</td> +<td> +<p class = "hanging"> +1. Stems that add <b>-s</b> to the base to form the nominative singular: +masculines and feminines only. +</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +2. Stems that add no termination in the nominitive singular: <i>a.</i> +masculines and feminines; <i>b.</i> neuters. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>II. <i>I</i>-Stems.</th> +<td>Masculines, feminines, and neuters.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec464"><b>464.</b></a> +<span class = "midcaps">I. CONSONANT STEMS</span></p> +<!--all capped in fact--> + +<p>1. <i>Nouns that add <b>-s</b> to the base to form the nominative +singular: masculines and feminines only</i></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>prīnceps</b>, m., <i>chief</i></td> +<td><b>mīles</b>, m., <i>soldier</i></td> +<td><b>lapis</b>, m., <i>stone</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead smaller">Bases or<br> +Stems</td> +<td class = "middle"><b>prīncip-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>mīlit-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>lapid-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>prīncep<b>s</b></td> +<td>mīle<b>s</b></td> +<td>lapi<b>s</b></td> +<td><b>-s</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>prīn´cip<b>is</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>is</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>is</b></td> +<td><b>-is</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>prīn´cip<b>ī</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>ī</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>prīn´cip<b>em</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>em</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>em</b></td> +<td><b>-em</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>prīn´cip<b>e</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>e</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>e</b></td> +<td><b>-e</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>prīn´cip<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>prīn´cip<b>um</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>um</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>prīnci´p<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>prīn´cip<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>prīnci´p<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>mīlit<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>lapid<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "5"> <br></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>rēx</b>, m., <i>king</i></td> +<td><b>iūdex</b>, m., <i>judge</i></td> +<td><b>virtūs</b>, f., <i>manliness</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead smaller">Bases or<br> +Stems</td> +<td class = "middle"><b>rēg-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>iūdic-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>virtūt-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>rēx</td> +<td>iūdex</td> +<td>virtū<b>s</b></td> +<td><b>-s</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>is</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>is</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>is</b></td> +<td><b>-is</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>ī</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>ī</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>em</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>em</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>em</b></td> +<td><b>-em</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>e</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>e</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>e</b></td> +<td><b>-e</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>um</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>um</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>rēg<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>iūdic<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>virtū´t<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Note.</span> For consonant changes in the +nominative singular, cf. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec233">§ 233. 3</a>.</p> + +<p>2. <i>Nouns that have no termination in the nominative +singular</i></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>a.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Masculines and Feminines</span> +</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>cōnsul</b>, m., <i>consul</i></td> +<td><b>legiō</b>, f., <i>legion</i></td> +<td><b>ōrdō</b>, m., <i>row</i></td> +<td><b>pater</b>, m., <i>father</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead smaller">Bases or<br> +Stems</td> +<td class = "middle"><b>cōnsul-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>legiōn-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>ōrdin-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>patr-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul</td> +<td>legiō</td> +<td>ōrdō</td> +<td>pater</td> +<td>—</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>is</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>is</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>is</b></td> +<td>patr<b>is</b></td> +<td><b>-is</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>ī</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>ī</b></td> +<td>patr<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>em</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>em</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>em</b></td> +<td>patr<b>em</b></td> +<td><b>-em</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>e</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>e</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>e</b></td> +<td>patr<b>e</b></td> +<td><b>-e</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Plural</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>patr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>um</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>um</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>um</b></td> +<td>patr<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>patr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>patr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>cōnsul<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>legiōn<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>ōrdin<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>patr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Note.</span> For vowel and consonant changes +in the nominative singular, cf. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec236">§ 236. 1-3</a>.</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "pagenum">230</span> +<a name = "page230"> </a> +<i>b.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Neuters</span> +</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>flūmen</b>, n., <i>river</i></td> +<td><b>tempus</b>, n., <i>time</i></td> +<td><b>opus</b>, n., <i>work</i></td> +<td><b>caput</b>, n., <i>head</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead smaller">Bases or<br> +Stems</td> +<td class = "middle"><b>flūmin-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>tempor-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>oper-</b></td> +<td class = "middle"><b>capit-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>flūmen</td> +<td>tempus</td> +<td>opus</td> +<td>caput</td> +<td>—</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>is</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>is</b></td> +<td>oper<b>is</b></td> +<td>capit<b>is</b> -is</td> +<td><b>-is</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>ī</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>ī</b></td> +<td>oper<b>ī</b></td> +<td>capit<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>flūmen</td> +<td>tempus</td> +<td>opus</td> +<td>caput</td> +<td>—</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>e</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>e</b></td> +<td>oper<b>e</b></td> +<td>capit<b>e</b></td> +<td><b>-e</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Plural</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>a</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>a</b></td> +<td>oper<b>a</b></td> +<td>capit<b>a</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>um</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>um</b></td> +<td>oper<b>um</b></td> +<td>capit<b>um</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>oper<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>capit<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>a</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>a</b></td> +<td>oper<b>a</b></td> +<td>capit<b>a</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>flūmin<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>tempor<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>oper<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>capit<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Note.</span> For vowel and consonant changes +in the nominative singular, cf. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec238">§ 238. 2, 3</a>.</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec465"><b>465.</b></a> +<span class = "midcaps">II. <i>I</i>-STEMS</span></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>a.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Masculines and Feminines</span> +</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>caedēs</b>, f., <i>slaughter</i></td> +<td><b>hostis</b>, m., <i>enemy</i></td> +<td><b>urbs</b>, f., <i>city</i></td> +<td><b>cliēns</b>, m., <i>retainer</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Stems</th> +<td><b>caedi-</b></td> +<td><b>hosti-</b></td> +<td><b>urbi-</b></td> +<td><b>clienti-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Bases</th> +<td><b>caed-</b></td> +<td><b>host-</b></td> +<td><b>urb-</b></td> +<td><b>client-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>host<b>is</b></td> +<td>urb<b>s</b></td> +<td>cliēn<b>s</b></td> +<td><b>-s, -is</b>, <i>or</i> <b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>is</b></td> +<td>host<b>is</b></td> +<td>urb<b>is</b></td> +<td>client<b>is</b></td> +<td><b>-is</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>ī</b></td> +<td>host<b>ī</b></td> +<td>urb<b>ī</b></td> +<td>client<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>em</b></td> +<td>host<b>em</b></td> +<td>urb<b>em</b></td> +<td>client<b>em</b></td> +<td><b>-em</b> (<b>-im</b>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>e</b></td> +<td>host<b>e</b></td> +<td>urb<b>e</b></td> +<td>client<b>e</b></td> +<td><b>-e</b> (<b>-ī</b>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Plural</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>host<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>urb<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>client<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>ium</b></td> +<td>host<b>ium</b></td> +<td>urb<b>ium</b></td> +<td>client<b>ium</b></td> +<td><b>-ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>host<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>urb<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>client<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>host<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>urb<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>client<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-īs, -ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>caed<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>host<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>urb<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>client<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>1. <b>Avis</b>, <b>cīvis</b>, <b>fīnis</b>, <b>ignis</b>, +<b>nāvis</b>, have the abl. sing. in <b>-ī</b> or <b>-e</b>.</p> + +<p>2. <b>Turris</b> has accusative <b>turrim</b> and ablative +<b>turrī</b> or <b>turre</b>.</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "pagenum">231</span> +<a name = "page231"> </a> +<i>b.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Neuters</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>īnsigne</b>, n., <i>decoration</i></td> +<td><b>animal</b>, n., <i>animal</i></td> +<td><b>calcar</b>, n., <i>spur</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Stems</th> +<td><b>īnsigni-</b></td> +<td><b>animāli-</b></td> +<td><b>calcāri-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Bases</th> +<td><b>īnsign-</b></td> +<td><b>animāl-</b></td> +<td><b>calcār-</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>e</b></td> +<td>animal</td> +<td>calcar</td> +<td><b>-e</b> <i>or</i> —</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>is</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>is</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>is</b></td> +<td><b>-is</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>ī</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>ī</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>e</b></td> +<td>animal</td> +<td>calcar</td> +<td><b>-e</b> <i>or</i> —</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>ī</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>ī</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>ī</b></td> +<td><b>-ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>ia</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>ia</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>ia</b></td> +<td><b>-ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>ium</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>ium</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>ium</b></td> +<td><b>-ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>ia</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>ia</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>ia</b></td> +<td><b>-ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>īnsign<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>animāl<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>calcār<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec466"><b>466.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">THE FOURTH DECLENSION. <i>U</i>-STEMS</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>adventus</b>, m., <i>arrival</i></td> +<td><b>cornū</b>, n., <i>horn</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Stems</th> +<td><b>adventu-</b></td> +<td><b>cornu-</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Bases</th> +<td><b>advent-</b></td> +<td><b>corn-</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2" rowspan = "2">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest" colspan = "2">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallest">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smallest">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>us</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ū</b></td> +<td><b>-us</b></td> +<td><b>-ū</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>ūs</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ūs</b></td> +<td><b>-ūs</b></td> +<td><b>-ūs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>uī</b> (<b>ū</b>)</td> +<td>corn<b>ū</b></td> +<td><b>-uī</b> (<b>ū</b>)</td> +<td><b>-ū</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>um</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ū</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +<td><b>-ū</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>ū</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ū</b></td> +<td><b>-ū</b></td> +<td><b>-ū</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>ūs</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ua</b></td> +<td><b>-ūs</b></td> +<td><b>-ua</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>uum</b></td> +<td>corn<b>uum</b></td> +<td><b>-uum</b></td> +<td><b>-uum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>ūs</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ua</b></td> +<td><b>-ūs</b></td> +<td><b>-ua</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>advent<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>corn<b>ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +<td><b>-ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">232</span> +<a name = "page232"> </a> +<a name = "sec467"><b>467.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">THE FIFTH DECLENSION. <i>Ē</i>-STEMS</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>diēs</b>, m., <i>day</i></td> +<td><b>rēs</b>, f. <i>thing</i></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Stems</th> +<td><b>diē-</b></td> +<td><b>rē-</b> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Bases</th> +<td><b>di-</b></td> +<td><b>r-</b> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<td class = "smallest">TERMINATIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>r<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ēī</b></td> +<td>r<b>eī</b></td> +<td><b>-ē̆ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ēī</b></td> +<td>r<b>eī</b></td> +<td><b>-ē̆ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>di<b>em</b></td> +<td>r<b>em</b></td> +<td><b>-em</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ē</b></td> +<td>r<b>ē</b></td> +<td><b>-ē</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>r<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ērum</b></td> +<td>r<b>ērum</b></td> +<td><b>-ērum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ēbus</b></td> +<td>r<b>ēbus</b></td> +<td><b>-ēbus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>r<b>ēs</b></td> +<td><b>-ēs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>di<b>ēbus</b></td> +<td>r<b>ēbus</b></td> +<td><b>-ēbus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec468"><b>468.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">SPECIAL PARADIGMS</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>deus</b>, m., <i>god</i></td> +<td><b>domus</b>, f., <i>house</i></td> +<td><b>vīs</b>, f., <i>strength</i></td> +<td><b>iter</b>, n., <i>way</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Stems</th> +<td><b>deo-</b></td> +<td><b>domu-</b></td> +<td><b>vī-</b> and <b>vīri-</b></td> +<td><b>iter-</b> and <b>itiner-</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th class = "smaller">Bases</th> +<td><b>de-</b></td> +<td><b>dom-</b></td> +<td><b>v-</b> and <b>vīr-</b></td> +<td><b>iter-</b> and <b>itiner-</b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>de<b>us</b></td> +<td>dom<b>us</b></td> +<td>v<b>īs</b></td> +<td>iter</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>de<b>ī</b></td> +<td>dom<b>ūs</b></td> +<td>v<b>īs</b> (rare)</td> +<td>itiner<b>is</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>de<b>ō</b></td> +<td>dom<b>uī, -ō</b></td> +<td>v<b>ī</b> (rare)</td> +<td>itiner<b>ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>de<b>um</b></td> +<td>dom<b>um</b></td> +<td>v<b>im</b></td> +<td>iter</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>de<b>ō</b></td> +<td>dom<b>ō, -ū</b></td> +<td>v<b>ī</b></td> +<td>itiner<b>e</b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>de<b>ī</b>, d<b>ī</b></td> +<td>dom<b>ūs</b></td> +<td>vīr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>itiner<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>de<b>ōrum</b>, de<b>um</b></td> +<td>dom<b>uum, -ōrum</b></td> +<td>vīr<b>ium</b></td> +<td>itiner<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>de<b>īs</b>, d<b>īs</b></td> +<td>dom<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>vīr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>itiner<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>de<b>ōs</b></td> +<td>dom<b>ōs, -ūs</b></td> +<td>vīr<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>itiner<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>de<b>īs</b>, d<b>īs</b></td> +<td>dom<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>vīr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>itiner<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>a.</i> The vocative singular of <b>deus</b> is like the +nominative.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>b.</i> The locative of <b>domus</b> is <b>domī</b>.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">233</span> +<a name = "page233"> </a> +<h5 class = "section">ADJECTIVES</h5> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec469"><b>469.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. <i>O</i>- AND +<i>Ā</i>-STEMS</span></p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>a.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Adjectives in</span> <b>-us</b></p> + + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<b>bonus</b>, <i>good</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stems</span> <b>bono-</b> m. and n., +<b>bona-</b> f. +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>bon-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>us</b></td> +<td>bon<b>a</b></td> +<td>bon<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>ī</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ae</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>ō</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ae</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ō</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>um</b></td> +<td>bon<b>am</b></td> +<td>bon<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>ō</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ā</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ō</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>ī</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ae</b></td> +<td>bon<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ārum</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ōrum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>īs</b></td> +<td>bon<b>īs</b></td> +<td>bon<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>ōs</b></td> +<td>bon<b>ās</b></td> +<td>bon<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>bon<b>īs</b></td> +<td>bon<b>īs</b></td> +<td>bon<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "inset"> +<i>b.</i> <span class = "smallcaps">Adjectives in</span> <b>-er</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<b>līber</b>, <i>free</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stems</span> <b>lībero-</b> m. and n., +<b>līberā-</b> f. +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>līber-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>līber</td> +<td>līber<b>a</b></td> +<td>līber<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>ī</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ae</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>ō</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ae</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ō</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>um</b></td> +<td>līber<b>am</b></td> +<td>līber<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>ō</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ā</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ō</b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>ī</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ae</b></td> +<td>līber<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ārum</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ōrum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>īs</b></td> +<td>līber<b>īs</b></td> +<td>līber<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>ōs</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ās</b></td> +<td>līber<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>līber<b>īs</b></td> +<td>līber<b>īs</b></td> +<td>līber<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">234</span> +<a name = "page234"> </a> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<b>pulcher</b>, <i>pretty</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stems</span> <b>pulchro-</b> m. and n., +<b>pulchrā-</b> f. +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>pulchr-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>pulcher</td> +<td>pulchr<b>a</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ae</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ō</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ae</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ō</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>um</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>am</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ō</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ā</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ō</b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ae</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ārum</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ōrum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>īs</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>īs</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ōs</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ās</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>pulchr<b>īs</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>īs</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec470"><b>470.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">THE NINE IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>alius</b>, <i>another</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stems</span> <b>alio-</b> m. and n., +<b>aliā-</b> f. +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>ali-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>ali<b>us</b></td> +<td>ali<b>a</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ud</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ae</b></td> +<td>ali<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>alī<b>us</b></td> +<td>alī<b>us</b></td> +<td>alī<b>us</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ārum</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ōrum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>ali<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ali<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ali<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ali<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>ali<b>um</b></td> +<td>ali<b>am</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ud</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ōs</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ās</b></td> +<td>ali<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>ali<b>ō</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ā</b></td> +<td>ali<b>ō</b></td> +<td>ali<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ali<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ali<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>ūnus</b>, <i>one, only</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stems</span> <b>ūno-</b> m. and n., +<b>ūnā-</b> f. +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>ūn-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>ūn<b>us</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>a</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>um</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ae</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>ūn<b>īus</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īus</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īus</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ārum</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ōrum</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>ūn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>ūn<b>um</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>am</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>um</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ōs</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ās</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>ūn<b>ō</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ā</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>ō</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īs</b></td> +<td>ūn<b>īs</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>a.</i> For the complete list see +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>.</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">235</span> +<a name = "page235"> </a> +<a name = "sec471"><b>471.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. +<i>I</i>-STEMS</span></p> + +<h5>I. THREE ENDINGS</h5> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "3"> +<b>ācer, ācris, ācre</b>, <i>keen, eager</i> +</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "3"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> <b>ācri-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>ācr-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>ācer</td> +<td>ācr<b>is</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>e</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>ācr<b>is</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>is</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>is</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ium</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ium</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>ācr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>ācr<b>em</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>em</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>e</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>ācr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>ācr<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>II. TWO ENDINGS</h5> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<b>omnis, omne</b>, <i>every, all</i> +</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> <b>omni-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>omn-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>omn<b>is</b></td> +<td>omn<b>e</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>omn<b>is</b></td> +<td>omn<b>is</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ium</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>omn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>omn<b>em</b></td> +<td>omn<b>e</b></td> +<td>omn<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>omn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ī</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>omn<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>III. ONE ENDING</h5> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<b>pār</b>, <i>equal</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> <b>pari-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>par-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>pār</td> +<td>pār</td> +<td>par<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>par<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>par<b>is</b></td> +<td>par<b>is</b></td> +<td>par<b>ium</b></td> +<td>par<b>ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>par<b>ī</b></td> +<td>par<b>ī</b></td> +<td>par<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>par<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>par<b>em</b></td> +<td>pār</td> +<td>par<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>par<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>par<b>ī</b></td> +<td>par<b>ī</b></td> +<td>par<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>par<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +1. Observe that all i-stem adjectives have <b>-ī</b> in the ablative +singular.</p> + +<div class = "mynote"> +This sentence appears to be a footnote, but there is no footnote tag +on the page.</div> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">236</span> +<a name = "page236"> </a> +<a name = "sec472"><b>472.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLES</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<b>amāns</b>, <i>loving</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> <b>amanti-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>amant-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>amāns</td> +<td>amāns</td> +<td>amant<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>amant<b>is</b></td> +<td>amant<b>is</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ium</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>amant<b>ī</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ī</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>amant<b>em</b></td> +<td>amāns</td> +<td>amant<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>amant<b>e, -ī</b></td> +<td>amant<b>e, -ī</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>amant<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<b>iēns</b>, <i>going</i> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stem</span> <b>ienti-, eunti-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Base</span> <b>ient-, eunt-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>iēns</td> +<td>iēns</td> +<td>eunt<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>eunt<b>is</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>is</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ium</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>eunt<b>ī</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ī</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>eunt<b>em</b></td> +<td>iēns</td> +<td>eunt<b>īs, -ēs</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>eunt<b>e, -ī</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>e, -ī</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>eunt<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec473"><b>473.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">REGULAR COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th>Positive</th> +<th colspan = "2">Comparative</th> +<th colspan = "3">Superlative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>altus (alto-)</td> +<td>alt<b>ior</b></td> +<td>alt<b>ius</b></td> +<td>alt<b>issimus</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>līber (lībero-)</td> +<td>līber<b>ior</b></td> +<td>līber<b>ius</b></td> +<td>līber<b>rimus</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>pulcher (pulchro-)</td> +<td>pulchr<b>ior</b></td> +<td>pulchr<b>ius</b></td> +<td>pulcher<b>rimus</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audāx (audāci-)</td> +<td>audāc<b>ior</b></td> +<td>audāc<b>ius</b></td> +<td>audāc<b>issimus</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>brevis (brevi-)</td> +<td>brev<b>ior</b></td> +<td>brev<b>ius</b></td> +<td>brev<b>issimus</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ācer (ācri-)</td> +<td>ācrior</td> +<td>ācrius</td> +<td>ācer<b>rimus</b></td> +<td><b>-a</b></td> +<td><b>-um</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec474"><b>474.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">DECLENSION OF COMPARATIVES</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "5"> +<b>altior</b>, <i>higher</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "2">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>altior</td> +<td>altius</td> +<td>altiōr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>altiōr<b>is</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>is</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>um</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>altiōr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>ī</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>altiōr<b>em</b></td> +<td>altius</td> +<td>altiōr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>altiōr<b>e</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>e</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>altiōr<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "5"> +<span class = "pagenum">237</span> +<a name = "page237"> </a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "5"> +<b>plūs</b>, <i>more</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>——</td> +<td>plūs</td> +<td>plūr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>plūr<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>——</td> +<td>plūr<b>is</b></td> +<td>plūr<b>ium</b></td> +<td>plūr<b>ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>——</td> +<td>——</td> +<td>plūr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>plūr<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>——</td> +<td>plūs</td> +<td>plūr<b>īs</b> (<b>-ēs</b>)</td> +<td>plūr<b>a</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>——</td> +<td>plūr<b>e</b></td> +<td>plūr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>plūr<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec475"><b>475.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">IRREGULAR COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th>Positive</th> +<th>Comparative</th> +<th colspan = "2">Superlative</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>bon<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>good</i></td> +<td>mel<b>ior</b>, mel<b>ius</b>, <i>better</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +opt<b>imus, -a, -um</b>, <i>best</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mal<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>bad</i></td> +<td>pe<b>ior</b>, pe<b>ius</b>, <i>worse</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +pess<b>imus, -a, -um</b>, <i>worst</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>magn<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>great</i></td> +<td>ma<b>ior</b>, ma<b>ius</b>, <i>greater</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +max<b>imus, -a, -um</b>, <i>greatest</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mult<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>much</i></td> +<td>——, plūs, <i>more</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +plūr<b>imus, -a, -um</b>, <i>most</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>parv<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>small</i></td> +<td>min<b>or</b>, min<b>us</b>, <i>smaller</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +min<b>imus, -a, -um</b>, <i>smallest</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>sen<b>ex</b>, sen<b>is</b>, <i>old</i></td> +<td>sen<b>ior</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">max<b>imus</b> nātū</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>iuven<b>is, -e</b>, <i>young</i></td> +<td>iūn<b>ior</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">min<b>imus</b> nātū</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>vet<b>us</b>, vet<b>eris</b>, <i>old</i></td> +<td>vetust<b>ior, -ius</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +veter<b>rimus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>facil<b>is, -e</b>, <i>easy</i></td> +<td>facil<b>ior, -ius</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +facil<b>limus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>difficil<b>is, -e</b>, <i>difficult</i></td> +<td>difficil<b>ior, -ius</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +difficil<b>limus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>simil<b>is, -e</b>, <i>similar</i></td> +<td>simil<b>ior, -ius</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +simil<b>limus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>dissimil<b>is, -e</b>, <i>dissimilar</i></td> +<td>dissimil<b>ior, -ius</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +dissimil<b>limus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>humil<b>is, -e</b>, <i>low</i></td> +<td>humil<b>ior, -ius</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +humil<b>limus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>gracil<b>is, -e</b>, <i>slender</i></td> +<td>gracil<b>ior, -ius</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +gracil<b>limus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle">exter<b>us</b>, <i>outward</i></td> +<td class = "middle">exter<b>ior</b>, <i>outer, exterior</i></td> +<td>extrē<b>mus</b><br> +ext<b>imus</b></td> +<td class = "middle leftline"><i>outermost, last</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle">īnfer<b>us</b>, <i>below</i></td> +<td class = "middle">īnfer<b>ior</b>, <i>lower</i></td> +<td>īnf<b>imus</b><br> +<b>īmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle leftline"><i>lowest</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle">poster<b>us</b>, <i>following</i></td> +<td class = "middle">poster<b>ior</b>, <i>later</i></td> +<td>postrē<b>mus</b><br> +post<b>umus</b></td> +<td class = "middle leftline"><i>last</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle">super<b>us</b>, <i>above</i></td> +<td class = "middle">super<b>ior</b>, <i>higher</i></td> +<td>suprē<b>mus</b><br> +sum<b>mus</b></td> +<td class = "middle leftline"><i>highest</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>[cis, citrā, <i>on this side</i>]</td> +<td>citer<b>ior</b>, <i>hither</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +citi<b>mus</b>, <i>hithermost</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>[in, intrā, <i>in, within</i>]</td> +<td>inter<b>ior</b>, <i>inner</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +int<b>imus</b>, <i>inmost</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>[prae, prō, <i>before</i>]</td> +<td>pr<b>ior</b>, <i>former</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +prī<b>mus</b>, <i>first</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>[prope, <i>near</i>]</td> +<td>prop<b>ior</b>, <i>nearer</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +prox<b>imus</b>, <i>next</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>[ultrā, <i>beyond</i>]</td> +<td>ulter<b>ior</b>, <i>further</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +ult<b>imus</b>, <i>furthest</i></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">238</span> +<a name = "page238"> </a> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec476"><b>476.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">REGULAR COMPARISON OF ADVERBS</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th>Positive</th> +<th>Comparative</th> +<th>Superlative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>cār<b>ē</b> (<b>cārus</b>), <i>dearly</i></td> +<td>cār<b>ius</b></td> +<td>cār<b>issimē</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>miser<b>ē</b> (<b>miser</b>), <i>wretchedly</i></td> +<td>miser<b>ius</b></td> +<td>miser<b>rimē</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ācri<b>ter</b> (<b>ācer</b>), <i>sharply</i></td> +<td>ācr<b>ius</b></td> +<td>ācer<b>rimē</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>facil<b>e</b> (<b>facilis</b>), <i>easily</i></td> +<td>facil<b>ius</b></td> +<td>facil<b>limē</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec477"><b>477.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">IRREGULAR COMPARISON OF ADVERBS</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th>Positive</th> +<th>Comparative</th> +<th>Superlative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>diū, <i>long, a long time</i></td> +<td>diūt<b>ius</b></td> +<td>diūt<b>issimē</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ben<b>e</b> (<b>bonus</b>), <i>well</i></td> +<td>mel<b>ius</b>, <i>better</i></td> +<td>opt<b>imē</b>, <i>best</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mal<b>e</b> (<b>malus</b>), <i>ill</i></td> +<td>pe<b>ius</b>, <i>worse</i></td> +<td>pes<b>simē</b>, <i>worst</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>magnopere, <i>greatly</i></td> +<td>magis, <i>more</i></td> +<td>max<b>imē</b>, <i>most</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mult<b>um</b> (<b>multus</b>), <i>much</i></td> +<td>plūs, <i>more</i></td> +<td>plūr<b>imum</b>, <i>most</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>par<b>um</b>, <i>little</i></td> +<td>min<b>us</b>, <i>less</i></td> +<td>min<b>imē</b>, <i>least</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>saep<b>e</b>, <i>often</i></td> +<td>saep<b>īus</b></td> +<td>saep<b>issimē</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec478"><b>478.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">NUMERALS</span></p> + +<p>The cardinal numerals are indeclinable excepting <b>ūnus, duo, +trēs</b>, the hundreds above one hundred, and <b>mīlle</b> used as a +noun. The ordinals are declined like <b>bonus, -a, -um</b>.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Cardinals</th> +<th colspan = "2">Ordinals</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +(<i>How many</i>) +</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +(<i>In what order</i>) +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">1,</td> +<td>ūnus, -a, -um,</td> +<td><i>one</i></td> +<td>prīmus, -a, -um</td> +<td><i>first</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">2,</td> +<td>duo, duae, duo</td> +<td><i>two</i></td> +<td>secundus (<i>or</i> alter)</td> +<td><i>second</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">3,</td> +<td>trēs, tria</td> +<td><i>three</i>,</td> +<td>tertius</td> +<td><i>third</i>,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">4,</td> +<td>quattuor</td> +<td>etc.</td> +<td>quārtus</td> +<td>etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">5,</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīnque</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīntus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">6,</td> +<td colspan = "2">sex</td> +<td colspan = "2">sextus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">7,</td> +<td colspan = "2">septem</td> +<td colspan = "2">septimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">8,</td> +<td colspan = "2">octō</td> +<td colspan = "2">octāvus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">9,</td> +<td colspan = "2">novem</td> +<td colspan = "2">nōnus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">10,</td> +<td colspan = "2">decem</td> +<td colspan = "2">decimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">11,</td> +<td colspan = "2">ūndecim</td> +<td colspan = "2">ūndecimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">12,</td> +<td colspan = "2">duodecim</td> +<td colspan = "2">duodecimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">13,</td> +<td colspan = "2">tredecim (decem (et) trēs)</td> +<td colspan = "2">tertius decimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">14,</td> +<td colspan = "2">quattuordecim</td> +<td colspan = "2">quārtus decimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">15, +<span class = "pagenum">239</span> +<a name = "page239"> </a> +</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīndecim</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīntus decimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">16,</td> +<td colspan = "2">sēdecim</td> +<td colspan = "2">sextus decimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">17,</td> +<td colspan = "2">septendecim</td> +<td colspan = "2">septimus decimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">18,</td> +<td colspan = "2">duodēvīgintī (octōdecim)</td> +<td colspan = "2">duodēvīcēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">19,</td> +<td colspan = "2">ūndēvīgintī (novendecim)</td> +<td colspan = "2">ūndēvīcēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">20,</td> +<td colspan = "2">vīgintī</td> +<td colspan = "2">vīcēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close middle">21,</td> +<td colspan = "2" class = "middle leftline">vīgintī ūnus <i>or</i><br> +ūnus et vīgintī, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2" class = "middle leftline">vīcēnsimus prīmus +<i>or</i><br> +ūnus et vīcēnsimus, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">30,</td> +<td colspan = "2">trīgintā</td> +<td colspan = "2">trīcēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">40,</td> +<td colspan = "2">quadrāgintā</td> +<td colspan = "2">quadrāgēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">50,</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīnquāgintā</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīnquāgēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">60,</td> +<td colspan = "2">sexāgintā</td> +<td colspan = "2">sexāgēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">70,</td> +<td colspan = "2">septuāgintā</td> +<td colspan = "2">septuāgēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">80,</td> +<td colspan = "2">octōgintā</td> +<td colspan = "2">octōgēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">90,</td> +<td colspan = "2">nōnāgintā</td> +<td colspan = "2">nōnāgēnsimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">100,</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">101,</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum (et) ūnus, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum (et) ūnus, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">120,</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum (et) vīgintī</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum (et) vīgintī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">121,</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum (et) vīgintī ūnus, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2">centum (et) vīgintī ūnus, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">200,</td> +<td colspan = "2">ducentī, -ae, -a</td> +<td colspan = "2">ducentī, -ae, -a</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">300,</td> +<td colspan = "2">trecentī</td> +<td colspan = "2">trecentī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">400,</td> +<td colspan = "2">quadringentī</td> +<td colspan = "2">quadringentī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">500,</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīngentī</td> +<td colspan = "2">quīngentī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">600,</td> +<td colspan = "2">sescentī</td> +<td colspan = "2">sescentī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">700,</td> +<td colspan = "2">septingentī</td> +<td colspan = "2">septingentī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">800,</td> +<td colspan = "2">octingentī</td> +<td colspan = "2">octingentī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">900,</td> +<td colspan = "2">nōngentī</td> +<td colspan = "2">nōngentī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number close">1000,</td> +<td colspan = "2">mīlle</td> +<td colspan = "2">mīlle</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec479"><b>479.</b></a> +Declension of <b>duo</b>, <i>two</i>, <b>trēs</b>, <i>three</i>, and +<b>mīlle</b>, <i>a thousand</i>.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Masc.</th> +<th>Fem.</th> +<th>Neut.</th> +<th>M. and F.</th> +<th>Neut.</th> +<th>Sing.</th> +<th>Plur.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>N.</i></td> +<td>du<b>o</b></td> +<td>du<b>ae</b></td> +<td>du<b>o</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>tr<b>īa</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>le</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>G.</i></td> +<td>du<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td>du<b>ārum</b></td> +<td>du<b>ōrum</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ium</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ium</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>le</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>ium</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>D.</i></td> +<td>du<b>ōbus</b></td> +<td>du<b>ābus</b></td> +<td>du<b>ōbus</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>le</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>A.</i></td> +<td>du<b>ōs</b> <i>or</i> du<b>o</b></td> +<td>du<b>ās</b></td> +<td>du<b>o</b></td> +<td>tr<b>īs</b> <i>or</i> tr<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ia</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>le</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>ia</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>A.</i></td> +<td>du<b>ōbus</b></td> +<td>du<b>ābus</b></td> +<td>du<b>ōbus</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>tr<b>ibus</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>le</b></td> +<td>mīl<b>ibus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Note.</span> <b>Mīlle</b> is used in the +plural as a noun with a modifying genitive, and is occasionally so used +in the nominative and accusative singular. For the declension of +<b>ūnus</b> cf. <a href = "#sec470">§ 470</a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">240</span> +<a name = "page240"> </a> +<h5 class = "section">PRONOUNS</h5> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec480"><b>480.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">PERSONAL</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "2"><b>ego</b>, <i>I</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"><b>tū</b>, <i>you</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"><b>suī</b>, +<i>of himself, etc.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Sing.</td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Plur.</td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Sing.</td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Plur.</td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Sing.</td> +<td class = "smallcaps">Plur.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>ego</td> +<td>nōs</td> +<td>tū</td> +<td>vōs</td> +<td>——</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>meī</td> +<td>nostrum, -trī</td> +<td>tuī</td> +<td>vestrum, -trī</td> +<td>suī</td> +<td>suī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>mihi</td> +<td>nōbīs</td> +<td>tibi</td> +<td>vōbīs</td> +<td>sibi</td> +<td>sibi</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>mē</td> +<td>nōs</td> +<td>tē</td> +<td>vōs</td> +<td>sē, sēsē</td> +<td>sē, sēsē</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>mē</td> +<td>nōbīs</td> +<td>tē</td> +<td>vōbīs</td> +<td>sē, sēsē</td> +<td>sē, sēsē</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Note that <b>suī</b> is always reflexive.</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec481"><b>481.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">DEMONSTRATIVE</span></p> + +<p>Demonstratives belong to the first and second declensions, but have +the pronominal endings <b>-ī̆us</b> and <b>-ī</b> in the gen. and dat. +sing.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>ipse</b>, <i>self</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>ipse</td> +<td>ipsa</td> +<td>ipsum</td> +<td>ipsī</td> +<td>ipsae</td> +<td>ipsa</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>ipsī´us</td> +<td>ipsī´us</td> +<td>ipsī´us</td> +<td>ipsōrum</td> +<td>ipsārum</td> +<td>ipsōrum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>ipsī</td> +<td>ipsī</td> +<td>ipsī</td> +<td>ipsīs</td> +<td>ipsīs</td> +<td>ipsīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>ipsum</td> +<td>ipsam</td> +<td>ipsum</td> +<td>ipsōs</td> +<td>ipsās</td> +<td>ipsa</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>ipsō</td> +<td>ipsā</td> +<td>ipsō</td> +<td>ipsīs</td> +<td>ipsīs</td> +<td>ipsīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>hic</b>, <i>this</i> (here), <i>he</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>hic</td> +<td>haec</td> +<td>hoc</td> +<td>hī</td> +<td>hae</td> +<td>haec</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>huius</td> +<td>huius</td> +<td>huius</td> +<td>hōrum</td> +<td>hārum</td> +<td>hōrum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>huic</td> +<td>huic</td> +<td>huic</td> +<td>hīs</td> +<td>hīs</td> +<td>hīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>hunc</td> +<td>hanc</td> +<td>hoc</td> +<td>hōs</td> +<td>hās</td> +<td>haec</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>hōc</td> +<td>hāc</td> +<td>hōc</td> +<td>hīs</td> +<td>hīs</td> +<td>hīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>iste</b>, <i>this, that</i> (of yours), <i>he</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>iste</td> +<td>ista</td> +<td>istud</td> +<td>istī</td> +<td>istae</td> +<td>ista</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>istī´us</td> +<td>istī´us</td> +<td>istī´us</td> +<td>istōrum</td> +<td>istārum</td> +<td>istōrum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>istī</td> +<td>istī</td> +<td>istī</td> +<td>istīs</td> +<td>istīs</td> +<td>istīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>istum</td> +<td>istam</td> +<td>istud</td> +<td>istōs</td> +<td>istās</td> +<td>ista</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>istō</td> +<td>istā</td> +<td>istō</td> +<td>istīs</td> +<td>istīs</td> +<td>istīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "7"> +<span class = "pagenum">241</span> +<a name = "page241"> </a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>ille</b>, <i>that</i> (yonder), <i>he</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>ille</td> +<td>illa</td> +<td>illud</td> +<td>illī</td> +<td>illae</td> +<td>illa</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>illī´us</td> +<td>illī´us</td> +<td>illī´us</td> +<td>illōrum</td> +<td>illārum</td> +<td>illōrum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>illī</td> +<td>illī</td> +<td>illī</td> +<td>illīs</td> +<td>illīs</td> +<td>illīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>illum</td> +<td>illam</td> +<td>illud</td> +<td>illōs</td> +<td>illās</td> +<td>illa</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>illō</td> +<td>illā</td> +<td>illō</td> +<td>illīs</td> +<td>illīs</td> +<td>illīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>is</b>, <i>this, that, he</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>is</td> +<td>ea</td> +<td>id</td> +<td>iī, eī</td> +<td>eae</td> +<td>ea</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>eius</td> +<td>eius</td> +<td>eius</td> +<td>eōrum</td> +<td>eārum</td> +<td>eōrum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>eī</td> +<td>eī</td> +<td>eī</td> +<td>iīs, eīs</td> +<td>iīs, eīs</td> +<td>iīs, eīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>eum</td> +<td>eam</td> +<td>id</td> +<td>eōs</td> +<td>eās</td> +<td>ea</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>eō</td> +<td>eā</td> +<td>eō</td> +<td>iīs, eīs</td> +<td>iīs, eīs</td> +<td>iīs, eīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>īdem</b>, <i>the same</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td class = "middle">īdem</td> +<td class = "middle">e´adem</td> +<td class = "middle">idem</td> +<td class = "leftline">iī´dem<br> +eī´dem</td> +<td class = "middle">eae´dem</td> +<td class = "middle">e´adem</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>eius´dem</td> +<td>eius´dem</td> +<td>eius´dem</td> +<td>eōrun´dem</td> +<td>eārun´dem</td> +<td>eōrun´dem</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td class = "middle">eī´dem</td> +<td class = "middle">eī´dem</td> +<td class = "middle">eī´dem</td> +<td class = "leftline">iīs´dem<br> +eīs´dem</td> +<td class = "leftline">iīs´dem<br> +eīs´dem</td> +<td class = "leftline">iīs´dem<br> +eīs´dem</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>eun´dem</td> +<td>ean´dem</td> +<td>idem</td> +<td>eōs´dem</td> +<td>eās´dem</td> +<td>e´adem</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td class = "middle">eō´dem</td> +<td class = "middle">eā´dem</td> +<td class = "middle">eō´dem</td> +<td class = "leftline">iīs´dem<br> +eīs´dem</td> +<td class = "leftline">iīs´dem<br> +eīs´dem</td> +<td class = "leftline">iīs´dem<br> +eīs´dem</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Note.</span> In the plural of <b>is</b> and +<b>īdem</b> the forms with two i’s are preferred, the two i’s being +pronounced as one.</p> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec482"><b>482.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">RELATIVE</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "7"> +<b>quī</b>, <i>who, which, that</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "3">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>quī</td> +<td>quae</td> +<td>quod</td> +<td>quī</td> +<td>quae</td> +<td>quae</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>cuius</td> +<td>cuius</td> +<td>cuius</td> +<td>quōrum</td> +<td>quārum</td> +<td>quōrum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>cui</td> +<td>cui</td> +<td>cui</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>quem</td> +<td>quam</td> +<td>quod</td> +<td>quōs</td> +<td>quās</td> +<td>quae</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>quō</td> +<td>quā</td> +<td>quō</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">242</span> +<a name = "page242"> </a> +<a name = "sec483"><b>483.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">INTERROGATIVE</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<b>quis</b>, substantive, <i>who, what</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Singular</th> +<th colspan = "3">Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>quis</td> +<td>quid</td> +<td>qui</td> +<td>quae</td> +<td>quae</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>cuius</td> +<td>cuius</td> +<td>quōrum</td> +<td>quārum</td> +<td>quōrum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>cui</td> +<td>cui</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>quem</td> +<td>quid</td> +<td>quōs</td> +<td>quās</td> +<td>quae</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>quō</td> +<td>quō</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +<td>quibus</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The interrogative adjective <b>quī, quae, quod</b>, is declined like +the relative.</p> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec484"><b>484.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">INDEFINITES</span></p> + +<p><b>quis</b> and <b>quī</b>, as declined above,<span class = +"tag">1</span> are used also as indefinites (<i>some, any</i>). The +other indefinites are compounds of <b>quis</b> and <b>quī</b>.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<b>quisque</b>, <i>each</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Substantive</th> +<th colspan = "3">Adjective</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>quisque</td> +<td>quidque</td> +<td>quisque</td> +<td>quaeque</td> +<td>quodque</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>cuius´que</td> +<td>cuius´que</td> +<td>cuius´que</td> +<td>cuius´que</td> +<td>cuius´que</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>cuique</td> +<td>cuique</td> +<td>cuique</td> +<td>cuique</td> +<td>cuique</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>quemque</td> +<td>quidque</td> +<td>quemque</td> +<td>quamque</td> +<td>quodque</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>quōque</td> +<td>quōque</td> +<td>quōque</td> +<td>quāque</td> +<td>quōque</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. <b>qua</b> is generally used instead of <b>quae</b> in the feminine +nominative singular and in the neuter nominative and accusative +plural.</div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec485"><b>485.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>quīdam</b>, <i>a certain one, a +certain</i></span></p> + +<p>Observe that in the neuter singular the adjective has <b>quoddam</b> +and the substantive <b>quiddam</b>.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Singular</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td class = "middle">quīdam</td> +<td class = "middle">quaedam</td> +<td class = "leftline">quoddam<br> +quiddam (<i>subst.</i>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>cuius´dam</td> +<td>cuius´dam</td> +<td>cuius´dam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>cuidam</td> +<td>cuidam</td> +<td>cuidam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td class = "middle">quendam</td> +<td class = "middle">quandam</td> +<td class = "leftline">quoddam<br> +quiddam (<i>subst.</i>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>quōdam</td> +<td>quādam</td> +<td>quōdam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +<span class = "pagenum">243</span> +<a name = "page243"> </a> +Plural</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>quīdam</td> +<td>quaedam</td> +<td>quaedam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>quōrun´dam</td> +<td>quārun´dam</td> +<td>quōrun´dam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>quibus´dam</td> +<td>quibus´dam</td> +<td>quibus´dam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>quōsdam</td> +<td>quāsdam</td> +<td>quaedam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>quibus´dam</td> +<td>quibus´dam</td> +<td>quibus´dam</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec486"><b>486.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>quisquam</b>, substantive, <i>any one</i> +(at all)</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>quisquam</td> +<td>quicquam (quidquam)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>cuius´quam</td> +<td>cuius´quam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>cuiquam</td> +<td>cuiquam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>quemquam</td> +<td>quicquam (quidquam)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>quōquam</td> +<td>quōquam</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec487"><b>487.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>aliquis</b>, substantive, <i>some one</i>. + <b>aliquī</b>, adjective, <i>some</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "6">Singular</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Substantive</th> +<th colspan = "3">Adjective</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC. AND FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>aliquis</td> +<td>aliquid</td> +<td>aliquī</td> +<td>aliqua</td> +<td>aliquod</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>alicu´ius</td> +<td>alicu´ius</td> +<td>alicu´ius</td> +<td>alicu´ius</td> +<td>alicu´ius</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>alicui</td> +<td>alicui</td> +<td>alicui</td> +<td>alicui</td> +<td>alicui</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>aliquem</td> +<td>aliquid</td> +<td>aliquem</td> +<td>aliquam</td> +<td>aliquod</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>aliquō</td> +<td>aliquō</td> +<td>aliquō</td> +<td>aliquā</td> +<td>aliquō</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Plural for both Substantive and Adjective +</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smaller">MASC.</td> +<td class = "smaller">FEM.</td> +<td class = "smaller">NEUT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Nom.</i></td> +<td>aliquī</td> +<td>aliquae</td> +<td>aliqua</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i></td> +<td>aliquō´rum</td> +<td>aliquā´rum</td> +<td>aliquō´rum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i></td> +<td>ali´quibus</td> +<td>ali´quibus</td> +<td>ali´quibus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Acc.</i></td> +<td>aliquōs</td> +<td>aliquās</td> +<td>aliqua</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Abl.</i></td> +<td>ali´quibus</td> +<td>ali´quibus</td> +<td>ali´quibus</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>a.</i> <b>quis</b> (<b>quī</b>), <i>any one, any</i>, is the least +definite (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec297">§ 297. <i>b</i></a>). <b>aliquis</b> +(<b>aliquī</b>), <i>some one, some</i>, is more definite than +<b>quis</b>. <b>quisquam</b>, <i>any one</i> (at all), and its adjective +<b>ūllus</b>, <i>any</i>, occur mostly with a negative, expressed or +implied, and in clauses of comparison.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">244</span> +<a name = "page244"> </a> +<h5 class = "section">REGULAR VERBS</h5> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec488"><b>488.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">FIRST CONJUGATION. <i>Ā</i>-VERBS. +<i>AMŌ</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> <b>amō, amāre, amāvī, +amātus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> amā- +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> amāv- +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> amāt- +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">ACTIVE</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">PASSIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">INDICATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6">PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I love, am loving, do love</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I am loved</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>am<b>ō</b></td> +<td>amā<b>mus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">am<b>or</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>s</b></td> +<td>amā<b>tis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>ris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ama<b>t</b></td> +<td>ama<b>nt</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>tur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">ama<b>ntur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I loved, was loving, did love</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I was loved</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>bam</b></td> +<td>amā<b>bāmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bāmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>bās</b></td> +<td>amā<b>bātis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bāris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bāminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>bat</b></td> +<td>amā<b>bant</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bātur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bantur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall love</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall be loved</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>bō</b></td> +<td>amā<b>bimus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bor</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bimur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>bis</b></td> +<td>amā<b>bitis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>beris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>biminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>bit</b></td> +<td>amā<b>bunt</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>bitur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amā<b>buntur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I have loved, loved, did love</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I have been (was) loved</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>vi</b></td> +<td>amā<b>vimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amā<b>tus, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>sum</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amā<b>tī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sumus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>vistī</b></td> +<td>amā<b>vistis</b></td> +<td><b>es</b></td> +<td><b>estis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amā<b>vit</b></td> +<td>amā<b>vērunt, -re</b></td> +<td><b>est</b></td> +<td><b>sunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I had loved</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I had been loved</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>eram</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>erāmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amāt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>eram</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amā<b>tī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erāmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>erās</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>erātis</b></td> +<td><b>erās</b></td> +<td><b>erātis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>erat</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>erant</b></td> +<td><b>erat</b></td> +<td><b>erant</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall have loved</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall have been loved</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>erō</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>erimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amāt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>erō</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amā<b>tī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erimus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>eris</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>eritis</b></td> +<td><b>eris</b></td> +<td><b>eritis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>erit</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>erint</b></td> +<td><b>erit</b></td> +<td><b>erunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "pagenum">245</span> +<a name = "page245"> </a> +SUBJUNCTIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>am<b>em</b></td> +<td>am<b>ēm</b>us</td> +<td colspan = "2">am<b>er</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">am<b>ēmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>am<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>am<b>ētis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">am<b>ēris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">am<b>ēminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>am<b>et</b></td> +<td>am<b>ent</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">am<b>ētur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">am<b>entur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amār<b>em</b></td> +<td>amār<b>emus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amār<b>er</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amār<b>ēmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amār<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>amār<b>ētis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amār<b>ēris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amār<b>ēminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amār<b>et</b></td> +<td>amār<b>ent</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amār<b>ētur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">amār<b>entur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>erim</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>erimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amāt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>sim</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amāt<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sīmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>eris</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>eritis</b></td> +<td><b>sīs</b></td> +<td><b>sītis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>erit</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>erint</b></td> +<td><b>sit</b></td> +<td><b>sint</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>issem</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>issēmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amāt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>essem</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">amāt<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>essēmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>issēs</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>issētis</b></td> +<td><b>essēs</b></td> +<td><b>essētis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>amāv<b>isset</b></td> +<td>amāv<b>issent</b></td> +<td><b>esset</b></td> +<td><b>essent</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +IMPERATIVE +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +amā, <i>love thou</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +amā<b>re</b>, <i>be thou loved</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +amā<b>te</b>, <i>love ye</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +amā<b>minī</b>, <i>be ye loved</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +amā<b>tō</b>, <i>thou shalt love</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +amāt<b>or</b>, <i>thou shalt be loved</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +amā<b>tō</b>, <i>he shall love</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +amāt<b>or</b>, <i>he shall be loved</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +amāt<b>ōte</b>, <i>you shall love</i></td> +<td colspan = "4">——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +ama<b>ntō</b>, <i>they shall love</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +ama<b>ntor</b>, <i>they shall be loved</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +INFINITIVE</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> amā<b>re</b>, <i>to love</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +amā<b>rī</b>, <i>to be loved</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> amāv<b>isse</b>, <i>to have loved</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +amāt<b>us, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to have been loved</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> amāt<b>ūrus, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to be about to +love</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +[amāt<b>um īrī</b>], <i>to be about to be loved</i> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">PARTICIPLES</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> amā<b>ns, -antis</b>, <i>loving</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Pres.</i> ——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> amāt<b>ūrus, -a, -um</b>, <i>about to love</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +Gerundive<span class = "tag">1</span> ama<b>ndus, -a, -um</b>, <i>to be +loved</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> ——</td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Perf.</i> amāt<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>having been loved, +loved</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2">GERUND</td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Nom.</i> ——</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +SUPINE (Active Voice)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Gen.</i> ama<b>ndī</b>, <i>of loving</i> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Acc.</i> [amā<b>tum</b>], <i>to love</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Dat.</i> ama<b>ndō</b>, <i>for loving</i> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Abl.</i> [amā<b>tū</b>], <i>to love, in the loving</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Acc.</i> ama<b>ndum</b>, <i>loving</i> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Abl.</i> ama<b>ndō</b>, <i>by loving</i> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Sometimes called the future passive participle.</div> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">246</span> +<a name = "page246"> </a> +<a name = "sec489"><b>489.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">SECOND CONJUGATION. <i>Ē</i>-VERBS. +<i>MONEŌ</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> <b>monē-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> <b>monu-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> <b>monit-</b> +</td> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">ACTIVE</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">PASSIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">INDICATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6">PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I advise</i>, etc.,</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I am advised,</i> etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mone<b>ō</b></td> +<td>monē<b>mus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>or</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>s</b></td> +<td>monē<b>tis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>ris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mone<b>t</b></td> +<td>mone<b>nt</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>tur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>ntur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I was advising</i>, etc.,</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I was advised</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>bam</b></td> +<td>monē<b>bāmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bāmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>bās</b></td> +<td>monē<b>bātis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bāris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bāminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>bat</b></td> +<td>monē<b>bant</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bātur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bāntur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall advise</i>, etc.,</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall be advised</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>bō</b></td> +<td>monē<b>bimus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bor</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bimur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>bis</b></td> +<td>monē<b>bitis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>beris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>biminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>bit</b></td> +<td>monē<b>bunt</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>bitur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>buntur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I have advised, I advised</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I have been (was) advised</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>ī</b></td> +<td>monu<b>imus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>us, -a, +-um</b></td> +<td><b>sum</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sumus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>istī</b></td> +<td>monu<b>istis</b></td> +<td><b>es</b></td> +<td><b>estis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>it</b></td> +<td>monu<b>ērunt, -re</b></td> +<td><b>est</b></td> +<td><b>sunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I had advised</i>, etc.,</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I had been advised</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>eram</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erāmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>us, -a, +-um</b></td> +<td><b>eram</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erāmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>erās</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erātis</b></td> +<td><b>eras</b></td> +<td><b>eratis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>erat</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erant</b></td> +<td><b>erat</b></td> +<td><b>erant</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall have advised</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall have been advised</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>erō</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>us, -a, +-um</b></td> +<td><b>erō</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erimus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>eris</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erītis</b></td> +<td><b>eris</b></td> +<td><b>eritis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>erit</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erīnt</b></td> +<td><b>erit</b></td> +<td><b>erunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "pagenum">247</span> +<a name = "page247"> </a> +SUBJUNCTIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mone<b>am</b></td> +<td>mone<b>āmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>ar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>āmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mone<b>ās</b></td> +<td>mone<b>ātis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>āris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>āminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>mone<b>at</b></td> +<td>mone<b>ant</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>ātur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">mone<b>antur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>rem</b></td> +<td>monē<b>rēmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>rer</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>rēmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>rēs</b></td> +<td>monē<b>rētis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>rēris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>rēminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monē<b>ret</b></td> +<td>monē<b>rent</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>rētur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">monē<b>rentur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>erim</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>us, -a, +-um</b></td> +<td><b>sim</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sīmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>eris</b></td> +<td>monu<b>eritis</b></td> +<td><b>sīs</b></td> +<td><b>sītis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>erit</b></td> +<td>monu<b>erint</b></td> +<td><b>sit</b></td> +<td><b>sint</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>issem</b></td> +<td>monu<b>issēmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>us, -a, +-um</b></td> +<td><b>essem</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3">monit<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>essēmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>issēs</b></td> +<td>monu<b>issētis</b></td> +<td><b>essēs</b></td> +<td><b>essētis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>monu<b>isset</b></td> +<td>monu<b>issent</b></td> +<td><b>esset</b></td> +<td><b>essent</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">IMPERATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +monē, <i>advise thou</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +monē<b>re</b>, <i>be thou advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +monē<b>te</b>, <i>advise ye</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +monē<b>minī</b>, <i>be ye advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +monē<b>tō</b>, <i>thou shall advise</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +monē<b>tor</b>, <i>thou shalt be advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +monē<b>tō</b>, <i>he shall advise</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +monē<b>tor</b>, <i>he shall be advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +monē<b>tōte</b>, <i>you shall advise</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +mone<b>ntō</b>, <i>they shall advise</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +mone<b>ntor</b>, <i>they shall be advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +INFINITIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> monē<b>re</b>, <i>to advise</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +monē<b>rī</b>, <i>to be advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> monu<b>isse</b>, <i>to have advised</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +monit<b>us, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to have been advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> monit<b>ūrus, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to be about to +advise</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +[monit<b>um īrī</b>], <i>to be about to be advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">PARTICIPLES</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> monē<b>ns</b>, -e<b>ntis</b>, <i>advising</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Pres.</i> ——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> monit<b>ūrus, -a, -um</b>, <i>about to advise</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Ger.</i> mone<b>ndus, -a, -um</b>, <i>to be advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> ——</td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Perf.</i> monit<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>having been advised, +advised</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">GERUND</td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Nom.</i> ——</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +SUPINE (Active Voice)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Gen.</i> mone<b>ndī</b>, <i>of advising</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Acc.</i> [monit<b>um</b>], <i>to advise</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Dat.</i> mone<b>ndō</b>, <i>for advising</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Abl.</i> [monit<b>ū</b>], <i>to advise, in the advising</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Acc.</i> mone<b>ndum</b>, <i>advising</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Abl.</i> mone<b>ndō</b>, <i>by advising</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">248</span> +<a name = "page248"> </a> +<a name = "sec490"><b>490.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">THIRD CONJUGATION. <i>Ĕ</i>-VERBS. +<i>REGŌ</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>regō, regere, rexī, rēctus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> rege- +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> rēx- +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> rēct- +</td> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">ACTIVE</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">PASSIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">INDICATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6">PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I rule</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I am ruled</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>ō</b></td> +<td>reg<b>imus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +re´g<b>or</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +re´g<b>imur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>is</b></td> +<td>reg<b>itis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +re´g<b>eris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>i´minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>it</b></td> +<td>reg<b>unt</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +re´g<b>itur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>un´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I was ruling</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I was ruled</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>ēbam</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ēbāmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ē´bar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ēbā´mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>ēbās</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ēbātis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ēbā´ris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ēbā´minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>ēbat</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ēbant</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ēbā´tur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ēban´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall rule</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall be ruled</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>am</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ēmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +re´g<b>ar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ē´mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ētis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ē´ris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ē´minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>et</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ent</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ē´tur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>en´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I have ruled</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I have been ruled</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>ī</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>imus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>sum</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sumus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>istī</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>istis</b></td> +<td><b>es</b></td> +<td><b>estis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>it</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>ērunt, -re</b></td> +<td><b>est</b></td> +<td><b>sunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I had ruled</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I had been ruled</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>eram</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>erāmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>eram</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erāmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>erās</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>erātis</b></td> +<td><b>erās</b></td> +<td><b>erātis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>erat</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>erant</b></td> +<td><b>erat</b></td> +<td><b>erant</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall have ruled</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall have been ruled</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>erō</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>erimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>erō</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erimus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>eris</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>eritis</b></td> +<td><b>eris</b></td> +<td><b>eritis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>erit</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>erint</b></td> +<td><b>erit</b></td> +<td><b>erunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "pagenum">249</span> +<a name = "page249"> </a> +SUBJUNCTIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>am</b></td> +<td>reg<b>āmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>ar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>āmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>ās</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ātis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>āris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>āminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>at</b></td> +<td>reg<b>ant</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>ātur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>antur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>erem</b></td> +<td>reg<b>erēmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>erer</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>erēmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>erēs</b></td> +<td>reg<b>erētis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>erēris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>erēminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>reg<b>eret</b></td> +<td>reg<b>erent</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>erētur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">reg<b>erentur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>erim</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>erimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>sim</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sīmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>eris</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>eritis</b></td> +<td><b>sīs</b></td> +<td><b>sītis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>erit</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>erint</b></td> +<td><b>sit</b></td> +<td><b>sint</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>issem</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>issēmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>essem</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +rēct<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>essēmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>issēs</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>issētis</b></td> +<td><b>essēs</b></td> +<td><b>essētis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>rēx<b>isset</b></td> +<td>rēx<b>issent</b></td> +<td><b>esset</b></td> +<td><b>essent</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">IMPERATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>e</b>, <i>rule thou</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +reg<b>ere</b>, <i>be thou ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>ite</b>, <i>rule ye</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +reg<b>iminī</b>, <i>be ye ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>itō</b>, <i>thou shalt rule</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +reg<b>itor</b>, <i>thou shalt be ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>itō</b> <i>he shall rule</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +reg<b>itor</b>, <i>he shall be ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>itōte</b>, <i>ye shall rule</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +reg<b>untō</b>, <i>they shall rule</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +reg<b>untor</b>, <i>they shall be ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +INFINITIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> reg<b>ere</b>, <i>to rule</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +reg<b>ī</b>, <i>to be ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> rēx<b>isse</b>, <i>to have ruled</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +rēct<b>us, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to have been ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i>rēct<b>ūrus, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to be about to +rule</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +[rēct<b>um</b> īrī], <i>to be about to be ruled</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +PARTICIPLES</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> reg<b>ēns, -entis</b>, <i>ruling</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Pres.</i> ——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> rēct<b>ūrus, -a, -um</b>, <i>about to rule</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Ger.</i> rege<b>ndus, -a, -um</b>, <i>to be ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> ——</td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Perf.</i> rēct<b>us, -a, -um</b>, <i>having been ruled, +ruled</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">GERUND</td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Nom.</i> ——</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">SUPINE (Active Voice)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Gen.</i> rege<b>ndī</b>, <i>of ruling</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Acc</i> [rēct<b>um</b>], <i>to rule</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Dat.</i> rege<b>ndō</b>, <i>for ruling</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Abl.</i> [rēct<b>ū</b>], <i>to rule, in the +ruling</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Acc.</i> rege<b>ndum</b>, <i>ruling</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Abl.</i> rege<b>ndō</b>, <i>by ruling</i> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">250</span> +<a name = "page250"> </a> +<a name = "sec491"><b>491.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">FOURTH CONJUGATION. <i>Ī</i>-VERBS. +<i>AUDIŌ</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> <b>audī-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> <b>audīv-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> <b>audīt-</b> +</td> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">ACTIVE</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">PASSIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">INDICATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6">PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I hear</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I am heard</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>ō</b></td> +<td>audī<b>mus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">au´d<b>ior</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audī´<b>mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>s</b></td> +<td>audī<b>tis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audī´<b>ris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audī´<b>minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>t</b></td> +<td>audi<b>unt</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audī´<b>tur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>un´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I was hearing</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I was heard</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>ēbam</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ēbāmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ē´bar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ēbā´mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>ēbās</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ēbātis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ēbā´ris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ēbā´minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>ēbat</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ēbant</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ēbā´tur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ēban´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall hear</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall be heard</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>am</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ēmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">au´di<b>ar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ē´mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ētis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ē´ris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ē´minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>et</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ent</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>ē´tur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2">audi<b>en´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I have heard</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I have been heard</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>ī</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>imus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audīt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>sum</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audīt<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sumus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>istī</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>istis</b></td> +<td><b>es</b></td> +<td><b>estis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>it</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>ērunt, -re</b></td> +<td><b>est</b></td> +<td><b>sunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I had heard</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I had been heard</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>eram</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>erāmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audīt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>eram</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audīt<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erāmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>erās</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>erātis</b></td> +<td><b>erās</b></td> +<td><b>erātis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>erat</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>erant</b></td> +<td><b>erat</b></td> +<td><b>erant</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2"> +<i>I shall have heard</i>, etc.</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<i>I shall have been heard</i>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>erō</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>erimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audīt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>erō</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audīt<b>ī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>erimus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>eris</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>eritis</b></td> +<td><b>eris</b></td> +<td><b>eritis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audīv<b>erit</b></td> +<td>audīv<b>erint</b></td> +<td><b>erit</b></td> +<td><b>erunt</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +<span class = "pagenum">251</span> +<a name = "page251"> </a> +SUBJUNCTIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>audi<b>am</b></td> +<td>audi<b>āmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audi<b>ar</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audi<b>āmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>ās</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ātis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audi<b>āris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audi<b>āminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audi<b>at</b></td> +<td>audi<b>ant</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audi<b>ātur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audi<b>antur</b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>audī<b>rem</b></td> +<td>audī<b>rēmus</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>rer</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>rēmur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>rēs</b></td> +<td>audī<b>rētis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>rēris, -re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>rēminī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>ret</b></td> +<td>audī<b>rent</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>rētur</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>rentur</b></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>audī<b>verim</b></td> +<td>audi<b>verimus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audī<b>tus, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>sim</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audī<b>tī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>sīmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>veris</b></td> +<td>audi<b>veritis</b></td> +<td><b>sīs</b></td> +<td><b>sītis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>verit</b></td> +<td>audī<b>verint</b></td> +<td><b>sit</b></td> +<td><b>sint</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>vissem</b></td> +<td>audī<b>vissēmus</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audī<b>tus, -a, -um</b></td> +<td><b>essem</b></td> +<td class = "middle rightline" rowspan = "3"> +audī<b>tī, -ae, -a</b></td> +<td><b>essēmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>vissēs</b></td> +<td>audī<b>vissētis</b></td> +<td><b>essēs</b></td> +<td><b>essētis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>audī<b>visset</b></td> +<td>audī<b>vissent</b></td> +<td><b>esset</b></td> +<td><b>essent</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6">IMPERATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī, <i>hear thou</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +audī<b>re</b>, <i>be thou heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>te</b>, <i>hear ye</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +audī<b>minī</b>, <i>be ye heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>tō</b>, <i>thou shalt hear</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +audī<b>tor</b>, <i>thou shalt be heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>tō</b>, <i>he shall hear</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +audī<b>tor</b>, <i>he shall be heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>tōte</b>, <i>ye shall hear</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audi<b>untō</b>, <i>they shall hear</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +audi<b>untor</b>, <i>they shall be heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +INFINITIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> audī<b>re</b>, <i>to hear</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +audī<b>rī</b>, <i>to be heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>visse</b>, <i>to have heard</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +audī<b>tus, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to have been heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +audī<b>tūrus, -a, -um esse</b>, <i>to be about to hear</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +[audī<b>tum īrī</b>, <i>to be about to be heard</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "6"> +PARTICIPLES</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> audi<b>ēns</b>, -entis, <i>hearing</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Pres.</i> ——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> audī<b>tūrus</b>, -a, -um, <i>about to hear</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Ger.</i> audi<b>endus</b>, -a, -um <i>to be heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> ——</td> +<td colspan = "4"> +<i>Perf.</i> audī<b>tus</b>, -a, -um, <i>having been heard, +heard</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">GERUND</td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Nom.</i> ——</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">SUPINE (Active Voice)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Gen.</i> audi<b>endī</b>, <i>of hearing</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Acc.</i> [audī<b>tum</b>], <i>to hear</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Dat.</i> audi<b>endō</b>, <i>for hearing</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Abl.</i> [audī<b>tu</b>], <i>to hear, in the +hearing</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Acc.</i> audi<b>endum</b>, <i>hearing</i></td> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Abl.</i> audi<b>endō</b>, <i>by hearing</i> +<td colspan = "4"></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">252</span> +<a name = "page252"> </a> +<a name = "sec492"><b>492.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">THIRD CONJUGATION. VERBS IN <i>-IŌ</i>. +<i>CAPIŌ</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>capiō, capere, cēpī, captus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> <b>cape-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> <b>cēp-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> <b>capt-</b> +</td> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">ACTIVE</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">PASSIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">INDICATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4">PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>ō</b></td> +<td>capi<b>mus</b></td> +<td>ca´pi<b>or</b></td> +<td>ca´pi<b>mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>s</b></td> +<td>capi<b>tis</b></td> +<td>ca´pe<b>ris, -re</b></td> +<td>capi´minī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>t</b></td> +<td>capi<b>unt</b></td> +<td>ca´pi<b>tur</b></td> +<td>capi<b>un´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>ēbam</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ebamus</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ē´bar</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ēbā´mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>ēbas</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ēbātis</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ēba´ris, -re</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ēbā´minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>ēbat</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ēbant</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ēbā´tur</b></td> +<td>capi<b>eban´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>am</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ēmus</b></td> +<td>ca´pi<b>ar</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ē´mur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>ēs</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ētis</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ē´ris, -re</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ē´minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>capi<b>et</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ent</b></td> +<td>capi<b>ē´tur</b></td> +<td>capi<b>en´tur</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +cēp<b>ī</b>, cēp<b>istī</b>, cēp<b>it</b>, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +capt<b>us, -a, -um sum, es, est</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +cēp<b>eram</b>, cēp<b>erās</b>, cēp<b>erat</b>, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +capt<b>us, -a, -um eram, erās, erat</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +FUTURE PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +cēp<b>erō</b>, cēp<b>eris</b>, cēp<b>erit</b>, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +capt<b>us, -a, -um erō, eris, erit</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">SUBJUNCTIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4">PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +capi<b>am</b>, capi<b>ās</b>, capi<b>at</b>, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +capi<b>ar, -iāris, -re, -iātur</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +IMPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +cape<b>rem</b>, cape<b>rēs</b>, cape<b>ret</b>, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +cape<b>rer, -erēris, -re, -erētur</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +PERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +cēp<b>erim</b>, cēp<b>eris</b>, cēp<b>erit</b>, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +capt<b>us, -a, -um sim, sīs, sit</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +PLUPERFECT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +cēp<b>issem</b>, cēp<b>issēs</b>, cēp<b>isset</b>, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +capt<b>us,-a, -um essem, essēs, esset</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">IMPERATIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4">PRESENT</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<i>2d Pers.</i> cape</td> +<td> +capi<b>te</b></td> +<td> +cape<b>re</b></td> +<td> +capi<b>minī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "pagenum">253</span> +<a name = "page253"> </a> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<i>2d Pers.</i> capi<b>tō</b></td> +<td> +capi<b>tōte</b></td> +<td> +capi<b>tor</b></td> +<td> +——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<i>3rd Pers.</i> capi<b>tō</b></td> +<td> +capi<b>untō</b></td> +<td> +capi<b>tor</b></td> +<td> +capi<b>untor</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +INFINITIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> cape<b>re</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +cap<b>ī</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> cēp<b>isse</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +capt<b>us, -a, -um esse</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> capt<b>ūrus, -a, -um esse</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +[capt<b>um</b> īrī]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4">PARTICIPLES</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> capi<b>ēns, -ientis</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> ——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Fut.</i> capt<b>ūrus, -a, -um</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Ger.</i> capi<b>endus, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> ——</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> capt<b>us, -a, -um</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">GERUND</td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "2">SUPINE (Active Voice)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Gen.</i> capi<b>endī</b></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Acc.</i> [capt<b>um</b>]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Abl.</i> [capt<b>ū</b>]</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec493"><b>493.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">DEPONENT VERBS</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead" rowspan = "4"> +Principal Parts</td> +<td class = "number"> +I.</td> +<td><b>hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum</b>, <i>urge</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number"> +II.</td> +<td><b>vereor, verērī, veritus sum</b>, <i>fear</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number"> +III.</td> +<td><b>sequor, sequī, secūtus sum</b>, <i>follow</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number"> +IV.</td> +<td><b>partior, partīrī, partītus sum</b>, <i>share, divide</i></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Note.</span> In addition to the passive +conjugation, deponent verbs use certain forms from the active. These are +marked with a star. Deponent -iō verbs of the third conjugation are +inflected like the passive of capiō.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5">Indicative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>hortor</td> +<td>vereor</td> +<td>sequor</td> +<td>partior</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>hortāris, -re</td> +<td>verēris, -re</td> +<td>sequeris, -re</td> +<td>partīris, -re</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>hortātur</td> +<td>verētur</td> +<td>sequitur</td> +<td>partītur</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>hortāmur</td> +<td>verēmur</td> +<td>sequimur</td> +<td>partīmur</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>hortāminī</td> +<td>verēminī</td> +<td>sequiminī</td> +<td>partīminī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>hortantur</td> +<td>verentur</td> +<td>sequuntur</td> +<td>partiuntur</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td>hortābar</td> +<td>verēbar</td> +<td>sequēbar</td> +<td>partiēbar</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td>hortābor</td> +<td>verēbor</td> +<td>sequar</td> +<td>partiar</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>hortātus sum</td> +<td>veritus sum</td> +<td>secūtus sum</td> +<td>partītus sum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td>hortātus eram</td> +<td>veritus eram</td> +<td>secūtus eram</td> +<td>partītus eram</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>F. P.</i></td> +<td>hortātus erō</td> +<td>veritus erō</td> +<td>secūtus erō</td> +<td>partītus erō</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +<span class = "pagenum">254</span> +<a name = "page254"> </a> +Subjunctive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>horter</td> +<td>verear</td> +<td>sequar</td> +<td>partiar</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td>hortārer</td> +<td>verērer</td> +<td>sequerer</td> +<td>partīrer</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>hortātus sim</td> +<td>veritus sim</td> +<td>secūtus sim</td> +<td>partītus sim</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td>hortātus essem</td> +<td>veritus essem</td> +<td>secūtus essem</td> +<td>partītus essem</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Imperative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>hortāre</td> +<td>verēre</td> +<td>sequere</td> +<td>partīre</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td>hortātor</td> +<td>verētor</td> +<td>sequitor</td> +<td>partītor</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Infinitive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>hortārī</td> +<td>verērī</td> +<td>sequī</td> +<td>partīrī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>hortātus esse</td> +<td>veritus esse</td> +<td>secūtus esse</td> +<td>partītus esse</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>hortātūrus esse</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>veritūrus esse</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>secūtūrus esse</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>partītūrus esse</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Participles</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>hortāns</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>verēns</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>sequēns</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>partiēns</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>hortāturus</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>veritūrus</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>secūtūrus</b></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>partītūrus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>hortātus</td> +<td>veritus</td> +<td>secūtus</td> +<td>partītus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Ger.</i></td> +<td>hortandus</td> +<td>verendus</td> +<td>sequendus</td> +<td>partiendus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Gerund</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>hortandī</b>, etc.</td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>verendī</b>, etc.</td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>sequendī</b>, etc.</td> +<td class = "backspace">*<b>partiendī</b>, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Supine</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "backspace">*[<b>hortātus, -tū</b>]</td> +<td class = "backspace">*[<b>veritum, -tū</b>]</td> +<td class = "backspace">*[<b>secūtum, -tū</b>]</td> +<td class = "backspace">*[<b>partītum, -tū</b>]</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "section">IRREGULAR VERBS</h5> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec494"><b>494.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>sum</b>, <i>am, be</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>sum, esse, fuī, futūrus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> <b>es-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> <b>fu-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> <b>fut-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Indicative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Present</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2">SINGULAR</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2">PLURAL</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><b>sum</b>, <i>I am</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"><b>sumus</b>, <i>we are</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><b>es</b>, <i>thou art</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"><b>estis</b>, <i>you are</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><b>est</b>, <i>he (she, it) is</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"><b>sunt</b>, <i>they are</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Imperfect</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>am</b>, <i>I was</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>āmus</b>, <i>we were</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>ās</b>, <i>thou wast</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>ātis</b>, <i>you were</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>at</b>, <i>he was</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>ant</b>, <i>they were</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +<span class = "pagenum">255</span> +<a name = "page255"> </a> +Future</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>ō</b>, <i>I shall be</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>imus</b>, <i>we shall be</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>is</b>, <i>thou wilt be</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>itis</b>, <i>you will be</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>it</b>, <i>he will be</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">er<b>unt</b>, <i>they will be</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Perfect</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>ī</b>, <i>I have been, was</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>imus</b>, <i>we have been, were</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>istī</b>, <i>thou hast been, wast</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>istis</b>, <i>you have been, were</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>it</b>, <i>he has been, was</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>ērunt</b>, fuēre, <i>they have been, +were</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Pluperfect</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>eram</b>, <i>I had been</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erāmus</b>, <i>we had been</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erās</b>, <i>thou hadst been</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erātis</b>, <i>you had been</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erat</b>, <i>he had been</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erant</b>, <i>they had been</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Future Perfect</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erō</b>, <i>I shall have been</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erimus</b>, <i>we shall have been</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>eris</b>, <i>thou wilt have been</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>eritis</b>, <i>you will have been</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erit</b>, <i>he will have been</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fu<b>erint</b>, <i>they will have been</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Subjunctive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "2">Present</th> +<th colspan = "2">Imperfect</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead">SINGULAR</td> +<td class = "smallhead">PLURAL</td> +<td class = "smallhead">SINGULAR</td> +<td class = "smallhead">PLURAL</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>s<b>im</b></td> +<td>s<b>īmus</b></td> +<td>es<b>sem</b></td> +<td>es<b>sēmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>s<b>īs</b></td> +<td>s<b>ītis</b></td> +<td>es<b>sēs</b></td> +<td>es<b>sētis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>s<b>it</b></td> +<td>s<b>int</b></td> +<td>es<b>set</b></td> +<td>es<b>sent</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "2">Perfect</th> +<th colspan = "2">Pluperfect</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>fu<b>erim</b></td> +<td>fu<b>erimus</b></td> +<td>fu<b>issem</b></td> +<td>fu<b>issēmus</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>fu<b>eris</b></td> +<td>fu<b>eritis</b></td> +<td>fu<b>issēs</b></td> +<td>fu<b>issētis</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>fu<b>erit</b></td> +<td>fu<b>erint</b></td> +<td>fu<b>isset</b></td> +<td>fu<b>issent</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Imperative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +PRESENT</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +FUTURE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>2d Pers. Sing.</i> <b>es</b>, <i>be thou</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>2d Pers. Sing.</i> es<b>tō</b>, <i>thou shalt be</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>2d Pers. Plur.</i> es<b>te</b>, <i>be ye</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>3d Pers. Sing.</i> es<b>tō</b>, <i>he shall be</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>2d Pers. Plur.</i> es<b>tōte</b>, <i>ye shall be</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>3d Pers. Plur.</i> s<b>untō</b>, <i>they shall be</i></p> +</td> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "2"> +Infinitive</th> +<th colspan = "2"> +Participle</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Pres.</i> es<b>se</b>, <i>to be</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<i>Perf.</i> fu<b>isse</b>, <i>to have been</i></td> +<td colspan = "2"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>Fut.</i> <b>futūrus, -a, -um esse</b> or <b>fore</b>,<br> +<i>to be about to be</i> +</p></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<b>futūrus, -a, -um</b>, <i>about to be</i></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">256</span> +<a name = "page256"> </a> +<a name = "sec495"><b>495.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>possum</b>, <i>be able, can</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>possum, posse, potuī</b>, —— +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Indicative</th> +<th colspan = "2">Subjunctive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallhead">SINGULAR</td> +<td class = "smallhead">PLURAL</td> +<td class = "smallhead">SINGULAR</td> +<td class = "smallhead">PLURAL</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>possum</td> +<td>pos´sumus</td> +<td>possim</td> +<td>possī´mus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>potes</td> +<td>potes´tis</td> +<td>possīs</td> +<td>possī´tis</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>potest</td> +<td>possunt</td> +<td>possit</td> +<td>possint</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td>poteram</td> +<td>poterāmus</td> +<td>possem</td> +<td>possē´mus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td>poterō</td> +<td>poterimus</td> +<td>——</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>potuī</td> +<td>potuimus</td> +<td>potuerim</td> +<td>potuerimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td>potueram</td> +<td>potuerāmus</td> +<td>potuissem</td> +<td>potuissēmus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>F. P.</i></td> +<td>potuerō</td> +<td>potuerimus</td> +<td>——</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Infinitive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Pres.</i> posse</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Perf.</i> potuisse</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Participle</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Pres.</i> potens, <i>gen</i>. -entis, (adjective) +<i>powerful</i></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec496"><b>496.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>prōsum</b>, <i>benefit</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> <b>prōdes-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> <b>prōfu-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> <b>prōfut-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Indicative</th> +<th colspan = "2">Subjunctive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallhead">SINGULAR</td> +<td class = "smallhead">PLURAL</td> +<td class = "smallhead">SINGULAR</td> +<td class = "smallhead">PLURAL</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>prōsum</td> +<td>prō´sumus</td> +<td>prōsim</td> +<td>prōsī´mus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>prōdes</td> +<td>prōdes´tis</td> +<td>prōsīs</td> +<td>prōsī´tis</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>prōdest</td> +<td>prōsunt</td> +<td>prōsit</td> +<td>prōsint</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td>prōderam</td> +<td>prōderāmus</td> +<td>prōdessem</td> +<td>prodessē´mus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td>prōderō</td> +<td>prōderimus</td> +<td>——</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>prōfuī</td> +<td>prōfuimus</td> +<td>prōfuerim</td> +<td>prōfuerimus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td>prōfueram</td> +<td>prōfuerāmus</td> +<td>prōfuissem</td> +<td>prōfuissēmus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>F. P.</i></td> +<td>prōfuerō</td> +<td>prōfuerimus</td> +<td>——</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Imperative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Pres. 2d Pers.</i> prōdes, prōdeste</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Fut. 2d Pers.</i> prōdestō, prōdestōte</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Infinitive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Pres.</i> prōdesse</td> +<td><i>Perf.</i> prōfuisse</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Fut.</i> prōfutūrus, -a, -um esse</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Future Participle</span> prōfutūrus, -a, -um +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">257</span> +<a name = "page257"> </a> +<a name = "sec497"><b>497.</b></a></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead"> +Principal<br> +Parts</td> +<td><p class = "hanging"> +<b>volō, velle, voluī</b>, ——, +<i>be willing, will, wish</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>nōlō, nōlle, nōluī</b>, ——, +<i>be unwilling, will not</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>mālō, mālle, māluī</b>, ——, +<i>be more willing, prefer</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><b>Nōlō</b> and <b>mālō</b> are compounds of <b>volō</b>. <b>Nōlō</b> +is for <b>ne</b> (<i>not</i>) + <b>volō</b>, and <b>mālō</b> for +<b>mā</b> (from <b>magis</b>, <i>more</i>) + <b>volō</b>. The second +person <b>vīs</b> is from a different root.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Indicative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4">SINGULAR</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>volō</td> +<td>nōlō</td> +<td>mālō</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>vīs</td> +<td>nōn vis</td> +<td>māvīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>vult</td> +<td>nōn vult</td> +<td>māvult</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4">PLURAL</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>volumus</td> +<td>nōlumus</td> +<td>mālumus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>vultis</td> +<td>nōn vultis</td> +<td>māvul´tis +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>volunt</td> +<td>nōlunt</td> +<td>mālunt</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td>volēbam</td> +<td>nōlēbam</td> +<td>mālēbam</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td>volam, volēs, etc.</td> +<td>nōlam, nōlēs, etc.</td> +<td>mālam, mālēs, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>voluī</td> +<td>nōluī</td> +<td>māluī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td>volueram</td> +<td>nōlueram</td> +<td>mālueram</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>F. P.</i></td> +<td>voluerō</td> +<td>nōluerō</td> +<td>māluerō</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Subjunctive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4">SINGULAR</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>velim</td> +<td>nōlim</td> +<td>mālim</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>velīs</td> +<td>nōlīs</td> +<td>mālīs</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>velit</td> +<td>nōlit</td> +<td>mālit</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4">PLURAL</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>velī´mus</td> +<td>nōlī´mus</td> +<td>mālī´mus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>velī´tis</td> +<td>nōlī´tis</td> +<td>mālī´tis</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>velint</td> +<td>nōlint</td> +<td>mālint</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td>vellem</td> +<td>nōllem</td> +<td>māllem</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>voluerim</td> +<td>nōluerim</td> +<td>māluerim</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td>voluissem</td> +<td>nōluissem</td> +<td>māluissem</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Imperative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>——</td> +<td> +<p> +nōlī<br> +nōlīte +</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td>——</td> +<td>nōlītō, etc.</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +<span class = "pagenum">258</span> +<a name = "page258"> </a> +Infinitive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>velle</td> +<td>nōlle</td> +<td>mālle</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td>voluisse</td> +<td>nōluisse</td> +<td>māluisse</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Participle</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>volēns, -entis</td> +<td>nōlēns, -entis</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec498"><b>498.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>ferō</b>, <i>bear, carry, +endure</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "4"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> <b>fer-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> <b>tul-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> <b>lāt-</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Indicative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2">ACTIVE</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2">PASSIVE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td>ferō</td> +<td>ferimus</td> +<td>feror</td> +<td>ferimur</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>fers</td> +<td>fertīs</td> +<td>ferris, -re</td> +<td>ferimimī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>fert</td> +<td>ferunt</td> +<td>fertur</td> +<td>feruntur</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">ferēbam</td> +<td colspan = "2">ferēbar</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">feram, ferēs, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2">ferar, ferēris, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">tulī</td> +<td colspan = "2">lātus, -a, -um sum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">tuleram</td> +<td colspan = "2">lātus, -a, -um eram</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>F. P.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">tulerō</td> +<td colspan = "2">lātus, -a, -um erō</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Subjunctive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">feram, ferās, etc.</td> +<td colspan = "2">ferar, ferāris, etc.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">ferrem</td> +<td colspan = "2">ferrer</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">tulerim</td> +<td colspan = "2">lātus, -a, -um sim</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">tulissem</td> +<td colspan = "2">lātus, -a, -um essem</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Imperative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Pres. 2d Pers.</i> fer</td> +<td>ferte</td> +<td>ferre</td> +<td>feriminī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Fut. 2d Pers.</i> fertō</td> +<td>fertōte</td> +<td>fertor</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2"><i>3d Pers.</i> fertō</td> +<td>ferunto</td> +<td>fertor</td> +<td>feruntor</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Infinitive</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">ferre</td> +<td colspan = "2">ferrī</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">tulisse</td> +<td colspan = "2">lātus, -a, -um esse</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">lātūrus, -a, -um esse</td> +<td colspan = "2">——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "4">Participles</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">ferēns, -entis</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Pres.</i> ——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">lātūrus, -a, -um</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Ger.</i> ferendus, -a, -um</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">——</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Perf.</i> lātus, -a, -um</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "2"> +<span class = "pagenum">259</span> +<a name = "page259"> </a> +Gerund</th> +<td class = "center"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Supine</span> (Active Voice)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Gen.</i> ferendī</td> +<td><i>Acc.</i> ferendum</td> +<td><i>Acc.</i> [lātum]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Dat.</i> ferendō</td> +<td><i>Abl.</i> ferendō</td> +<td><i>Abl.</i> [lātū]</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec499"><b>499.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>eō</b>, <i>go</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "5"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>eō, īre, iī</b> (<b>īvī</b>), <b>ĭtum</b> (n. perf. part.) +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "5"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Pres. Stem</span> <b>ī-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Perf. Stem</span> <b>ī-</b> +or <b>īv-</b> +<span class = "smallcaps">Part. Stem</span> <b>it-</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2" rowspan = "2">Indicative</th> +<th rowspan = "2">Subjunctive</th> +<th colspan = "2">Imperative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "smallest">SING.</td> +<td class = "smallest">PLUR.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td> +eō<br> +īs<br> +it +</td> +<td> +īmus<br> +ītis<br> +eunt +</td> +<td>eam</td> +<td><i>2d Pers.</i> ī</td> +<td>īte</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">ībam</td> +<td>īrem</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td class = "middle" colspan = "2">ībō</td> +<td class = "middle">——</td> +<td class = "leftline"> +<i>2d Pers.</i> ītō<br> +<i>3d Pers.</i> ītō +</td> +<td> +ītōte<br> +euntō +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">iī (īvī)</td> +<td>ierim (īverim)</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Plup.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">ieram (īveram)</td> +<td>īssem (īvissem)</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>F. P.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">ierō (īverō) +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2"> +Infinitive</th> +<th colspan = "4"> +Participles</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">īre</td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Pres.</i> iēns, <i>gen.</i> euntis +(<a href = "#sec472">§ 472</a>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">īsse (īvisse)</td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Fut.</i> itūrus, -a, -um</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">itūrus, -a, -um esse</td> +<td colspan = "4"><i>Ger.</i> eundum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +<th>Gerund</th> +<th colspan = "2">Supine</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +<td><i>Gen.</i> eundī</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Acc.</i> [itum]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +<td><i>Dat.</i> eundō</td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Abl.</i> [itū]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +<td><i>Acc.</i> eundum</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +<td><i>Abl.</i> eundō</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>a.</i> The verb <b>eō</b> is used impersonally in the third person +singular of the passive, as <b>ītur</b>, <b>itum est</b>, +<i>etc.</i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<i>b.</i> In the perfect system the forms with <b>v</b> are very +rare.</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec500"><b>500.</b></a> +<span class = "midplain"><b>fīō</b>, passive of <b>faciō</b>; +<i>be made, become, happen</i></span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class = "center" colspan = "5"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Principal Parts</span> +<b>fīō, fierī, factus sum</b> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2">Indicative</th> +<th>Subjunctive</th> +<th colspan = "2">Imperative</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td> +fīō<br> +fīs<br> +fit +</td> +<td> +——<br> +——<br> +fīunt +</td> +<td>fīam</td> +<td><i>2d Pers.</i> fī</td> +<td>fīte</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Impf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fīēbam</td> +<td>fierem</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fīam</td> +<td>——</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum">260</span> +<a name = "page260"> </a> +<i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">factus, -a, -um sum</td> +<td>factus, -a, -um sim</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<i>Plup.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">factus, -a, -um eram</td> +<td>factus, -a, -um essem +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<i>F. P.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">factus, -a, -um erō</td> +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2"> +Infinitive</th> +<td></td> +<th colspan = "2"> +Participles</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Pres.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">fierī</td> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Perf.</i> factus, -a, -um</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Perf.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">factus, -a, -um esse</td> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "2"><i>Ger.</i> faciendus, -a, -um</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><i>Fut.</i></td> +<td colspan = "2">[factum īrī]</td> +<td></td><td></td><td></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "../images/pic260.png" width = "212" height = "352" +alt = "Fortification protected by a wall and a ditch"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +CASTRA MURO FOSSAQUE MUNIUNTUR</span></p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">261</span> +<a name = "page261"> </a> +<h3>APPENDIX II</h3> + + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec501"><b>501.</b></a> +<span class = "midfat">RULES OF SYNTAX</span></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "smallcaps">Note.</span> The rules of syntax are here +classified and numbered consecutively. The number of the text section in +which the rule appears is given at the end of each.</p> + +<p><i><b>Nominative Case</b></i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_1"><b>1.</b></a> +The subject of a finite verb is in the nominative and answers the +question Who? or What? <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec36">§ 36</a>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Agreement</b></i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_2"><b>2.</b></a> +A finite verb must always be in the same person and number as its +subject. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec28">§ 28</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_3"><b>3.</b></a> +A predicate noun agrees in case with the subject of the verb. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec76">§ 76</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_4"><b>4.</b></a> +An appositive agrees in case with the noun which it explains. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec81">§ 81</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_5"><b>5.</b></a> +Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec65">§ 65</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_6"><b>6.</b></a> +A predicate adjective completing a complementary infinitive agrees in +gender, number, and case with the subject of the main verb. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec215">§ 215. <i>a</i></a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_7"><b>7.</b></a> +A relative pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender and number; +but its case is determined by the way it is used in its own clause. <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec224">§ 224</a>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Prepositions</b></i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_8"><b>8.</b></a> +A noun governed by a preposition must be in the accusative or ablative +case. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec52">§ 52</a>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Genitive Case</b></i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_9"><b>9.</b></a> +The word denoting the owner or possessor of something is in the genitive +and answers the question Whose? <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec38">§ 38</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_10"><b>10.</b></a> +The possessive genitive often stands in the predicate, especially after +the forms of <b>sum</b>, and is then called the <i>predicate +genitive</i>. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec409">§ 409</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_11"><b>11.</b></a> +Words denoting a part are often used with the genitive of the whole, +known as <i>the partitive genitive</i>. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec331">§ 331</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_12"><b>12.</b></a> +Numerical descriptions of measure are expressed by the genitive with a +modifying adjective. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec443">§ 443</a>.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "pagenum">262</span> +<a name = "page262"> </a> +<i><b>Dative Case</b></i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_13"><b>13.</b></a> +The indirect object of a verb is in the dative. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec45">§ 45</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_14"><b>14.</b></a> +The dative of the indirect object is used with the intransitive verbs +<b>crēdō</b>, <b>faveō</b>, <b>noceō</b>, <b>pāreō</b>, +<b>persuādeō</b>, <b>resistō</b>, <b>studeō</b>, and others of like +meaning. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec154">§ 154</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_15"><b>15.</b></a> +Some verbs compounded with <b>ad</b>, <b>ante</b>, <b>con</b>, +<b>dē</b>, <b>in</b>, <b>inter</b>, <b>ob</b>, <b>post</b>, <b>prae</b>, +<b>prō</b>, <b>sub</b>, <b>super</b>, admit the dative of the indirect +object. Transitive compounds may take both an accusative and a dative. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_16"><b>16.</b></a> +The dative is used with adjectives to denote the object toward which the +given quality is directed. Such are, especially, those meaning +<i>near</i>, also <i>fit, friendly, pleasing, like</i>, and their +opposites. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec143">§ 143</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_17"><b>17.</b></a> +The dative is used to denote the <i>purpose</i> or <i>end for which</i>; +often with another dative denoting <i>the person or thing affected</i>. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec437">§ 437</a>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Accusative Case</b></i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_18"><b>18.</b></a> +The direct object of a transitive verb is in the accusative and answers +the question Whom? or What? <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec37">§ 37</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_19"><b>19.</b></a> +The subject of the infinitive is in the accusative. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec214">§ 214</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_20"><b>20.</b></a> +The <i>place to which</i> is expressed by <b>ad</b> or <b>in</b> with +the accusative. Before names of towns, small islands, <b>domus</b>, and +<b>rūs</b> the preposition is omitted. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec263">§§ 263</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec266">266</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_21"><b>21.</b></a> +<i>Duration of time</i> and <i>extent of space</i> are expressed by the +accusative. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec336">§ 336</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_22"><b>22.</b></a> +Verbs of <i>making, choosing, calling, showing</i>, and the like, may +take a <i>predicate accusative</i> along with the direct object. With +the passive voice the two accusatives become nominatives. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec392">§ 392</a>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Ablative Case</b></i></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_23"><b>23.</b></a> +<i>Cause</i> is denoted by the ablative without a preposition. This +answers the question Because of what? <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec102">§ 102</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_24"><b>24.</b></a> +<i>Means</i> is denoted by the ablative without a preposition. This +answers the question By means of what? or With what? <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec103">§ 103</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_25"><b>25.</b></a> +<i>Accompaniment</i> is denoted by the ablative with <b>cum</b>. This +answers the question With whom? <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec104">§ 104</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_26"><b>26.</b></a> +The ablative with <b>cum</b> is used to denote the manner of an action. +<b>Cum</b> may be omitted, if an adjective is used with the ablative. +This answers the question How? or In what manner? <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec105">§ 105</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_27"><b>27.</b></a> +With comparatives and words implying comparison the ablative is used to +denote the <i>measure of difference</i>. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec317">§ 317</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<span class = "pagenum">263</span> +<a name = "page263"> </a> +<a name = "sec501_28"><b>28.</b></a> +The ablative of a noun or pronoun with a present or perfect participle +in agreement is used to express attendant circumstance. This is called +the <i>ablative absolute</i>. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec381">§ 381</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_29"><b>29.</b></a> +1. Descriptions of physical characteristics are expressed by the +ablative with a modifying adjective. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec444">§ 444</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +2. Descriptions involving neither numerical statements nor physical +characteristics may be expressed by either the genitive or the ablative +with a modifying adjective. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec445">§ 445</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_30"><b>30.</b></a> +The ablative is used to denote <i>in what respect</i> something is true. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec398">§ 398</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_31"><b>31.</b></a> +The <i>place from which</i> is expressed by <b>ā</b> or <b>ab</b>, +<b>dē</b>, <b>ē</b> or <b>ex</b> with the separative ablative. This +answers the question Whence? Before names of towns, small islands, +<b>domus</b>, and <b>rūs</b> the preposition is omitted. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec264">§§ 264</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec266">266</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_32"><b>32.</b></a> +Words expressing separation or deprivation require an ablative to +complete their meaning. This is called the <i>ablative of +separation</i>. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec180">§ 180</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_33"><b>33.</b></a> +The word expressing the person from whom an action starts, when not the +subject, is put in the ablative with the preposition <b>ā</b> or +<b>ab</b>. This is called the <i>ablative of the personal agent</i>. <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec181">§ 181</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_34"><b>34.</b></a> +The comparative degree, if <b>quam</b> is omitted, is followed by the +separative ablative. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec309">§ 309</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_35"><b>35.</b></a> +The <i>time when or within which</i> anything happens is expressed by +the ablative without a preposition. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec275">§ 275</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_36"><b>36.</b></a> +1. The <i>place at or in which</i> is expressed by the ablative with +<b>in</b>. This answers the question Where? Before names of towns, small +islands, and <b>rūs</b> the preposition is omitted. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec265">§§ 265</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec266">266</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +2. Names of towns and small islands, if singular and of the first or +second declension, and the word <b>domus</b> express the <i>place in +which</i> by the locative. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec268">§ 268</a>.</p> + +<p><b><i>Gerund and Gerundive</i></b></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_37"><b>37.</b></a> +1. The gerund is a verbal noun and is used only in the genitive, dative, +accusative, and ablative singular. The constructions of these cases are +in general the same as those of other nouns. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec406">§ 406. 1</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +2. The gerundive is a verbal adjective and must be used instead of +gerund + object, excepting in the genitive and in the ablative without a +preposition. Even in these instances the gerundive construction is more +usual. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec406">§ 406. 2</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_38"><b>38.</b></a> +The accusative of the gerund or gerundive with <b>ad</b>, or the +genitive with <b>causā</b>, is used to express purpose. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec407">§ 407</a>.</p> + +<p> +<span class = "pagenum">264</span> +<a name = "page264"> </a> +<b><i>Moods and Tenses of Verbs</i></b></p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_39"><b>39.</b></a> +Primary tenses are followed by primary tenses, and secondary by +secondary. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec358">§ 358</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_40"><b>40.</b></a> +The subjunctive is used in a dependent clause to express the +<i>purpose</i> of the action in the principal clause. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec349">§ 349</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_41"><b>41.</b></a> +<i>A substantive clause of purpose</i> with the subjunctive is used as +object with verbs of <i>commanding, urging, asking, persuading</i>, or +<i>advising</i>, where in English we should usually have the infinitive. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec366">§ 366</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_42"><b>42.</b></a> +Verbs of <i>fearing</i> are followed by a substantive clause of purpose +introduced by <b>ut</b> (<i>that not</i>) or <b>nē</b> (<i>that</i> or +<i>lest</i>). <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec372">§ 372</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_43"><b>43.</b></a> +<i>Consecutive clauses of result</i> are introduced by <b>ut</b> or +<b>ut nōn</b>, and have the verb in the subjunctive. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec385">§ 385</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_44"><b>44.</b></a> +<i>Object clauses of result</i> with <b>ut</b> or <b>ut nōn</b> are +found after verbs of effecting or bringing about. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec386">§ 386</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_45"><b>45.</b></a> +A relative clause with the subjunctive is often used to describe an +antecedent. This is called the <i>subjunctive of characteristic or +description</i>. <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec390">§ 390</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_46"><b>46.</b></a> +The conjunction <b>cum</b> means <i>when, since</i>, or <i>although</i>. +It is followed by the subjunctive unless it means <i>when</i> and its +clause fixes the time at which the main action took place. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec396">§ 396</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_47"><b>47.</b></a> +When a direct statement becomes indirect, the principal verb is changed +to the infinitive, and its subject nominative becomes subject accusative +of the infinitive. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec416">§ 416</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_48"><b>48.</b></a> +The accusative-with-infinitive construction in indirect statements is +found after verbs of <i>saying, telling, knowing, thinking</i>, and +<i>perceiving</i>. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec419">§ 419</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_49"><b>49.</b></a> +A present indicative of a direct statement becomes present infinitive of +the indirect, a past indicative becomes perfect infinitive, and a future +indicative becomes future infinitive. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec418">§ 418</a>.</p> + +<p class = "note"> +<a name = "sec501_50"><b>50.</b></a> +In an <i>indirect question</i> the verb is in the subjunctive and its +tense is determined by the law for tense sequence. <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec432">§ 432</a>.</p> + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "../images/pic264.png" width = "143" height = "199" +alt = "seated lady"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +DOMINA</span></p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">265</span> +<a name = "page265"> </a> +<h3>APPENDIX III</h3> + +<h4>REVIEWS<span class = "tag">1</span></h4> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. It is suggested that each of these reviews be assigned for a written +test.</div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_I"> +I. REVIEW OF VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR THROUGH LESSON VIII</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_IX">Lesson IX</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec502"><b>502.</b></a> +<b>Give the English of the following words:</b><span class = +"tag">1</span></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Nouns</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +agricola<br> +ancilla<br> +<b>aqua</b><br> +<b>casa</b><br> +<b>causa</b><br> +cēna<br> +<b>corōna</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>dea</b><br> +domina<br> +fābula<br> +<b>fera</b><br> +<b>fīlia</b><br> +<b>fortūna</b><br> +<b>fuga</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>gallīna</b><br> +iniūria<br> +<b>īnsula</b><br> +<b>lūna</b><br> +<b>nauta</b><br> +<b>pecūnia</b><br> +puella</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>pugna</b><br> +<b>sagitta</b><br> +<b>silva</b><br> +<b>terra</b><br> +<b>tuba</b><br> +<b>via</b><br> +<b>victōria</b></p></td> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "6">Adjectives</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>alta</b><br> +<b>bona</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>clāra</b><br> +<b>grāta</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>lāta</b><br> +<b>longa</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>magna</b><br> +<b>mala</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>nova</b><br> +<b>parva</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>pulchra</b><br> +<b>sōla</b></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "7">Verbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +amat<br> +<b>dat</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>est</b><br> +habitat</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>labōrat</b><br> +<b>laudat</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +nārrat<br> +<b>necat</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>nūntiat</b><br> +<b>parat</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>portat</b><br> +<b>pugnat</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>sunt</b><br> +<b>vocat</b></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th>Prepositions</th> +<th>Pronouns</th> +<th>Adverbs</th> +<th>Conjunctions</th> +<th>Interrogative<br> +Particle</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ā</b> or <b>ab</b><br> +<b>ad</b><br> +<b>cum</b><br> +<b>dē</b><br> +<b>ē</b> or <b>ex</b><br> +<b>in</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>mea</b><br> +<b>tua</b><br> +<b>quis</b><br> +<b>cuius</b><br> +<b>cui</b><br> +<b>quem</b><br> +<b>quid</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>cūr</b><br> +<b>deinde</b><br> +<b>nōn</b><br> +<b>ubi</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>et</b><br> +quia<br> +<b>quod</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>-ne</b></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Proper nouns and proper adjectives are not repeated in the reviews. +Words used in Cassar’s “Gallic War” are in heavy type.</div> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">266</span> +<a name = "page266"> </a> +<a name = "sec503"><b>503.</b></a> +<b>Give the Latin of the following words:</b><span class = +"tag">1</span></p> + +<p>Underline the words you do not remember. Do not look up a single word +till you have gone through the entire list. Then drill on the words you +have underlined.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>flight</i><br> +story<br> +<i>new</i><br> +lives (verb)<br> +<i>away from</i><br> +<i>who</i><br> +<i>why</i><br> +<i>forest</i><br> +<i>wreath</i><br> +<i>deep, high</i><br> +dinner<br> +<i>famous</i><br> +<i>cottage</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>battle</i> (noun)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>trumpet</i><br> +lady, mistress<br> +<i>whom</i><br> +<i>island</i></p></td> + +<td width = "25%"><p class = "nospace"> +<i>wide</i><br> +tells<br> +<i>money</i><br> +<i>calls</i><br> +<i>with</i><br> +<i>your</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>then, in the<br> +next place</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>daughter</i><br> +<i>to whom</i><br> +<i>fortune</i><br> +<i>out from</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>labors</i> (verb)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>gives</i><br> +<i>small</i><br> +<i>in</i><br> +<i>and</i><br> +<i>sailor</i><br> +farmer</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>goddess</i><br> +<i>wild beast</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>praises</i> (verb)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>alone</i><br> +<i>pleasing</i><br> +<i>prepares</i><br> +<i>are</i><br> +<i>to</i><br> +<i>because</i><br> +<i>arrow</i><br> +<i>my</i><br> +<i>kills</i><br> +girl</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>fights</i> (verb)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>carries</i><br> +<i>chicken</i><br> +<i>victory</i><br> +<i>land</i></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>what</i><br> +<i>way</i><br> +<i>bad</i><br> +loves<br> +<i>pretty</i><br> +<i>water</i><br> +<i>great</i><br> +<i>is</i><br> +<i>announces</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>injury, wrong</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>where</i><br> +<i>not</i><br> +<i>good</i><br> +maid<br> +<i>down from</i><br> +<i>long</i><br> +<i>cause</i><br> +<i>whose</i></p></td> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. The translations of words used in Cæsar are in italics.</div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec504"><b>504.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> How many syllables has a Latin word? How are +words divided into syllables? What is the ultima? the penult? the +antepenult? When is a syllable short? When is a syllable long? What is +the law of Latin accent? Define the subject of a sentence; the +predicate; the object; the copula. What is inflection? declension? +conjugation? What is the ending of the verb in the third person +singular, and what in the plural? What does the form of a noun show? +Name the Latin cases. What case is used for the subject? the direct +object? the possessor? What relation is expressed by the dative case? +Give the rule for the indirect object. How are questions answered in +Latin? What is a predicate adjective? an attributive adjective? What is +meant by agreement? Give the rule for the agreement of the adjective. +What are the three relations expressed by the ablative? What can you say +of the position of the possessive pronoun? the modifying genitive? the +adjective? What is the base? What is grammatical gender? What is the +rule for gender in the first declension? What are the general principles +of Latin word order?</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">267</span> +<a name = "page267"> </a> +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec505"><b>505.</b></a> +Fill out the following summary of the first declension:</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead" rowspan = "4"> +The First or Ā-Declension</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +1. Ending in the nominative singular</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +2. Rule for gender</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"> +3. Case terminations</td> +<td class = "leftline"> +a. Singular<br> +b. Plural</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +4. Irregular nouns</td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_IX">Go on to Lesson IX</a></div> + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_II"> +II. REVIEW OF LESSONS IX-XVII</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XVIII">Lesson XVIII</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec506"><b>506.</b></a> +<b>Give the English of the following words:</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "6"> +Nouns of the First Declension +</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>agrī cultūra</b><br> +<b>cōnstantia</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>cōpia</b><br> +<b>dīligentia</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>fāma</b><br> +fēmina +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>galea</b><br> +<b>inopia</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>lacrima</b><br> +<b>lōrīca</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>patria</b><br> +<b>praeda</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Nouns of the Second Declension +</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ager</b><br> +<b>amīcus</b><br> +<b>arma</b> (plural)<br> +<b>auxilium</b><br> +<b>bellum</b><br> +<b>carrus</b><br> +<b>castrum</b></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>cibus</b><br> +<b>cōnsilium</b><br> +<b>domicilium</b><br> +dominus<br> +<b>equus</b><br> +<b>fīlius</b><br> +fluvius</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>frūmentum</b><br> +<b>gladius</b><br> +<b>lēgātus</b><br> +<b>līberī</b><br> +magister<br> +<b>mūrus</b><br> +<b>numerus</b></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>oppidānus</b><br> +<b>oppidum</b><br> +<b>pīlum</b><br> +<b>populus</b><br> +<b>praemium</b><br> +<b>proelium</b><br> +<b>puer</b></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>scūtum</b><br> +<b>servus</b><br> +<b>studium</b><br> +<b>tēlum</b><br> +<b>vīcus</b><br> +<b>vir</b></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Adjectives of the First and Second Declensons +</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aeger, aegra, aegrum</b><br> +<b>alius, alia, aliud</b><br> +<b>alter, altera, alterum</b><br> +<b>armātus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>crēber, crēbra, crēbrum</b><br> +<b>dūrus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>fīnitimus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>īnfīrmus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>legiōnārius, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>līber, lībera, līberum</b><br> +<b>mātūrus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>meus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>miser, misera, miserum</b><br> +<b>multus, -a, -um</b></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>neuter, neutra, neutrum</b><br> +<b>noster, nostra, nostrum</b><br> +<b>alter, altera, alterum</b><br> +<b>pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum</b><br> +<b>sōlus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>suus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>fīnitimus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>tuus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>ūllus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>ūnus, -a, -um</b><br> +<b>uter, utra, utrum</b><br> +validus, -a, -um<br> +<b>vester, vestra, vestrum</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th> +<span class = "pagenum">268</span> +<a name = "page268"> </a> +Verbs</th> +<th>Demonstrative<br> +Pronoun</th> +<th>Adverbs</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +arat<br> +<b>cūrat</b><br> +<b>dēsīderat</b><br> +<b>mātūrat</b><br> +<b>properat</b> +</p></td> + +<td width = "33%"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>is, ea, id</b></p> +<p class = "smallcaps">Conjunctions</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<b>an</b><br> +<b>-que</b><br> +<b>sed</b> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>iam</b><br> +quō<br> +<b>saepe</b></p> +<p class = "smallcaps">Preposition</p> +<b>apud</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec507"><b>507.</b></a> +<b>Give the Latin of the following words:</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>sword</i><br> +<i>corselet</i><br> +<i>man</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>your</i> (plural)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>hasten</i><br> +<i>but</i><br> +<i>among</i><br> +<i>tear</i> (noun)<br> +<i>village</i><br> +strong<br> +<i>long for</i><br> +<i>and</i> (enclitic)<br> +<i>often</i><br> +<i>want</i> (noun)<br> +<i>which</i> (of two)<br> +<i>care for</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>or</i> (in a question)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +whither<br> +<i>wagon</i><br> +<i>townsman</i><br> +<i>wretched</i><br> +<i>ripe</i><br> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>war</i><br> +<i>number</i><br> +<i>my</i><br> +<i>free</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>children</i><br> +<i>wall</i><br> +<i>grain</i><br> +<i>weapon</i><br> +<i>one</i><br> +plow (verb)<br> +<i>this</i> or <i>that</i><br> +<i>already</i><br> +<i>helmet</i><br> +river<br> +<i>zeal</i><br> +<i>any</i><br> +<i>he</i><br> +<i>son</i><br> +<i>slave</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>your</i> (singular)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>she</i><br> +<i>woman</i><br> +<i>horse</i><br> +</p></td> + +<td width = "25%"><p class = "nospace"> +<i>shield</i> (noun)<br> +<i>whole</i><br> +<i>it</i><br> +<i>aid</i> (noun)<br> +<i>legionary</i><br> +<i>weak</i><br> +<i>arms</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +master<br> +(of school)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>friend</i><br> +<i>neighboring</i><br> +<i>sick</i><br> +<i>lieutenant</i><br> +<i>field</i><br> +<i>report, rumor</i><br> +<i>abode</i><br> +<i>boy</i><br> +<i>his own</i><br> +<i>alone</i><br> +<i>prize</i> (noun)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +master (owner)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>carefulness</i><br> +<i>plenty</i><br> +<i>troops</i><br> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>plan</i> (noun)<br> +<i>people</i><br> +<i>beautiful</i><br> +<i>no</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>our</i><br> +<i>battle</i><br> +<i>spear</i><br> +<i>food</i><br> +<i>steadiness</i><br> +<i>fatherland</i><br> +<i>town</i><br> +<i>fort</i><br> +<i>camp</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>neither</i> (of two)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>much</i><br> +<i>agriculture</i><br> +<i>other</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>the other</i> (of two)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>hard</i><br> +<i>booty</i><br> +<i>frequent</i><br> +<i>armed</i><br> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec508"><b>508.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> How many declensions are there? What three +things must be known about a noun before it can be declined? What three +cases of neuter nouns are always alike, and in what do they end in the +plural? What two plural cases are always alike? When is the vocative +singular not like the nominative? What is a predicate noun? With what +does it agree? What is an appositive? Give the rule for the agreement of +an appositive. How can we tell whether a noun in <b>-er</b> is declined +like <b>puer</b> or like <b>ager</b>? +<span class = "pagenum">269</span> +<a name = "page269"> </a> +Decline <b>bonus</b>, <b>līber</b>, <b>pulcher</b>. How can we tell +whether an adjective in <b>-er</b> is declined like <b>līber</b> or like +<b>pulcher</b>? Why must we say <b>nauta bonus</b> and not <b>nauta +bona</b>? Name the Latin possessive pronouns. How are they declined? +With what does the possessive pronoun agree? When do we use <b>tuus</b> +and when <b>vester</b>? Why is <b>suus</b> called a <i>reflexive</i> +possessive? What is the non-reflexive possessive of the third person? +When are possessives omitted? What four uses of the ablative case are +covered by the relations expressed in English by <i>with</i>? Give an +illustration in Latin of the <i>ablative of manner</i>; of the +<i>ablative of cause</i>; of the <i>ablative of means</i>; of the +<i>ablative of accompaniment</i>. What ablative regularly has +<b>cum</b>? What ablative sometimes has <b>cum</b>? What uses of the +ablative never have <b>cum</b>? Name the nine pronominal adjectives, +with their meanings. Decline <b>alius</b>, <b>nūllus</b>. Decline +<b>is</b>. What does <b>is</b> mean as a demonstrative adjective or +pronoun? What other important use has it?</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec509"><b>509.</b></a> +Fill out the following summary of the second declension:</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead" rowspan = "7"> +The Second or<br> +O-Declension</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +1. Endings in the nominative</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +2. Rule for gender</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"> +3. Case terminations of nouns in <b>-us</b></td> +<td class = "leftline"> +a. Singular<br> +b. Plural</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2"> +a. The vocative singular of nouns in <b>-us</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "middle"> +4. Case terminations of nouns in <b>-um</b></td> +<td class = "leftline"> +a. Singular<br> +b. Plural</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +5. Peculiarities of nouns in <b>-er</b> and <b>-ir</b></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +6. Peculiarities of nouns in <b>-ius</b> and <b>-ium</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XVIII">Go on to Lesson +XVIII</a></div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_III"> +III. REVIEW OF LESSONS XVIII-XXVI</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXVII">Lesson XXVII</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec510"><b>510.</b></a> +<b>Give the English of the following words:</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Nouns of the First Declension</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>disciplīna</b><br> +<b>fōrma</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>poena</b><br> +<b>potentia</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +rēgīna<br> +superbia</p></td> +<td><b>trīstitia</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Nouns of the Second Declension</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>lūdus</td> +<td><b>ōrnāmentum</b></td> +<td>sacrum</td> +<td><b>socius</b></td> +<td><b>verbum</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5"> +Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>amīcus</b><br> +<b>antīquus</b><br> +<b>fīnitimus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>grātus</b><br> +<b>idōneus</b><br> +<b>inimīcus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>interfectus</b><br> +īrātus<br> +<b>laetus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>molestus</b><br> +<b>perpetuus</b><br> +<b>proximus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>septem</b><br> +<b>superbus</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "2"> +<span class = "pagenum">270</span> +<a name = "page270"> </a> +Adverbs</th> +<th>Conjunctions</th> +<th>Personal Pronoun</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +hodiē<br> +<b>ibi</b><br> +<b>maximē</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +mox<br> +<b>nunc</b><br> +<b>nūper</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>etiam</b><br> +<b>nōn sōlum ... sed etiam</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ego</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Verbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead">CONJ. I</td> +<td class = "smallhead">CONJ. II</td> +<td class = "smallhead">CONJ. III</td> +<td class = "smallhead">CONJ. IV</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +volō, -āre +</p> +<br> +<br> +<p> +<span class = "smaller">IRREGULAR VERB</span><br> +<b>sum, esse</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>dēleō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>doceō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>faveō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>habeō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>iubeō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>moneō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>moveō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>noceō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>pāreō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>persuādeō, -ēre</b><br> +sedeō, -ēre<br> +<b>studeō, -ēre</b><br> +<b>videō, -ēre</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>agō, -ere</b><br> +<b>capiō, -ere</b><br> +<b>crēdō, -ere</b><br> +<b>dīcō, -ere</b><br> +<b>dūcō, -ere</b><br> +<b>faciō, -ere</b><br> +<b>fugiō, -ere</b><br> +<b>iaciō, -ere</b><br> +<b>mittō, -ere</b><br> +rapiō, -ere<br> +<b>regō, -ere</b><br> +<b>resistō, -ere</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>audiō, -īre</b><br> +<b>mūniō, -īre</b><br> +<b>reperiō, -īre</b><br> +<b>veniō, -īre</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec511"><b>511.</b></a> +<b>Give the Latin of the following words.</b> In the case of verbs +always give the first form and the present infinitive.</p> + +<table> +<tr> + +<td width = "20%"><p class = "nospace"> +<i>ancient</i><br> +<i>come</i><br> +<i>resist</i><br> +<i>see</i><br> +<i>be</i><br> +fly<br> +<i>I</i><br> +<i>proud</i><br> +<i>word</i><br> +<i>sadness</i><br> +<i>find</i><br> +<i>rule</i> (verb)<br> +<i>be eager for</i> +</p></td> + +<td width = "20%"><p class = "hanging"> +<i>not only ... <br> +but also</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"><i>seven</i><br> +<i>ally, companion</i><br> +pride<br> +<i>fortify</i><br> +<i>send</i><br> +sit<br> +<i>also</i><br> +school<br> +<i>hear</i><br> +<i>hurl</i><br> +<i>persuade</i><br> +<i>only</i> +</p></td> + +<td width = "20%"><p class = "nospace"> +<i>nearest</i><br> +sacred rite<br> +queen<br> +<i>flee</i><br> +<i>obey</i><br> +<i>lately</i><br> +<i>constant</i><br> +<i>ornament</i><br> +<i>power</i><br> +<i>make, do</i><br> +<i>injure</i><br> +<i>now</i><br> +<i>annoying</i><br> +<i>lead</i> +</p></td> + +<td width = "20%"><p class = "nospace"> +<i>move</i><br> +soon<br> +<i>glad</i><br> +<i>punishment</i><br> +<i>believe</i><br> +<i>advise</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>especially,<br> +most of all</i></p> +<p class = "nospace">angry<br> +<i>beauty</i><br> +<i>say</i><br> +<i>command</i> (verb)<br> +<i>there</i><br> +<i>slain</i></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>training</i><br> +<i>take</i><br> +<i>have</i><br> +to-day<br> +<i>unfriendly</i><br> +<i>drive</i><br> +<i>favor</i> (verb)<br> +<i>suitable</i><br> +<i>pleasing</i><br> +<i>teach</i><br> +<i>neighboring</i><br> +<i>destroy</i><br> +<i>friendly</i><br> +seize +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec512"><b>512.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> What is conjugation? Name two important +differences between conjugation in Latin and in English. What is tense? +<span class = "pagenum">271</span> +<a name = "page271"> </a> +What is mood? What are the Latin moods? When do we use the indicative +mood? Name the six tenses of the indicative. What are personal endings? +Name those you have had. Inflect <b>sum</b> in the three tenses you have +learned. How many regular conjugations are there? How are they +distinguished? How is the present stem found? What tenses are formed +from the present stem? What is the tense sign of the imperfect? What is +the meaning of the imperfect? What is the tense sign of the future in +the first two conjugations? in the last two? Before what letters is a +final long vowel of the stem shortened? What are the three possible +translations of a present, as of <b>pugnō</b>? Inflect <b>arō, sedeō, +mittō, faciō</b>, and <b>veniō</b>, in the present, imperfect, and +future active. What forms of <b>-iō</b> verbs of the third conjugation +are like <b>audiō</b>? what like <b>regō</b>? Give the rule for the +dative with adjectives. Name the special intransitive verbs that govern +the dative. What does the imperative mood express? How is the present +active imperative formed in the singular? in the plural? What three +verbs have a shortened present active imperative? Give the present +active imperative of <b>portō, dēleō, agō, faciō, mūniō</b>.</p> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXVII">Go on to Lesson +XXVII</a></div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_IV"> +IV. REVIEW OF LESSONS XXVII-XXXVI</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXXVII">Lesson XXXVII</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec513"><b>513.</b></a> +<b>Give the English of the following words:</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "6"> +Nouns of the First Declension</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>āla</b></td> +<td><b>cūra</b></td> +<td><b>mora</b></td> +<td><b>porta</b></td> +<td><b>prōvincia</b></td> +<td><b>vīta</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "6"> +Nouns of the Second Declension</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>animus</b><br> +aurum</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>bracchium</b><br> +<b>deus</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>locus</b><br> +mōnstrum</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>nāvigium</b><br> +ōrāculum</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>perīculum</b><br> +<b>ventus</b></p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>vīnum</b></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>adversus</b><br> +attentus<br> +<b>cārus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>commōtus</b><br> +<b>dēfessus</b><br> +<b>dexter</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>dubius</b><br> +<b>maximus</b><br> +perfidus +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>plēnus</b><br> +saevus<br> +<b>sinister</b><br> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Adverbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>anteā</b><br> +<b>celeriter</b><br> +<b>dēnique</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>diū</b><br> +<b>frūstrā</b><br> +<b>graviter</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ita</b><br> +<b>longē</b><br> +<b>semper</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>subitō</b><br> +<b>tamen</b><br> +<b>tum</b><br> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Conjunctions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>autem</b></td> +<td><b>sī</b></td> +<td><b>ubi</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +<span class = "pagenum">272</span> +<a name = "page272"> </a> +Prepositions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>dē</b></td> +<td><b>per</b></td> +<td><b>prō</b></td> +<td><b>sine</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Verbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "3"> +CONJ. I</td> +<td class = "smallhead">CONJ. II</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>adpropinquō</b><br> +<b>nāvigō</b><br> +<b>occupō</b><br> +<b>postulō</b><br> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>recūsō</b><br> +<b>reportō</b><br> +<b>servō</b><br> +<b>stō</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>superō</b><br> +<b>temptō</b><br> +<b>vāstō</b><br> +<b>vulnerō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>contineō</b><br> +<b>egeō</b><br> +<b>prohibeō</b><br> +<b>respondeō</b><br> +<b>teneō</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "3"> +CONJ. III</td> +<td class = "smallhead">IRREGULAR VERB</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>discēdō</b></td> +<td><b>gerō</b></td> +<td><b>interficiō</b></td> +<td><b>absum</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec514"><b>514.</b></a> +<b>Translate the following words.</b> Give the genitive and the gender +of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs.</p> + +<table> +<tr> + +<td width = "20%"><p class = "nospace"> +<i>be away</i><br> +<i>wind</i><br> +<i>through</i><br> +<i>if</i><br> +savage<br> +<i>wound</i> (verb)<br> +<i>wine</i><br> +<i>delay</i><br> +faithless<br> +<i>right</i><br> +<i>seize</i><br> +<i>quickly</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>before, in behalf of</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>battle</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>down from</i> or <i>concerning</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>moreover</i><br> +<i>greatest</i><br> +oracle<br> +<i>danger</i><br> +<i>lay waste</i><br> +<i>gate</i><br> +<i>doubtful</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>opposite, adverse</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>demand</i><br> +<i>finally</i><br> +attentive</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>then, at that time</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>weary</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>overcome,<br> +conquer</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>boat, ship</i><br> +<i>sail</i> (verb)<br> +<i>life</i><br> +<i>save</i><br> +<i>full</i><br> +<i>refuse</i><br> +<i>heavily</i><br> +monster<br> +<i>approach</i><br> +<i>nevertheless</i><br> +<i>place</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>be without,<br> +lack</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>moved</i><br> +gold</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>restrain, keep from</i></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>without</i><br> +<i>hold</i><br> +<i>suddenly</i><br> +<i>dear</i><br> +<i>always</i><br> +<i>god</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>hold in, keep</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>afar</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>thus, so,<br> +as follows</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>arm</i> (noun)<br> +<i>when</i><br> +<i>in vain</i><br> +<i>stand</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>bring back, win</i></p></td> + +<td><p class = "hanging"> +<i>before,<br> +previously</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>depart,<br> +go away</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>province</i><br> +<i>care, trouble</i><br> +<i>kill</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>reply</i> (verb)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>wing</i><br> +<i>mind, heart</i><br> +<i>left</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>bear, carry on</i><br> +<i>try</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>for a long time</i> +</p></td> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec515"><b>515.</b></a> +Give the principal parts and meaning of the following verbs:</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>sum</b><br> +<b>dō</b><br> +<b>teneō</b><br> +<b>iubeō</b><br> +<b>agō</b><br> +<b>mittō</b><br> +<b>mūniō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>moveō</b><br> +<b>crēdō</b><br> +<b>rapiō</b><br> +<b>reperiō</b><br> +<b>dēleō</b><br> +<b>resistō</b><br> +<b>audiō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>moneō</b><br> +<b>capiō</b><br> +<b>doceō</b><br> +<b>regō</b><br> +<b>faveō</b><br> +<b>noceō</b><br> +<b>dīcō</b> +</p></td> +<td width = "20%"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>pāreō</b><br> +<b>dūcō</b><br> +<b>faciō</b><br> +<b>persuādeō</b><br> +<b>sedeō</b><br> +<b>studeō</b><br> +<b>fugiō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>veniō</b><br> +<b>iaciō</b><br> +<b>videō</b><br> +<b>absum</b><br> +<b>egeō</b><br> +<b>gerō</b><br> +<b>stō</b><br> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">273</span> +<a name = "page273"> </a> +<a name = "sec516"><b>516.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> What are the personal endings in the passive +voice? What is the letter -r sometimes called? What are the +distinguishing vowels of the four conjugations? What forms constitute +the principal parts? What are the three different conjugation stems? How +may they be found? What are the tenses of the indicative? of the +infinitive? What tense of the imperative have you learned? What forms +are built on the present stem? on the perfect stem? on the participial +stem? What are the endings of the perfect active indicative? What is the +tense sign of the pluperfect active? of the future perfect active? How +is the present active infinitive formed? the present passive infinitive? +How is the present active imperative formed? the present passive +imperative? How is the perfect active infinitive formed? the perfect +passive infinitive? How is the future active infinitive formed? What is +a participle? How are participles in <b>-us</b> declined? Give the rule +for the agreement of the participle. How are the perfect, pluperfect, +and future perfect passive indicative formed? Conjugate the verb +<b>sum</b> in all moods and tenses as far as you have learned it (<a +href = "#sec494">§ 494</a>). What is meant by the separative +ablative? How is the place <i>from which</i> expressed in Latin? Give +the rule for the ablative of separation; for the ablative of the +personal agent. How can we distinguish between the ablative of means and +the ablative of the personal agent? What is the perfect definite? the +perfect indefinite? What is the difference in meaning between the +perfect indefinite and the imperfect? What two cases in Latin may be +governed by a preposition? Name the prepositions that govern the +ablative. What does the preposition <b>in</b> mean when it governs the +ablative? the accusative? What are the three interrogatives used to +introduce <i>yes</i>-and-<i>no</i> questions? Explain the force of each. +What words are sometimes used for <i>yes</i> and <i>no?</i> What are the +different meanings and uses of <b>ubi</b>?</p> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XXXVII">Go on to Lesson +XXXVII</a></div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_V"> +V. REVIEW OF LESSONS XXXVII-XLIV</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XLV">Lesson XLV</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec517"><b>517.</b></a> +<b>Give the English of the following words:</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Nouns</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead"> +FIRST DECLENSION</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +SECOND DECLENSION</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>rīpa</b></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>barbarī</b><br> +<b>captīvus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>castellum</b><br> +<b>impedīmentum</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "6"> +THIRD DECLENSION</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>animal</b><br> +<b>arbor</b><br> +<b>avis</b><br> +<b>caedēs</b><br> +<span class = "pagenum">274</span> +<a name = "page274"> </a> +<b>calamitās</b><br> +calcar<br> +<b>caput</b><br> +<b>cīvis</b><br> +<b>cliēns</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>collis</b><br> +<b>cōnsul</b><br> +<b>dēns</b><br> +<b>dux</b><br> +<b>eques</b><br> +<b>fīnis</b><br> +<b>flūmen</b><br> +fōns<br> +<b>frāter</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>homō</b><br> +<b>hostīs</b><br> +<b>ignis</b><br> +<b>imperātor</b><br> +<b>īnsigne</b><br> +<b>iter</b><br> +iūdex<br> +<b>labor</b><br> +<b>lapis</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>legiō</b><br> +<b>mare</b><br> +<b>māter</b><br> +<b>mēnsis</b><br> +<b>mīles</b><br> +<b>mōns</b><br> +<b>nāvis</b><br> +<b>opus</b><br> +<b>ōrātor</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ōrdō</b><br> +<b>pater</b><br> +<b>pedes</b><br> +<b>pēs</b><br> +pōns<br> +<b>prīnceps</b><br> +<b>rēx</b><br> +<b>salūs</b><br> +<b>sanguis</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>soror</b><br> +tempus<br> +<b>terror</b><br> +<b>turris</b><br> +<b>urbs</b><br> +<b>victor</b><br> +<b>virtūs</b><br> +<b>vīs</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>barbarus</b></td> +<td><b>dexter</b></td> +<td><b>sinister</b></td> +<td><b>summus</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th>Prepositions</th> +<th>Adverbs</th> +<th>Conjunctions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>in</b> with the abl.<br> +<b>in</b> with the acc.<br> +<b>trāns</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>cotīdiē</b><br> +<b>numquam</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>nec, neque</b></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>nec ... nec</b>, or <b>neque ... neque</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "5">Verbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +CONJ. I</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "3"> +CONJ. III</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>cessō</b><br> +<b>confirmō</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>oppugnō</b><br> +<b>vetō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>accipiō</b><br> +<b>incipiō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>petō</b><br> +<b>ponō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>vincō</b><br> +<b>vivō</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec518"><b>518.</b></a> +<b>Translate the following words.</b> Give the genitive and the gender +of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs:</p> + +<table> +<tr> + +<td width = "25%"><p class = "nospace"> +<i>forbid</i><br> +<i>rank, row</i><br> +<i>brother</i><br> +<i>force</i><br> +<i>across</i><br> +<i>savages</i><br> +<i>horseman</i><br> +<i>never</i><br> +<i>mountain</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>manliness,<br> +courage</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>leader</i><br> +<i>put, place</i><br> +<i>time</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>savage,<br> +barbarous</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>sister</i><br> +<i>seek</i><br> +<i>captive</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>hindrance,<br> +baggage</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>man-of-war</i><br> +<i>judge</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>defeat, disaster</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>fire</i><br> +<i>tree</i><br> +<i>foot soldier</i><br> +<i>receive</i><br> +<i>general</i><br> +<i>highest</i><br> +<i>fountain</i><br> +<i>orator</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>neither ... nor</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>and not</i><br> +<i>left</i><br> +<i>tooth</i><br> +<i>soldier</i><br> +<i>month</i><br> +<i>city</i><br> +<i>victor</i><br> +<i>daily</i><br> +<i>live</i> (verb) +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>conquer</i><br> +<i>consul</i><br> +<i>mother</i><br> +<i>retainer</i><br> +<i>citizen</i><br> +<i>head</i><br> +<i>safety</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>assail, storm</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>begin</i><br> +<i>march</i><br> +<i>decoration</i><br> +<i>bridge</i><br> +<i>bird</i><br> +<i>cease</i><br> +<i>man</i><br> +<i>river</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>work</i> (noun)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>and</i><br> +<i>ship</i><br> +<i>bank</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>redoubt, fort</i><br> +<i>sea</i><br> +<i>tower</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>drill</i> (verb)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>legion</i><br> +<i>terror</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>into, to</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>right</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>in</i><br> +<i>stone</i><br> +<i>blood</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>labor</i> (noun)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>king</i><br> +<i>spur</i><br> +<i>chief</i><br> +<i>slaughter</i><br> +<i>strengthen</i><br> +<i>foot</i><br> +<i>enemy</i><br> +<i>animal</i><br> +<i>father</i> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">275</span> +<a name = "page275"> </a> +<a name = "sec519"><b>519.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> Give the conjugation of <b>possum</b>. What is +an infinitive? What three uses has the Latin infinitive that are like +the English? What is the case of the subject of the infinitive? What is +meant by a complementary infinitive? In the sentence <i>The bad boy +cannot be happy</i>, what is the case of <i>happy</i>? Give the rule. +Decline <b>quī</b>. Give the rule for the agreement of the relative. +What are the two uses of the interrogative? Decline <b>quis</b>. What is +the base of a noun? How is the stem formed from the base? Are the stem +and the base ever the same? How many declensions of nouns are there? +Name them. What are the two chief divisions of the third declension? How +are the consonant stems classified? Explain the formation of +<b>lapis</b> from the stem <b>lapid-</b>, <b>mīles</b> from +<b>mīlit-</b>, <b>rēx</b> from <b>rēg-</b>. What nouns have +<b>i</b>-stems? What peculiarities of form do <b>i</b>-stems +have,—masc., fem., and neut.? Name the five nouns that have +<b>-ī</b> and <b>-e</b> in the abl. Decline <b>turris</b>. Give the +rules for gender in the third declension. Decline <b>mīles</b>, +<b>lapis</b>, <b>rēx</b>, <b>virtūs</b>, <b>cōnsul</b>, <b>legiō</b>, +<b>homō</b>, <b>pater</b>, <b>flūmen</b>, <b>opus</b>, <b>tempus</b>, +<b>caput</b>, <b>caedēs</b>, <b>urbs</b>, <b>hostis</b>, <b>mare</b>, +<b>animal</b>, <b>vīs</b>, <b>iter</b>.</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec520"><b>520.</b></a> +Fill out the following scheme:</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead" rowspan = "4"> +The Third Declension</td> +<td class = "sidehead"> +Gender Endings</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +Masculine<br> +Feminine<br> +Neuter</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead" rowspan = "4"> +Case Terminations</td> +<td class = "sidehead"> +I. Consonant Stems</td> +<td> +<i>a</i>. Masc. and fem.<br> +<i>b</i>. Neuters</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "sidehead"> +II. <i>I</i>-Stems</td> +<td> +<i>a</i>. Masc. and fem.<br> +<i>b</i>. Neuters</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallcaps" colspan = "3"> +Irregular Nouns</td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_XLV">Go on to Lesson XLV</a></div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_VI"> +VI. REVIEW OF LESSONS XLV-LII</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIII">Lesson LIII</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec521"><b>521.</b></a> +<b>Give the English of the following words:</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Nouns</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +FIRST DECLENSION</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +SECOND DECLENSION</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>amīcitia</b><br> +<b>hōra</b><br> +<b>littera</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>annus</b><br> +<b>modus</b><br> +<b>nūntius</b><br> +<b>oculus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>rēgnum</b><br> +<b>signum</b></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>supplicium</b>,<br> +<b>supplicium dare</b><br> +<b>supplicium sūmere dē</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "hanging"> +<b>tergum</b>,<br> +<b>tergum vertere</b></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<b>vestīgium</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +<span class = "pagenum">276</span> +<a name = "page276"> </a> +THIRD DECLENSION</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +FOURTH DECLENSION</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aestās</b><br> +<b>corpus</b><br> +<b>hiems</b><br> +<b>lībertās</b></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>lūx</b>,<br> +<b>prīma lūx</b></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<b>nōmen</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>nox</b><br> +<b>pars</b><br> +<b>pāx</b><br> +rūs<br> +<b>sōl</b><br> +<b>vōx</b><br> +<b>vulnus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>adventus</b><br> +<b>cornū</b><br> +<b>domus</b><br> +<b>equitātus</b><br> +<b>exercitus</b><br> +<b>fluctus</b><br> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>impetus</b><br> +<b>lacus</b><br> +<b>manus</b><br> +<b>metus</b><br> +<b>portus</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "3"> +FIFTH DECLENSION</td> +<td class = "smallhead"> +INDECLINABLE NOUN</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aciēs</b><br> +<b>diēs</b></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>fidēs</b>,<br> +<b>in fidem venīre</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "hanging"> +<b>rēs</b>,<br> +<b>rēs gestae</b><br> +<b>rēs adversae</b><br> +<b>rēs pūblica</b><br> +<b>rēs secundae</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"> +<b>spēs</b> +</td> +<td> +<b>nihil</b> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Adjectives</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +THIRD DECLENSION</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>dēnsus</b><br> +<b>invīsus</b><br> +<b>mīrus</b><br> +<b>paucī</b><br> +<b>prīmus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>prīstinus</b><br> +<b>pūblicus</b><br> +<b>secundus</b><br> +<b>tantus</b><br> +<b>vērus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ācer, ācris, ācre</b><br> +<b>brevis, breve</b><br> +<b>difficilis, difficile</b><br> +<b>facīlis, facile</b><br> +<b>fortis, forte</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>gravis, grave</b><br> +<b>incolumis, incolume</b><br> +<b>omnis, omne</b><br> +<b>pār, pār</b><br> +<b>vēlōx, vēlōx</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Pronouns</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smaller">PERSONAL</td> +<td class = "smaller">DEMONSTRATIVE</td> +<td class = "smaller">INTENSIVE</td> +<td class = "smaller">INDEFINITE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ego</b><br> +<b>nōs</b><br> +<b>suī</b><br> +<b>tū</b><br> +<b>vōs</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>hic</b><br> +<b>īdem</b><br> +<b>ille</b><br> +<b>iste</b> +</p></td> +<td><b>ipse</b></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aliquis, aliquī</b><br> +<b>quīdam</b><br> +<b>quis, quī</b><br> +<b>quisquam</b><br> +<b>quisque</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "3">Adverbs</th> +<th>Conjunctions</th> +<th>Prepositions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>nē ... quidem</b><br> +ōlim +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>paene</b><br> +<b>quoque</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>satis</b><br> +<b>vērō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>itaque</b><br> +<b>nisi</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ante</b><br> +<b>post</b><br> +<b>propter</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Verbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smaller">CONJ. I</td> +<td class = "smaller">CONJ. II</td> +<td class = "smaller">CONJ. III</td> +<td class = "smaller">CONJ. IV</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>conlocō</b><br> +<b>convocō</b><br> +<b>cremō</b><br> +<b>dēmōnstrō</b><br> +<b>mandō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>dēbeō</b><br> +<b>exerceō</b><br> +<b>maneō</b><br> +<b>placeō</b><br> +<b>sustineō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "hanging"> +<b>committō</b>,<br> +<b>committere proelium</b></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<b>dēcidō</b><br> +<b>ēripiō</b></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>sūmō</b>,<br> +<b>sūmere supplicium dē +</b></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<b>trādūcō</b><br> +<b>vertō</b></p></td> +<td><b>dēsiliō</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">277</span> +<a name = "page277"> </a> +<a name = "sec522"><b>522.</b></a> +<b>Translate the following words.</b> Give the genitive and the gender +of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs.</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td width = "25%"><p class = "hanging"> +<i>if not, unless</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>on account of</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>unharmed</i><br> +<i>public</i><br> +<i>commonwealth</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>leap down, dismount</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>lead across</i><br> +<i>remain</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>call together</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>friendship</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>footprint, trace</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>each</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>fear</i> (noun)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>hope</i><br> +<i>therefore</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>behind, after</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>so</i> great<br> +<i>equal</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>in truth, indeed</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>that</i> (yonder)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>a certain</i><br> +<i>fall down</i><br> +<i>owe, ought</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>measure, mode</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>eye</i><br> +<i>name</i><br> +<i>wave, billow</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>thing, matter</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>exploits</i><br> +<i>republic</i><br> +<i>prosperity</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>adversity</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>former, old-time</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>all, every</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>any one</i> (at all)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>this</i> (of mine)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>heavy, serious</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>hateful, detested</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>true</i><br> +<i>burn</i><br> +<i>snatch from</i><br> +<i>letter</i><br> +<i>punishment</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>inflict<br> +punishment on</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>suffer punishment</i><br> +<i>liberty</i><br> +<i>sun</i><br> +<i>sustain</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>take up, assume</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>hour</i><br> +<i>reign, realm</i><br> +<i>messenger</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>part, direction</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>body</i><br> +<i>harbor</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>faith, protection</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>of himself</i><br> +<i>also, too</i><br> +<i>sufficiently</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>burn</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>that</i> (of yours)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>before</i><br> +<i>you</i> (plur.)<br> +<i>light</i><br> +<i>daybreak</i><br> +<i>winter</i><br> +<i>attack</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>line of battle</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>army</i><br> +<i>drill, train</i><br> +<i>join battle</i><br> +<i>house, home</i><br> +<i>midday</i><br> +<i>wonderful</i><br> +<i>brave</i><br> +<i>almost</i><br> +<i>the same</i><br> +<i>some, any</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>if any one</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>self, very</i><br> +<i>not even</i><br> +<i>easy</i><br> +<i>dense</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>point out, explain</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>difficult</i><br> +<i>first</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>arrange, station</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>please</i><br> +<i>year</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>peace</i><br> +<i>back</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>turn the back, retreat</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>night</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>hand, force</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>lake</i><br> +<i>day</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>commit, intrust</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>a few only</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>sharp, eager</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>we</i><br> +<i>turn</i><br> +<i>you</i> (sing.)<br> +<i>I</i><br> +<i>signal</i><br> +<i>summer</i><br> +<i>cavalry</i><br> +<i>wound</i><br> +<i>horn, wing</i><br> +<i>country</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>second, favorable</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>short</i><br> +<i>voice</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>formerly, once</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>arrival</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>come under the<br> +protection of</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>swift</i><br> +<i>nothing</i> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec523"><b>523.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> By what declensions are Latin adjectives +declined? What can you say about the stem of adjectives of the third +declension? Into what classes are these adjectives divided? How can you +tell to which of the classes an adjective belongs? Decline <b>ācer, +omnis, pār</b>. What are the nominative endings and genders of nouns of +the fourth +<span class = "pagenum">278</span> +<a name = "page278"> </a> +or <b>u</b>-declension? What nouns are feminine by exception? Decline +<b>adventus, lacus, cornū, domus</b>. Give the rules for the ordinary +expression of the <i>place to which</i>, the <i>place from which</i>, +the <i>place in which</i>. What special rules apply to names of towns, +small islands, and <b>rūs</b>? What is the locative case? What words +have a locative case? What is the form of the locative case? Translate +<i>Galba lives at home, Galba lives at Rome, Galba lives at Pompeii</i>. +What is the rule for gender in the fifth or <b>ē</b>-declension? Decline +<b>diēs</b>, <b>rēs</b>. When is the long <b>ē</b> shortened? What can +you say about the plural of the fifth declension? Decline <b>tuba</b>, +<b>servus</b>, <b>pīlum</b>, <b>ager</b>, <b>puer</b>, <b>mīles</b>, +<b>cōnsul</b>, <b>flūmen</b>, <b>caedēs</b>, <b>animal</b>. How is the +<i>time when</i> expressed? Name the classes of pronouns and define each +class. Decline <b>ego, tū, is</b>. What are the reflexives of the first +and second persons? What is the reflexive of the third person? Decline +it. Translate <i>I see myself, he sees himself, he sees him</i>. Decline +<b>ipse</b>. How is <b>ipse</b> used? Decline <b>īdem</b>. Decline +<b>hic</b>, <b>iste</b>, <b>ille</b>. Explain the use of these words. +Name and translate the commoner indefinite pronouns. Decline +<b>aliquis</b>, <b>quisquam</b>, <b>quīdam</b>, <b>quisque</b>.</p> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LIII">Go on to Lesson LIII</a></div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_VII"> +VII. REVIEW OF LESSONS LIII-LX</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXI">Lesson LXI</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec524"><b>524.</b></a> +<b>Give the English of the following words:</b></p> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Nouns</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead"> +FIRST DECLENSION</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "3"> +SECOND DECLENSION</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aquila</b><br> +<b>fossa</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aedificium</b><br> +<b>captīvus</b><br> +<b>concilium</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>imperium</b><br> +<b>negōtium</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>spatium</b><br> +<b>vāllum</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +THIRD DECLENSION</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>agmen</b><br> +<b>celeritās</b><br> +<b>cīvitās</b><br> +<b>clāmor</b><br> +<b>cohors</b><br> +<b>difficultās</b><br> +<b>explōrātor</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>gēns</b><br> +<b>lātitūdō</b><br> +<b>longitūdō</b><br> +<b>magnitūdō</b><br> +<b>mēns</b><br> +<b>mercātor</b><br> +<b>mīlle</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>mors</b><br> +<b>mulier</b><br> +<b>multitūdō</b><br> +<b>mūnītiō</b><br> +<b>nēmō</b><br> +<b>obses</b><br> +<b>opīniō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>regiō</b><br> +<b>rūmor</b><br> +<b>scelus</b><br> +<b>servitūs</b><br> +<b>timor</b><br> +<b>vallēs</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +FOURTH DECLENSION</td> +<td class = "smallhead"> +FIFTH DECLENSION</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aditus</b><br> +<b>commeātus</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"> +<b>passus</b> +</td> +<td> +<b>rēs frūmentāria</b> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4"> +<span class = "pagenum">279</span> +<a name = "page279"> </a> +Adjectives</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>aequus</b><br> +<b>bīnī</b><br> +<b>ducentī</b><br> +<b>duo</b><br> +<b>exterus</b><br> +<b>īnferus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>maximus</b><br> +<b>medius</b><br> +<b>minimus</b><br> +<b>opportūnus</b><br> +<b>optimus</b><br> +<b>pessimus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>plūrimus</b><br> +<b>posterus</b><br> +<b>prīmus</b><br> +reliquus<br> +<b>secundus</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>singulī</b><br> +<b>superus</b><br> +<b>tardus</b><br> +<b>ternī</b><br> +<b>ūnus</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "3"> +THIRD DECLENSION</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>alacer, alacris, alacre</b><br> +<b>audāx, audāx</b><br> +<b>celer, celeris, celere</b><br> +<b>citerior, citerius</b><br> +<b>difficilis, difficile</b><br> +<b>dissimilis, dissimile</b><br> +<b>facilis, facile</b><br> +gracilis, gracile +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>humilis, humile</b><br> +<b>ingēns, ingēns</b><br> +<b>interior, interius</b><br> +<b>lēnis, lēne</b><br> +<b>maior, maius</b><br> +<b>melior, melius</b><br> +<b>minor, minus</b><br> +<b>nōbilis, nōbile</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>peior, peius</b><br> +——, <b>plūs</b><br> +<b>prior, prius</b><br> +<b>recēns, recēns</b><br> +<b>similis, simile</b><br> +<b>trēs, tria</b><br> +<b>ulterior, ulterius</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Adverbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>ācriter</b><br> +<b>audācter</b><br> +<b>bene</b><br> +<b>facile</b><br> +<b>ferē</b><br> +<b>fortiter</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>magis</b><br> +<b>magnopere</b><br> +<b>maximē</b><br> +<b>melius</b><br> +<b>minimē</b><br> +<b>multum</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>optimē</b><br> +<b>parum</b><br> +<b>paulō</b><br> +<b>plūrimum</b><br> +<b>prope</b><br> +<b>propius</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>proximē</b><br> +<b>quam</b><br> +<b>statim</b><br> +<b>tam</b><br> +<b>undique</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "2">Conjunctions</th> +<th>Prepositions</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>atque, ac</b><br> +<b>aut</b><br> +<b>aut ... aut</b><br> +<b>et ... et</b><br> +<b>nam</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>quā dē causā</b><br> +<b>quam ob rem</b></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<b>simul atque</b> or<br> +<b>simul ac</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>circum</b><br> +<b>contrā</b><br> +<b>inter</b><br> +<b>ob</b><br> +<b>trāns</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<th colspan = "4">Verbs</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +CONJ. I</td> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "2"> +CONJ. II</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>cōnor</b><br> +<b>hortor</b> +</p></td> +<td class = "rightpad"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>moror</b><br> +<b>vexō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>obtineō</b><br> +<b>perterreō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>valeō</b><br> +<b>vereor</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +CONJ. III</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>abdō</b><br> +<b>cadō</b><br> +<b>cognōscō</b><br> +<b>cōnsequor</b><br> +<b>contendō</b><br> +<b>cupiō</b><br> +<b>currō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>dēdō</b><br> +<b>dēfendō</b><br> +ēgredior<br> +<b>incendō</b><br> +<b>incolō</b><br> +<b>īnsequor</b><br> +<b>occīdō</b> +</p></td> +<td width = "25%"><p class = "nospace"> +<b>patior</b><br> +premō<br> +<b>proficīscor</b><br> +<b>prōgredior</b><br> +<b>quaerō</b><br> +<b>recipiō</b><br> +<b>relinquō</b> +</p></td> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<b>revertor</b><br> +<b>sequor</b><br> +statuō<br> +subsequor<br> +<b>suscipiō</b><br> +<b>trādō</b><br> +<b>trahō</b> +</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "smallhead" colspan = "4"> +CONJ. III</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><b>orior</b></td> +<td><b>perveniō</b></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">280</span> +<a name = "page280"> </a> +<a name = "sec525"><b>525.</b></a> +<b>Translate the following words.</b> Give the genitive and the gender +of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs:</p> + +<table> +<tr> +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>on account of</i><br> +<i>nearly</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>keenly, sharply</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>thousand</i><br> +<i>two</i><br> +<i>opportune</i><br> +<i>remaining</i><br> +<i>above</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>next</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>grain supply</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>pace</i><br> +<i>shout</i> (noun)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>from all sides</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>against</i><br> +<i>around</i><br> +<i>three</i><br> +<i>further</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>line of march</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>manor</i><br> +<i>region</i><br> +<i>fortification</i><br> +<i>eagle</i><br> +<i>almost</i><br> +<i>boldly</i><br> +<i>bravely</i><br> +<i>across</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>between, among</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>hither</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>so</i><br> +<i>less</i><br> +<i>more</i><br> +<i>most</i><br> +<i>worst</i><br> +<i>difficulty</i><br> +<i>hostage</i><br> +<i>death</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>command, power</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>captive</i><br> +<i>or</i><br> +<i>and</i><br> +<i>arrive</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>attempt, try</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>length</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>width</i><br> +<i>scout</i><br> +<i>cohort</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>tribe, nation</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>business</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>by a little</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>somewhat</i><br> +<i>crime</i><br> +<i>difficult</i><br> +<i>equal</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>move forward,<br> +advance</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>multitude</i><br> +<i>woman</i><br> +<i>desire</i> (verb)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>give over,<br> +surrender</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>kill</i><br> +<i>overtake</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>hasten, strive</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>hide</i><br> +<i>one</i><br> +<i>first</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>second, favorable</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>two hundred</i><br> +<i>former</i><br> +<i>inner</i><br> +<i>middle</i><br> +<i>low</i><br> +<i>outward</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>three by three</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>provisions</i><br> +<i>speed</i><br> +<i>ditch</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>wherefore</i> or<br> +<i>therefore</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>for this reason</i><br> +<i>fear</i> (noun)<br> +<i>return</i><br> +<i>inquire</i><br> +<i>set out</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>move out, disembark</i></p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>fear</i> (verb)<br> +<i>worse</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>greater, larger</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>two by two</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>least</i> (adv.)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>opinion,<br> +expectation</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>approach, entrance</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>trader</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>magnitude, size</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>council, assembly</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>space, room</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>either ... or</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>rise, arise</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>suffer, allow</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>press hard</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>fall</i><br> +<i>surrender</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>set fire to</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>defend</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>possess, hold</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>delay</i> (verb)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>nearest</i> (adv.)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>nearer</i> (adv.)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>better</i> (adj.)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>well known, noble</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>mild, gentle</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>swift</i><br> +<i>eager</i><br> +<i>low</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>slender</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>one by one</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>no one</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>least</i> (adv.)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>little</i> (adv.)</p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>learn, know</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>drag</i><br> +<i>undertake</i><br> +<i>run</i><br> +<i>fix, decide</i> +</p></td> + +<td><p class = "nospace"> +<i>leave</i><br> +<i>abandon</i><br> +<i>be strong</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>receive, recover</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>terrify, frighten</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>dwell</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>state, citizenship</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>valley</i><br> +<i>slavery</i><br> +<i>greatly</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>best of all</i> (adv.)</p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>better</i> (adv.)<br> +<i>well</i> (adv.)<br> +<i>very much</i><br> +<i>much</i><br> +<i>unlike</i><br> +<i>like</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>slow</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>very greatly,<br> +exceedingly</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>building</i><br> +<i>mind</i> (noun)<br> +<i>easily</i><br> +<i>easy</i><br> +<i>recent</i><br> +<i>huge, great</i><br> +<i>bold</i><br> +<i>immediately</i><br> +<i>as soon as</i><br> +<i>for</i><br> +<i>than</i><br> +<i>best</i> (adj.)<br> +<i>greatest</i><br> +<i>follow close</i><br> +<i>encourage</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>annoy, ravage</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>hide</i><br> +<i>follow</i><br> +<i>pursue</i></p> +<p class = "hanging"> +<i>both ... and</i></p> +<p class = "nospace"> +<i>rampart</i> +</p></td> + +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "section"> +<span class = "pagenum">281</span> +<a name = "page281"> </a> +<a name = "sec526"><b>526.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> What is meant by comparison? In what two ways +may adjectives be compared? Compare <b>clārus, brevis, vēlōx</b>, and +explain the formation of the comparative and the superlative. What are +the adverbs used in comparison? Compare <b>brevis</b> by adverbs. +Decline the comparative of <b>vēlōx</b>. How are adjectives in +<b>-er</b> compared? Compare <b>ācer</b>, <b>pulcher</b>, <b>liber</b>. +What are possible translations for the comparative and superlative? Name +the six adjectives that form the superlative in <b>-limus</b>. Translate +in two ways <i>Nothing is brighter than the sun</i>. Give the rule for +the ablative with comparatives. Compare <b>bonus, magnus, malus, multus, +parvus, exterus, īnferus, posterus, superus</b>. Decline <b>plūs</b>. +Compare <b>citerior, interior, propior, ulterior</b>. Translate <i>That +route to Italy is much shorter</i>. Give the rule for the expression of +measure of difference. Name five words that are especially common in +this construction. How are adverbs usually formed from adjectives of the +first and second declensions? from adjectives of the third declension? +Compare the adverbs <b>cārē</b>, <b>līberē</b>, <b>fortiter</b>, +<b>audācter</b>. What cases of adjectives are sometimes used as adverbs? +What are the adverbs from <b>facilis</b>? <b>multus? prīmus? +plūrimus</b>? <b>bonus</b>? <b>magnus</b>? <b>parvus</b>? Compare +<b>prope</b>, <b>saepe</b>, <b>magnopere</b>. How are numerals +classified? Give the first twenty cardinals. Decline <b>ūnus, duo, trēs, +mīlle</b>. How are the hundreds declined? What is meant by the partitive +genitive? Give the rule for the partitive genitive. What sort of words +are commonly used with this construction? What construction is used +with <b>quīdam</b> and cardinal numbers excepting <b>mīlle</b>? Give the +first twenty ordinals. How are they declined? How are the distributives +declined? Give the rule for the expression of duration of time and +extent of space. What is the difference between the ablative of time and +the accusative of time? What is a deponent verb? Give the synopsis of +one. What form always has a passive meaning? Conjugate <b>amō</b>, +<b>moneō</b>, <b>regō</b>, <b>capiō</b>, <b>audiō</b>, in the active and +passive.</p> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXI">Go on to Lesson LXI</a></div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap"><a name = "review_VIII"> +VIII. REVIEW OF LESSONS LXI-LXIX</a></h5> +<div class = "mylink"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXX">Lesson LXX</a></div> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec527"><b>527.</b></a> +Review the vocabularies of the first seventeen lessons. See +<a href = "#sec502">§§ 502</a>, +<a href = "#sec503">503</a>, +<a href = "#sec506">506</a>, +<a href = "#sec507">507</a>.</p> + +<p class = "section"> +<a name = "sec528"><b>528.</b></a> +<b>Review Questions.</b> Name the tenses of the subjunctive. What time +is denoted by these tenses? What are the mood signs of the present +subjunctive? How may the imperfect subjunctive be formed? How do the +perfect subjunctive and the future perfect indicative active differ in +form? How is the pluperfect subjunctive active formed? Inflect the +subjunctive active and passive of <b>cūrō</b>, <b>dēleō</b>, +<b>vincō</b>, <b>rapiō</b>, <b>mūniō</b>. Inflect the +<span class = "pagenum">282</span> +<a name = "page282"> </a> +subjunctive tenses of <b>sum</b>; of <b>possum</b>. What are the tenses +of the participles in the active? What in the passive? Give the active +and passive participles of <b>amō</b>, <b>moneō</b>, <b>regō</b>, +<b>capiō</b>, <b>audiō</b>. Decline <b>regēns</b>. What participles do +deponent verbs have? What is the difference in meaning between the +perfect participle of a deponent verb and of one not deponent? Give the +participles of <b>vereor</b>. How should participles usually be +translated? Conjugate <b>volō</b>, <b>nolō</b>, <b>mālō</b>, +<b>fīō</b>.</p> + +<p>What is the difference between the indicative and subjunctive in +their fundamental ideas? How is purpose usually expressed in English? +How is it expressed in Latin? By what words is a Latin purpose clause +introduced? When should <b>quō</b> be used? What is meant by sequence of +tenses? Name the primary tenses of the indicative and of the +subjunctive; the secondary tenses. What Latin verbs are regularly +followed by substantive clauses of purpose? What construction follows +<b>iubeō</b>? What construction follows verbs of <i>fearing</i>? How is +consequence or result expressed in Latin? How is a result clause +introduced? What words are often found in the principal clause +foreshadowing the coming of a result clause? How may negative purpose be +distinguished from negative result? What is meant by the subjunctive of +characteristic or description? How are such clauses introduced? Explain +the ablative absolute. Why is the ablative absolute of such frequent +occurrence in Latin? Explain the predicate accusative. After what verbs +are two accusatives commonly found? What do these accusatives become +when the verb is passive?</p> +<div class = "plainnote"> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#lesson_LXX">Go on to Lesson LXX</a></div> + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "../images/pic282.png" width = "183" height = "178" +alt = "coin showing general commanding soldiers"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +IMPERATOR MILITES HORTATUR</span></p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">283</span> +<a name = "page283"> </a> +<h4>SPECIAL VOCABULARIES</h4> + +<h6>The words in heavy type are used in Cæsar’s “Gallic War.”</h6> + + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON IV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec39" name += "sec39vocab">§ 39</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dea</b>, <i>goddess</i> (deity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +Diā´na, <i>Diana</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fera</b>, <i>a wild beast</i> (fierce)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +Lātō´na, <i>Latona</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sagit´ta</b>, <i>arrow</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Verbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>est</b>, <i>he (she, it) is</i>; <b>sunt</b>, <i>they are</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>necat</b>, <i>he (she, it) kills, is killing, does kill</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Conjunction<span class = "tag">1</span></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>et</b>, <i>and</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Pronouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>quis</b>, interrog. pronoun, nom. sing., <i>who?</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cuius</b> (pronounced <i>co͝oi´yo͝os</i>, two syllables), interrog. +pronoun, gen. sing., <i>whose?</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. A <i>conjunction</i> is a word which connects words, parts of +sentences, or sentences.</div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON V, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec47" name += "sec47vocab">§ 47</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>corō´na</b>, <i>wreath, garland, crown</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +fā´bula, <i>story</i> (fable)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pecū´nia</b>, <i>money</i> (pecuniary)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pugna</b>, <i>battle</i> (pugnacious)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>victō´ria</b>, <i>victory</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Verbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dat</b>, <i>he (she, it) gives</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +nārrat, <i>he (she, it) tells</i> (narrate)</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Conjunction<span class = "tag">1</span></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>quia</b> or <b>quod</b>, <i>because</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center"><ins class = "correction" title = +"header missing from original">Pronoun</ins></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cui</b> (pronounced <i>co͝oi</i>, one syllable), interrog. pronoun, +dat. sing., <i>to whom? for whom?</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. A <i>conjunction</i> is a word which connects words, parts of +sentences, or sentences.</div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON VI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec56" name += "sec56vocab">§ 56</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>bona</b>, <i>good</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>grāta</b>, <i>pleasing</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>magna</b>, <i>large, great</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mala</b>, <i>bad, wicked</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>parva</b>, <i>small, little</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pulchra</b>, <i>beautiful, pretty</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sōla</b>, <i>alone</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum rightside">284</span> +<a name = "page284"> </a> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +ancil´la, <i>maidservant</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +Iūlia, <i>Julia</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverbs<span class = "tag">1</span></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cūr</b>, <i>why</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nōn</b>, <i>not</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Pronouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mea</b>, <i>my</i>; <b>tua</b>, <i>thy, your</i> (possesives)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>quid</b>, interrog. pronoun, nom. and acc. sing., <i>what?</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index"> +<b>-ne</b>, the question sign, an enclitic (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec16">§ 16</a>) added to the first word, which, +in a question, is usually the verb, as <b>amat</b>, <i>he loves</i>, but +<b>amat´ne?</b> <i>does he love?</i> <b>est</b>, <i>he is</i>; +<b>estne?</b> <i>is he?</i> Of course <b>-ne</b> is not used when the +sentence contains <b>quis, cūr</b>, or some other interrogative +word.</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. An <i>adverb</i> is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or +another adverb; as, She sings <i>sweetly</i>; she is <i>very</i> +talented; she began to sing <i>very early</i>.</div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON VII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec62" +name = "sec62vocab">§ 62</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>casa, -ae</b>, f., <i>cottage</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +cēna, -ae, f., <i>dinner</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>gallī´na, -ae</b>, f., <i>hen, chicken</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>īn´sula, ae</b>, f., <i>island</i> (pen-insula)</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>de-in´de</b>, <i>then, in the next place</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ubi</b>, <i>where</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Preposition</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ad</b>, <i>to</i>, with acc. to express motion toward</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Verbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +ha´bitat, <i>he (she, it) lives, is living, does live</i> +(inhabit)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>laudat</b>, <i>he (she, it) praises, is praising, does praise</i> +(laud)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>parat</b>, <i>he (she, it) prepares, is preparing, does +prepare</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vocat</b>, <i>he (she, it) calls, is calling, does call; invites, is +inviting, does invite</i> (vocation)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Pronoun</div> +<div class = "index center"> +<b>quem</b>, interrog. pronoun, acc. sing., <i>whom?</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON VIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec69" +name = "sec69vocab">§ 69</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Italia, -ae</b>, f., <i>Italy</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +Sicilia, -ae, f., <i>Sicily</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tuba, -ae</b>, f., <i>trumpet</i> (tube)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>via, -ae</b>, f., <i>way, road, street</i> (viaduct)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>alta</b>, <i>high, deep</i> (altitude)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>clāra</b>, <i>clear, bright; famous</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lāta</b>, <i>wide</i> (latitude)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>longa</b>, <i>long</i> (longitude)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nova</b>, <i>new</i> (novelty)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">285</span> +<a name = "page285"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON IX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec77" name += "sec77vocab">§ 77</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>bellum, -ī</b>, n., <i>war</i> (re-bel)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cōnstantia, -ae</b>, f., <i>firmness, constancy, steadiness</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +dominus, -ī, m., <i>master, lord</i> (dominate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>equus, -ī</b>, m., <i>horse</i> (equine)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>frūmentum, -ī</b>, n., <i>grain</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lēgātus, -ī</b>, m., <i>lieutenant, ambassador</i> (legate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Mārcus, -ī</b>, m., <i>Marcus, Mark</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mūrus, -ī</b>, m., <i>wall</i> (mural)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>oppidānus, -ī</b>, m., <i>townsman</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>oppidum, -ī</b>, n., <i>town</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pīlum, -ī</b>, n., <i>spear</i> (pile driver)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>servus, -ī</b>, m., <i>slave, servant</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +Sextus, -ī, m., <i>Sextus</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Verbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cūrat</b>, <i>he (she, it) cares for</i>, with acc.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>properat</b>, <i>he (she, it) hastens</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON X, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec82" name += "sec82vocab">§ 82</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>amīcus, -ī</b>, m., <i>friend</i> (amicable)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Germānia, -ae</b>, f., <i>Germany</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>patria, -ae</b>, f., <i>fatherland</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>populus, -ī</b>, m., <i>people</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Rhēnus, -ī</b>, m., <i>the Rhine</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vīcus, -ī</b>, m., <i>village</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec86" name += "sec86vocab">§ 86</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>arma, armōrum</b>, n., plur., <i>arms</i>, especially defensive +weapons</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fāma, -ae</b>, f., <i>rumor; reputation, fame</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>galea, -ae</b>, f., <i>helmet</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>praeda, -ae</b>, f., <i>booty, spoils</i> (predatory)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tēlum, -ī</b>, n., <i>weapon of offense, spear</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Adjectives</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dūrus, -a, -um</b>, <i>hard, rough; unfeeling, cruel; severe, +toilsome</i> (durable)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Rōmānus, -a, -um</b>, <i>Roman</i>. As a noun, <b>Rōmānus, -ī</b>, +m., <i>a Roman</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec90" +name = "sec90vocab">§ 90</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fīlius, fīlī</b>, m., <i>son</i> (filial)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +fluvius, fluvī, m., <i>river</i> (fluent)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>gladius, gladī</b>, m., <i>sword</i> (gladiator)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>praesidium, praesi´dī</b>, n., <i>garrison, guard, +protection</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>proelium, proelī</b>, n., <i>battle</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fīnitimus, -a, -um</b>, <i>bordering upon, neighboring, near to</i>. +As a noun, <b>fīnitimī, -ōrum</b>, m., plur., <i>neighbors</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Germānus, -a, -um</b>, <i>German</i>. As a noun, <b>Germānus, -ī</b>, +m., <i>a German</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>multus, -a, -um</b>, <i>much</i>; plur., <i>many</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Adverb</div> +<div class = "index center"> +<b>saepe</b>, <i>often</i></div> +</td> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">286</span> +<a name = "page286"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec95" +name = "sec95vocab">§ 95</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ager, agrī</b>, m., <i>field</i> (acre)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cōpia, -ae</b>, f., <i>plenty, abundance</i> (copious); plur., +<i>troops, forces</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Cornēlius, Cornē´lī</b>, m., <i>Cornelius</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lōrī´ca, -ae</b>, f., <i>coat of mail, corselet</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>praemium, praemī</b>, n., <i>reward, prize</i> (premium)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>puer, puerī</b>, m., <i>boy</i> (puerile)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Rōma, -ae</b>, f., <i>Rome</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>scūtum, -ī</b>, n., <i>shield</i> (escutcheon)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vir, virī</b>, m., <i>man, hero</i> (virile)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Adjectives</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>legiōnārius, -a, -um</b>,<span class = "tag">1</span> <i>legionary, +belonging to the legion</i>. As a noun, <b>legiōnāriī, -ōrum</b>, m., +plur., <i>legionary soldiers</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>līber, lībera, līberum</b>, <i>free</i> (liberty) As a noun. +<b>līberī, -ōrum</b>, m., plur., <i>children</i> (lit. <i>the +freeborn</i>)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum</b>, <i>pretty, beautiful</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Preposition</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>apud</b>, <i>among</i>, with acc.</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Conjunction</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sed</b>, <i>but</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. The genitive singular masculine of adjectives in <b>-ius</b> ends in +<b>-iī</b> and the vocative in <b>-ie</b>; not in <b>-ī</b>, as in +nouns.</div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XIV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec99" +name = "sec99vocab">§ 99</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>auxilium, auxi´lī</b>, n., <i>help, aid</i> (auxiliary)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>castrum, -ī</b>, n., <i>fort</i> (castle); plur., <i>camp</i> (lit. +<i>forts</i>)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cibus, -ī</b>, m., <i>food</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cōnsilium, cōnsi´lī</b>, n., <i>plan</i> (counsel)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dīligentia, -ae</b>, f., <i>diligence, industry</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +magister, magistrī, m., <i>master, teacher</i><span class = +"tag">1</span></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Adjectives</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aeger, aegra, aegrum</b>, <i>sick</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>crēber, crēbra, crēbrum</b>, <i>frequent</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>miser, misera, miserum</b>, <i>wretched, unfortunate</i> +(miser)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Observe that <b>dominus</b>, as distinguished from <b>magister</b>, +means <i>master</i> in the sense of <i>owner</i>.</div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec107" +name = "sec107vocab">§ 107</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>carrus, -ī</b>, m., <i>cart, wagon</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>inopia, -ae</b>, f., <i>want, lack;</i> the opposite of +<b>cōpia</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>studium, studī</b>, n., <i>zeal, eagerness</i> (study)</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Verb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mātūrat</b>, <i>he (she, it) hastens.</i> Cf. properat</div> +</td> + +<td> +<span class = "pagenum rightside">287</span> +<a name = "page287"> </a> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>armātus, -a, -um</b>, <i>armed</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>īnfīrmus, -a, -um</b>, <i>week, feeble</i> (infirm)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +vali´dus, -a, -um, <i>strong, sturdy</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>iam</b>, <i>already, now</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index"> +<b>-que</b>, conjunction, <i>and</i>; an enclitic (cf. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec16">§ 16</a>) and always added to +the +<i>second</i> of two words to be connected, as <b>arma tēla´que</b>, +<i>arms and weapons</i>.</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XVII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec117" +name = "sec117vocab">§ 117</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>agrī cultūra, -ae</b>, f., <i>agriculture</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>domicilīum, domīci´lī</b>, n., <i>dwelling place</i> (domicile) +<i>abode</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fēmina, -ae</b>, f., <i>woman</i> (female)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Gallia, -ae</b>, f., <i>Gaul</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Gallus, -i</b>, m., <i>a Gaul</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lacrima, -ae</b>, f., <i>tear</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>numerus, -ī</b>, m., <i>number</i> (numeral)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjective</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mātūrus, -a, -um</b>, <i>ripe, mature</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Verbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +arat, <i>he (she, it) plows</i> (arable)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēsīderat</b>, <i>he (she, it) misses, longs for</i> (desire), with +acc.</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +quō, <i>whither</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Conjunction</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>an</b>, <i>or</i>, introducing the second half of a double question, +as <i>Is he a Roman or a Gaul</i>, <b>Estne Romanus an Gallus?</b></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XVIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec124" +name = "sec124vocab">§ 124</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +lūdus, -ī, m.,<i>school</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>socius, socī</b>, m., <i>companion, ally</i> (social)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>īrātus, -a, -um</b>, <i>angry, furious</i> (irate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>laetus, -a, -um</b>, <i>happy, glad</i> (social)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Adverbs</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +hodiē, <i>to-day</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ibi</b>, <i>there, in that place</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +mox, <i>presently, soon</i>, of the immediate future</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nunc</b>, <i>now, the present moment</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nūper</b>, <i>lately, recently</i>, of the immediate past</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec136" +name = "sec136vocab">§ 136</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fōrma, -ae</b>, f., <i>form, beauty</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>poena, -ae</b>, f., <i>punishment, penalty</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>potentia, -ae</b>, f., <i>power</i> (potent)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>regīna, -ae</b>, f., <i>queen</i> (regal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +superbia, -ae, f., <i>pride, haughtiness</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>trīstītīa, -ae</b>, f., <i>sadness, sorrow</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>septem</b>, indeclinable, <i>seven</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>superbus, -a, -um</b>, <i>proud, haughty</i> (superb)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Conjunctions</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nōn sōlum ... sed etiam</b>, <i>not only ... but also</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">288</span> +<a name = "page288"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec140" +name = "sec140vocab">§ 140</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +sacrum, -ī, n., <i>sacrifice, offering, rite</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>verbum, -ī</b>, n., <i>word</i> (verb)</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Verbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +sedeō, -ēre, <i>sit</i> (sediment)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +volō, -āre, <i>fly</i> (volatile)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>interfectus, -a, -um</b>, <i>slain</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>molestus, -a, -um</b>, <i>troublesome, annoying</i> (molest)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>perpetuus, -a, -um</b>, <i>perpetual, continuous</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index"> +<b>ego</b>, personal pronoun, <i>I</i> (egotism). Always emphatic in the +nominative.</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec146" +name = "sec146vocab">§ 146</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Nouns</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>disciplīna, -ae</b>, f., <i>training, culture, discipline</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ōrnāmentum</b>, -ī, n., <i>ornament, jewel</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Gāius, Gāī</b>, m., <i>Caius</i>, a Roman first name</div> +<div class = "index special"> +Tiberius, Tibe´rī, m., <i>Tiberius</i>, a Roman first name</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Verb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>doceō, -ēre</b>, <i>teach</i> (doctrine)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>maximē</b>, <i>most of all, especially</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Adjective</div> +<div class = "index center"> +<b>antīquus, -qua, -quum</b>, <i>old, ancient</i> (antique)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXVII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec168" +name = "sec168vocab">§ 168</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>āla, -ae</b>, f., <i>wing</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>deus, -ī</b>, m., <i>god</i> (deity)<span class = +"tag">1</span></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>monstrum, -ī</b>, n., <i>omen, prodigy; monster</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +ōrāculum, -ī, n., <i>oracle</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Verb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vāstō, -āre</b>, <i>lay waste, devastate</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>commōtus, -a, -um</b>, <i>moved, excited</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>maximus, -a, -um</b>, <i>greatest</i> (maximum)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>saevus, -a, -um</b>, <i>fierce, savage</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ita</b>, <i>thus, in this way, as follows</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tum</b>, <i>then, at that time</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. For the declension of <b>deus</b>, see <a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a></div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXVIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec171" +name = "sec171vocab">§ 171</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Verbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>respondeō, -ēre</b>, <i>respond, reply</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>servō, -āre</b>, <i>save, preserve</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjective</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cārus, -a, -um</b>, <i>dear</i> (cherish)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Conjunction</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>autem</b>, <i>but, moreover, now</i>. Usually</div> +<div class = "index special"> +stands second, never first</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Noun</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vīta, -ae</b>, f., <i>life</i> (vital)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">289</span> +<a name = "page289"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXIX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec176" +name = "sec176vocab">§ 176</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Verb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>superō, -āre</b>, <i>conquer, overcome</i> (insuperable)</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cūra, -ae</b>, f., <i>care, trouble</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>locus, -ī</b>, m., <i>place, spot</i> (location). <b>Locus</b> is +neuter in the plural and is declined <b>loca, -ōrum</b>, etc.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>perīculum, -ī</b>, n., <i>danger, peril</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverbs</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>semper</b>, <i>always</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tamen</b>, <i>yet, nevertheless</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Prepositions</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dē</b>, with abl., <i>down from; concerning</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>per</b>, with acc., <i>through</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Conjunction</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>si</b>, <i>if</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec182" +name = "sec182vocab">§ 182</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Verbs</div> +<td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>absum, abesse</b>, irreg., <i>be away, be absent, be distant</i>, +with separative abl.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>adpropinquō, -āre</b>, <i>draw near, approach</i> (propinquity), with +dative<span class = "tag">1</span></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>contineō, -ēre</b>, <i>hold together, hem in, keep</i> +(contain)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>discēdō, -ere</b>, <i>depart, go away, leave</i>, with separative +abl.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>egeō, -ēre</b>, <i>lack, need, be without</i>, with separative +abl.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>interficiō, -ere</b>, <i>kill</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>prohibeō, -ēre</b>, <i>restrain, keep from</i> (prohibit)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vulnerō, -āre</b>, <i>wound</i> (vulnerable)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>prōvincia, -ae</b>, f., <i>province</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vīnum, -ī</b>, n., <i>wine</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjective</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēfessus, -a, -um</b>, <i>weary, worn out</i></div> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>longē</b>, <i>far, by far, far away</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. This verb governs the dative because the idea of <i>nearness to</i> +is stronger than that of <i>motion to</i>. If the latter idea were the +stronger, the word would be used with <b>ad</b> and the +accusative.</div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXXI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec188" +name = "sec188vocab">§ 188</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +aurum, -ī, n., <i>gold</i> (oriole)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mora, -ae</b>, f., <i>delay</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nāvigium, nāvi´gī</b>, n., <i>boat, ship</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ventus, -ī</b>, m., <i>wind</i> (ventilate)</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Verb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nāvigō, -āre</b>, <i>sail</i> (navigate)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +attentus, -a, -um, <i>attentive, careful</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dubius, -a, -um</b>, <i>doubtful</i> (dubious)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +perfidus, -a, -um, <i>faithless, treacherous</i> (perfidy)</div> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>anteā</b>, <i>before, previously</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Preposition</div> +<div class = "index center"> +<b>sine</b>, with abl., <i>without</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">290</span> +<a name = "page290"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXXII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec193" +name = "sec193vocab">§ 193</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "partspeech">Nouns</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>animus, -ī</b>, m., <i>mind, heart; spirit, feeling</i> +(animate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>bracchium, bracchī</b>, n., <i>forearm, arm</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>porta, -ae</b>, f., <i>gate</i> (portal)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adjectives</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>adversus, -a, -um</b>, <i>opposite; adverse, contrary</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>plēnus, -a, -um</b>, <i>full</i> (plenty)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Preposition</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>prō</b>, with abl., <i>before; in behalf of; instead of</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "partspeech">Adverb</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>diū</b>, <i>for a long time, long</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXXIV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec200" +name = "sec200vocab">§ 200</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Adverbs</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>celeriter</b>, <i>quickly</i> (celerity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēnique</b>, <i>finally</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>graviter</b>, <i>heavily, severely</i> (gravity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>subitō</b>, <i>suddenly</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "partspeech center">Verb</div> +<div class = "index center"> +<b>reportō, -āre, -āvī</b>, <i>bring back, restore; win, gain</i> +(report)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXXVI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec211" +name = "sec211vocab">§ 211</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dexter, dextra, dextrum</b>, <i>right</i> (dextrous)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sinister, sinistra, sinistrum</b>, <i>left</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>frūstrā</b>, adv., <i>in vain</i> (frustrate)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus</b>, <i>bear, carry on; wear</i>; +<b>bellum gerere</b>, <i>to wage war</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>occupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātus</b>, <i>seize, take possession +of</i> (occupy)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>postulō, postulāre, postulāvī, postulātus</b>, <i>demand</i> +(ex-postulate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>recūsō, recūsāre, recūsāvī, recūsātus</b>, <i>refuse</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>stō, stāre, stetī, status</b>, <i>stand</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātus</b>, <i>try, tempt, test; +attempt</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>teneō, tenēre, tenuī</b>, ——, <i>keep, hold</i> +(tenacious)</div> +<br> +<div class = "index"> +The word <b>ubi</b>, which we have used so much in the sense of +<i>where</i> in asking a question, has two other uses equally +important:</div> + +<div class = "index special"> +1. <b>ubi</b> = <i>when</i>, as a relative conjunction denoting time; +as,<br> +<b>Ubi mōnstrum audīvērunt, fūgērunt</b>, <i>when they heard the +monster, they fled</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +2. <b>ubi</b> = <i>where</i>, as a relative conjunction denoting place; +as,<br> +<b>Videō oppidum ubi Galba habitat</b>, <i>I see the town where Galba +lives</i></div> + +<div class = "index"> +<b>Ubi</b> is called a <i>relative conjunction</i> because it is +equivalent to a relative pronoun. <i>When</i> in the first sentence is +equivalent to <i>at the time <b>at which;</b></i> and in the second, +<i>where</i> is equivalent to <i>the place <b>in which</b>.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">291</span> +<a name = "page291"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXXVII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec217" +name = "sec217vocab">§ 217</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>neque</b> or <b>nec</b>, conj., <i>neither, nor, and ... not</i>; +<b>neque ... neque</b>, <i>neither ... nor</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>castellum</b>, -ī, n., <i>redoubt, fort</i> (castle)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cotīdiē</b>, adv., <i>daily</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +cessō, cessāre, cessāvī, cessātus, <i>cease</i>, with the infin.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptus</b>, <i>begin</i> (incipient), +with the infin.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus</b>, <i>storm, +assail</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>petō, petere, petivi</b> or <b>petiī, petītus</b>, <i>aim at, assail, +storm, attack; seek, ask</i> (petition)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus</b>, <i>place, put</i> (position); +<b>castra pōnere</b>, <i>to pitch camp</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>possum, posse, potuī</b>, ——, <i>be able, can</i> +(potent), with the infin.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vetō, vetāre, vetuī, vetitus</b>, <i>forbid</i> (veto), vith the +infin.; opposite of <b>iubeō</b>, <i>command</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus</b>, <i>conquer</i> (in-vincible)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vīvō, vīvere, vīxī</b>, ——, <i>live, be alive</i> +(re-vive)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XXXIX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec234" +name = "sec234vocab">§ 234</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>barbarus, -a, -um</b>, <i>strange, foreign, barbarous</i>. As a noun, +<b>barbarī, -ōrum</b>, m., plur., <i>savages, barbarians</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dux, ducis</b>, m., <i>leader</i> (duke). Cf. the verb +<b>dūcō</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>eques, equitis</b>, m., <i>horseman, cavalryman</i> +(equestrian)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +iūdex, iūdicis, <i>m., judge</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lapis, lapidis</b>, m., <i>stone</i> (lapidary)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mīles, mīlitis</b>, m., <i>soldier</i> (militia)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pedes, peditis</b>, m., <i>foot soldier</i> (pedestrian)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pēs, pedis</b>,<span class = "tag">1</span> m., <i>foot</i> +(pedal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>prīnceps, prīncipis</b>, m., <i>chief</i> (principal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>rēx, rēgis</b>, m., <i>king</i> (regal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>summus, -a, -um</b>, <i>highest, greatest</i> (summit)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>virtūs, virtūtis</b>, f., <i>manliness, courage</i> (virtue)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. Observe that <b>e</b> is <i>long</i> in the nom. sing, and +<i>short</i> in the other cases.</div> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XL, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec237" +name = "sec237vocab">§ 237</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Caesar, -aris</b>, m., <i>Cæsar</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>captīvus, -ī</b>, m., <i>captive, prisoner</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cōnsul, -is</b>, m., <i>consul</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>frāter, frātris</b>, m., <i>brother</i> (fraternity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>homō, hominis</b>, m., <i>man, human being</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>impedīmentum, -ī</b>, n., <i>hindrance</i> (impediment); plur. +<b>impedīmenta, -ōrum</b>, <i>baggage</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<span class = "pagenum rightside">292</span> +<a name = "page292"> </a> + +<div class = "index special"> +<b>imperātor, imperātōris</b>, m., <i>commander in chief, general</i> +(emperor)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>legiō, legiōnis</b>, f., <i>legion</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>māter, mātris</b>, f., <i>mother</i> (maternal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ōrdō, ōrdinis</b>, m., <i>row, rank</i> (order)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pater, patris</b>, m., <i>father</i> (paternal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>salūs, salūtis</b>, f., <i>safety</i> (salutary)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>soror, sorōris</b>, f., <i>sister</i> (sorority)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec239" +name = "sec239vocab">§ 239</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>calamitās, calamitātis</b>, f., <i>loss, disaster, defeat</i> +(calamity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>caput, capitis</b>, n., <i>head</i> (capital)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>flūmen, flūminis</b>, n., <i>river</i> (flume)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>labor, labōris</b>, m., <i>labor, toil</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>opus, operis</b>, n., <i>work, task</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ōrātor, ōrātōris</b>, m., <i>orator</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>rīpa, -ae</b>, f., <i>bank</i> (of a stream)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tempus, temporis</b>, n., <i>time</i> (temporal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>terror, terrōris</b>, m., <i>terror, fear</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>victor, victōris</b>, m., <i>victor</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus</b>, <i>receive, accept</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cōnfirmō, cōnfīrmāre, cōnfīrmāvī, cōnfīrmātus</b>, <i>strengthen, +establish, encourage</i> (confirm)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec245" +name = "sec245vocab">§ 245</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>animal, animālis (-ium<span class = "tag">1</span>)</b>, n., +<i>animal</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>avis, avis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>bird</i> (aviation)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>caedēs, caedīs (-ium)</b>, f., <i>slaughter</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +calcar, calcāris (-ium), n., <i>spur</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cīvis, cīvis (-ium)</b>, m. and f., <i>citizen</i> (civic)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cliēns, clientis (-ium)</b>, m., <i>retainer, dependent</i> +(client)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fīnis, fīnis (-ium)</b>, m., <i>end, limit</i> (final); plur., +<i>country, territory</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>hostis, hostis (-ium)</b>, m. and f., <i>enemy</i> in war (hostile). +Distinguish from <b>inimīcus</b>, which means a <i>personal</i> +enemy</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ignis, ignis (-ium)</b>, m., <i>fire</i> (ignite)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>īnsigne, īnsignis (-ium)</b>, n. <i>decoration, badge</i> +(ensign)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mare, maris (-ium<span class = "tag">2</span>)</b>, n., <i>sea</i> +(marine)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nāvis, nāvis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>ship</i> (naval);</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nāvis longa</b>, <i>man-of-war</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>turris, turris (-ium)</b>, f., <i>tower</i> (turret)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>urbs, urbis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>city</i> (suburb). An <b>urbs</b> is +larger than an <b>oppidum</b>.</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class = "footnote"> +1. The genitive plural ending <b>-ium</b> is written to mark the +i-stems.</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +2. The genitive plural of <b>mare</b> is not in use.</div> + + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLIV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec249" +name = "sec249vocab">§ 249</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>arbor, arboris</b>, f., <i>tree</i> (arbor)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>collis, collis (-ium)</b>, m., <i>hill</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēns, dentis (-ium)</b>, m., <i>tooth</i> (dentist)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +fōns, fontis (-ium), m.. <i>fountain, spring; source</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>iter, itineris</b>, n., <i>march, journey, route</i> +(itinerary)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mēnsis, mēnsis (-ium)</b>, m., <i>month</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>moenia, -ium</b>, n., plur., <i>walls, fortifications</i>. Cf. +<b>mūrus</b></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mōns, montis (-ium)</b>, m., <i>mountain</i>;</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>summus mōns</b>, <i>top of the mountain</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>numquam</b>, adv., <i>never</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pōns, pontis</b>, m., <i>bridge</i> (pontoon)</div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">293</span> +<a name = "page293"> </a> + +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sanguis, sanguinis</b>, m., blood (sanguinary)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>summus, -a, -um</b>, <i>highest, greatest</i> (summit)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>trāns</b>, prep, with acc., <i>across</i> (transatlantic)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vīs (vīs)</b>, gen. plur. <b>virium</b>, f. <i>strength, force, +violence</i> (vim)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec258" +name = "sec258vocab">§ 258</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ācer, ācris, ācre</b>, <i>sharp, keen, eager</i> (acrid)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>brevis, breve</b>, <i>short, brief</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>difficilis, difficile</b>, <i>difficult</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>facilis, facile</b>, <i>facile, easy</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fortis, forte</b>, <i>brave</i> (fortitude)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>gravis, grave</b>, <i>heavy, severe, serious</i> (grave)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>omnis, omne</b>, <i>every, all</i> (omnibus)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pār</b>, gen. <b>paris</b>, <i>equal</i> (par)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>paucī, -ae, -a</b>, <i>few, only a few</i> (paucity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>secundus, -a, -um</b>, <i>second; favorable</i>, opposite of +adversus</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>signum, -ī</b>, n., <i>signal, sign, standard</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vēlōx</b>, gen. <b>vēlōcis</b>, <i>swift</i> (velocity)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>conlocō, conlocāre, conlocāvī, conlocātus</b>, <i>arrange, station, +place</i> (collocation)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēmōnstrō, dēmōnstrāre, dēmōnstrāvī, dēmōnstrātus</b>, <i>point out, +explain</i> (demonstrate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mandō, mandāre, mandāvī, mandātus</b>, <i>commit, intrust</i> +(mandate)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLVI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec261" +name = "sec261vocab">§ 261</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>adventus, -ūs</b>, m., <i>approach, arrival</i> (advent)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ante</b>, prep, with acc., <i>before</i> (ante-date)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cornū, -ūs</b>, n., <i>horn, wing</i> of an army (cornucopia);</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ā dextrō cornū</b>, <i>on the right wing</i>;</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ā sinistrō cornū</b>, <i>on the left wing</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>equitātus, -ūs</b>, m., <i>cavalry</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>exercitus, -ūs</b>, m., <i>army</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>impetus, -ūs</b>, m., <i>attack</i> (impetus); <b>impetum facere +in</b>, with acc., <i>to make an attack on</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lacus, -ūs</b>, dat. and abl. plur. lacubus, m., <i>lake</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>manus, -ūs</b>, f., <i>hand; band, force</i> (manual)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>portus, -ūs</b>, m., <i>harbor</i> (port)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>post</b>, prep, with acc., <i>behind, after</i> (post-mortem)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cremō, cremāre, cremāvī, cremātus</b>, <i>burn</i> (cremate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>exerceō, exercēre, exercuī, exercitus</b>, <i>practice, drill, +train</i> (exercise)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLVII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec270" +name = "sec270vocab">§ 270</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +Athēnae, -ārum, f., plur., <i>Athens</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +Corinthus, -ī, f., <i>Corinth</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>domus, -ūs</b>, locative <b>domī</b>, f., <i>house, home</i> (dome). +Cf. <b>domicilium</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Genāva, -ae</b>, f., <i>Geneva</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +Pompēii, -ōrum, m., plur., <i>Pompeii</i>, a city in Campania. See +map</div> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum rightside">294</span> +<a name = "page294"> </a> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>propter</b>, prep. with acc., <i>on account of, because of</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +rūs, rūris, in the plur. only nom. and acc. <b>rūra</b>, n., +<i>country</i> (rustic)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tergum, tergī</b>, n., <i>back</i>; <b>ā tergō</b>, <i>behind, in the +rear</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vulnus, vulneris</b>, n., <i>wound</i> (vulnerable)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>committō, committere, commīsī, commissus</b>, <i>intrust, commit;</i> +<b>proelium committere</b>, <i>join battle</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>convocō, convocāre, convocāvī, convocātus</b>, <i>call together, +summon</i> (convoke)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>timeō, timēre, timuī</b>, ——, <i>fear; be afraid</i> +(timid)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vertō, vertere, vertī, versus</b>, <i>turn, change</i> (convert); +<b>terga vertere</b>, <i>to turn the backs</i>, hence <i>to +retreat</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLVIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec276" +name = "sec276vocab">§ 276</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aciēs, -ēī</b>, f., <i>line of battle</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aestās, aestātis</b>, f., <i>summer</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>annus, -ī</b>, m., <i>year</i> (annual)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>diēs, diēī</b>, m., <i>day</i> (diary)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fidēs, fideī</b>, no plur., f., <i>faith, trust; promise, word; +protection;</i> <b>in fidem venīre</b>, <i>to come under the +protection</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fluctus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>wave, billow</i> (fluctuate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>hiems, hiemis</b>, f., <i>winter</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>hōra, -ae</b>, f., <i>hour</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lūx, lūcis</b>, f., <i>light</i> (lucid); <b>prīma lux</b>, +<i>daybreak</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>merīdiēs</b>, acc. <b>-em</b>, abl. <b>-ē</b>, no plur., m., +<i>midday</i> (meridian)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nox, noctis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>night</i> (nocturnal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>prīmus, -a, -um</b>, <i>first</i> (prime)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>rēs, reī</b>, f., <i>thing, matter</i> (real);</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>rēs gestae</b>, <i>deeds, exploits</i> (lit. <i>things +performed</i>); <b>rēs adversae</b>, <i>adversity</i>; <b>rēs +secundae</b>, <i>prosperity</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>spēs, speī</b>, f., <i>hope</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON XLIX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec283" +name = "sec283vocab">§ 283</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>amīcitia, -ae</b>, f., <i>friendship</i> (amicable)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>itaque</b>, conj., <i>and so, therefore, accordingly</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>littera, -ae</b>, f., <i>a letter</i> of the alphabet;</div> +<div class = "index special"> +plur., <i>a letter, an epistle</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>metus, metūs</b>, m., <i>fear</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nihil</b>, indeclinable, n., <i>nothing</i> (nihilist)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nūntius, nūntī</b>, m., <i>messenger</i>. Cf. <b>nūntiō</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pāx, pācis</b>, f., <i>peace</i> (pacify)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>rēgnum, -ī</b>, n., <i>reign, sovereignty, kingdom</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>supplicum, suppli´cī</b>, n., <i>punishment</i>;</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>supplicum sūmere dē</b>, with abl., <i>inflict punishment +on</i>;</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>supplicum dare</b>, <i>suffer punishment</i>. Cf. <b>poena</b></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>placeō, placēre, placuī, placitus</b>, <i>be pleasing to, please</i>, +with dative. Cf. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec154">§ 154</a></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptus</b>, <i>take up, assume</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus</b>, <i>sustain</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">295</span> +<a name = "page295"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON L, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec288" name += "sec288vocab">§ 288</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>corpus, corporis</b>, n., <i>body</i> (corporal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēnsus, -a, -um</b>, <i>dense</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>īdem, e´adem, idem</b>, demonstrative pronoun, <i>the same</i> +(identity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ipse, ipsa, ipsum</b>, intensive pronoun, <i>self; even, +very</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mīrus, -a, -um</b>, <i>wonderful, marvelous</i> (miracle)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ōlim</b>, adv., <i>formerly, once upon a time</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pars, partis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>part, region, direction</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>quoque</b>, adv., <i>also</i>. Stands <i>after</i> the word which it +emphasizes</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sōl, sōlis</b>, m., <i>sun</i> (solar)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vērus, -a, -um</b>, <i>true, real</i> (verity)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus</b>, <i>owe, ought</i> (debt)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptus</b>, <i>snatch from</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec294" +name = "sec294vocab">§ 294</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>hic, haec, hoc</b>, demonstrative pronoun, <i>this</i> (of mine); +<i>he, she, it</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ille, illa, illud</b>, demonstrative pronoun <i>that</i> (yonder); +<i>he, she, it</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>invīsus, -a, -um</b>, <i>hateful, detested</i>, with dative Cf. <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec143">§ 143</a></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>iste, ista, istud</b>, demonstrative pronoun, <i>that</i> (of yours); +<i>he, she, it</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lībertās, -ātis</b>, f., <i>liberty</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>modus, -ī</b>, m., <i>measure; manner, way, mode</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nōmen, nōminis</b>, n., <i>name</i> (nominate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>oculus, -ī</b>, m., <i>eye</i> (oculist)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>prīstinus, -a, -um</b>, <i>former, old-time</i> (pristine)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>pūblicus, -a, -um</b>, <i>public, belonging to the state;</i> <b>rēs +pūblica, reī pūblicae</b>, f., <i>the commonwealth, the state, the +republic</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vestīgium, vestī´gī</b>, n., <i>footprint, track; trace, +vestige</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vōx, vōcis</b>, f., <i>voice</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec298" +name = "sec298vocab">§ 298</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>incolumis, -e</b>, <i>unharmed</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nē ... quidem</b>, adv., <i>not even</i>. The emphatic word stands +between <b>nē</b> and <b>quidem</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nisi</b>, conj., <i>unless, if ... not</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>paene</b>, adv., <i>almost</i> (pen-insula)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>satis</b>, adv., <i>enough, sufficiently</i> (satisfaction)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tantus, -a, -um</b>, <i>so great</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vērō</b>, adv., <i>truly, indeed, in fact</i>. As a conj. <i>but, +however</i>, usually stands second, never first.</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēcidō, dēcidere, dēcidī</b>, ——, <i>fall down</i> +(deciduous)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēsiliō, dēsilīre, dēsiluī, dēsultus</b>, <i>leap down, +dismount</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus</b>, <i>remain</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>trādūcō, trādūcere, trādūxī, trāductus</b>, <i>lead across</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">296</span> +<a name = "page296"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec306" +name = "sec306vocab">§ 306</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aquila, -ae</b>, f., <i>eagle</i> (aquiline)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>audāx</b>, gen. <b>audācis</b>, adj., <i>bold, audacious</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>celer, celeris, celere</b>, <i>swift, quick</i> (celerity). Cf. +<b>vēlōx</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>explōratōr, -ōris</b>, m., <i>scout, spy</i> (explorer)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ingēns</b>, gen. <b>ingentis</b>, adj., <i>huge, vast</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>medius, -a, -um</b>, <i>middle, middle part of</i> (medium)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mēns, mentis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>mind</i> (mental). Cf. +<b>animus</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>opportūnus, -a, -um</b>, <i>opportune</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>quam</b>, adv., <i>than</i>. With the superlative <b>quam</b> gives +the force of <i>as possible</i>, as <b>quam audācissimī virī</b>, <i>men +as bold as possible</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>recens</b>, gen. <b>recentis</b>, adj., <i>recent</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tam</b>, adv., <i>so</i>. Always with an adjective or adverb, while +<b>ita</b> is generally used with a verb</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītus</b>, <i>ask, inquire, seek</i> +(question). Cf. <b>petō</b></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LIV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec310" +name = "sec310vocab">§ 310</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>alacer, alacris, alacre</b>, <i>eager, spirited, excited</i> +(alacrity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>celeritās, -ātis</b>, f., <i>speed</i> (celerity)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>clāmor, clāmōris</b>, m., <i>shout, clamor</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lēnis, lēne</b>, <i>mild, gentle</i> (lenient)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mulier, muli´eris</b>, f., <i>woman</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>multitūdō, multitūdinis</b>, f., <i>multitude</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nēmŏ</b>, dat. <b>nēminī</b>, acc. <b>nēminem</b> (gen. +<b>nūllīus</b>, abl. <b>nūllō</b>, from <b>nūllus</b>), no plur., m. and +f., <i>no one</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nōbilis, nōbile</b>, <i>well known, noble</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>noctū</b>, adv. (an old abl.), <i>by night</i> (nocturnal)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>statim</b>, adv., <i>immediately, at once</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>subitō</b>, adv., <i>suddenly</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>tardus, -a, -um</b>, <i>slow</i> (tardy)</div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītus</b>, <i>desire, wish</i> +(cupidity)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LV, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec314" +name = "sec314vocab">§ 314</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aedificium, aedifi´cī</b>, n., <i>building, dwelling</i> +(edifice)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>imperium, impe´rī</b>, n., <i>command, chief power; empire</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mors, mortis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>death</i> (mortal)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>reliquus, -a, -um</b>, <i>remaining, rest of</i>. As a noun, m. and +n. plur., <i>the rest</i> (relic)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>scelus, sceleris</b>, n., <i>crime</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>servitūs, -ūtis</b>, f., <i>slavery</i> (servitude)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vallēs, vallis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>valley</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>abdō, abdere, abdidī, abditus</b>, <i>hide</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>contendō, contendere, contendī, contentus</b>, <i>strain, struggle; +hasten</i> (contend)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsus</b>, <i>cut down, kill</i>. Cf. +<b>necō, interficiō</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>perterreō, perterrēre, perterruī, perterritus</b>, <i>terrify, +frighten</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptus</b>, <i>receive, recover</i>; +<b>sē recipere</b>, <i>betake one’s self, withdraw, retreat</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus</b>, <i>give over, surrender, +deliver</i> (traitor)</div> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">297</span> +<a name = "page297"> </a> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LVI, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec318" +name = "sec318vocab">§ 318</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aditus, -ūs</b>, m., <i>approach, access; entrance</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cīvitās, cīvitātis</b>, f., <i>citizenship; body of citizens, +state</i> (city)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>inter</b>, prep, with acc., <i>between, among</i> (interstate +commerce)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>nam</b>, conj., <i>for</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>obses, obsidis</b>, m. and f., <i>hostage</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>paulō</b>, adv. (abl. n. of <b>paulus</b>), <i>by a little, +somewhat</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>incolō, incolere, incoluī</b>, ——, transitive, +<i>inhabit;</i> intransitive, <i>dwell</i>. Cf.</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>habitō, vīvō</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictus</b>, <i>leave, abandon</i> +(relinquish)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtus</b>, <i>fix, decide</i> (statute), +usually with infin.</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LVII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec326" +name = "sec326vocab">§ 326</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aequus, -a, -um</b>, <i>even, level; equal</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cohors, cohortis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>cohort</i>, a tenth part of a +legion, about 360 men</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>currō, currere, cucurrī, cursus</b>, <i>run</i> (course)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>difficultās, -ātis</b>, f., <i>difficulty</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>fossa, -ae</b>, f., <i>ditch</i> (fosse)</div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>gēns, gentis (-ium)</b>, f., <i>race, tribe, nation</i> +(Gentile)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>negōtium, negōtī</b>, n., <i>business, affair, matter</i> +(negotiate)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>regiō, -ōnis</b>, f., <i>region, district</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>rūmor, rūmōris</b>, m., <i>rumor, report</i>. Cf. fāma</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>simul atque</b>, conj., <i>as soon as</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>suscipiō, suscipere, suscēpī, susceptus</b>, <i>undertake</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctus</b>, <i>drag, draw</i> +(ex-tract)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>valeō, valēre, valuī, valitūrus</b>, <i>be strong</i>; plūrimum +valēre, <i>to be most powerful, have great influence</i> (value). Cf. +validus</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LVIII, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec332" +name = "sec332vocab">§ 332</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>commeātus, -ūs</b>, m.. <i>provisions</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>lātitūdō, -inis</b>, f., <i>width</i> (latitude)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>longitūdō, -inis</b>, f., <i>length</i> (longitude)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>magnitūdō, -inis</b>, f., <i>size, magnitude</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mercātor, mercātōris</b>, m., <i>trader, merchant</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>mūnītiō, -ōnis</b>, f., <i>fortification</i> (munition)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>spatium, spatī</b>, n., <i>room, space, distance; time</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cognōscō, cognōscere, cognōvī, cognitus</b>, <i>learn</i>; in the +perfect tenses, <i>know</i> (re-cognize)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus</b>, <i>collect; compel</i> +(cogent)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus</b>, <i>defend</i></div> +<span class = "pagenum rightside">298</span> +<a name = "page298"> </a> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus</b>, <i>set fire to, burn</i> +(incendiary). Cf. <b>cremō</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>obtineō, obtinēre, obtinuī, obtentus</b>, <i>possess, occupy, +hold</i> (obtain)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventus</b>, <i>come through, +arrive</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LIX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec337" +name = "sec337vocab">§ 337</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>agmen, agminis</b>, n., <i>line of march, column</i>; <b>prīmum +agmen</b>, <i>the van</i>; <b>novissimum agmen</b>, <i>the +rear</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>atque, ac</b>, conj., <i>and</i>; <b>atque</b> is used before vowels +and consonants, <b>ac</b> before consonants only. Cf. <b>et</b> and +<b>-que</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>concilium, conci´lī</b>, n., <i>council, assembly</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>Helvētiī, -ōrum</b>, m., <i>the Helvetii</i>, a Gallic tribe</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>passus, passūs</b>, m., <i>a pace</i>, five Roman feet; <b>mīlle +passuum</b>, <i>a thousand (of) paces</i>, a Roman mile</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>quā dē causā</b>, <i>for this reason, for what reason</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vāllum, -ī</b>, n., <i>earth-works, rampart</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrus</b>, <i>fall</i> (decadence)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>dēdō, dēdere, dēdidī, dēditus</b>, <i>surrender, give up</i>; with a +reflexive pronoun, <i>surrender one’s self, submit</i>, with the dative +of the indirect object</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>premō, premere, pressī, pressus</b>, <i>press hard, harass</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>vexō, vexāre, vexāvī, vexātus</b>, <i>annoy, ravage</i> (vex)</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5 class = "subchap">LESSON LX, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec341" +name = "sec341vocab">§ 341</a></h5> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>aut</b>, conj., <i>or</i>; <b>aut ... aut</b>, <i>either ... +or</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>causā</b>, abl. of <b>causa</b>, <i>for the sake of, because of</i>. +Always stands <i>after</i> the gen. which modifies it</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ferē</b>, adv., <i>nearly, almost</i></div> +</td> +<td> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>opīniō, -ōnis</b>, f., <i>opinion, supposition, expectation</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>rēs frūmentāria, reī frūmentāriae</b>, f. (lit. <i>the grain +affair</i>), <i>grain supply</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>timor, -ōris</b>, m., <i>fear</i>. Cf. <b>timeō</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>undique</b>, adv., <i>from all sides</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum</b>, <i>attempt, try</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum</b>, <i>move out, disembark</i>; +<b>prōgredior</b>, <i>move forward, advance</i> (egress, progress)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>moror, morārī, morātus sum</b>, <i>delay</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>orior, orirī, ortus sum</b>, <i>arise, spring; begin; be born</i> +(<i>from</i>) (origin)</div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum</b>, <i>set out</i></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>revertor, revertī, reversus sum</b>, <i>return</i> (revert). The +forms of this verb are usually active, and not deponent, in the perfect +system. Perf. act., <b>revertī</b></div> +<div class = "index special"> +<b>sequor, sequī, secūtus sum</b>, <i>follow</i> (sequence). Note the +following compounds of <b>sequor</b> and the force of the different +prefixes: <b>cōnsequor</b> (<i>follow with</i>), <i>overtake</i>; +<b>īnsequor</b> (<i>follow against</i>), <i>pursue</i>; <b>subsequor</b> +(<i>follow under</i>), <i>follow close after</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<span class = "pagenum">299</span> +<a name = "page299"> </a> + +<h4><a name = "vocabulary">LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY</a></h4> + +<p>Translations inclosed within parentheses are not to be used as such; +they are inserted to show etymological meanings.</p> + +<div class = "mynote"> +The “parentheses” are shown in square brackets [ ], as in the +original.</div> + +<p class = "mylink"> +<a href = "#latin_A"> A </a> +<a href = "#latin_B"> B </a> +<a href = "#latin_C"> C </a> +<a href = "#latin_D"> D </a> +<a href = "#latin_E"> E </a> +<a href = "#latin_F"> F </a> +<a href = "#latin_G"> G </a> +<a href = "#latin_H"> H </a> +<a href = "#latin_I"> I </a> +<a href = "#latin_L"> L </a> +<a href = "#latin_M"> M </a> +<a href = "#latin_N"> N </a> +<a href = "#latin_O"> O </a> +<a href = "#latin_P"> P </a> +<a href = "#latin_Q"> Q </a> +<a href = "#latin_R"> R </a> +<a href = "#latin_S"> S </a> +<a href = "#latin_T"> T </a> +<a href = "#latin_U"> U </a> +<a href = "#latin_V"> V </a> +</p> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_A">A</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ā</b> or <b>ab</b>, prep. with abl. <i>from, by, off</i>. Translated +<i>on</i> in <b>ā dextrō cornū</b>, <i>on the right wing</i>; <b>ā +fronte</b>, <i>on the front</i> or <i>in front</i>; <b>ā dextrā</b>, +<i>on the right</i>; <b>ā latere</b>, <i>on the +side</i>; etc.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ab-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus</b>, <i>hide, conceal</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ab-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b>, <i>lead off, lead away</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>abs-cīdō, -ere, -cīdī,-cīsus</b> [<b>ab(s)</b>, <i>off</i>, + +<b>caedō</b>, <i>cut</i>], <i>cut off</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ab-sum, -esse, āfuī, āfutūrus</b>, <i>be away, be absent, be distant, +be off</i>; with <b>ā</b> or <b>ab</b> and abl., <a href = +"#sec501_32">§ 501.32</a></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ac</b>, conj., see <b>atque</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ac-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus</b> [<b>ad</b>, <i>to</i>, + +<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], <i>receive, accept</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ācer, ācris, ācre</b>, adj. <i>sharp</i>; figuratively, <i>keen, +active, eager</i> (<a href = "#sec471">§ 471</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>acerbus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>bitter, sour</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aciēs, -ēī</b>, f. [<b>ācer</b>, <i>sharp</i>], <i>edge; line of +battle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ācriter</b>, adv. [<b>ācer</b>, <i>sharp</i>], compared <b>ācrius, +ācerrimē</b>, <i>sharply, fiercely</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad</b>, prep. with acc. <i>to, towards, near</i>. With the gerund or +gerundive, <i>to, for</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>make equal, make level +with</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b>, <i>lead to; move, induce</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus</b>, <i>go to, approach, draw near, +visit</i>, with acc. (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec413">§ 413</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-ferō, ad-ferre, at-tulī, ad-lātus</b>, <i>bring, convey; report, +announce; render, give</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus</b> [<b>ad</b>, <i>to</i>, + +<b>faciō</b>, <i>do</i>], <i>affect, visit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>adflīctātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>adflīctō</b>, +<i>shatter</i>], <i>shattered</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-flīgō, -ere, -flīxī, -flīctus</b>, <i>dash upon, strike upon; +harass, distress</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-hibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b> [<b>ad</b>, <i>to</i>, + <b>habeō</b>, +<i>hold</i>], <i>apply, employ, use</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-hūc</b>, adv. <i>hitherto, as yet, thus far</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aditus, -ūs</b>, m. [<b>adeō</b>, <i>approach</i>], <i>approach, +access; entrance</i>. Cf. <b>adventus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>bind to, fasten</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-loquor, -loquī, -locūtus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>ad</b>, <i>to</i>, ++ <b>loquor</b>, <i>speak</i>], <i>speak to, address</i>, +with acc.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>manage, direct</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>admīrātiō, -ōnis</b>, f. [<b>admīror</b>, <i>wonder at</i>], +<i>admiration, astonishment</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtus</b>, <i>move to; apply, +employ</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-propinquō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>come near, approach</i>, with +dat.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ad-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūres</b>, <i>be present; assist</i>; with +dat., +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>adulēscēns, -entis</b>, m. and f. [part. of <b>adolēscō</b>, +<i>grow</i>], <i>a youth, young man, young person</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">300</span> +<a name = "page300"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>adventus, -ūs</b>, m. [<b>ad</b>, <i>to</i>, + <b>veniō</b>, +<i>come</i>], <i>approach, arrival</i> (<a href = +"#sec466">§ 466</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>adversus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>advertō</b>, <i>turn +to</i>], <i>turned towards, facing;</i> <i>contrary, adverse</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs adversae</b>, <i>adversity</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aedificium, aedifi´cī</b>, n. [<b>aedificō</b>, <i>build</i>], +<i>building, edifice</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aedificō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus</b> [<b>aedēs</b>, <i>house</i>, + +<b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i>], <i>build</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aeger, aegra, aegrum</b>, adj. <i>sick, feeble</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aequālis, -e</b>, adj. <i>equal, like</i>. As a noun, <b>aequālis, +-is</b>, m. or f. <i>one of the same age</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aequus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>even, level; equal</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Aesōpus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Æsop</i>, a writer of fables</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aestās, -ātis</b>, f. <i>summer</i>, <b>initā aestāte</b>, <i>at the +beginning of summer</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aetās, -ātis</b>, f. <i>age</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Aethiopia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Ethiopia</i>, a country in Africa</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Āfrica, -ae</b>, f. <i>Africa</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Āfricānus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>of Africa</i>. A name given to Scipio +for his victories in Africa</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ager, agrī</b>, m. <i>field, farm, land</i> (<a href = +"#sec462">§ 462. <i>c</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>agger, -eris</b>, m. <i>mound</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>agmen, -inis</b>, n. [<b>agō</b>, <i>drive</i>], <i>an army</i> on +the march, <i>column</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>prīmum agmen</b>, <i>the van</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus</b>, <i>drive, lead; do, perform</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>vītam agere</b>, <i>pass life</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>agricola, -ae</b>, m. [<b>ager</b>, <i>field</i>, + <b>colō</b>, +<i>cultivate</i>], <i>farmer</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>agrī cultūra, -ae</b>, f. <i>agriculture</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>āla, -ae</b>, f. <i>wing</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>alacer, -cris, -cre</b>, adj. <i>active, eager</i>. Cf. +<b>ācer</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>alacritās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>alacer</b>, <i>active</i>], +<i>eagerness, alacrity</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>alacriter</b>, adv. [<b>alacer</b>, <i>active</i>], comp <b>alacrius, +alacerrimē</b>, <i>actively, eagerly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>albus, -a, -um</b>, adj., <i>white</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>alcēs, -is</b>, f. <i>elk</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Alcmēna, -ae</b>, f. <i>Alcme´na</i>, the mother of Hercules</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aliquis (-quī), -qua, -quid (-quod)</b>, indef. pron. <i>some one, +some</i> (<a href = "#sec487">§ 487</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>alius, -a, -ud</b> (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>), adj. +<i>another, other</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>alius ... alius</b>, <i>one ... another</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>aliī ... aliī</b>, <i>some ... others</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec110">§ 110</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Alpēs, -ium</b>, f. plur. <i>the Alps</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>alter, -era, -erum</b> (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>), adj. +<i>the one, the other</i> (of two).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>alter ... alter</b>, <i>the one ... the other</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec110">§ 110</a>)</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>altitūdō, -inis</b>, f. [<b>altus</b>, <i>high</i>], +<i>height</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>altus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>high, tall, deep</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Amāzonēs, -um</b>, f. plur. <i>Amazons</i>, a fabled tribe of warlike +women</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ambō, -ae, -ō</b>, adj. (decl. like <b>duo</b>), <i>both</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>amīcē</b>, adv. [<b>amīcus</b>, <i>friendly</i>], superl. +<b>amīcissimē</b>, <i>in a friendly manner</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>amiciō, -īre, ——, -ictus</b> [<b>am-</b>, <i>about</i>, + +<b>iaciō</b>, <i>throw</i>], <i>throw around, wrap</i> <i>about, +clothe</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>amīcitia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>amīcus</b>, <i>friend</i>], +<i>friendship</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>amīcus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>amō</b>, <i>love</i>], <i>friendly</i>. +As a noun, <b>amīcus, -ī</b>, m. <i>friend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ā-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus</b>, <i>send</i> <i>away; +lose</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>love, like, be fond of</i> (<a href = +"#sec488">§ 488</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>amphitheātrum, -ī</b>, n. <i>amphitheater</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>amplus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>large, ample; honorable, noble</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>an</b>, conj. <i>or</i>, introducing the second part of a double +question</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ancilla, -ae</b>, f. <i>maidservant</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">301</span> +<a name = "page301"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ancora, -ae</b>, f. <i>anchor</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Andromeda, -ae</b>, f. <i>Androm´eda</i>, daughter of Cepheus and +wife of Perseus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>angulus, -ī</b>, m. <i>angle, corner</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>anim-advertō, -ere, -tī, -sus [animus</b>, <i>mind</i>, + +<b>advertō</b>, <i>turn to</i>], <i>turn the mind to, notice</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>animal, -ālis</b>, n. [<b>anima</b>, <i>breath</i>], <i>animal</i> +(<a href = "#sec465">§ 465. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>animōsus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>spirited</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>animus, -ī</b>, m. [<b>anima</b>, <i>breath</i>], <i>mind, heart; +spirit, courage, feeling;</i> in this sense often plural</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>annus, -i</b>, m. <i>year</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ante</b>, prep, with acc. <i>before</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>anteā</b>, adv. [<b>ante</b>], <i>before, formerly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>antīquus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>ante</b>, <i>before</i>], <i>former, +ancient, old</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aper, aprī</b>, m. <i>wild boar</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Apollō, -inis</b>, m. <i>Apollo</i>, son of Jupiter and Latona, +brother of Diana</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ap-pāreō, -ēre, -uī</b>, —— [<b>ad + pāreō</b>, +<i>appear</i>], <i>appear</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ap-pellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>call by name, name</i>. Cf. +<b>nōminō, vocō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Appius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Appian</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ap-plicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>apply, direct, turn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>apud</b>, prep, with acc. <i>among; at, at the house of</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aqua, -ae</b>, f. <i>water</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aquila, -ae</b>, f. <i>eagle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>āra, -ae</b>, f. <i>altar</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum</b>, <i>think, suppose</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>c</i></a>). Cf. +<b>exīstimō, putō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arbor, -oris</b>, f. <i>tree</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 1. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Arcadia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Arcadia</i>, a district in southern +Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ārdeō, -ēre, ārsī, ārsūrus</b>, <i>be on fire, blaze, burn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arduus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>steep</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Arīcia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Aricia</i>, a town on the Appian Way, near +Rome</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ariēs, -etis</b>, m. <i>battering-ram</i> (<a href = "#page221">p. +221</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arma, -ōrum</b>, n. plur. <i>arms, weapons</i>. Cf. +<b>tēlum</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>armātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>armō</b>, <i>arm</i>], <i>armed, +equipped</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>plow, till</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ars, artis</b>, f. <i>art, skill</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>articulus, -ī</b>, m. <i>joint</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ascrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus</b> [<b>ad</b>, <i>in +addition</i>, + <b>scrībō</b>, <i>write</i>], <i>enroll, +enlist</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Āsia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Asia</i>, i.e. Asia Minor</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>at</b>, conj. <i>but</i>. Cf. <b>autem, sed</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Athēnae, -ārum</b>, f. plur. <i>Athens</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Atlās, -antis</b>, m. <i>Atlas</i>, a Titan who was said to hold up +the sky</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>at-que, ac</b>, conj. <i>and, and also, and what is more</i>. +<b>atque</b> may be used before either vowels or consonants, <b>ac</b> +before consonants only</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>attentus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>attendō</b>, <i>direct</i> +(the mind) <i>toward</i>], <i>attentive, intent on, careful</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>at-tonitus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>thunderstruck, astounded</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>audācia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>audāx</b>, <i>bold</i>], <i>boldness, +audacity</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>audācter</b>, adv. [<b>audāx</b>, <i>bold</i>], compared <b>audācius, +audācissimē</b>, <i>boldly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>audāx, -ācis</b>, adj. <i>bold, daring</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>audeō, -ēre, ausus sum</b>, <i>dare</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>audiō, -īre, -īvī or -īī, -ītus</b>, <i>hear, listen to</i> (<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§§ 420.<i>d</i></a>; <a href = +"#sec491">491</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Augēās, -ae</b>, m. <i>Auge´as</i>, a king whose stables Hercules +cleaned</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aura, -ae</b>, f. <i>air, breeze</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aurātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>aurum</b>, <i>gold</i>], <i>adorned +with gold</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">302</span> +<a name = "page302"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aureus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>aurum</b>, <i>gold</i>], +<i>golden</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aurum, -ī</b>, n. <i>gold</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aut</b>, conj. <i>or</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>aut ... aut</b>, <i>either ... or</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>autem</b>, conj., usually second, never first, in the clause, <i>but, +moreover, however, now</i>. Cf. <b>at, sed</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>auxilium, auxi´lī</b>, n. <i>help, aid, assistance;</i> plur. +<i>auxiliaries</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ā-vertō, -ere, -tī, -sus</b>, <i>turn away, turn aside</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>avis, -is</b>, f. <i>bird</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>)</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_B">B</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ballista, -ae</b>, f. <i>ballista</i>, an engine for hurling missiles +(<a href = "#page220">p. 220</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>balteus, -ī</b>, m. <i>belt, sword belt</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>barbarus, -ī</b>, m. <i>barbarian, savage</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bellum, -ī</b>, n. <i>war</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>bellum īnferre</b>, with dat. <i>make war upon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bene</b>, adv. [for <b>bonē</b>, from <b>bonus</b>], compared +<b>melius, optimē</b>, <i>well</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>benignē</b>, adv. [<b>benignus</b>, <i>kind</i>], compared +<b>benignius, benignissimē</b>, <i>kindly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>benignus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>good-natured, kind</i>, often used +with dat.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bīnī, -ae, -a</b>, distributive numeral adj. <i>two each, two at a +time</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec334">§ 334</a>)</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bis</b>, adv. <i>twice</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bonus, -a, -um</b>, adj. compared <b>melior, optimus</b>, <i>good, +kind</i> (<a href = "#sec469">§ 469. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bōs, bovis</b> (gen. plur. <b>boum</b> or <b>bovum</b>, dat. and abl. +plur. <b>bōbus</b> or <b>būbus</b>), m. and f. <i>ox, cow</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bracchium, bracchī</b>, n. <i>arm</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>brevis, -e</b>, adj. <i>short</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Brundisium, -ī</b>, n. <i>Brundisium</i>, a seaport in southern +Italy. See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bulla, -ae</b>, f. <i>bulla</i>, a locket made of small concave +plates of gold fastened by a spring (<a href = "#page212">p. +212</a>)</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_C">C</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>C.</b> abbreviation for <b>Gāius</b>, Eng. <i>Caius</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cadō, -ere, ce´cidī, cāsūrus</b>, <i>fall</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>caedēs, -is</b>, f. [<b>caedō</b>, <i>cut</i>], (<i>a cutting +down</i>), <i>slaughter, carnage</i> (<a href = +"#sec465">§ 465. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>caelum, -ī</b>, n. <i>sky, heavens</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Caesar, -aris</b>, m. <i>Cæsar</i>, the famous general, statesman, +and writer</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>calamitās, -ātis</b>, f. <i>loss, calamity, defeat, +disaster</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>calcar, -āris</b>, n. <i>spur</i> (<a href = +"#sec465">§ 465. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Campānia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Campania</i>., a district of central Italy. +See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Campānus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>of Campania</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>campus, -ī</b>, m. <i>plain, field</i>, esp. the <i>Campus +Martius</i>, along the Tiber just outside the walls of Rome</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>canis, -is</b>, m. and f. <i>dog</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>canō, -ere, ce´cinī</b>, ——, <i>sing</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cantō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus</b> [<b>canō</b>, <i>sing</i>], +<i>sing</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Capēnus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>of Capena</i>, esp. the <i>Porta +Cape´na</i>, the gate at Rome leading to the Appian Way</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus</b>, <i>take, seize, capture</i> (<a href = +"#sec492">§ 492</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Capitōlīnus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>belonging to the Capitol, +Capitoline</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Capitōlium, Capitō´lī</b>, n. [<b>caput</b>, <i>head</i>], <i>the +Capitol</i>, the hill at Rome on which stood the temple of Jupiter +Capitolinus and the citadel</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>capsa, -ae</b>, f. <i>box</i> for books</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>captīvus, -ī</b>, m. [<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], +<i>captive</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Capua, -ae</b>, f. <i>Capua</i>, a large city of Campania. See +map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>caput, -itis</b>, n. <i>head</i> (<a href = "#sec464">§ 464. +2. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>carcer, -eris</b>, m. <i>prison, jail</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>carrus, -ī</b>, m. <i>cart, wagon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cārus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>dear; precious</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>casa, -ae</b>, f. <i>hut, cottage</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">303</span> +<a name = "page303"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>castellum, -ī</b>, n. [dim. of <b>castrum</b>, <i>fort</i>], +<i>redoubt, fort</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>castrum, -ī</b>, n. <i>fort</i>. Usually in the plural, <b>castra, +-ōrum</b>, a military <i>camp</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>castra pōnere</b>, <i>to pitch camp</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cāsus, -us</b>, m. [<b>cadō</b>, <i>fall</i>], <i>chance; misfortune, +loss</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>catapulta, -ae</b>, f. <i>catapult</i>, an engine for hurling +stones</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>catēna, -ae</b>, f. <i>chain</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>caupōna, -ae</b>, f. <i>inn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>causa, -ae</b>, f. <i>cause, reason</i>, <b>quā dē causā</b>, <i>for +this reason</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessūrus</b>, <i>give way, retire</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>celer, -eris, -ere</b>, adj. <i>swift, fleet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>celeritās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>celer</b>, <i>swift</i>], <i>swiftness, +speed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>celeriter</b>, adv. [<b>celer</b>, <i>swift</i>], compared +<b>celerius, celerrimē</b>, <i>swiftly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cēna, -ae</b>, f. <i>dinner</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>centum</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>hundred</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>centuriō, -ōnis</b>, m. <i>centurion, captain</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cēpheus</b> (dissyl.), <b>-eī</b> (acc. <b>Cēphea</b>), m. +<i>Cepheus</i>, a king of Ethiopia and father of Andromeda</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cerberus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Cerberus</i>, the fabled three-headed dog +that guarded the entrance to Hades</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>certāmen, -inis</b>, n. [<b>certō</b>, <i>struggle</i>], <i>struggle, +contest, rivalry</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>certē</b>, adv. [<b>certus</b>, <i>sure</i>], compared <b>certius, +certissimē</b>, <i>surely, certainly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>certus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>fixed, certain, sure</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>aliquem certiōrem facere</b> (<i>to make some one more certain</i>), +<i>to inform some one</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cervus, -ī</b>, m. <i>stag, deer</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>delay, cease</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cibāria, -ōrum</b>, n. plur. <i>food, provisions</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cibus, -ī</b>, m. <i>food, victuals</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cimbrī, -ōrum</b>, m. plur. <i>the Cimbri</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cimbricus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Cimbrian</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cīnctus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>cingō</b>, <i>surround</i>], +<i>girt, surrounded</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cingō, -ere, cīnxī, cīnctus</b>, <i>gird, surround</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>circiter</b>, adv. <i>about</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>circum</b>, prep, with acc. <i>around</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>circum´-dō, -dare, -dedī, -datus</b>, <i>place around, surround, +inclose</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>circum´-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus</b>, <i>go around</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>circum-sistō, -ere, circum´stetī</b>, ——, <i>stand +around, surround</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>circum-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus</b> (<i>come around</i>), +<i>surround</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>citerior, -ius</b>, adj. in comp., superl. <b>citimus</b>, <i>hither, +nearer</i> (<a href = "#sec475">§ 475</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cīvīlis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>cīvis</b>], <i>civil</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cīvis, -is</b>, m. and f. <i>citizen</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cīvitās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>cīvis</b>, <i>citizen</i>], (<i>body of +citizens</i>), <i>state; citizenship</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>clāmor, -ōris</b>, m. <i>shout, cry</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>clārus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>clear; famous, renowned; bright, +shining</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>classis, -is</b>, f. <i>fleet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>claudō, -ere, -sī, -sus</b>, <i>shut, close</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>clavus, -ī</b>, m. <i>stripe</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cliēns, -entis</b>, m. <i>dependent, retainer, client</i> (<a href = +"#sec465">§ 465. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cocles, -itis</b>, m. (<i>blind in one eye</i>), <i>Cocles</i>, the +surname of Horatius</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>co-gnōscō, -ere, -gnōvī, -gnītus</b>, <i>learn, know, understand</i>. +Cf. <b>sciō</b> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus</b> [<b>co(m)-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>agō</b>, <i>drive</i>], (<i>drive together</i>), <i>collect; compel, +drive</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cohors, cohortis</b>, f. <i>cohort</i>, the tenth part of a legion, +about 360 men</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>collis, -is</b>, m. <i>hill</i>, <b>in summō colle</b>, <i>on top of +the hill</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. +2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>collum, -ī</b>, n. <i>neck</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">304</span> +<a name = "page304"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>colō, -ere, coluī, cultus</b>, <i>cultivate, till; honor, worship; +devote one’s self to</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>columna, -ae</b>, f. <i>column, pillar</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com- (col-, con-, cor-, co-)</b>, a prefix, <i>together, with</i>, or +intensifying the meaning of the root word</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>coma, -ae</b>, f. <i>hair</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>comes, -itis</b>, m. and f. [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>eō</b>, <i>go</i>], <i>companion, comrade</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>comitātus, -ūs</b>, m. [<b>comitor</b>, <i>accompany</i>], <i>escort, +company</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>comitor, -ārī, -ātus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>comes</b>, +<i>companion</i>], <i>accompany</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com-meātus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>supplies</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com-minus</b>, adv. [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + <b>manus</b>, +<i>hand</i>], <i>hand to hand</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus</b>, <i>join together; commit, +intrust</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>proelium committere</b>, <i>join battle</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>sē committere</b> with dat, <i>trust one’s self to</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>commodē</b>, adv. [<b>commodus</b>, <i>fit</i>], compared +<b>commodius, commodissimē</b>, <i>conveniently, fitly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>commodus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>suitable, fit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com-mōtus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>commoveō</b>, <i>move</i>], +<i>aroused, moved</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com-parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>parō</b>, <i>prepare</i>], <i>prepare; provide, get</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com-pleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>pleō</b>, <i>fill</i>], <i>fill up</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>complexus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>embrace</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>com-primō, -ere, -pressī, -pressus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, ++ <b>premō</b>, <i>press</i>], <i>press together, grasp, seize</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-cidō, -ere, -cidī</b>, —— [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>cadō</b>, <i>fall</i>], <i>fall down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>concilium, conci´lī</b>, n. <i>meeting, council</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-clūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>claudō</b>, <i>close</i>], <i>shut up, close; end, finish</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-currō, -ere, -currī, -cursus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>currō</b>, <i>run</i>], <i>run together; rally, gather</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>condiciō, -ōnis</b>, f. [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + <b>dicō</b>, +<i>talk</i>], <i>agreement, condition, terms</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>pardon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b>, <i>hire</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus</b>, <i>bring together</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>sē cōnferre</b>, <i>betake one’s self</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-fertus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>crowded, thick</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōnfestim</b>, adv. <i>immediately</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>completely</i>, ++ <b>faciō</b>, <i>do</i>], <i>make, complete, accomplish, +finish</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-fīrmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>make firm, establish, +strengthen, affirm, assert</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-fluō, -ere, -flūxī</b>, ——, <i>flow +together</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-fugiō, -ere, -fūgī, -fugitūrus</b>, <i>flee for refuge, +flee</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>iaciō</b>, <i>throw</i>], <i>hurl</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-iungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, ++ <b>iungō</b>, <i>join</i>], <i>join together, unite</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>iūrō</b>, <i>swear</i>], <i>unite by oath, conspire</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>locō</b>, <i>place</i>], <i>arrange, place, station</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>conloquium, conlo´quī</b>, n. [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>loquor</b>, <i>speak</i>], <i>conversation, conference</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōnor, -ārī, -ātus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>endeavor, attempt, +try</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-scendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>scandō</b>, <i>climb</i>], <i>climb up, ascend</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nāvem cōnscendere</b>, <i>embark, go on board</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">305</span> +<a name = "page305"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus</b> [<b>com-</b>, +<i>together</i>, + <b>scrībō</b>, <i>write</i>], (<i>write +together</i>), <i>enroll, enlist</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-secrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>sacrō</b>, <i>consecrate</i>], <i>consecrate, devote</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-sequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>com-</b>, +intensive, + <b>sequor</b>, <i>follow</i>], <i>pursue; overtake; +win</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>servō</b>, <i>save</i>], <i>preserve, save</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōnsilium, cōnsi´lī</b>, n. <i>plan, purpose, design; +wisdom</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-sistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>sistō</b>, <i>cause to stand</i>], <i>stand firmly, halt, take one’s +stand</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-spiciō, -ere, -spēxī, -spectus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>spiciō</b>, <i>spy</i>], <i>look at attentively, perceive, +see</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōnstantia, -ae</b>, f. <i>firmness, steadiness, +perseverance</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-stituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>statuō</b>, <i>set</i>], <i>establish, determine, resolve</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-stō, -āre, -stitī, -stātūrus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>stō</b>, <i>stand</i>], <i>agree; be certain ; consist of</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōnsul, -ulis</b>, m. <i>consul</i> (<a href = "#sec464">§ 464. +2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōn-sūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>sumō</b>, <i>take</i>], <i>consume, use up</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-tendō, -ere, -dī, -tus</b>, <i>strain; hasten; fight, contend, +struggle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-tineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>teneō</b>, <i>hold</i>], <i>hold together, hem in, contain; +restrain</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>contrā</b>, prep, with acc. <i>against, contrary to</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-trahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, ++ <b>trahō</b>, <i>draw</i>], <i>draw together;</i> of sails, +<i>shorten, furl</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>contrōversia, -ae</b>, f. <i>dispute, quarrel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>veniō</b>, <i>come</i>], <i>come together, meet, assemble</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-vertō, -ere, -vertī, -versus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>vertō</b>, <i>turn</i>], <i>turn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>con-vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>com-</b>, <i>together</i>, + +<b>vocō</b>, <i>call</i>], <i>call together</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>co-orior, -īrī, -ortus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>orior</b>, <i>rise</i>], <i>rise, break forth</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cōpia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + <b>ops</b>, +<i>wealth</i>], <i>abundance, wealth, plenty</i>. Plur. <b>cōpiae, +-ārum</b>, <i>troops</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>coquō, -ere, coxī, coctus</b>, <i>cook</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Corinthus, -ī</b>, f. <i>Corinth</i>, the famous city on the Isthmus +of Corinth</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cornēlia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Cornelia</i>, daughter of Scipio and mother +of the Gracchi</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cornēlius, Cornē´lī</b>, m. <i>Cornelius</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cornū, -ūs</b>, n. <i>horn; wing</i> of an army, <b>ā dextrō +cornū</b>, <i>on the right wing</i> (<a href = +"#sec466">§ 466</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>corōna, -ae</b>, f. <i>garland, wreath; crown</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>corōnātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>crowned</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>corpus, -oris</b>, n. <i>body</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cor-ripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptus</b> [<b>com-</b>, intensive, + +<b>rapiō</b>, <i>seize</i>], <i>seize, grasp</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cotīdiānus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>daily</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cotīdiē</b>, adv. <i>daily</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>crēber, -bra, -brum</b>, adj. <i>thick, crowded, numerous, +frequent</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>crēdō, -ere, -dīdī, -ditus</b>, <i>trust, believe</i>, with dat. (<a +href = "#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cremō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>burn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>make; elect, appoint</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Creōn, -ontis</b>, m. <i>Creon</i>, a king of Corinth</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētus</b>, <i>rise, grow, increase</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">306</span> +<a name = "page306"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Crēta, -ae</b>, f. <i>Crete</i>, a large island in the +Mediterranean</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Crētaeus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Cretan</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>crūs, crūris</b>, n. <i>leg</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>crūstulum, -ī</b>, n. <i>pastry, cake</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cubīle, -is</b>, n. <i>bed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cultūra, -ae</b>, f. <i>culture, cultivation</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cum</b>, conj. with the indic. or subjv. <i>when; since; although</i> +(<a href = "#sec501_46">§ 501.46</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cum</b>, prep, with abl. <i>with</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec209">§ 209</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cupidē</b>, adv. [<b>cupidus</b>, <i>desirous</i>], compared +<b>cupidius, cupidissimē</b>, <i>eagerly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cupiditās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>cupidus</b>, <i>desirous</i>], +<i>desire, longing</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cupiō, -ere, -īvī</b> or <b>-iī, -ītus</b>, <i>desire, wish</i>. Cf. +<b>volō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cūr</b>, adv. <i>why, wherefore</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cūra, -ae</b>, f. <i>care, pains; anxiety</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cūria, -ae</b>, f. <i>senate house</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>cūra</b>, <i>care</i>], <i>care for, +attend to, look after</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursus</b>, <i>run</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>currus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>chariot</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cursus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>course</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</b> [<b>custōs</b>, <i>guard</i>], +<i>guard, watch</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_D">D</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Daedalus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Dæd´alus</i>, the supposed inventor of the +first flying machine</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Dāvus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Davus</i>, name of a slave</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē</b>, prep, with abl. <i>down from, from; concerning, about, +for</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec209">§ 209</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>quā dē causā</b>, <i>for this reason, wherefore</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dea, -ae</b>, f. <i>goddess</i> (<a href = +"#sec461">§ 461. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>from</i>, + <b>habeō</b>, +<i>hold</i>], <i>owe, ought, should</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>decem</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>ten</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-cernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>from</i>, + +<b>cernō</b>, <i>separate</i>], <i>decide, decree</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-cidō, -ere, -cidī</b>, —— [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>cadō</b>, <i>fall</i>], <i>fall down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>decimus, -a, -um</b>, numeral adj. <i>tenth</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēclīvis, -e</b>, adj. <i>sloping downward</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus</b>, <i>give up, surrender</i>, <b>sē +dēdere</b>, <i>surrender one’s self</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>dūcō</b>, <i>lead</i>], <i>lead down, escort</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-fendō, -ere, -dī, -fēnsus</b>, <i>ward off, repel, +defend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>ferō</b>, <i>bring</i>], <i>bring down; report, announce</i> (<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-fessus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>tired out, weary</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>from</i>, + +<b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i>], <i>fail, be wanting; revolt from</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-fīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>fīgō</b>, <i>fasten</i>], <i>fasten, fix</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>iaciō</b>, <i>hurl</i>], <i>hurl down; bring down, kill</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>de-inde</b>, adv. <i>(from thence), then, in the next place</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>delight</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētus</b>, <i>blot out, destroy</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēlīberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>weigh, deliberate, +ponder</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-ligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>from</i>, + +<b>legō</b>, <i>gather</i>], <i>choose, select</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Delphicus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Delphic</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēmissus, -a, -um</b> [part. of <b>dēmittō</b>, <i>send down</i>], +<i>downcast, humble</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>mōnstrō</b>, <i>point</i>], <i>point out, show</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēmum</b>, adv. <i>at last, not till then</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>tum dēmum</b>, <i>then at last</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēnique</b>, adv. <i>at last, finally</i>. Cf. <b>postrēmō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēns, dentis</b>, m. <i>tooth</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēnsus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>dense, thick</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">307</span> +<a name = "page307"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-pendeō, -ēre</b>, ——, —— [<b>dē</b>, +<i>down</i>, + <b>pendeō</b>, <i>hang</i>], <i>hang from, hang +down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-plōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>dē</b>, intensive, + +<b>plōrō</b>, <i>wail</i>], <i>bewail, deplore</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>pōnō</b>, <i>put</i>], <i>put down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-scendō, -ere, -dī, -scēnsus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>scandō</b>, <i>climb</i>], <i>climb down, descend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>scrībō</b>, <i>write</i>], <i>write down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>long for</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-siliō, -īre, -uī, -sultus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>saliō</b>, <i>leap</i>], <i>leap down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>away</i> <i>from</i>, ++ <b>spērō</b>, <i>hope</i>], <i>despair</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-spiciō, -ere, -spēxi, -spectus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>], +<i>look down upon, despise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>away from</i>, + +<b>sum</b>, <i>be</i>], <i>be wanting, lack</i>, with dat. (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>deus, -ī</b>, m. <i>god</i> (<a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-volvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>volvō</b>, <i>roll</i>], <i>roll down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dē-vorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>dē</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>vorō</b>, <i>swallow</i>], <i>devour</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dexter, -tra, -trum</b> (<b>-tera, -terum</b>), adj. <i>to the right, +right</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>ā dextrō cornū</b>, <i>on the right wing</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Diāna, -ae</b>, f. <i>Diana</i>, goddess of the moon and twin sister +of Apollo</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictus</b> (imv. <b>dīc</b>), <i>say, speak, +tell</i>. Usually introduces indirect discourse (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dictātor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>dictō</b>, <i>dictate</i>], +<i>dictator</i>, a chief magistrate with unlimited power</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>diēs, -ēi</b> or <b>diē</b>, m., sometimes f. in sing., <i>day</i> +(<a href = "#sec467">§ 467</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dif-ferō, -ferre, distulī, dīlātus</b> [<b>dis-</b>, <i>apart</i>, + +<b>ferō</b>, <i>carry</i>], <i>carry apart;</i> <i>differ</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>differre inter sē</b>, <i>differ from each other</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dif-ficilis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>dis-</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>facilis</b>, +<i>easy</i>], <i>hard, difficult</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec307">§ 307</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>difficultās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>difficilis</b>, <i>hard</i>], +<i>difficulty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dīligenter</b>, adv. [<b>dīligēns</b>, <i>careful</i>], compared +<b>dīligentius, dīligentissimē</b>, <i>industriously, +diligently</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dīligentia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>dīligēns</b>, <i>careful</i>], +<i>industry, diligence</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dī-micō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>fight, struggle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dī-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus</b> [<b>dī-</b>, <i>off</i>, + +<b>mittō</b>, <i>send</i>], <i>send away, dismiss, disband</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>dīmittere animum in</b>, <i>direct one’s mind to, apply one’s self +to</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Diomēdēs, -is</b>, m. <i>Dī-o-mē´dēs</i>, a name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dis-, dī-</b>, a prefix expressing separation, <i>off, apart, in +different directions</i>. Often negatives the meaning</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dis-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus</b> [<b>dis-</b>, <i>apart</i>, + +<b>cēdō</b>, <i>go</i>], <i>depart from, leave, withdraw, go +away</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dis-cernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētus</b> [<b>dis-</b>, <i>apart</i>, + +<b>cernō</b>, <i>sift</i>], <i>separate; distinguish</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>disciplīna, -ae</b>, f. <i>instruction, training, +discipline</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>discipulus, -ī</b>, m. [<b>discō</b>, <i>learn</i>], <i>pupil, +disciple</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>discō, -ere, didicī</b>, ——, <i>learn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dis-cutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus</b> [<b>dis-</b>, <i>apart</i>, + +<b>quatiō</b>, <i>shake</i>], <i>shatter, dash to pieces</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dis-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus</b> [<b>dis-</b>, <i>apart</i>, + +<b>pōnō</b>, <i>put</i>], <i>put here and there, arrange, +station</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dis-similis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>dis-</b>, <i>apart</i>, + +<b>similis</b>, <i>like</i>], <i>unlike, dissimilar</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec307">§ 307</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dis-tribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus</b>, <i>divide, distribute</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">308</span> +<a name = "page308"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>diū</b>, adv., compared <b>diūtius, diūtissimē</b>, <i>for a long +time, long</i> (<a href = "#sec477">§ 477</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dō, dare, dedī, datus</b>, <i>give</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in fugam dare</b>, <i>put to flight</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>alicui negōtium dare</b>, <i>employ some one</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>doceō, -ēre, -uī, -tus</b>, <i>teach, show</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>doctrīna, -ae</b>, f. [<b>doctor</b>, <i>teacher</i>], <i>teaching, +learning, wisdom</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dolor, -ōris</b>, m. <i>pain, sorrow</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>domesticus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>domus</b>, <i>house</i>], <i>of the +house, domestic</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>domicilium, domici´lī</b>, n. <i>dwelling; house, abode</i>. Cf. +<b>domus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>domina, -ae</b>, f. <i>mistress</i> (of the house), <i>lady</i> (<a +href = "#sec461">§ 461</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dominus, -ī</b>, m. <i>master</i> (of the house), <i>owner, ruler</i> +(<a href = "#sec462">§ 462</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>domus, -ūs</b>, f. <i>house, home</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>domī</b>, locative, <i>at home</i> (<a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dormiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</b>, <i>sleep</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dracō, -ōnis</b>, m. <i>serpent, dragon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>hesitate</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dubius, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>duo</b>, <i>two</i>], (<i>moving two +ways</i>), <i>doubtful, dubious</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>du-centī, -ae, -a</b>, numeral adj. <i>two hundred</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductus</b> (imv. <b>dūc</b>), <i>lead, +conduct</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dum</b>, conj. <i>while, as long as</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>duo, duae, duo</b>, numeral adj. <i>two</i> (<a href = +"#sec479">§ 479</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>duo-decim</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>twelve</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dūrus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>hard, tough; harsh, pitiless, +bitter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dux, ducis</b>, m. and f. [cf. <b>dūcō</b>, <i>lead</i>], <i>leader, +commander</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_E">E</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē</b> or <b>ex</b>, prep, with abl. <i>out of, from, off, of</i> (<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec209">§ 209</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eburneus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>of ivory</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ecce</b>, adv. <i>see! behold! there! here!</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b> [<b>ē</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>dūcō</b>, <i>lead</i>], <i>lead out, draw out</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ef-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>thoroughly</i>, + +<b>faciō</b>, <i>do</i>], <i>work out; make, cause</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ef-fugiō, -ere, -fūgī, -fugitūrus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>from</i>, + +<b>fugiō</b>, <i>flee</i>], <i>escape</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>egeō, -ēre, -uī</b>, ——, <i>be in need of, lack</i>, with +abl. (<a href = "#sec501_32">§ 501.32</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ego</b>, pers. pron. <i>I</i>; plur. <b>nōs</b>, <i>we</i> (<a href = +"#sec480">§ 480</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē-gredior, -ī, ēgressus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>ē</b>, <i>out of</i>, ++ <b>gradior</b>, <i>go</i>], <i>go out, go forth</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>ē nāvī ēgredī</b>, <i>disembark</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus</b> [<b>ē</b>, <i>forth</i>, + +<b>iaciō</b>, <i>hurl</i>], <i>hurl forth, expel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>elementum, -ī</b>, n., in plur. <i>first principles, +rudiments</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>elephantus, -ī</b>, m. <i>elephant</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Ēlis, Ēlidis</b>, f. <i>E´lis</i>, a district of southern +Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptus</b>, <i>buy, purchase</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>enim</b>, conj., never standing first, <i>for, in fact, indeed.</i> +Cf. <b>nam</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Ennius, Ennī</b>, m. <i>Ennius</i>, the father of Roman poetry, born +239 B.C.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eō, īre, iī</b> (<b>īvī</b>), <b>itūrus</b>, <i>go</i> (<a href = +"#sec499">§ 499</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eō</b>, adv. <i>to that place, thither</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Ēpīrus, -ī</b>, f. <i>Epi´rus</i>, a district in the north of +Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eques, -itis</b>, m. [<b>equus</b>, <i>horse</i>], <i>horseman, +cavalryman</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>equitātus, -ūs</b>, m. [<b>equitō</b>, <i>ride</i>], +<i>cavalry</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>equus, -ī</b>, m. <i>horse</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē-rigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus</b> [<b>ē</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>regō</b>, <i>make straight</i>], <i>raise up</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē-ripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptus</b> [<b>ē</b>, <i>out of</i>, + +<b>rapiō</b>, <i>seize</i>], <i>seize, rescue</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē-rumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptus</b> [<b>ē</b>, <i>forth</i>, + +<b>rumpō</b>, <i>break</i>], <i>burst forth</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ēruptiō, -ōnis</b>, f. <i>sally</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">309</span> +<a name = "page309"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Erymanthius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Erymanthian, of Erymanthus</i>, a +district in southern Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>et</b>, conj. <i>and, also</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>et ... et</b>, <i>both ... and</i>. Cf. <b>atque, ac, -que</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>etiam</b>, adv. (rarely conj.) [<b>et</b>, <i>also</i>, + <b>iam</b>, +<i>now</i>], <i>yet, still; also, besides</i>. Cf. <b>quoque</b>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nōn sōlum ... sed etiam</b>, <i>not only ... but also</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Etrūscī, -ōrum</b>, m. <i>the Etruscans</i>, the people of Etruria. +See map of Italy</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Eurōpa, -ae</b>, f. <i>Europe</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Eurystheus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Eurys´theus</i>, a king of Tiryns, a city +in southern Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ē-vādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus</b> [<b>ē</b>, <i>out</i>, + <b>vādō</b>, +<i>go</i>], <i>go forth, escape</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex</b>, see <b>ē</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>exanimātus, -a, -um</b> [part. of <b>exanimō</b>, <i>put out of +breath</i> (<b>anima</b>)], adj. <i>out of breath, tired; +lifeless</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], <i>welcome, receive</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>exemplum, -ī</b>, n. <i>example, model</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-eō,-īre,-iī,-itūrus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + <b>eō</b>, +<i>go</i>], <i>go out, go forth</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec413">§ 413</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-erceō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>arceō</b>, <i>shut</i>], <i>(shut out), employ, train, exercise, +use</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>exercitus, -us</b>, m. [<b>exerceō</b>, <i>train</i>], +<i>army</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-īstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>aestimō</b>, <i>reckon</i>], <i>estimate; think, judge</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>c</i></a>). Cf. +<b>arbitror, putō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-orior, -īrī, -ortus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>ex</b>, <i>forth</i>, + +<b>orior</b>, <i>rise</i>], <i>come forth, rise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>expedītus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>without baggage</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>pellō</b>, <i>drive</i>], <i>drive out</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-piō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>ex</b>, intensive, + <b>pīo</b>, +<i>atone for</i>], <i>make amends for, atone for</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>explōrātor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>explōrō</b>, <i>investigate</i>], +<i>spy, scout</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>explōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>examine, explore</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>pugnō</b>, <i>fight</i>], <i>take by storm, capture</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>exsilium, exsi´lī</b>, n. [<b>exsul</b>, <i>exile</i>], +<i>banishment, exile</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>spectō</b>, <i>look</i>], <i>expect, wait</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-struō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>struō</b>, <i>build</i>], <i>build up, erect</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>exterus, -a, -um</b>, adj., compared <b>exterior, extrēmus</b> or +<b>extimus</b>, <i>outside, outer</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec312">§ 312</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>extrā</b>, prep, with acc. <i>beyond, outside of</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ex-trahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus</b> [<b>ex</b>, <i>out</i>, + +<b>trahō</b>, <i>drag</i>], <i>drag out, pull forth</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>extrēmus, -a, -um</b>, adj., superl. of <b>exterus</b>, <i>utmost, +farthest</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec312">§ 312</a>)</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_F">F</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fābula, -ae</b>, f. <i>story, tale, fable</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>facile</b>, adv. [<b>facilis</b>, <i>easy</i>], compared <b>facilius, +facillimē</b>, <i>easily</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec322">§ 322</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>facilis, -e</b>, adj. [cf. <b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i>], <i>easy, +without difficulty</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec307">§ 307</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus</b> (imv. <b>fac</b>), <i>make, do; cause, +bring about</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>impetum facere in</b>, <i>make an attack upon</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>proelium facere</b>, <i>fight a battle</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>iter facere</b>, <i>make a march</i> or <i>journey</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>aliquem certiōrem facere</b>, <i>inform some one</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>facere verba prō</b>, <i>speak in behalf of</i>.</div> +<div class = "index word"> +Passive <b>fīō, fierī, factus sum</b>, <i>be done, happen</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>certior fierī</b>, <i>be informed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fallō, -ere, fefellī, falsus</b>, <i>trip, betray, deceive</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fāma, -ae</b>, f. <i>report, rumor; renown, fame, +reputation</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">310</span> +<a name = "page310"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>famēs, -is</b> (abl. <b>famē</b>), f. <i>hunger</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>familia, -ae</b>, f. <i>servants, slaves; household, family</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fascēs, -ium</b> (plur. of <b>fascis</b>), f. <i>fasces</i> (<a href += "#page225">p. 225</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fastīgium, fastī´gī</b>, n. <i>top; slope, descent</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fātum, -ī</b>, n. <i>fate, destiny</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>faucēs, -ium</b>, f. plur. <i>jaws, throat</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautūrus</b>, <i>be favorable to, favor</i>, with +dat. (<a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fēlīx, -īcis</b>, adj. <i>happy, lucky</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fēmina, -ae</b>, f. woman. Cf. <b>mulier</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fera, -ae</b>, f. [<b>ferus</b>, <i>wild</i>], <i>wild +beast</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ferāx, -ācis</b>, adj. <i>fertile</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ferē</b>, adv. <i>about, nearly, almost</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus</b>, <i>bear</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>graviter</b> or <b>molestē ferre</b>, <i>be annoyed</i> (<a href = +"#sec498">§ 498</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ferreus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>ferrum</b>, <i>iron</i>], <i>made of +iron</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fidēlis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>fidēs</b>, <i>trust</i>], <i>faithful, +true</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fidēs, fideī</b> <i>or</i> <b>fidē</b>, <i>trust, faith; promise, +word; protection</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in fidem venīre</b>, <i>come under the protection</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in fidē manēre</b>, <i>remain loyal</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fīlia, -ae</b> (dat. and abl. plur. <b>fīliābus</b>), f. +<i>daughter</i> (<a href = +"#sec461">§ 461. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fīlius, fīlī</b> (voc. sing, <b>fīlī</b>), m. <i>son</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fīnis, -is</b>, m. <i>boundary, limit, end;</i> in plur. +<i>territory, country</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fīnitimus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>fīnis</b>, <i>boundary</i>], +<i>adjoining, neighboring</i>. Plur. <b>fīnitimī, -ōrum</b>, m. +<i>neighbors</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fīō, fierī, factus sum</b>, used as passive of <b>faciō</b>. See +<b>faciō</b> (<a href = "#sec500">§ 500</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>flamma, -ae</b>, f. <i>fire, flame</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>flōs, flōris</b>, m. <i>flower</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fluctus, -ūs</b>, m. [of. <b>fluō</b>, <i>flow</i>], <i>flood, wave, +billow</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>flūmen, -inis</b>, n. [cf. <b>fluō</b>, <i>flow</i>], <i>river</i> +(<a href = "#sec464">§ 464. 2. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fluō, -ere, flūxī, fluxus</b>, <i>flow</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fluvius, fluvī</b>, m. [cf. <b>fluō</b>, <i>flow</i>], +<i>river</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fodiō, -ere, fōdī, fossus</b>, <i>dig</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fōns, fontis</b>, m. <i>fountain</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fōrma, -ae</b>, f. <i>form, shape, appearance; beauty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Formiae, -ārum</b>, f. <i>Formiae</i>, a town of Latium on the Appian +Way. See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>forte</b>, adv. [abl. of <b>fors</b>, <i>chance</i>], <i>by +chance</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fortis, -e</b>, adj. <i>strong; fearless, brave</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fortiter</b>, adv. [<b>fortis</b>, <i>strong</i>], compared +<b>fortius, fortissimē</b>, <i>strongly; bravely</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fortūna, -ae</b>, f. [<b>fors</b>, <i>chance</i>], <i>chance, fate, +fortune</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>forum, -ī</b>, n. <i>market place</i>, esp. the <b>Forum Rōmānum</b>, +where the life of Rome centered</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Forum Appī</b>, <i>Forum of Appius</i>, a town in Latium on the +Appian Way</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fossa, -ae</b>, f. [cf. <b>fodiō</b>, <i>dig</i>], <i>ditch</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fragor, -ōris</b>, m. [cf. <b>frangō</b>, <i>break</i>], <i>crash, +noise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctus</b>, <i>break</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frāter, -tris</b>, m. <i>brother</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fremitus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>loud noise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frequentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>attend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frētus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>supported, trusting</i>. Usually with +abl. of means</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frōns, frontis</b>, f. <i>front</i>, <b>ā fronte</b>, <i>in +front</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frūctus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>fruit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frūmentārius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>pertaining to grain</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs frūmentāria</b>, <i>grain supplies</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frūmentum, -ī</b>, n. <i>grain</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frūstrā</b>, adv. <i>in vain, vainly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fuga, -ae</b>, f. [cf. <b>fugiō</b>, <i>flee</i>], +<i>flight</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in fugam dare</b>, <i>put to flight</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">311</span> +<a name = "page311"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitūrus</b>, <i>flee, run; avoid, shun</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fūmō, -are, ——</b>, ——, <i>smoke</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fūnis, -is</b>, m. <i>rope</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>furor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>furō</b>, <i>rage</i>], +<i>madness</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in furōrem incīdere</b>, <i>go mad</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_G">G</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Gāius, Gāī</b>, m. <i>Gaius</i>, a Roman name, abbreviated <b>C.</b>, +English form <i>Caius</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Galba, -ae</b>, m. <i>Galba</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>galea, -ae</b>, f. <i>helmet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Gallia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Gaul</i>, the country comprising what is now +Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and France</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Gallicus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Gallic</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gallīna, -ae</b>, f. <i>hen, chicken</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Gallus, -ī</b>, m. <i>a Gaul</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gaudium, gaudī</b>, n. <i>joy</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Genāva, -ae</b>, f. <i>Geneva</i>, a city in Switzerland</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gēns, gentis</b>, f. [cf. <b>gignō</b>, <i>beget</i>], <i>race, +family; people, nation, tribe</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>genus, -eris</b>, n. <i>kind, variety</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Germānia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Germany</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Germānus, -ī</b>, m. <i>a German</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus</b>, <i>carry, wear; wage</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>bellum gerere</b>, <i>wage war</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs gestae</b>, <i>exploits</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>bene gerere</b>, <i>carry on successfully</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gladiātōrius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>gladiatorial</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gladius, gladī</b>, m. <i>sword</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>glōria, -ae</b>, f. <i>glory, fame</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Gracchus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Gracchus</i>, name of a famous Roman +family</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gracilis, -e</b>, adj. <i>slender</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec307">§ 307</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Graeca, -ōrum</b>, n. plur. <i>Greek writings, Greek +literature</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Graecē</b>, adv. <i>in Greek</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Graecia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Greece</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>grammaticus, -ī</b>, m. <i>grammarian</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>grātia, -ae</b>, f. <i>thanks, gratitude</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>grātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>acceptable, pleasing</i>. Often with +dat. (<a href = "#sec501_16">§ 501.16</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gravis, -ē</b>, adj. <i>heavy; disagreeable; serious, dangerous; +earnest, weighty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>graviter</b>, adv. [<b>gravis</b>, <i>heavy</i>], compared +<b>gravius, gravissimē</b>, <i>heavily; greatly, seriously</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>graviter ferre</b>, <i>bear ill, take to heart</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gubernātor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>gubernō</b>, <i>pilot</i>], +<i>pilot</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_H">H</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>habēna, -ae</b>, f. <i>halter, rein</i>.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b>, <i>have, hold; regard, consider, +deem</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [cf. <b>habeō</b>, <i>have</i>], +<i>dwell, abide, inhabit</i>. Cf. <b>incolō, vīvō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hāc-tenus</b>, adv. <i>thus far</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Helvētiī, -ōrum</b>, m. <i>the Helvetii</i>, a Gallic tribe</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Herculēs, -is</b>, m. <i>Hercules</i>, son of Jupiter and Alcmena, +and god of strength</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Hesperidēs, -um</b>, f. <i>the Hesperides</i>, daughters of Hesperus, +who kept the garden of the golden apples</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hic, haec, hoc</b>, demonstrative adj. and pron. <i>this</i> (of +mine); as pers. pron. <i>he, she, it</i> (<a href = +"#sec481">§ 481</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hīc</b>, adv. <i>here</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hiems, -emis</b>, f. <i>winter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hīnc</b>, adv. [<b>hīc</b>, <i>here</i>], <i>from here, +hence</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Hippolytē, -ēs</b>, f. <i>Hippolyte</i>, queen of the Amazons</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ho-diē</b>, adv. [modified form of <b>hōc diē</b>, <i>on this +day</i>], <i>to-day</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>homō, -inis</b>, m. and f. <i>(human being), man, person</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>honestus, -a, -um</b>, adv. [<b>honor</b>, <i>honor</i>], +<i>respected, honorable</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">312</span> +<a name = "page312"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>honor, -ōris</b>, m. <i>honor</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hōra, -ae</b>, f. <i>hour</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Horātius, Horā´tī</b>, m. <i>Horatius</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>horribilis, -e</b>, adj. <i>terrible, horrible</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hortor, -āri, -ātus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>urge, incite, exhort, +encourage</i> (<a href = "#sec493">§ 493</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hortus, -ī</b>, m. <i>garden</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hospitium, hospi´tī</b>, n. [<b>hospes</b>, <i>host</i>], +<i>hospitality</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hostis, -is</b>, m. and f. <i>enemy, foe</i> (<a href = +"#sec465">§ 465. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>humilis, -e</b>, adj. <i>low, humble</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec307">§ 307</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Hydra, -ae</b>, f. <i>the Hydra</i>, a mythical water snake slain by +Hercules</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_I">I</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iaciō, -ere, iēcī, iactus</b>, <i>throw, hurl</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iam</b>, adv. <i>now, already</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nec iam</b>, <i>and no longer</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Iāniculum, -ī</b>, n. <i>the Janiculum</i>, one of the hills of +Rome</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iānua, -ae</b>, f. <i>door</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ibi</b>, adv. <i>there, in that place</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Īcarus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Ic´arus</i>, the son of Dædalus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ictus, -ūs</b>, m. [cf. <b>īcō</b>, <i>strike</i>], <i>blow</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īdem, e´adem, idem</b>, demonstrative pron. [<b>is</b> + <b>dem</b>], +<i>same</i> (<a href = "#sec481">§ 481</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>idōneus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>suitable, fit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>igitur</b>, conj., seldom the first word, <i>therefore, then</i>. Cf. +<b>itaque</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ignis, -is</b>, m. <i>fire</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§§ 243.1</a>; +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec247">247.2.<i>a</i></a>; <a href = +"#sec465">465.1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ignōtus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>(g)notus</b>, <i>known</i>], <i>unknown, strange</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ille, illa, illud</b>, demonstrative adj. and pron. <i>that</i> +(yonder); as pers. pron. <i>he, she, it</i> (<a href = +"#sec481">§ 481</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>illīc</b>, adv. [cf. <b>ille</b>], <i>yonder, there</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>im-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>against</i>, + +<b>mittō</b>, <i>send</i>], <i>send against; let in</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>immolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>upon</i>, + <b>mola</b>, +<i>meal</i>], <i>sprinkle with sacrificial meal; offer, +sacrifice</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>im-mortālis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>mortalis</b>, +<i>mortal</i>], <i>immortal</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>im-mortālitās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>immortālis</b>, <i>immortal</i>], +<i>immortality</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>im-parātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>parātus</b>, <i>prepared</i>], <i>unprepared</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>impedīmentum</b>, -ī, n. [<b>impediō</b>, <i>hinder</i>], +<i>hindrance;</i> in plur. <i>baggage</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>impedītus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>impediō</b>, +<i>hinder</i>], <i>hindered, burdened</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>im-pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>against</i>, + +<b>pellō</b>, <i>strike</i>], <i>strike against; impel, drive, +propel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>imperātor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>imperō</b>, <i>command</i>], +<i>general</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>imperium, impe´rī</b>, n. [<b>imperō</b>, <i>command</i>], +<i>command, order; realm, empire; power, authority</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>imperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>command, order</i>. Usually with +dat. and an object clause of purpose (<a href = +"#sec501_41">§ 501.41</a>). With acc. object, <i>levy, +impose</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>impetus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>attack</i>, <b>impetum facere in</b>, <i>make +an attack upon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>im-pōnō, -ere, -posui, -positus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>upon</i>, + +<b>pōnō</b>, <i>place</i>], <i>place upon; impose, assign</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in</b>, prep, with acc. <i>into, to, against, at, upon, towards;</i> +with abl. <i>in, on</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in reliquum tempus</b>, <i>for the future</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-</b>, inseparable prefix. With nouns and adjectives often with a +negative force, like English <i>un-, in-</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-cautus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>cautus</b>, <i>careful</i>], <i>off one’s guard</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">313</span> +<a name = "page313"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>incendium, incendī</b>, n. <i>flame, fire</i>. Cf. <b>ignis, +flamma</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-cendō, -ere, -dī, -cēnsus</b>, <i>set fire to, burn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-cidō, -ere, -cidī</b>, ——, [<b>in</b>, <i>in, on</i>, ++ <b>cadō</b>, <i>fall</i>], <i>fall in, fall on; happen</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in furōrem incidere</b>, <i>go mad</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-cipiō, -ere, -cēpi, -ceptus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>on</i>, + +<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], <i>begin</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-cognitus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>cognitus</b>, <i>known</i>], <i>unknown</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-colō, -ere, -uī</b>, ——, [<b>in</b>, <i>in</i>, + +<b>colō</b>, <i>dwell</i>], <i>inhabit; live</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>incolumis, -e</b>, adj. <i>sound, safe, uninjured, imharmed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-crēdibilis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>crēdibilis</b>, <i>to be believed</i>], <i>incredible</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inde</b>, <i>from that place, thence</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>induō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus</b>, <i>put on</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>indūtus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>induō</b>, <i>put on</i>], +<i>clothed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>into</i>, + <b>eō</b>, +<i>go</i>], <i>go into; enter upon, begin</i>, with acc. (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec413">§ 413</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-fāns, -fantis</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + *<b>fāns</b>, +<i>speaking</i>], <i>not speaking</i>. As a noun, m. and f. +<i>infant</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-fēlīx, -īcis</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>fēlīx</b>, +<i>happy</i>], <i>unhappy, unlucky</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īnfēnsus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>hostile</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn´-ferō, īnfer´re, in´tulī, inlā´tus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>against</i>, ++ <b>ferō</b>, <i>bear</i>], <i>bring against or upon, inflict</i>, with +acc. and dat. (<a href = "#sec501_15">§ 501.15</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>bellum īnferre</b>, with dat., <i>make war upon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īnferus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>low, below</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec312">§ 312</a>).</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-fīnītus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>fīnītus</b>, <i>bounded</i>], <i>boundless, endless</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-fīrmus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>fīrmus</b>, <i>strong</i>], <i>weak, infirm</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ingenium, inge´ni</b>, n. <i>talent, ability</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ingēns, -entis</b>, adj. <i>vast, huge, enormous, large</i>. Cf. +<b>magnus</b></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>in</i>, + +<b>gradior</b>, <i>walk</i>], <i>advance, enter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inimīcus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>amīcus</b>, +<i>friendly</i>], <i>hostile</i>. As a noun, <b>inimīcus, -ī</b>, m. +<i>enemy, foe</i>. Cf. <b>hostis</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>initium, ini´tī</b>, <i>entrance, beginning</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>initus, -a, -um</b>, part. of <b>ineō</b>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>initā aestāte</b>, <i>at the beginning of summer</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iniūria, -ae</b>, f. [<b>in</b>, <i>against</i>, + <b>iūs</b>, +<i>law</i>], <i>injustice, wrong, injury</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>alicui iniūriās īnferre</b>, <i>inflict wrongs upon some +one</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inopia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>inops</b>, <i>needy</i>], <i>want, need, +lack</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-opīnāns, -antis</b>, adj. [<b>in-</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>opīnāns</b>, <i>thinking</i>], <i>not expecting, taken by +surprise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inquit</b>, <i>said he, said she</i>. Regularly inserted in a direct +quotation</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-rigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>irrigate, water</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-rumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>into</i>, + +<b>rumpō</b>, <i>break</i>], <i>burst in, break in</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-ruō, -ere, -ruī,——</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>in</i>, + +<b>ruō</b>, <i>rush</i>], <i>rush in</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-sequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>in</b>, <i>on</i>, ++ <b>sequor</b>, <i>follow</i>], <i>follow on, pursue</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-signe, -is</b>, n. <i>badge, decoration</i> (<a href = +"#sec465">§ 465. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īnsignis, -e</b>, adj. <i>remarkable, noted</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īnstāns, -antis</b>, adj. [part. of <b>īnsto</b>, <i>be at hand</i>], +<i>present, immediate</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-stō, -āre, -stitī, -statūrus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>upon</i>, + +<b>stō</b>, <i>stand</i>], <i>stand upon; be at hand; pursue, press +on</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īnstrūmentum, -ī</b>, n. <i>instrument</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īn-struō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>on</i>, + +<b>struō</b>, <i>build</i>], <i>draw up</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">314</span> +<a name = "page314"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īnsula, -ae</b>, f. <i>island</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>integer, -gra, -grum</b>, <i>untouched, whole; fresh, new</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>intellegō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctus</b> [<b>inter</b>, <i>between</i>, ++<b>legō</b>, <i>choose</i>], <i>perceive, understand</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>d</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>intentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>aim; threaten</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inter</b>, prep. with acc. <i>between, among; during, while</i> (<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec340">§ 340</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>interfectus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>inter-ficiō</b>, +<i>kill</i>], <i>slain, dead</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inter-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus</b> [<b>inter</b>, <i>between</i>, ++ <b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i>], <i>put out of the way, kill</i>. Cf. +<b>necō, occīdō, trucīdō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>interim</b>, adv. <i>meanwhile</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>interior, -ius</b>, adj. <i>interior, inner</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inter-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus</b>, <i>leave off, +suspend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>interpres, -etis</b>, m. and f. <i>interpreter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inter-rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>question</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inter-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus</b> [<b>inter</b>, <i>between</i>, ++<b>sum</b>, <i>be</i>], <i>be present, take part in</i>, with dat. (<a +href = "#sec501_15">§ 501.15</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inter-vāllum, -ī</b>, n. <i>interval, distance</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>intrā</b>, adv. and prep. with acc. <i>within, in</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>intrō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus</b>, <i>go into, enter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus</b> [<b>in</b>, <i>upon</i>, ++<b>veniō</b>, <i>come</i>], <i>find</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>invīsus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>invideō</b>, <i>envy</i>], +<i>hated, detested</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Iolāus, -ī</b>, m. <i>I-o-lā´us</i>, a friend of Hercules</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ipse, -a, -um</b>, intensive pron. <i>that very, this very; self, +himself, herself, itself</i>, (<a href = "#sec481">§ 481</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īra, -ae</b>, f. <i>wrath, anger</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>īrātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>īrāscor</b>, <i>be angry</i>], +<i>angered, enraged</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>is, ea, id</b>, demonstrative adj. and pron. <i>this, that; he, she, +it</i> (<a href = "#sec481">§ 481</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iste, -a, -ud</b>, demonstrative adj. and pron. <i>that</i> (of +yours), <i>he, she, it</i> (<a href = "#sec481">§ 481</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ita</b>, adv. <i>so, thus</i>. Cf. <b>sīc</b> and <b>tam</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Italia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Italy</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ita-que</b>, conj. <i>and so, therefore</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>item</b>, adv. <i>also</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iter, itineris</b>, n. <i>journey, march, route; way, passage</i> (<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§§ 247.1.<i>a</i></a>; <a href = +"#sec468">468</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>iter dare</b>, <i>give a right of way, allow to pass</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>iter facere</b>, <i>march</i> (see <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#page159">p. 159</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussus</b>, <i>order, command</i>. Usually with +the infin. and subj. acc. (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec213">§ 213</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iūdex, -icis</b>, m. and f. <i>judge</i> (<a href = +"#sec464">§ 464. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>iūdex</b>, <i>judge</i>], <i>judge, +decide</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>c</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Iūlia, -ae</b>, <i>Julia</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Iūlius, Iūlī</b>, m. <i>Julius</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iungō, -ēre, iūnxī, iūnctus</b>, <i>join; yoke, harness</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Iūnō, -ōnis</b>, f. <i>Juno</i>, the queen of the gods and wife of +Jupiter</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Iuppiter, Iovis</b>, m. <i>Jupiter</i>, the supreme god</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>swear, take an oath</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>iussus, -a, -um</b>, part. of <b>iubeō</b>, <i>ordered</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_L">L</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>L.</b>, abbreviation for <b>Lūcius</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>labefactus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>labefaciō</b>, <i>cause to +shake</i>], <i>shaken, weakened, ready to fall</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Labiēnus, -ī</b>, m. <i>La-bi-e´nus</i>, one of Cæsar’s +lieutenants</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>labor, -ōris</b>, m. <i>labor, toil</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>labor</b>, <i>labor</i>], <i>labor; +suffer, be hard pressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lacrima, -ae</b>, f. <i>tear</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lacus, -ūs</b> (dat. and abl. plur. <b>lacubus</b>), m. +<i>lake</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">315</span> +<a name = "page315"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>laetē</b>, adv. [<b>laetus</b>, <i>glad</i>], compared <b>laetius, +laetissimē</b>, <i>gladly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>laetitia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>laetus</b>, <i>glad</i>], <i>joy</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>laetus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>glad, joyful</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lapis, -idis</b>, m. <i>stone</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§§ 247.2.<i>a</i></a>; <a href = +"#sec464">464.1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Lār, Laris</b>, m.; plur. <b>Larēs, -um</b> (rarely <b>-ium</b>), +<i>the Lares</i> or <i>household, gods</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lātē, </b>adv. [<b>lātus</b>, <i>wide</i>], compared <b>lātius, +lātissimē</b>, <i>widely</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Latinē</b>, adv. <i>in Latin</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>Latīnē loquī</b>, <i>to speak Latin</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lātitūdō, -inis</b>, f. [<b>lātus</b>, <i>wide</i>], +<i>width</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Lātōna, -ae</b>, f. <i>Latona</i>, mother of Apollo and Diana</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>latus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>wide</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lātus, -eris</b>, n. <i>side, flank</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>ab utrōque latere</b>, <i>on each side</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>laus</b>, <i>praise</i>], +<i>praise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>laurea, -ae</b>, f. <i>laurel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>laureātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>crowned with laurel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>laus, laudis</b>, f. <i>praise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lectulus, -ī</b>, m. <i>couch, bed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lēgātus, -ī</b>, m. <i>ambassador; lieutenant</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>legiō, -ōnis</b>, f. [cf. <b>legō</b>, <i>gather</i>], (<i>body of +soldiers</i>), <i>legion</i>, about 3600 men (<a href = +"#sec464">§ 464. 2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>legiōnārius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>legionary</i>. Plur. <b>legiōnariī, +-ōrum</b>, m. <i>the soldiers of the legion</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctus</b>, <i>read</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lēnis, -e</b>, adj. <i>gentle, smooth, mild</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lēniter</b>, adv. [<b>lēnis</b>, <i>gentle</i>], compared <b>lēnius, +lēnissimē</b>, <i>gently</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Lentulus, -i</b>, m. <i>Lentulus</i>, a Roman family name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>leō, -ōnis</b>, m. <i>lion</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Lernaeus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Lernæean</i>, of Lerna, in southern +Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Lesbia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Lesbia</i>, a girl’s name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>levis, -e</b>, adj. <i>light</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lēx, lēgis</b>, f. <i>measure, law</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>libenter</b>, adv. [<b>libēns</b>, <i>willing</i>], compared +<b>libentius, libentissimē</b>, <i>willingly, gladly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>līber, -era, -erum</b>, adj. <i>free</i> (<a href = +"#sec469">§ 469. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>līberī, -ōrum</b>, m. [<b>līber</b>, <i>free</i>], +<i>children</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>līber</b>, <i>free</i>], <i>set +free, release, liberate</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lībertās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>līber</b>, <i>free</i>], <i>freedom, +liberty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>līctor, -ōris</b>, m. <i>lictor</i> (<a href = "#page225">p. +225</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>līmus, -ī</b>, m. <i>mud</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>littera, -ae</b>, f. <i>a letter</i> of the alphabet; in plur. <i>a +letter, epistle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lītus, -oris</b>, n. <i>seashore, beach</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>locus, -ī</b>, m. (plur. <b>locī</b> and <b>loca</b>, m. and n.), +<i>place, spot</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>longē</b>, adv. [<b>longus</b>, <i>long</i>], comp. <b>longius, +longissimē</b>, <i>a long way off; by far</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>longinquus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>longus</b>, <i>long</i>], +<i>distant, remote</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>longitūdō, -inis</b>, f. [<b>longus</b>, <i>long</i>], +<i>length</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>longus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>long</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>loquor, loqui, locūtus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>talk, speak</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lōrīca, -ae</b>, f. [<b>lōrum</b>, <i>thong</i>], <i>coat of mail, +corselet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsus</b>, <i>play</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lūdus, -ī</b>, m. <i>play; school</i>, the elementary grades. Cf. +<b>schola</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lūna, -ae</b>, f. <i>moon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lūx, lūcis</b>, f. (no gen. plur.), <i>light</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>prīma lūx</b>, <i>daybreak</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Lȳdia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Lydia</i>, a girl’s name</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_M">M</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>M.</b>, abbreviation for <b>Mārcus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>magicus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>magic</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>magis</b>, adv. in comp. degree [<b>magnus</b>, <i>great</i>], +<i>more, in a higher degree</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<span class = "pagenum">316</span> +<a name = "page316"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>magister, -trī</b>, m. <i>master, commander; teacher</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>magistrātus, -ūs</b>, m. [<b>magister</b>, <i>master</i>], +<i>magistracy; magistrate</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>magnitūdō, -inis</b>, f. [<b>magnus</b>, <i>great</i>], <i>greatness, +size</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>magnopere</b>, adv. [abl. of <b>magnum opus</b>], compared <b>magis, +maximē</b>, <i>greatly, exceedingly</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>magnus, -a, -um</b>, adj., compared <b>maior, maximus</b>, <i>great, +large; strong, loud</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>maior, maius, -ōris</b>, adj., comp. of <b>magnus</b>, <i>greater, +larger</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>maiōrēs, -um</b>, m. plur. of <b>maior</b>, <i>ancestors</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mālō, mālle, māluī</b>, —— [<b>magis</b>, <i>more</i>, + +<b>volō</b>, <i>wish</i>], <i>wish more, prefer</i> (<a href = +"#sec497">§ 497</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>malus, -a, -um</b>, adj., compared <b>peior, pessimus</b>, <i>bad, +evil</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mandō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>manus</b>, <i>hand</i>, + <b>dō</b>, +<i>put</i>], <i>(put in hand), intrust; order, command</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus</b>, <i>stay, remain, abide</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Mānlius, Mānlī</b>, m. <i>Manlius</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mānsuētus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>mānsuēscō</b>, +<i>tame</i>], <i>tamed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>manus, -ūs</b>, f. <i>hand; force, band</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Mārcus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Marcus, Mark</i>, a Roman first name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mare, -is</b>, n. (no gen. plur.), <i>sea</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>mare tenēre</b>, <i>be out to sea</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>margō, -inis</b>, m. <i>edge, border</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>marītus, -ī</b>, m. <i>husband</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Marius, Marī</b>, m. <i>Marius</i>, a Roman name, esp. <i>C. +Marius</i>, the general</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Mārtius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>of Mars</i>, esp. the <i>Campus +Martius</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>māter, -tris</b>, f. <i>mother</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mātrimōnium, mātrimō´nī</b>, n. <i>marriage</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in mātrimōnium dūcere</b>, <i>marry</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mātūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>hasten</i>. Cf. <b>contendō</b>, +<b>properō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mātūrus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>ripe, mature</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>maximē</b>, adv. in superl. degree [<b>maximus</b>, <i>greatest</i>], +compared <b>magnopere, magis, maximē</b>, <i>especially, very much</i> +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>maximus, -a, -um</b>, adj., superl. of <b>magnus</b>, <i>greatest, +extreme</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>medius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>middle part; middle, +intervening</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>melior, -ius, -ōris</b>, adj., comp. of <b>bonus</b>, <i>better</i> +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>melius</b>, adv. in comp. degree, compared <b>bene, melius, +optimē</b>, <i>better</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>memoria, -ae</b>, f. [<b>memor</b>, <i>mindful</i>], +<i>memory</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>memoriā tenēre</b>, <i>remember</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mēns, mentis</b>, f. <i>mind</i>. Cf. <b>animus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mēnsis, -is</b>, m. <i>month</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2</a>. a)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mercātor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>mercor</b>, <i>trade</i>], <i>trader, +merchant</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>merīdiānus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>merīdiēs</b>, <i>noon</i>], <i>of +midday</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>merīdiēs</b>, —— (acc. <b>-em</b>, abl. <b>-ē</b>), m. +[<b>medius</b>, <i>mid</i>, + <b>diēs</b>, <i>day</i>], +<i>noon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>metus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>fear, dread</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>meus, -a, -um</b>, possessive adj. and pron. <i>my, mine</i> (<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec98">§ 98</a>)</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mīles, -itis</b>, m. <i>soldier</i> (<a href = +"#sec464">§ 464. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mīlitāris, -e</b>, adj. [<b>mīles</b>, <i>soldier</i>], +<i>military</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs mīlitāris</b>, <i>science of war</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mīlitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>mīles</b>, <i>soldier</i>], +<i>serve as a soldier</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mīlle</b>, plur. <b>mīlia, -ium</b>, numeral adj. and subst. +<i>thousand</i> (<a href = "#sec479">§ 479</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>minimē</b>, adv. in superl. degree, compared <b>parum, minus, +minimē</b>, <i>least, very little; by no means</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">317</span> +<a name = "page317"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>minimus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree, compared <b>parvus, +minor, minimus</b>, <i>least, smallest</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>minor, minus, -ōris</b>, adj. in comp. degree, compared <b>parvus, +minor, minimus</b>, <i>smaller, less</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Mīnōs, -ōis</b>, m. <i>Minos</i>, a king of Crete</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>minus</b>, adv. in comp. degree, compared <b>parum, minus, +minimē</b>, <i>less</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Minyae, -ārum</b>, m. <i>the Minyae</i>, a people of Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mīrābilis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>mīror</b>, <i>wonder at</i>], +<i>wonderful, marvelous</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>mīrus</b>, +<i>wonderful</i>], <i>wonder, marvel, admire</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mīrus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>wonderful</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Mīsēnum, -ī</b>, <i>Mise´num</i>, a promontory and harbor on the +coast of Campania. See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>miser, -era, -erum</b>, adj. <i>wretched, unhappy, +miserable</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>missus, -a, -um</b>, part. of <b>mittō</b>, <i>sent</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mittō, -ere, mīsī, missus</b>, <i>send</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>modicus, -a, -um</b> [<b>modus</b>, <i>measure</i>], <i>modest, +ordinary</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>modo</b>, adv. [abl. of <b>modus</b>, <i>measure</i>, with shortened +<b>o</b>], <i>only, merely, just now</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>modo ... modo</b>, <i>now ... now, sometimes ... sometimes</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>modus, -ī</b>, m. <i>measure; manner, way; kind</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>moenia, -ium</b>, n. plur. [cf. <b>mūniō</b>, <i>fortify</i>], +<i>walls, ramparts</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>molestē</b>, adv. [<b>molestus</b>, <i>troublesome</i>], compared +<b>molestius, molestissimē</b>, <i>annoyingly</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>molestē ferre</b>, <i>to be annoyed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>molestus, -a, -um</b>, <i>troublesome, annoying, unpleasant</i> (<a +href = "#sec501_16">§ 501.16</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b>, <i>remind, advise, warn</i> (<a href = +"#sec489">§ 489</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mōns, montis</b>, m. <i>mountain</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2</a>. a)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mōnstrum, -ī</b>, n. <i>monster</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mora, -ae</b>, f. <i>delay</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>moror, -ārī, -ātus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>mora</b>, <i>delay</i>], +<i>delay, linger; impede</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mors, mortis</b>, f. [cf. <b>morior</b>, <i>die</i>], +<i>death</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mōs, mōris</b>, m. <i>custom, habit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mōtus, -ūs</b>, m. [cf. <b>moveō</b>, <i>move</i>], <i>motion, +movement</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>terrae mōtus</b>, <i>earthquake</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtus</b>, <i>move</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mox</b>, adv. <i>soon, presently</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mulier, -eris</b>, f. <i>woman</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>multitūdō, -inis</b>, f. [<b>multus</b>, <i>much</i>], +<i>multitude</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>multum</b> (<b>multō</b>), adv. [<b>multus</b>, <i>much</i>], +compared <b>plūs, plūrimum</b>, <i>much</i> (<a href = +"#sec477">§ 477</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>multus, -a, -um</b>, adj., compared <b>plūs, plūrimus</b>, +<i>much</i>; plur. <i>many</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mūniō, -īre, -īvī or -iī, -ītus</b>, <i>fortify, defend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mūnītiō, -ōnis</b>, f. [<b>mūniō</b>, <i>fortify</i>], <i>defense, +fortification</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mūrus, -ī</b>, m. <i>wall</i>. Cf. <b>moenia</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mūsica, -ae</b>, f. <i>music</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_N">N</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nam</b>, conj. <i>for</i>. Cf. <b>enim</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nam-que</b>, conj., a strengthened <b>nam</b>, introducing a reason +or explanation, <i>for, and in fact; seeing that</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nārrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>tell, relate</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>be born, spring +from</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nātūra, -ae</b>, f. <i>nature</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nātus</b>, part. of <b>nāscor</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nauta, -ae</b>, m. [for <b>nāvita</b>, from <b>nāvis</b>, +<i>ship</i>], <i>sailor</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">318</span> +<a name = "page318"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nāvālis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>nāvis</b>, <i>ship</i>], <i>naval</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nāvigium, nāvi´gī</b>, n. <i>ship, boat</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>nāvis</b>, <i>ship</i>, + +<b>agō</b>, <i>drive</i>], <i>sail, cruise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nāvis, -is</b> (abl. -ī or -e), f. <i>ship</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nāvem cōnscendere</b>, <i>embark, go on board</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nāvem solvere</b>, <i>set sail</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nāvis longa</b>, <i>man-of-war</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nē</b>, conj. and adv. <i>in order that not, that</i> (with verbs of +fearing), <i>lest; not</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nē ... quidem</b>, <i>not even</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>-ne</b>, interrog. adv., enclitic (see +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec16">§§ 16</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec210">210</a>). Cf. <b>nōnne</b> and +<b>num</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nec</b> or <b>neque</b>, conj. [<b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>que</b>, +<i>and</i>], <i>and not, nor</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nec ... nec</b> or <b>neque ... neque</b>, <i>neither ... +nor</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>necessārius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>needful, necessary</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [cf. nex, <i>death</i>], <i>kill</i>. Cf. +<b>interficiō, occīdō, trucīdō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>deny, say not</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>negōtium, negō´tī</b>, n. [<b>nec</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>ōtium</b>, +<i>ease</i>], <i>business, affair, matter</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>alicui negōtium dare</b>, <i>to employ some one</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Nemaeus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Neme´an, of Neme´a</i>, in southern +Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nēmŏ</b>, dat. <b>nēminī</b> (gen. <b>nūllīus</b>, abl. <b>nūllō</b>, +supplied from <b>nūllus</b>), m. and f. [<b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>homō</b>, <i>man</i>], <i>(not a man), no one, nobody</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Neptūnus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Neptune</i>, god of the sea, brother of +Jupiter</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>neque</b>, see <b>nec</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>neuter, -tra, -trum</b> (gen. <b>-trīus</b>, dat. <b>-trī</b>), adj. +<i>neither</i> (of two) (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nē-ve</b>, conj. adv. <i>and not, and that not, and lest</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nihil</b>, n. indecl. [<b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>hīlum</b>, <i>a +whit</i>], <i>nothing</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nihil posse</b>, <i>to have no power</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nihilum, -ī</b>, n., see <b>nihil</b></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Niobē, -ēs</b>, f. <i>Ni´obe</i>, the queen of Thebes whose children +were destroyed by Apollo and Diana</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nisi</b>, conj. [<b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>sī</b>, <i>if</i>], +<i>if not, unless, except</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōbilis, -e</b>, adj. <i>well known; noble</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>noceō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus</b> [cf. <b>necō</b>, <i>kill</i>], +<i>hurt, injure</i>, with dat. (<a href = +"#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>noctū</b>, abl. used as adv. [cf. <b>nox</b>, <i>night</i>], <i>at +night, by night</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Nōla, -ae</b>, f. <i>Nola</i>, a town in central Campania. See +map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōlō, nōlle, nōluī</b>, —— [<b>ne</b>, <i>not</i>, + +<b>volō</b>, <i>wish</i>], <i>not to wish, be unwilling</i> (<a href = +"#sec497">§ 497</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōmen, -inis</b>, n. [cf. <b>nōscō</b>, <i>know</i>], <i>(means of +knowing), name</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>nōmen</b>, <i>name</i>], <i>name, +call</i>. Cf. <b>appellō, vocō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōn</b>, adv. [<b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>ūnum</b>, <i>one</i>], +<i>not</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nōn sōlum ... sed etiam</b>, <i>not only ... but also</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōn-dum</b>, adv. <i>not yet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōn-ne</b>, interrog. adv. suggesting an affirmative answer, +<i>not?</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec210">§ 210</a>). Cf. +<b>-ne</b> and <b>num</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nōs</b>, pers. pron. <i>we</i> (see <b>ego</b>) (<a href = +"#sec480">§ 480</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>noster, -tra, -trum</b>, possessive adj. and pron. <i>our, ours</i>. +Plur. <b>nostrī, -ōrum</b>, m. <i>our men</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec98">§ 98</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>novem</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>nine</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>novus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>new</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>novae rēs</b>, <i>a revolution</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nox, noctis</b>, f. <i>night</i>, <b>multā nocte</b>, <i>late at +night</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nūllus, -a, -um</b> (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>) adj. +[<b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>ūllus</b>, <i>any</i>], <i>not any, none, +no</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>num</b>, interrog. adv. suggesting a negative answer (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec210">§ 210</a>). Cf. <b>-ne</b> and +<b>nōnne</b>. In indir. questions, <i>whether</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">319</span> +<a name = "page319"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>numerus, -ī</b>, m. <i>number</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>numquam</b>, adv. [<b>nē</b>, <i>not</i>, + <b>umquam</b>, +<i>ever</i>], <i>never</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nunc</b>, adv. <i>now</i>. Cf. <b>iam</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>nūntius</b>, <i>messenger</i>], +<i>report, announce</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nūntius, nūntī</b>, m. <i>messenger</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nūper</b>, adv. <i>recently, lately, just now</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nympha, -ae</b>, f. <i>nymph</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_O">O</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ob</b>, prep. with acc. <i>on account of</i>. In compounds it often +means <i>in front of, against</i>, or it is intensive.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>quam ob rem</b>, <i>for this reason</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec340">§ 340</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>obses, -idis</b>, m. and f. <i>hostage</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ob-sideō,-ēre,-sēdī, -sessus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>against</i>, + +<b>sedeō</b>, <i>sit</i>], <i>besiege</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>against</i>, + +<b>teneō</b>, <i>hold</i>], <i>possess, occupy, hold</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>occāsiō, -ōnis</b>, f. <i>favorable opportunity, favorable +moment</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>occāsus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>going down, setting</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>down</i>, + +<b>caedō</b>, <i>strike</i>], <i>strike down; cut down, kill</i>. Cf. +<b>interficiō, necō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>occupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>completely</i>, + +<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], <i>seize, take possession of, occupy</i>. +Cf. <b>rapio</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>oc-currō, -ere, -currī, -cursus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>against</i> + +<b>currō</b>, <i>run</i>], <i>run towards; meet</i>, with dat. (<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōceanus, -ī</b>, m. <i>the ocean</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>octō</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>eight</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>oculus, -ī</b>, m. <i>eye</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>officium, offi´cī</b>, n. <i>duty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōlim</b>, adv. <i>formerly, once upon a time</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōmen, -inis</b>, n. <i>sign, token, omen</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ō-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>over, past</i>, + +<b>mittō</b>, <i>send</i>], <i>let go, omit</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>consilium omittere</b>, <i>give up a plan</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>omnīnō</b>, adv. [<b>omnis</b>, <i>all</i>], <i>altogether, wholly, +entirely</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>omnis, -e</b>, adj. <i>all, every.</i> Cf. <b>tōtus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>onerāria, -ae</b>, f. [<b>onus</b>, <i>load</i>], with <b>nāvis</b> +expressed or understood, <i>merchant vessel, transport</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>onus, -eris</b>, n. <i>load, burden</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>opīniō, -ōnis</b>, f. [<b>opīnor</b>, <i>suppose</i>], <i>opinion, +supposition, expectation</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>oppidānus, -ī</b>, m. [<b>oppidum</b>, <i>town</i>], +<i>townsman</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>oppidum, -ī</b>, n. <i>town, stronghold</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>opportūnus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>suitable, opportune, +favorable</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>op-primō, -ere, -pressī, -pressus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>against</i>, + +<b>premō</b>, <i>press</i>], (<i>press against</i>), <i>crush; +surprise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>oppugnātiō, -ōnis</b>, f. <i>storming, assault</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>ob</b>, <i>against</i>, + +<b>pugnō</b> <i>fight</i>], <i>fight against, assault, storm, +assail</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>optimē</b>, adv. in superl. degree, compared <b>bene, melius, +optimē</b>, <i>very well, best of all</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>optimus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree, compared <b>bonus, +melior, optimus</b>, <i>best, most excellent</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>opus, -eris</b>, n. <i>work, labor, task</i> (<a href = +"#sec464">§ 464. 2. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōrāculum, -ī</b>, n. [<b>ōrō</b>, <i>speak</i>], <i>oracle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōrātor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>ōrō</b>, <i>speak</i>], <i>orator</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>orbis, -is</b>, m. <i>ring, circle</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>orbis terrārum</b>, <i>the earth, world</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>orbita, -ae</b>, f. [<b>orbis</b>, <i>wheel</i>], <i>rut</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Orcus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Orcus, the lower world</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōrdō, -inis</b>, m. <i>row, order, rank</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>orīgo, -inis</b>, f. [<b>orior</b>, <i>rise</i>], <i>source, +origin</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>orior, -īrī, ortus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>arise, rise, begin; spring, +be born</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">320</span> +<a name = "page320"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōrnāmentum, -ī</b>, n. [<b>ōrnō</b>, <i>fit out</i>], <i>ornament, +jewel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōrnātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>ōrnō</b>, <i>fit out</i>] +<i>fitted out; adorned</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>fit out, adorn</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_P">P</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>P.</b>, abbreviation for <b>Pūblius</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>paene</b>, adv. <i>nearly, almost</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>palūdāmentum, -ī</b>, n. <i>military cloak</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>palūs, -ūdis</b>, f. <i>swamp, marsh</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pānis, -is</b>, m. <i>bread</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pār, paris</b>, adj. <i>equal</i> (<a href = +"#sec471">§ 471. III</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>parātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>parō</b>, <i>prepare</i>], +<i>prepared, ready</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>parcō, -ere, peper´cī</b> (<b>parsī</b>), <b>parsūrus</b>, +<i>spare</i>, with dat. (<a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pāreō, -ēre, -uī</b>, ——, <i>obey</i>, with dat. (<a href += "#sec501">§ 501</a> .14)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>prepare for, prepare; provide, +procure</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pars, partis</b>, f. <i>part, share; side, direction</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>parum</b>, adv., compared <b>minus, minimē</b>, <i>too little, not +enough</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>parvus, -a, -um</b>, adj., compared <b>minor, minimus</b>, <i>small, +little</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>passus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>step, pace</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>mīlle passuum</b>, <i>thousand paces, mile</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec331">§ 331. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pateō, -ēre, patuī</b>, ——, <i>lie open, be open; +stretch, extend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pater, -tris</b>, m. <i>father</i> (<a href = "#sec464">§ 464. +2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>patior, -ī, passus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>bear, suffer, allow, +permit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>patria, -ae</b>, f. [cf. <b>pater</b>, <i>father</i>], +<i>fatherland</i>, (<i>one’s</i>) <i>country</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>paucus, -a, -um</b>, adj. (generally plur.), <i>few, only a +few</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>paulisper</b>, adv. <i>for a little while</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>paulō</b>, adv. <i>by a little, little</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>paulum</b> adv. <i>a little, somewhat</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pāx, pācis</b>, f. (no gen. plur.), <i>peace</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pecūnia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>pecus</b>, <i>cattle</i>], +<i>money</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pedes, -itis</b>, m. [<b>pēs</b>, <i>foot</i>], <i>foot +soldier</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pedester, -tris, -tre</b>, adj. [<b>pēs</b>, <i>foot</i>], <i>on +foot; by land</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>peior, peius, -ōris</b>, adj. in comp. degree, compared <b>malus, +peior, pessimus</b>, <i>worse</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pellis, -is</b>, f. <i>skin, hide</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>penna, -ae</b>, f. <i>feather</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>per</b>, prep. with acc. <i>through, by means of, on account of</i>. +In composition it often has the force of <i>thoroughly, completely, +very</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec340">§ 340</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>percussus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>percutiō</b>, <i>strike +through</i>], <i>pierced</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>per-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b> [<b>per</b>, <i>through</i>, + +<b>dūcō</b>, <i>lead</i>], <i>lead through</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>fossam perdūcere</b>, <i>to construct a ditch</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>per-exiguus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>per</b>, <i>very</i>, + +<b>exiguus</b>, <i>small</i>], <i>very small, very short</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>perfidus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>faithless, treacherous, +false</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>per-fringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctus</b> [<b>per</b>, <i>through</i>, +<b>frangō</b>, <i>break</i>], <i>shatter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctus</b> [<b>per</b>, <i>through</i>, + +<b>regō</b>, <i>conduct</i>], <i>go on, proceed, hasten</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>perīculum, -ī</b>, n. <i>trial, test; danger</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>peristȳlum, -ī</b>, n. <i>peristyle</i>, an open court with columns +around it</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>perītus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>skillful</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>perpetuus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>perpetual</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Perseus, -eī</b>, <i>Perseus</i>, a Greek hero, son of Jupiter and +Danaë</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>persōna, -ae</b>, f. <i>part, character, person</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>per-suādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsus</b> [<b>per</b>, <i>thoroughly</i>, ++ <b>suādeō</b>, <i>persuade</i>], <i>persuade, advise</i>, with dat. +(<a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>), often with an object clause +of purpose (<a href = "#sec501_41">§ 501.41</a>)</div> + +<span class = "pagenum">321</span> +<a name = "page321"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>per-terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b> [<b>per</b>, <i>thoroughly</i>, + +<b>terreō</b>, <i>frighten</i>], <i>thoroughly terrify, alarm</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>per-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus</b> [<b>per</b>, <i>through</i>, + +<b>veniō</b>, <i>come</i>], <i>arrive, reach, come to</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pēs, pedis</b>, m. <i>foot</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>pedem referre</b>, <i>retreat</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pessimus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree, compared <b>malus, +peior, pessimus</b>, <i>worst</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus</b>, <i>strive for, seek, beg, ask; +make for, travel to</i>. Cf. <b>postulō, quaerō, rogō</b></div> + +<b>Pharsālus, -ī</b>, f. <i>Pharsa´lus</i> or <i>Pharsa´lia</i>, a town +in Thessaly, near which +<div class = "index word"> +Cassar defeated Pompey, 48 B.C.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>philosophia, -ae</b>, f. <i>philosophy</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>philosophus, -ī</b>, m. <i>philosopher</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pictus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>pingō</b>, <i>paint</i>], +<i>colored, variegated</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pīlum, -ī</b>, n. <i>spear, javelin</i> (<a href = +"#sec462">§ 462. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>piscīna, -ae</b>, f. [<b>piscis</b>, <i>fish</i>], <i>fish +pond</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>piscis, -is</b>, m. <i>fish</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pīstor, -ōris</b>, m. <i>baker</i></div> + +<b>placeō. -ēre, -uī, -itus</b>, <i>please, be pleasing</i>, +<div class = "index word"> +with dat. (<a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plānitiēs, -ēī</b>, f. [<b>plānus</b>, <i>level</i>], +<i>plain</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plānus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>level, flat</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plēnus, -a, -um</b>, <i>full</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plūrimum</b>, adv. in superl. degree, compared <b>multum, plūs, +plūrimum</b>, <i>very much</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>plūrimum valēre</b>, <i>be most influential</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec322">§ 322</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plūrimus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree, compared <b>multus, +plūs, plūrimus</b>, <i>most, very many</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plūs, plūris</b>, adj. in comp. degree, compared <b>multus, plūs, +plūrimus</b>; sing. n. as substantive, <i>more</i>; plur. <i>more, +several</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">§ 311</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pluteus, -ī</b>, m. <i>shield, parapet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>poena, -ae</b>, f. <i>punishment, penalty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>poēta, -ae</b>, m. <i>poet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pompa, -ae</b>, f. <i>procession</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Pompēiī, -ōrum</b>, m. <i>Pompeii</i>, a city of Campania. See +map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Pompēius, Pompē´ī</b>, m. <i>Pompey</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pōmum, -ī</b>, n. <i>apple</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pōnō, -ere, posuī, positus</b>, <i>put, place</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>castra pōnere</b>, <i>pitch camp</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pōns, pontis</b>, m. <i>bridge</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>popīna, -ae</b>, f. <i>restaurant</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>populus, -ī</b>, m. <i>people</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Porsena, -ae</b>, m. <i>Porsena</i>, king of Etruria, a district of +Italy. See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>porta, -ae</b>, f. <i>gate, door</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>bear, carry</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>portus, -ūs</b>, m. [cf. <b>porta</b>, <i>gate</i>], +<i>harbor</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>possideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessus</b>, <i>have, own, possess</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>possum, posse, potuī</b>, ——, irreg. verb [<b>potis</b>, +<i>able</i>, + <b>sum</b>, <i>I am</i>], <i>be able, can</i> (<a href = +"#sec495">§ 495</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nihil posse</b>, <i>have no power</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>post</b>, prep, with acc. <i>after, behind</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec340">§ 340</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>posteā</b>, adv. [<b>post</b>, <i>after</i>, + <b>eā</b>, +<i>this</i>], <i>afterwards</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> + +<div class = "index word"> +(<b>posterus</b>), <b>-a, -um</b>, adj., compared <b>posterior, +postrēmus</b> or <b>postumus</b>, <i>following, next</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec312">§ 312</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>postquam</b>, conj. <i>after, as soon as</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>postrēmō</b>, adv. [abl. of <b>postrēmus</b>, <i>last</i>], <i>at +last, finally</i>. Cf. <b>dēmum, dēnique</b> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec322">§ 322</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>postrīdiē</b>, adv. [<b>posterō</b>, <i>next</i>, + <b>diē</b>, +<i>day</i>], <i>on the next day</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>ask, demand, require</i>. Cf. +<b>petō, quaerō, rogō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>potentia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>potēns</b>, <i>able</i>], <i>might, power, +force</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">322</span> +<a name = "page322"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prae-beō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b> [<b>prae</b>, <i>forth</i>, + +<b>habeō</b>, <i>hold</i>], <i>offer, give</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praeda, -ae</b>, f. <i>booty, spoil, plunder</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prae-dīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictus</b> [<b>prae</b>, <i>before</i>, + +<b>dīcō</b>, <i>tell</i>], <i>foretell, predict</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prae-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus</b> [<b>prae</b>, <i>before</i>, + +<b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i>], <i>place in command</i>, with acc. and dat. +(<a href = "#sec501_15">§ 501.15</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prae-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus</b> [<b>prae</b>, <i>forward</i>, + +<b>mittō</b>, <i>send</i>], <i>send forward</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praemium, praemī</b>, n. <i>reward, prize</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praeruptus, -a, -um</b> [part. of <b>prae-rumpō</b>, <i>break +off</i>], <i>broken off, steep</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praesēns, -entis</b>, adj. <i>present, immediate</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praesertim</b>, adv. <i>especially, chiefly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praesidium, praesi´di</b>, n. <i>guard, garrison, +protection</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prae-stō, -āre, -stitī, -stitus</b> [<b>prae</b>, <i>before</i>, + +<b>sto</b>, <i>stand</i>], (<i>stand before</i>), <i>excel, surpass</i>, +with dat. (<a href = "#sec501_15">§ 501.15</a>); <i>show, +exhibit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prae-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus</b> [<b>prae</b>, <i>before</i>, + +<b>sum</b>, <i>be</i>], <i>be over, be in command of</i>, with dat. (<a +href = "#sec501_15">§ 501.15</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praeter</b>, prep, with acc. <i>beyond, contrary to</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec340">§ 340</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praetereā</b>, adv. [<b>praeter</b>, <i>besides</i>, + <b>eā</b>, +<i>this</i>], <i>in addition, besides, moreover</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praetextus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>bordered, edged</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praetōrium, praetō´rī</b>, n. <i>prætorium</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prandium, prandī</b>, n. <i>luncheon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>premō, -ere, pressī, pressus</b>, <i>press hard, compress; crowd, +drive, harass</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +(<b>prex, precis</b>), f. <i>prayer</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prīmō</b>, adv. [<b>prīmus</b>, <i>first</i>], <i>at first, in the +beginning</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec322">§ 322</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prīmum</b>, adv. [<b>prīmus</b>, <i>first</i>], <i>first</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>quam primum</b>, <i>as soon as possible</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prīmus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree, compared <b>prior, +prīmus</b>, <i>first</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prīnceps, -cipis</b>, m. [<b>prīmus</b>, <i>first</i>, + +<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], (<i>taking the first place</i>), <i>chief, +leader</i> (<a href = "#sec464">§ 464. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prior, prius, -ōris</b>, adj. in comp. degree, superl., +<b>prīmus</b>, <i>former</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prīstinus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>former, previous</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō</b>, prep, with abl. <i>before; for, for the sake of, in behalf +of; instead of, as</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec209">§ 209</a>). In composition, <i>forth, +forward</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-cēdō, -ere, -cussī, -cessūrus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>forward</i>, + +<b>cēdō</b>, <i>go</i>], <i>go forward, proceed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>procul</b>, adv. <i>far, afar off</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-currō, -ere, -currī</b> (<b>-cucurrī</b>), <b>-cur-sus</b> +[<b>prō</b>, <i>forward</i>, + <b>currō</b>, <i>run</i>], <i>run +forward</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>proelium, proeli</b>, n. <i>battle, combat</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>proelium committere</b>, <i>join battle</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>proelium facere</b>, <i>fight a battle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>profectiō, -ōnis</b>, f. <i>departure</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>proficīscor, -ī, -fectus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>set out, march</i>. +Cf. <b>ēgredior, exeō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-gredior, -ī, -gressus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>prō</b>, +<i>forth</i>, + <b>gradior</b>, <i>go</i>], <i>go forth, proceed, +advance</i>. Cf. <b>pergō, prōcēdō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prōgressus</b>, see <b>prōgredior</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>forth, away from</i>, ++ <b>habeō</b>, <i>hold</i>], <i>keep away from, hinder, +prevent</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>forward</i>, + +<b>moveō</b>, <i>move</i>], <i>move forward, advance</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>forth</i>, + +<b>nūntiō</b>, <i>announce</i>], <i>proclaim, declare</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prope</b>, adv., compared <b>propius, proxi-mē</b>, <i>nearly</i>. +Prep, with acc. <i>near</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>forth</i>, + +<b>pellō</b>, <i>drive</i>], <i>drive forth; move, impel</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">323</span> +<a name = "page323"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>properus</b>, <i>quick], go +quickly, hasten</i>. Cf. <b>contendō, maturō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>propinquus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>prope</b>, <i>near], near, +neighboring</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>propior, -ius, -ōris</b>, adj. in comp. degree, superl., +<b>proximus</b>, <i>nearer</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>propius</b>, adv. in comp. degree, compared <b>prope, propius, +proximē</b>, <i>nearer</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>propter</b>, prep. with acc. <i>on account of, because of</i> (<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec340">§ 340</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scriptus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>forth</i>, ++ <b>scribō</b>, <i>write</i>], <i>proclaim, publish</i>. Cf. +<b>prōnūntiō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-sequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>prō</b>, +<i>forth</i>, + <b>sequor</b>, <i>follow], escort, attend</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-sum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>for</i>, + +<b>sum</b>, <i>be</i>], <i>be useful, benefit</i>, with dat. (<a href = +"#sec496">§§ 496</a>; <a href = "#sec501">501</a>.15)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prō-tegō, -ere, -tēx=i], -tēctus</b> [<b>prō</b>, <i>in front</i>, + +<b>tegō</b>, <i>cover], cover in front, protect</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prōvincia, -ae</b>, f. <i>territory, province</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>proximē</b>, adv. in superl. degree, compared <b>prope, propius, +proximē</b>, <i>nearest, next; last, most recently</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">§ 323</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>proximus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree, compared <b>propior, +proximus</b>, <i>nearest, next</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pūblicus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>populus</b>,<i>people</i>], <i>of the +people, public</i>, <b>res pūblica</b>, <i>the commonwealth</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>puella, -ae</b>, f. [diminutive of <b>puer</b>, <i>boy</i>], <i>girl, +maiden</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>puer, -eri</b>, m. <i>boy; slave</i> (<a href = +"#sec462">§ 462. <i>c</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pugna, -ae</b>, f <i>-fight, battle.</i> Cf. <b>proelium</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>pugna</b>, <i>battle], fight</i>. +Cf. <b>contendō, dīmicō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pulcher, -chra, -chrum</b>, adj. <i>beautiful, pretty</i> (<a href = +"#sec469">§§ 469.<i>b</i></a>; <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec304">304</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Pullō, -ōnis</b>, m. <i>Pullo</i>, a centurion</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>strike, beat</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>puppis, -is</b> (acc. <b>-im</b>, abl. <b>-ī</b>), f. <i>stern</i> of +a ship, <i>deck</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pūrē</b>, adv. [<b>pūrus</b>, <i>pure</i>], comp. <b>pūrius</b>, +<i>purely</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pūrgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>cleanse, clean</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>purpureus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>purple, dark red</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>reckon, think</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420</a>,<i>c</i>). Cf. <b>arbitror, +exīstimō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Pȳthia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Pythia</i>, the inspired priestess of Apollo +at Delphi</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_Q">Q</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quā dē causā</b>, <i>for this reason, wherefore</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quā rē</b>, <i>therefore, for this reason</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quaerō, -ere, -sīvī, -sītus</b>, <i>seek, ask, inquire</i>. Cf. +<b>petō, postulō, rogō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quālis, -e</b>, interrog. pronom. adj. <i>of what sort, what kind +of</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>talis ... qualis</b>, <i>such ... as</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quam</b>, adv. <i>how</i>; after a comparative, <i>than</i> ; with a +superlative, translated <i>as ... as possible</i>, <b>quam prīmum</b>, +<i>as soon as possible</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quantus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>quam</b>, <i>how], how great, how +much</i>, <b>tantus ... quantus</b>, <i>as great as</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quārtus, -a, -um</b>, numeral adj. [<b>quattuor</b>, <i>four</i>], +<i>fourth</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quattuor</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>four</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quattuor-decim</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>fourteen</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>-que</b>, conj., enclitic, <i>and</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec16">§ 16</a>). Cf. <b>ac, atque, et</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quī, quae, quod</b>, rel. pron. and adj. <i>who, which, what, +that</i> (<a href = "#sec482">§ 482</a>)</div> + +<span class = "pagenum">324</span> +<a name = "page324"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quia</b>, conj. <i>because</i>. Cf. <b>quod</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quīdam, quaedam, quiddam (quoddam)</b>, indef. pron. and adj. <i>a +certain one, a certain, a</i> (<a href = +"#sec485">§ 485</a>).</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quidem</b>, adv. <i>to be sure, certainly, indeed</i>, <b>nē ... +quidem</b>, <i>not even</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quiēs, -ētis</b>, f. <i>rest, repose</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quiētus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>quiet, restful</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quīndecim</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>fifteen</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quīngentī, -ae, -a</b>, numeral adj. <i>five hundred</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quīnque</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>five</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quīntus, -a, -um</b>, numeral adj. <i>fifth</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quis (quī), quae, quid (quod)</b>, interrog. pron. and adj. <i>who? +what? which?</i> (<a href = "#sec483">§ 483</a>).</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quis (quī), qua (quae), quid (quod)</b>, indef. pron. and adj., used +after <b>sī, nisi, nē, num</b>, <i>any one, anything, some one, +something, any, some</i> (<a href = "#sec484">§ 484</a>).</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quisquam, quicquam</b> or <b>quidquam</b> (no fem. or plur.), indef. +pron. <i>any one</i> (at all), <i>anything</i> (at all) (<a href = +"#sec486">§ 486</a>).</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quisque, quaeque, quidque (quodque)</b>, indef. pron. and adj. +<i>each, each one, every</i> (<a href = "#sec484">§ 484</a>).</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quō</b>, interrog. and rel. adv. <i>whither, where</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quō</b>, conj. <i>in order to, that</i>, with comp. degree (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec350">§ 350</a>).</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quod</b>, conj. <i>because, in that</i>. Cf. <b>quia</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quoque</b>, conj., following an emphatic word, <i>also, too</i>. Cf. +<b>etiam</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quot-annīs</b>, adv. [<b>quot</b>, <i>how many</i> + <b>annus</b>, +<i>year</i>], <i>every year, yearly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quotiēns</b>, interrog. and rel. adv. <i>how often? as often +as</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_R">R</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rādīx, -īcis</b>, f. <i>root; foot</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tus</b>, <i>seize, snatch</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rārō</b>, adv. [<b>rārus</b>, <i>rare</i>], <i>rarely</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rārus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>rare</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-</b> or <b>red-</b>, an inseparable prefix, <i>again, back, anew, +in return</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rebelliō, -ōnis</b>, f. <i>renewal of war, rebellion</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>recēns, -entis</b>, adj. <i>recent</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], <i>take back, receive</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>sē recipere</b>, <i>withdraw, retreat</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-clīnātus, -a, -um</b>, part. of <b>reclīnō</b>, <i>leaning +back</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-creātus, -a, -um</b>, part. of <b>recreō</b>, +<i>refreshed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rēctus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>regō</b>, <i>keep +straight</i>], <i>straight, direct</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-cūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>refuse</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>red-āctus, -a, -um</b>, part. of <b>redigō</b>, <i>reduced, +subdued</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>red-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus</b> [<b>red-</b>, <i>back</i>, + <b>eō</b>, +<i>go</i>], <i>go back, return</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec413">§ 413</a>). Cf. <b>revertō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>reditus, -ūs</b>, m. [cf. <b>redeō</b>, <i>return</i>], <i>return, +going back</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>dūcō</b>, <i>lead</i>], <i>lead back</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-ferō, -ferre, rettulī, -lātus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>ferō</b>, <i>bear</i>], <i>bear back; report</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>pedem referre</b>, <i>withdraw, retreat</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>again</i>, + +<b>faciō</b>, <i>make</i>], <i>make again, repair</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>sē reficere</b>, <i>refresh one’s self</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rēgīna, -ae</b>, f. [<b>rēx</b>, <i>king</i>], <i>queen</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>regiō, -ōnis</b>, f. <i>region, district</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rēgnum, -ī</b>, n. <i>sovereignty; kingdom</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctus</b> [cf. <b>rēx</b>, <i>king</i>], +<i>govern, rule</i> (<a href = "#sec490">§ 490</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>iaciō</b>, <i>hurl</i>], <i>hurl back; throw away</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-linquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>behind</i>, + +<b>linquō</b>, <i>leave</i>], <i>leave behind, leave, abandon</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">325</span> +<a name = "page325"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>reliquus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [cf. <b>relinquō</b>, <i>leave</i>], +<i>left over, remaining</i>. As a noun, plur. <i>the rest</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>remōtus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>re-moveō</b>, <i>remove</i>], +<i>remote, distant</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -motus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>moveō</b>, <i>move</i>], <i>remove</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rēmus, -ī</b>, m. <i>oar</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-periō, -īre, repperī, repertus</b>, <i>find</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>portō</b>, <i>carry</i>], <i>carry back, bring back, win, +gain</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rēs, reī</b>, f. <i>thing, business, matter, deed, event, +circumstance</i> (<a href = "#sec467">§ 467</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>quam ob rem</b>, <i>for this reason</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs adversae</b>, <i>adversity</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs frūmentāria</b>, <i>grain supplies</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs gestae</b>, <i>exploits</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs militāris</b>, <i>science of war</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs pūblica</b>, <i>the commonwealth</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs secundae</b>, <i>prosperity</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-scindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>scindō</b>, <i>cut</i>], <i>cut off, cut down</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-sistō, -ere, -stitī</b>, —— [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, ++ <b>sistō</b>, <i>cause to stand</i>], <i>oppose, resist</i>, with dat. +(<a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-spondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -spōnsus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>in +return</i>, + <b>spondeō</b>, <i>promise</i>], answer, reply (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-vertō, -ere, -ī</b>, ——, or dep. verb <b>re-vertor, +-ī, -sus sum</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + <b>vertō</b>, <i>turn</i>], +<i>turn back, return</i>. Usually active in the perf. system</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>re-vinciō, -īre, -vīnxī, -vīnctus</b> [<b>re-</b>, <i>back</i>, + +<b>vinciō</b>, <i>bind</i>], <i>fasten</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rēx, rēgis</b>, m. [cf. <b>regō</b>, <i>rule</i>], <i>king</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Rhēnus, -ī</b>, m. <i>the Rhine</i>, a river of Germany</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rīpa, -ae</b>, f. <i>bank</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>ask</i>. Cf. <b>petō, postulō, +quaerō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Rōma, -ae</b>, f. <i>Rome</i>. See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Rōmānus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>Rōma</b>, <i>Rome</i>], <i>Roman</i>, +follows its noun. As a noun, m. and f. <i>a Roman</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rosa, -ae</b>, f. <i>rose</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rōstrum, -ī</b>, n. <i>beak</i> of a ship. In plur., <i>the +rostra</i>, the speaker’s stand in the Roman Forum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rota, -ae</b>, f. <i>wheel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Rubicō, -ōnis</b>, m. <i>the Rubicon</i>, a river in northern Italy. +See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rūmor, -ōris</b>, m. <i>report, rumor</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rūrsus</b>, adv. [for <b>reversus</b>, <i>turned back</i>], <i>again, +in turn</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rūs, rūris</b> (locative abl. <b>rūrī</b>, no gen., dat., or abl. +plur.), n. <i>the country</i> (<a href = "#sec501_36">§ 501. +36. 1</a>). Cf. <b>ager, patria, terra</b></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_S">S</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Sabīnus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>Sabine</i>. As a noun, m. and f. <i>a +Sabine</i>. The Sabines were an ancient people of central Italy. See +map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sacrum, -ī</b>, n. [<b>sacer</b>, <i>consecrated</i>], <i>something +consecrated, sacrifice;</i> usually in plur., <i>religious +rites</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>saepe</b>, adv., compared <b>saepius, saepissimē</b>, <i>often, +frequently</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>saevus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>cruel, savage</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sagitta, -ae</b>, f. <i>arrow</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>saliō, -īre, -uī, saltus</b>, <i>jump</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>salūs, -ūtis</b>, f. <i>safety; health</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>salūtem dīcere</b>, <i>send greetings</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>salūs</b>, <i>health</i>], +<i>greet, salute</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>salvē</b>, imv. of <b>salveō</b>, <i>hail, greetings</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sanguis, -inis</b>, m. <i>blood</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">§ 247. 2. <i>a</i></a>]</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sānitās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>sānus</b>, <i>sound</i>], <i>health, +sanity</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sapiēns, -entis</b>, adj. [part. of <b>sapiō</b>, <i>be wise</i>], +<i>wise, sensible</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">326</span> +<a name = "page326"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>satis</b>, adv. and indecl. noun, <i>enough, sufficient, +sufficiently</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>saxum, -ī</b>, n. <i>rock, stone</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>scelus, -eris</b>, n. <i>crime, sin</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>scēptrum, -ī</b>, n. <i>scepter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>schola, -ae</b>, f. <i>school</i>, the higher grades. Cf. +<b>lūdus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>scientia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>sciēns</b>, <i>knowing</i>], <i>skill, +knowledge, science</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>scindō, -ere, scidī, scissus</b>, <i>cut, tear</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</b>, <i>know</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>b</i></a>). Cf. +<b>cognōscō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus</b>, <i>write</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>scūtum, -ī</b>, n. <i>shield, buckler</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sē</b>, see <b>suī</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sēcum</b> = <b>sē</b> + <b>cum</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>secundus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [<b>sequor</b>, <i>follow</i>], +<i>following, next, second; favorable, successful</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>rēs secundae</b>, <i>prosperity</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sed</b>, conj. <i>but, on the contrary</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nōn sōlum ... sed etiam</b>, <i>not only ... but also</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sēdecim</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>sixteen</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessus</b>, <i>sit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>semper</b>, adv. <i>always, forever</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>senātus, -ūs</b>, m. [cf. <b>senex</b>, <i>old</i>], <i>council of +elders, senate</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sentiō, -īre, sēnsī, sēnsus</b>, <i>feel, know, perceive</i> (<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>d</i></a>). Cf. +<b>intellegō</b>, <b>videō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>septem</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>seven</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>septimus, -a, -um</b>, numeral adj. <i>seventh</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sequor, -ī, secūtus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>follow</i> (<a href = +"#sec493">§ 493</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>serpēns, -entis</b>, f. [<b>serpō</b>, <i>crawl</i>], <i>serpent, +snake</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sertae, -ārum</b>, f. plur. <i>wreaths, garlands</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>servitūs, -ūtis</b>, f. [<b>servus</b>, <i>slave</i>], <i>slavery, +servitude</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>save, rescue, keep</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>servus, -ī</b>, m. <i>slave</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sēsē</b>, emphatic for <b>sē</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sex</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>six</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Sextus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Sextus</i>, a Roman first name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sī</b>, conj. <i>if</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sīc</b>, adv. <i>thus, in this way</i>. Cf. <b>ita</b>, +<b>tam</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Sicilia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Sicily</i>. See map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sīc-ut</b>, <i>just as, as if</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>signifer, -erī</b>, m. [<b>signum</b>, <i>standard</i>, + +<b>ferō</b>, <i>bear</i>], <i>standard bearer</i> (<a href = +"#page224">p. 224</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>signum, -ī</b>, n. <i>ensign, standard; signal</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>silva, -ae</b>, f. <i>wood, forest</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>similis, -e</b>, adj., compared <b>similior, simillimus</b>, <i>like, +similar</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec307">§ 307</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>simul</b>, adv. <i>at the same time</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>simul ac</b> or <b>simul atque</b>, conj. <i>as soon as</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sine</b>, prep. with abl. <i>without</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec209">§ 209</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>singulī, -ae, -a</b>, distributive numeral adj. <i>one at a time, +single</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec334">§ 334</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sinister, -tra, -trum</b>, adj. <i>left</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Sinuessa, -ae</b>, f. <i>Sinues´sa</i>, a town in Campania. See +map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sitis, -is</b> (acc. <b>-im</b>, abl. <b>-ī</b>, no plur.), f. +<i>thirst</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>situs, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>sinō</b>, <i>set</i>], +<i>situated, placed, lying</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>socius, socī</b>, m. <i>comrade, ally</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sōl, sōlis</b> (no gen. plur.), m. <i>sun</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>soleō, -ēre, solitus sum</b>, semi-dep. verb, <i>be wont, be +accustomed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sollicitus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>disturbed, anxious</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sōlum</b>, adv. [<b>sōlus</b>, <i>alone</i>], <i>alone, +only</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nōn sōlum ... sed etiam</b>, <i>not only ... but also</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sōlus, -a, -um</b> (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>), adj. <i>alone, +only</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtus</b>, <i>loosen, unbind</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>nāvem solvere</b>, <i>set sail</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<span class = "pagenum rightside">327</span> +<a name = "page327"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>somnus, -ī</b>, m. <i>sleep</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>soror, -ōris</b>, f. <i>sister</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spatium, spatī</b>, n. <i>space, distance; time; +opportunity</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spectāculum, -ī</b>, n. [<b>spectō</b>, <i>look at</i>], <i>show, +spectacle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>look at, witness</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [spēs, <i>hope</i>], <i>hope, expect</i> +(<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>c</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spēs, speī</b>, f. <i>hope</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec273">§ 273. 2</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>splendidē</b>, adv. [<b>splendidus</b>], compared <b>splendidius, +splendidissimē</b>, <i>splendidly, handsomely</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>splendidus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>brilliant, gorgeous, +splendid</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Stabiānus, -a, -um</b>, <i>Stabian</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>stabulum, -ī</b>, n. [cf. <b>stō</b>, <i>stand</i>], <i>standing +place, stable, stall</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>statim</b>, adv. [cf. <b>stō</b>, <i>stand</i>], <i>on the spot, at +once, instantly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>statua, -ae</b>, f. [<b>sistō</b>, <i>place, set</i>], +<i>statue</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus</b> [<b>status</b>, <i>station</i>], +<i>decide, determine</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>stilus, -ī</b>, m. <i>iron pencil, style</i> (<a href = "#page210">p. +210</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>stō, -āre, stetī, status</b>, <i>stand</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>strātus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>sternō</b>, <i>spread</i>], +<i>paved</i> (of streets)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>strepitus, -ūs</b>, m. [<b>strepō</b>, <i>make a noise</i>], +<i>noise, din</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>stringō, -ere, strīnxī, strictus</b>, <i>bind tight; draw, +unsheathe</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>studeō, -ēre, -uī</b>, ——, <i>give attention to, be +eager</i>, with dat. (<a href = "#sec501_14">§ 501.14</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>studium, studī</b>, n. [cf. <b>studeō</b>, <i>be eager for</i>], +<i>eagerness, desire, zeal, devotion</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>stultus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>foolish, stupid</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Stymphālis, -idis</b>, adj. f. <i>Stymphalian, of Stympha´lus</i>, a +lake in southern Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Stymphālus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Stympha´lus</i>, a district of southern +Greece with a town, mountain, and lake, all of the same name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suādeō, -ēre, -sī, -sus</b>, <i>advise, recommend</i>, with subjv. of +purpose (<a href = "#sec501_41">§ 501.41</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sub</b>, prep, with acc. and abl. <i>under, below, up to; at</i> or +<i>to the foot of</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sub-igō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus</b> [<b>sub</b>, <i>under</i>, + +<b>agō</b>, <i>drive</i>], <i>subdue, reduce</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>subitō</b>, adv. [<b>subitus</b>, <i>sudden</i>], +<i>suddenly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sub-sequor, -ī, -secūtus sum</b>, dep. verb [<b>sub</b>, +<i>below</i>, + <b>sequor</b>, <i>follow</i>], <i>follow close after, +follow up</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suc-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus</b> [<b>sub</b>, <i>below</i>, + +<b>cēdō</b>, <i>go</i>], <i>follow, succeed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suī</b>, reflexive pron. <i>of himself (herself, itself, +themselves)</i> (<a href = "#sec480">§ 480</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>sēcum</b> = <b>sē</b> + <b>cum</b>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>sēsē</b>, emphatic form of <b>sē</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sum, esse, fuī, futūrus</b>, irreg. verb, <i>be; exist</i> (<a href = +"#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>summus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree, compared <b>superus, +superior, suprēmus</b> or <b>summus</b> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec312">§ 312</a>), <i>supreme, highest; best, +greatest</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in summō colle</b>, <i>on the top of the hill</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sūmō, -ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus</b>, <i>take up; assume, put +on</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>sūmere supplicium dē</b>, <i>inflict punishment on</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>super</b>, prep. with acc. and abl. <i>over, above</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>superbia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>superbus</b>, <i>proud</i>], <i>pride, +arrogance</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>superbus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>proud, haughty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>superior</b>, comp. of <b>superus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>superus</b>, <i>above</i>], <i>go +over; subdue, overcome; surpass, excel</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>super-sum, -esse, -fuī</b>, ——, <i>be over, survive</i>, +with dat. (<a href = "#sec501_15">§ 501.15</a>)</div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">328</span> +<a name = "page328"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>superus, -a, -um</b>, adj., compared <b>superior, suprēmus</b> or +<b>summus</b>, <i>above, upper</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec312">§ 312</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>supplicium, suppli´cī</b>, n. [<b>supplex</b>, <i>kneeling in +entreaty</i>], <i>punishment, torture</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>supplicium sūmere dē</b>, <i>inflict punishment on</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>supplicium dare</b>, <i>suffer punishment</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>surgō, -ere, surrēxī</b>, —— [<b>sub</b>, <i>from</i> +<i>below</i>, + <b>regō</b>, <i>straighten</i>], <i>rise</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sus-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus</b> [<b>sub</b>, <i>under</i>, + +<b>capiō</b>, <i>take</i>], <i>undertake, assume, begin</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suspicor, -ārī, -ātus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>suspect, surmise, +suppose</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sus-tineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentus</b> [<b>sub</b>, <i>under</i>, + +<b>teneō</b>, <i>hold</i>], <i>hold up, bear, sustain, +withstand</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suus, -a, -um</b>, reflexive possessive adj. and pron., <i>his, her, +hers, its, their, theirs</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec98">§ 98</a>)</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_T">T</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>T.</b>, abbreviation of <b>Titus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>taberna, -ae</b>, f. <i>shop, stall</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tabula, -ae</b>, f. <i>tablet</i> for writing</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tālis, -e</b>, adj. <i>such</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>tālis ... quālis</b>, <i>such ... as</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tam</b>, adv. <i>so, such</i>. Cf. <b>ita, sīc</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tamen</b>, adv. <i>yet, however, nevertheless</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tandem</b>, adv. <i>at length, finally</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctus</b>, <i>touch</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tantum</b>, adv. [<b>tantus</b>], <i>only</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tantus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>so great, such</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>tantus ... quantus</b>, <i>as large as</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tardus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>slow, late; lazy</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Tarpēia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Tarpeia</i> (pronounced <i>Tar-pē´ya</i>), +the maiden who opened the citadel to the Sabines</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Tarquinius, Tarqui´nī</b>, <i>Tarquin</i>, a Roman king. With the +surname <b>Superbus</b>, <i>Tarquin the Proud</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Tarracīna, -ae</b>, f. <i>Tarraci´na</i>, a town in Latium. See +map</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>taurus, -ī</b>, m. <i>bull</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tēctus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>tegō</b>, <i>cover</i>], +<i>covered, protected</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tēlum, -ī</b>, n. <i>weapon</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>temerē</b>, adv. <i>rashly, heedlessly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tempestās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>tempus</b>, <i>time</i>] <i>storm, +tempest</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>templum, -ī</b>, n. <i>temple, shrine</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tempto, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>try, test; make</i> <i>trial of, +attempt</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tempus, -oris</b>, n. <i>time</i> (<a href = "#sec464">§ 464. +2. <i>b</i></a>). <b>in reliquum tempus</b>, <i>for the +future</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>teneō, -ēre, tenuī</b>, ——, <i>hold, keep</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tergum, -ī</b>, n. <i>back</i>, <b>ā tergō</b>, <i>on the</i> +<i>rear</i>, <b>tergum vertere</b>, <i>retreat, flee</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ternī, -ae, -a</b>, distributive numeral adj. <i>three each, by +threes</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec334">§ 334</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>terra, -ae</b>, f. <i>earth, ground, land</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>orbis terrārum</b>, <i>the whole world</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>terror, -ōris</b>, m. [cf. <b>terreō</b>, <i>frighten</i>], <i>dread, +alarm, terror</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tertius, -a, -um</b>, numeral adj. <i>third</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Teutonēs, -um</b>, m. <i>the Teutons</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>theātrum, -ī</b>, n. <i>theater</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Thēbae, -ārum</b>, f. <i>Thebes</i>, a city of Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Thēbānī, -ōrum</b>, m. <i>Thebans</i>, the people of Thebes</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>thermae, -ārum</b>, f. plur. <i>baths</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Thessalia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Thessaly</i>, a district of northern +Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Thrācia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Thrace</i>, a district north of Greece</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Tiberius, Tibe´rī</b>, m. <i>Tiberius</i>, a Roman first name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tībīcen, -īnis</b>, m. [cf. <b>tībia</b>, <i>pipe</i>], <i>piper, +flute player</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>timeō, -ēre, -uī</b>, ——, <i>fear, be afraid of</i>. Cf. +<b>vereor</b></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">329</span> +<a name = "page329"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>timor, -ōris</b>, m. [cf. <b>timeō</b>, <i>fear</i>], <i>fear, dread, +alarm</i>. Cf. <b>metus</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Tīryns, Tīrynthis</b>, f. <i>Ti´ryns</i>, an ancient town in southern +Greece, where Hercules served Eurystheus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>toga, -ae</b>, f. [cf. <b>tegō</b>, <i>cover</i>], <i>toga</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tormentum, -ī</b>, n. <i>engine of war</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>totiēns</b>, adv. <i>so often, so many times</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tōtus, -a, -um</b>, (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>), adj. <i>all, +the whole, entire</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trā-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus</b> [<b>trāns</b>, <i>across</i>, + +<b>dō</b>, <i>deliver</i>], <i>give up, hand over, surrender, +betray</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trā-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus</b> [<b>trāns</b>, <i>across</i>, + +<b>dūcō</b>, <i>lead</i>], <i>lead across</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trahō, -ere, trāxī, trāctus</b>, <i>draw, pull, drag</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>multum trahere</b>, <i>protract, prolong much</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trā-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus</b> [<b>trāns</b>, <i>across</i>, + +<b>iaciō</b>, <i>hurl</i>], <i>throw across; transfix</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trā-nō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>trāns</b>, <i>across</i>, + +<b>nō</b>, <i>swim</i>], <i>swim across</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trāns</b>, prep. with acc. <i>across, over</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec340">§ 340</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trāns-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus</b> [<b>trāns</b>, <i>across</i>, + +<b>eō</b>, <i>go</i>], <i>go across, cross</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec413">§ 413</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trāns-fīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxus</b> [<b>trāns</b>, <i>through</i>, + +<b>fīgō</b>, <i>drive</i>], <i>transfix</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trānsitus</b>, —— (acc. <b>-um</b>, abl. <b>-ū</b>), m. +[cf. <b>trānseō</b>, <i>cross over</i>], <i>passage</i> +<i>across</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trēs, tria</b>, numeral adj. <i>three</i> (<a href = +"#sec479">§ 479</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trīduum, trīduī</b>, n. [<b>trēs</b>, <i>three</i>, + <b>diēs</b>, +<i>days</i>], <i>three days’ time, three days</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trīgintā</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>thirty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>triplex, -icis</b>, adj. <i>threefold, triple</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trīstis, -e</b>, adj. <i>sad; severe, terrible</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trīstitia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>trīstis</b>, <i>sad</i>], <i>sadness, +sorrow</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>triumphus</b>, <i>triumph</i>], +<i>celebrate a triumph</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>triumphus, -ī</b>, m. <i>triumphal procession, triumph</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>triumphum agere</b>, <i>celebrate a triumph</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>cut to pieces, slaughter.</i> Cf. +<b>interficiō, necō, occīdō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tū, tuī</b> (plur. <b>vōs</b>), pers. pron. <i>thou, you</i> (<a href += "#sec480">§ 480</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tuba, -ae</b>, f. <i>trumpet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Tullia, -ae</b>, f. <i>Tullia</i>, a Roman name</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tum</b>, adv. <i>then, at that time</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>turris, -is</b>, f. <i>tower</i> (<a href = +"#sec465">§ 465. 2</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tūtus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>safe</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tuus, -a, -um</b>, possessive adj. and pron. <i>your, yours</i> (<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec98">§ 98</a>)</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_U">U</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ubi</b>, rel. and interrog. adv. <i>where, when</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūllus, -a, -um</b> (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>), adj. +<i>any</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ulterior, -ius, -ōris</b>, adj. in comp. degree, superl. +<b>ultimus</b>, <i>farther, more remote</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ultimus, -a, -um</b>, adj. in superl. degree (see <b>ulterior</b>), +<i>farthest</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>umbra, -ae</b>, f. <i>shade</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>umerus, -ī</b>, m. <i>shoulder</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>umquam</b>, adv. <i>ever, at any time</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūnā</b>, adv. [<b>ūnus</b>, <i>one</i>], <i>in the same place, at the +same time</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūndecimus, -a, -um</b>, numeral adj. [<b>ūnus</b>, <i>one</i>, + +<b>decimus</b>, <i>tenth</i>], <i>eleventh</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>undique</b>, adv. <i>from every quarter, on</i> <i>all sides, +everywhere</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūnus, -a, -um</b> (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>), numeral adj. +<i>one; alone</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>urbs, -is</b>, f. <i>city</i> (<a href = +"#sec465">§ 465. <i>a</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>urgeō, -ēre, ursī</b>, ——, <i>press upon, crowd, hem +in</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūrus, -ī</b>, m. <i>wild ox, urus</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūsque</b>, adv. <i>all the way, even</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūsus, -ūs</b>, m. <i>use, advantage</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">330</span> +<a name = "page330"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ut</b>, conj. with the subjv. <i>that, in order that, that not</i> +(with verbs of fearing), <i>so that, to</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec350">§ 350. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>uter, -tra, -trum</b> (gen. <b>-īus</b>, dat. <b>-ī</b>), interrog. +pron. <i>which of two? which?</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>uterque, utraque, utrumque</b>, indef. pron. <i>each of two, each, +both</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>ab utrāque parte</b>, <i>on both sides</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūtilis, -e</b>, adj. [<b>ūtor</b>, <i>use</i>], <i>useful</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>utrimque</b>, adv. [<b>uterque</b>, <i>each of two</i>], <i>on each +side, on either hand</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ūva, -ae</b>, f. <i>grape, bunch of grapes</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>uxor, -ōris</b>, f. <i>wife</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "latin_V">V</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vāgīna, -ae</b>, <i>sheath, scabbard</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vagor, -ārī, -ātus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>wander</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus</b>, <i>be powerful, be well</i>; in the +imperative as a greeting, <i>farewell</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>plūrimum valēre</b>, <i>have the most power</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>valētūdō, -inis</b>, f. [<b>valeō</b>, <i>be well</i>], +<i>health</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>validus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [cf. <b>valeō</b>, <i>be strong</i>], +<i>strong, able, well</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vallēs, -is</b>, f. <i>valley</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vāllum, -ī</b>, n. <i>rampart, earthworks</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>varius, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>bright-colored</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>vāstus</b>, <i>empty</i>], <i>(make +empty), devastate, lay waste</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vectīgal, -ālis</b>, n. <i>tax, tribute</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vehementer</b>, adv. [<b>vehemēns</b>, <i>eager</i>], compared +<b>vehementius, vehementissimē</b>, <i>eagerly, vehemently</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vehō, -ere, vexī, vectus</b>, <i>convey, carry</i>. In the passive +often in the sense of <i>ride, sail</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vel</b>, conj. <i>or</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>vel ... vel</b>, <i>either ... or</i>. Cf. <b>aut</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vēlōcitās, -ātis</b>, f. [<b>vēlōx</b>, <i>swift</i>], +<i>swiftness</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vēlōx, -ōcis</b>, adj. <i>swift, fleet</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vēlum, -ī</b>, n. <i>sail</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditus</b>, <i>sell</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventus</b>, <i>come, go</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ventus, -ī</b>, m. <i>wind</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>verbum, -ī</b>, n. <i>word</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>verba facere prō</b>, <i>speak in behalf of</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vereor, -ērī, -itus sum</b>, dep. verb, <i>fear; reverence, +respect</i> (<a href = "#sec493">§ 493</a>). Cf. <b>timeō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Vergilius, Vergi´lī</b>, m. <i>Vergil</i>, the poet</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vergō, -ere, ——</b>, ——, <i>turn, +lie</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vērō</b>, adv. [<b>vērus</b>, <i>true</i>], <i>in truth, surely;</i> +conj. <i>but, however</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>tum vērō</b>, <i>then you may be sure</i>, introducing the climax of +a story</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vertō, -ere, -tī, -sus</b>, <i>turn, change</i>.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>tergum vertere</b>, <i>retreat, flee</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vērus, -a, -um</b>, <i>true, actual</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vesper, -erī</b>, m. <i>evening</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vester, -tra, -trum</b>, possessive adj. and pron. <i>your, yours</i> +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec98">§ 98</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vestīgium, vestī´gī</b>, n. [cf. <b>vestīgō</b>, <i>track</i>], +<i>footstep, track, trace</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vestīmentum, -ī</b>, n. [<b>vestis</b>, <i>clothing</i>], +<i>garment</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vestiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus</b> [<b>vestis</b>, <i>clothing</i>], +<i>clothe, dress</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vestis, -is</b>, f. <i>clothing, attire, garment, robe</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vestītus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [part. of <b>vestiō</b>, <i>clothe</i>], +<i>clothed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Vesuvius, Vesu´vi</b>, m. <i>Vesuvius</i>, the volcano near Pompeii. +See map</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>veterānus, -a, -um</b>, adj. <i>old, veteran</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vetō, -āre, -uī, -itus</b>, <i>forbid, prohibit</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>trouble, annoy</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>via, -ae</b>, f. <i>way, road, street; way, manner</i>. Cf. +<b>iter</b></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">331</span> +<a name = "page331"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>viātor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>via</b>], <i>traveler</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>victor, -ōris</b>, m. [<b>vincō</b>, <i>conquer</i>], <i>conqueror, +victor</i>. In apposition, with adj. force <i> victorious</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>victōria, -ae</b>, f. [<b>victor</b>, <i>victor</i>], +<i>victory</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīcus, -ī</b>, m. <i>village</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsus</b>, <i>see, perceive</i>. Pass. <i>be seen; +seem</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec420">§ 420. <i>d</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vigilia, -ae</b>, f. [<b>vigil</b> <i>awake</i>], watch.</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>dē tertia vigilia</b>, <i>about the third watch</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīgintī</b>, indecl. numeral adj. <i>twenty</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīlicus, -ī</b>, m. [<b>vīlla</b>, <i>farm</i>], <i>steward, overseer +of a farm</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīlla, -ae</b>, f. <i>farm, villa</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vinciō, -īre, vīnxī, vīnctus</b>, <i>bind, tie, fetter</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vincō, -ere, vīcī, victus</b>, <i>conquer, defeat, overcome</i>. Cf. +<b>subigō, superō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīnea, -ae</b>, f. <i>shed</i> (<a href = "#page219">p. +219</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīnum, -ī</b>, n. <i>wine</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>violenter</b>, adv. [<b>violentus</b>, <i>violent</i>], compared +<b>violentius, violentissimē</b>, <i>violently, furiously</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vir, virī</b>, m. <i>man, husband; hero</i> (<a href = +"#sec462">§ 462. <i>c</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>virīlis, -e</b>, adj. [vir, <i>man</i>], <i>manly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>virtūs, -ūtis</b>, f. [<b>vir</b>, <i>man</i>], <i>manliness;</i> +<i>courage, valor; virtue</i> (<a href = +"#sec464">§ 464. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīs</b>, (<b>vīs</b>), f. <i>strength, power, might, violence</i> (<a +href = "#sec468">§ 468</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīta, -ae</b>, f. [cf. <b>vīvō</b>, <i>live</i>], <i>life</i>, +<b>vītam agere</b>, <i>spend or pass life</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīto, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>shun, avoid</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīvō, -ere, vīxī</b>, ——, <i>live</i>. Cf. <b>habitō, +incolō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vīvus, -a, -um</b>, adj. [cf. <b>vīvō</b>, <i>live</i>], <i>alive, +living</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vix</b>, adv. <i>scarcely, hardly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b>, <i>call, summon, invite</i>. Cf. +<b>appellō, nōminō</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>volō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus</b>, <i>fly</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>volō, velle, voluī</b>, ——, irreg. verb, <i>will, be +willing; wish</i> (<a href = "#sec497">§ 497</a>). Cf. +<b>cupio</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>volūmen, -inis</b>, n. <i>roll, book</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Vorēnus, -ī</b>, m. <i>Vore´nus</i>, a centurion</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vōs</b>, pers. pron.; <i>you</i> (see <b>tū</b>) (<a href = +"#sec480">§ 480</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vōtum, -ī</b>, n. [neut. part. of <b>voveō</b>, <i>vow</i>], <i>vow, +pledge, prayer</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vōx, vōcis</b>, f. [cf. <b>vocō</b>, <i>call</i>], <i>voice, cry;</i> +<i>word</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus</b> [<b>vulnus</b>, <i>wound</i>], +<i>wound, hurt</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vulnus, -eris</b>, n. <i>wound, injury</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>vulpēs, -īs</b>, f. <i>fox</i></div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "../images/pic331.png" width = "187" height = "186" +alt = "Roman knight on horseback"><br> +<span class = "caption"> +EQUES ROMANUS</span></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">332</span> +<a name = "page332"> </a> + +<h4>ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY</h4> + +<p> +This vocabulary contains only the words used in the English-Latin +exercises. For details not given here, reference may be made to the +Latin-English vocabulary. The figures 1, 2, 3, 4, after verbs indicate +the conjugation.</p> + +<p class = "mylink"> +<a href = "#english_A"> A </a> +<a href = "#english_B"> B </a> +<a href = "#english_C"> C </a> +<a href = "#english_D"> D </a> +<a href = "#english_E"> E </a> +<a href = "#english_F"> F </a> +<a href = "#english_G"> G </a> +<a href = "#english_H"> H </a> +<a href = "#english_I"> I </a> +<a href = "#english_J"> J </a> +<a href = "#english_K"> K </a> +<a href = "#english_L"> L </a> +<a href = "#english_M"> M </a> +<a href = "#english_N"> N </a> +<a href = "#english_O"> O </a> +<a href = "#english_P"> P </a> +<a href = "#english_Q"> Q </a> +<a href = "#english_R"> R </a> +<a href = "#english_S"> S </a> +<a href = "#english_T"> T </a> +<a href = "#english_U"> U </a> +<a href = "#english_V"> V </a> +<a href = "#english_W"> W </a> +<a href = "#english_Y"> Y </a> +<a href = "#english_Z"> Z </a> +</p> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_A">A</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>a, an</b>, <i>commonly not translated</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>able (be)</b>, possum, posse, potuī, ——(<a href = +"#sec495">§ 495</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>abode</b>, domicilium, domici´lī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>about</b> (<i>adv.</i>), circiter</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>about</b> (<i>prep.</i>), dē, <i>with abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>about to</b>, <i>expressed by fut. act. part.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>abundance</b>, cōpia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>across</b>, trāns, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>active</b>, ācer, ācris, ācre</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>advance</b>, prōgredior, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>advantage</b>, ūsus, -ūs, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>advise</b>, moneō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>after</b> (<i>conj</i>.), postquam; <i>often expressed by the perf. +part.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>after</b> (<i>prep.</i>), post, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>against</b>, in, contrā, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>aid</b>, auxilium, auxi´lī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>all</b>, omnis, -e; tōtus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>allow</b>, patior, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ally</b>, socius, socī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>almost</b>, paene; ferē</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>alone</b>, ūnus, -a, -um; sōlus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>already</b>, iam</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>also</b>, quoque</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>always</b>, semper</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ambassador</b>, lēgātus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>among</b>, apud, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ancient</b>, antīquus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>and</b>, et; atque (ac); -que</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>and so</b>, itaque</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Andromeda</b>, Andromeda, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>angry</b>, īrātus, -a, um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>animal</b>, animal, -ālis, <i>n.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>announce</b>, nūntiō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>annoying</b>, molestus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>another</b>, alius, -a, -ud (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec109">§ 109</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>any</b>, ūllus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>any one, anything</b>, quisquam, quicquam <i>or</i> quidquam (<a href += "#sec486">§ 486</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>appearance</b>, fōrma, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>appoint</b>, creō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>approach</b>, adpropinquō, 1, <i>with dat.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>are</b>, <i>used as auxiliary, not translated; as a copula</i>, sum +(<a href = "#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arise</b>, orior, 4</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arm</b>, bracchium, bracchī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>armed</b>, armātus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arms</b>, arma, -ōrum, <i>n. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>army</b>, exercitus, -ūs, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>around</b>, circum, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arrival</b>, adventus, -us, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>arrow</b>, sagitta, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>art of war</b>, rēs mīlitāris</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>as possible</b>, <i>expressed by</i> quam <i>and superl.</i>.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ask</b>, petō, 3; quaerō, 3; rogō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>assail</b>, oppugnō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>at</b>, in, <i>with acc. or abl.; with names of towns, locative case +or abl. without a preposition</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec268">§ 268</a>); <i>time +when, abl.</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">333</span> +<a name = "page333"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>at once</b>, statim</div> + +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>at the beginning of summer</b>, initā +aestāte</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Athens</b>, Athēnae, -ārum, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>attack</b>, impetus, -us, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>attempt</b>, cōnor, 1; temptō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>away from</b>, ā <i>or</i> ab, <i>with abl.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_B">B</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bad</b>, malus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>baggage</b>, impedīmenta, -ōrum, <i>n. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bank</b>, rīpa, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>barbarians</b>, barbarī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>battle</b>, proelium, proelī, <i>n.</i>; pugna, -ae. <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be</b>, sum (<a href = "#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be absent, be far</b>, absum (<a href = +"#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be afraid</b>, timeō, 2; vereor, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be away</b>, absum (<a href = "#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be in command of</b>, praesum, <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"#sec494">§§ 494</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec426">426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be informed</b>, certior fīō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be off, be distant</b>, absum (<a href = +"#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>be without</b>, egeō, <i>with abl.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec180">§ 180</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>beast (wild)</b>, fera, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>beautiful</b>, pulcher, -chra, -chrum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>because</b>, quia; quod</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>because of</b>, propter, <i>with acc.; or abl. of cause</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>before, heretofore</b> (<i>adv.</i>), anteā</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>before</b> (<i>prep.</i>), ante, <i>with acc.</i>;</div> + +<div class = "index idiom"> +prō, <i>with abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>begin</b>, incipiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>believe</b>, crēdō, 3, <i>with dat</i>. (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec153">§ 153</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>belong to</b>, <i>predicate genitive</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec409">§ 409</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>best</b>, optimus, <i>superl. of</i> bonus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>betray</b>, trādō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>better</b>, melior, <i>comp. of</i> bonus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>between</b>, inter, <i>with acc.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>billow</b>, fluctus, -us, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bird</b>, avis, -is, <i>f.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>blood</b>, sanguis, -inis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>body</b>, corpus, -oris. <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bold</b>, audāx, -ācis; fortis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>boldly</b>, audācter; fortiter</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>boldness</b>, audācia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>booty</b>, praeda, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>both, each</b> (<i>of two</i>), uterque, utraque, utrumque</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>both ... and</b>, et ... et</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>boy</b>, puer, -erī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>brave</b>, fortis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bravely</b>, fortiter</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bridge</b>, pōns, pontis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bright</b>, clārus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>bring back</b>, reportō, 1</div> + +<b>bring upon</b>, īnferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus, +<div class = "index word"> +<i>with acc. and dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>brother</b>, frāter, -tris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>building</b>, aedificium, aedifi´cī. <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>burn</b>, cremō, 1; incendō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>business</b>, negōtium, negō´tī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>but, however</b>, autem, sed</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>by</b>, ā, ab, <i>with abl.; denoting means, abl. alone; sometimes +implied in a participle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>by night</b>, noctū</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_C">C</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cæsar</b>, Caesar, -aris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>calamity</b>, calamitās, -ātis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>call</b>, vocō, 1; appellō, 1; nōminō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>call together</b>, convocō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>camp</b>, castra, -ōrum, <i>n. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>can, could</b>, possum, posse, potuī, —— (<a href = +"#sec495">§ 495</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>capture</b>, capiō, 3; occupō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>care</b>, cūra, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>care for</b>, cūrō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>careful</b>, attentus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>carefulness</b>, dīligentia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>carry</b>, ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus (<a href = +"#sec498">§ 498</a>); portō, 1</div> + +<span class = "pagenum">334</span> +<a name = "page334"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>carry on</b>, gerō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cart</b>, carrus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cause</b>, causa, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cavalry</b>, equitātus, -ūs, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cease</b>, cessō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cepheus</b>, Cēpheus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>certain (a)</b>, quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam) (<a href = +"#sec485">§ 485</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>chicken</b>, gallīna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>chief</b>, prīnceps, -cipis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>children</b>, līberī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>choose</b>, dēligō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>choose, elect</b>, creō, 1</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>citizen</b>, cīvis, -is, <i>m. and f.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>city</b>, urbs, urbis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>clear</b>, clārus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cohort</b>, cohors, -rtis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>come</b>, veniō, 4</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>command</b>, imperō, 1, <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec45">§ 45</a>); iubeō, 2; praesum, <i>with +dat.</i> (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>commit</b>, committō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>commonwealth</b>, rēs pūblica, reī pūblicae</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>concerning</b>, dē, <i>with abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>conquer</b>, superō, 1; vincō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>construct</b> (<i>a ditch</i>), perdūcō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>consul</b>, cōnsul, -ulis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>contrary to</b>, contrā, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Corinth</b>, Corinthus, -ī, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cornelia</b>, Cornēlia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Cornelius</b>, Cornēlius, Cornē´li, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>corselet</b>, lōrīca, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cottage</b>, casa, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>country</b>, <i>as distinguished from the city</i>, rūs, rūris, +<i>n.; as territory</i>, fīnēs, -ium, <i>m., plur. of</i> fīnis</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>courage</b>, virtūs, -ūtis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>crime</b>, scelus, -eris, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>cross</b>, trānseō, 4 (<a href = "#sec499">§ 499</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>crown</b>, corōna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_D">D</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>daily</b>, cotīdiē</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>danger</b>, perīculum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>daughter</b>, fīlia, -ae, <i>f.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec67">§ 67</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>day</b>, diēs, -ēī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>daybreak</b>, prīma lūx</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dear</b>, cārus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>death</b>, mors, mortis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>deed</b>, rēs, reī, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>deep</b>, altus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>defeat</b>, calamitās, -ātis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>defend</b>, dēfendō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>delay</b> (<i>Noun</i>), mora, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>delay</b> (<i>verb</i>), moror, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>demand</b>, postulō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dense</b>, dēnsus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>depart</b>, discēdō, 3; exeō, 4; proficīscor, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dependent</b>, cliēns, -entis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>design</b>, cōnsilium, consi´lī <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>desire</b>, cupiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>destroy</b>, dēleō, 2</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Diana</b>, Diāna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>differ</b>, differō, differre, distulī, dīlātus (<a href = +"#sec498">§ 498</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>different</b>, dissimilis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>difficult</b>, difficilis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>difficulty</b>, difficultās, -ātis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>diligence</b>, dīligentia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dinner</b>, cēna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>disaster</b>, calamitās, -ātis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>distant (be)</b>, absum, -esse, āfuī, āfutūrus (<a href = +"#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ditch</b>, fossa, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>do</b>, agō, 3; faciō, 3; <i>when used as auxiliary, not +translated</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>down from</b>, dē, <i>with abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>drag</b>, trahō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>drive</b>, agō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dwell</b>, habitō, 1; incolō, 3; vīvō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>dwelling</b>, aedificium, aedifi´cī, <i>n.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> + +<span class = "pagenum">335</span> +<a name = "page335"> </a> + +<div class = "letterhead"> +<div class = "index word"> +<a name = "english_E">E</a></div></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>each</b>, quisque, quaeque, quidque (quodque) (<a href = +"#sec484">§ 484</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>each of two</b>, uterque, utraque, utrumque</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>each other</b>, inter <i>with acc. of a reflexive</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eager</b>, ācer, ācris, ācre; alacer, alacris, alacre</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eager (be)</b>, studeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eagerness</b>, studium, studī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eagle</b>, aquila, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>easily</b>, facile</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>easy</b>, facilis, -e</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>either ... or</b>, aut ... aut</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>empire</b>, imperium, impe´rī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>employ</b>, negōtium dō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>encourage</b>, hortor, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>enemy</b>, hostis, -is, <i>m. and f.</i>; inimīcus, -ī, +<i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>enough</b>, satis</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>entire</b>, tōtus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>expectation</b>, opīniō, -ōnis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>eye</b>, oculus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_F">F</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>faithless</b>, perfidus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>famous</b>, clārus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>far</b>, longē</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>farmer</b>, agricola, -ae, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>farther</b>, ulterior, -ius</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>father</b>, pater, patris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fatherland</b>, patria, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>favor</b>, faveō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>favorable</b>, idōneus, -a,-um; secundus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fear</b>, metus, -ūs, <i>m.</i>; timor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fear, be afraid</b>, timeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>few</b>, paucī, -ae, -a</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>field</b>, ager, agrī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fifteen</b>, quīndecim</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fight</b>, contendō, 3; pugnō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>find</b>, reperiō, 4</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>finish</b>, cōnficiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fire</b>, ignis, -is, <i>m.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>firmness</b>, cōnstantia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>first</b>, prīmus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>flee</b>, fugiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>flight</b>, fuga, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fly</b>, volō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>foe</b>, see <b>enemy</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>follow close after</b>, subsequor, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>food</b>, cibus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>foot</b>, pēs, pedis, <i>m.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>foot-soldier</b>, pedes, -itis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>for</b> (<i>conj.</i>), enim, nam</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>for</b> (<i>prep.</i>), <i>sign of dat.</i>; dē, prō, <i>with abl.; +to express purpose</i>, ad, <i>with gerundive; implied in acc. of time +and of extent of space</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>for a long time</b>, diū</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>forbid</b>, vetō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>forces</b>, cōpiae, -ārum, <i>f., plur. of</i> cōpia</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>forest</b>, silva, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fort</b>, castellum, -ī, <i>n.</i>; castrum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fortification</b>, mūnitiō, -ōnis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fortify</b>, mūniō, 4</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fortune</b>, fortūna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>fourth</b>, quārtus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>free</b>, līber, -era, -erum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>free, liberate</b>, līberō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frequent</b>, crēber, -bra, -brum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>friend</b>, amīcus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>friendly</b> (<i>adj.</i>), amīcus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>friendly</b> (<i>adv.</i>), amīcē</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>friendship</b>, amīcitia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>frighten</b>, perterreō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>from</b>, ā <i>or</i> ab, dē, ē, ex, <i>with abl. Often expressed by +the separative ablative without a prep.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>from each other</b>, inter, <i>with acc. of a reflexive +pron.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>full</b>, plēnus, -a, -um</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_G">G</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<span class = "pagenum">336</span> +<a name = "page336"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Galba</b>, Galba, -ae, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<i>garland</i>, corōna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>garrison</b>, praesidium, praesi´dī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gate</b>, porta, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Gaul</b>, Gallia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Gaul</b> (<b>a</b>), Gallus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>general</b>, imperātor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Geneva</b>, Genāva, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gentle</b>, lēnis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>German</b>, Germānus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Germans</b> (<b>the</b>), Germānī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur</i>.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Germany</b>, Germānia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>get</b> (<i>dinner</i>), parō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>girl</b>, puella, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>give</b>, dō, dare, dedī, datus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>give over, surrender</b>, dēdō, 3; trādō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>give up</b>, omittō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>go</b>, eō, 4 (<a href = "#sec499">§ 499</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>go forth</b>, prōgredior, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>god</b>, deus, -ī, <i>m.</i> (<a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>goddess</b>, dea, -ae, <i>f.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec67">§ 67</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>gold</b>, aurum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>good</b>, bonus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>grain</b>, frūmentum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>grain supply</b>, rēs frūmentāria</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>great</b>, ingēns, -entis; magnus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>greatest</b>, maximus, -a, -um; summus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>guard</b>, praesidium, praesi´dī, <i>n.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_H">H</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hand</b>, manus, -ūs, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>happy</b>, laetus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>harbor</b>, portus, -ūs, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hasten</b>, contendō, 3; mātūrō, 1; properō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hateful</b>, invīsus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>haughty</b>, superbus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>have</b>, habeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>have no power</b>, nihil possum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>he</b>, is; hic; iste; ille; <i>or not expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>head</b>, caput, -itis, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hear</b>, audiō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>heart</b>, animus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>heavy</b>, gravis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Helvetii</b> (<b>the</b>), Helvētiī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hem in</b>, contineō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hen</b>, gallīna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>her</b>, eius; huius; istīus; illīus; <i>reflexive</i>, suus, -a, -um +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec116">§ 116</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hide</b>, abdō, 3</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>high</b>, altus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>highest</b>, summus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hill</b>, collis, -is, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>himself</b>, suī. See <b>self</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hindrance</b>, impedīmentum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>his</b>, eius; huius; istīus; illīus; <i>reflexive</i>, suus, -a, -um +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec116">§ 116</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hither</b>, citerior, -ius (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">§ 315</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hold</b>, teneō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>home</b>, domus, -ūs, <i>f.</i> (<a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>).</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>at home</b>, domī (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec267">§ 267</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hope</b> (<i>Noun</i>), spēs, speī, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hope</b> (<i>verb</i>), spērō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>horse</b>, equus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>horseman</b>, eques, -itis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hostage</b>, obses, -idis, <i>m. and f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hostile</b>, inimīcus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hour</b>, hōra, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>house</b>, domicilium, domici´lī, <i>n.</i>; domus, -ūs, <i>f.</i> +(<a href = "#sec468">§ 468</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>hurl</b>, iaciō, 3</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_I">I</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>I</b>, ego (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec280">§ 280</a>); +<i>or not expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>if</b>, sī. <b>if not</b>, nisi</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ill</b>, aeger, -gra, -grum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>immediately</b>, statim</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in</b> (<i>of place</i>), in, <i>with abl.; (of time or of +specification) abl. without prep.</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum">337</span> +<a name = "page337"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in order that</b>, ut, <i>with subjv.</i>;</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>in order that not, lest</b>, nē, <i>with subjv.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>in vain</b>, frūstrā</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>industry</b>, dīligentia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inflict injuries upon</b>, iniūriās īnferō <i>with dat.</i> (<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inflict punishment on</b>, supplicium sūmō de</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>inform some one</b>, aliquem certiōrem faciō</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>injure</b>, noceō, 2, <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec153">§ 153</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>injury</b>, iniūria, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>into</b>, in, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>intrust</b>, committō, 3; mandō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>invite</b>, vocō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>is</b>, <i>used as auxiliary, not translated; as a copula</i>, sum +(<a href = "#sec494">§ 494</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>island</b>, īnsula, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>it</b>, is; hie; iste; ille; <i>or not expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Italy</b>, Italia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>its</b>, eius; huius; istīus; illīus; <i>reflexive</i>, suus, -a, -um +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec116">§ 116</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>itself</b>, suī. See <b>self</b></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_J">J</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>join battle</b>, proelium committō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>journey</b>, iter, itineris, <i>n.</i> (<a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>judge</b> (<i>Noun</i>), iūdex, -icis, <i>m.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>judge</b> (<i>verb</i>), iūdicō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Julia</b>, Iūlia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>just now</b>, nūper</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_K">K</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>keep</b>, contineō, 2; prohibeo, 2; teneō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>keep on doing something</b>, <i>expressed by the impf. +indic.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>kill</b>, interficiō, 3; necō, 1 ; occīdō, 3</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>king</b>, rēx, rēgis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>kingdom</b>, rēgnum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>know</b>, cognōscō, 3, <i>in perf</i>.; sciō, 4</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_L">L</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>labor</b> (<i>Noun</i>), labor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>labor</b> (<i>verb</i>), labōrō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lack</b> (<i>Noun</i>), inopia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lack</b> (<i>verb</i>), egeō, 2, <i>with abl.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec180">§ 180</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lady</b>, domina, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lake</b>, lacus, -ūs, <i>m.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec260">§ 260. 2</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>land</b>, terra, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>language</b>, lingua, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>large</b>, ingēns, -entis ; magnus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>larger</b>, maior, maius</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lately</b>, nūper</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Latona</b>, Lātōna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>law</b>, lēx, lēgis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lay waste</b>, vāstō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lead</b>, dūco, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>leader</b>, dux, ducis, <i>m. and f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>learn, know</b>, cognōscō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>leave, depart from</b>, discēdō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>leave behind, abandon</b>, relinquō, 3</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>left</b>, sinister, -tra, -trum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>legion</b>, legiō, -ōnis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>legionaries</b>, legiōnāriī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>length</b>, longitūdō, -inis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lest</b>, nē, <i>with subjv.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>letter</b> (<i>of the alphabet</i>), littera, -ae, <i>f</i>; (<i>an +epistle</i>) litterae, -ārum, <i>f. plur</i>.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>lieutenant</b>, lēgātus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>light</b>, lūx, lūcis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>like</b> (<i>adj.</i>), similis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>like, love</b>, amō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>line of battle</b>, aciēs, aciēī, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>little</b>, parvus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>live</b>, habitō, 1; incolō, 3; vīvō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>long</b>, longus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>long, for a long time</b>, diū</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>long for</b>, dēsīderō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>look after</b>, cūrō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>love</b>, amō, 1</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan = "2"> + +<span class = "pagenum">338</span> +<a name = "page338"> </a> + +<div class = "letterhead"> +<div class = "index word"> +<a name = "english_M">M</a></div></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>maid, maid servant</b>, ancilla, -ae,<i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>make</b>, faciō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>make war upon</b>, bellum īnferō <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>man</b>, homō, -inis, <i>m. and f.</i>; vir, virī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>man-of-war</b>, nāvis longa</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>many</b>, multī, -ae, -a, <i>plur. of</i> multus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>march</b>, iter, itineris, <i>n.</i> (<a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Mark</b>, Mārcus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>marriage</b>, mātrimōnium, mātrimō´nī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>master</b>, dominus, -ī, <i>m.</i>; magīster, -trī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>matter</b>, negōtium, negō´tī, <i>n.</i>; rēs, reī, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>means, by means of</b>, <i>the abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>messenger</b>, nūntius, nūntī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>midnight</b>, media nox</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mile</b>, mīlle passuum (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec331">§ 331. <i>b</i></a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>miles</b>, mīlia passuum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mind</b>, animus, -ī, <i>m.</i>; mēns, mentis, <i>f.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mine</b>, meus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mistress</b>, domina, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>money</b>, pecūnia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>monster</b>, mōnstrum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>month</b>, mēnsis, -is, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>moon</b>, lūna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>more</b> (<i>adj.</i>), plūs, plūris (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec313">§ 313</a>); <i>or a comparative. +Adverb</i>, magis</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>most</b> (<i>adj.</i>), plūrimus, -a, -um; <i>superl. degree. +Adverb</i>, maximē; plūrimum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mother</b>, māter, mātris, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>mountain</b>, mōns, montis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>move</b>, moveō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>moved</b>, commōtus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>much (by)</b>, multō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>multitude</b>, multitūdō, -inis. <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>my</b>, meus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>myself</b>, mē, <i>reflexive</i>. See <b>self</b></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_N">N</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>name</b>, nōmen, -inis, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nation</b>, gēns, gentis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>near</b>, propinquus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nearest</b>, proximus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nearly</b>, ferē</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>neighbor</b>, fīnitimus, -ī, <i>in.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>neighboring</b>, fīinitimus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>neither</b>, neque <i>or</i> nec;</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>neither ... nor</b>, neque (nec) ... neque (nec)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>never</b>, numquam</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nevertheless</b>, tamen</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>new</b>, novus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>next day</b>, postrīdiē eius diēī</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>next to</b>, proximus, -a, -um</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>night</b>, nox, noctis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nine</b>, novem</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>no</b>, minimē; <i>or repeat verb with a negative</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec210">§ 210</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>no, none</b>, nūllus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec109">§ 109</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>no one</b>, nēmō, nūllīus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nor</b>, neque <i>or</i> nec</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>not</b>, nōn</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>not even</b>, nē ... quidem</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>not only ... but also</b>, nōn sōlum ... sed etiam</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>nothing</b>, nihil <i>or</i> nihilum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>now</b>, nunc</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>number</b>, numerus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_O">O</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>obey</b>, pāreō, 2, <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec153">§ 153</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>of</b>, <i>sign of gen.</i>;</div> + +<div class = "index idiom"> +dē, <i>with abl.</i>;</div> + +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>out of</b>, ē <i>or</i> ex, <i>with abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>often</b>, saepe</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>on</b> (<i>of place</i>), in, <i>with abl.</i>;</div> + +<div class = "index idiom"> +(<i>of time</i>) <i>abl. without prep.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>on account of</b>, propter, <i>with acc.; or abl. of cause.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>on all sides</b>, undique</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>once</b> (<i>upon a time</i>), ōlim</div> + +<span class = "pagenum">339</span> +<a name = "page339"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>one</b>, ūnus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>one ... another</b>, alius ... alius (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec110">§ 110</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>only</b> (<i>adv.</i>), sōlum; tantum</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>opportune</b>, opportunus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>opposite</b>, adversus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>oracle</b>, ōrāculum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>orator</b>, ōrātor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>order</b>, imperō, 1; iubeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ornament</b>, ōrnāmentum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>other</b>, alius, -a, -ud (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec109">§ 109</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>others (the)</b>, reliquī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ought</b>, dēbeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>our</b>, noster, -tra, -trum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ourselves</b>, nōs, <i>as reflexive object.</i> See <b>self</b></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>overcome</b>, superō, 1 ; vincō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>own (his, her, its, their)</b>, suus, -a, -um</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_P">P</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>part</b>, pars, partis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>peace</b>, pāx, pācis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>people</b>, populus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Perseus</b>, Perseus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>persuade</b>, persuādeō, 2, <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec153">§ 153</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pitch camp</b>, castra pōnō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>place</b> (<i>Noun</i>), locus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>place, arrange</b>, conlocō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>place, put</b>, pōnō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>place in command</b>, praeficiō, 3, <i>with acc. and dat.</i> (<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plan (a)</b>, cōnsilium, cōnsi´lī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>please</b>, placeō, 2, <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec154">§ 154</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pleasing</b>, grātus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>plow</b>, arō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Pompeii</b>, Pompēiī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>possible (as)</b>, <i>expressed by</i> quam <i>and superl</i>.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>powerful (be)</b>, valeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>praise</b>, laudō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prefer</b>, mālō, mālle, māluī, —— (<a href = +"#sec497">§ 497</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>prepare for</b>, parō, 1, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>press hard</b>, premō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>protection</b>, fidēs, fideī, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>province</b>, prōvincia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>public</b>, pūblicus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Publius</b>, Pūblius, Pūblī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>punishment</b>, poena, -ae, <i>f.</i>; supplicium, suppli´cī, +<i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>purpose, for the purpose of</b>, ut, quī, <i>or</i> quō, <i>with +subjv.</i>;</div> + +<div class = "index idiom"> +ad, <i>with gerund or gerundive;</i> causā, <i>following the genitive of +a gerund or gerundive</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>pursue</b>, īnsequor, 3</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_Q">Q</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>queen</b>, rēgīna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quickly</b>, celeriter</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>quite</b>, <i>expressed by the comp. degree</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_R">R</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rampart</b>, vāllum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rear</b>, novissimum agmen</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>reason</b>, causa, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>receive</b>, accipiō, 3; excipiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>recent</b>, recēns, -entis</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>recently</b>, nūper</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>redoubt</b>, castellum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>refuse</b>, recūsō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>remain</b>, maneō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>remaining</b>, reliquus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>reply</b>, respondeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>report</b> (<i>Noun</i>), fama, -ae, <i>f.</i>; rūmor, -ōris, +<i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>report</b> (<i>verb</i>), adferō; dēferō; referō (<a href = +"#sec498">§ 498</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>republic</b>, rēs pūblica</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>require</b>, postulō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>resist</b>, resistō, 3, <i>with dat.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec154">§ 154</a>)</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rest (the)</b>, reliquī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">340</span> +<a name = "page340"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>restrain</b>, contineō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>retainer</b>, cliēns, -entis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>retreat</b>, pedem referō; terga vertō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>return</b>, redeō, 4; revertor, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>revolution</b>, rēs novae</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Rhine</b>, Rhēnus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>right</b>, dexter, -tra, -trum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>river</b>, flūmen, -inis, <i>n.</i>; fluvius, fluvī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>road</b>, via, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Roman</b>, Rōmānus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Rome</b>, Rōma, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>row</b>, ōrdō, -inis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rule</b>, regō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>rumor</b>, fāma, -ae, <i>f.</i>; rūmor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>run</b>, currō, 3</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_S">S</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sacrifice</b>, sacrum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>safety</b>, salūs, -ūtis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sail</b>, nāvigō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sailor</b>, nauta, -ae, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sake, for the sake of</b>, causā, <i>following a gen.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>same</b>, īdem, eadem, idem (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec287">§ 287</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>savages</b>, barbarī, -ōrum, <i>m. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>save</b>, servō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>say</b>, dīcō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>school</b>, lūdus, -ī, <i>m.</i>; schola, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>scout</b>, explōrātor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sea</b>, mare, -is, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>second</b>, secundus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>see</b>, videō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>seek</b>, petō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>seem</b>, videor, 2, <i>passive of</i> videō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>seize</b>, occupō, 1; rapiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>self</b>, ipse, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec286">§ 286</a>); suī (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec281">§ 281</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>send</b>, mittō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>set fire to</b>, incendō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>set out</b>, proficīscor, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>seven</b>, septem</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Sextus</b>, Sextus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>she</b>, ea; haec; ista; illa (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec115">§ 115</a>); <i>or not expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ship</b>, nāvis, -is, <i>f.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 1</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>short</b>, brevis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>shout</b>, clāmor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>show</b>, dēmōnstrō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>Sicily</b>, Sicilia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sick</b>, aeger, -gra, -grum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>side</b>, latus, -eris, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>siege</b>, obsidiō, -ōnis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>since</b>, cum, <i>with subjv.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec396">§ 396</a>); <i>the abl. abs.</i> (<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec381">§ 381</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sing</b>, canō, 3; cantō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sister</b>, soror, -ōris, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sit</b>, sedeō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>size</b>, magnitūdō, -inis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>skillful</b>, perītus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>slave</b>, servus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>slavery</b>, servitiūs, -ūtis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>slow</b>, tardus, -a, -um</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>small</b>, parvus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>snatch</b>, rapiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>so</b>, ita; sīc; tam</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>so great</b>, tantus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>so that</b>, ut; <b>so that not</b>, ut nōn</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>soldier</b>, mīles, -itis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>some</b>, <i>often not expressed</i>; quis (quī), qua (quae), quid +(quod); aliquī, aliqua, aliquod</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>some one</b>, quis; aliquis (<a href = +"#sec487">§ 487</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>some ... others</b>, aliī ... aliī (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec110">§ 110</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>something</b>, quid; aliquid (<a href = +"#sec487">§ 487</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>son</b>, fīlius, fīlī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>soon</b>, mox</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>space</b>, spatium, spatī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spear</b>, pīlum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spirited</b>, ācer, ācris, ācre; alacer, alacris, alacre</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spring</b>, fōns, fontis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>spur</b>, calcar, -āris, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>stand</b>, stō, 1</div> + +<span class = "pagenum">341</span> +<a name = "page341"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>state</b>, cīvitās, -ātis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>station</b>, conlocō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>steadiness</b>, cōnstantia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>stone</b>, lapis, -idis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>storm</b>, oppugnō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>story</b>, fābula, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>street</b>, via, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>strength</b>, vīs, (vīs), <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>strong</b>, fortis, -e; validus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sturdy</b>, validus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>such</b>, tālis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suddenly</b>, subitō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suffer punishment</b>, supplicium dō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sufficiently</b>, satis</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suitable</b>, idōneus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>summer</b>, aestās, -ātis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sun</b>, sōl, sōlis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>supplies</b>, commeātus, -ūs, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>surrender</b>, trādō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>suspect</b>, suspicor, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>swift</b>, celer, -eris, -ere; vēlōx, -ōcis</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>sword</b>, gladius, gladī, <i>m.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_T">T</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>take, capture</b>, capiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>take part in</b>, intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus, <i>with dat.</i> +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">§ 426</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>take possession of</b>, occupō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tall</b>, altus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>task</b>, opus, operis, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>teach</b>, doceō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>teacher</b>, magister, -trī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tear</b> (<i>Noun</i>), lacrima, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tell</b>, dīcō, 3; nārrō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>ten</b>, decem</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>terrified</b>, perterritus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>terrify</b>, perterreō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>than</b>, quam</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>that</b> (<i>conj. after verbs of saying and the like</i>), <i>not +expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>that</b> (<i>pron.</i>), is; iste; ille</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>that, in order that</b>, <i>in purpose clauses</i>, ut; <i>after +verbs of fearing</i>, nē (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec349">§§ 349</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec366">366</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec372">372</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>that not, lest</b>, <i>in purpose clauses</i>, nē; <i>after verbs of +fearing</i>, ut (<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec349">§§ 349</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec366">366</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec372">372</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>the</b>, <i>not expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>their</b>, <i>gen. plur. of</i> is; <i>reflexive</i>, suus, -a, -um +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec116">§ 116</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>their own</b>, suus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec116">§ 116</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>then, at that time</b>, tum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>then, in the next place</b>, deinde, tum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>there</b>, <i>as expletive, not expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>there, in that place</b>, ibi</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>therefore</b>, itaque</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>they</b>, iī; hī; istī; illī; <i>or not expressed</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>think</b>, arbitror, 1; exīstimō, 1; putō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>third</b>, tertius, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>this</b>, hic, haec, hoc; is, ea, id</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>though</b>, cum. <i>with subjv.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec396">§ 396</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>thousand</b>, mīlle (<a href = "#sec479">§ 479</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>three</b>, trēs, tria (<a href = "#sec479">§ 479</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>through</b>, per, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>thy</b>, tuus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>time</b>, tempus, -oris, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>to</b>, <i>sign of dat.</i>; ad, in, <i>with acc.; expressing +purpose</i>, ut, quī, <i>with subjv.</i>; ad, <i>with gerund or +gerundive</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>to each other</b>, inter, <i>with acc. of a reflexive pron.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>to-day</b>, hodiē</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tooth</b>, dēns, dentis, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>top of</b>, summus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tower</b>, turris, -is, <i>f.</i> (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec243">§ 243. 2</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>town</b>, oppidum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>townsman</b>, oppidānus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trace</b>, vestīgium, vestī´gī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trader</b>, mercātor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>train</b>, exerceō, 2</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tree</b>, arbor, -oris, <i>f.</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">342</span> +<a name = "page342"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>tribe</b>, gēns, gentis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>troops</b>, cōpiae, -ārum, <i>f. plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>true</b>, vērus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>trumpet</b>, tuba, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>try</b>, cōnor, 1; temptō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>twelve</b>, duodecim</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>two</b>, duo, duae, duo (<a href = "#sec479">§ 479</a>)</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_U">U</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>under</b>, sub, <i>with acc. or abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>undertake</b>, suscipiō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>unharmed</b>, incolumis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>unless</b>, nisi</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>unlike</b>, dissimilis, -e</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>unwilling</b> (<b>be</b>), nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, —— (<a +href = "#sec497">§ 497</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>up to</b>, sub, <i>with acc.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>us</b>, nōs, <i>acc. plur. of</i> ego</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_V">V</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>very</b>, <i>superl. degree</i>; maximē; ipse, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec285">§ 285</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>victor</b>, victor, -ōris, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>victory</b>, victōria, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>village</b>, vīcus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>violence</b>, vīs, (vīs), <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>violently</b>, vehementer</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>voice</b>, vōx, vōcis, <i>f.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_W">W</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wage</b>, gerō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wagon</b>, carrus. -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wall</b>, mūrus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>want</b>, inopia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>war</b>, bellum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>watch</b>, vigilia, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>water</b>, aqua, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wave</b>, fluctus, -ūs, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>way</b>, iter, itineris, <i>n.</i> (<a href = +"#sec468">§ 468</a>); via, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>way, manner</b>, modus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>we</b>, nōs, <i>plur. of</i> ego; <i>or not expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>weak</b>, īnfīrmus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>weapons</b>, arma, -ōrum, <i>n. plur.</i>; tēla, -ōrum, <i>n. +plur.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wear</b>, gerō, 3</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>weary</b>, dēfessus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>what</b>, quis (quī), quae, quid (quod) (<a href = +"#sec483">§ 483</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>when</b>, ubi; cum (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec396">§ 396</a>); <i>often expressed by a +participle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>where</b>, ubi</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>which</b>, quī, quae, quod (<a href = "#sec482">§ 482</a>); +<b>which of two</b>, uter, utra, utrum (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>while</b>, <i>expressed by a participle</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>whither</b>, quō</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>who</b> (<i>rel.</i>), quī, quae (<a href = +"#sec482">§ 482</a>); (<i>interrog.</i>) quis (<a href = +"#sec483">§ 483</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>whole</b>, tōtus, -a, -um (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">§ 108</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>whose</b>, cuius; quōrum, quārum, quōrum, <i>gen. of</i> quī, quae, +quod, <i>rel.</i>; <i>or of</i> quis, quid, <i>interrog</i>.</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>why</b>, cūr</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wicked</b>, malus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wide</b>, lātus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>width</b>, lātitūdō, -inis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wild beast</b>, fera, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>willing</b> (<b>be</b>), volō, velle, voluī, —— (<a href += "#sec497">§ 497</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>win</b> (<i>a victory</i>), reportō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wind</b>, ventus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wine</b>, vīnum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wing</b>, cornū, -ūs, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>winter</b>, hiems, -emis, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wisdom</b>, cōnsilium, consi´lī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wish</b>, cupiō, 3; volō, velle, voluī, —— (<a href = +"#sec497">§ 497</a>);</div> +<div class = "index idiom"> +<b>wish not</b>, nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, —— (<a href = +"#sec497">§ 497</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>with</b>, cum, <i>with abl.; sometimes abl. alone</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>withdraw</b>, sē recipere</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>without</b>, sine, <i>with abl.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>woman</b>, fēmina, -ae, <i>f.</i>; mulier, -eris, <i>f.</i></div> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">343</span> +<a name = "page343"> </a> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wonderful</b>, mīrus, -a, -um</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>word</b>, verbum, -ī, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>work</b>, labor, -ōris, <i>m.</i>; opus, -eris, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>worse</b>, peior, peius, <i>comp. of</i> malus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>worst</b>, pessimus, -a, -um, <i>superl. of</i> malus</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wound</b> (<i>Noun</i>), vulnus, -eris, <i>n.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wound</b> (<i>verb</i>), vulnerō, 1</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wreath</b>, corōna, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wretched</b>, miser, -era, -erum</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>wrong</b>, iniūria, -ae, <i>f.</i></div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_Y">Y</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>year</b>, annus, -ī, <i>m.</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>yes</b>, certē; ita; vērō; <i>or, more usually, repeat the verb</i> +(<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec210">§ 210</a>)</div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>yonder (that)</b>, ille, -a, -ud</div> +</td> + +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>you</b>, <i>sing</i>. tū; <i>plur</i>. vōs (<a href = +"#sec480">§ 480</a>); <i>or not</i> <i>expressed</i></div> + +<div class = "index word"> +<b>your</b>, <i>sing</i>. tuus, -a, -um; <i>plur.</i> vester, -tra, +-trum (<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec98">§ 98. <i>b</i></a>)</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "letterhead" colspan = "2"> +<a name = "english_Z">Z</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<div class = "index word"> +<b>zeal</b>, studium, studī, <i>n.</i></div> +</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<span class = "pagenum">344</span> +<a name = "page344"> </a> +<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "index">INDEX</a></h3> + +<p>The numbers in all cases refer to sections.</p> + +<table class = "vocab"> +<tr> +<td class = "half"> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ā</b>-declension of nouns, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec57">57</a>, +<a href = "#sec461">461</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ā</b>-verbs, conjugation of, <a href = "#sec488">488</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ablative</b> case, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec48">48</a>, <a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec50">50</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +absolute, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec381">381</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +after a comparative, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec309">309</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of accompaniment, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec104">104</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of agent, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec181">181</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of cause, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec102">102</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of description, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec444">444</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec445">445</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of manner, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec105">105</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of means or instrument, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec103">103</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of measure of difference, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec317">317</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of place from which, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec179">179</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of place where, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec265">265</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of separation, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec180">180</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of specification, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec398">398</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of time, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec275">275</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>accent</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec14">14</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec16">16</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>accompaniment</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec104">104</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>accusative</b> case, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec33">33</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +as subject of the infinitive, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec214">214</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +object, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec37">37</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of duration and extent, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec336">336</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of place to which, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec263">263</a>, <a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec266">266</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +predicate, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec392">392</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with prepositions, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec340">340</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>adjectives</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec54">54</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec55">55</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +agreement, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec65">65</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +comparison</p> +<p class = "index third"> +regular, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec301">301</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +by adverbs, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec302">302</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +irregular, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec307">307</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">311</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec312">312</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">315</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of comparatives, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec303">303</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of first and second declensions, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec83">83</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec93">93</a>, <a href = +"#sec469">469</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of third declension, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec250">250</a>-<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec257">257</a>, <a href = "#sec471">471</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with the dative, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec143">143</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>adverbs</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec319">319</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +comparison, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec320">320</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">323</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation</p> +<p class = "index third"> +regular, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec320">320</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec321">321</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +irregular, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec322">322</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec323">323</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>agent</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +expressed by the abl. with <i>ā</i> or <i>ab</i>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec181">181</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>agreement</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of adjectives, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec65">65</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec215">215. <i>a</i></a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of appositives, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec81">81</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of predicate nouns, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec76">76</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of relative pronouns, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec224">224</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of verbs, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec28">28</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>aliquis</b>, <a href = "#sec487">487</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>alius</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec108">108</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec110">110</a>, +<a href = "#sec470">470</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>alphabet</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec1">1</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec3">3</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>alter</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec108">108</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec110">110</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>antepenult</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec9">9. 3</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +accent of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec15">15</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>apposition</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec80">80</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec81">81</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>article</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +not used in Latin, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec22">22. <i>a</i></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>base</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec58">58</a></p> +</td><td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>cardinal numerals</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec327">327</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec329">329</a>, <a href = +"#sec478">478</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>case</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec32">32. 2</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>causal clauses</b> with <i>cum</i>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec395">395</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec396">396</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>cause</b>,</p> +<p class = "index second"> +expressed by the abl., <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec102">102</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>characteristic</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +subjv. of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec389">389</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec390">390</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>comparative</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec303">303</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>comparison</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec309">309</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +degrees of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec300">300</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of adjectives, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec300">300</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">315</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +irregular, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">311</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec315">315</a>, <a href = "#sec473">473</a>, <a href += "#sec475">475</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of adverbs</p> +<p class = "index third"> +regular, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec320">320</a>-<a href = +"#sec476">476</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +irregular, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec323">323</a>, <a href = +"#sec477">477</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +positive wanting, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec315">315</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +six adjectives in <i>-lis</i>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec307">307</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>complementary infinitive</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec215">215</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>compound verbs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with the dative, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec425">425</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec426">426</a></p> + +<span class = "pagenum rightside">345</span> +<a name = "page345"> </a> + +<p class = "index first"> +<b>concessive</b> <b>clauses</b> with <i>cum</i>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec395">395</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec396">396</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>conjugation stems</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec184">184</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>conjugations</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +the four regular, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec126">126</a>, <a href = +"#sec488">488</a>-<a href = "#sec491">491</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +irregular, +<a href = "#sec494">494</a>-<a href = "#sec500">500</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>consonants</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec2">2</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>copula</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec21">21</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>cum</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjunction, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec395">395</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>cum</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +preposition, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec209">209</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>dative</b> case, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec43">43</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of indirect object, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec44">44</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec45">45</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of purpose, or end for which, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec437">437</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with adjectives, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec143">143</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with compound verbs, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec426">426</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with special verbs, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec153">153</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>dea</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec67">67</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>declension</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec23">23</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec32">32</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>degree of difference</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +expressed by the abl., <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec317">317</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>demonstrative adjectives and pronouns</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec112">112</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec115">115</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec290">290</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec292">292</a>, <a href = "#sec481">481</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>deponent verbs</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec338">338</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec339">339</a>, <a href = +"#sec493">493</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>descriptive ablative and genitive</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec441">441</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec445">445</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>descriptive relative clause</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with the subjv., +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec389">389</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec390">390</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>deus</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec468">468</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>difference, measure of</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec316">316</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec317">317</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>diphthongs</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec6">6</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>direct statements</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec414">414</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>distributive numerals</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec327">327. 3</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec334">334</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>domī</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +locative, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec267">267</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>domus</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec468">468</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>duo</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec479">479</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>duration</b> of time, expressed by the acc., <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec336">336</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ē</b>-declension of nouns, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec272">272</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec273">273</a>, <a href = +"#sec467">467</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ē</b>-verbs, conjugation of, <a href = "#sec489">489</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ĕ</b>-verbs, conjugation of, <a href = "#sec490">490</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ego</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec280">280</a>, <a href = +"#sec480">480</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>enclitics</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec16">16</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>eō</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec499">499</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>extent</b> of space</p> +<p class = "index second"> +expressed by the acc., <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec336">336</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>fearing</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +subjv. after verbs of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec370">370</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec372">372</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ferō</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec498">498</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>fifth or ē-declension</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec272">272</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec273">273</a>, <a href = +"#sec467">467</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>fīlia</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec67">67</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>fīlius</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec87">87</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec89">89</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>finite verb</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec173">173</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>fīō</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec500">500</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>first conjugation</b>, <a href = "#sec488">488</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>first or ā-declension</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec57">57</a>, +<a href = "#sec461">461</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>fourth conjugation</b>, <a href = "#sec491">491</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>fourth or u-declension</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec259">259</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec260">260</a>, <a href = +"#sec466">466</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>from</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +how expressed, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec178">178</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec181">181</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>future participle</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec374">374. <i>c</i></a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>future perfect</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation of</p> +<p class = "index third"> +active, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec187">187. 3</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +passive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec202">202</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>future tense</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec137">137</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec156">156</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>gender</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in English and in Latin, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec60">60</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in the first declension, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec61">61</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in the second declension, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec72">72</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in the third declension, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec247">247</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in the fourth declension, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec260">260</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in the fifth declension, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec272">272</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>general observations on declension</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec74">74</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>genitive</b> case</p> +<p class = "index second"> +English equivalents of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec33">33</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of description, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec443">443</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec445">445</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of nouns in <i>-ius</i> and <i>-ium</i>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec87">87</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +partitive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec331">331</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +possessive, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec38">38</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec409">409</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>gerund</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +a verbal noun, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec402">402</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec403">403</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>gerundive</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +a verbal adjective, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec404">404</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with <i>ad</i> to express purpose, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec407">407</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>hic</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension and use of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec290">290</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec291">291</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>how to read Latin</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec17">17</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>i</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +consonant, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec3">3</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>i</b>-stems of nouns, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec231">231</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec241">241</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec244">244</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ī</b>-verbs</p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec491">491</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>īdem</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec287">287</a>, <a href = +"#sec481">481</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>iēns</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec472">472</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ille</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension and use of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec290">290</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec293">293</a>, <a href = +"#sec481">481</a></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">346</span> +<a name = "page346"> </a> + +<p class = "index first"> +<b>imperative</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec161">161</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec175">175</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +irregular, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec161">161. 2</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in commands, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec161">161</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>imperfect indicative</b>, formation and use of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec133">133</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec134">134</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec165">165. 1</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>imperfect subjunctive</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec354">354</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>indefinite pronouns and adjectives</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec296">296</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec297">297</a>, +<a href = "#sec484">484</a>-<a href = "#sec487">487</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>independent clauses</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec219">219</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>indirect object</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec44">44</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec45">45</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>indirect questions</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec430">430</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec432">432</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>indirect statements</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec414">414</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec419">419</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>infinitive</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +as object, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec213">213</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +as subject, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec216">216</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +complementary, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec215">215</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +definition of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec173">173</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +does not express purpose, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec352">352</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec126">126</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec174">174</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec205">205</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec206">206</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in indirect statements, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec415">415</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec410">410</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +used as in English, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec213">213</a>-<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec216">216</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>inflection</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec23">23</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>instrument</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec100">100. <i>b</i></a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec103">103</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>intensive pronoun</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +<i>ipse</i>, declension and use of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec285">285</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec286">286</a>, <a href = +"#sec481">481</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>interrogative pronouns and adjectives</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec225">225</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec227">227</a>, <a href = "#sec483">483</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>intransitive verbs</b>,</p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec20">20. <i>a</i></a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with the dative, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec153">153</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>iō-verbs of the third conj.</b>, <a href = "#sec492">492</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ipse</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension and use of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec285">285</a>, <a +href = "#sec481">481</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>irregular adjectives</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec108">108</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>irregular comparison</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of adjectives, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec307">307</a> +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec311">311</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec312">312</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of adverbs, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec323">323</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>irregular nouns</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec67">67</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec246">246</a>, <a href = +"#sec468">468</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>irregular verbs</b>, +<a href = "#sec494">494</a>-<a href = "#sec500">500</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>is</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension and use of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec113">113</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec116">116</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>iste</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension and use of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec290">290</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec292">292</a>, <a href = +"#sec481">481</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>iter</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec468">468</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>Latin word order</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec68">68</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>locative</b> case, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec267">267</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>magis and maximē</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +comparison by, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec302">302</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>mālō</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec4">4</a>.<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec97">97</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>manner</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec105">105</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>means</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec103">103</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>measure of difference</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec316">316</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec317">317</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>mīlle</b>,</p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec479">479</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +construction with, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec331">331. <i>a</i></a>,<i>b</i></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>moods</b>, defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec121">121</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>-ne</b>, enclitic</p> +<p class = "index second"> +in questions, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec210">210</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>nē</b>, conj., <i>that not, lest</i></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with negative clauses of purpose, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec350">350.II</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with verbs of fearing, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec370">370</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>nine irregular adjectives</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec108">108</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec110">110</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>nōlō</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec497">497</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>nominative</b> case, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec35">35</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec36">36</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>nōnne</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +in questions, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec210">210</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>nōs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec280">280</a>, <a href = +"#sec480">480</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>Nouns</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec19">19. 2</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +first declension, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec57">57</a>, <a href = +"#sec461">461</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +second declension, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec71">71</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec74">74</a>,<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec87">87</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec92">92</a>,<a href = "#sec462">462</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +third declension, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec230">230</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec247">247</a>, <a href = "#sec463">463</a>-<a href = +"#sec465">465</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +fourth declension, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec259">259</a>, <a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec260">260</a>, <a href = "#sec466">466</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +fifth declension, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec272">272</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec273">273</a>, +<a href = "#sec467">467</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>num</b>, in questions, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec210">210</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>number</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec24">24</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>numerals</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec327">327</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec334">334</a>, <a href = "#sec478">478</a>, <a href += "#sec479">479</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>o</b>-declension of nouns, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec71">71</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec74">74</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec87">87</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec92">92</a>, <a href = "#sec462">462</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>object</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec20">20</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +direct, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec37">37</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +indirect, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec44">44</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec45">45</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>order of words</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec68">68</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ordinal numerals</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec327">327. 2</a>, +<a href = "#sec478">478</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>participial stem</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec201">201. 2</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>participles</b>, defined, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec203">203</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +agreement of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec204">204</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation,</p> +<p class = "index second"> +<p class = "index third"> +of present, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec374">374. <i>b</i></a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +of perfect, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec201">201</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +of future, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec374">374. <i>c</i>,<i>d</i></a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of deponent verbs, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec375">375</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +tenses of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec376">376</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +translated by a clause, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec377">377</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>partitive genitive</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec330">330</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec331">331</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>passive voice</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec163">163</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec164">164</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec202">202</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>penult</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec9">9. 3</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +accent of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec15">15</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>perfect indicative</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation,</p> +<p class = "index third"> +in the active, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec185">185</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec186">186</a></p> +<p class = "index third"> +in the passive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec202">202</a></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">347</span> +<a name = "page347"> </a> + +<p class = "index second"> +meaning of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec190">190</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +definite, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec190">190</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +indefinite, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec190">190</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +distinguished from the imperfect, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec190">190</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>perfect infinitive</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +active, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec195">195</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +passive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec205">205</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>perfect passive participle</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec201">201</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>perfect stem</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec185">185</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>perfect subjunctive</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +active, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec361">361</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +passive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec362">362</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>person</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec122">122</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>personal endings</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +active, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec122">122</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +passive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec164">164</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>personal pronouns</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec280">280</a>, +<a href = "#sec480">480</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>place</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +where, whither, whence, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec263">263</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec265">265</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +names of towns and <i>domus</i> and <i>rūs</i>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec266">266</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec268">268</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>pluperfect indicative</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +active, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec187">187. 2</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +passive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec202">202</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>pluperfect subjunctive</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +active, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec361">361</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +passive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec363">363</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>plūs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec313">313</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>possessive pronouns</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec97">97</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec98">98</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>possum</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec495">495</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>predicate</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec19">19</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>predicate adjective</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec55">55</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>predicate noun</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec75">75</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec76">76</a></p> + +<p class = "index first"> +<b>prepositions</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with the abl., <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec209">209</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with the acc., <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec340">340</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>present indicative</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec128">128</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec130">130</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec147">147</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>present stem</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec126">126. <i>a</i></a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>present subjunctive</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec344">344</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>primary tenses</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec356">356</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>principal parts</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec183">183</a></p> + +<p class = "index first"> +<b>pronouns</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +classification of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec278">278</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec19">19. 2. <i>a</i></a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +demonstrative, <a href = "#sec481">481</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +indefinite, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec297">297</a>, <a href = +"#sec484">484</a>-<a href = "#sec487">487</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +intensive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec285">285</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec286">286</a>, +<a href = "#sec481">481</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +interrogative, <a href = "#sec483">483</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +personal, <a href = "#sec480">480</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +possessive, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec97">97</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec98">98</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +reflexive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec281">281</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +relative, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec220">220</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec221">221</a></p> + +<p class = "index first"> +<b>pronunciation</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec4">4</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec7">7</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>prōsum</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec496">496</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>purpose</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +dative of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec436">436</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec437">437</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +expressed by the gerund or gerundive with <i>ad</i>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec407">407</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +not expressed by the infinitive, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec352">352</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +subjunctive of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec348">348</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec350">350</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec365">365</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec367">367</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quality</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +gen. or abl. of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec441">441</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec445">445</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quam</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +with a comparative, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec308">308</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quantity</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec11">11</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec13">13</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>questions</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +direct, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec210">210</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +indirect, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec430">430</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec432">432</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quī</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension and use of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec220">220</a>,<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec221">221</a>, <a href = +"#sec482">482</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quīdam</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec485">485</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quis</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension and use of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec225">225</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec227">227</a>, <a href = +"#sec483">483</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quisquam</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec486">486</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>quisque</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec484">484</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>reflexive pronouns</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec281">281</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>relative clauses of characteristic or description</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec389">389</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec390">390</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>relative clauses of purpose</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec348">348</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec349">349</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>relative pronouns</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec220">220</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec221">221</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>result clauses</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec384">384</a>-<a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec387">387</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>reviews</b>, +<a href = "#sec502">502</a>-<a href = "#sec528">528</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>rūs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +constructions of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec266">266</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>sē</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +distinguished from <i>ipse</i>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec285">285. <i>a</i></a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>second conjugation</b>, <a href = "#sec489">489</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>second or o-declension</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec71">71</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec93">93</a>, <a href = "#sec462">462</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>sentences</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +simple, complex, compound, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec219">219</a></p> + +<p class = "index first"> +<b>separation</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec180">180</a></p> + +<p class = "index first"> +<b>separative ablative</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec178">178</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec181">181</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>sequence of tenses</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec356">356</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec358">358</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>space</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +extent of, expressed by the acc., <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec336">336</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>specification</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec398">398</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>stems</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of nouns, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec230">230</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of verbs, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec184">184</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>subject</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec19">19. 2</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of the infinitive, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec213">213</a>, <a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec214">214</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>subjunctive</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +formation of the present, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec344">344</a></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">348</span> +<a name = "page348"> </a> + +<p class = "index second"> +of the imperfect, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec354">354</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of the perfect, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec361">361</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec362">362</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of the pluperfect, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec361">361. <i>c</i></a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec363">363</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>subjunctive constructions</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +characteristic or description, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec389">389</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec390">390</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +indirect questions, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec430">430</a>-<a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec432">432</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +purpose, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec349">349</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec366">366</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec372">372</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +result, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec385">385</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec386">386</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +time, cause, or concession, with <i>cum</i>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec395">395</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec396">396</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>subjunctive ideas</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec346">346</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>subjunctive tenses</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec342">342</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec343">343</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>subordinate clauses</b>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec219">219</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>suī</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec281">281</a>, <a href = +"#sec480">480</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>sum</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec494">494</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>suus</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +use of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec98">98. <i>c</i></a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec116">116</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>syllables</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec8">8</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +division of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec9">9</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +quantity of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec13">13</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>syntax</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +rules of, <a href = "#sec501">501</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>temporal clauses</b> with <i>cum</i>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec395">395</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec396">396</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>tense</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec120">120</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>tense signs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +imperfect, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec133">133</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +future, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec137">137</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec156">156</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +pluperfect active, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec187">187. 2</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +future perfect active, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec187">187. 3</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>tenses</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +primary and secondary, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec356">356</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +sequence of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec357">357</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec358">358</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>third conjugation</b>, +<a href = "#sec490">490</a>, <a href = "#sec492">492</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>third declension of nouns</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +classes, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec231">231</a>, <a href = +"#sec463">463</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +consonant stems, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec232">232</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec238">238</a>, <a href = "#sec464">464</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +gender, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec247">247</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +i-stems, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec241">241</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec244">244</a>, <a href = "#sec465">465</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +irregular nouns, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec246">246</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>time</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +abl. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec275">275</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>time</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +acc. of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec336">336</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>towns</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +rules for names of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec266">266</a>, <a href += "LatinBegin1.html#sec267">267</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec268">268</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>transitive verb</b>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec20">20. <i>a</i></a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>trēs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec479">479</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>tū</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec280">280</a>, <a href = +"#sec480">480</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>tuus</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +compared with <i>vester</i>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec98">98</a>. +<i>b</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>u</b>-declension of nouns, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec259">259</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec260">260</a>, <a href = +"#sec466">466</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>ultima</b>, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec9">9. 3</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>verbs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +agreement of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec28">28</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec126">126</a>, <a href = +"#sec488">488</a>-<a href = "#sec491">491</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +deponent, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec338">338</a>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec339">339</a>, +<a href = "#sec493">493</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +irregular, +<a href = "#sec494">494</a>-<a href = "#sec500">500</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +personal endings of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec122">122</a>, <a +href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec164">164</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +principal parts of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec183">183</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>vester</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +compared with <i>tuus</i>, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec98">98. <i>b</i></a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>vīs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, <a href = "#sec468">468</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>vocabularies</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +English-Latin, pp. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec332">332</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec343">343</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +Latin-English, pp. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec299">299</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec331">331</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +special, pp. +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec283">283</a>-<a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec298">298</a></p> +</td> +<td> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>vocative</b> case, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec56">56. <i>a</i></a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of nouns in <i>-us</i> of the second declension, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec73">73. <i>b</i></a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +of proper nouns in <i>-ius</i> and of <i>fīlius</i>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec88">88</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>voice</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +defined, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec163">163</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>volō</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +conjugation of, <a href = "#sec497">497</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>vōs</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +declension of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec280">280</a>, <a href = +"#sec480">480</a></p> +<p class = "index first"> +<b>vowels</b></p> +<p class = "index second"> +sounds of, +<a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec5">5</a>, <a href = +"LatinBegin1.html#sec6">6</a></p> +<p class = "index second"> +quantity of, <a href = "LatinBegin1.html#sec12">12</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +</body> +</html> |