65 files changed, 15362 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/18217-8.txt b/18217-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b31e787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4875 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Chambers's Elementary Science Readers, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chambers's Elementary Science Readers
+       Book I
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: William Chambers
+         Robert Chambers
+
+Release Date: April 20, 2006 [EBook #18217]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: 'Here comes the big black hen.' Page 85.]
+
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S
+ELEMENTARY
+SCIENCE READERS
+
+
+BOOK I.
+
+
+WITH OBJECT LESSONS
+AND
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+LONDON: 38 Soho Square, W.
+W. & R. CHAMBERS, LIMITED
+EDINBURGH: 339 High Street
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY SCIENCE READERS.
+
+With Object Lessons and Attractive Illustrations.
+
+    Book   I. for Standard   I. 140 pages. Price 9d.
+    Book  II. for Standard  II. 148 pages. Price 10d.
+    Book III. for Standard III. 196 pages. Price 1s.
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S OBJECT LESSON MANUALS.
+
+With Lists of Apparatus, Numerous Illustrations, and Blackboard
+Summaries.
+
+    BOOKS I., II., and III. Price 1s. 6d. each.
+    Complete in One Volume, price 3s. 6d.
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S OBJECT LESSON SHEETS.
+
+A Series of Twenty-one Illustrative Diagrams for Standards I., II., and
+III.
+
+Printed in Black and White on Stout Manilla Paper, size 29 by 23 inches.
+Strongly mounted on Roller, 12s. 6d. per Set. Separate sheets can also
+be had, 6d. each; or Eyeletted, 7d. each.
+
+W. & R. CHAMBERS, LIMITED, LONDON AND EDINBURGH.
+
+P. 1912.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+(The Titles of Poetical Pieces are in _Italics_.)
+
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+The Cat--Part 1                                                        7
+  "        "  2                                                        9
+The Dog                                                               12
+Buttercups                                                            15
+_Daisies and Buttercups_                                              19
+Wheat--Part 1                                                         20
+ "      "   2                                                         23
+Slate--Part 1                                                         26
+ "       "  2                                                         29
+Chalk--Part 1                                                         31
+ "       "  2                                                         34
+The Mouse                                                             36
+_The Field-Mouse_                                                     39
+The Rabbit                                                            41
+Ivy                                                                   43
+A Tree                                                                47
+Bricks                                                                50
+A Donkey                                                              53
+Sheep                                                                 55
+_The Sheep_                                                           58
+Turnips                                                               59
+Green Peas--Part 1                                                    62
+ "           "   2                                                    65
+Iron and Metal                                                        67
+_The Fairy Ring_                                                      70
+Needles--Part 1                                                       71
+  "        "  2                                                       73
+  "        "  3                                                       75
+  "        "  4                                                       78
+The Knife                                                             80
+The Hen                                                               83
+The Sparrow                                                           86
+_A Day in the Country_                                                88
+Some Herbs                                                            90
+Coffee                                                                93
+Paper                                                                 96
+A Fly                                                                 99
+The Wasp                                                             102
+The Sunflower                                                        104
+Merry Workers                                                        107
+The Rose                                                             108
+Wood                                                                 111
+Coal--Part 1                                                         113
+  "     "  2                                                         116
+Fire                                                                 119
+
+
+OBJECT LESSONS.
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+
+The Cat                                                              121
+The Dog                                                              122
+Buttercups                                                           122
+Wheat                                                                123
+Slate                                                                124
+Chalk                                                                124
+The Mouse                                                            125
+The Rabbit                                                           125
+Ivy                                                                  126
+A Tree                                                               127
+Bricks                                                               127
+The Donkey                                                           128
+Sheep                                                                129
+Turnips                                                              129
+Green Peas                                                           130
+Iron and Metal                                                       130
+Needles                                                              131
+The Knife                                                            132
+The Hen                                                              133
+The Sparrow                                                          133
+Herbs                                                                134
+Coffee                                                               134
+Paper                                                                135
+The Fly                                                              136
+The Wasp                                                             136
+The Sunflower                                                        137
+The Rose                                                             138
+Wood                                                                 138
+Coal                                                                 139
+Fire                                                                 140
+
+
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S SCIENCE READERS.
+
+BOOK I.
+
+[Illustration: He sat down on the rug with her.]
+
+
+
+
+THE CAT.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    walk´-ing
+    watched
+    ground
+    shak´-ing
+    thought
+    stroked
+    fore´-paws
+    toes
+    knew
+    smooth
+    yawn
+    stretched
+    sheaths
+    won´-der
+    mis-take´
+    claw
+
+1. Pussy came walking along the garden-path. Harry watched her, and saw
+that she did not like the damp ground.
+
+2. She jumped over the pools, and then began to run, shaking her paws
+as she got to the house.
+
+3. 'Now, a dog does not mind wet feet,' Harry thought; 'he will go into
+the water, but Pussy will never go into the water.
+
+4. 'She does not even use water to wash herself. Come here, Pussy! You
+don't like to wet your nice fur, do you?'
+
+5. As Harry was always kind to pussy, she let him pick her up and carry
+her into the house.
+
+6. He sat down on the rug with her, and stroked her glossy back. One of
+her fore-paws rested on his hand, and he began to look at it.
+
+7. 'Here are five toes,' he said, 'but what funny toes they are!' He
+gently turned the paw over, and saw the sharp nails drawn in under the
+fur.
+
+8. The cat knew that he would not hurt her, so she kept her claws in,
+and let him feel them on the outside.
+
+9. He found under the paw a soft smooth pad. 'Now I know how it is that
+she can walk so softly!' he said. 'This must help her to walk in that
+way.'
+
+10. Here pussy gave a great yawn, and stretched out both her paws, claws
+and all. Harry saw the sharp nails like hooks, and watched them go back
+into their sheaths. Then she curled herself up on his lap.
+
+11. He took hold of one of her hind-feet, and found only four toes upon
+it. 'I wonder if this is a mistake,' he said, 'or if the other one is
+the same.' Yes, it was just the same: there were four toes, with a claw
+at the end of each.
+
+[Illustration: Cat's Paw.]
+
+
+
+
+THE CAT
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    knives
+    bot´-tom
+    should
+    tear´-ing
+    poured
+    clean
+    sauc´-er
+    tongue
+    touch
+    rough
+    kit´-chen
+    cous´-ins
+    coun´-tries
+    peo´-ple
+    thought
+    be-lieve´
+
+1. 'What long sharp teeth she has got!' cried Harry, as pussy sat up
+and opened her mouth. 'They look like knives. There are two at the top,
+and two at the bottom!
+
+2. 'I should not like my finger to be in the way when you shut your
+mouth. Your teeth must be for tearing and cutting: I am sure you do not
+chew your food as I have to do.
+
+3. 'And what a way you have of drinking!
+
+'Here, pussy, would you like some milk?' said Harry, and getting up, he
+poured a little milk into a clean saucer.
+
+4. The cat ran to it, and Harry went down on the floor close by to watch
+her drinking it.
+
+5. He saw that pussy's tongue was not smooth like his own, but had tiny
+points all over it. It came into his mind that she had once licked his
+face, and her tongue had a 'scrapy' feeling.
+
+6. 'Do it again, pussy, dear,' he said, but she went on lapping up the
+milk.
+
+'May I touch your tongue, then, with one of my fingers?'
+
+7. But pussy did not like this. Then Harry took a drop or two of the
+milk into the palm of his hand. And when the cat had taken all she had
+in the saucer, she came and licked up the milk in his hand.
+
+8. She went on licking even when all was gone, and Harry was able in
+this way to feel how rough her tongue was.
+
+9. Just then his mother came into the kitchen, and Harry told her what
+he had been doing.
+
+She asked:
+
+'Have you looked at pussy's eyes?'
+
+10. 'They are funny eyes,' he said; 'they are green, but there is not
+much of them to be seen.'
+
+'Not just now,' said his mother, 'but she can open them wide when she
+likes. Then she can see even in the dark.'
+
+11. 'In the dark, mother? Well, she is not a bit like me!'
+
+'No, she is not like you. But she has plenty of cousins. Her cousins are
+the big lions and tigers, that live in hot countries, and eat sheep and
+horses, and even people when they can get them.'
+
+12. Harry thought a little, and then said: 'If I were as small as pussy
+is now, and if pussy were as big as I am now, I believe she would eat
+me!'
+
+
+
+
+THE DOG.
+
+
+    fol´-lowed
+    moth´-er
+    hun´-gry
+    lone´-ly
+    win´-dow
+    noise
+    la´-zy
+    be-cause´
+    watched
+    friend
+    bur´-ied
+    e-nough´
+    Ber´-nard
+    shep´-herd
+    wrong
+    talk´-ing
+
+1. A poor lost dog followed Harry and his little sister home from
+school, and tried to come into the house.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+2. They shut the door; but, when they opened it again, the dog was still
+there.
+
+3. He looked so sad that they begged their mother to give him some food.
+Then they said: 'We can't turn him out again to be hungry and lonely!
+Let us keep him till some one comes for him.' And very soon all three
+were happy at play in the garden.
+
+4. The cat sat up on a window-sill, and looked at them. She did not seem
+to like the fun. What a noise they all made!
+
+5. 'How much nicer he is to play with than pussy!' said Dora. 'He is not
+nearly so lazy as pussy.
+
+6. 'Look, he is wagging his tail with joy! Now, if pussy wags her tail,
+it means that she is cross. But I think I like her round face better
+than his sharp one.'
+
+7. 'I don't,' said Harry. 'See how bright he is, and how he looks as if
+he would like to do something for us!'
+
+8. 'That is because we have been kind to him. Hi, good dog!' and Dora
+threw her ball to the very end of the garden, and watched her new friend
+run after it.
+
+9. 'Do you think, Harry,' she asked, 'that he would save us if we were
+buried in the snow?'
+
+[Illustration: St Bernard Dog.]
+
+'No, he is not a dog of that kind, and is not big enough. The big St
+Bernard dogs save people when they are lost in the snow.
+
+10. 'But all dogs are good for something. Look at the shepherd's dog.'
+
+'What can he do?'
+
+11. 'Oh, he is a wise fellow! He knows just where his master means the
+sheep to go, and, if they go the wrong way, he turns them back, and
+never hurts one of them. Why, the shepherd does nothing but walk on,
+telling the dog now and again what to do.'
+
+[Illustration: The Sheep Dog.]
+
+12. Here a dog barked on the road outside, and the dog in the garden
+pricked up his ears and barked too.
+
+'They are talking to each other,' said Dora.
+
+
+
+
+BUTTERCUPS.
+
+
+    chil´-dren
+    flow´-ers
+    dai´-sy
+    chains
+    hun´-gry
+    bas´-ket
+    ought
+    but´-ter
+    piec´-es
+    hair´-y
+    yel´-low
+    threads
+    mid´-dle
+    break
+    leaves
+    seeds
+
+1. One day the children were out in the fields, running races, picking
+flowers, and making daisy-chains!
+
+2. When they began to feel tired and hungry, they got milk and cake out
+of mother's basket, and had a long rest on the dry, warm grass.
+
+3. 'How these buttercups shine!' said Dora; 'they look like gold!'
+
+'Gold-cups, they ought to be called, not butter-cups,' said Harry. 'They
+look like cups, don't they?'
+
+4. 'But they would not hold water like real cups. Look at this one; it
+is in five pieces.'
+
+5. 'Five? Oh yes! And look underneath. There is another sort of cup with
+five leaves in it.'
+
+'Only it is not bright and golden, but green and hairy.'
+
+6. 'Now, you found that out, and I found the five yellow leaves. It is
+my turn again. I can see yellow threads standing up in a ring all round
+the middle of the cup, and their tops are thick.'
+
+7. 'It is my turn now! In the very middle there is a green heap. It
+looks as if the yellow threads were taking care of it.'
+
+'Oh, the heap is all made up of little round things! Look, I can pull it
+to pieces.'
+
+[Illustration: Butter-cup.]
+
+8. 'So can I,' said Harry; 'here is one, here is another! They are not
+round after all, do you see? Each is round at the bottom, but has a
+little bent horn at the top.'
+
+9. 'They must be seeds. I will break one open. Oh no! Just look, there
+is a little ball inside. Have you found a ball in yours?'
+
+'Yes, there is a ball in every one. It must be a seed, or a little egg.'
+
+10. 'Birds have eggs,' said Dora, 'plants have seeds.'
+
+'Well, it is all the same thing,' said Harry.
+
+'I think the green thing with a horn is only a case to take care of the
+seed.'
+
+11. 'All these things seem to take care of each other. First, the green
+leaves at the back take care of the yellow cup.'
+
+'And the yellow cup takes care of the yellow threads.'
+
+'And the yellow threads take care of the green cases.'
+
+'And the green cases take care of the seeds.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+DAISIES AND BUTTERCUPS.
+
+[Illustration: Daisies.]
+
+
+    mead´-ows
+    stalk
+    cov´-ered
+    yel´-low
+    maid´-en
+    light´-ly
+    ten´-der
+    tread
+    win´-ter
+    cun´-ning
+    dai´-sy
+    straight
+    ground
+    chil´-dren
+    moss´-y
+    but´-ter
+
+
+                    I.
+
+    1.  I'm a pretty little thing,
+        Always coming with the spring;
+        In the meadows green I'm found,
+        Peeping just above the ground.
+        And my stalk is covered flat
+        With a white and yellow hat.
+
+    2.  Little maiden, when you pass
+        Lightly o'er the tender grass,
+        Step aside and do not tread
+        On my meek and lowly head;
+        For I always seem to say,
+        'Chilly winter's gone away.'
+
+
+                    II.
+
+    1.  I'm a cunning little thing,
+        Coming also with the spring.
+        Near the daisy I am found,
+        Standing straight above the ground;
+        And my head is covered flat
+        With a glossy, yellow hat.
+
+    2.  Little children, when you pass
+        Through the tall and waving grass,
+        Do not pluck, but gently tread
+        Near my low and mossy bed;
+        For I always seem to say,
+        'Milk and butter fresh to-day.'
+
+
+
+
+WHEAT.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    field
+    fa´-ther
+    wheat
+    plough
+    bas´-ket
+    watched
+    threw
+    har´-row
+    grains
+    east
+    morn´-ing
+    earth
+    joints
+    be-lieve´
+    for´-est
+    stalks
+
+1. There was a very little field at the bottom of the garden, and father
+made up his mind to grow wheat in it.
+
+2. A friend kindly lent him a horse and plough, and the soil was quickly
+turned over. A few days afterwards the seed was sown.
+
+3. The children helped to do this.
+
+They got up very early one morning and went out with their father. Harry
+had a bag full of wheat, and Dora had a little basket.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+4. They watched what their father did, then dipped their hands into the
+wheat, and threw it out over the earth.
+
+5. After that, the horse came again with a harrow, to cover the seed
+over with soil, and it was left to grow.
+
+6. It seemed strange to think that those little hard grains would grow
+up to be tall plants and have other grains upon them.
+
+7. 'I hope we shall have some nice soft rain,' said father, as they left
+the field.
+
+8. Many days went by, rain came again and again. There was sunshine,
+too; but sometimes the east winds blew.
+
+9. Dora and Harry went out every morning to look at the field. But they
+always came in saying that there was nothing but brown earth to be seen.
+
+10. At last, one morning they came in running and jumping. 'Our wheat is
+up! There are tiny green leaves all over the field!'
+
+11. After this there was always something fresh to see. The wheat-plants
+grew taller, and put out long leaves.
+
+12. Dora said one day that they looked like grass, and her mother told
+her that wheat was a large kind of grass.
+
+'Look at the shape of the leaves,' she said, 'and the joints in the
+stems.'
+
+13. The wheat soon grew so tall that it stood above the heads of the
+children. They used to go in among it, and make believe that they were
+lost in a great forest.
+
+14. One day, when they were lost like this, they saw that the tops of
+the stalks had opened. Inside there were green stems with green ears
+upon them.
+
+
+
+
+WHEAT.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    heard
+    talk´-ing
+    har´-vest
+    sup´-per
+    seemed
+    sur-prise´
+    rail´-way
+    heav´-y
+    truck
+    mean
+    flour
+    lis´-ten
+    han´-dle
+    min´-utes
+    treat
+    tea
+
+1. Every day the ears grew larger and harder, and then they began to
+look yellow.
+
+2. The children, too, heard their father and mother talking about their
+golden grain, and saying it was ripe.
+
+3. At last, one very hot day, they found that the time had come to cut
+the wheat. A kind friend came to help, and Harry and Dora and the new
+dog jumped about and ran in and out, and thought that they helped too.
+
+4. The children talked much about their harvest, and mother made them a
+harvest-supper. What a day it was!
+
+5. It seemed so odd to have a bin full of grain just like the grain they
+had sown in the spring.
+
+6. And now there was a great surprise for them. A railway-man came with
+a heavy box on a truck, and when the box was opened, what do you think
+there was inside?
+
+A mill--a fine new wheat-mill!
+
+7. 'We do not need now to go to the miller!' said mother, looking very
+glad. 'We are going to have a miller in our own house--no, two millers,
+I ought to say!'
+
+8. 'Two millers!' cried Harry.
+
+'Do you mean Harry and me?' asked Dora.
+
+'Yes, my dear children, I mean you. You are going to be my dusty
+millers!
+
+9. 'I will show you how much you are to grind, just a little every day.
+You must put it into this big red pan, and cover it up, and when I want
+to bake I shall always have plenty of flour ready.
+
+10. 'And listen! You shall have a penny each every week for doing the
+work.'
+
+At this Dora and Harry jumped for joy, clapped their hands, and ran to
+their mother to hug her.
+
+11. Then she put some of the wheat into the mill, took hold of the
+handle, and made the wheel go round. Harry next took his turn, and Dora
+hers, and in a few minutes they found in the box below a heap of nice
+soft flour.
+
+12. 'Now,' said mother, 'let us give father a treat when he comes home!
+We will make some nice cakes with this flour, and have them for tea!
+Grind a little more, dear millers, while I make up the fire.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+SLATE.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    rid´-dle
+    ex-act´-ly
+    guessed
+    won´-der
+    bought
+    Sat´-ur-day
+    sup-pose´
+    fin´-gers
+    met´-al
+    smooth
+    re-mem´-ber
+    piece
+
+1. 'What is the oldest thing in this room?' asked the mother one day.
+
+'Is this a riddle?'
+
+'No, not exactly.'
+
+2. Dora guessed one thing, and Harry another, and at last they gave up
+guessing. 'Unless,' said Harry, 'it is the fender, or the poker.'
+
+3. 'It is very likely that the thing you were drawing on just now is
+older than any of those.'
+
+4. 'That slate? Why, mother!' cried the children, opening their eyes
+wide with wonder, 'you bought it only last Saturday!'
+
+'So I did. But it was not made last Saturday.'
+
+5. 'No, I suppose the man cut it, and made the frame, and fixed it on
+before that.'
+
+'Perhaps on Friday,' said Dora.
+
+6. 'But the slate itself,' the mother went on, 'where did that come
+from? Did the man make it?'
+
+Harry and Dora looked well at it, turned it over, rubbed their fingers
+on it, and said they did not know.
+
+7. 'Well, would you say it is like wood, or like stone, or is it metal
+like the poker? Is it a kind of wood, do you think? Did it ever grow?'
+
+'I think it must be a sort of rock, or stone,' said Harry, 'only very
+smooth and thin.'
+
+8. 'The man who worked at it before it came to the shop made it smooth
+and cut it thin. It was not smooth and thin at first. But you are quite
+right; it is a sort of stone.'
+
+[Illustration: A Slate Quarry]
+
+9. 'It is as cold as a stone,' said Dora, putting it against her face.
+'Do you remember, Harry, how cold our hands were in winter when we did
+sums? Yes, and it is very hard. I am sure it is a piece of rock.'
+
+
+
+
+SLATE.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    should
+    laughed
+    high´-er
+    thought
+    laugh´-ing
+    pur´-pose
+    prop´-er-ly
+    please
+    set´-tled
+    hap´-pened
+    deal
+    dead
+    weighted
+    through
+    heaved
+    brok´-en
+
+1. 'I should like to see a rock all made of slate! Have you ever seen
+one, mother?'
+
+'Yes, many, dear. But there are none near.' Then she laughed a little.
+'But if you like to go just outside the door you will see rows and rows
+of slates.'
+
+2. Out they ran, looked all over the ground, then at the garden-wall,
+then back at their mother, who had come to the door.
+
+'Look at the house,' she said, 'look higher!'
+
+3. 'Oh, we never thought of the roof,' they cried, and ran in again
+laughing. 'But those slates are not so nice and smooth as our slates.'
+
+'Your slates are made smooth on purpose. Besides, they are made of
+better slate--older slate. The older the slate is the better it is.'
+
+4. 'How old?'
+
+'No one knows. It is a long story, and no one can tell it properly.
+Shall I tell you as much as I know?'
+
+'Yes, do, please, mother!' and the two settled themselves at her feet.
+
+5. 'Well,' she began, 'once upon a time there was a great stir at the
+bottom of the sea. The heat and gas under the ground broke through and
+pushed out everything that was in the way.
+
+6. 'Stones, ashes, and dust came flying up through the water, and then
+fell back into the water again. When all was quiet, they settled down at
+the bottom of the sea, and became mud.
+
+7. 'All this happened many times, till there was a great deal of mud.
+Then, little by little, the mud was covered up by other things.'
+
+8. 'What sort of things?'
+
+'Dead fish, perhaps, and shells, and sand and mud that had been brought
+by rivers into the sea. These things lay on the top of the mud and
+weighed it down.
+
+9. 'The heat under the bottom of the sea still kept up, and made the mud
+very hot, and baked it through. At last it gave a great push, and heaved
+the mud up above the water, so that it became dry land.
+
+10. 'In other ways it was made harder and harder, until it was turned
+into rock. And now we call it slate. Here is a bit of your old broken
+slate. See if you can turn it into mud again!'
+
+
+
+
+CHALK.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    a-cross´
+    morn´-ing
+    chalk´-ing
+    picked
+    piece
+    teach´-er
+    black´-board
+    spread´-ing
+    wheat
+    col´-ours
+    fetch
+    laughed
+    earth
+    brown
+    moist
+    through
+
+1. A few days after this, Dora and Harry were going across the fields.
+They saw a horse and cart standing, and a man taking white stones out of
+the cart and putting them over the ground.
+
+2. 'Why, it is Joe!' they cried, as they came nearer. 'Good-morning,
+Joe. What are you doing?'
+
+'Chalking this bit of land, you see. You know what chalk is, do you?'
+
+3. Harry and Dora picked up a piece or two.
+
+'Teacher writes on the blackboard with chalk,' they said.
+
+'Yes, you are right. It is used for many things,' and he went on
+spreading it over the field.
+
+4. 'But what is it wanted here for, Joe?'
+
+'No chalk, no wheat!' said Joe.
+
+'Father put no chalk on our field, and we had such a heap of wheat!'
+
+5. 'Yours is good land. This up here has never been used for farming. It
+had little old trees on it, you know, and they were cut down and their
+roots dug out of the ground; and now, look at it! It is poor soil.'
+
+6. 'How do you know it is poor?'
+
+'Look at the field below, what a nice brown it is! That will grow
+anything, but this is all colours--black, red, yellow, and green.
+
+7. 'I have been a long way to fetch this chalk: I started off with old
+Dobbin this morning before it was light, and got it out of the
+chalk-pit.'
+
+8. 'When we were fast asleep!' said Dora.
+
+'Then you don't buy chalk at a shop?' said Harry.
+
+Joe laughed.
+
+'No; it comes out of the ground.'
+
+'This is like the slate story,' said Dora.
+
+Harry nodded.
+
+9. 'But, Joe, I want to know how the chalk makes the ground good.'
+
+'I don't know how, but it does. If it lies here for a year or more, the
+earth will turn brown, and we can grow wheat in it. Besides, chalk holds
+water, and so it will keep the ground moist up here.'
+
+10. 'How?'
+
+'Well, when it rains, the water will not run away through the earth, but
+will stay in the lumps of chalk. Are you going? Good-bye, then.'
+
+
+
+
+CHALK.
+
+PART 2.
+
+[Illustration: 'Fizz and bubble, bubble and fizz.']
+
+
+    eve´-ning
+    brought
+    vin´-e-gar
+    bub´-ble
+    air
+    stirred
+    poured
+    grains
+    hun´-dreds
+    smiled
+    crowds
+    threads
+    catch
+    died
+    dropped
+    mixed
+
+1. The children had much to say that evening about Joe and the field.
+They had brought home a lump of chalk.
+
+2. 'I will show you something,' said father, and he got a cup of
+vinegar, crushed a little of the chalk, and dropped it into the cup.
+
+Fizz and bubble, bubble and fizz!
+
+3. What was going on?
+
+When the stir came to an end, the chalk was not there!
+
+'Part of it has gone off in gas,' their father said. 'The rest is lime,
+and it is mixed with the vinegar.'
+
+4. 'We did not see any gas,' said Harry.
+
+'You can't see gas. It is like air. All those bubbles were made by the
+gas. It went out of the cup into the air.
+
+'Now, get a cup of water. Come along! Where is your chalk?'
+
+5. Father rubbed some of it into the water, and stirred it up. The water
+now looked like milk.
+
+Father poured it into the sink, and showed Harry and Dora, at the bottom
+of the cup, a great many tiny grains.
+
+6. 'Those little round things,' he said, 'are shells.'
+
+'Shells!' said Dora, trying to see them better.
+
+'Were live things ever in them?' asked Harry, and put a finger into the
+cup to fish some out.
+
+7. 'Yes, long, long ago. That bit of chalk had hundreds and hundreds of
+shells in it. Now, mother, it is your turn! I have had mine. What do you
+know about chalk?'
+
+8. Mother smiled and began: 'There was once a very deep sea, full of
+live things, little and big. And on the top of the water were crowds of
+tiny things in shells, that put out long arms like threads to catch
+their food.
+
+9. 'When they died they all dropped to the bottom of the sea, and lay
+there. The shells were so very little that they made a sort of mud when
+they were mixed with the water.
+
+'And now the mud is dry, and we call it chalk!'
+
+
+
+
+THE MOUSE.
+
+
+    an´-i-mal
+    noise
+    mouse
+    cheese
+    har´-vest
+    stalk
+    should
+    four
+    tail
+    nib´-ble
+    young
+    beasts
+    squeak
+    hours
+    leaves
+    catch
+
+1. Harry came running in one day to say that he had seen a little animal
+in the field.
+
+2. 'It ran so fast, I could hardly see it. I looked a long time for it,
+and so did Dora, but we could not find it. Now, what do you think it
+could be, mother?'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+3. Then in came Dora, 'It had a long tail, and was very little, and made
+no noise at all.'
+
+4. 'It may have been a mouse,' said their mother; 'very likely it was.'
+
+'But mice live indoors, do they not, and eat cheese, and run about in
+the walls, and make holes?'
+
+5. 'How do you know all this?'
+
+'I have heard them at grandmother's,' said Harry. 'Do they ever live out
+of doors?'
+
+6. 'A good many do. There is a pretty little thing called a
+harvest-mouse. It makes a nest like a bird's, and hangs it up on a stalk
+of wheat.'
+
+[Illustration: The Harvest Mouse and Nest.]
+
+7. 'I wish there had been one in our wheat!' said Dora. 'I should like
+to see the little nest and the baby-mice peeping out. They must be very,
+very small.'
+
+8. 'Yes, the harvest-mouse is the very smallest four-footed animal we
+have. Then there is a field-mouse with a long tail, and a field-mouse
+with a short tail. Mr Short-tail likes to nibble at young trees.'
+
+'Ah, that is not our mouse! He had a long tail.'
+
+9. 'And then there is a wood-mouse.'
+
+'Has he a short tail or long tail?' asked Harry.
+
+'Long. I must tell you about a man who used to go out in the night in
+wild places to see what birds and beasts were doing when most of us
+were in bed.
+
+10. 'One of the things he found out was that field-mice could sing!'
+
+'Don't they squeak?'
+
+'Yes; and he often heard them go on for hours making a kind of singing.
+
+11. 'Sometimes they were close by him as he lay on the ground, and he
+would put out his hand to catch one. But when he opened it again it was
+full of grass or moss or leaves; and there was no mouse.'
+
+'Did he never catch one?'
+
+'Never.'
+
+
+
+
+THE FIELD-MOUSE.
+
+
+    tum´-bles
+    ber´-ry
+    brown
+    mer´-ry
+    scarce´-ly
+    weath´-er
+    nib´-bling
+    fruits
+    farm´-er
+    stacks
+    treas´-ure
+    pleas´-ure
+    reared´
+    un-der-neath´
+    shad´-ow
+    mead´-ow
+
+    1.  Where the acorn tumbles down,
+          Where the ash-tree sheds its berry,
+        With your fur so soft and brown,
+          With your eyes so soft and merry,
+        Scarcely moving the long grass,
+        Field-mouse, I can see you pass.
+
+    2.  Little thing, in what dark den,
+          Lie you all the winter sleeping,
+        Till warm weather comes again?
+          Then once more I see you peeping
+        Round about the tall tree roots,
+        Nibbling at their fallen fruits.
+
+    3.  Field-mouse, field-mouse, do not go,
+          Where the farmer stacks his treasure;
+        Find the nut that falls below,
+          Eat the acorn at your pleasure;
+        But you must not eat the grain,
+        He has reared with so much pain.
+
+    4.  Make your hole where mosses spring,
+          Underneath the tall oak's shadow,
+        Pretty, quiet, harmless thing,
+          Play about the sunny meadow;
+        Keep away from corn and house,
+        None will harm you, little mouse.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE RABBIT.
+
+[Illustration: 'Oh, look at that one going into a hole.']
+
+
+    moth´-er
+    rab´-bits
+    dare´-say
+    friends
+    Sat´-ur-day
+    an´-i-mals
+    morn´-ing
+    beat´-ing
+    knock
+    fight
+    meant
+    dan´-ger
+
+1. Harry and Dora were coming home with their mother from a long walk,
+when they saw some rabbits playing about on the grass.
+
+2. They wished to stay and watch them, and the three sat down on a log a
+little way off.
+
+'Oh, look at that one going into a hole!' said Dora. 'See his funny
+tail. Why is he going into a hole?'
+
+3. 'That is his house,' said their mother. 'I daresay he is sleepy and
+wants to go to bed.'
+
+'He goes early, then, like the birds?'
+
+'Yes, about sunset. He gets up a little before sunrise.
+
+4. 'There goes another! They will soon all be gone.'
+
+'Then we can look at their houses?'
+
+'Only at their front doors. If you were to sit quite still over there in
+the day-time, you would see the rabbits popping in and out.
+
+5. 'After a time they would find out that you were their friends, and
+then you would be able to watch their doings.'
+
+6. Then mother told them more about the man who often stayed out all
+night to see what animals did. 'One morning, before it was quite light,
+he heard a tap-tap near him, and saw a rabbit beating on the ground with
+his hind-feet close to another rabbit's hole.
+
+7. 'He saw him go to another hole and tap there, and then to another.
+Some holes he passed and did not knock at all.
+
+'At last he had just begun tap-tapping in front of a hole, when out
+rushed a big rabbit. They began to fight, and they both rolled down to
+the bottom of the hill.
+
+8. 'The man often saw rabbits tapping like this. Sometimes two or three
+would come out to speak to the one that tapped, and they seemed to have
+a friendly chat.
+
+9. 'There was another sound they could make with their hind-feet. If one
+of them made it, the others would run into their holes as fast as they
+could. It meant danger.'
+
+'What was it like?' asked Dora.
+
+'_Tap-pat._'
+
+
+
+
+IVY.
+
+
+    win´-ter
+    vase
+    changed
+    sprays
+    be-tween´
+    pur´-pose
+    um-brel´-la
+    mid´-dle
+    straight
+    veins
+    flow´-er
+    thick´-er
+    thread
+    ten´-der
+    mouth
+    use´-ful
+
+1. Some sprigs of ivy had been standing all the winter in a vase. The
+water had often been changed, and the leaves washed.
+
+2. When spring came each spray began to put out buds. The buds were not
+all at the ends of the sprays, but came out also close to the old
+leaves.
+
+3. At last there was a very small bud between every old leaf and the
+stem. When the first bud opened into a leaf, Dora and Harry clapped
+their hands, and called every one to look.
+
+4. 'How clean and sweet it is!' cried Dora. 'And do you see something
+like wool or hair on it?'
+
+'How curly it is!' said Harry. 'It is not quite open yet. Why, it is
+like a hand! All the leaves look rather like hands, don't they? See;
+one, two, three, four, five!'
+
+5. 'Look at this old leaf against the light,' said the mother; 'now you
+can see the five long fingers. But people call them ribs, not fingers!
+They are for the purpose of keeping the leaf spread out.'
+
+6. 'Like the ribs of an umbrella,' said Harry. 'They seem very strong;
+the middle one, which goes up straight from the stem, is the strongest
+of all.'
+
+[Illustration: Spray of Ivy.]
+
+7. Dora was holding up one spray after another to the light. 'What are
+all these pretty marks on the leaves, mother, lines crossing about all
+ways?'
+
+'Those are veins, dear. They carry the sap that feeds the leaves.'
+
+8. 'What is sap?'
+
+'The blood of plants and trees.'
+
+'Oh,' said Dora, 'then that is the wet that comes out when I pick a
+flower or cut a leaf!
+
+9. 'But look at this!' and she held up one of the sprays.
+
+At the end of it was a little bunch of white, curly roots. Each root was
+not much thicker than a thread.
+
+10. 'Don't touch them,' said the mother; 'roots are very tender things.'
+
+'What is the good of them?' asked Dora.
+
+'What is your mouth useful for?' asked her mother.
+
+11. 'Oh, do you mean that the ivy eats and drinks?'
+
+'Yes, that is what I mean. These roots take out of the water, or out of
+the earth, all sorts of things good for the food of the plant. They then
+send them up into the stem and on into the leaves.'
+
+12. 'Mother,' said Harry, 'let us go and plant all this ivy. I am sure
+it wants to try the taste of the earth!'
+
+
+
+
+A TREE.
+
+
+    rab´-bits
+    shoots
+    ta´-ble
+    spread
+    rough
+    heard
+    birch
+    beech
+    branch´-es
+    caught
+    oak
+    found
+
+1. 'Let us go over to that log where we sat when we saw the rabbits,'
+said Dora to Harry.
+
+2. 'All right! We can play at ship, and the grass shall be the sea.'
+
+'Or we can have see-saw, if we can find some wood to lay across the
+log.'
+
+3. They were soon at the log, and on it they sat down, and looked about
+them.
+
+The log was the trunk of an old oak, and a little way off stood the
+stump, with many new shoots and leaves coming out all round it.
+
+4. Dora went and stood on it, and called out that she was on a hill. She
+jumped off and on a few times, and then said it would make a good table,
+and they might have tea on it.
+
+5. Harry found that the stump had roots that spread out all round for a
+long way.
+
+'How thick and hard they are!' he said; 'come and feel this one!'
+
+[Illustration: It is all marked in rings.]
+
+'It is not like the roots we saw on the ivy,' she said. 'Now look at the
+top of the stump. It is all marked in rings.'
+
+6. 'In the very middle there is a little light spot, and then come dark
+rings, and then more rings outside. Father once told me these rings
+showed how old the trees were. And do you see lines coming away from the
+middle?'
+
+7. 'They look like the rays of the sun, which I draw on my slate,' said
+Dora. 'What a rough coat this tree had! Come and feel the outside of the
+log.'
+
+'That is the bark! I have heard father talk about bark.'
+
+8. 'Well, I shall call it the coat. It is the tree's overcoat to keep
+him warm and dry. But trees do not all seem to have rough coats. Look at
+that one!' and she ran over to a little birch, and pulled off some of
+its thin bark.
+
+9. 'I have found a fine tree!' cried Harry; and Dora came running to
+look at it.
+
+[Illustration: Leaves of the Beech and the Oak.]
+
+10. It was a beech, with a great round smooth trunk and long strong
+branches. Harry jumped up and caught at a leaf or two, and then went to
+pick an oak-leaf. He laid them side by side on his hand and looked at
+them, and found they were not at all alike.
+
+
+
+
+BRICKS.
+
+
+    stopped
+    emp´-ty
+    mor´-tar
+    sound
+    trow´-el
+    struck
+    picked
+    size
+    teach´-er
+    re´-al-ly
+    clay
+    win´-ter
+    breaks
+    moulds
+    nice´-ly
+    ov´-en
+
+1. Two men were making a wall by the road-side, and Harry and Dora
+stopped to look at them.
+
+2. Another man was going away with a horse and cart. The cart was empty,
+but it had been full of red bricks. The men were putting these bricks on
+the wall and making them fast with mortar.
+
+3. Dora liked the sound which the trowel made when it struck against the
+wall. Harry picked up one of the bricks and looked at it, and then Dora
+must look at one too.
+
+4. They found that the bricks were light and easy to lift. They also
+saw that they were all of the same size and shape, as if they had been
+made, and not dug out of the ground.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. They did not like to ask the men about them, and so they put the
+bricks down, and set off on their way home.
+
+6. As they went they met their teacher, who stopped and spoke to them,
+so Harry asked her to tell them what bricks really were.
+
+7. 'I wish there were a brick-field near,' she said, 'and then we would
+go and see it! But I can tell you a little about it.
+
+8. 'Bricks are made of clay, and clay is dug out of the ground. Men dig
+it before winter comes, and let it lie out all the winter, and the frost
+breaks it up nicely for them.
+
+9. 'The next thing is to mix it well into a paste, and then it is put
+into moulds.'
+
+'What are moulds?' Harry asked.
+
+'Well, these moulds are like boxes with no bottom or top.'
+
+'Only sides, then?' said Dora.
+
+10. 'Yes, they have two long sides, and two short ones, and they hold
+the soft, wet clay.
+
+'You may call them clay-puddings before they are put into the hot oven.
+When they are taken out, what do you think they are? They are bricks!'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A DONKEY.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+    bot´-tom
+    lane
+    don´-key
+    load
+    fruit
+    this´-tles
+    hedge
+    rough
+    ap-ple
+    car´-rot
+    touch
+    mor´-row
+    feast
+    win´-dow
+    shag´-gy
+    tuft
+
+1. At the bottom of the lane lived a donkey. Harry and Dora knew him
+well. They often met him going to town with a load of fruit, and they
+saw him in the lane every day cropping the grass and thistles by the
+hedge-side.
+
+2. He knew them, too, for they would stop to pat his rough sides, or
+give him an apple or a carrot.
+
+3. They wondered how he could eat such prickly things as thistles. A
+horse would never touch them.
+
+4. One day his master took him into the garden while he was working. He
+let Neddy go up and down the paths and crop the grass, which had grown
+long on the little grass-plot.
+
+5. The donkey did not once try to get at the pears and apples; he did
+not even look at them.
+
+6. His master was pleased, and said to his wife: 'It is quite safe to
+leave the gate open, and let Neddy come into the garden when he likes. I
+shall be away to-morrow, but you need not look after him. He will be all
+right.'
+
+7. Next day, Neddy walked into the garden, found that no one was there,
+and began to eat the fruit. He had a good feast before his mistress saw
+him from the window.
+
+8. Then he was driven out, and the gate was shut. After that he always
+had to find his dinner in the lane.
+
+9. The children saw him one day feeding with a white horse that had
+come down from the farm, and they stopped to talk to them.
+
+10. Then Dora said to Harry:
+
+'They are like each other, and yet not like! Neddy has a shaggy coat.'
+
+'And his mane is short, and stands up.'
+
+'His ears are very long.'
+
+'His tail is not like Snowflake's tail; and, see, it has a little tuft
+at the end of it!'
+
+'And Snowflake is much taller.'
+
+
+
+
+SHEEP.
+
+
+    chalk
+    wheth´-er
+    earth
+    hedge
+    tear´-ing
+    swal´-low
+    chew´-ing
+    though
+    re-mem´-ber
+    for-got´-ten
+    brought
+    mouth
+
+1. The next time that Dora and Harry were out, they ran up to the place
+where they had met Joe. They wished to see how the chalk was getting on,
+and whether the earth was brown yet.
+
+2. After that they went over a stile into a field where many sheep were
+feeding. The sheep began to move away when they saw the boy and girl
+coming.
+
+3. Then said Harry: 'Let us try mother's plan of keeping quite still and
+letting them see that we don't want to hurt them.'
+
+4. So they sat down under a hedge and looked at the sheep for a long
+time, and soon one and another began to come near, eating away at the
+grass.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. 'I like that sound of tearing off the grass, don't you?' said Dora.
+
+'Do you see they swallow it all at once?' said Harry. 'What would
+mother say to us if we ate without chewing?'
+
+6. 'There is some chewing going on, though. Look over there!' and she
+showed him some sheep that were lying down in the grass.
+
+7. 'Oh, now I know! Don't you remember, Dora, father told us once what
+the cow does. It was that day we had tea at the farm.'
+
+8. 'No, I don't remember. We saw the cows milked, and I had some new
+milk in a glass. I don't think father told me!'
+
+9. 'Yes, he did. You must have forgotten. He said that the cow sent her
+food down into a big bag inside, and then it went into a smaller bag,
+where it was rolled up into little balls. And when the cow lay down to
+rest, she brought them up into her mouth and chewed them well.'
+
+10. 'I should think the sheep must be doing the same thing. Look at this
+fat one close by! She is just sitting down. Now watch!'
+
+'Yes, I can see her chewing! How funny it is! They all look as if they
+liked it, don't they?'
+
+
+
+
+THE SHEEP.
+
+
+    la´-zy
+    pleas´-ant
+    dai´-sies
+    clothes
+    chil´-ly
+    dew´-y
+    scant´-y
+    com´-mon
+    brown
+    mer´-ry
+    wool´-ly
+    coat
+
+    1.  'Lazy sheep, pray tell me why
+        In the pleasant fields you lie,
+        Eating grass and daisies white,
+        From the morning till the night?
+        Everything can something do;
+        Oh what kind of use are you?'
+
+    2.  'Nay, my little fellow, nay,
+        Do not serve me so, I pray:
+        Don't you see the wool that grows
+        On my back to make you clothes?
+        Cold and very cold you'd be,
+        If you had not wool from me.
+
+    3.  'True, it seems a pleasant thing,
+        To nip the daisies in the spring;
+        But many chilly nights I pass,
+        On the cold and dewy grass,
+        Or pick a scanty dinner where
+        All the common's brown and bare.
+
+    4.  'Then the farmer comes at last,
+        When the merry spring is past,
+        And cuts my woolly coat away,
+        To warm you in the winter's day.
+        Little Master, this is why
+        In the pleasant fields I lie.'
+
+
+
+
+TURNIPS.
+
+
+    white
+    ly´-ing
+    tur´-nip
+    picked
+    win´-ter
+    din´-ner
+    read´-y
+    but´-ter
+    sor´-ry
+    heard
+    peo´-ple
+    bread
+    pressed
+    meal
+    mean
+    jok´-ing
+
+1. 'What are those sheep eating over there, at the far end of the field?
+There is something white all over the grass. What can it be?'
+
+'Chalk?' Dora asked.
+
+'No, they never would be so silly! Let us go and see.'
+
+2. Up they got, and away they went. They found that the white things
+lying about on the grass were bits of turnip.
+
+Harry picked one up and looked at it. It was only a round rind: all the
+inside had been eaten out.
+
+3. He took it home with him to show to his mother, and she said:
+
+'I saw some bits like this that were shooting out green leaves when
+spring came. They had been lying out on the ground in the winter, yet
+there was so much life in them that they could grow again. But, come,
+wash your hands: dinner is ready, and I have something to tell you. We
+are going to have turnips for dinner!'
+
+[Illustration: He took it home with him to show to his mother.]
+
+4. When Harry had his helping of turnips he said:
+
+'Now I am a sheep!'
+
+'No,' said Dora, 'the sheep don't boil their turnips, or mash them with
+nice butter.'
+
+5. 'But raw turnip is very nice,' said her father. 'I have often eaten
+one out in the fields. I am not at all sorry for the sheep.'
+
+6. 'I have heard,' said mother, 'that, when corn was very dear, people
+had to use turnips in making bread. They say the bread looked good, and
+kept well. The water was first pressed out of the turnips, and then they
+were mixed with wheat-meal.'
+
+7. 'I wish you would make some, mother,' said Dora, 'just for fun, to
+see what it is like.'
+
+'I will--some day.'
+
+8. 'What did you mean, mother,' Harry asked, 'about water in turnips?'
+
+'There is a great deal of water in turnips,' said mother.
+
+9. 'Turnips are nearly all water,' said father.
+
+'Now, father, you must be joking,' cried Harry.
+
+'No, I am not. Am I, mother?'
+
+Mother smiled, and said 'No.'
+
+
+
+
+GREEN PEAS.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    peas
+    flow´-ers
+    ten´-drils
+    un-rolled´
+    watched
+    thought
+    pur´-pose
+    but´-ter-flies
+    half
+    count´-ed
+    true
+    flow´-er
+    with´-er
+    stayed
+    shin´-y
+    touched
+
+1. Dora was alone in the garden. She had played about till she was
+tired, when she found herself close to the bed of peas. She had seen her
+father sow the peas, and now there were tall plants with leaves and
+flowers and green tendrils.
+
+2. Dora unrolled one or two of these tendrils, and then watched them
+roll up again. She thought:
+
+'How funny it is of the plant to put these out on purpose to take hold
+of the sticks! And how pretty the flowers are! They look like little
+white butterflies. I will pull one open.'
+
+3. She picked a flower, and sat down with it on the grass. Inside of it
+she found something long and green. This she opened, and saw a row of
+tiny green balls.
+
+[Illustration: Pea-flower.]
+
+4. Not one of them was half as big as a pin's head. They were all in a
+row, and Dora counted seven of them.
+
+She picked out each one and laid them on her hand to look at.
+
+5. Then it came into her mind that these little mites of things must be
+baby-peas. And she felt sorry to think what she had done, for she could
+not put them back into their nest, and now they would never grow up to
+be big.
+
+6. She told Harry about it next day, and he said, yes, it was very true.
+But he must pull open just one flower himself and see the peas inside;
+and so he did. There were six peas in his flower.
+
+7. Every day after this, Dora and Harry came to look at the plants.
+
+For a long time the flowers were very pretty. Then they began to wither.
+One by one they dropped off; but the inside part of each stayed on,
+looking green and shiny.
+
+8. The children called these shiny green things bags, till they heard
+some one say that they were pods.
+
+Sometimes they touched them. They soon began to feel the peas inside.
+The pods grew larger and fatter every day.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+GREEN PEAS.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    bas´-ket
+    shell´-ing
+    bas´-in
+    taught
+    won´-der-ful
+    break´-ing
+    fair´-y
+    hap´-pens
+    weath´-er
+    earth
+    moist
+    pea
+    su´-gar
+    starch
+    earth
+    sun´-light
+
+[Illustration: Pea-pods.]
+
+1. At last, one sunny morning, mother came out with a basket and began
+to pick the pods. Harry and Dora wished to help her, and all three were
+soon at work.
+
+2. Next, the shelling began. Mother had a basin in her lap, and the two
+children sat close to her and shelled their peas into it.
+
+3. They told her how they had shelled the baby-peas. She taught them how
+each plant was a living thing, and had a tiny plant inside of it, all
+ready to come out at the right time. This was very wonderful.
+
+4. 'Did that big plant come out of one little pea?' cried Dora.
+
+'I can't see a little plant inside,' said
+
+Harry, breaking one of the peas open.
+
+5. 'Yet it is there, a fairy-plant, with a root, a stem, and two leaves.
+These leaves take up nearly all the room in the green ball. How would
+you like to have two or three of these peas to plant? There! I can spare
+you three each from to-day's dinner.'
+
+6. The children were glad to have them. 'I wish we could see them grow,'
+said Dora. 'What happens, mother, when they are in the earth?'
+
+7. 'Do you mean, How do they begin to grow? Well, the weather must be
+rather warm, and the earth moist, and the pea swells itself out till it
+bursts open its thin coat. The little root goes down to fasten it firmly
+in the ground, and to look for food. Then the little stem and the two
+leaves come up to get air and sunshine. That is how it begins.'
+
+8. 'What food is there in the ground? What food do the roots find?'
+
+'Lime and iron'----
+
+'Iron!' cried Harry.
+
+9. 'Yes, there is iron in green peas! There are sugar, too, and starch,
+and fat, and water, and other things. Some come out of the earth, some
+come out of the air and the sunlight, and some the plant makes for
+itself. Oh, it is a very clever plant! But all plants are clever, I
+think.'
+
+
+
+
+IRON AND METAL.
+
+
+    pock´-ets
+    mar´-bles
+    wrapped
+    size
+    heav´-y
+    weight
+    light´-er
+    though
+    cop´-per
+    thought
+    zinc
+    met´-als
+    sup-pose´
+    wheat
+    i´-ron
+    ket´-tle
+
+1. 'What have you in your pockets, father?' asked Harry, pulling at
+them. 'Nuts? stones? marbles?'
+
+'Put your hand in, and find out. Here, Dora, you can try the other
+pocket.'
+
+2. In went two hands, and out came little hard lumps, each wrapped in
+paper. The children laid them on the table in a row, and wanted to know
+what they were.
+
+[Illustration: 'What have you in your pockets, father?']
+
+3. They were not nuts, nor marbles, and not quite like stones. They were
+all about the same size, but one was very heavy. Harry and Dora held it
+in their hands to feel how heavy it was.
+
+4. 'That is a bit of lead,' said their father. 'Which do you think is
+the next in weight?'
+
+'This red one. It is a good deal lighter, though!'
+
+'That is called copper. Now, what comes next?'
+
+5. They were not sure, but thought that iron came next, and then tin,
+and then zinc. Their father told them these names as they went on. He
+told them also that all these things were metals, and had been dug out
+of the earth.
+
+6. 'Suppose we make a box to keep them in?'
+
+'Oh yes!' cried both.
+
+'And if we find any more things like these, we will put them in.
+
+7. 'Would you put in a buttercup?'
+
+'No, no!'
+
+'Or a grain of wheat?'
+
+'No, it is not at all like these.'
+
+'Or a bit of slate?'
+
+'I think so,' said Harry.
+
+Dora was not quite sure.
+
+8. 'Yes, we will put the slate into the box. It is not a metal, but it
+came out of the ground. Now, what do you say to this?' And he pulled out
+a lump that looked like earth and stone.
+
+9. What could this be? It was iron, just as it had come out of the
+ground, with clay and earth about it.
+
+10. 'Once upon a time,' said father, 'the kettle, and the poker, and the
+fender, all looked like this!'
+
+
+
+
+THE FAIRY RING.
+
+
+    danc´-ing
+    fair´-y
+    queen
+    sea´-sons
+    year
+    cir´-cle
+    sphere
+    sum´-mer
+    glide
+    au´-tumn
+    tress´-es
+    cheeks
+
+    1.  Let us dance and let us sing,
+        Dancing in a merry ring;
+        We'll be fairies on the green,
+        Sporting round the fairy queen.
+
+    2.  Like the seasons of the year
+        Round we circle in a sphere;
+        I'll be Summer, you'll be Spring,
+        Dancing in a fairy ring.
+
+    3.  Spring and Summer glide away,
+        Autumn comes with tresses gay;
+        Winter, hand-in-hand with Spring,
+        Dancing in a fairy ring.
+
+    4.  Faster, faster round we go,
+        While our cheeks with roses glow,
+        Free as birds upon the wing,
+        Dancing in a fairy ring.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    treat
+    hol´-i-days
+    aunt
+    nee´-dles
+    coils
+    steel
+    wire
+    wrapped
+    stretched
+    straight
+    ma-chine´
+    un´-cle
+    mid´-dle
+    chop´-ping
+    dropped
+    e-nough´
+
+1. Harry and Dora once had a great treat.
+
+They went in the holidays to stay with an uncle and aunt who lived at a
+town where needles were made. We may call it Needle-town.
+
+2. While they were there, they were taken to the mills to see the
+needles made.
+
+3. The first room into which they went was very warm. It was called the
+wire-room. A workman who was there told them that it was filled with hot
+air night and day, so that no damp should come in and spoil the steel.
+
+4. All round the room coils of steel-wire were hanging. They were
+wrapped up in paper, but the man took some of them down and let them
+look in. They saw that one coil was of very thick wire, while another
+was of wire as fine as a hair.
+
+5. 'One of these coils would be more than a mile long if it were
+stretched out straight,' the man told Harry. 'Would you like to take
+hold of this one?'
+
+But Harry found it too heavy, and it was hung up again on the wall.
+
+6. Then they went into another room, where a machine was cutting a coil
+of wire into bits.
+
+'They are much too long for needles,' said Dora, softly, to her uncle;
+but one of the workmen heard her, and said:
+
+7. 'So they are! Each bit is going to be two needles. The two ends are
+to be the points, and the heads lie in the middle of the wire.'
+
+8. But no heads were to be seen yet. And the wire was not even straight,
+for it had long been rolled up in a coil. As the machine went on
+chopping, and the wire-strips dropped, a man picked them up and put them
+on a shelf in a sort of oven.
+
+9. There they were kept till they were red-hot, and then they were soft
+enough to be made straight.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 2.
+
+[Illustration: 'Now you see the points of the needles.']
+
+
+    points
+    heads
+    eyes
+    un´-cle
+    block
+    heav´-y
+    ham´-mer
+    al-lowed´
+    laugh´-ing
+    watched
+    piece
+    sharp
+
+1. The next thing that the children saw was a grindstone turning round
+very, very fast.
+
+2. A man put the bits of wire into a thing which was fixed just over the
+grindstone, and both ends were quickly rubbed sharp.
+
+3. 'Now you see the points of the needles,' said the man, as the wire
+came out again.
+
+'But there are no heads yet!' said Harry.
+
+'And no eyes!' said Dora.
+
+'Well, come along to the stamping-room,' said their uncle.
+
+4. In this room they found a block of stone that had iron on the top of
+it. Over it hung a heavy hammer. A man who stood there took one of the
+wires, put it on the block, and made the hammer come down upon it.
+
+5. The moment the hammer went up again the wire fell into a pan, and the
+children were allowed to look at it.
+
+6. Still there were no eyes or heads! All that could be seen were two
+little dents, one on each side of the middle of the wire.
+
+7. 'But, look again!' said uncle. 'Don't you see a tiny dot in each
+dent? That is where the eye is going to be.'
+
+8. In the next room they found a great number of boys at work.
+
+'Oh, uncle,' said Harry, 'do you think I could come here and help to
+make needles?'
+
+'You would soon be tired of it,' said his uncle, laughing.
+
+9. They went up to one of the boys, and watched him for some time. He
+took some wires that had come from the stamping-room, and laid them on a
+piece of iron, but held the two ends in his hands.
+
+10. Then a heavy thing with two hard, sharp, steel points under it came
+down on the middle part of the wires, and made two holes just where the
+dots had been.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+'Now we see the eyes, at last!' cried Dora.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 3.
+
+
+    thread´-ing
+    to-geth´-er
+    tooth´-comb
+    smooth
+    rough
+    edg´-es
+    nee´-dle
+    thought
+    ov´-en
+    sec´-ond
+    steam´-ing
+    e-nough´
+    break´-ing
+    bench
+    ham´-mer
+    straight
+
+1. They went on into another room. Here there were boys again! And what
+were the boys doing? They were threading the wires together.
+
+2. When they were all strung together, they looked like a long
+tooth-comb. The heads were in the middle, and the points lay on either
+side.
+
+3. The boys took them to some of the workmen, and these men made the
+middle part quite smooth. Rough edges had been left along the tiny
+dents, and had to be rubbed down.
+
+4. When this was done, a man made a line along the middle of the 'comb,'
+and then gently bent it backwards and forwards till it broke right in
+the middle.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. Harry and Dora were glad to see this. Each bit of wire looked like a
+needle now. It had a head of its own, and an eye, and a point.
+
+6. The next thing was to make the needles hard. Dora and Harry thought
+they looked quite hard already, but they did not know.
+
+7. How were they hardened? They were first laid on iron plates and put
+into a kind of oven.
+
+'This is the second baking they have had,' said Harry.
+
+They were kept in till they were white-hot.
+
+8. When the needles came out, they were put into cold water! What a
+hissing and steaming they made! But they had to lie there till they were
+quite cool.
+
+9. Then they were taken out and dried. The man said they were hard
+enough now, but something else must be done to them to make them able to
+bend well without breaking.
+
+10. They were put on an iron plate over a fire, and gently moved about.
+Some of them curled up, and had to be taken off.
+
+11. They were given to a woman, who was sitting on a bench with a little
+hammer in her hand and a small steel block in front of her. She laid a
+curly needle on the block, and hammered it till it was straight, and
+then another, and another.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 4.
+
+
+    clean´-ing
+    piece
+    can´-vas
+    soap
+    oil
+    em´-er-y
+    pow´-der
+    bun´-dle
+    man´-gle
+    a-fraid´
+    brok´-en
+    sec´-ond
+    Fri´-day
+    points
+    hun´-gry
+    laugh´-ing
+
+1. The cleaning of the needles came next.
+
+2. A great many were laid side by side on a piece of canvas, and covered
+with paste.
+
+'What is the paste made of?' Harry wanted to know.
+
+'Soft soap, my lad,' said the workman, 'and oil, and emery-powder.'
+
+3. He rolled them all up in the canvas, tied string round the bundle,
+and put it between the rollers of a thing that looked like a mangle.
+
+4. Dora and Harry opened their eyes wide. 'Think of needles being
+mangled! This will be something to tell mother!'
+
+5. When the bundle was unrolled, they were afraid that the needles would
+be broken. But they were all right, and they were taken out and washed
+in warm soap-suds.
+
+6. 'Now they must be clean!' said Dora.
+
+'Not yet,' said the man; 'they have to be rolled up again with more
+paste, and put between those rollers again, and again, and again. It
+takes eight days to clean the best needles.
+
+7. 'And it takes six days to clean the second-best,' said the man.
+
+'Then even the second-best won't be done till Friday!' said Harry.
+
+8. 'But we can go and see some needles that have been cleaned,' said his
+uncle. 'Let us go up-stairs again.'
+
+9. And they went up into a room where many girls were sitting at a long
+table with heaps of bright needles before them. They were putting them
+in order, side by side, heads all one way, points another.
+
+Dora was sure that she could not pick them out so quickly.
+
+10. They were going on into another room to see the eyes of the needles
+made smooth, when Dora said, 'Oh, uncle, I am so tired!'
+
+'So am I,' said Harry, 'and hungry, too.'
+
+11. 'Come along, then,' said uncle, laughing. 'We all want our dinners,
+I think.' He took Dora's hand in his, and away they went.
+
+
+
+
+THE KNIFE.
+
+
+    ro´-ley
+    po´-ley
+    thought
+    morn´-ing
+    knife
+    least
+    blade
+    han´-dle
+    aunt´-ie
+    edg´-es
+    rath´-er
+    clock
+
+1. There was not much talking at dinner, till after the second helping
+of roley-poley.
+
+2. Then Dora and Harry felt happy again, and began to tell their aunt
+all about the needle-making. She had seen it once, but it was a long
+time ago, and she thought she should like to see it again.
+
+3. 'But if I had gone this morning,' she said, 'you would not have had
+your pudding.'
+
+'That would have been sad,' said Dora.
+
+4. 'What a lot of steel we have seen,' said Harry. 'I never knew there
+was so much in the world.'
+
+5. 'You can see some on this table now.'
+
+'Where?'
+
+'What have I cut the pudding with?'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+'Oh, the knife! Yes, I see; that must be steel; at least, that part of
+it. What do you call that part?'
+
+'The blade.'
+
+6. 'And what about the handle?'
+
+'I don't know. It is yellow, and smooth, and hard.'
+
+'It is bone,' said his uncle, 'part of an ox-bone. But some handles are
+made of wood.'
+
+7. 'May I look at that knife near you, auntie? I mean the clean one.
+Thank you!'
+
+8. Then Dora wanted one to look at too; and they felt the edges softly
+and found them very sharp. They looked at the blunt backs of the blades,
+and then tried to read the maker's name.
+
+9. 'There is no room to put the maker's name on a needle,' said Harry.
+'But how do they get it on here?'
+
+'It is stamped on when the blade is red-hot and rather soft.'
+
+10. They could not make out how the handle was put on, so their aunt
+went to the knife-box and got out an old knife that had lost its handle.
+They saw that the blade had a long thin piece of iron at the end of it.
+
+11. 'A long hole is made inside the handle, and this iron thing is put
+into it, and made fast.'
+
+So their uncle said, and then looked at the clock and saw that it was
+time for him to go.
+
+
+
+
+THE HEN.
+
+[Illustration: Setting out for the Farm.]
+
+
+    bas´-ket
+    fetch
+    friends
+    fowls
+    watch
+    thought
+    charge
+    pair
+    ban´-tams
+    know
+    proud
+    peck´-ing
+    greed´-y
+    gray
+    swal´-lowed
+    laughed
+
+1. The day after Dora and Harry came home, their mother gave them a
+basket and sent them up to the farm to fetch eggs.
+
+2. Rover went with them, and all three were glad to go, for they had
+many friends at the farm.
+
+3. There was the great dog, Watch, and there were the cart-horses and
+the pony, the ducks and the fowls. And there were five girls and
+boys--Mary, Tom, Johnny, Annie, and Kate.
+
+4. When these five, and Watch, saw Harry, Dora, and Rover coming, they
+ran down the lane to meet them. They were soon all in the farm-yard,
+talking as fast as they could talk.
+
+5. Two had to tell about their visit to Needle-town, and five about the
+doings at the farm, so it was some time before the eggs were thought of.
+
+6. Mary had charge of the eggs, and went every morning to look for new
+ones.
+
+'Since you went away,' she said, 'I have had a pair of bantams given me,
+for my very own. Here they are!'
+
+'What little things! and how very pretty!' cried Dora. 'Do they know
+you, Mary?'
+
+7. 'Yes; I feed them every day. Here comes the big black hen. She has
+been laying an egg. See how proud she is! She calls out in that way to
+let the rest know what she has done.'
+
+8. 'Now she is pecking about for food,' said Harry.
+
+Tom said that fowls were always eating.
+
+'They are greedy things,' said Kate.
+
+9. 'Oh, look at this gray hen!' said Harry, 'she picked up a bit of
+stone just now and ate it! Does she know no better?'
+
+10. 'It is not for food,' Mary told him; 'she takes it to grind up the
+hard seeds she has swallowed. They all go into a strong little bag, and
+the stones rub and press on the seeds.'
+
+11. 'I never heard of such a thing! She keeps a mill inside to grind her
+food!'
+
+12. The others laughed, and then Mary went in to get some eggs. After
+the basket was filled, the two children said good-bye to their friends,
+and went home.
+
+
+
+
+THE SPARROW.
+
+
+    shoots
+    spar´-rows
+    steal
+    fruit
+    thou´-sand
+    ba´-bies
+    build
+    spoil
+    beaks
+    ap´-ple
+    blos´-som
+    fruit
+    clean
+    thirst´-y
+    wheat
+    throw
+
+1. 'Mother,' cried Harry, running in one day, 'Jack Denny says he shoots
+sparrows!'
+
+'I am very sorry to hear it. Why does he shoot them?'
+
+'"They steal fruit and corn," he says. He wanted me to throw stones at
+them!'
+
+2. 'Well, you can tell him about some silly men who killed the sparrows
+and other birds, and the next year their fruit and corn were eaten up by
+grubs. Even the leaves on the trees were eaten.'
+
+3. 'Is this true?'
+
+'Quite true. They had to send for little birds from other places to live
+in their fields and gardens. Do you know that a sparrow kills four
+thousand grubs in one day when her babies are in the nest?
+
+4. 'One wise man who grows fruit says that his best friends are the
+sparrows, and he makes holes in the garden-walls for them to build in.
+Their sharp eyes see the tiny things that would spoil the fruit, and
+their sharp beaks nip them up at once.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. 'He loves to see sparrows in an apple-tree in blossom-time; he knows
+they are saving the apples for him.'
+
+'But Jack says he has seen them pecking at fruit.'
+
+6. 'Yes, they like fruit, just as you and I do. But there would be no
+fruit at all, if the birds did not eat the grubs.
+
+7. 'The man I was telling you about puts nets over his trees when the
+fruit begins to ripen. And I heard only the other day that it is a good
+plan to put pans of clean fresh water close to the trees and bushes.
+Then the birds will not go so often to the fruit. They are thirsty and
+hot, poor things!
+
+8. 'And there would be no corn, if the birds did not kill the
+wheat-fly's grubs.'
+
+9. When Harry heard all this, he made up his mind not to throw stones at
+the sparrows, as Jack wanted him to do.
+
+
+
+
+A DAY IN THE COUNTRY.
+
+
+    but´-ter-flies
+    mer´-ry
+    gath´-ered
+    broth´-er
+    flow´-ers
+    o-bliged´
+    roamed
+    scoured
+    pleas´-ant
+    cheese
+    hedge
+    ease
+    brook´-let
+    crys´-tal
+    thrush
+    mus´-ic
+
+    1.  Where the bees and butterflies
+          Skim the grassy down,
+        Four merry little children
+          Gathered from the town;
+
+    2.  Ragged little Johnnie,
+          And his brother Ben,
+        With wild-flowers are laden,
+          These merry little men.
+        Kate and Mat have posies
+          Of colours bright and gay,
+        For Tim, their tiny brother,
+          At home obliged to stay.
+
+    3.  They have roamed the meadow,
+          They have scoured the wood,
+        Seeking nuts and blackberries,
+          For their pleasant food.
+        With their nuts and blackberries
+          And bits of bread and cheese,
+        On a mossy hedge-bank,
+          Now they take their ease.
+
+    4.  Drinking from the brooklet
+          'Neath the hawthorn tree,
+        Clear it runs as crystal,
+          Fresh and bright and free.
+        And the thrush sings loudly
+          On the hawthorn spray,
+        And the brooklet ever
+          Makes music on its way.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+SOME HERBS.
+
+
+    stream
+    through
+    grav´-el
+    mar´-ket
+    tea
+    lett´-uce
+    tongue
+    mus´-tard
+    pow´-der
+    sprin´-kled
+    flan´-nel
+    car´-ried
+    pars´-ley
+    thyme
+    herbs
+    sage
+
+1. A little stream ran through one of the farmer's fields. The water was
+so clear that you could see the sand and gravel at the bottom, and in it
+there grew plenty of water-cress.
+
+[Illustration: Water-cress.]
+
+2. Harry went one afternoon to help Johnny and Tom to pick it for
+market, and brought a big bunch home for tea.
+
+3. His mother had picked a lettuce from the garden, and some mustard and
+cress, and they were all put on one plate.
+
+'They bite my tongue,' said Dora, 'all but the lettuce. I like it best.'
+
+4. 'And I like the biting,' said Harry. 'Why is this called mustard,
+mother?'
+
+'Because the yellow mustard comes from it. The seeds are ground to
+powder.'
+
+'And we eat the leaves. It is a useful plant.'
+
+[Illustration: Lettuce.]
+
+5. After tea, mother took some cress-seed and mustard-seed out of two
+little packets. Then she cut up one or two corks, put them into a deep
+plate, filled it with water, and sprinkled seed on the cork.
+
+6. 'This is for you, Harry,' she said. 'You will soon have a little crop
+of mustard and cress. And here is one for Dora!'
+
+In Dora's plate she laid a bit of flannel, poured water on it, and sowed
+seed. The children carried off their plates to a safe place, and thought
+it would be fine fun to see roots and leaves come out of the tiny seeds.
+
+7. Then mother called them into the garden to see her parsley. She told
+them that hares and rabbits would come a long way to feed on a
+parsley-bed if they could get at it.
+
+8. Close by grew mint, sage, and thyme. 'All these are herbs,' she said.
+'They are not like trees, are they?'
+
+'No; they have no bark, no hard wood, and they are so small.'
+
+[Illustration: Leaves of Mint, Parsley, Thyme, and Sage.]
+
+9. Dora picked a mint-leaf, a parsley-leaf, a thyme-leaf, and a
+sage-leaf, and laid them side by side. She wanted to see if they were
+like each other. But when she looked at them she found that they were
+not alike.
+
+
+
+
+COFFEE.
+
+
+    cof´-fee
+    beans
+    kneel´-ing
+    chair
+    win´-dow
+    bus´-y
+    stock´-ings
+    ket´-tle
+    rat´-tled
+    coun´-try
+    cher´-ry
+    to-geth´-er
+    blos´-som
+    cov´-ered
+    cloths
+    ber´-ries
+
+1. 'What is coffee, mother dear? Does it grow?'
+
+2. It was Dora who asked this. She and Harry were putting away some
+things that had come from the shop, and she was now filling a tin with
+coffee-beans.
+
+3. She was kneeling on a chair by the table in the window. Her mother
+was busy mending stockings, and the cat and the dog were both asleep.
+The kettle was singing, and all was cosy.
+
+4. The coffee-beans rattled into the tin, and Dora picked one out and
+looked at it.
+
+When Harry heard Dora asking about it, he also put his hand in and took
+a coffee-bean. It smelt very nice, he thought. So did Dora.
+
+5. They found that it had a flat side and a round side.
+
+'It humps up,' said Dora.
+
+'See, I can put the flat side of mine against the flat side of yours,'
+said Harry.
+
+'They grew like that,' said mother.
+
+'Oh, then, they did grow? They were alive once?'
+
+[Illustration: Coffee branch with Berries.]
+
+6. 'Yes; they were seeds of a plant that grows in a warm country, far
+away from here. They once lived inside a berry.
+
+'The berry was red like a cherry, and the seeds inside were held
+together in a little bag.'
+
+7. 'There must have been a flower before the berry came,' said Harry,
+thinking of the pea-flower and its pod.
+
+[Illustration: Coffee-flower.]
+
+[Illustration: Berry.]
+
+[Illustration: Seeds in Berry.]
+
+'A very pretty white flower,' said his mother. 'They say that a
+coffee-garden looks lovely in blossom-time, just as if it were all
+covered with snow.
+
+8. 'In two or three days the snow-like blossoms are gone, and the fruit
+is left. When it is ripe, men put cloths under the trees, and shake it
+down.'
+
+9. 'I wish I could go and help!' said Harry. 'What comes next?'
+
+'They pick up the berries, dry them in the sun, and get the beans out.
+Then they send the beans over the sea in a ship. And here they are!'
+
+[Illustration: Dora and Harry tearing up the old papers.]
+
+
+
+
+PAPER.
+
+
+    un-hap´-py
+    should
+    tea
+    heels
+    per-haps´
+    clean
+    school
+    clean´-ing
+    hearth
+    laugh
+    jok´-ing
+    in-deed´
+    tear
+    boil
+    through
+    clev´-er
+
+1. 'It is such a wet day, I don't know what to do!' said Harry, looking
+very unhappy.
+
+2. 'Are you tired of your drawing and painting?' asked his mother.
+
+'Oh yes! And we have played at houses, and had the bricks out on the
+floor, and now there is nothing to do, and it is not nearly tea-time
+yet. Will you read to us, mother?'
+
+3. 'Not just now. But if you would help me a little I should get on
+faster, and then we might have a nice time before tea.'
+
+'Jolly!' cried Harry; and he ran to the foot of the stairs and called
+Dora.
+
+4. Down came Dora very fast, with her doll in her arms, and the dog at
+her heels.
+
+5. 'What I want you to do,' said mother, 'is to tear up these old papers
+and put them into this sack. The man is coming soon to take it to the
+paper-mill.'
+
+6. 'Why is it taken to the paper-mill?' asked Harry.
+
+'To be made over again into paper. Perhaps it will come back to us some
+day, all clean.
+
+7. 'Or it may be made into a newspaper, and father may bring it home in
+his pocket.'
+
+'Or we may get it in copy-books at school.'
+
+'Yes; or it may come from the shop with rice in it.'
+
+8. 'It may never come at all,' said Dora. 'Perhaps it will go to some
+other house.'
+
+'That is quite likely,' said mother, who was now cleaning the hearth.
+
+9. They went on putting the paper into the sack for a long time, and
+then Harry asked:
+
+'How was paper made before there was old paper to make it of?'
+
+10. 'Oh, it is not made of paper only. It is made of old rags, old
+ropes'----
+
+Harry and Dora began to laugh.
+
+'And straw, and wood, and a kind of grass'----
+
+'Now, are you joking, mother?'
+
+11. 'No, indeed! They cut the wood and straw into tiny bits, and they
+cut and tear the rags and boil them.'
+
+'And what do they do with the grass?'
+
+'They cut it up, boil it, and mix clay with it. Then it is put through a
+very clever machine, which makes it into paper.'
+
+
+
+
+A FLY.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+    spilt
+    won´-der
+    e-nough´
+    fel´-low
+    thirst´-y
+    mouth
+    su´-gar
+    teeth
+    ceil´-ing
+    ei´-ther
+    win´-dow
+    pane
+    won´-der-ful
+    straight
+    count´-ed
+    friend
+
+1. 'Just look here, Harry!' Dora called out.
+
+A little milk had been spilt on the table, and two flies had found it
+out.
+
+'We won't wipe it up! Let us wait and see if they can take it all. See,
+it is getting less! I wonder how they do it.'
+
+2. 'There! one fly has gone. He has had enough. But this old fellow is
+very thirsty. He does not look as if he were drinking, and yet the milk
+goes. That long thing must be his mouth. Is it, mother?'
+
+[Illustration: Enlarged view of Head of Fly showing Trunk.]
+
+3. 'It is called his trunk. The mouth is at the end of it. He is very
+clever with it. Do you know that he never eats? He only drinks.'
+
+4. 'But I have seen him eating sugar.'
+
+'No; I don't think you have. He has no teeth and no jaws. He can't bite
+anything. What he does is to wet the sugar with his mouth and melt it,
+and then suck it up.'
+
+5. 'Well, that is clever! I wonder how he found out how to do it. And I
+know something else that he is clever at.'
+
+6. 'What is it, Harry?' asked Dora.
+
+'Something you can't do! He can walk on the ceiling.'
+
+'You can't do it either,' said Dora.
+
+'How does he hold on, mother? We can see one up there now! He walks
+about as if he were on the table.'
+
+[Illustration: Enlarged view of Fly's Foot.]
+
+7. 'He has something like gum inside his feet, and, when he wants to
+stand or walk upside down, he presses this out, and it helps him to
+stick on. Here is another fly walking up the window-pane.'
+
+'I have often seen flies on the window-pane.'
+
+8. 'How wonderful it is! The glass, you see, is smooth and hard, and it
+stands straight up. We could not go up a hill like that, could we?'
+
+9. They watched him go up and down, counted his six legs, and saw that
+his wings were very pretty. Their mother told them a very strange thing,
+that his eyes could see all ways at once!
+
+10. Then they had to say good-bye to him, for out he went into the
+garden. When they turned to the table, they found that their other
+friend had gone too--and so had the milk.
+
+
+
+
+THE WASP.
+
+
+    wasp
+    bus´-y
+    win´-ter
+    ground
+    pass´-age
+    loose
+    per-haps´
+    fence
+    pow´-der
+    spread
+    brown
+    comb
+    pil´-lars
+    cell
+    hatched
+    crawl´-ing
+
+1. There was a great stir at dinner one day. A wasp came in, begging for
+sugar and plum-tart. Harry and Dora ran this way and that.
+
+2. At last their father got the wasp out into the garden, and, when all
+was quiet again, he asked if they would like to hear its story.
+
+'Oh yes, father!' said Dora.
+
+3. Harry was busy with his plums, but he nodded, as much as to say, 'I
+shall be glad to hear it too!'
+
+4. So the father began:
+
+'All last winter the wasp was asleep, but when spring came she waked up
+and set out to look for a home. I am not quite sure where she found it,
+but it was in the ground, I think.
+
+5. 'She began to dig in the soft earth, and she dug on till she had made
+a long passage. She had to carry out all the loose earth herself. Then
+she made a little room at the end of the passage.
+
+6. 'Next she looked about for some old wood, and found it in a tree,
+perhaps, or post, or bit of fence. She rubbed away at it with her jaws
+till she got some of it off in powder.
+
+7. 'She made this powder into a paste with a sort of gum which came out
+of her mouth, and off she went with it to her room.'
+
+8. 'What did she do with it?'
+
+'She spread it out in sheets of thin brown paper, and with these she
+made a comb like a bee's.'
+
+[Illustration: Wasp's Nest.]
+
+'She made paper of it.'
+
+'Only a bee's is made of wax. I know that!' said Harry.
+
+9. 'She put many layers of paper on the top to keep the rain out, and
+pillars under it to hold it up. Then she laid an egg in each cell. When
+the eggs were hatched'----
+
+'Little wasps came flying out,' said Dora.
+
+'No; little grubs came crawling out!
+
+10. 'The wasp was now more busy than ever. She fed each baby in turn,
+and as they all grew bigger she had to get more and more food for them.'
+
+
+
+
+THE SUNFLOWER
+
+
+    blue
+    buzz´-ing
+    set´-tled
+    watched
+    sun´-flow-er
+    course
+    warmth
+    in-stead´
+    star´-ing
+    spar-row
+    stopped
+    crowd
+    cush´-ion
+    mid´-dle
+    gar´-den
+    know
+
+1. It was very hot, the sky was blue, and the air was full of the
+humming and buzzing of bees and flies. A white butterfly flitted by, but
+soon went away over the garden-wall.
+
+2. Bee after bee, and fly after fly, settled on the sunflowers and
+hunted for honey. Dora and Harry watched for a long time.
+
+3. 'The sunflower is like a little sun,' said Dora.
+
+'And it loves the sun,' said her mother, who was snipping off dead roses
+close by; 'it always turns to look at it. See, its face is towards the
+sun now. And if you look again before sunset you will find the flower
+turned to it still.'
+
+4. 'How strange!' said Dora.
+
+[Illustration: Sunflower.]
+
+'And it has such a strong stalk,' said Harry. 'You would not think that
+it could turn round. It must be alive!'
+
+'Of course it is alive!'
+
+'But, I mean, it must feel, or why should it turn and turn to get the
+light and warmth?'
+
+5. 'How ragged all the stalks and leaves are!' said Dora. 'I wish they
+would make themselves tidy instead of always staring at the sun. Why are
+there so many holes in the leaves?'
+
+6. 'Grubs have been eating them. Our friend Mr Sparrow must have been
+away lately!'
+
+7. Here mother stopped snipping at her rose-trees, and came up to one of
+the sunflowers.
+
+8. 'There is something I want you to see,' she said. 'You think this is
+one big flower, but it is really a crowd of little flowers. Look! Can
+you think of another flower that is something like it?'
+
+9. Harry and Dora shook their heads.
+
+'It is very small,' mother went on, 'with a cushion in the middle like
+this, and rays standing out all round like these.'
+
+10. 'Does it grow on a tree?'
+
+'No.'
+
+'In this garden?'
+
+'No.'
+
+'In the fields?'
+
+'Yes.'
+
+'Oh, I know!' cried Harry. 'It is the daisy.'
+
+
+
+
+MERRY WORKERS.
+
+
+    wheels
+    bus´-y
+    i´-dle
+    brook´-lets
+    ripp´-ling
+    sky´-lark
+    lis´-ten
+    hon´-ey
+    mer´-ri-ly
+    hum´-ming
+    e-nough´
+    wea´-ry
+
+    1.  Tell me what the mill-wheels say,
+        Always turning night and day;
+        When we sleep and when we wake,
+        What a busy sound they make!
+        Never idle, never still,
+        What a worker is the mill!
+
+    2.  What is it that the brooklets say,
+        Rippling onward day by day?
+        Sweet as skylark on the wing,
+        Ripple, ripple--thus they sing.
+        Never idle, never still,
+        Always working with a will!
+
+    3.  Listen to the honey-bee,
+        Flying now so merrily
+        Here and there with busy hum--
+        Humming, drumming, drumming, drum.
+        Never idle, never still,
+        Humming, drumming--hum it will!
+
+    4.  Like the mill, the brook, the bee,
+        May it now be said of me
+        That I'm always busy too,
+        For there's work enough to do.
+        If I work, then, with a will,
+        It will be but playing still;
+        Ever merry, never weary,
+        It will be but playing still.
+
+
+
+
+THE ROSE.
+
+
+    bas´-ket
+    wo´-man
+    vil´-lage
+    sweet´-ly
+    cab´-bage
+    be-cause´
+    stooped
+    smile
+    thorns
+    yel´-low
+    a-greed´
+    win´-ter
+
+1. Mother went back to her roses, and soon called for a little basket,
+saying that Dora and Harry should take a few to an old woman who lived
+in the village.
+
+2. 'Poor granny,' she said, 'is so fond of roses, and she can never get
+out now to see them. Which shall we pick for her?'
+
+3. 'Some of these white ones,' said Dora.
+
+'I think she would like these red ones,' said Harry, 'they smell so
+sweetly.'
+
+4. Mother cut one or two of each, and then a moss-rose, which looked as
+if it had moss growing round it, and then a pink cabbage-rose.
+
+5. 'What has it to do with cabbage?' asked Harry.
+
+'It is only called cabbage because it is so big and round.'
+
+6. 'I like it the best of all,' said Dora, and stooped to smell it,
+putting her nose far down into the sweet, deep cup: 'it is such a nice
+rose!'
+
+[Illustration: Wild Rose.]
+
+[Illustration: Garden Rose.]
+
+7. 'Yes, I am very fond of it, and of all roses,' said mother, looking
+at her bushes with a smile, 'but I almost think I like the wild ones
+best. Do you know that the wild rose is the mother of all these? Once
+upon a time all roses were wild.'
+
+8. Harry and Dora did not think that wild roses were very like garden
+roses. 'But they both have thorns,' they said.
+
+9. 'Look at them as you go along. There are some bushes not far from the
+bottom of the lane, after you turn round to go to the village. I don't
+think you will find many roses left, but you will see their fruit. They
+are the birds' fruit-trees.'
+
+10. 'What can mother mean?' they asked as they went along.
+
+But they soon found out. The bushes were covered with hips; some green,
+others yellow, one or two quite red.
+
+11. They agreed to leave them for the birds. Dora said 'They would be
+sure to want them in the winter.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+WOOD.
+
+[Illustration: Making the Doll's House.]
+
+
+    min´-er-al
+    cop´-per
+    zinc
+    chalk
+    gummed
+    climbed
+    knees
+    eve´-nings
+    tools
+    dead
+    thought
+    oak
+    beech
+    birch
+    wil´-low
+    build´-ing
+
+1. The little mineral box was made, and Harry and Dora put in the lumps
+of lead, iron, copper, tin, zinc, chalk, and slate. Father wrote the
+names on tiny slips of paper and gummed them on.
+
+2. Then he said that he was going to make Dora a doll's house. On
+hearing this, Dora first jumped about for joy, and then climbed up on
+her father's knees to kiss and hug him.
+
+3. The doll's house was not made all at once. It had to be done bit by
+bit in the evenings after father had come home from work and had his
+tea.
+
+4. Dora and Harry always helped him, or stood by and talked, played with
+bits of wood, and turned over the tools in the box.
+
+5. They said that saw-dust should be called wood-dust; and they found
+out that wood was called tree when it was alive, and tree was called
+wood when it was dead. They thought this very funny.
+
+6. They also learned that there were as many kinds of wood as there were
+trees.
+
+'Some wood is hard,' said their father, 'some is half-hard, and some is
+soft.'
+
+'Soft wood!' cried Dora.
+
+7. 'Well, not soft like butter! But softer than oak, beech, birch, and
+elm'----
+
+'The trunk of an oak-tree is lying where the rabbits live,' said Harry,
+in a great hurry. 'We often play on it. I know that it is hard. What
+sort of wood are you making the doll's house of?'
+
+8. 'Soft wood. It is a bit of pine. So is the box that holds the
+minerals. I should find it hard work to cut oak.
+
+'Now, there is one kind of wood so soft that you can bend it. It is
+called willow, and baskets are made of it.
+
+'But oak was once used in building the great strong ships.'
+
+
+
+
+COAL.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    win´-dow
+    shov´-el
+    spade
+    coal
+    tum´-bled
+    con-tent´
+    won´-der-ing
+    earth
+    cage
+    stretch´-ing
+    en´-gine
+    doz´-en
+
+1. 'Here comes the coal,' said Harry, looking out of the window.
+'Mother, may we help Jim to get it in? I can have the big shovel, and
+Dora the little one. I should like to see the cart upset! What fun it
+will be!'
+
+2. Crash came the coal on the ground. Then the coal-man drew his horse
+and cart away, and set to work with a spade to fill the little
+coal-place.
+
+3. The dog jumped, and got in every one's way. He wanted to help, too,
+but did not know how. Dora tumbled over the heap and bumped her head, so
+she thought she would be content with watching Jim and Harry. But Harry
+was soon tired, and Jim was left to go on alone.
+
+4. 'Where does coal come from, Jim?' he asked.
+
+'Out of the ground, my lad.'
+
+'Does it? Do you dig for it?'
+
+'I don't. But I know somebody who does.'
+
+5. 'If I were to dig for it, should I find any, Jim?'
+
+'Not you! Why, you have to go down ever such a long way before you can
+even begin to dig.'
+
+6. 'How do you get down?'
+
+'You go down in a thing they call a cage. You can't walk down, you know.
+It is like going down a deep pit. They call it a mine.'
+
+7. 'Oh, I have heard of coal-mines!'
+
+Dora was taking up one little lump of coal after another, and wondering
+why it was so shiny if it had really come out of the earth.
+
+8. Harry went on. 'How do they let the cage down? Have you ever been
+down?'
+
+[Illustration: Coal-miners going down to work.]
+
+'I have been down once,' said Jim, stopping in his work and stretching
+himself. 'This is the way. There is an engine at the top of the
+shaft'----
+
+'What is the shaft?'
+
+9. 'The pit I told you about. The engine is fixed there and it lets
+down the cage and pulls it up again. Half-a-dozen men or so can go in it
+at a time.'
+
+'It must be very strong.'
+
+10. 'Yes, it is, and it has strong chains to hold it. It goes up and
+down all day long, bringing up the coal.'
+
+
+
+
+COAL.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    re´-al-ly
+    eas´-i-ly
+    slic´-es
+    straight
+    knife
+    be-tween´
+    met´-al
+    fetched
+    pic´-tures
+    an´-i-mal
+    whole
+    for´-ests
+    thou´-sands
+    piec´-es
+    to-geth´-er
+    puz´-zles
+
+1. Next day the children asked their mother to tell them what coal
+really was. Harry did not think it was a stone, because he had broken
+two or three lumps with a hammer. He found that it broke much more
+easily than stone.
+
+2. Besides, it did not fly all into sharp bits, but came off in slices;
+and he saw that it had straight lines along it. When he poked his knife
+in between these lines, he could take off a slice of coal at once!
+
+3. Dora did not think it was a metal, because she had learnt that iron
+would melt in a fire and flow like water. 'Coal does not melt,' she
+said, 'every one knows that!'
+
+4. She took a small lump out of the coal-box, and Harry did the same.
+Mother then fetched some pictures, and one or two other things, and the
+talk began.
+
+5. 'It is no wonder that you can't guess what coal is! It does not look
+at all like what it was at first. It was not always in the ground; it
+used to live on the top and get the air and sunshine.'
+
+6. 'It must have been alive,' said Harry. 'Was it an animal?'
+
+'No.'
+
+'Then it was a plant!' cried Dora.
+
+7. 'Well, it is all that is left of many plants and trees, whole forests
+of plants and trees, that grew long, long ago.'
+
+'Before you were born, mother?'
+
+8. 'Yes, long before that! It was hundreds and thousands of years ago.
+It was so far back that the trees were not like the trees we have now.
+Many of them were big ferns. Think of a fern grown up to be a tree! And
+many were great horse-tails. You know what a horse-tail is?'
+
+9. 'Oh yes,' said Dora, 'we find them in the ditch down the lane. It is
+such fun pulling them to pieces and putting them together again--like
+puzzles!'
+
+[Illustration: Horse-tail.]
+
+10. 'Those trees must have been very strange,' said Harry. 'They would
+not be nice to climb. But there were no boys in those days, so it did
+not matter.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+FIRE.
+
+
+    min´-er-al
+    coal
+    fen´-der
+    prop´-er
+    walk´-ing
+    laugh´-ing
+    grate
+    cru´-el
+    Lon´-don
+    smoke
+    al-read´-y
+    flame
+    blaze
+    beast
+    cage
+    pic´-tures
+
+1. 'Don't you think,' said Harry, 'that a bit of coal would be a good
+thing for our mineral box?'
+
+2. 'I do,' said his father. 'Get a little lump, and put it in. And, by
+the way, we want more coal on the fire. I must get some.'
+
+3. 'How nice a fire is on a cold day!' said Dora, sitting down on the
+fender, to be as near to it as she could.
+
+'Very nice,' said her mother, 'in its proper place--in the grate.'
+
+4. 'Ah, we should not like it to come walking about the room!' said
+Harry, laughing. 'There would soon be no room'----
+
+'And no house!' said Dora, shaking her head. 'And then what should we
+do?'
+
+5. Father came back with the coal, and put some into the grate, saying:
+
+'Fire is a good servant but a bad master. If it gets its own way it is a
+cruel thing. It would burn a town down. It once burned big London.'
+
+6. Harry was looking at one of the lumps that had been put on the fire.
+Smoke was coming out of it already. A flame burst out in front, and soon
+the whole lump was in a blaze.
+
+7. 'It seems such a pity that it should all be burned up,' said Harry,
+'when it took so long to make.'
+
+'That is the way of fire,' said father, 'it eats up everything, and when
+it has nothing more to feed on it comes to an end--it goes out, we say.'
+
+8. 'We don't want it to go out, and so we keep on feeding it,' said
+mother. 'It is like a wild beast in a cage.'
+
+'Now look at the coal!' said father.
+
+9. By this time the lumps were red and very hot. The children went down
+on their knees to look for pictures in the fire. They soon saw what
+looked like men and dogs, rocks, hills, and trees, and at last a great
+cat with red-hot eyes and a very curly tail.
+
+
+
+
+OBJECT LESSONS.
+
+
+
+
+THE CAT.                      [_Page 7._
+
+
+1. The cat lives in and about our homes; so we call it a domestic
+animal.
+
+2. It belongs to the same tribe of animals as the lion and tiger. They
+are savage--puss is tame. Like them, it is a beast of prey--that is, it
+catches and eats other animals. They cannot hear it coming with its
+soft, padded feet.
+
+3. The cat leaps upon its prey. It sticks its strong, sharp claws into a
+mouse, and soon kills it with its sharp teeth.
+
+4. Puss is covered with fur; she has five claws on each fore-paw, and
+four on each hind one. She draws them into little sheaths when not
+angry.
+
+5. With its rough tongue the cat can lap up milk, and also clean its
+fur. It likes to be clean. It opens its eyes wider in the dark, and can
+see to run about at night. On each side of its head are long whiskers,
+with which it feels its way.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Cats have--
+    Padded feet.
+    Sharp claws and teeth.
+    Rough tongues.
+    Good sight at night.
+
+Cats like--
+    Milk.
+    Meat.
+    Mice and rats.
+    Birds and fish.
+
+Cats are--
+    Domestic.
+    Tame.
+    Useful.
+    Cleanly.
+
+
+
+
+THE DOG.                      [_Page 12._
+
+
+1. The dog is larger and more active than the cat. It is also of more
+use to man, for it guards the house, minds the sheep, and will not allow
+any one to harm its master.
+
+2. There are many kinds of dogs. All are of some use--from the large
+Newfoundland dog to the little fox-terrier.
+
+3. Dogs are like cats in some things. They have padded feet and strong
+claws. But their claws are blunt. They cannot draw them into sheaths as
+puss does; so they make more noise in walking.
+
+4. The dog is also a beast of prey. But it is not so fierce as the wolf
+or the fox, which belong to the same tribe of animals. It likes meat and
+bones, but will also eat bread and vegetables. Its teeth are very strong
+and sharp.
+
+5. Most dogs have keen scent, pointed noses, and quick sight.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Dogs have--
+    Blunt claws.
+    Sharp, strong teeth.
+    Keen scent.
+    Quick sight.
+
+Dogs--
+    Bark.
+    Watch.
+    Jump.
+    Hunt.
+
+Dogs are--
+    Useful.
+    Faithful.
+    Friendly.
+    Wise.
+
+
+
+
+BUTTERCUPS.                   [_Page 15._
+
+
+1. Buttercups grow wild. They are of a golden yellow colour. Each flower
+has five yellow leaves growing out from the middle of five smaller green
+ones.
+
+2. The flowers are something like a cup in shape, with a little tuft of
+grass-like threads standing in each one. In the green ball in the middle
+there are tiny seeds from which other buttercups will grow if they fall
+into the ground.
+
+3. Buttercups come in spring. They grow on taller stems than daisies.
+They have no nice scent such as violets or roses have.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Buttercups--
+    Grow wild.
+    Come in spring.
+
+Buttercups have--
+    Five yellow leaves.
+    Five green ones.
+
+Buttercups are--
+    Pretty and shiny.
+    Eaten by cattle.
+
+
+
+
+WHEAT.                        [_Page 20._
+
+
+1. Wheat is a plant of the _grass_ kind, but grows higher than common
+grass. It is grown from seed, which is grains of wheat kept until hard
+and dry.
+
+2. Ruts are made in the soil by a plough, and into these the seed is
+cast. Then the soil is covered over them by a harrow, drawn by a horse.
+
+3. Rain and warm sunshine help the grains to grow. They grow into tall,
+jointed stems, and soon the ears of wheat appear. They are green at
+first, but the sun ripens them and turns them yellow.
+
+4. Then the wheat is cut, and the new grains are threshed out from the
+husks which are called chaff. The tall stems make straw. The grains are
+ground into flour by the miller. We use flour for making bread, cakes,
+and puddings.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Wheat is--
+    A grass plant.
+    Grown from seed.
+    Green at first.
+    Yellow when ripe.
+
+Wheat has--
+    A tall stem.
+    Graceful leaves.
+    An ear.
+    Grains.
+
+Wheat makes--
+    Flour.
+    Foods.
+    Chaff.
+    Straw.
+
+
+
+
+SLATE.                        [_Page 26._
+
+
+1. Slate is a kind of stone. Rocks, and even mountains, are sometimes
+made of slate. The great hole made in the rocks by getting it out, is
+called a quarry. It is got out in very large blocks. Sometimes gunpowder
+is used to crack the rocks before the blocks can be got out.
+
+2. Slate is very hard and brittle. It is used for many purposes. Houses
+are roofed with slates. Sometimes it is used for pavements. It can be
+made so smooth that we use it for writing upon. Slate-pencil is made
+from soft slate-stone.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Slate is--
+    A kind of stone.
+    Very hard.
+    Brittle.
+
+Slate is found in--
+    Cumberland.
+    Wales.
+    Cornwall and Devon.
+
+Slate is useful for--
+    Roofing houses.
+    Making pavements.
+    Writing upon.
+
+
+
+
+CHALK.                        [_Page 31._
+
+1. Like slate, chalk comes out of the hills. It is white and soft. It is
+used for many purposes. The farmer puts it on the fields sometimes, to
+make the soil better. It holds water and keeps the soil moist.
+
+2. We get lime and whiting from chalk. We use it in these forms for
+making our ceilings and walls clean. It is used, too, for writing on the
+blackboard. Chalk is found in many parts of England. Kent and Hampshire
+have most. Chalk-pits are often seen in the hills.
+
+3. Chalk is formed of thousands of tiny shells.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Chalk is--
+    White.
+    Soft.
+    Crumbly.
+
+Chalk is found in--
+    Hampshire.
+    Kent.
+    Isle of Wight.
+
+Chalk makes--
+    Lime.
+    Whiting.
+    Chalk-pencils.
+
+
+
+
+THE MOUSE.                    [_Page 36._
+
+
+1. The mouse is a very small animal, with pointed nose and long tail. It
+has large bright eyes, large ears, strong sharp teeth, and is very
+timid.
+
+2. The mouse gnaws through the walls and floors of our houses with its
+sharp, strong teeth. It makes a little nest in a hole. It comes out when
+all is quiet to look for crumbs, or anything left about that it can eat.
+It gets into the pantry sometimes.
+
+3. Some mice live in fields and woods. The tiny harvest-mouse makes its
+nest on a wheat-stalk. It often does great harm to the wheat.
+
+4. But for puss there would soon be so many mice that we should not know
+what to do.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Mice have--
+    Long tails.
+    Sharp teeth.
+    Large ears.
+    Bright eyes.
+
+Mice like--
+    Bread.
+    Meat.
+    Cheese.
+    Milk.
+
+Mice are--
+    Very small.
+    Very timid.
+    Very quick.
+    Very quiet.
+
+
+
+
+THE RABBIT.                   [_Page 41._
+
+
+1. The rabbit is about the size of the cat, and is covered with short
+fur. It burrows a hole in the ground and makes a nest there for its
+young.
+
+2. Rabbits have long ears and large eyes. They can hear a very slight
+sound, and can see _behind_ as well as before them.
+
+3. Their hind-legs are longer than their fore-legs; so they do not run,
+but leap.
+
+4. Rabbits like to live where there is plenty of furze, which they eat
+for food. They do much mischief in corn-fields by eating the young corn.
+They also eat the bark off young trees, and so spoil them.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Rabbits have--
+    Long ears.
+    Large eyes.
+    Long hind-legs.
+    Warm fur.
+
+Rabbits eat--
+    Grass.
+    Roots.
+    Leaves.
+    Bark.
+
+Rabbits--
+    Burrow.
+    Make nests for their young.
+    Leap.
+    Play.
+
+
+
+
+IVY.                          [_Page 43._
+
+
+1. Ivy is an evergreen, climbing plant. It grows on old walls, houses,
+and churches, and sometimes on trees.
+
+2. There are several kinds of ivy. The leaves of each kind are of a
+different shape. All ivy leaves are very pretty.
+
+3. The leaves have little marks called veins, crossing them in all ways.
+These veins are full of sap, or moisture, which the roots of the plant
+suck up from the earth.
+
+4. Some ivy flowers, and bears berries.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Ivy is--
+    An evergreen.
+    A climber.
+
+Ivy has--
+    Different forms of leaf.
+    Many veins.
+
+Ivy grows--
+    On old buildings.
+    Sometimes round trees.
+
+
+
+
+A TREE.                       [_Page 47._
+
+
+1. There are many kinds of trees. The oak, elm, and beech are very
+common.
+
+2. Trees have roots, trunks, branches, leaves, and often flowers and
+fruit. The brown covering of the trunk is called bark. This keeps the
+tree warm and dry.
+
+3. Their leaves fall off in autumn, except those of evergreens like the
+holly and the laurel.
+
+4. Trees are both beautiful and useful. They provide us with timber and
+firewood, and give shade and shelter to our houses and gardens.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Trees have--
+    Roots.
+    Branches.
+    Leaves.
+
+Trees--
+    Shed leaves.
+    Live long.
+
+Trees give us--
+    Timber.
+    Fruits.
+    Shade and shelter.
+
+
+
+
+BRICKS.                       [_Page 50._
+
+
+1. Bricks are made of clay. The clay is very damp and heavy when it is
+dug out of the ground.
+
+2. It is put into moulds to make bricks, and slowly baked in a kiln.
+Then the bricks are dry and not so heavy as the clay was. They are
+porous.
+
+3. Most bricks are of oblong shape. This is the shape used for building
+houses, schools, walls. Sometimes they are made into very pretty shapes,
+are glazed and used for floors and other things.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Bricks are--
+    Made of clay.
+    Shaped in moulds.
+    Baked in a kiln.
+
+Bricks are--
+    Not so heavy as stone.
+    Hard.
+    Oblong.
+
+Bricks are used--
+    For building.
+    For ornament.
+
+
+
+
+THE DONKEY.                   [_Page 53._
+
+
+1. The donkey is a useful animal when well treated. It is cheaper to buy
+and to keep than a pony.
+
+2. The donkey has hoofs like the horse, and wears shoes. It is very
+patient and gentle, and can do with coarse food.
+
+3. The donkey's coat is rough, and its mane short. It has a black stripe
+down its back and across its shoulders. Its head and ears are very long.
+
+4. The donkey can climb high rugged paths better than the horse. It can
+also carry heavy loads up hill, because it is strong and sure-footed.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The donkey has--
+    Hoofed feet.
+    Long ears.
+    A shaggy coat.
+    A short mane.
+
+The donkey is--
+    Strong.
+    Sure-footed.
+    Gentle.
+    Patient.
+
+The donkey likes--
+    Hay.
+    Grass.
+    Thistles.
+    Carrots.
+
+
+
+
+SHEEP.                        [_Page 55._
+
+1. Sheep live mostly in the fields. They often climb very high hills.
+Their feet are not like the donkey's; they are cloven, like the cow's.
+
+2. Their legs are so slender that their bodies seem almost too large for
+them. The thick wool which grows upon them makes them look large.
+
+3. Sheep eat grass. They tear it off, as the cow does. They cannot bite,
+since they have no front teeth in the upper jaw.
+
+4. They are very timid, gentle creatures. They do not like to be alone.
+They live in flocks. They make a great noise when bleating.
+
+5. Sheep are very useful. Their flesh gives us mutton; their wool makes
+clothing; their skin makes leather.
+
+_Write and Learn:_
+
+Sheep have--
+    Cloven hoofs.
+    Slender legs.
+    Thick wool.
+
+Sheep are--
+    Gentle.
+    Timid.
+    Climbers.
+
+Sheep give us--
+    Food.
+    Clothing.
+    Leather.
+
+
+
+
+TURNIPS.                      [_Page 59._
+
+
+1. Turnips are grown both in fields and gardens. The tops are green. The
+turnip is almost round; but it tapers towards the bottom. Most of the
+turnip grows under ground; but we can see part of it above ground when
+nearly ripe.
+
+2. Turnips are good for food. Sheep and cattle are fond of them. Animals
+eat them raw. We boil them. Raw turnips are not good for us. Pigs will
+eat the rinds which we peel off.
+
+3. Turnips are white or yellow, sweet, juicy, wholesome.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Turnips are--
+    White or yellow.
+    Sweet.
+    Wholesome.
+
+Turnips have--
+    Roots.
+    Green tops.
+    Thick rinds.
+
+Turnips are eaten--
+    By man.
+    By animals.
+    Mostly in winter.
+
+
+
+
+GREEN PEAS.                   [_Page 62._
+
+
+1. The pea is a climbing plant. We put tall sticks in the garden for the
+peas to climb. They grow from seeds which are dried peas.
+
+2. As they grow, tendrils shoot out and take hold of the sticks. Pretty
+green leaves grow too. Then come the dainty white flowers.
+
+3. When the flowers wither, they leave little green pods. Inside the
+pods are little green peas. Peas and pods grow larger each day until
+ripe.
+
+4. Peas are very good for food. Pigs like the husks.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Peas have--
+    Roots.
+    Tendrils.
+    Flowers.
+
+Peas--
+    Climb.
+    Grow from seed.
+    Hold by tendrils.
+
+Peas grow--
+    In gardens.
+    In fields.
+    In summer.
+
+
+
+
+IRON AND METAL.               [_Page 67._
+
+
+1. Metals are made from ores which are dug out of the earth. These ores
+are found in many parts of the world. Iron is the most common, as well
+as the most useful metal.
+
+2. Many things we use are made of it. The _steel_ of which our knives,
+tools, and other things are made, is made from iron. Iron is largely
+used for making bridges, railings, fire-grates, hammers.
+
+3. Lead, copper, tin, and zinc are metals also. So are silver and gold.
+
+4. Men must dig deep down into the earth to find them. The holes and
+passages which they make are called mines.
+
+5. All metals are heavy. All will melt in great heat, and all can be
+hammered out into thin sheets or drawn out into wire.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Metals are--
+    Heavy.
+    Useful.
+    Plentiful.
+
+Metals can be--
+    Melted.
+    Hammered out.
+    Polished.
+
+The common metals are--
+    Iron.
+    Lead.
+    Tin and copper.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.                      [_Page 71._
+
+
+1. Needles are made of steel wire. In a needle-factory there are
+hundreds of coils of wire. Some of the wire is thick enough for
+darning-needles; some very thin for making sewing-needles.
+
+2. The wire is cut by a machine. The needles are pointed on a
+grindstone. The eyes are punched by another machine. Then the needles
+are filed to make them smooth.
+
+3. To make them hard, the needles are made white-hot, and put into cold
+water until quite cool. They are then cleaned and polished.
+
+4. They must be very dry before put into packets, or they will rust.
+
+5. Many boys and girls, as well as men and women, work in
+needle-factories.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Needles are--
+    Smooth.
+    Bright.
+    Pointed.
+
+Needles have--
+    Eyes.
+    Shanks.
+    Points.
+
+Needles are used--
+    For sewing.
+    For darning.
+    For other work.
+
+
+
+
+THE KNIFE.                    [_Page 80._
+
+
+1. A knife is most useful for cutting. The blade is made of steel; the
+handle of ivory, bone, or wood.
+
+2. The blade and handle are fastened together by a long, thin piece of
+iron which goes into the handle. The blades have to be heated as needles
+are, to make them hard.
+
+3. A knife is blunt on one edge; sharp on the other. The grinder
+sharpens it on a huge stone which goes round and round. The blades are
+polished before being put into the handles, as well as after.
+
+4. There are many kinds of knives. Pocket-knives have a spring to make
+them shut tightly. A table-knife is rounded at the end; the
+carving-knife has a sharp pointed blade.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Knives are--
+    Sharp.
+    Bright.
+    Useful.
+
+Knives have--
+    Blades.
+    Handles.
+    Springs.
+
+Knives are made--
+    In Sheffield.
+
+
+
+
+THE HEN.                      [_Page 83._
+
+
+1. The hen is a domestic bird. Some are white; some black; others many
+colours. The hen finds much of its own food in the fields. It is fed
+with barley, bread, potatoes, and other things from the house.
+
+2. The hen has a small head with eyes at the sides. Its bill is strong
+and sharp.
+
+3. The hen sleeps on a perch on one leg. It never falls off; its foot is
+made for grasping.
+
+4. Hens are useful for the eggs they give us; and they are also good for
+food. Their feathers, too, are useful.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The hen has--
+    A small head.
+    A strong bill.
+    A grasping foot.
+
+The hen is--
+    A domestic bird.
+    A percher.
+    Useful.
+
+The hen gives us--
+    Eggs.
+    Food.
+    Feathers.
+
+
+
+
+THE SPARROW.                  [_Page 86._
+
+
+1. The sparrow is a small bird with brown and gray feathers. It builds
+its nest on our houses, and sometimes in the pipes which carry the rain
+off the roof. A sparrow's nest is seldom found in a tree. It lays five
+or six eggs which are spotted with brown.
+
+2. Farmers often kill sparrows because they steal the corn and fruit.
+But they are really good friends to the farmer. They eat the worms and
+grubs, which would destroy _all_ the fruit.
+
+3. The sparrow is a very bold little bird, and is to be found in the
+streets of the largest towns as well as in the country.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The sparrow has--
+    Brown and gray feathers.
+    Sharp claws.
+    A long tail.
+
+The sparrow is--
+    Small.
+    Bold.
+    Useful.
+
+The sparrow eats--
+    Grain.
+    Worms.
+    Fruit.
+
+
+
+
+HERBS.                        [_Page 90._
+
+
+1. Herbs are plants or vegetables with soft stalks or stems. Some grow
+wild, others we grow in our gardens.
+
+2. We use some for eating, such as mustard and cress. Others, such as
+parsley, mint, sage, and thyme, we use to flavour our food. Many are
+used as medicine.
+
+3. Most herbs have a nice scent. They are very plentiful, and very
+useful.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Herbs have--
+    Soft stems.
+    Nice scent.
+    Strong flavour.
+
+Herbs are--
+    Plentiful.
+    Useful.
+    Grown from seeds.
+
+Herbs are used--
+    For eating.
+    For flavouring.
+    For medicine.
+
+
+
+
+COFFEE                        [_Page 93._
+
+
+1. We get coffee from the coffee-tree. It is an evergreen, something
+like our bay-tree. It bears a pretty white flower.
+
+2. When the flower falls it leaves a red berry, something like a
+cherry. The two hard, oval seeds inside it are what we call coffee
+beans. They are of a pale colour in the berry, but are roasted to make
+them brown.
+
+3. Coffee is good to drink, but it is not so cheap as tea. It grows in
+warm countries far away--in Arabia and the West Indies chiefly.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The Coffee-tree--
+    Is an evergreen.
+    Has white flowers.
+    Has a red berry.
+
+Coffee is--
+    Good to drink.
+    Warming.
+    Not so cheap as tea.
+
+Coffee grows--
+    In Arabia.
+    In the West Indies.
+    In Brazil.
+
+
+
+
+PAPER.                        [_Page 96._
+
+
+1. Paper is one of the most useful things we have. It is made of old
+rags which are torn to pieces by a machine. Lime is put in to make them
+white.
+
+2. The pulp, as it is called, is then formed into sheets and pressed. It
+is then covered with _size_, and pressed again to make it smooth and
+glossy.
+
+3. Blotting-paper and other kinds not used for writing upon, are not
+sized. Brown paper is made of old canvas and sacking.
+
+4. Before paper was made, people used to write upon the inner bark of
+trees, and the thin skins of animals made sweet and dry, and called
+parchment.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Writing-paper is--
+    Smooth.
+    Glossy.
+    Fine.
+
+Blotting-paper is--
+    Soft.
+    Unglazed.
+    Porous.
+
+Brown paper is--
+    Coarse.
+    Strong.
+    Used for parcels.
+
+
+
+
+THE FLY.                      [_Page 99._
+
+
+1. The fly is a wonderful little insect. It has six legs, with such
+curious feet that it can walk on the window-panes or the ceiling.
+
+2. It has a funny little round head. Its eyes stand out so that it can
+see round about it. It cannot move its eyes as we do. Neither can it
+bite its food--it sucks it.
+
+3. The fly teases us in summer. It gets into our sugar, milk, treacle,
+and honey. Then it makes marks upon our windows and other things.
+
+4. Its wings are very pretty. When they get wet it cannot fly. The noise
+flies make is called buzzing.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Flies have--
+    Six legs.
+    Curious feet.
+    Fixed eyes.
+
+Flies--
+    Buzz.
+    Lay tiny eggs.
+    Suck their food.
+
+Flies like--
+    Sugar.
+    Honey.
+    Milk.
+
+
+
+
+THE WASP.                     [_Page 102._
+
+
+1. A wasp is a very pretty insect, black and yellow in colour. There are
+several kinds. Some burrow in the ground and make their nests there.
+Others build their nests in trees.
+
+2. Wasps live together in large numbers. They are very busy. Some lay
+eggs; some are masons, and build the nest; others are soldiers, and
+guard the home; whilst others carry away all the rubbish, and keep
+everything clean and tidy.
+
+3. The wasp's sting has poison in it. This is why it gives us such pain
+if we get stung.
+
+4. The wasp is something like the fly in shape, only much larger. It
+preys upon other insects.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The Wasp has--
+    Six legs.
+    Four wings.
+    A sharp sting.
+
+The Wasp--
+    Makes a nest.
+    Works hard.
+    Sleeps all winter.
+
+The Wasp likes--
+    Insects.
+    Meat.
+    Sweet things.
+
+
+
+
+THE SUNFLOWER.                [_Page 104._
+
+
+1. This flower is called _sun_-flower because it always turns its face
+to the sun. It turns as the sun goes round.
+
+2. The sunflower grows on a strong, tall stalk. It is something like a
+daisy in form.
+
+3. The deep-yellow leaves stand out in rays from the dark-coloured
+middle of the flower, which is called the _disk_. This disk is made of a
+large number of tiny flowers closely packed together.
+
+4. The seeds of this flower are large and oblong, and contain oil.
+
+5. Bees and flies visit sunflowers, to gather honey.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The sunflower has--
+    A strong stalk.
+    A large disk.
+    Many rays.
+
+The sunflower--
+    Grows from seed.
+    Contains honey.
+    Turns to the sun.
+
+The sunflower has--
+    Small flowers in its disk.
+    Oblong seeds.
+    Oily seed.
+
+
+
+
+THE ROSE.                     [_Page 108._
+
+
+1. Roses are of many kinds and many colours. Most of them are
+sweet-scented. Some rose-bushes do not grow very high. Others grow up as
+high as our houses.
+
+2. Roses have thorns on their stems. Wild roses have many thorns. Wild
+roses are small--have only five leaves--but they are very pretty.
+
+3. When they die they leave berries, called hips, which make good food
+for the birds in winter. There are seeds in them.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The rose has--
+    A sweet scent.
+    Sharp thorns on its stem.
+    Soft, smooth leaves.
+
+The rose is--
+    Sometimes white.
+    Sometimes yellow.
+    Sometimes red.
+
+The wild rose--
+    Grows in hedges.
+    Has five leaves.
+    Has berries called 'hips.'
+
+
+
+
+WOOD.                         [_Page 111._
+
+
+1. Wood seems to be almost as useful as iron. Hundreds of years ago,
+houses were built of wood. All the houses in London were. There is much
+wood in our houses now.
+
+2. There are many kinds of wood--each comes from a different tree. Oak
+is a very hard wood. Pine is softer. Willow is very soft; its thin
+branches will bend easily. It is used for making baskets.
+
+3. When the trunk of a tree is sawn into planks we can see the grain or
+marks in it. Some are very prettily marked. Oak and walnut are. Wood can
+be highly polished.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Wood grows--
+    In most countries.
+    In forests.
+    Plentifully.
+
+Wood is--
+    Very useful.
+    Mostly hard.
+    Grained.
+
+Wood is used for--
+    Building purposes.
+    Furniture.
+    Fires.
+
+
+
+
+COAL.                         [_Page 113._
+
+
+1. Coal is dug out of the earth. Coal and iron are found together. But
+coal is not a metal as iron is. It will not melt. We call it a mineral.
+
+2. It is found in many parts of the world. There is a very large
+quantity in our own country.
+
+3. It is a black, shiny, opaque, and brittle mineral. Men have to go
+deep down into the earth, into mines, to get it. They are in great
+danger.
+
+4. Coals were once forests, which sank lower and lower into the earth
+hundreds and thousands of years ago. They became mixed with other
+things, and in time were changed to coal. We can see the grain in some
+of the coal, as we see it in wood.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Coal is--
+    A Mineral.
+    Black.
+    Opaque.
+    Brittle.
+
+Coal is--
+    Buried forests.
+    Got from mines.
+    Heavy.
+    Grained.
+
+Coal is used for--
+    Fuel.
+    Smelting metals.
+    Making gas.
+    Making tar.
+
+
+
+
+FIRE.                         [_Page 119._
+
+
+1. Fire is useful but dangerous. A spark from it might set a house on
+fire. We ought to be very careful about it. Children should never play
+with fire.
+
+2. It is so useful that we should not be able to have many things we
+have, if we had no fire.
+
+3. When England was covered with forests, hundreds of years ago, people
+used to have fires of wood, instead of coal. Wood-fires are not so smoky
+as those made of coal, but they are not so hot.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Fire is--
+    Useful.
+    Dangerous.
+    A good servant.
+    A bad master.
+
+Fire--
+    Burns.
+    Smokes.
+    Makes flame.
+    Gives heat.
+
+Fire--
+    Warms our houses.
+    Cooks our food.
+    Makes water into steam.
+    Makes soot.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+Edinburgh:
+Printed by W. & R. Chambers, Limited.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Chambers's Elementary Science Readers, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY ***
+
+***** This file should be named 18217-8.txt or 18217-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/2/1/18217/
+
+Produced by Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+
diff --git a/18217-8.zip b/18217-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6b41e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-8.zip
diff --git a/18217-h.zip b/18217-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b107f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h.zip
diff --git a/18217-h/18217-h.htm b/18217-h/18217-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d88a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/18217-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,5596 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Chambers's Elementary Science Readers, Book I.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
+    p {  margin-top: .75em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+    hr { width: 33%;
+	 margin-top: 2em;
+	 margin-bottom: 2em;
+         margin-left: auto;
+         margin-right: auto;
+         clear: both;
+       }
+
+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+
+    body{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+        }
+
+    .pagenum  { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
+            /*  visibility: hidden;  */
+                position: absolute;
+                left: 92%;
+                font-size: smaller;
+                text-align: right;
+              } /* page numbers */
+
+    .linenum  {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */
+    .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;}
+    .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em;
+               padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; margin-left: 1em;
+               float: right; clear: right; margin-top: 1em;
+               font-size: smaller; color: black; background: #eeeeee; border: dashed 1px;}
+
+    .bb       {border-bottom: solid 2px;}
+    .bl       {border-left: solid 2px;}
+    .bt       {border-top: solid 2px;}
+    .br       {border-right: solid 2px;}
+    .bbox     {border: solid 2px;}
+
+    .center   {text-align: center;}
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+    .u        {text-decoration: underline;}
+
+    .caption  {font-weight: bold;}
+    .rightcaption  {text-align: right;}
+
+    .figcenter   {text-align: center; margin: auto;}
+
+    .figleft     {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top:
+                 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+    .figright    {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;
+                 margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+    .footnotes        {border: dashed 1px;}
+    .footnote         {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;}
+    .footnote .label  {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;}
+    .fnanchor         {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;}
+
+    .poem             {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;}
+    .poem br          {display: none;}
+    .poem .stanza     {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+    .poem span.i0     {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem span.i2     {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem span.i4     {display: block; margin-left: 4em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    // -->
+    /* XML end  ]]>*/
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Chambers's Elementary Science Readers, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chambers's Elementary Science Readers
+       Book I
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: William Chambers
+         Robert Chambers
+
+Release Date: April 20, 2006 [EBook #18217]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class="center">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 401px;">
+<img src="images/illus-001.jpg" width="401" height="600" alt="&#39;Here comes the big black hen.&#39;
+Page 85." title="" />
+<span class="caption">&#39;Here comes the big black hen.&#39;
+<span class="smcap">Page</span> 85.</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<h1>CHAMBERS'S<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">ELEMENTARY</span><br />
+SCIENCE READERS<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 75%;">BOOK I.</span></h1>
+
+<h2>WITH OBJECT LESSONS<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">AND</span><br />
+ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+
+<p class="center">LONDON: 38 Soho Square, W.<br />
+W. &amp; R. CHAMBERS, <span class="smcap">Limited</span><br />
+EDINBURGH: 339 High Street
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class='center'>CHAMBERS'S<br />
+ELEMENTARY SCIENCE READERS.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>With Object Lessons and Attractive Illustrations.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>Book</td><td align='right'>I.</td><td align='left'>for Standard</td><td align='right'>I.</td><td align='left'>140 pages. Price 9d.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Book</td><td align='right'>II.</td><td align='left'>for Standard</td><td align='right'>II.</td><td align='left'>148 pages. Price 10d.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Book</td><td align='right'>III.</td><td align='left'>for Standard</td><td align='right'>III.</td><td align='left'>196 pages. Price 1s.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p class='center'>CHAMBERS'S OBJECT LESSON MANUALS.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>With Lists of Apparatus, Numerous Illustrations,
+and Blackboard Summaries.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+BOOKS I., II., and III. Price 1s. 6d. each.<br />
+Complete in One Volume, price 3s. 6d.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>CHAMBERS'S OBJECT LESSON SHEETS.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>A Series of Twenty-one Illustrative Diagrams for
+Standards I., II., and III.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Printed in Black and White on Stout Manilla Paper,
+size 29 by 23 inches. Strongly mounted on
+Roller, 12s. 6d. per Set. Separate sheets can
+also be had, 6d. each; or Eyeletted, 7d. each.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>W. &amp; R. <span class="smcap">Chambers, Limited, London and Edinburgh</span>.</p>
+
+<p style="font-size: small; text-align: right;"><i>P. 1912.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+<p class="center">(The Titles of Poetical Pieces are in <i>Italics</i>.)</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">Page</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_CAT_PART_I">The Cat&mdash;Part 1</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_CAT_PART_2">The Cat&mdash;Part 2</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_DOG">The Dog</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#BUTTERCUPS">Buttercups</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i><a href="#DAISIES_AND_BUTTERCUPS">Daisies and Buttercups</a></i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#WHEAT_PART_1">Wheat&mdash;Part 1</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#WHEAT_PART_2">Wheat&mdash;Part 2</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SLATE_PART_1">Slate&mdash;Part 1</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SLATE">Slate&mdash;Part 2</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#CHALK_PART_1">Chalk&mdash;Part 1</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#CHALK_PART_2">Chalk&mdash;Part 2</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_MOUSE">The Mouse</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i><a href="#THE_FIELD-MOUSE">The Field-Mouse</a></i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_RABBIT">The Rabbit</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#IVY">Ivy</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_TREE">A Tree</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#BRICKS">Bricks</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_DONKEY">A Donkey</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SHEEP">Sheep</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i><a href="#THE_SHEEP">The Sheep</a></i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#TURNIPS">Turnips</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#GREEN_PEAS_PART_1">Green Peas&mdash;Part 1</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#GREEN_PEAS_PART_2">Green Peas&mdash;Part 2</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#IRON_AND_METAL">Iron and Metal</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i><a href="#THE_FAIRY_RING">The Fairy Ring</a></i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#NEEDLES_PART_1">Needles&mdash;Part 1</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#NEEDLES_PART_2">Needles&mdash;Part 2</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#NEEDLES_PART_3">Needles&mdash;Part 3</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#NEEDLES_PART_4">Needles&mdash;Part 4</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_KNIFE">The Knife</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_HEN">The Hen</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_SPARROW">The Sparrow</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i><a href="#A_DAY_IN_THE_COUNTRY">A Day in the Country</a></i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SOME_HERBS">Some Herbs</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#COFFEE">Coffee</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#PAPER">Paper</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_FLY">A Fly</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_WASP">The Wasp</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_SUNFLOWER">The Sunflower</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#MERRY_WORKERS">Merry Workers</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_ROSE">The Rose</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_108">108</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#WOOD">Wood</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_111">111</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#COAL_PART_1">Coal&mdash;Part 1</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_113">113</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#COAL_PART_2">Coal&mdash;Part 2</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_116">116</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#FIRE">Fire</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<h2>OBJECT LESSONS.</h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">Page</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_CAT_Page_7">The Cat</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_DOG_Page_12">The Dog</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#BUTTERCUPS_Page_15">Buttercups</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#WHEAT_Page_20">Wheat</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SLATE_Page_26">Slate</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#CHALK_Page_31">Chalk</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_MOUSE_Page_36">The Mouse</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_RABBIT_Page_41">The Rabbit</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#IVY_Page_43">Ivy</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_TREE_Page_47">A Tree</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#BRICKS_Page_50">Bricks</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_DONKEY_Page_53">The Donkey</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_128">128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SHEEP_Page_55">Sheep</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#TURNIPS_Page_59">Turnips</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#GREEN_PEAS_Page_62">Green Peas</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#IRON_AND_METAL_Page_67">Iron and Metal</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#NEEDLES_Page_71">Needles</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_131">131</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_KNIFE_Page_80">The Knife</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_HEN_Page_83">The Hen</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_SPARROW_Page_86">The Sparrow</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#HERBS_Page_90">Herbs</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#COFFEE_Page_93">Coffee</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#PAPER_Page_96">Paper</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_FLY_Page_99">The Fly</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_WASP_Page_102">The Wasp</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_SUNFLOWER_Page_104">The Sunflower</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_137">137</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_ROSE_Page_108">The Rose</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#WOOD_Page_111">Wood</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#COAL_Page_113">Coal</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#FIRE_Page_119">Fire</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CHAMBERS'S SCIENCE READERS.</h2>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<h2>BOOK I.</h2>
+
+<div class="center">
+<a name="THE_CAT_PART_I" id="THE_CAT_PART_I"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 489px;">
+<img src="images/illus-003.jpg" width="489" height="400" alt="He sat down on the rug with her." title="" />
+<span class="caption">He sat down on the rug with her.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>THE CAT.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 1.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>walk&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>knew</td><td align='left'>sheaths</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>watched</td><td align='left'>stroked</td><td align='left'>smooth</td><td align='left'>won&acute;-der</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ground</td><td align='left'>fore&acute;-paws</td><td align='left'>yawn</td><td align='left'>mis-take&acute;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>shak&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>toes</td><td align='left'>stretched</td><td align='left'>claw</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. Pussy came walking along the garden-path.
+Harry watched her, and saw
+that she did not like the damp ground.</p>
+
+<p>2. She jumped over the pools, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+then began to run, shaking her paws
+as she got to the house.</p>
+
+<p>3. 'Now, a dog does not mind wet
+feet,' Harry thought; 'he will go into
+the water, but Pussy will never go into
+the water.</p>
+
+<p>4. 'She does not even use water to
+wash herself. Come here, Pussy! You
+don't like to wet your nice fur, do you?'</p>
+
+<p>5. As Harry was always kind to pussy,
+she let him pick her up and carry her
+into the house.</p>
+
+<p>6. He sat down on the rug with her,
+and stroked her glossy back. One of
+her fore-paws rested on his hand, and
+he began to look at it.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Here are five toes,' he said,
+'but what funny toes they are!' He
+gently turned the paw over, and saw
+the sharp nails drawn in under the fur.</p>
+
+<p>8. The cat knew that he would not
+hurt her, so she kept her claws in, and
+let him feel them on the outside.</p>
+
+<p>9. He found under the paw a soft
+smooth pad. 'Now I know how it is
+that she can walk so softly!' he said.
+'This must help her to walk in that way.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>10. Here pussy gave a great yawn, and
+stretched out both her paws, claws and
+all. Harry saw the
+sharp nails like hooks,
+and watched them go
+back into their
+sheaths. Then she
+curled herself up on
+his lap.</p>
+
+<p>11. He took hold of
+one of her hind-feet,
+and found only four
+toes upon it. 'I wonder
+if this is a mistake,' he said, 'or
+if the other one is the same.' Yes, it
+was just the same: there were four
+toes, with a claw at the end of each.</p>
+
+<div class='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/illus-004.jpg" width="200" height="274" alt="Cat&#39;s Paw." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Cat&#39;s Paw.</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_CAT_PART_2" id="THE_CAT_PART_2"></a>THE CAT<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 2.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>knives</td><td align='left'>poured</td><td align='left'>touch</td><td align='left'>coun&acute;-tries</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>bot&acute;-tom</td><td align='left'>clean</td><td align='left'>rough</td><td align='left'>peo&acute;-ple</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>should</td><td align='left'>sauc&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>kit&acute;-chen</td><td align='left'>thought</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>tear&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>tongue</td><td align='left'>cous&acute;-ins</td><td align='left'>be-lieve&acute;</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'What long sharp teeth she has
+got!' cried Harry, as pussy sat up and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+opened her mouth. 'They look like
+knives. There are two at the top, and
+two at the bottom!</p>
+
+<p>2. 'I should not like my finger to be
+in the way when you shut your mouth.
+Your teeth must be for tearing and
+cutting: I am sure you do not chew
+your food as I have to do.</p>
+
+<p>3. 'And what a way you have of
+drinking!</p>
+
+<p>'Here, pussy, would you like some
+milk?' said Harry, and getting up, he
+poured a little milk into a clean saucer.</p>
+
+<p>4. The cat ran to it, and Harry went
+down on the floor close by to watch her
+drinking it.</p>
+
+<p>5. He saw that pussy's tongue was
+not smooth like his own, but had tiny
+points all over it. It came into his mind
+that she had once licked his face, and
+her tongue had a 'scrapy' feeling.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Do it again, pussy, dear,' he said,
+but she went on lapping up the milk.</p>
+
+<p>'May I touch your tongue, then, with
+one of my fingers?'</p>
+
+<p>7. But pussy did not like this. Then
+Harry took a drop or two of the milk<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+into the palm of his hand. And when
+the cat had taken all she had in the
+saucer, she came and licked up the milk
+in his hand.</p>
+
+<p>8. She went on licking even when all
+was gone, and Harry was able in this
+way to feel how rough her tongue was.</p>
+
+<p>9. Just then his mother came into
+the kitchen, and Harry told her what
+he had been doing.</p>
+
+<p>She asked:</p>
+
+<p>'Have you looked at pussy's eyes?'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'They are funny eyes,' he said;
+'they are green, but there is not much of
+them to be seen.'</p>
+
+<p>'Not just now,' said his mother, 'but
+she can open them wide when she likes.
+Then she can see even in the dark.'</p>
+
+<p>11. 'In the dark, mother? Well, she
+is not a bit like me!'</p>
+
+<p>'No, she is not like you. But she has
+plenty of cousins. Her cousins are the
+big lions and tigers, that live in hot
+countries, and eat sheep and horses, and
+even people when they can get them.'</p>
+
+<p>12. Harry thought a little, and then
+said: 'If I were as small as pussy is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
+now, and if pussy were as big as I am
+now, I believe she would eat me!'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_DOG" id="THE_DOG"></a>THE DOG.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>fol&acute;-lowed</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-dow</td><td align='left'>watched</td><td align='left'>Ber&acute;-nard</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>moth&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>noise</td><td align='left'>friend</td><td align='left'>shep&acute;-herd</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>hun&acute;-gry</td><td align='left'>la&acute;-zy</td><td align='left'>bur&acute;-ied</td><td align='left'>wrong</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>lone&acute;-ly</td><td align='left'>be-cause&acute;</td><td align='left'>e-nough&acute;</td><td align='left'>talk&acute;-ing</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. A poor lost dog followed Harry and
+his little sister home from school, and
+tried to come into the house.</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 473px;">
+<img src="images/illus-005.jpg" width="473" height="400" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. They shut the door; but, when they
+opened it again, the dog was still there.</p>
+
+<p>3. He looked so sad that they begged
+their mother to give him some food.
+Then they said: 'We can't turn him out
+again to be hungry and lonely! Let us
+keep him till some one comes for him.'
+And very soon all three were happy at
+play in the garden.</p>
+
+<p>4. The cat sat up on a window-sill, and
+looked at them. She did not seem to
+like the fun. What a noise they all made!</p>
+
+<p>5. 'How much nicer he is to play with
+than pussy!' said Dora. 'He is not nearly
+so lazy as pussy.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Look, he is wagging his tail with
+joy! Now, if pussy wags her tail, it
+means that she is cross. But I think I
+like her round face better than his
+sharp one.'</p>
+
+<p>7. 'I don't,' said Harry. 'See how
+bright he is, and how he looks as if
+he would like to do something for us!'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'That is because we have been kind
+to him. Hi, good dog!' and Dora threw
+her ball to the very end of the garden,
+and watched her new friend run after it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>9. 'Do you think, Harry,' she asked,
+'that he would save us if we were
+buried in the snow?'</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-006.jpg" width="500" height="329" alt="St Bernard Dog." title="" />
+<span class="caption">St Bernard Dog.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>'No, he is not a dog of that kind, and
+is not big enough. The big St Bernard
+dogs save people when they are lost in
+the snow.</p>
+
+<p>10. 'But all dogs are good for something.
+Look at the shepherd's dog.'</p>
+
+<p>'What can he do?'</p>
+
+<p>11. 'Oh, he is a wise fellow! He
+knows just where his master means the
+sheep to go, and, if they go the wrong
+way, he turns them back, and never hurts
+one of them. Why, the shepherd does<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+nothing but walk on, telling the dog
+now and again what to do.'</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-007.jpg" width="500" height="285" alt="The Sheep Dog." title="" />
+<span class="caption">The Sheep Dog.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>12. Here a dog barked on the road
+outside, and the dog in the garden
+pricked up his ears and barked too.</p>
+
+<p>'They are talking to each other,' said
+Dora.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BUTTERCUPS" id="BUTTERCUPS"></a>BUTTERCUPS.</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>chil&acute;-dren</td><td align='left'>hun&acute;-gry</td><td align='left'>piec&acute;-es</td><td align='left'>mid&acute;-dle</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>flow&acute;-ers</td><td align='left'>bas&acute;-ket</td><td align='left'>hair&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>break</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>dai&acute;-sy</td><td align='left'>ought</td><td align='left'>yel&acute;-low</td><td align='left'>leaves</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>chains</td><td align='left'>but&acute;-ter</td><td align='left'>threads</td><td align='left'>seeds</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. One day the children were out in
+the fields, running races, picking flowers,
+and making daisy-chains!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. When they began to feel tired and
+hungry, they got milk and cake out of
+mother's basket, and had a long rest on
+the dry, warm grass.</p>
+
+<p>3. 'How these buttercups shine!' said
+Dora; 'they look like gold!'</p>
+
+<p>'Gold-cups, they ought to be called,
+not butter-cups,' said Harry. 'They look
+like cups, don't they?'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'But they would not hold water
+like real cups. Look at this one; it is
+in five pieces.'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'Five? Oh yes! And look underneath.
+There is another sort of cup
+with five leaves in it.'</p>
+
+<p>'Only it is not bright and golden, but
+green and hairy.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Now, you found that out, and I
+found the five yellow leaves. It is my
+turn again. I can see yellow threads
+standing up in a ring all round the
+middle of the cup, and their tops are
+thick.'</p>
+
+<p>7. 'It is my turn now! In the very
+middle there is a green heap. It looks
+as if the yellow threads were taking
+care of it.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Oh, the heap is all made up of little
+round things! Look, I can pull it to
+pieces.'</p>
+
+<div class='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/illus-008.jpg" width="350" height="486" alt="Butter-cup." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Butter-cup.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>8. 'So can I,' said Harry; 'here is one,
+here is another! They are not round
+after all, do you see? Each is round at
+the bottom, but has a little bent horn at
+the top.'</p>
+
+<p>9. 'They must be seeds. I will break<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+one open. Oh no! Just look, there is
+a little ball inside. Have you found a
+ball in yours?'</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, there is a ball in every one.
+It must be a seed, or a little egg.'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'Birds have eggs,' said Dora,
+'plants have seeds.'</p>
+
+<p>'Well, it is all the same thing,' said
+Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'I think the green thing with a horn
+is only a case to take care of the
+seed.'</p>
+
+<p>11. 'All these things seem to take care
+of each other. First, the green leaves
+at the back take care of the yellow
+cup.'</p>
+
+<p>'And the yellow cup takes care of the
+yellow threads.'</p>
+
+<p>'And the yellow threads take care of
+the green cases.'</p>
+
+<p>'And the green cases take care of the
+seeds.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/illus-009.jpg" width="300" height="173" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='center'>
+<a name="DAISIES_AND_BUTTERCUPS" id="DAISIES_AND_BUTTERCUPS"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-010.jpg" width="500" height="359" alt="Daisies." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Daisies.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>DAISIES AND BUTTERCUPS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>mead&acute;-ows</td><td align='left'>maid&acute;-en</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-ter</td><td align='left'>ground</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>stalk</td><td align='left'>light&acute;-ly</td><td align='left'>cun&acute;-ning</td><td align='left'>chil&acute;-dren</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>cov&acute;-ered</td><td align='left'>ten&acute;-der</td><td align='left'>dai&acute;-sy</td><td align='left'>moss&acute;-y</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>yel&acute;-low</td><td align='left'>tread</td><td align='left'>straight</td><td align='left'>but&acute;-ter</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<h3>I.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1. I'm a pretty little thing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Always coming with the spring;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In the meadows green I'm found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Peeping just above the ground.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And my stalk is covered flat<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With a white and yellow hat.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">2. Little maiden, when you pass<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Lightly o'er the tender grass,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
+<span class="i2">Step aside and do not tread<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On my meek and lowly head;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For I always seem to say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">'Chilly winter's gone away.'<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h4>II.</h4>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1.  I'm a cunning little thing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Coming also with the spring.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Near the daisy I am found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Standing straight above the ground;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And my head is covered flat<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With a glossy, yellow hat.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">2.  Little children, when you pass<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Through the tall and waving grass,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Do not pluck, but gently tread<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Near my low and mossy bed;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For I always seem to say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">'Milk and butter fresh to-day.'<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WHEAT_PART_1" id="WHEAT_PART_1"></a>WHEAT.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 1.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>field</td><td align='left'>bas&acute;-ket</td><td align='left'>grains</td><td align='left'>joints</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>fa&acute;-ther</td><td align='left'>watched</td><td align='left'>east</td><td align='left'>be-lieve&acute;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>wheat</td><td align='left'>threw</td><td align='left'>morn&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>for&acute;-est</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>plough</td><td align='left'>har&acute;-row</td><td align='left'>earth</td><td align='left'>stalks</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. There was a very little field at the
+bottom of the garden, and father made
+up his mind to grow wheat in it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. A friend kindly lent him a horse
+and plough, and the soil was quickly
+turned over. A few days afterwards the
+seed was sown.</p>
+
+<p>3. The children helped to do this.</p>
+
+<p>They got up very early one morning
+and went out with their father. Harry
+had a bag full of wheat, and Dora had a
+little basket.</p>
+
+<div class='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 474px;">
+<img src="images/illus-011.jpg" width="474" height="400" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>4. They watched what their father did,
+then dipped their hands into the wheat,
+and threw it out over the earth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>5. After that, the horse came again
+with a harrow, to cover the seed over
+with soil, and it was left to grow.</p>
+
+<p>6. It seemed strange to think that
+those little hard grains would grow up
+to be tall plants and have other grains
+upon them.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'I hope we shall have some nice
+soft rain,' said father, as they left the
+field.</p>
+
+<p>8. Many days went by, rain came
+again and again. There was sunshine,
+too; but sometimes the east winds blew.</p>
+
+<p>9. Dora and Harry went out every
+morning to look at the field. But they
+always came in saying that there was
+nothing but brown earth to be seen.</p>
+
+<p>10. At last, one morning they came in
+running and jumping. 'Our wheat is
+up! There are tiny green leaves all over
+the field!'</p>
+
+<p>11. After this there was always something
+fresh to see. The wheat-plants
+grew taller, and put out long leaves.</p>
+
+<p>12. Dora said one day that they looked
+like grass, and her mother told her
+that wheat was a large kind of grass.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Look at the shape of the leaves,' she
+said, 'and the joints in the stems.'</p>
+
+<p>13. The wheat soon grew so tall that it
+stood above the heads of the children.
+They used to go in among it, and make
+believe that they were lost in a great
+forest.</p>
+
+<p>14. One day, when they were lost like
+this, they saw that the tops of the
+stalks had opened. Inside there were
+green stems with green ears upon them.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WHEAT_PART_2" id="WHEAT_PART_2"></a>WHEAT.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 2.</span></h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>heard</td><td align='left'>seemed</td><td align='left'>truck</td><td align='left'>han&acute;-dle</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>talk&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>sur-prise&acute;</td><td align='left'>mean</td><td align='left'>min&acute;-utes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>har&acute;-vest</td><td align='left'>rail&acute;-way</td><td align='left'>flour</td><td align='left'>treat</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>sup&acute;-per</td><td align='left'>heav&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>lis&acute;-ten</td><td align='left'>tea</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. Every day the ears grew larger and
+harder, and then they began to look
+yellow.</p>
+
+<p>2. The children, too, heard their
+father and mother talking about their
+golden grain, and saying it was ripe.</p>
+
+<p>3. At last, one very hot day, they
+found that the time had come to cut the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
+wheat. A kind friend came to help, and
+Harry and Dora and the new dog jumped
+about and ran in and out, and thought
+that they helped too.</p>
+
+<p>4. The children talked much about
+their harvest, and mother made them a
+harvest-supper. What a day it was!</p>
+
+<p>5. It seemed so odd to have a bin
+full of grain just like the grain they
+had sown in the spring.</p>
+
+<p>6. And now there was a great surprise
+for them. A railway-man came with a
+heavy box on a truck, and when the box
+was opened, what do you think there
+was inside?</p>
+
+<p>A mill&mdash;a fine new wheat-mill!</p>
+
+<p>7. 'We do not need now to go to the
+miller!' said mother, looking very glad.
+'We are going to have a miller in our
+own house&mdash;no, two millers, I ought to
+say!'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Two millers!' cried Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'Do you mean Harry and me?' asked
+Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, my dear children, I mean you.
+You are going to be my dusty millers!</p>
+
+<p>9. 'I will show you how much you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
+are to grind, just a little every day.
+You must put it into this big red pan,
+and cover it up, and when I want to
+bake I shall always have plenty of flour
+ready.</p>
+
+<p>10. 'And listen! You shall have a
+penny each every week for doing the
+work.'</p>
+
+<p>At this Dora and Harry jumped for
+joy, clapped their hands, and ran to their
+mother to hug her.</p>
+
+<p>11. Then she put some of the wheat
+into the mill, took hold of the handle,
+and made the wheel go round. Harry
+next took his turn, and Dora hers, and
+in a few minutes they found in the box
+below a heap of nice soft flour.</p>
+
+<p>12. 'Now,' said mother, 'let us give
+father a treat when he comes home!
+We will make some nice cakes with this
+flour, and have them for tea! Grind a
+little more, dear millers, while I make
+up the fire.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="center">
+<a name="SLATE_PART_1" id="SLATE_PART_1"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 467px;">
+<img src="images/illus-012.jpg" width="467" height="400" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>SLATE.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 1.</span></h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>rid&acute;-dle</td><td align='left'>won&acute;-der</td><td align='left'>sup-pose&acute;</td><td align='left'>smooth</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ex-act&acute;-ly</td><td align='left'>bought</td><td align='left'>fin&acute;-gers</td><td align='left'>re-mem&acute;-ber</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>guessed</td><td align='left'>Sat&acute;-ur-day</td><td align='left'>met&acute;-al</td><td align='left'>piece</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. 'What is the oldest thing in this
+room?' asked the mother one day.</p>
+
+<p>'Is this a riddle?'</p>
+
+<p>'No, not exactly.'</p>
+
+<p>2. Dora guessed one thing, and Harry
+another, and at last they gave up guessing.
+'Unless,' said Harry, 'it is the
+fender, or the poker.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. 'It is very likely that the thing
+you were drawing on just now is older
+than any of those.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'That slate? Why, mother!' cried
+the children, opening their eyes wide
+with wonder, 'you bought it only last
+Saturday!'</p>
+
+<p>'So I did. But it was not made
+last Saturday.'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'No, I suppose the man cut it,
+and made the frame, and fixed it on
+before that.'</p>
+
+<p>'Perhaps on Friday,' said Dora.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'But the slate itself,' the mother
+went on, 'where did that come from?
+Did the man make it?'</p>
+
+<p>Harry and Dora looked well at it,
+turned it over, rubbed their fingers on it,
+and said they did not know.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Well, would you say it is like wood,
+or like stone, or is it metal like the poker?
+Is it a kind of wood, do you think? Did
+it ever grow?'</p>
+
+<p>'I think it must be a sort of rock, or
+stone,' said Harry, 'only very smooth
+and thin.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'The man who worked at it before<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+it came to the shop made it smooth
+and cut it thin. It was not smooth and
+thin at first. But you are quite right;
+it is a sort of stone.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 361px;">
+<img src="images/illus-013.jpg" width="361" height="500" alt="A Slate Quarry" title="" />
+<span class="caption">A Slate Quarry</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>9. 'It is as cold as a stone,' said Dora,
+putting it against her face. 'Do you
+remember, Harry, how cold our hands<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+were in winter when we did sums? Yes,
+and it is very hard. I am sure it is a
+piece of rock.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SLATE" id="SLATE"></a>SLATE.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 2.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>should</td><td align='left'>laugh&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>set&acute;-tled</td><td align='left'>weighted</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>laughed</td><td align='left'>pur&acute;-pose</td><td align='left'>hap&acute;-pened</td><td align='left'>through</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>high&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>prop&acute;-er-ly</td><td align='left'>deal</td><td align='left'>heaved</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>please</td><td align='left'>dead</td><td align='left'>brok&acute;-en</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'I should like to see a rock all made
+of slate! Have you ever seen one,
+mother?'</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, many, dear. But there are
+none near.' Then she laughed a little.
+'But if you like to go just outside the
+door you will see rows and rows of slates.'</p>
+
+<p>2. Out they ran, looked all over the
+ground, then at the garden-wall, then
+back at their mother, who had come to
+the door.</p>
+
+<p>'Look at the house,' she said, 'look
+higher!'</p>
+
+<p>3. 'Oh, we never thought of the roof,'
+they cried, and ran in again laughing.
+'But those slates are not so nice and
+smooth as our slates.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Your slates are made smooth on
+purpose. Besides, they are made of
+better slate&mdash;older slate. The older the
+slate is the better it is.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'How old?'</p>
+
+<p>'No one knows. It is a long story,
+and no one can tell it properly. Shall I
+tell you as much as I know?'</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, do, please, mother!' and the two
+settled themselves at her feet.</p>
+
+<p>5. 'Well,' she began, 'once upon a
+time there was a great stir at the bottom
+of the sea. The heat and gas under the
+ground broke through and pushed out
+everything that was in the way.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Stones, ashes, and dust came flying
+up through the water, and then fell
+back into the water again. When all
+was quiet, they settled down at the
+bottom of the sea, and became mud.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'All this happened many times, till
+there was a great deal of mud. Then,
+little by little, the mud was covered up
+by other things.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'What sort of things?'</p>
+
+<p>'Dead fish, perhaps, and shells, and
+sand and mud that had been brought by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
+rivers into the sea. These things lay on
+the top of the mud and weighed it down.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'The heat under the bottom of the
+sea still kept up, and made the mud
+very hot, and baked it through. At
+last it gave a great push, and heaved
+the mud up above the water, so that it
+became dry land.</p>
+
+<p>10. 'In other ways it was made harder
+and harder, until it was turned into
+rock. And now we call it slate.
+Here is a bit of your old broken slate.
+See if you can turn it into mud again!'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHALK_PART_1" id="CHALK_PART_1"></a>CHALK.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 1.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>a-cross&acute;</td><td align='left'>piece</td><td align='left'>wheat</td><td align='left'>earth</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>morn&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>teach&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>col&acute;-ours</td><td align='left'>brown</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>chalk&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>black&acute;-board</td><td align='left'>fetch</td><td align='left'>moist</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>picked</td><td align='left'>spread&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>laughed</td><td align='left'>through</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. A few days after this, Dora and
+Harry were going across the fields.
+They saw a horse and cart standing, and
+a man taking white stones out of the
+cart and putting them over the ground.</p>
+
+<p>2. 'Why, it is Joe!' they cried, as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>
+they came nearer. 'Good-morning, Joe.
+What are you doing?'</p>
+
+<p>'Chalking this bit of land, you see.
+You know what chalk is, do you?'</p>
+
+<p>3. Harry and Dora picked up a piece
+or two.</p>
+
+<p>'Teacher writes on the blackboard
+with chalk,' they said.</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, you are right. It is used for
+many things,' and he went on spreading
+it over the field.</p>
+
+<p>4. 'But what is it wanted here for,
+Joe?'</p>
+
+<p>'No chalk, no wheat!' said Joe.</p>
+
+<p>'Father put no chalk on our field, and
+we had such a heap of wheat!'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'Yours is good land. This up here
+has never been used for farming. It had
+little old trees on it, you know, and they
+were cut down and their roots dug out of
+the ground; and now, look at it! It is
+poor soil.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'How do you know it is poor?'</p>
+
+<p>'Look at the field below, what a
+nice brown it is! That will grow anything,
+but this is all colours&mdash;black, red,
+yellow, and green.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>7. 'I have been a long way to fetch this
+chalk: I started off with old Dobbin this
+morning before it was light, and got it
+out of the chalk-pit.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'When we were fast asleep!' said
+Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'Then you don't buy chalk at a shop?'
+said Harry.</p>
+
+<p>Joe laughed.</p>
+
+<p>'No; it comes out of the ground.'</p>
+
+<p>'This is like the slate story,' said Dora.</p>
+
+<p>Harry nodded.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'But, Joe, I want to know how the
+chalk makes the ground good.'</p>
+
+<p>'I don't know how, but it does. If
+it lies here for a year or more, the earth
+will turn brown, and we can grow wheat
+in it. Besides, chalk holds water, and so
+it will keep the ground moist up here.'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'How?'</p>
+
+<p>'Well, when it rains, the water will not
+run away through the earth, but will
+stay in the lumps of chalk. Are you
+going? Good-bye, then.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="center">
+<a name="CHALK_PART_2" id="CHALK_PART_2"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 498px;">
+<img src="images/illus-014.jpg" width="498" height="418" alt="&#39;Fizz and bubble, bubble and fizz.&#39;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&#39;Fizz and bubble, bubble and fizz.&#39;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>CHALK.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 2.</span></h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>eve&acute;-ning</td><td align='left'>air</td><td align='left'>hun&acute;-dreds</td><td align='left'>catch</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>brought</td><td align='left'>stirred</td><td align='left'>smiled</td><td align='left'>died</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>vin&acute;-e-gar</td><td align='left'>poured</td><td align='left'>crowds</td><td align='left'>dropped</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>bub&acute;-ble</td><td align='left'>grains</td><td align='left'>threads</td><td align='left'>mixed</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. The children had much to say that
+evening about Joe and the field. They
+had brought home a lump of chalk.</p>
+
+<p>2. 'I will show you something,' said
+father, and he got a cup of vinegar,
+crushed a little of the chalk, and dropped
+it into the cup.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Fizz and bubble, bubble and fizz!</p>
+
+<p>3. What was going on?</p>
+
+<p>When the stir came to an end, the
+chalk was not there!</p>
+
+<p>'Part of it has gone off in gas,' their
+father said. 'The rest is lime, and it is
+mixed with the vinegar.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'We did not see any gas,' said
+Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'You can't see gas. It is like air. All
+those bubbles were made by the gas. It
+went out of the cup into the air.</p>
+
+<p>'Now, get a cup of water. Come
+along! Where is your chalk?'</p>
+
+<p>5. Father rubbed some of it into the
+water, and stirred it up. The water
+now looked like milk.</p>
+
+<p>Father poured it into the sink, and
+showed Harry and Dora, at the bottom
+of the cup, a great many tiny grains.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Those little round things,' he said,
+'are shells.'</p>
+
+<p>'Shells!' said Dora, trying to see them
+better.</p>
+
+<p>'Were live things ever in them?' asked
+Harry, and put a finger into the cup to
+fish some out.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>7. 'Yes, long, long ago. That bit of
+chalk had hundreds and hundreds of
+shells in it. Now, mother, it is your
+turn! I have had mine. What do you
+know about chalk?'</p>
+
+<p>8. Mother smiled and began: 'There
+was once a very deep sea, full of live
+things, little and big. And on the top
+of the water were crowds of tiny things
+in shells, that put out long arms like
+threads to catch their food.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'When they died they all dropped
+to the bottom of the sea, and lay there.
+The shells were so very little that they
+made a sort of mud when they were
+mixed with the water.</p>
+
+<p>'And now the mud is dry, and we call
+it chalk!'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_MOUSE" id="THE_MOUSE"></a>THE MOUSE.</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>an&acute;-i-mal</td><td align='left'>har&acute;-vest</td><td align='left'>tail</td><td align='left'>squeak</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>noise</td><td align='left'>stalk</td><td align='left'>nib&acute;-ble</td><td align='left'>hours</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>mouse</td><td align='left'>should</td><td align='left'>young</td><td align='left'>leaves</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>cheese</td><td align='left'>four</td><td align='left'>beasts</td><td align='left'>catch</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. Harry came running in one day
+to say that he had seen a little animal in
+the field.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. 'It ran so fast, I could hardly see it.
+I looked a long time for it, and so did
+Dora, but we could not find it. Now,
+what do you think it could be, mother?'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-015.jpg" width="500" height="297" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>3. Then in came Dora, 'It had a long
+tail, and was very little, and made no
+noise at all.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'It may have been a mouse,' said
+their mother; 'very likely it was.'</p>
+
+<p>'But mice live indoors, do they not,
+and eat cheese, and run about in the
+walls, and make holes?'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'How do you know all this?'</p>
+
+<p>'I have heard them at grandmother's,'
+said Harry. 'Do they ever
+live out of doors?'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>6. 'A good many do. There is a
+pretty little thing called a harvest-mouse.
+It makes a nest like a bird's, and hangs
+it up on a stalk of wheat.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illus-016.jpg" width="250" height="340" alt="The Harvest Mouse and Nest." title="" />
+<span class="caption">The Harvest Mouse and Nest.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>7. 'I wish there
+had been one in our
+wheat!' said Dora.
+'I should like to see
+the little nest and
+the baby-mice peeping
+out. They must
+be very, very small.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Yes, the harvest-mouse
+is the
+very smallest four-footed
+animal we
+have. Then there is
+a field-mouse with a long tail, and a field-mouse
+with a short tail. Mr Short-tail
+likes to nibble at young trees.'</p>
+
+<p>'Ah, that is not our mouse! He had
+a long tail.'</p>
+
+<p>9. 'And then there is a wood-mouse.'</p>
+
+<p>'Has he a short tail or long tail?'
+asked Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'Long. I must tell you about a man
+who used to go out in the night in wild<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>
+places to see what birds and beasts were
+doing when most of us were in bed.</p>
+
+<p>10. 'One of the things he found out
+was that field-mice could sing!'</p>
+
+<p>'Don't they squeak?'</p>
+
+<p>'Yes; and he often heard them go on
+for hours making a kind of singing.</p>
+
+<p>11. 'Sometimes they were close by him
+as he lay on the ground, and he would
+put out his hand to catch one. But
+when he opened it again it was full of
+grass or moss or leaves; and there was
+no mouse.'</p>
+
+<p>'Did he never catch one?'</p>
+
+<p>'Never.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_FIELD-MOUSE" id="THE_FIELD-MOUSE"></a>THE FIELD-MOUSE.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>tum&acute;-bles</td><td align='left'>scarce&acute;-ly</td><td align='left'>farm&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>reared&acute;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ber&acute;-ry</td><td align='left'>weath&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>stacks</td><td align='left'>un-der-neath&acute;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>brown</td><td align='left'>nib&acute;-bling</td><td align='left'>treas&acute;-ure</td><td align='left'>shad&acute;-ow</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>mer&acute;-ry</td><td align='left'>fruits</td><td align='left'>pleas&acute;-ure</td><td align='left'>mead&acute;-ow</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1.  Where the acorn tumbles down,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Where the ash-tree sheds its berry,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With your fur so soft and brown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">With your eyes so soft and merry,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Scarcely moving the long grass,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Field-mouse, I can see you pass.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">2.  Little thing, in what dark den,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Lie you all the winter sleeping,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Till warm weather comes again?<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Then once more I see you peeping<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Round about the tall tree roots,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nibbling at their fallen fruits.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">3.  Field-mouse, field-mouse, do not go,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Where the farmer stacks his treasure;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Find the nut that falls below,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Eat the acorn at your pleasure;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But you must not eat the grain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">He has reared with so much pain.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">4.  Make your hole where mosses spring,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Underneath the tall oak's shadow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Pretty, quiet, harmless thing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Play about the sunny meadow;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Keep away from corn and house,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">None will harm you, little mouse.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illus-017.jpg" width="250" height="171" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="center">
+<a name="THE_RABBIT" id="THE_RABBIT"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-018.jpg" width="500" height="451" alt="&#39;Oh, look at that one going into a hole.&#39;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&#39;Oh, look at that one going into a hole.&#39;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h2>THE RABBIT.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>moth&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>friends</td><td align='left'>morn&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>fight</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>rab&acute;-bits</td><td align='left'>Sat&acute;-ur-day</td><td align='left'>beat&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>meant</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>dare&acute;-say</td><td align='left'>an&acute;-i-mals</td><td align='left'>knock</td><td align='left'>dan&acute;-ger</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p>1. Harry and Dora were coming home
+with their mother from a long walk, when
+they saw some rabbits playing about on
+the grass.</p>
+
+<p>2. They wished to stay and watch them,
+and the three sat down on a log a little
+way off.</p>
+
+<p>'Oh, look at that one going into a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>
+hole!' said Dora. 'See his funny tail.
+Why is he going into a hole?'</p>
+
+<p>3. 'That is his house,' said their
+mother. 'I daresay he is sleepy and
+wants to go to bed.'</p>
+
+<p>'He goes early, then, like the birds?'</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, about sunset. He gets up a
+little before sunrise.</p>
+
+<p>4. 'There goes another! They will
+soon all be gone.'</p>
+
+<p>'Then we can look at their houses?'</p>
+
+<p>'Only at their front doors. If you
+were to sit quite still over there in the
+day-time, you would see the rabbits
+popping in and out.</p>
+
+<p>5. 'After a time they would find out
+that you were their friends, and then you
+would be able to watch their doings.'</p>
+
+<p>6. Then mother told them more about
+the man who often stayed out all night
+to see what animals did. 'One morning,
+before it was quite light, he heard a tap-tap
+near him, and saw a rabbit beating
+on the ground with his hind-feet close to
+another rabbit's hole.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'He saw him go to another hole
+and tap there, and then to another.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>
+Some holes he passed and did not knock
+at all.</p>
+
+<p>'At last he had just begun tap-tapping
+in front of a hole, when out rushed a big
+rabbit. They began to fight, and they
+both rolled down to the bottom of the
+hill.</p>
+
+<p>8. 'The man often saw rabbits tapping
+like this. Sometimes two or three would
+come out to speak to the one that tapped,
+and they seemed to have a friendly chat.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'There was another sound they
+could make with their hind-feet. If
+one of them made it, the others would
+run into their holes as fast as they
+could. It meant danger.'</p>
+
+<p>'What was it like?' asked Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'<i>Tap-pat.</i>'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IVY" id="IVY"></a>IVY.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>win&acute;-ter</td><td align='left'>be-tween&acute;</td><td align='left'>straight</td><td align='left'>thread</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>vase</td><td align='left'>pur&acute;-pose</td><td align='left'>veins</td><td align='left'>ten&acute;-der</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>changed</td><td align='left'>um-brel&acute;-la</td><td align='left'>flow&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>mouth</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>sprays</td><td align='left'>mid&acute;-dle</td><td align='left'>thick&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>use&acute;-ful</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p>1. Some sprigs of ivy had been standing
+all the winter in a vase. The water<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
+had often been changed, and the leaves
+washed.</p>
+
+<p>2. When spring came each spray began
+to put out buds. The buds were not all
+at the ends of the sprays, but came out
+also close to the old leaves.</p>
+
+<p>3. At last there was a very small bud
+between every old leaf and the stem.
+When the first bud opened into a leaf,
+Dora and Harry clapped their hands, and
+called every one to look.</p>
+
+<p>4. 'How clean and sweet it is!' cried
+Dora. 'And do you see something like
+wool or hair on it?'</p>
+
+<p>'How curly it is!' said Harry. 'It is
+not quite open yet. Why, it is like a
+hand! All the leaves look rather like
+hands, don't they? See; one, two, three,
+four, five!'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'Look at this old leaf against the
+light,' said the mother; 'now you can
+see the five long fingers. But people call
+them ribs, not fingers! They are for
+the purpose of keeping the leaf spread
+out.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Like the ribs of an umbrella,'
+said Harry. 'They seem very strong;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
+the middle one, which goes up straight
+from the stem, is the strongest of all.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/illus-019.jpg" width="400" height="559" alt="Spray of Ivy." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Spray of Ivy.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>7. Dora was holding up one spray after
+another to the light. 'What are all
+these pretty marks on the leaves, mother,
+lines crossing about all ways?'</p>
+
+<p>'Those are veins, dear. They carry
+the sap that feeds the leaves.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>8. 'What is sap?'</p>
+
+<p>'The blood of plants and trees.'</p>
+
+<p>'Oh,' said Dora, 'then that is the wet
+that comes out when I pick a flower or
+cut a leaf!</p>
+
+<p>9. 'But look at this!' and she held up
+one of the sprays.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of it was a little bunch of
+white, curly roots. Each root was not
+much thicker than a thread.</p>
+
+<p>10. 'Don't touch them,' said the
+mother; 'roots are very tender things.'</p>
+
+<p>'What is the good of them?' asked
+Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'What is your mouth useful for?'
+asked her mother.</p>
+
+<p>11. 'Oh, do you mean that the ivy
+eats and drinks?'</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, that is what I mean. These
+roots take out of the water, or out of
+the earth, all sorts of things good for
+the food of the plant. They then send
+them up into the stem and on into the
+leaves.'</p>
+
+<p>12. 'Mother,' said Harry, 'let us go
+and plant all this ivy. I am sure it
+wants to try the taste of the earth!'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_TREE" id="A_TREE"></a>A TREE.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>rab&acute;-bits</td><td align='left'>spread</td><td align='left'>birch</td><td align='left'>caught</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>shoots</td><td align='left'>rough</td><td align='left'>beech</td><td align='left'>oak</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ta&acute;-ble</td><td align='left'>heard</td><td align='left'>branch&acute;-es</td><td align='left'>found</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. 'Let us go over to that log where
+we sat when we saw the rabbits,' said
+Dora to Harry.</p>
+
+<p>2. 'All right! We can play at ship,
+and the grass shall be the sea.'</p>
+
+<p>'Or we can have see-saw, if we can
+find some wood to lay across the log.'</p>
+
+<p>3. They were soon at the log, and on it
+they sat down, and looked about them.</p>
+
+<p>The log was the trunk of an old oak,
+and a little way off stood the stump, with
+many new shoots and leaves coming out
+all round it.</p>
+
+<p>4. Dora went and stood on it, and
+called out that she was on a hill. She
+jumped off and on a few times, and then
+said it would make a good table, and
+they might have tea on it.</p>
+
+<p>5. Harry found that the stump had
+roots that spread out all round for a
+long way.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'How thick and hard they are!' he
+said; 'come and feel this one!'</p>
+
+<div class='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-020.jpg" width="500" height="428" alt="It is all marked in rings." title="" />
+<span class="caption">It is all marked in rings.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>'It is not like the roots we saw on the
+ivy,' she said. 'Now look at the top of
+the stump. It is all marked in rings.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'In the very middle there is a little
+light spot, and then come dark rings,
+and then more rings outside. Father
+once told me these rings showed how old
+the trees were. And do you see lines
+coming away from the middle?'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>7. 'They look like the rays of the sun,
+which I draw on my slate,' said Dora.
+'What a rough coat this tree had!
+Come and feel the outside of the log.'</p>
+
+<p>'That is the bark! I have heard
+father talk about bark.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Well, I shall call it the coat. It is
+the tree's overcoat to keep him warm
+and dry. But trees do not all seem to
+have rough coats. Look at that one!'
+and she ran over to a little birch, and
+pulled off some of its thin bark.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'I have found a fine tree!' cried
+Harry; and Dora came running to look
+at it.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;">
+<img src="images/illus-021.jpg" width="450" height="215" alt="Leaves of the Beech and the Oak." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Leaves of the Beech and the Oak.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>10. It was a beech, with a great round
+smooth trunk and long strong branches.
+Harry jumped up and caught at a leaf<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+or two, and then went to pick an oak-leaf.
+He laid them side by side on his hand
+and looked at them, and found they were
+not at all alike.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BRICKS" id="BRICKS"></a>BRICKS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>stopped</td><td align='left'>trow&acute;-el</td><td align='left'>teach&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>breaks</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>emp&acute;-ty</td><td align='left'>struck</td><td align='left'>re&acute;-al-ly</td><td align='left'>moulds</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>mor&acute;-tar</td><td align='left'>picked</td><td align='left'>clay</td><td align='left'>nice&acute;-ly</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>sound</td><td align='left'>size</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-ter</td><td align='left'>ov&acute;-en</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. Two men were making a wall by
+the road-side, and Harry and Dora
+stopped to look at them.</p>
+
+<p>2. Another man was going away
+with a horse and cart. The cart was
+empty, but it had been full of red bricks.
+The men were putting these bricks
+on the wall and making them fast with
+mortar.</p>
+
+<p>3. Dora liked the sound which the
+trowel made when it struck against the
+wall. Harry picked up one of the bricks
+and looked at it, and then Dora must
+look at one too.</p>
+
+<p>4. They found that the bricks were
+light and easy to lift. They also saw<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>
+that they were all of the same size and
+shape, as if they had been made, and
+not dug out of the ground.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-022.jpg" width="500" height="429" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>5. They did not like to ask the men
+about them, and so they put the bricks
+down, and set off on their way home.</p>
+
+<p>6. As they went they met their
+teacher, who stopped and spoke to
+them, so Harry asked her to tell them
+what bricks really were.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'I wish there were a brick-field
+near,' she said, 'and then we would go<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>
+and see it! But I can tell you a little
+about it.</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Bricks are made of clay, and clay
+is dug out of the ground. Men dig it
+before winter comes, and let it lie out
+all the winter, and the frost breaks it
+up nicely for them.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'The next thing is to mix it well
+into a paste, and then it is put into
+moulds.'</p>
+
+<p>'What are moulds?' Harry asked.</p>
+
+<p>'Well, these moulds are like boxes with
+no bottom or top.'</p>
+
+<p>'Only sides, then?' said Dora.</p>
+
+<p>10. 'Yes, they have two long sides,
+and two short ones, and they hold the
+soft, wet clay.</p>
+
+<p>'You may call them clay-puddings
+before they are put into the hot oven.
+When they are taken out, what do you
+think they are? They are bricks!'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/illus-023.jpg" width="200" height="172" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="center">
+<a name="A_DONKEY" id="A_DONKEY"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-024.jpg" width="500" height="379" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>A DONKEY.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>bot&acute;-tom</td><td align='left'>fruit</td><td align='left'>ap-ple</td><td align='left'>feast</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>lane</td><td align='left'>this&acute;-tles</td><td align='left'>car&acute;-rot</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-dow</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>don&acute;-key</td><td align='left'>hedge</td><td align='left'>touch</td><td align='left'>shag&acute;-gy</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>load</td><td align='left'>rough</td><td align='left'>mor&acute;-row</td><td align='left'>tuft</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p>1. At the bottom of the lane lived a
+donkey. Harry and Dora knew him
+well. They often met him going to town
+with a load of fruit, and they saw him
+in the lane every day cropping the grass
+and thistles by the hedge-side.</p>
+
+<p>2. He knew them, too, for they would
+stop to pat his rough sides, or give him
+an apple or a carrot.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. They wondered how he could eat
+such prickly things as thistles. A horse
+would never touch them.</p>
+
+<p>4. One day his master took him into
+the garden while he was working. He
+let Neddy go up and down the paths and
+crop the grass, which had grown long on
+the little grass-plot.</p>
+
+<p>5. The donkey did not once try to get
+at the pears and apples; he did not
+even look at them.</p>
+
+<p>6. His master was pleased, and said
+to his wife: 'It is quite safe to leave the
+gate open, and let Neddy come into the
+garden when he likes. I shall be away
+to-morrow, but you need not look after
+him. He will be all right.'</p>
+
+<p>7. Next day, Neddy walked into the
+garden, found that no one was there,
+and began to eat the fruit. He had
+a good feast before his mistress saw him
+from the window.</p>
+
+<p>8. Then he was driven out, and the
+gate was shut. After that he always
+had to find his dinner in the lane.</p>
+
+<p>9. The children saw him one day feeding
+with a white horse that had come<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>
+down from the farm, and they stopped
+to talk to them.</p>
+
+<p>10. Then Dora said to Harry:</p>
+
+<p>'They are like each other, and yet not
+like! Neddy has a shaggy coat.'</p>
+
+<p>'And his mane is short, and stands
+up.'</p>
+
+<p>'His ears are very long.'</p>
+
+<p>'His tail is not like Snowflake's tail;
+and, see, it has a little tuft at the end
+of it!'</p>
+
+<p>'And Snowflake is much taller.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SHEEP" id="SHEEP"></a>SHEEP.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>chalk</td><td align='left'>hedge</td><td align='left'>chew&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>for-got&acute;-ten</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>wheth&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>tear&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>though</td><td align='left'>brought</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>earth</td><td align='left'>swal&acute;-low</td><td align='left'>re-mem&acute;-ber</td><td align='left'>mouth</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. The next time that Dora and Harry
+were out, they ran up to the place where
+they had met Joe. They wished to see
+how the chalk was getting on, and
+whether the earth was brown yet.</p>
+
+<p>2. After that they went over a stile
+into a field where many sheep were
+feeding. The sheep began to move away
+when they saw the boy and girl coming.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. Then said Harry: 'Let us try
+mother's plan of keeping quite still and
+letting them see that we don't want to
+hurt them.'</p>
+
+<p>4. So they sat down under a hedge
+and looked at the sheep for a long
+time, and soon one and another began
+to come near, eating away at the
+grass.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-025.jpg" width="500" height="427" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>5. 'I like that sound of tearing off the
+grass, don't you?' said Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'Do you see they swallow it all at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span>
+once?' said Harry. 'What would mother
+say to us if we ate without chewing?'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'There is some chewing going on,
+though. Look over there!' and she
+showed him some sheep that were lying
+down in the grass.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Oh, now I know! Don't you remember,
+Dora, father told us once what
+the cow does. It was that day we had
+tea at the farm.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'No, I don't remember. We saw
+the cows milked, and I had some new
+milk in a glass. I don't think father
+told me!'</p>
+
+<p>9. 'Yes, he did. You must have forgotten.
+He said that the cow sent her
+food down into a big bag inside, and
+then it went into a smaller bag, where
+it was rolled up into little balls. And
+when the cow lay down to rest, she
+brought them up into her mouth and
+chewed them well.'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'I should think the sheep must be
+doing the same thing. Look at this fat
+one close by! She is just sitting down.
+Now watch!'</p>
+
+<p>'Yes, I can see her chewing! How<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>
+funny it is! They all look as if they
+liked it, don't they?'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_SHEEP" id="THE_SHEEP"></a>THE SHEEP.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>la&acute;-zy</td><td align='left'>clothes</td><td align='left'>scant&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>mer&acute;-ry</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>pleas&acute;-ant</td><td align='left'>chil&acute;-ly</td><td align='left'>com&acute;-mon</td><td align='left'>wool&acute;-ly</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>dai&acute;-sies</td><td align='left'>dew&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>brown</td><td align='left'>coat</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1.  'Lazy sheep, pray tell me why<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In the pleasant fields you lie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Eating grass and daisies white,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">From the morning till the night?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Everything can something do;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Oh what kind of use are you?'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">2.  'Nay, my little fellow, nay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Do not serve me so, I pray:<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Don't you see the wool that grows<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On my back to make you clothes?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Cold and very cold you'd be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">If you had not wool from me.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">3.  'True, it seems a pleasant thing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To nip the daisies in the spring;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But many chilly nights I pass,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On the cold and dewy grass,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Or pick a scanty dinner where<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">All the common's brown and bare.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">4.  'Then the farmer comes at last,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">When the merry spring is past,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And cuts my woolly coat away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To warm you in the winter's day.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Little Master, this is why<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In the pleasant fields I lie.'<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TURNIPS" id="TURNIPS"></a>TURNIPS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>white</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-ter</td><td align='left'>sor&acute;-ry</td><td align='left'>pressed</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ly&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>din&acute;-ner</td><td align='left'>heard</td><td align='left'>meal</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>tur&acute;-nip</td><td align='left'>read&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>peo&acute;-ple</td><td align='left'>mean</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>picked</td><td align='left'>but&acute;-ter</td><td align='left'>bread</td><td align='left'>jok&acute;-ing</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p>1. 'What are those sheep eating over
+there, at the far end of the field? There
+is something white all over the grass.
+What can it be?'</p>
+
+<p>'Chalk?' Dora asked.</p>
+
+<p>'No, they never would be so silly! Let
+us go and see.'</p>
+
+<p>2. Up they got, and away they went.
+They found that the white things lying
+about on the grass were bits of turnip.</p>
+
+<p>Harry picked one up and looked at it.
+It was only a round rind: all the inside
+had been eaten out.</p>
+
+<p>3. He took it home with him to show
+to his mother, and she said:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'I saw some bits like this that were
+shooting out green leaves when spring
+came. They had been lying out on the
+ground in the winter, yet there was so
+much life in them that they could grow
+again. But, come, wash your hands:
+dinner is ready, and I have something to
+tell you. We are going to have turnips
+for dinner!'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-026.jpg" width="500" height="426" alt="He took it home with him to show to his mother." title="" />
+<span class="caption">He took it home with him to show to his mother.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>4. When Harry had his helping of
+turnips he said:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Now I am a sheep!'</p>
+
+<p>'No,' said Dora, 'the sheep don't boil
+their turnips, or mash them with nice
+butter.'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'But raw turnip is very nice,' said
+her father. 'I have often eaten one out
+in the fields. I am not at all sorry for
+the sheep.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'I have heard,' said mother, 'that,
+when corn was very dear, people had to
+use turnips in making bread. They say
+the bread looked good, and kept well.
+The water was first pressed out of the
+turnips, and then they were mixed with
+wheat-meal.'</p>
+
+<p>7. 'I wish you would make some,
+mother,' said Dora, 'just for fun, to see
+what it is like.'</p>
+
+<p>'I will&mdash;some day.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'What did you mean, mother,'
+Harry asked, 'about water in turnips?'</p>
+
+<p>'There is a great deal of water in
+turnips,' said mother.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'Turnips are nearly all water,' said
+father.</p>
+
+<p>'Now, father, you must be joking,' cried
+Harry.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'No, I am not. Am I, mother?'</p>
+
+<p>Mother smiled, and said 'No.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="GREEN_PEAS_PART_1" id="GREEN_PEAS_PART_1"></a>GREEN PEAS.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 1.</span></h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>peas</td><td align='left'>watched</td><td align='left'>half</td><td align='left'>with&acute;-er</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>flow&acute;-ers</td><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>count&acute;-ed</td><td align='left'>stayed</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ten&acute;-drils</td><td align='left'>pur&acute;-pose</td><td align='left'>true</td><td align='left'>shin&acute;-y</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>un-rolled&acute;</td><td align='left'>but&acute;-ter-flies</td><td align='left'>flow&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>touched</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p>1. Dora was alone in the garden. She
+had played about till she was tired, when
+she found herself close to the bed of
+peas. She had seen her father sow the
+peas, and now there were tall plants
+with leaves and flowers and green tendrils.</p>
+
+<p>2. Dora unrolled one or two of these
+tendrils, and then watched them roll up
+again. She thought:</p>
+
+<p>'How funny it is of the plant to put
+these out on purpose to take hold of the
+sticks! And how pretty the flowers are!
+They look like little white butterflies.
+I will pull one open.'</p>
+
+<p>3. She picked a flower, and sat down<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+with it on the grass. Inside of it she
+found something long and green. This
+she opened, and saw a row of tiny green
+balls.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/illus-027.jpg" width="350" height="349" alt="Pea-flower." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Pea-flower.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>4. Not one of them was half as big as
+a pin's head. They were all in a row,
+and Dora counted seven of them.</p>
+
+<p>She picked out each one and laid
+them on her hand to look at.</p>
+
+<p>5. Then it came into her mind that
+these little mites of things must be baby-peas.
+And she felt sorry to think what
+she had done, for she could not put<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
+them back into their nest, and now they
+would never grow up to be big.</p>
+
+<p>6. She told Harry about it next day,
+and he said, yes, it was very true. But
+he must pull open just one flower himself
+and see the peas inside; and so he
+did. There were six peas in his flower.</p>
+
+<p>7. Every day after this, Dora and
+Harry came to look at the plants.</p>
+
+<p>For a long time the flowers were
+very pretty. Then they began to wither.
+One by one they dropped off; but the
+inside part of each stayed on, looking
+green and shiny.</p>
+
+<p>8. The children called these shiny
+green things bags, till they heard some
+one say that they were pods.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes they touched them. They
+soon began to feel the peas inside. The
+pods grew larger and fatter every day.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/illus-028.jpg" width="150" height="119" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="GREEN_PEAS_PART_2" id="GREEN_PEAS_PART_2"></a>GREEN PEAS.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 2.</span></h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>bas&acute;-ket</td><td align='left'>won&acute;-der-ful</td><td align='left'>weath&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>su&acute;-gar</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>shell&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>break&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>earth</td><td align='left'>starch</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>bas&acute;-in</td><td align='left'>fair&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>moist</td><td align='left'>earth</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>taught</td><td align='left'>hap&acute;-pens</td><td align='left'>pea</td><td align='left'>sun&acute;-light</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illus-029.jpg" width="250" height="372" alt="Pea-pods." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Pea-pods.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>1. At last, one sunny morning, mother
+came out with a basket and began to
+pick the pods. Harry and Dora wished
+to help her, and all
+three were soon at
+work.</p>
+
+<p>2. Next, the shelling
+began. Mother
+had a basin in her
+lap, and the two
+children sat close to
+her and shelled their
+peas into it.</p>
+
+<p>3. They told her
+how they had shelled
+the baby-peas. She
+taught them how
+each plant was a living thing, and had
+a tiny plant inside of it, all ready to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>
+come out at the right time. This was
+very wonderful.</p>
+
+<p>4. 'Did that big plant come out of
+one little pea?' cried Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'I can't see a little plant inside,' said</p>
+
+<p>Harry, breaking one of the peas open.</p>
+
+<p>5. 'Yet it is there, a fairy-plant, with
+a root, a stem, and two leaves. These
+leaves take up nearly all the room in the
+green ball. How would you like to have
+two or three of these peas to plant?
+There! I can spare you three each from
+to-day's dinner.'</p>
+
+<p>6. The children were glad to have
+them. 'I wish we could see them grow,'
+said Dora. 'What happens, mother,
+when they are in the earth?'</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Do you mean, How do they begin
+to grow? Well, the weather must be
+rather warm, and the earth moist, and
+the pea swells itself out till it bursts
+open its thin coat. The little root goes
+down to fasten it firmly in the ground,
+and to look for food. Then the little
+stem and the two leaves come up to
+get air and sunshine. That is how it
+begins.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>8. 'What food is there in the ground?
+What food do the roots find?'</p>
+
+<p>'Lime and iron'&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'Iron!' cried Harry.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'Yes, there is iron in green peas!
+There are sugar, too, and starch, and fat,
+and water, and other things. Some come
+out of the earth, some come out of the
+air and the sunlight, and some the plant
+makes for itself. Oh, it is a very clever
+plant! But all plants are clever, I think.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IRON_AND_METAL" id="IRON_AND_METAL"></a>IRON AND METAL.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>pock&acute;-ets</td><td align='left'>heav&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>cop&acute;-per</td><td align='left'>sup-pose&acute;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>mar&acute;-bles</td><td align='left'>weight</td><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>wheat</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>wrapped</td><td align='left'>light&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>zinc</td><td align='left'>i&acute;-ron</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>size</td><td align='left'>though</td><td align='left'>met&acute;-als</td><td align='left'>ket&acute;-tle</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'What have you in your pockets,
+father?' asked Harry, pulling at them.
+'Nuts? stones? marbles?'</p>
+
+<p>'Put your hand in, and find out. Here,
+Dora, you can try the other pocket.'</p>
+
+<p>2. In went two hands, and out came
+little hard lumps, each wrapped in paper.
+The children laid them on the table in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>
+a row, and wanted to know what they
+were.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-030.jpg" width="500" height="418" alt="&#39;What have you in your pockets, father?&#39;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&#39;What have you in your pockets, father?&#39;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>3. They were not nuts, nor marbles,
+and not quite like stones. They were
+all about the same size, but one was
+very heavy. Harry and Dora held it in
+their hands to feel how heavy it was.</p>
+
+<p>4. 'That is a bit of lead,' said their
+father. 'Which do you think is the next
+in weight?'</p>
+
+<p>'This red one. It is a good deal lighter,
+though!'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'That is called copper. Now, what
+comes next?'</p>
+
+<p>5. They were not sure, but thought
+that iron came next, and then tin,
+and then zinc. Their father told them
+these names as they went on. He
+told them also that all these things
+were metals, and had been dug out of
+the earth.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Suppose we make a box to keep
+them in?'</p>
+
+<p>'Oh yes!' cried both.</p>
+
+<p>'And if we find any more things like
+these, we will put them in.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Would you put in a buttercup?'</p>
+
+<p>'No, no!'</p>
+
+<p>'Or a grain of wheat?'</p>
+
+<p>'No, it is not at all like these.'</p>
+
+<p>'Or a bit of slate?'</p>
+
+<p>'I think so,' said Harry.</p>
+
+<p>Dora was not quite sure.</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Yes, we will put the slate into the
+box. It is not a metal, but it came out
+of the ground. Now, what do you say
+to this?' And he pulled out a lump
+that looked like earth and stone.</p>
+
+<p>9. What could this be? It was iron,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+just as it had come out of the ground,
+with clay and earth about it.</p>
+
+<p>10. 'Once upon a time,' said father,
+'the kettle, and the poker, and the
+fender, all looked like this!'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_FAIRY_RING" id="THE_FAIRY_RING"></a>THE FAIRY RING.</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>danc&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>sea&acute;-sons</td><td align='left'>sphere</td><td align='left'>au&acute;-tumn</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>fair&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>year</td><td align='left'>sum&acute;-mer</td><td align='left'>tress&acute;-es</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>queen</td><td align='left'>cir&acute;-cle</td><td align='left'>glide</td><td align='left'>cheeks</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1.  Let us dance and let us sing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dancing in a merry ring;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We'll be fairies on the green,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Sporting round the fairy queen.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">2.  Like the seasons of the year<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Round we circle in a sphere;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">I'll be Summer, you'll be Spring,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dancing in a fairy ring.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">3.  Spring and Summer glide away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Autumn comes with tresses gay;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Winter, hand-in-hand with Spring,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dancing in a fairy ring.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">4.  Faster, faster round we go,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">While our cheeks with roses glow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Free as birds upon the wing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dancing in a fairy ring.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="NEEDLES_PART_1" id="NEEDLES_PART_1"></a>NEEDLES.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 1.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>treat</td><td align='left'>coils</td><td align='left'>stretched</td><td align='left'>mid&acute;-dle</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>hol&acute;-i-days</td><td align='left'>steel</td><td align='left'>straight</td><td align='left'>chop&acute;-ping</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>aunt</td><td align='left'>wire</td><td align='left'>ma-chine&acute;</td><td align='left'>dropped</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>nee&acute;-dles</td><td align='left'>wrapped</td><td align='left'>un&acute;-cle</td><td align='left'>e-nough&acute;</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. Harry and Dora once had a great
+treat.</p>
+
+<p>They went in the holidays to stay
+with an uncle and aunt who lived at
+a town where needles were made. We
+may call it Needle-town.</p>
+
+<p>2. While they were there, they were
+taken to the mills to see the needles made.</p>
+
+<p>3. The first room into which they
+went was very warm. It was called the
+wire-room. A workman who was there
+told them that it was filled with hot
+air night and day, so that no damp
+should come in and spoil the steel.</p>
+
+<p>4. All round the room coils of steel-wire
+were hanging. They were wrapped
+up in paper, but the man took some of
+them down and let them look in. They
+saw that one coil was of very thick wire,
+while another was of wire as fine as a hair.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>5. 'One of these coils would be more
+than a mile long if it were stretched out
+straight,' the man told Harry. 'Would
+you like to take hold of this one?'</p>
+
+<p>But Harry found it too heavy, and it
+was hung up again on the wall.</p>
+
+<p>6. Then they went into another room,
+where a machine was cutting a coil of
+wire into bits.</p>
+
+<p>'They are much too long for needles,'
+said Dora, softly, to her uncle; but one
+of the workmen heard her, and said:</p>
+
+<p>7. 'So they are! Each bit is going to
+be two needles. The two ends are to
+be the points, and the heads lie in the
+middle of the wire.'</p>
+
+<p>8. But no heads were to be seen yet.
+And the wire was not even straight, for
+it had long been rolled up in a coil. As
+the machine went on chopping, and the
+wire-strips dropped, a man picked them
+up and put them on a shelf in a sort
+of oven.</p>
+
+<p>9. There they were kept till they were
+red-hot, and then they were soft enough
+to be made straight.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="center">
+<a name="NEEDLES_PART_2" id="NEEDLES_PART_2"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-031.jpg" width="500" height="435" alt="&#39;Now you see the points of the needles.&#39;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&#39;Now you see the points of the needles.&#39;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>NEEDLES.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 2.</span></h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>points</td><td align='left'>un&acute;-cle</td><td align='left'>ham&acute;-mer</td><td align='left'>watched</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>heads</td><td align='left'>block</td><td align='left'>al-lowed&acute;</td><td align='left'>piece</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>eyes</td><td align='left'>heav&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>laugh&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>sharp</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. The next thing that the children
+saw was a grindstone turning round
+very, very fast.</p>
+
+<p>2. A man put the bits of wire into a
+thing which was fixed just over the
+grindstone, and both ends were quickly
+rubbed sharp.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. 'Now you see the points of the
+needles,' said the man, as the wire came
+out again.</p>
+
+<p>'But there are no heads yet!' said
+Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'And no eyes!' said Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'Well, come along to the stamping-room,'
+said their uncle.</p>
+
+<p>4. In this room they found a block of
+stone that had iron on the top of it.
+Over it hung a heavy hammer. A man
+who stood there took one of the wires,
+put it on the block, and made the
+hammer come down upon it.</p>
+
+<p>5. The moment the hammer went up
+again the wire fell into a pan, and the
+children were allowed to look at it.</p>
+
+<p>6. Still there were no eyes or heads!
+All that could be seen were two little
+dents, one on each side of the middle
+of the wire.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'But, look again!' said uncle.
+'Don't you see a tiny dot in each dent?
+That is where the eye is going to be.'</p>
+
+<p>8. In the next room they found a
+great number of boys at work.</p>
+
+<p>'Oh, uncle,' said Harry, 'do you think<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>
+I could come here and help to make
+needles?'</p>
+
+<p>'You would soon be tired of it,' said
+his uncle, laughing.</p>
+
+<p>9. They went up to one of the boys,
+and watched him for some time. He
+took some wires that had come from
+the stamping-room, and laid them on a
+piece of iron, but held the two ends in
+his hands.</p>
+
+<p>10. Then a heavy thing with two hard,
+sharp, steel points under it came down
+on the middle part of the wires, and made
+two holes just where the dots had been.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/illus-032.jpg" width="400" height="39" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>'Now we see the eyes, at last!' cried
+Dora.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="NEEDLES_PART_3" id="NEEDLES_PART_3"></a>NEEDLES.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 3.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>thread&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>rough</td><td align='left'>ov&acute;-en</td><td align='left'>break&acute;-ing</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>to-geth&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>edg&acute;-es</td><td align='left'>sec&acute;-ond</td><td align='left'>bench</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>tooth&acute;-comb</td><td align='left'>nee&acute;-dle</td><td align='left'>steam&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>ham&acute;-mer</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>smooth</td><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>e-nough&acute;</td><td align='left'>straight</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. They went on into another room.
+Here there were boys again! And what<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>
+were the boys doing? They were
+threading the wires together.</p>
+
+<p>2. When they were all strung together,
+they looked like a long tooth-comb.
+The heads were in the middle, and the
+points lay on either side.</p>
+
+<p>3. The boys took them to some of the
+workmen, and these men made the
+middle part quite smooth. Rough edges
+had been left along the tiny dents, and
+had to be rubbed down.</p>
+
+<p>4. When this was done, a man made a
+line along the middle of the 'comb,' and
+then gently bent it backwards
+and forwards till
+it broke right in the
+middle.</p>
+
+<div class='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/illus-033.jpg" width="200" height="203" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>5. Harry and Dora were
+glad to see this. Each bit
+of wire looked like a needle now. It
+had a head of its own, and an eye, and
+a point.</p>
+
+<p>6. The next thing was to make the
+needles hard. Dora and Harry thought
+they looked quite hard already, but they
+did not know.</p>
+
+<p>7. How were they hardened? They<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span>
+were first laid on iron plates and put
+into a kind of oven.</p>
+
+<p>'This is the second baking they have
+had,' said Harry.</p>
+
+<p>They were kept in till they were
+white-hot.</p>
+
+<p>8. When the needles came out, they
+were put into cold water! What a
+hissing and steaming they made! But
+they had to lie there till they were quite
+cool.</p>
+
+<p>9. Then they were taken out and
+dried. The man said they were hard
+enough now, but something else must
+be done to them to make them able to
+bend well without breaking.</p>
+
+<p>10. They were put on an iron plate
+over a fire, and gently moved about.
+Some of them curled up, and had to be
+taken off.</p>
+
+<p>11. They were given to a woman, who
+was sitting on a bench with a little
+hammer in her hand and a small steel
+block in front of her. She laid a curly
+needle on the block, and hammered it
+till it was straight, and then another,
+and another.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="NEEDLES_PART_4" id="NEEDLES_PART_4"></a>NEEDLES.<br />
+<br />
+PART 4.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>clean&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>oil</td><td align='left'>man&acute;-gle</td><td align='left'>Fri&acute;-day</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>piece</td><td align='left'>em&acute;-er-y</td><td align='left'>a-fraid&acute;</td><td align='left'>points</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>can&acute;-vas</td><td align='left'>pow&acute;-der</td><td align='left'>brok&acute;-en</td><td align='left'>hun&acute;-gry</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>soap</td><td align='left'>bun&acute;-dle</td><td align='left'>sec&acute;-ond</td><td align='left'>laugh&acute;-ing</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. The cleaning of the needles came
+next.</p>
+
+<p>2. A great many were laid side by
+side on a piece of canvas, and covered
+with paste.</p>
+
+<p>'What is the paste made of?' Harry
+wanted to know.</p>
+
+<p>'Soft soap, my lad,' said the workman,
+'and oil, and emery-powder.'</p>
+
+<p>3. He rolled them all up in the
+canvas, tied string round the bundle, and
+put it between the rollers of a thing
+that looked like a mangle.</p>
+
+<p>4. Dora and Harry opened their eyes
+wide. 'Think of needles being mangled!
+This will be something to tell mother!'</p>
+
+<p>5. When the bundle was unrolled, they
+were afraid that the needles would be
+broken. But they were all right, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>
+they were taken out and washed in
+warm soap-suds.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Now they must be clean!' said Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'Not yet,' said the man; 'they have
+to be rolled up again with more paste,
+and put between those rollers again, and
+again, and again. It takes eight days
+to clean the best needles.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'And it takes six days to clean the
+second-best,' said the man.</p>
+
+<p>'Then even the second-best won't be
+done till Friday!' said Harry.</p>
+
+<p>8. 'But we can go and see some
+needles that have been cleaned,' said
+his uncle. 'Let us go up-stairs again.'</p>
+
+<p>9. And they went up into a room
+where many girls were sitting at a long
+table with heaps of bright needles before
+them. They were putting them in order,
+side by side, heads all one way, points
+another.</p>
+
+<p>Dora was sure that she could not pick
+them out so quickly.</p>
+
+<p>10. They were going on into another
+room to see the eyes of the needles
+made smooth, when Dora said, 'Oh, uncle,
+I am so tired!'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'So am I,' said Harry, 'and hungry,
+too.'</p>
+
+<p>11. 'Come along, then,' said uncle,
+laughing. 'We all want our dinners, I
+think.' He took Dora's hand in his, and
+away they went.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_KNIFE" id="THE_KNIFE"></a>THE KNIFE.</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>ro&acute;-ley</td><td align='left'>morn&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>blade</td><td align='left'>edg&acute;-es</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>po&acute;-ley</td><td align='left'>knife</td><td align='left'>han&acute;-dle</td><td align='left'>rath&acute;-er</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>least</td><td align='left'>aunt&acute;-ie</td><td align='left'>clock</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. There was not much talking at
+dinner, till after the second helping
+of roley-poley.</p>
+
+<p>2. Then Dora and Harry felt happy
+again, and began to tell their aunt all
+about the needle-making. She had seen
+it once, but it was a long time ago,
+and she thought she should like to see
+it again.</p>
+
+<p>3. 'But if I had gone this morning,'
+she said, 'you would not have had your
+pudding.'</p>
+
+<p>'That would have been sad,' said
+Dora.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>4. 'What a lot of steel we have seen,'
+said Harry. 'I never knew there was
+so much in the world.'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'You can see some on this table now.'</p>
+
+<p>'Where?'</p>
+
+<p>'What have I cut the pudding with?'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-034.jpg" width="500" height="423" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>'Oh, the knife! Yes, I see; that must
+be steel; at least, that part of it. What
+do you call that part?'</p>
+
+<p>'The blade.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'And what about the handle?'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'I don't know. It is yellow, and
+smooth, and hard.'</p>
+
+<p>'It is bone,' said his uncle, 'part of
+an ox-bone. But some handles are made
+of wood.'</p>
+
+<p>7. 'May I look at that knife near you,
+auntie? I mean the clean one. Thank
+you!'</p>
+
+<p>8. Then Dora wanted one to look at
+too; and they felt the edges softly and
+found them very sharp. They looked
+at the blunt backs of the blades, and
+then tried to read the maker's name.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'There is no room to put the
+maker's name on a needle,' said Harry.
+'But how do they get it on here?'</p>
+
+<p>'It is stamped on when the blade is
+red-hot and rather soft.'</p>
+
+<p>10. They could not make out how the
+handle was put on, so their aunt went
+to the knife-box and got out an old knife
+that had lost its handle. They saw
+that the blade had a long thin piece of
+iron at the end of it.</p>
+
+<p>11. 'A long hole is made inside the
+handle, and this iron thing is put into
+it, and made fast.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>So their uncle said, and then looked
+at the clock and saw that it was time
+for him to go.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="center">
+<a name="THE_HEN" id="THE_HEN"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-035.jpg" width="500" height="428" alt="Setting out for the Farm." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Setting out for the Farm.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>THE HEN.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>bas&acute;-ket</td><td align='left'>watch</td><td align='left'>ban&acute;-tams</td><td align='left'>greed&acute;-y</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>fetch</td><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>know</td><td align='left'>gray</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>friends</td><td align='left'>charge</td><td align='left'>proud</td><td align='left'>swal&acute;-lowed</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>fowls</td><td align='left'>pair</td><td align='left'>peck&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>laughed</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. The day after Dora and Harry came
+home, their mother gave them a basket<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span>
+and sent them up to the farm to fetch
+eggs.</p>
+
+<p>2. Rover went with them, and all
+three were glad to go, for they had
+many friends at the farm.</p>
+
+<p>3. There was the great dog, Watch,
+and there were the cart-horses and the
+pony, the ducks and the fowls. And
+there were five girls and boys&mdash;Mary,
+Tom, Johnny, Annie, and Kate.</p>
+
+<p>4. When these five, and Watch, saw
+Harry, Dora, and Rover coming, they
+ran down the lane to meet them. They
+were soon all in the farm-yard, talking
+as fast as they could talk.</p>
+
+<p>5. Two had to tell about their visit to
+Needle-town, and five about the doings
+at the farm, so it was some time
+before the eggs were thought of.</p>
+
+<p>6. Mary had charge of the eggs, and
+went every morning to look for new ones.</p>
+
+<p>'Since you went away,' she said, 'I
+have had a pair of bantams given me,
+for my very own. Here they are!'</p>
+
+<p>'What little things! and how very
+pretty!' cried Dora. 'Do they know you,
+Mary?'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>7. 'Yes; I feed them every day. Here
+comes the big black hen. She has been
+laying an egg. See how proud she is!
+She calls out in that way to let the
+rest know what she has done.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Now she is pecking about for
+food,' said Harry.</p>
+
+<p>Tom said that fowls were always
+eating.</p>
+
+<p>'They are greedy things,' said Kate.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'Oh, look at this gray hen!' said
+Harry, 'she picked up a bit of stone just
+now and ate it! Does she know no
+better?'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'It is not for food,' Mary told him;
+'she takes it to grind up the hard seeds
+she has swallowed. They all go into a
+strong little bag, and the stones rub
+and press on the seeds.'</p>
+
+<p>11. 'I never heard of such a thing!
+She keeps a mill inside to grind her
+food!'</p>
+
+<p>12. The others laughed, and then Mary
+went in to get some eggs. After the
+basket was filled, the two children said
+good-bye to their friends, and went
+home.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_SPARROW" id="THE_SPARROW"></a>THE SPARROW.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>shoots</td><td align='left'>thou&acute;-sand</td><td align='left'>beaks</td><td align='left'>clean</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>spar&acute;-rows</td><td align='left'>ba&acute;-bies</td><td align='left'>ap&acute;-ple</td><td align='left'>thirst&acute;-y</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>steal</td><td align='left'>build</td><td align='left'>blos&acute;-som</td><td align='left'>wheat</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>fruit</td><td align='left'>spoil</td><td align='left'>fruit</td><td align='left'>throw</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'Mother,' cried Harry, running in
+one day, 'Jack Denny says he shoots
+sparrows!'</p>
+
+<p>'I am very sorry to hear it. Why
+does he shoot them?'</p>
+
+<p>'"They steal fruit and corn," he says.
+He wanted me to throw stones at
+them!'</p>
+
+<p>2. 'Well, you can tell him about some
+silly men who killed the sparrows and
+other birds, and the next year their fruit
+and corn were eaten up by grubs. Even
+the leaves on the trees were eaten.'</p>
+
+<p>3. 'Is this true?'</p>
+
+<p>'Quite true. They had to send for
+little birds from other places to live in
+their fields and gardens. Do you know
+that a sparrow kills four thousand grubs
+in one day when her babies are in the
+nest?</p>
+
+<p>4. 'One wise man who grows fruit says<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span>
+that his best friends are the sparrows,
+and he makes holes in the garden-walls
+for them to build in. Their sharp eyes
+see the tiny things that would spoil the
+fruit, and their sharp beaks nip them
+up at once.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-036.jpg" width="500" height="373" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+<p>5. 'He loves to see sparrows in an
+apple-tree in blossom-time; he knows
+they are saving the apples for him.'</p>
+
+<p>'But Jack says he has seen them
+pecking at fruit.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Yes, they like fruit, just as you
+and I do. But there would be no fruit
+at all, if the birds did not eat the grubs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>7. 'The man I was telling you about
+puts nets over his trees when the fruit
+begins to ripen. And I heard only the
+other day that it is a good plan to put
+pans of clean fresh water close to the
+trees and bushes. Then the birds will
+not go so often to the fruit. They are
+thirsty and hot, poor things!</p>
+
+<p>8. 'And there would be no corn, if
+the birds did not kill the wheat-fly's
+grubs.'</p>
+
+<p>9. When Harry heard all this, he
+made up his mind not to throw stones at
+the sparrows, as Jack wanted him to do.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_DAY_IN_THE_COUNTRY" id="A_DAY_IN_THE_COUNTRY"></a>A DAY IN THE COUNTRY.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>but&acute;-ter-flies</td><td align='left'>flow&acute;-ers</td><td align='left'>pleas&acute;-ant</td><td align='left'>brook&acute;-let</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>mer&acute;-ry</td><td align='left'>o-bliged&acute;</td><td align='left'>cheese</td><td align='left'>crys&acute;-tal</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>gath&acute;-ered</td><td align='left'>roamed</td><td align='left'>hedge</td><td align='left'>thrush</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>broth&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>scoured</td><td align='left'>ease</td><td align='left'>mus&acute;-ic</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1.  Where the bees and butterflies<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Skim the grassy down,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Four merry little children<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Gathered from the town;<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">2.  Ragged little Johnnie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And his brother Ben,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>
+<span class="i2">With wild-flowers are laden,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">These merry little men.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Kate and Mat have posies<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Of colours bright and gay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For Tim, their tiny brother,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">At home obliged to stay.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">3.  They have roamed the meadow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">They have scoured the wood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Seeking nuts and blackberries,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">For their pleasant food.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With their nuts and blackberries<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And bits of bread and cheese,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On a mossy hedge-bank,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Now they take their ease.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">4.  Drinking from the brooklet<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">'Neath the hawthorn tree,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Clear it runs as crystal,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Fresh and bright and free.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And the thrush sings loudly<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">On the hawthorn spray,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And the brooklet ever<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Makes music on its way.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="center">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/illus-037.jpg" width="150" height="154" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SOME_HERBS" id="SOME_HERBS"></a>SOME HERBS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>stream</td><td align='left'>tea</td><td align='left'>pow&acute;-der</td><td align='left'>pars&acute;-ley</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>through</td><td align='left'>lett&acute;-uce</td><td align='left'>sprin&acute;-kled</td><td align='left'>thyme</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>grav&acute;-el</td><td align='left'>tongue</td><td align='left'>flan&acute;-nel</td><td align='left'>herbs</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>mar&acute;-ket</td><td align='left'>mus&acute;-tard</td><td align='left'>car&acute;-ried</td><td align='left'>sage</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. A little stream ran through one of
+the farmer's fields. The water was so
+clear that you could see
+the sand and gravel at
+the bottom, and in it
+there grew plenty of
+water-cress.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 225px;">
+<img src="images/illus-038.jpg" width="225" height="367" alt="Water-cress." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Water-cress.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>2. Harry went one
+afternoon to help
+Johnny and Tom to
+pick it for market,
+and brought a big
+bunch home for tea.</p>
+
+<p>3. His mother had
+picked a lettuce from
+the garden, and some mustard and cress,
+and they were all put on one plate.</p>
+
+<p>'They bite my tongue,' said Dora, 'all
+but the lettuce. I like it best.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'And I like the biting,' said Harry.
+'Why is this called mustard, mother?'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Because the yellow mustard comes
+from it. The seeds are ground to
+powder.'</p>
+
+<p>'And we eat the
+leaves. It is a useful
+plant.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illus-039.jpg" width="250" height="307" alt="Lettuce." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Lettuce.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>5. After tea,
+mother took some
+cress-seed and mustard-seed
+out of two
+little packets. Then
+she cut up one or
+two corks, put them
+into a deep plate,
+filled it with water, and sprinkled seed
+on the cork.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'This is for you, Harry,' she said.
+'You will soon have a little crop of
+mustard and cress. And here is one for
+Dora!'</p>
+
+<p>In Dora's plate she laid a bit of flannel,
+poured water on it, and sowed seed. The
+children carried off their plates to a safe
+place, and thought it would be fine fun
+to see roots and leaves come out of the
+tiny seeds.</p>
+
+<p>7. Then mother called them into the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
+garden to see her parsley. She told
+them that hares and rabbits would come
+a long way to feed on a parsley-bed if
+they could get at it.</p>
+
+<p>8. Close by grew mint, sage, and
+thyme. 'All these are herbs,' she said.
+'They are not like trees, are they?'</p>
+
+<p>'No; they have no bark, no hard
+wood, and they are so small.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-040.jpg" width="500" height="285" alt="Leaves of Mint, Parsley, Thyme, and Sage." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Leaves of Mint, Parsley, Thyme, and Sage.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>9. Dora picked a mint-leaf, a parsley-leaf,
+a thyme-leaf, and a sage-leaf, and
+laid them side by side. She wanted to
+see if they were like each other. But
+when she looked at them she found
+that they were not alike.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="COFFEE" id="COFFEE"></a>COFFEE.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>cof&acute;-fee</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-dow</td><td align='left'>rat&acute;-tled</td><td align='left'>blos&acute;-som</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>beans</td><td align='left'>bus&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>coun&acute;-try</td><td align='left'>cov&acute;-ered</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>kneel&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>stock&acute;-ings</td><td align='left'>cher&acute;-ry</td><td align='left'>cloths</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>chair</td><td align='left'>ket&acute;-tle</td><td align='left'>to-geth&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>ber&acute;-ries</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'What is coffee, mother dear? Does
+it grow?'</p>
+
+<p>2. It was Dora who asked this. She
+and Harry were putting away some
+things that had come from the shop,
+and she was now filling a tin with coffee-beans.</p>
+
+<p>3. She was kneeling on a chair by the
+table in the window. Her mother was
+busy mending stockings, and the cat
+and the dog were both asleep. The kettle
+was singing, and all was cosy.</p>
+
+<p>4. The coffee-beans rattled into the tin,
+and Dora picked one out and looked at it.</p>
+
+<p>When Harry heard Dora asking
+about it, he also put his hand in and
+took a coffee-bean. It smelt very nice,
+he thought. So did Dora.</p>
+
+<p>5. They found that it had a flat side
+and a round side.</p>
+
+<p>'It humps up,' said Dora.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'See, I can put the flat side of mine
+against the flat side of yours,' said
+Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'They grew like that,' said mother.</p>
+
+<p>'Oh, then, they did grow? They were
+alive once?'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/illus-041.jpg" width="350" height="432" alt="Coffee branch with Berries." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Coffee branch with Berries.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>6. 'Yes; they were seeds of a plant
+that grows in a warm country, far away
+from here. They once lived inside a
+berry.</p>
+
+<p>'The berry was red like a cherry, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>
+the seeds inside were held together in a
+little bag.'</p>
+
+<p>7. 'There must have been a flower
+before the berry came,' said Harry, thinking
+of the pea-flower and its pod.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/illus-042a.jpg" width="150" height="136" alt="Coffee-flower." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Coffee-flower.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px; height: 175px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 100px;">
+<img src="images/illus-042b.jpg" width="100" height="123" alt="Berry." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Berry.</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 130px;">
+<img src="images/illus-042c.jpg" width="130" height="144" alt="Seeds in Berry." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Seeds in Berry.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>'A very pretty white flower,' said his
+mother. 'They say that a coffee-garden
+looks lovely in blossom-time, just as if
+it were all covered with snow.</p>
+
+<p>8. 'In two or three days the snow-like
+blossoms are gone, and the fruit is left.
+When it is ripe, men put cloths under
+the trees, and shake it down.'</p>
+
+<p>9. 'I wish I could go and help!' said
+Harry. 'What comes next?'</p>
+
+<p>'They pick up the berries, dry them
+in the sun, and get the beans out. Then
+they send the beans over the sea in a
+ship. And here they are!'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="center">
+<a name="PAPER" id="PAPER"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-043.jpg" width="500" height="430" alt="Dora and Harry tearing up the old papers." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Dora and Harry tearing up the old papers.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<h2>PAPER.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>un-hap&acute;-py</td><td align='left'>per-haps&acute;</td><td align='left'>hearth</td><td align='left'>tear</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>should</td><td align='left'>clean</td><td align='left'>laugh</td><td align='left'>boil</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>tea</td><td align='left'>school</td><td align='left'>jok&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>through</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>heels</td><td align='left'>clean&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>in-deed&acute;</td><td align='left'>clev&acute;-er</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. 'It is such a wet day, I don't know
+what to do!' said Harry, looking very
+unhappy.</p>
+
+<p>2. 'Are you tired of your drawing
+and painting?' asked his mother.</p>
+
+<p>'Oh yes! And we have played at
+houses, and had the bricks out on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>
+floor, and now there is nothing to do,
+and it is not nearly tea-time yet. Will
+you read to us, mother?'</p>
+
+<p>3. 'Not just now. But if you would
+help me a little I should get on faster,
+and then we might have a nice time
+before tea.'</p>
+
+<p>'Jolly!' cried Harry; and he ran to
+the foot of the stairs and called Dora.</p>
+
+<p>4. Down came Dora very fast, with her
+doll in her arms, and the dog at her
+heels.</p>
+
+<p>5. 'What I want you to do,' said
+mother, 'is to tear up these old papers
+and put them into this sack. The man
+is coming soon to take it to the paper-mill.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Why is it taken to the paper-mill?'
+asked Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'To be made over again into paper.
+Perhaps it will come back to us some
+day, all clean.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Or it may be made into a newspaper,
+and father may bring it home
+in his pocket.'</p>
+
+<p>'Or we may get it in copy-books at
+school.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Yes; or it may come from the shop
+with rice in it.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'It may never come at all,' said
+Dora. 'Perhaps it will go to some other
+house.'</p>
+
+<p>'That is quite likely,' said mother,
+who was now cleaning the hearth.</p>
+
+<p>9. They went on putting the paper
+into the sack for a long time, and then
+Harry asked:</p>
+
+<p>'How was paper made before there
+was old paper to make it of?'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'Oh, it is not made of paper only.
+It is made of old rags, old ropes'&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Harry and Dora began to laugh.</p>
+
+<p>'And straw, and wood, and a kind of
+grass'&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'Now, are you joking, mother?'</p>
+
+<p>11. 'No, indeed! They cut the wood
+and straw into tiny bits, and they cut
+and tear the rags and boil them.'</p>
+
+<p>'And what do they do with the grass?'</p>
+
+<p>'They cut it up, boil it, and mix clay
+with it. Then it is put through a very
+clever machine, which makes it into
+paper.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="center">
+<a name="A_FLY" id="A_FLY"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-044.jpg" width="500" height="435" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<h2>A FLY.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>spilt</td><td align='left'>thirst&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>ceil&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>won&acute;-der-ful</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>won&acute;-der</td><td align='left'>mouth</td><td align='left'>ei&acute;-ther</td><td align='left'>straight</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>e-nough&acute;</td><td align='left'>su&acute;-gar</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-dow</td><td align='left'>count&acute;-ed</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>fel&acute;-low</td><td align='left'>teeth</td><td align='left'>pane</td><td align='left'>friend</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'Just look here, Harry!' Dora called
+out.</p>
+
+<p>A little milk had been spilt on the
+table, and two flies had found it out.</p>
+
+<p>'We won't wipe it up! Let us wait
+and see if they can take it all. See, it is
+getting less! I wonder how they do it.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. 'There! one fly has gone. He has
+had enough. But this old fellow is very
+thirsty. He does not look as if he were
+drinking, and yet the milk goes. That
+long thing must be his
+mouth. Is it, mother?'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/illus-045.jpg" width="200" height="242" alt="Enlarged view of Head
+of Fly showing Trunk." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Enlarged view of Head
+of Fly showing Trunk.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>3. 'It is called his
+trunk. The mouth is at
+the end of it. He is
+very clever with it. Do
+you know that he
+never eats? He only
+drinks.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'But I have seen
+him eating sugar.'</p>
+
+<p>'No; I don't think you have. He
+has no teeth and no jaws. He can't bite
+anything. What he does is to wet the
+sugar with his mouth and melt it, and
+then suck it up.'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'Well, that is clever! I wonder
+how he found out how to do it. And I
+know something else that he is clever at.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'What is it, Harry?' asked Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'Something you can't do! He can
+walk on the ceiling.'</p>
+
+<p>'You can't do it either,' said Dora.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'How does he hold on, mother? We
+can see one up there now! He walks
+about as if he were on the table.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 190px;">
+<img src="images/illus-046.jpg" width="190" height="188" alt="Enlarged view of
+Fly&#39;s Foot." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Enlarged view of
+Fly&#39;s Foot.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>7. 'He has something like gum inside
+his feet, and, when he
+wants to stand or walk
+upside down, he presses
+this out, and it helps him
+to stick on. Here is
+another fly walking up
+the window-pane.'</p>
+
+<p>'I have often seen flies
+on the window-pane.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'How wonderful it is! The glass,
+you see, is smooth and hard, and it
+stands straight up. We could not go
+up a hill like that, could we?'</p>
+
+<p>9. They watched him go up and down,
+counted his six legs, and saw that his
+wings were very pretty. Their mother
+told them a very strange thing, that his
+eyes could see all ways at once!</p>
+
+<p>10. Then they had to say good-bye to
+him, for out he went into the garden.
+When they turned to the table, they
+found that their other friend had gone
+too&mdash;and so had the milk.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_WASP" id="THE_WASP"></a>THE WASP.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>wasp</td><td align='left'>pass&acute;-age</td><td align='left'>pow&acute;-der</td><td align='left'>pil&acute;-lars</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>bus&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>loose</td><td align='left'>spread</td><td align='left'>cell</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>win&acute;-ter</td><td align='left'>per-haps&acute;</td><td align='left'>brown</td><td align='left'>hatched</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>ground</td><td align='left'>fence</td><td align='left'>comb</td><td align='left'>crawl&acute;-ing</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. There was a great stir at dinner
+one day. A wasp came in, begging for
+sugar and plum-tart. Harry and Dora
+ran this way and that.</p>
+
+<p>2. At last their father got the wasp out
+into the garden, and, when all was quiet
+again, he asked if they would like to
+hear its story.</p>
+
+<p>'Oh yes, father!' said Dora.</p>
+
+<p>3. Harry was busy with his plums,
+but he nodded, as much as to say, 'I
+shall be glad to hear it too!'</p>
+
+<p>4. So the father began:</p>
+
+<p>'All last winter the wasp was asleep,
+but when spring came she waked up
+and set out to look for a home. I am
+not quite sure where she found it, but it
+was in the ground, I think.</p>
+
+<p>5. 'She began to dig in the soft earth,
+and she dug on till she had made a
+long passage. She had to carry out<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>
+all the loose earth herself. Then she
+made a little room at the end of the
+passage.</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Next she looked about for some old
+wood, and found it in a tree, perhaps, or
+post, or bit of fence. She rubbed away
+at it with her jaws till she got some of
+it off in powder.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'She made this powder into a paste
+with a sort of gum which came out of
+her mouth, and off she went with it to
+her room.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'What did she do with it?'</p>
+
+<p>'She spread it out in sheets of thin
+brown paper, and with these she made
+a comb like a bee's.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 225px;">
+<img src="images/illus-047.jpg" width="225" height="269" alt="Wasp&#39;s Nest." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Wasp&#39;s Nest.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>'She made paper of it.'</p>
+
+<p>'Only a bee's is made
+of wax. I know that!'
+said Harry.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'She put many
+layers of paper on the
+top to keep the rain out,
+and pillars under it to
+hold it up. Then she
+laid an egg in each cell. When the eggs
+were hatched'&mdash;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'Little wasps came flying out,' said
+Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'No; little grubs came crawling
+out!</p>
+
+<p>10. 'The wasp was now more busy than
+ever. She fed each baby in turn, and as
+they all grew bigger she had to get more
+and more food for them.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_SUNFLOWER" id="THE_SUNFLOWER"></a>THE SUNFLOWER</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>blue</td><td align='left'>sun&acute;-flow-er</td><td align='left'>star&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>cush&acute;-ion</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>buzz&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>course</td><td align='left'>spar-row</td><td align='left'>mid&acute;-dle</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>set&acute;-tled</td><td align='left'>warmth</td><td align='left'>stopped</td><td align='left'>gar&acute;-den</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>watched</td><td align='left'>in-stead&acute;</td><td align='left'>crowd</td><td align='left'>know</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p>1. It was very hot, the sky was blue,
+and the air was full of the humming and
+buzzing of bees and flies. A white
+butterfly flitted by, but soon went away
+over the garden-wall.</p>
+
+<p>2. Bee after bee, and fly after fly,
+settled on the sunflowers and hunted for
+honey. Dora and Harry watched for a
+long time.</p>
+
+<p>3. 'The sunflower is like a little sun,'
+said Dora.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'And it loves the sun,' said her mother,
+who was snipping off dead roses close
+by; 'it always turns to look at it. See,
+its face is towards the sun now. And if
+you look again before sunset you will
+find the flower turned to it still.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'How strange!' said Dora.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/illus-048.jpg" width="350" height="411" alt="Sunflower." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Sunflower.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>'And it has such a strong stalk,' said
+Harry. 'You would not think that it
+could turn round. It must be alive!'</p>
+
+<p>'Of course it is alive!'</p>
+
+<p>'But, I mean, it must feel, or why<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span>
+should it turn and turn to get the light
+and warmth?'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'How ragged all the stalks and
+leaves are!' said Dora. 'I wish they
+would make themselves tidy instead of
+always staring at the sun. Why are
+there so many holes in the leaves?'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'Grubs have been eating them.
+Our friend Mr Sparrow must have been
+away lately!'</p>
+
+<p>7. Here mother stopped snipping at
+her rose-trees, and came up to one of the
+sunflowers.</p>
+
+<p>8. 'There is something I want you to
+see,' she said. 'You think this is one big
+flower, but it is really a crowd of little
+flowers. Look! Can you think of
+another flower that is something like it?'</p>
+
+<p>9. Harry and Dora shook their heads.</p>
+
+<p>'It is very small,' mother went on,
+'with a cushion in the middle like this,
+and rays standing out all round like these.'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'Does it grow on a tree?'</p>
+
+<p>'No.'</p>
+
+<p>'In this garden?'</p>
+
+<p>'No.'</p>
+
+<p>'In the fields?'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Yes.'</p>
+
+<p>'Oh, I know!' cried Harry. 'It is the
+daisy.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="MERRY_WORKERS" id="MERRY_WORKERS"></a>MERRY WORKERS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>wheels</td><td align='left'>brook&acute;-lets</td><td align='left'>lis&acute;-ten</td><td align='left'>hum&acute;-ming</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>bus&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>ripp&acute;-ling</td><td align='left'>hon&acute;-ey</td><td align='left'>e-nough&acute;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>i&acute;-dle</td><td align='left'>sky&acute;-lark</td><td align='left'>mer&acute;-ri-ly</td><td align='left'>wea&acute;-ry</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">1.  Tell me what the mill-wheels say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Always turning night and day;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">When we sleep and when we wake,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">What a busy sound they make!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Never idle, never still,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">What a worker is the mill!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">2.  What is it that the brooklets say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Rippling onward day by day?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Sweet as skylark on the wing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Ripple, ripple&mdash;thus they sing.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Never idle, never still,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Always working with a will!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">3.  Listen to the honey-bee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Flying now so merrily<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Here and there with busy hum&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Humming, drumming, drumming, drum.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Never idle, never still,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Humming, drumming&mdash;hum it will!<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">4.  Like the mill, the brook, the bee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">May it now be said of me<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That I'm always busy too,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For there's work enough to do.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">If I work, then, with a will,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">It will be but playing still;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Ever merry, never weary,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">It will be but playing still.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_ROSE" id="THE_ROSE"></a>THE ROSE.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>bas&acute;-ket</td><td align='left'>sweet&acute;-ly</td><td align='left'>stooped</td><td align='left'>yel&acute;-low</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>wo&acute;-man</td><td align='left'>cab&acute;-bage</td><td align='left'>smile</td><td align='left'>a-greed&acute;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>vil&acute;-lage</td><td align='left'>be-cause&acute;</td><td align='left'>thorns</td><td align='left'>win&acute;-ter</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. Mother went back to her roses, and
+soon called for a little basket, saying that
+Dora and Harry should take a few to an
+old woman who lived in the village.</p>
+
+<p>2. 'Poor granny,' she said, 'is so
+fond of roses, and she can never get out
+now to see them. Which shall we pick
+for her?'</p>
+
+<p>3. 'Some of these white ones,' said
+Dora.</p>
+
+<p>'I think she would like these red ones,'
+said Harry, 'they smell so sweetly.'</p>
+
+<p>4. Mother cut one or two of each, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>
+then a moss-rose, which looked as if it
+had moss growing round it, and then a
+pink cabbage-rose.</p>
+
+<p>5. 'What has it to do with cabbage?'
+asked Harry.</p>
+
+<p>'It is only called cabbage because it is
+so big and round.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'I like it the best of all,' said
+Dora, and stooped to smell it, putting
+her nose far down into the sweet, deep
+cup: 'it is such a nice rose!'</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 575px; height: 325px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illus-049a.jpg" width="250" height="302" alt="Wild Rose." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Wild Rose.</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illus-049b.jpg" width="250" height="305" alt="Garden Rose." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Garden Rose.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>7. 'Yes, I am very fond of it, and of all
+roses,' said mother, looking at her bushes
+with a smile, 'but I almost think I like<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>
+the wild ones best. Do you know that
+the wild rose is the mother of all these?
+Once upon a time all roses were wild.'</p>
+
+<p>8. Harry and Dora did not think that
+wild roses were very like garden roses.
+'But they both have thorns,' they said.</p>
+
+<p>9. 'Look at them as you go along.
+There are some bushes not far from the
+bottom of the lane, after you turn round
+to go to the village. I don't think you
+will find many roses left, but you will see
+their fruit. They are the birds' fruit-trees.'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'What can mother mean?' they
+asked as they went along.</p>
+
+<p>But they soon found out. The bushes
+were covered with hips; some green,
+others yellow, one or two quite red.</p>
+
+<p>11. They agreed to leave them for the
+birds. Dora said 'They would be sure
+to want them in the winter.'</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/illus-050.jpg" width="200" height="98" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="center">
+<a name="WOOD" id="WOOD"></a>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-051.jpg" width="500" height="427" alt="Making the Doll&#39;s House." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Making the Doll&#39;s House.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<h2>WOOD.</h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>min&acute;-er-al</td><td align='left'>gummed</td><td align='left'>tools</td><td align='left'>beech</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>cop&acute;-per</td><td align='left'>climbed</td><td align='left'>dead</td><td align='left'>birch</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>zinc</td><td align='left'>knees</td><td align='left'>thought</td><td align='left'>wil&acute;-low</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>chalk</td><td align='left'>eve&acute;-nings</td><td align='left'>oak</td><td align='left'>build&acute;-ing</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. The little mineral box was made,
+and Harry and Dora put in the lumps of
+lead, iron, copper, tin, zinc, chalk, and
+slate. Father wrote the names on tiny
+slips of paper and gummed them on.</p>
+
+<p>2. Then he said that he was going to
+make Dora a doll's house. On hearing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span>
+this, Dora first jumped about for joy, and
+then climbed up on her father's knees to
+kiss and hug him.</p>
+
+<p>3. The doll's house was not made all at
+once. It had to be done bit by bit in
+the evenings after father had come home
+from work and had his tea.</p>
+
+<p>4. Dora and Harry always helped him,
+or stood by and talked, played with bits
+of wood, and turned over the tools in the
+box.</p>
+
+<p>5. They said that saw-dust should be
+called wood-dust; and they found out
+that wood was called tree when it was
+alive, and tree was called wood when it
+was dead. They thought this very funny.</p>
+
+<p>6. They also learned that there were as
+many kinds of wood as there were trees.</p>
+
+<p>'Some wood is hard,' said their father,
+'some is half-hard, and some is soft.'</p>
+
+<p>'Soft wood!' cried Dora.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Well, not soft like butter! But
+softer than oak, beech, birch, and
+elm'&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'The trunk of an oak-tree is lying
+where the rabbits live,' said Harry, in
+a great hurry. 'We often play on it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span>
+I know that it is hard. What sort of
+wood are you making the doll's house of?'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Soft wood. It is a bit of pine. So
+is the box that holds the minerals. I
+should find it hard work to cut oak.</p>
+
+<p>'Now, there is one kind of wood so soft
+that you can bend it. It is called willow,
+and baskets are made of it.</p>
+
+<p>'But oak was once used in building
+the great strong ships.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="COAL_PART_1" id="COAL_PART_1"></a>COAL.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 1.</span></h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>win&acute;-dow</td><td align='left'>coal</td><td align='left'>won&acute;-der-ing</td><td align='left'>stretch&acute;-ing</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>shov&acute;-el</td><td align='left'>tum&acute;-bled</td><td align='left'>earth</td><td align='left'>en&acute;-gine</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>spade</td><td align='left'>con-tent&acute;</td><td align='left'>cage</td><td align='left'>doz&acute;-en</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'Here comes the coal,' said Harry,
+looking out of the window. 'Mother,
+may we help Jim to get it in? I can have
+the big shovel, and Dora the little one.
+I should like to see the cart upset!
+What fun it will be!'</p>
+
+<p>2. Crash came the coal on the ground.
+Then the coal-man drew his horse and
+cart away, and set to work with a spade
+to fill the little coal-place.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. The dog jumped, and got in every
+one's way. He wanted to help, too, but
+did not know how. Dora tumbled over
+the heap and bumped her head, so she
+thought she would be content with
+watching Jim and Harry. But Harry
+was soon tired, and Jim was left to go
+on alone.</p>
+
+<p>4. 'Where does coal come from, Jim?'
+he asked.</p>
+
+<p>'Out of the ground, my lad.'</p>
+
+<p>'Does it? Do you dig for it?'</p>
+
+<p>'I don't. But I know somebody who
+does.'</p>
+
+<p>5. 'If I were to dig for it, should I
+find any, Jim?'</p>
+
+<p>'Not you! Why, you have to go down
+ever such a long way before you can even
+begin to dig.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'How do you get down?'</p>
+
+<p>'You go down in a thing they call a
+cage. You can't walk down, you know.
+It is like going down a deep pit. They
+call it a mine.'</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Oh, I have heard of coal-mines!'</p>
+
+<p>Dora was taking up one little lump of
+coal after another, and wondering why<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>
+it was so shiny if it had really come out
+of the earth.</p>
+
+<p>8. Harry went on. 'How do they let
+the cage down? Have you ever been
+down?'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus-052.jpg" width="500" height="426" alt="Coal-miners going down to work." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Coal-miners going down to work.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>'I have been down once,' said Jim, stopping
+in his work and stretching himself.
+'This is the way. There is an engine at
+the top of the shaft'&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'What is the shaft?'</p>
+
+<p>9. 'The pit I told you about. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span>
+engine is fixed there and it lets down
+the cage and pulls it up again. Half-a-dozen
+men or so can go in it at a time.'</p>
+
+<p>'It must be very strong.'</p>
+
+<p>10. 'Yes, it is, and it has strong chains
+to hold it. It goes up and down all day
+long, bringing up the coal.'</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="COAL_PART_2" id="COAL_PART_2"></a>COAL.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="font-size: 50%;">PART 2.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>re&acute;-al-ly</td><td align='left'>knife</td><td align='left'>pic&acute;-tures</td><td align='left'>thou&acute;-sands</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>eas&acute;-i-ly</td><td align='left'>be-tween&acute;</td><td align='left'>an&acute;-i-mal</td><td align='left'>piec&acute;-es</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>slic&acute;-es</td><td align='left'>met&acute;-al</td><td align='left'>whole</td><td align='left'>to-geth&acute;-er</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>straight</td><td align='left'>fetched</td><td align='left'>for&acute;-ests</td><td align='left'>puz&acute;-zles</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>1. Next day the children asked their
+mother to tell them what coal really
+was. Harry did not think it was a
+stone, because he had broken two or
+three lumps with a hammer. He found
+that it broke much more easily than
+stone.</p>
+
+<p>2. Besides, it did not fly all into sharp
+bits, but came off in slices; and he saw
+that it had straight lines along it.
+When he poked his knife in between<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span>
+these lines, he could take off a slice of
+coal at once!</p>
+
+<p>3. Dora did not think it was a metal,
+because she had learnt that iron would
+melt in a fire and flow like water. 'Coal
+does not melt,' she said, 'every one knows
+that!'</p>
+
+<p>4. She took a small lump out of the
+coal-box, and Harry did the same.
+Mother then fetched some pictures, and
+one or two other things, and the talk
+began.</p>
+
+<p>5. 'It is no wonder that you can't
+guess what coal is! It does not look at
+all like what it was at first. It was not
+always in the ground; it used to live on
+the top and get the air and sunshine.'</p>
+
+<p>6. 'It must have been alive,' said
+Harry. 'Was it an animal?'</p>
+
+<p>'No.'</p>
+
+<p>'Then it was a plant!' cried Dora.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'Well, it is all that is left of many
+plants and trees, whole forests of plants
+and trees, that grew long, long ago.'</p>
+
+<p>'Before you were born, mother?'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'Yes, long before that! It was
+hundreds and thousands of years ago.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>
+It was so far back that the trees were
+not like the trees we have now. Many
+of them were big
+ferns. Think of a
+fern grown up to be
+a tree! And many
+were great horse-tails.
+You know
+what a horse-tail is?'</p>
+
+<p>9. 'Oh yes,' said
+Dora, 'we find them
+in the ditch down the
+lane. It is such fun
+pulling them to pieces
+and putting them
+together again&mdash;like
+puzzles!'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illus-053a.jpg" width="250" height="443" alt="Horse-tail." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Horse-tail.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>10. 'Those trees
+must have been very strange,' said Harry.
+'They would not be nice to climb. But
+there were no boys in those days, so it
+did not matter.'</p>
+
+<div class="center"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/illus-053b.jpg" width="150" height="141" alt="" title="" />
+</div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="FIRE" id="FIRE"></a>FIRE.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" style="font-weight: bold;">
+<tr><td align='left'>min&acute;-er-al</td><td align='left'>walk&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>Lon&acute;-don</td><td align='left'>blaze</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>coal</td><td align='left'>laugh&acute;-ing</td><td align='left'>smoke</td><td align='left'>beast</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>fen&acute;-der</td><td align='left'>grate</td><td align='left'>al-read&acute;-y</td><td align='left'>cage</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>prop&acute;-er</td><td align='left'>cru&acute;-el</td><td align='left'>flame</td><td align='left'>pic&acute;-tures</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>1. 'Don't you think,' said Harry, 'that
+a bit of coal would be a good thing for
+our mineral box?'</p>
+
+<p>2. 'I do,' said his father. 'Get a little
+lump, and put it in. And, by the way,
+we want more coal on the fire. I must
+get some.'</p>
+
+<p>3. 'How nice a fire is on a cold day!'
+said Dora, sitting down on the fender, to
+be as near to it as she could.</p>
+
+<p>'Very nice,' said her mother, 'in its
+proper place&mdash;in the grate.'</p>
+
+<p>4. 'Ah, we should not like it to come
+walking about the room!' said Harry,
+laughing. 'There would soon be no
+room'&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'And no house!' said Dora, shaking
+her head. 'And then what should we
+do?'</p>
+
+<p>5. Father came back with the coal,
+and put some into the grate, saying:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Fire is a good servant but a bad
+master. If it gets its own way it is a
+cruel thing. It would burn a town
+down. It once burned big London.'</p>
+
+<p>6. Harry was looking at one of the
+lumps that had been put on the fire.
+Smoke was coming out of it already.
+A flame burst out in front, and soon
+the whole lump was in a blaze.</p>
+
+<p>7. 'It seems such a pity that it should
+all be burned up,' said Harry, 'when it
+took so long to make.'</p>
+
+<p>'That is the way of fire,' said father,
+'it eats up everything, and when it has
+nothing more to feed on it comes to an
+end&mdash;it goes out, we say.'</p>
+
+<p>8. 'We don't want it to go out, and so
+we keep on feeding it,' said mother. 'It
+is like a wild beast in a cage.'</p>
+
+<p>'Now look at the coal!' said father.</p>
+
+<p>9. By this time the lumps were red and
+very hot. The children went down on
+their knees to look for pictures in the
+fire. They soon saw what looked like
+men and dogs, rocks, hills, and trees,
+and at last a great cat with red-hot eyes
+and a very curly tail.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="OBJECT_LESSONS" id="OBJECT_LESSONS"></a>OBJECT LESSONS.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_CAT_Page_7" id="THE_CAT_Page_7"></a>THE CAT.</h2> <p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_CAT_PART_I">Page 7.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The cat lives in and about our homes; so we call it a
+domestic animal.</p>
+
+<p>2. It belongs to the same tribe of animals as the lion
+and tiger. They are savage&mdash;puss is tame. Like them,
+it is a beast of prey&mdash;that is, it catches and eats other
+animals. They cannot hear it coming with its soft, padded
+feet.</p>
+
+<p>3. The cat leaps upon its prey. It sticks its strong, sharp
+claws into a mouse, and soon kills it with its sharp teeth.</p>
+
+<p>4. Puss is covered with fur; she has five claws on each
+fore-paw, and four on each hind one. She draws them
+into little sheaths when not angry.</p>
+
+<p>5. With its rough tongue the cat can lap up milk, and also
+clean its fur. It likes to be clean. It opens its eyes wider
+in the dark, and can see to run about at night. On each
+side of its head are long whiskers, with which it feels its
+way.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Cats have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Cats like&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Cats are&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Padded feet.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Milk.</td><td align='left'>Domestic.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sharp claws and teeth.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Meat.</td><td align='left'>Tame.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rough tongues.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Mice and rats.</td><td align='left'>Useful.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Good sight at night.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Birds and fish.</td><td align='left'>Cleanly.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_DOG_Page_12" id="THE_DOG_Page_12"></a>THE DOG.</h2> <p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_DOG">Page 12.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The dog is larger and more active than the cat. It is
+also of more use to man, for it guards the house, minds
+the sheep, and will not allow any one to harm its master.</p>
+
+<p>2. There are many kinds of dogs. All are of some use&mdash;from
+the large Newfoundland dog to the little fox-terrier.</p>
+
+<p>3. Dogs are like cats in some things. They have padded
+feet and strong claws. But their claws are blunt. They
+cannot draw them into sheaths as puss does; so they make
+more noise in walking.</p>
+
+<p>4. The dog is also a beast of prey. But it is not so fierce as
+the wolf or the fox, which belong to the same tribe of
+animals. It likes meat and bones, but will also eat bread
+and vegetables. Its teeth are very strong and sharp.</p>
+
+<p>5. Most dogs have keen scent, pointed noses, and quick
+sight.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Dogs have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Dogs&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Dogs are&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Blunt claws.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Bark.</td><td align='left'>Useful.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sharp, strong teeth.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Watch.</td><td align='left'>Faithful.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Keen scent.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Jump.</td><td align='left'>Friendly.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Quick sight.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Hunt.</td><td align='left'>Wise.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BUTTERCUPS_Page_15" id="BUTTERCUPS_Page_15"></a>BUTTERCUPS. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#BUTTERCUPS">Page 15.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Buttercups grow wild. They are of a golden yellow
+colour. Each flower has five yellow leaves growing out from
+the middle of five smaller green ones.</p>
+
+<p>2. The flowers are something like a cup in shape, with a
+little tuft of grass-like threads standing in each one. In the
+green ball in the middle there are tiny seeds from which other
+buttercups will grow if they fall into the ground.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. Buttercups come in spring. They grow on taller stems
+than daisies. They have no nice scent such as violets or
+roses have.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Buttercups&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Buttercups have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Buttercups are&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Grow wild.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Five yellow leaves.</td><td align='left'>Pretty and shiny.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Come in spring.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Five green ones.</td><td align='left'>Eaten by cattle.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WHEAT_Page_20" id="WHEAT_Page_20"></a>WHEAT. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#WHEAT_PART_1">Page 20.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Wheat is a plant of the <i>grass</i> kind, but grows higher
+than common grass. It is grown from seed, which is grains
+of wheat kept until hard and dry.</p>
+
+<p>2. Ruts are made in the soil by a plough, and into these
+the seed is cast. Then the soil is covered over them by a
+harrow, drawn by a horse.</p>
+
+<p>3. Rain and warm sunshine help the grains to grow. They
+grow into tall, jointed stems, and soon the ears of wheat
+appear. They are green at first, but the sun ripens them and
+turns them yellow.</p>
+
+<p>4. Then the wheat is cut, and the new grains are threshed
+out from the husks which are called chaff. The tall stems
+make straw. The grains are ground into flour by the miller.
+We use flour for making bread, cakes, and puddings.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Wheat is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Wheat has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Wheat makes&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A grass plant.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">A tall stem.</td><td align='left'>Flour.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Grown from seed.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Graceful leaves.</td><td align='left'>Foods.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Green at first.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">An ear.</td><td align='left'>Chaff.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Yellow when ripe.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Grains.</td><td align='left'>Straw.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SLATE_Page_26" id="SLATE_Page_26"></a>SLATE. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#SLATE_PART_1">Page 26.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Slate is a kind of stone. Rocks, and even mountains, are
+sometimes made of slate. The great hole made in the rocks
+by getting it out, is called a quarry. It is got out in very
+large blocks. Sometimes gunpowder is used to crack the rocks
+before the blocks can be got out.</p>
+
+<p>2. Slate is very hard and brittle. It is used for many purposes.
+Houses are roofed with slates. Sometimes it is used for
+pavements. It can be made so smooth that we use it for
+writing upon. Slate-pencil is made from soft slate-stone.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Slate is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="br bl"><b>Slate is found in&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Slate is useful for&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A kind of stone.</td><td align='left' class="br bl">Cumberland.</td><td align='left'>Roofing houses.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Very hard.</td><td align='left' class="br bl">Wales.</td><td align='left'>Making pavements.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brittle.</td><td align='left' class="br bl">Cornwall and Devon.</td><td align='left'>Writing upon.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHALK_Page_31" id="CHALK_Page_31"></a>CHALK. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#CHALK_PART_1">Page 31.</a></i></p>
+
+<p>1. Like slate, chalk comes out of the hills. It is white
+and soft. It is used for many purposes. The farmer puts it
+on the fields sometimes, to make the soil better. It holds
+water and keeps the soil moist.</p>
+
+<p>2. We get lime and whiting from chalk. We use it in
+these forms for making our ceilings and walls clean. It is
+used, too, for writing on the blackboard. Chalk is found in
+many parts of England. Kent and Hampshire have most.
+Chalk-pits are often seen in the hills.</p>
+
+<p>3. Chalk is formed of thousands of tiny shells.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Chalk is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Chalk is found in&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Chalk makes&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>White.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Hampshire.</td><td align='left'>Lime.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Soft.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Kent.</td><td align='left'>Whiting.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Crumbly.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Isle of Wight.</td><td align='left'>Chalk-pencils.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_MOUSE_Page_36" id="THE_MOUSE_Page_36"></a>THE MOUSE. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_MOUSE">Page 36.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The mouse is a very small animal, with pointed nose and
+long tail. It has large bright eyes, large ears, strong sharp
+teeth, and is very timid.</p>
+
+<p>2. The mouse gnaws through the walls and floors of our
+houses with its sharp, strong teeth. It makes a little nest in
+a hole. It comes out when all is quiet to look for crumbs,
+or anything left about that it can eat. It gets into the
+pantry sometimes.</p>
+
+<p>3. Some mice live in fields and woods. The tiny harvest-mouse
+makes its nest on a wheat-stalk. It often does great
+harm to the wheat.</p>
+
+<p>4. But for puss there would soon be so many mice that we
+should not know what to do.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Mice have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Mice like&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Mice are&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Long tails.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Bread.</td><td align='left'>Very small.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sharp teeth.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Meat.</td><td align='left'>Very timid.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Large ears.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Cheese.</td><td align='left'>Very quick.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bright eyes.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Milk.</td><td align='left'>Very quiet.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_RABBIT_Page_41" id="THE_RABBIT_Page_41"></a>THE RABBIT. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_RABBIT">Page 41.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The rabbit is about the size of the cat, and is covered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>
+with short fur. It burrows a hole in the ground and makes
+a nest there for its young.</p>
+
+<p>2. Rabbits have long ears and large eyes. They can hear
+a very slight sound, and can see <i>behind</i> as well as before
+them.</p>
+
+<p>3. Their hind-legs are longer than their fore-legs; so they
+do not run, but leap.</p>
+
+<p>4. Rabbits like to live where there is plenty of furze, which
+they eat for food. They do much mischief in corn-fields by
+eating the young corn. They also eat the bark off young
+trees, and so spoil them.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Rabbits have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Rabbits eat&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Rabbits&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Long ears.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Grass.</td><td align='left'>Burrow.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Large eyes.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Roots.</td><td align='left'>Make nests for their young.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Long hind-legs.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Leaves.</td><td align='left'>Leap.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Warm fur.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Bark.</td><td align='left'>Play.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IVY_Page_43" id="IVY_Page_43"></a>IVY. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#IVY">Page 43.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Ivy is an evergreen, climbing plant. It grows on old
+walls, houses, and churches, and sometimes on trees.</p>
+
+<p>2. There are several kinds of ivy. The leaves of each
+kind are of a different shape. All ivy leaves are very pretty.</p>
+
+<p>3. The leaves have little marks called veins, crossing them
+in all ways. These veins are full of sap, or moisture, which
+the roots of the plant suck up from the earth.</p>
+
+<p>4. Some ivy flowers, and bears berries.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Ivy is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Ivy has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Ivy grows&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An evergreen.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Different forms of leaf.</td><td align='left'>On old buildings.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A climber.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Many veins.</td><td align='left'>Sometimes round trees.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_TREE_Page_47" id="A_TREE_Page_47"></a>A TREE. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#A_TREE">Page 47.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. There are many kinds of trees. The oak, elm, and
+beech are very common.</p>
+
+<p>2. Trees have roots, trunks, branches, leaves, and often
+flowers and fruit. The brown covering of the trunk is called
+bark. This keeps the tree warm and dry.</p>
+
+<p>3. Their leaves fall off in autumn, except those of evergreens
+like the holly and the laurel.</p>
+
+<p>4. Trees are both beautiful and useful. They provide us
+with timber and firewood, and give shade and shelter to our
+houses and gardens.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Trees have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Trees&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Trees give us&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Roots.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Shed leaves.</td><td align='left'>Timber.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Branches.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Live long.</td><td align='left'>Fruits.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Leaves.</td><td class="bl br">&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Shade and shelter.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="BRICKS_Page_50" id="BRICKS_Page_50"></a>BRICKS. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#BRICKS">Page 50.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Bricks are made of clay. The clay is very damp and
+heavy when it is dug out of the ground.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>2. It is put into moulds to make bricks, and slowly baked
+in a kiln. Then the bricks are dry and not so heavy as
+the clay was. They are porous.</p>
+
+<p>3. Most bricks are of oblong shape. This is the shape used
+for building houses, schools, walls. Sometimes they are
+made into very pretty shapes, are glazed and used for floors
+and other things.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Bricks are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Bricks are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Bricks are used&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Made of clay.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Not so heavy as stone.</td><td align='left'>For building.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Shaped in moulds.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Hard.</td><td align='left'>For ornament.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Baked in a kiln.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Oblong.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_DONKEY_Page_53" id="THE_DONKEY_Page_53"></a>THE DONKEY. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#A_DONKEY">Page 53.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The donkey is a useful animal when well treated. It
+is cheaper to buy and to keep than a pony.</p>
+
+<p>2. The donkey has hoofs like the horse, and wears shoes.
+It is very patient and gentle, and can do with coarse food.</p>
+
+<p>3. The donkey's coat is rough, and its mane short. It has
+a black stripe down its back and across its shoulders. Its
+head and ears are very long.</p>
+
+<p>4. The donkey can climb high rugged paths better than
+the horse. It can also carry heavy loads up hill, because it
+is strong and sure-footed.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>The donkey has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>The donkey is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>The donkey likes&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hoofed feet.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Strong.</td><td align='left'>Hay.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Long ears.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Sure-footed.</td><td align='left'>Grass.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A shaggy coat.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Gentle.</td><td align='left'>Thistles.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A short mane.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Patient.</td><td align='left'>Carrots.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SHEEP_Page_55" id="SHEEP_Page_55"></a>SHEEP. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#SHEEP">Page 55.</a></i></p>
+
+<p>1. Sheep live mostly in the fields. They often climb
+very high hills. Their feet are not like the donkey's; they
+are cloven, like the cow's.</p>
+
+<p>2. Their legs are so slender that their bodies seem almost
+too large for them. The thick wool which grows upon them
+makes them look large.</p>
+
+<p>3. Sheep eat grass. They tear it off, as the cow does.
+They cannot bite, since they have no front teeth in the
+upper jaw.</p>
+
+<p>4. They are very timid, gentle creatures. They do not like
+to be alone. They live in flocks. They make a great noise
+when bleating.</p>
+
+<p>5. Sheep are very useful. Their flesh gives us mutton;
+their wool makes clothing; their skin makes leather.</p>
+
+<p><i>Write and Learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Sheep have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Sheep are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Sheep give us&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cloven hoofs.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Gentle.</td><td align='left'>Food.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Slender legs.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Timid.</td><td align='left'>Clothing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Thick wool.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Climbers.</td><td align='left'>Leather.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TURNIPS_Page_59" id="TURNIPS_Page_59"></a>TURNIPS. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#TURNIPS">Page 59.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Turnips are grown both in fields and gardens. The tops
+are green. The turnip is almost round; but it tapers towards
+the bottom. Most of the turnip grows under ground; but
+we can see part of it above ground when nearly ripe.</p>
+
+<p>2. Turnips are good for food. Sheep and cattle are fond of
+them. Animals eat them raw. We boil them. Raw turnips<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>
+are not good for us. Pigs will eat the rinds which we
+peel off.</p>
+
+<p>3. Turnips are white or yellow, sweet, juicy, wholesome.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Turnips are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Turnips have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Turnips are eaten&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>White or yellow.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Roots.</td><td align='left'>By man.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sweet.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Green tops.</td><td align='left'>By animals.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wholesome.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Thick rinds.</td><td align='left'>Mostly in winter.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="GREEN_PEAS_Page_62" id="GREEN_PEAS_Page_62"></a>GREEN PEAS. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#GREEN_PEAS_PART_1">Page 62.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The pea is a climbing plant. We put tall sticks in the
+garden for the peas to climb. They grow from seeds which
+are dried peas.</p>
+
+<p>2. As they grow, tendrils shoot out and take hold of the
+sticks. Pretty green leaves grow too. Then come the
+dainty white flowers.</p>
+
+<p>3. When the flowers wither, they leave little green pods.
+Inside the pods are little green peas. Peas and pods grow
+larger each day until ripe.</p>
+
+<p>4. Peas are very good for food. Pigs like the husks.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Peas have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Peas&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Peas grow&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Roots.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Climb.</td><td align='left'>In gardens.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Tendrils.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Grow from seed.</td><td align='left'>In fields.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flowers.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Hold by tendrils.</td><td align='left'>In summer.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IRON_AND_METAL_Page_67" id="IRON_AND_METAL_Page_67"></a>IRON AND METAL. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#IRON_AND_METAL">Page 67.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Metals are made from ores which are dug out of the
+earth. These ores are found in many parts of the world.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span>
+Iron is the most common, as well as the most useful
+metal.</p>
+
+<p>2. Many things we use are made of it. The <i>steel</i> of which
+our knives, tools, and other things are made, is made from
+iron. Iron is largely used for making bridges, railings,
+fire-grates, hammers.</p>
+
+<p>3. Lead, copper, tin, and zinc are metals also. So are
+silver and gold.</p>
+
+<p>4. Men must dig deep down into the earth to find them.
+The holes and passages which they make are called mines.</p>
+
+<p>5. All metals are heavy. All will melt in great heat, and
+all can be hammered out into thin sheets or drawn out into
+wire.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Metals are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Metals can be&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>The common metals are&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Heavy.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Melted.</td><td align='left'>Iron.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Useful.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Hammered out.</td><td align='left'>Lead.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Plentiful.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Polished.</td><td align='left'>Tin and copper.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="NEEDLES_Page_71" id="NEEDLES_Page_71"></a>NEEDLES.</h2> <p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#NEEDLES_PART_1">Page 71.</a></i></p>
+
+<p>1. Needles are made of steel wire. In a needle-factory there
+are hundreds of coils of wire. Some of the wire is thick
+enough for darning-needles; some very thin for making
+sewing-needles.</p>
+
+<p>2. The wire is cut by a machine. The needles are pointed
+on a grindstone. The eyes are punched by another machine.
+Then the needles are filed to make them smooth.</p>
+
+<p>3. To make them hard, the needles are made white-hot, and
+put into cold water until quite cool. They are then cleaned
+and polished.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>4. They must be very dry before put into packets, or they
+will rust.</p>
+
+<p>5. Many boys and girls, as well as men and women, work
+in needle-factories.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Needles are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Needles have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Needles are used&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Smooth.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Eyes.</td><td align='left'>For sewing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bright.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Shanks.</td><td align='left'>For darning.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Pointed.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Points.</td><td align='left'>For other work.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_KNIFE_Page_80" id="THE_KNIFE_Page_80"></a>THE KNIFE. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_KNIFE">Page 80.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. A knife is most useful for cutting. The blade is made
+of steel; the handle of ivory, bone, or wood.</p>
+
+<p>2. The blade and handle are fastened together by a long,
+thin piece of iron which goes into the handle. The blades
+have to be heated as needles are, to make them hard.</p>
+
+<p>3. A knife is blunt on one edge; sharp on the other. The
+grinder sharpens it on a huge stone which goes round and
+round. The blades are polished before being put into the
+handles, as well as after.</p>
+
+<p>4. There are many kinds of knives. Pocket-knives have
+a spring to make them shut tightly. A table-knife is rounded
+at the end; the carving-knife has a sharp pointed blade.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Knives are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Knives have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Knives are made&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sharp.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Blades.</td><td align='left'>In Sheffield.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bright.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Handles.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Useful.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Springs.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_HEN_Page_83" id="THE_HEN_Page_83"></a>THE HEN. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_HEN">Page 83.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The hen is a domestic bird. Some are white; some
+black; others many colours. The hen finds much of its own
+food in the fields. It is fed with barley, bread, potatoes,
+and other things from the house.</p>
+
+<p>2. The hen has a small head with eyes at the sides. Its
+bill is strong and sharp.</p>
+
+<p>3. The hen sleeps on a perch on one leg. It never falls
+off; its foot is made for grasping.</p>
+
+<p>4. Hens are useful for the eggs they give us; and they are
+also good for food. Their feathers, too, are useful.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>The hen has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>The hen is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>The hen gives us&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A small head.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">A domestic bird.</td><td align='left'>Eggs.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A strong bill.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">A percher.</td><td align='left'>Food.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A grasping foot.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Useful.</td><td align='left'>Feathers.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_SPARROW_Page_86" id="THE_SPARROW_Page_86"></a>THE SPARROW. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_SPARROW">Page 86.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The sparrow is a small bird with brown and gray feathers.
+It builds its nest on our houses, and sometimes in the pipes
+which carry the rain off the roof. A sparrow's nest is seldom
+found in a tree. It lays five or six eggs which are spotted
+with brown.</p>
+
+<p>2. Farmers often kill sparrows because they steal the corn
+and fruit. But they are really good friends to the farmer.
+They eat the worms and grubs, which would destroy <i>all</i>
+the fruit.</p>
+
+<p>3. The sparrow is a very bold little bird, and is to be
+found in the streets of the largest towns as well as in the
+country.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>The sparrow has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>The sparrow is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>The sparrow eats&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brown and gray feathers.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Small.</td><td align='left'>Grain.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sharp claws.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Bold.</td><td align='left'>Worms.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A long tail.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Useful.</td><td align='left'>Fruit.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="HERBS_Page_90" id="HERBS_Page_90"></a>HERBS. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#SOME_HERBS">Page 90.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Herbs are plants or vegetables with soft stalks or stems.
+Some grow wild, others we grow in our gardens.</p>
+
+<p>2. We use some for eating, such as mustard and cress.
+Others, such as parsley, mint, sage, and thyme, we use to
+flavour our food. Many are used as medicine.</p>
+
+<p>3. Most herbs have a nice scent. They are very plentiful,
+and very useful.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Herbs have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Herbs are&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Herbs are used&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Soft stems.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Plentiful.</td><td align='left'>For eating.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Nice scent.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Useful.</td><td align='left'>For flavouring.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Strong flavour.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Grown from seeds.</td><td align='left'>For medicine.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="COFFEE_Page_93" id="COFFEE_Page_93"></a>COFFEE </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#COFFEE">Page 93.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. We get coffee from the coffee-tree. It is an evergreen,
+something like our bay-tree. It bears a pretty white flower.</p>
+
+<p>2. When the flower falls it leaves a red berry, something<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>
+like a cherry. The two hard, oval seeds inside it are what
+we call coffee beans. They are of a pale colour in the berry,
+but are roasted to make them brown.</p>
+
+<p>3. Coffee is good to drink, but it is not so cheap as tea. It
+grows in warm countries far away&mdash;in Arabia and the West
+Indies chiefly.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>The Coffee-tree&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Coffee is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Coffee grows&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Is an evergreen.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Good to drink.</td><td align='left'>In Arabia.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Has white flowers.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Warming.</td><td align='left'>In the West Indies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Has a red berry.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Not so cheap as tea.</td><td align='left'>In Brazil.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="PAPER_Page_96" id="PAPER_Page_96"></a>PAPER. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#PAPER">Page 96.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Paper is one of the most useful things we have. It is
+made of old rags which are torn to pieces by a machine.
+Lime is put in to make them white.</p>
+
+<p>2. The pulp, as it is called, is then formed into sheets
+and pressed. It is then covered with <i>size</i>, and pressed again
+to make it smooth and glossy.</p>
+
+<p>3. Blotting-paper and other kinds not used for writing upon,
+are not sized. Brown paper is made of old canvas and
+sacking.</p>
+
+<p>4. Before paper was made, people used to write upon the
+inner bark of trees, and the thin skins of animals made
+sweet and dry, and called parchment.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Writing-paper is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Blotting-paper is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Brown paper is&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Smooth.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Soft.</td><td align='left'>Coarse.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Glossy.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Unglazed.</td><td align='left'>Strong.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Fine.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Porous.</td><td align='left'>Used for parcels.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_FLY_Page_99" id="THE_FLY_Page_99"></a>THE FLY.</h2> <p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#A_FLY">Page 99.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. The fly is a wonderful little insect. It has six legs, with
+such curious feet that it can walk on the window-panes or
+the ceiling.</p>
+
+<p>2. It has a funny little round head. Its eyes stand out so
+that it can see round about it. It cannot move its eyes as
+we do. Neither can it bite its food&mdash;it sucks it.</p>
+
+<p>3. The fly teases us in summer. It gets into our sugar,
+milk, treacle, and honey. Then it makes marks upon our
+windows and other things.</p>
+
+<p>4. Its wings are very pretty. When they get wet it
+cannot fly. The noise flies make is called buzzing.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Flies have&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Flies&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Flies like&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Six legs.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Buzz.</td><td align='left'>Sugar.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Curious feet.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Lay tiny eggs.</td><td align='left'>Honey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Fixed eyes.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Suck their food.</td><td align='left'>Milk.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_WASP_Page_102" id="THE_WASP_Page_102"></a>THE WASP.</h2> <p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_WASP">Page 102.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. A wasp is a very pretty insect, black and yellow in
+colour. There are several kinds. Some burrow in the ground
+and make their nests there. Others build their nests in trees.</p>
+
+<p>2. Wasps live together in large numbers. They are very
+busy. Some lay eggs; some are masons, and build the nest;
+others are soldiers, and guard the home; whilst others carry
+away all the rubbish, and keep everything clean and tidy.</p>
+
+<p>3. The wasp's sting has poison in it. This is why it gives
+us such pain if we get stung.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>4. The wasp is something like the fly in shape, only much
+larger. It preys upon other insects.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>The Wasp has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>The Wasp&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>The Wasp likes&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Six legs.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Makes a nest.</td><td align='left'>Insects.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Four wings.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Works hard.</td><td align='left'>Meat.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A sharp sting.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Sleeps all winter.</td><td align='left'>Sweet things.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_SUNFLOWER_Page_104" id="THE_SUNFLOWER_Page_104"></a>THE SUNFLOWER. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_SUNFLOWER">Page 104.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. This flower is called <i>sun</i>-flower because it always turns
+its face to the sun. It turns as the sun goes round.</p>
+
+<p>2. The sunflower grows on a strong, tall stalk. It is something
+like a daisy in form.</p>
+
+<p>3. The deep-yellow leaves stand out in rays from the dark-coloured
+middle of the flower, which is called the <i>disk</i>.
+This disk is made of a large number of tiny flowers closely
+packed together.</p>
+
+<p>4. The seeds of this flower are large and oblong, and
+contain oil.</p>
+
+<p>5. Bees and flies visit sunflowers, to gather honey.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>The sunflower has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>The sunflower&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>The sunflower has&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A strong stalk.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Grows from seed.</td><td align='left'>Small flowers in its disk.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A large disk.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Contains honey.</td><td align='left'>Oblong seeds.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Many rays.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Turns to the sun.</td><td align='left'>Oily seed.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_ROSE_Page_108" id="THE_ROSE_Page_108"></a>THE ROSE. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#THE_ROSE">Page 108.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Roses are of many kinds and many colours. Most of
+them are sweet-scented. Some rose-bushes do not grow very
+high. Others grow up as high as our houses.</p>
+
+<p>2. Roses have thorns on their stems. Wild roses have
+many thorns. Wild roses are small&mdash;have only five leaves&mdash;but
+they are very pretty.</p>
+
+<p>3. When they die they leave berries, called hips, which
+make good food for the birds in winter. There are seeds in
+them.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>The rose has&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>The rose is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>The wild rose&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A sweet scent.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Sometimes white.</td><td align='left'>Grows in hedges.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sharp thorns on its stem.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Sometimes yellow.</td><td align='left'>Has five leaves.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Soft, smooth leaves.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Sometimes red.</td><td align='left'>Has berries called 'hips.'</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="WOOD_Page_111" id="WOOD_Page_111"></a>WOOD. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#WOOD">Page 111.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Wood seems to be almost as useful as iron. Hundreds of
+years ago, houses were built of wood. All the houses in
+London were. There is much wood in our houses now.</p>
+
+<p>2. There are many kinds of wood&mdash;each comes from a
+different tree. Oak is a very hard wood. Pine is softer.
+Willow is very soft; its thin branches will bend easily. It is
+used for making baskets.</p>
+
+<p>3. When the trunk of a tree is sawn into planks we can see
+the grain or marks in it. Some are very prettily marked.
+Oak and walnut are. Wood can be highly polished.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Wood grows&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Wood is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Wood is used for&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>In most countries.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Very useful.</td><td align='left'>Building purposes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>In forests.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Mostly hard.</td><td align='left'>Furniture.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Plentifully.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Grained.</td><td align='left'>Fires.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="COAL_Page_113" id="COAL_Page_113"></a>COAL. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#COAL_PART_1">Page 113.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Coal is dug out of the earth. Coal and iron are found
+together. But coal is not a metal as iron is. It will not
+melt. We call it a mineral.</p>
+
+<p>2. It is found in many parts of the world. There is a
+very large quantity in our own country.</p>
+
+<p>3. It is a black, shiny, opaque, and brittle mineral. Men
+have to go deep down into the earth, into mines, to get it.
+They are in great danger.</p>
+
+<p>4. Coals were once forests, which sank lower and lower into
+the earth hundreds and thousands of years ago. They
+became mixed with other things, and in time were changed to
+coal. We can see the grain in some of the coal, as we see it
+in wood.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Coal is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Coal is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Coal is used for&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A Mineral.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Buried forests.</td><td align='left'>Fuel.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Black.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Got from mines.</td><td align='left'>Smelting metals.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Opaque.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Heavy.</td><td align='left'>Making gas.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brittle.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Grained.</td><td align='left'>Making tar.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="FIRE_Page_119" id="FIRE_Page_119"></a>FIRE. </h2><p class="rightcaption">[<i><a href="#FIRE">Page 119.</a></i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. Fire is useful but dangerous. A spark from it might set
+a house on fire. We ought to be very careful about it.
+Children should never play with fire.</p>
+
+<p>2. It is so useful that we should not be able to have many
+things we have, if we had no fire.</p>
+
+<p>3. When England was covered with forests, hundreds of
+years ago, people used to have fires of wood, instead of coal.
+Wood-fires are not so smoky as those made of coal, but they
+are not so hot.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Write and learn:</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'><b>Fire is&mdash;</b></td><td align='center' class="bl br"><b>Fire&mdash;</b></td><td align='center'><b>Fire&mdash;</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Useful.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Burns.</td><td align='left'>Warms our houses.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Dangerous.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Smokes.</td><td align='left'>Cooks our food.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A good servant.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Makes flame.</td><td align='left'>Makes water into steam.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A bad master.</td><td align='left' class="bl br">Gives heat.</td><td align='left'>Makes soot.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p class="center">THE END.</p>
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<p class="center">
+Edinburgh:<br />
+Printed by W. &amp; R. Chambers, Limited.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Chambers's Elementary Science Readers, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY ***
+
+***** This file should be named 18217-h.htm or 18217-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/2/1/18217/
+
+Produced by Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-001.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-001.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f918de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-001.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-003.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-003.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7aa5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-003.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-004.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-004.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd44c85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-004.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-005.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-005.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3592ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-005.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-006.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-006.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3183cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-006.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-007.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-007.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e039b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-007.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-008.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-008.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..149fbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-008.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-009.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-009.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad2dcc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-009.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-010.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-010.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac1f974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-010.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-011.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-011.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c3c994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-011.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-012.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-012.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9184d3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-012.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-013.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-013.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14cf938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-013.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-014.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6867886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-014.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-015.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-015.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eee49ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-015.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-016.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-016.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d848d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-016.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-017.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-017.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a1d239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-017.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-018.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-018.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9acc599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-018.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-019.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-019.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dff632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-019.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-020.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-020.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cfd366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-020.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-021.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-021.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2703bc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-021.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-022.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-022.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc1aea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-022.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-023.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-023.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90c8dc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-023.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-024.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-024.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc8e1c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-024.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-025.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-025.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fc06c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-025.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-026.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-026.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e185a4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-026.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-027.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-027.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90e0046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-027.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-028.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-028.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4def04a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-028.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-029.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-029.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7bae43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-029.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-030.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-030.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcfe57d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-030.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-031.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-031.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28e63b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-031.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-032.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-032.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bbbf49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-032.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-033.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-033.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d71b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-033.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-034.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-034.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..147203f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-034.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-035.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-035.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c2904a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-035.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-036.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-036.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a28cd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-036.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-037.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-037.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1734afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-037.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-038.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-038.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fde1939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-038.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-039.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-039.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b82abe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-039.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-040.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-040.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d85dded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-040.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-041.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-041.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97c1e2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-041.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-042a.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-042a.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b413b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-042a.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-042b.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-042b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1539ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-042b.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-042c.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-042c.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca292ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-042c.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-043.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-043.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fe49fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-043.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-044.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-044.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42e7d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-044.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-045.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-045.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e9125e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-045.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-046.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-046.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e075b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-046.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-047.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-047.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfeb3a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-047.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-048.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-048.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2377dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-048.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-049a.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-049a.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a06da5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-049a.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-049b.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-049b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd7210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-049b.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-050.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-050.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36ff56a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-050.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-051.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-051.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d446732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-051.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-052.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-052.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9a291a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-052.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-053a.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-053a.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f95cbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-053a.jpg
diff --git a/18217-h/images/illus-053b.jpg b/18217-h/images/illus-053b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9aeac16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217-h/images/illus-053b.jpg
diff --git a/18217.txt b/18217.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48b1fce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4875 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Chambers's Elementary Science Readers, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chambers's Elementary Science Readers
+       Book I
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: William Chambers
+         Robert Chambers
+
+Release Date: April 20, 2006 [EBook #18217]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: 'Here comes the big black hen.' Page 85.]
+
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S
+ELEMENTARY
+SCIENCE READERS
+
+
+BOOK I.
+
+
+WITH OBJECT LESSONS
+AND
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+LONDON: 38 Soho Square, W.
+W. & R. CHAMBERS, LIMITED
+EDINBURGH: 339 High Street
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY SCIENCE READERS.
+
+With Object Lessons and Attractive Illustrations.
+
+    Book   I. for Standard   I. 140 pages. Price 9d.
+    Book  II. for Standard  II. 148 pages. Price 10d.
+    Book III. for Standard III. 196 pages. Price 1s.
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S OBJECT LESSON MANUALS.
+
+With Lists of Apparatus, Numerous Illustrations, and Blackboard
+Summaries.
+
+    BOOKS I., II., and III. Price 1s. 6d. each.
+    Complete in One Volume, price 3s. 6d.
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S OBJECT LESSON SHEETS.
+
+A Series of Twenty-one Illustrative Diagrams for Standards I., II., and
+III.
+
+Printed in Black and White on Stout Manilla Paper, size 29 by 23 inches.
+Strongly mounted on Roller, 12s. 6d. per Set. Separate sheets can also
+be had, 6d. each; or Eyeletted, 7d. each.
+
+W. & R. CHAMBERS, LIMITED, LONDON AND EDINBURGH.
+
+P. 1912.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+(The Titles of Poetical Pieces are in _Italics_.)
+
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+The Cat--Part 1                                                        7
+  "        "  2                                                        9
+The Dog                                                               12
+Buttercups                                                            15
+_Daisies and Buttercups_                                              19
+Wheat--Part 1                                                         20
+ "      "   2                                                         23
+Slate--Part 1                                                         26
+ "       "  2                                                         29
+Chalk--Part 1                                                         31
+ "       "  2                                                         34
+The Mouse                                                             36
+_The Field-Mouse_                                                     39
+The Rabbit                                                            41
+Ivy                                                                   43
+A Tree                                                                47
+Bricks                                                                50
+A Donkey                                                              53
+Sheep                                                                 55
+_The Sheep_                                                           58
+Turnips                                                               59
+Green Peas--Part 1                                                    62
+ "           "   2                                                    65
+Iron and Metal                                                        67
+_The Fairy Ring_                                                      70
+Needles--Part 1                                                       71
+  "        "  2                                                       73
+  "        "  3                                                       75
+  "        "  4                                                       78
+The Knife                                                             80
+The Hen                                                               83
+The Sparrow                                                           86
+_A Day in the Country_                                                88
+Some Herbs                                                            90
+Coffee                                                                93
+Paper                                                                 96
+A Fly                                                                 99
+The Wasp                                                             102
+The Sunflower                                                        104
+Merry Workers                                                        107
+The Rose                                                             108
+Wood                                                                 111
+Coal--Part 1                                                         113
+  "     "  2                                                         116
+Fire                                                                 119
+
+
+OBJECT LESSONS.
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+
+The Cat                                                              121
+The Dog                                                              122
+Buttercups                                                           122
+Wheat                                                                123
+Slate                                                                124
+Chalk                                                                124
+The Mouse                                                            125
+The Rabbit                                                           125
+Ivy                                                                  126
+A Tree                                                               127
+Bricks                                                               127
+The Donkey                                                           128
+Sheep                                                                129
+Turnips                                                              129
+Green Peas                                                           130
+Iron and Metal                                                       130
+Needles                                                              131
+The Knife                                                            132
+The Hen                                                              133
+The Sparrow                                                          133
+Herbs                                                                134
+Coffee                                                               134
+Paper                                                                135
+The Fly                                                              136
+The Wasp                                                             136
+The Sunflower                                                        137
+The Rose                                                             138
+Wood                                                                 138
+Coal                                                                 139
+Fire                                                                 140
+
+
+
+
+CHAMBERS'S SCIENCE READERS.
+
+BOOK I.
+
+[Illustration: He sat down on the rug with her.]
+
+
+
+
+THE CAT.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    walk'-ing
+    watched
+    ground
+    shak'-ing
+    thought
+    stroked
+    fore'-paws
+    toes
+    knew
+    smooth
+    yawn
+    stretched
+    sheaths
+    won'-der
+    mis-take'
+    claw
+
+1. Pussy came walking along the garden-path. Harry watched her, and saw
+that she did not like the damp ground.
+
+2. She jumped over the pools, and then began to run, shaking her paws
+as she got to the house.
+
+3. 'Now, a dog does not mind wet feet,' Harry thought; 'he will go into
+the water, but Pussy will never go into the water.
+
+4. 'She does not even use water to wash herself. Come here, Pussy! You
+don't like to wet your nice fur, do you?'
+
+5. As Harry was always kind to pussy, she let him pick her up and carry
+her into the house.
+
+6. He sat down on the rug with her, and stroked her glossy back. One of
+her fore-paws rested on his hand, and he began to look at it.
+
+7. 'Here are five toes,' he said, 'but what funny toes they are!' He
+gently turned the paw over, and saw the sharp nails drawn in under the
+fur.
+
+8. The cat knew that he would not hurt her, so she kept her claws in,
+and let him feel them on the outside.
+
+9. He found under the paw a soft smooth pad. 'Now I know how it is that
+she can walk so softly!' he said. 'This must help her to walk in that
+way.'
+
+10. Here pussy gave a great yawn, and stretched out both her paws, claws
+and all. Harry saw the sharp nails like hooks, and watched them go back
+into their sheaths. Then she curled herself up on his lap.
+
+11. He took hold of one of her hind-feet, and found only four toes upon
+it. 'I wonder if this is a mistake,' he said, 'or if the other one is
+the same.' Yes, it was just the same: there were four toes, with a claw
+at the end of each.
+
+[Illustration: Cat's Paw.]
+
+
+
+
+THE CAT
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    knives
+    bot'-tom
+    should
+    tear'-ing
+    poured
+    clean
+    sauc'-er
+    tongue
+    touch
+    rough
+    kit'-chen
+    cous'-ins
+    coun'-tries
+    peo'-ple
+    thought
+    be-lieve'
+
+1. 'What long sharp teeth she has got!' cried Harry, as pussy sat up
+and opened her mouth. 'They look like knives. There are two at the top,
+and two at the bottom!
+
+2. 'I should not like my finger to be in the way when you shut your
+mouth. Your teeth must be for tearing and cutting: I am sure you do not
+chew your food as I have to do.
+
+3. 'And what a way you have of drinking!
+
+'Here, pussy, would you like some milk?' said Harry, and getting up, he
+poured a little milk into a clean saucer.
+
+4. The cat ran to it, and Harry went down on the floor close by to watch
+her drinking it.
+
+5. He saw that pussy's tongue was not smooth like his own, but had tiny
+points all over it. It came into his mind that she had once licked his
+face, and her tongue had a 'scrapy' feeling.
+
+6. 'Do it again, pussy, dear,' he said, but she went on lapping up the
+milk.
+
+'May I touch your tongue, then, with one of my fingers?'
+
+7. But pussy did not like this. Then Harry took a drop or two of the
+milk into the palm of his hand. And when the cat had taken all she had
+in the saucer, she came and licked up the milk in his hand.
+
+8. She went on licking even when all was gone, and Harry was able in
+this way to feel how rough her tongue was.
+
+9. Just then his mother came into the kitchen, and Harry told her what
+he had been doing.
+
+She asked:
+
+'Have you looked at pussy's eyes?'
+
+10. 'They are funny eyes,' he said; 'they are green, but there is not
+much of them to be seen.'
+
+'Not just now,' said his mother, 'but she can open them wide when she
+likes. Then she can see even in the dark.'
+
+11. 'In the dark, mother? Well, she is not a bit like me!'
+
+'No, she is not like you. But she has plenty of cousins. Her cousins are
+the big lions and tigers, that live in hot countries, and eat sheep and
+horses, and even people when they can get them.'
+
+12. Harry thought a little, and then said: 'If I were as small as pussy
+is now, and if pussy were as big as I am now, I believe she would eat
+me!'
+
+
+
+
+THE DOG.
+
+
+    fol'-lowed
+    moth'-er
+    hun'-gry
+    lone'-ly
+    win'-dow
+    noise
+    la'-zy
+    be-cause'
+    watched
+    friend
+    bur'-ied
+    e-nough'
+    Ber'-nard
+    shep'-herd
+    wrong
+    talk'-ing
+
+1. A poor lost dog followed Harry and his little sister home from
+school, and tried to come into the house.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+2. They shut the door; but, when they opened it again, the dog was still
+there.
+
+3. He looked so sad that they begged their mother to give him some food.
+Then they said: 'We can't turn him out again to be hungry and lonely!
+Let us keep him till some one comes for him.' And very soon all three
+were happy at play in the garden.
+
+4. The cat sat up on a window-sill, and looked at them. She did not seem
+to like the fun. What a noise they all made!
+
+5. 'How much nicer he is to play with than pussy!' said Dora. 'He is not
+nearly so lazy as pussy.
+
+6. 'Look, he is wagging his tail with joy! Now, if pussy wags her tail,
+it means that she is cross. But I think I like her round face better
+than his sharp one.'
+
+7. 'I don't,' said Harry. 'See how bright he is, and how he looks as if
+he would like to do something for us!'
+
+8. 'That is because we have been kind to him. Hi, good dog!' and Dora
+threw her ball to the very end of the garden, and watched her new friend
+run after it.
+
+9. 'Do you think, Harry,' she asked, 'that he would save us if we were
+buried in the snow?'
+
+[Illustration: St Bernard Dog.]
+
+'No, he is not a dog of that kind, and is not big enough. The big St
+Bernard dogs save people when they are lost in the snow.
+
+10. 'But all dogs are good for something. Look at the shepherd's dog.'
+
+'What can he do?'
+
+11. 'Oh, he is a wise fellow! He knows just where his master means the
+sheep to go, and, if they go the wrong way, he turns them back, and
+never hurts one of them. Why, the shepherd does nothing but walk on,
+telling the dog now and again what to do.'
+
+[Illustration: The Sheep Dog.]
+
+12. Here a dog barked on the road outside, and the dog in the garden
+pricked up his ears and barked too.
+
+'They are talking to each other,' said Dora.
+
+
+
+
+BUTTERCUPS.
+
+
+    chil'-dren
+    flow'-ers
+    dai'-sy
+    chains
+    hun'-gry
+    bas'-ket
+    ought
+    but'-ter
+    piec'-es
+    hair'-y
+    yel'-low
+    threads
+    mid'-dle
+    break
+    leaves
+    seeds
+
+1. One day the children were out in the fields, running races, picking
+flowers, and making daisy-chains!
+
+2. When they began to feel tired and hungry, they got milk and cake out
+of mother's basket, and had a long rest on the dry, warm grass.
+
+3. 'How these buttercups shine!' said Dora; 'they look like gold!'
+
+'Gold-cups, they ought to be called, not butter-cups,' said Harry. 'They
+look like cups, don't they?'
+
+4. 'But they would not hold water like real cups. Look at this one; it
+is in five pieces.'
+
+5. 'Five? Oh yes! And look underneath. There is another sort of cup with
+five leaves in it.'
+
+'Only it is not bright and golden, but green and hairy.'
+
+6. 'Now, you found that out, and I found the five yellow leaves. It is
+my turn again. I can see yellow threads standing up in a ring all round
+the middle of the cup, and their tops are thick.'
+
+7. 'It is my turn now! In the very middle there is a green heap. It
+looks as if the yellow threads were taking care of it.'
+
+'Oh, the heap is all made up of little round things! Look, I can pull it
+to pieces.'
+
+[Illustration: Butter-cup.]
+
+8. 'So can I,' said Harry; 'here is one, here is another! They are not
+round after all, do you see? Each is round at the bottom, but has a
+little bent horn at the top.'
+
+9. 'They must be seeds. I will break one open. Oh no! Just look, there
+is a little ball inside. Have you found a ball in yours?'
+
+'Yes, there is a ball in every one. It must be a seed, or a little egg.'
+
+10. 'Birds have eggs,' said Dora, 'plants have seeds.'
+
+'Well, it is all the same thing,' said Harry.
+
+'I think the green thing with a horn is only a case to take care of the
+seed.'
+
+11. 'All these things seem to take care of each other. First, the green
+leaves at the back take care of the yellow cup.'
+
+'And the yellow cup takes care of the yellow threads.'
+
+'And the yellow threads take care of the green cases.'
+
+'And the green cases take care of the seeds.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+DAISIES AND BUTTERCUPS.
+
+[Illustration: Daisies.]
+
+
+    mead'-ows
+    stalk
+    cov'-ered
+    yel'-low
+    maid'-en
+    light'-ly
+    ten'-der
+    tread
+    win'-ter
+    cun'-ning
+    dai'-sy
+    straight
+    ground
+    chil'-dren
+    moss'-y
+    but'-ter
+
+
+                    I.
+
+    1.  I'm a pretty little thing,
+        Always coming with the spring;
+        In the meadows green I'm found,
+        Peeping just above the ground.
+        And my stalk is covered flat
+        With a white and yellow hat.
+
+    2.  Little maiden, when you pass
+        Lightly o'er the tender grass,
+        Step aside and do not tread
+        On my meek and lowly head;
+        For I always seem to say,
+        'Chilly winter's gone away.'
+
+
+                    II.
+
+    1.  I'm a cunning little thing,
+        Coming also with the spring.
+        Near the daisy I am found,
+        Standing straight above the ground;
+        And my head is covered flat
+        With a glossy, yellow hat.
+
+    2.  Little children, when you pass
+        Through the tall and waving grass,
+        Do not pluck, but gently tread
+        Near my low and mossy bed;
+        For I always seem to say,
+        'Milk and butter fresh to-day.'
+
+
+
+
+WHEAT.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    field
+    fa'-ther
+    wheat
+    plough
+    bas'-ket
+    watched
+    threw
+    har'-row
+    grains
+    east
+    morn'-ing
+    earth
+    joints
+    be-lieve'
+    for'-est
+    stalks
+
+1. There was a very little field at the bottom of the garden, and father
+made up his mind to grow wheat in it.
+
+2. A friend kindly lent him a horse and plough, and the soil was quickly
+turned over. A few days afterwards the seed was sown.
+
+3. The children helped to do this.
+
+They got up very early one morning and went out with their father. Harry
+had a bag full of wheat, and Dora had a little basket.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+4. They watched what their father did, then dipped their hands into the
+wheat, and threw it out over the earth.
+
+5. After that, the horse came again with a harrow, to cover the seed
+over with soil, and it was left to grow.
+
+6. It seemed strange to think that those little hard grains would grow
+up to be tall plants and have other grains upon them.
+
+7. 'I hope we shall have some nice soft rain,' said father, as they left
+the field.
+
+8. Many days went by, rain came again and again. There was sunshine,
+too; but sometimes the east winds blew.
+
+9. Dora and Harry went out every morning to look at the field. But they
+always came in saying that there was nothing but brown earth to be seen.
+
+10. At last, one morning they came in running and jumping. 'Our wheat is
+up! There are tiny green leaves all over the field!'
+
+11. After this there was always something fresh to see. The wheat-plants
+grew taller, and put out long leaves.
+
+12. Dora said one day that they looked like grass, and her mother told
+her that wheat was a large kind of grass.
+
+'Look at the shape of the leaves,' she said, 'and the joints in the
+stems.'
+
+13. The wheat soon grew so tall that it stood above the heads of the
+children. They used to go in among it, and make believe that they were
+lost in a great forest.
+
+14. One day, when they were lost like this, they saw that the tops of
+the stalks had opened. Inside there were green stems with green ears
+upon them.
+
+
+
+
+WHEAT.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    heard
+    talk'-ing
+    har'-vest
+    sup'-per
+    seemed
+    sur-prise'
+    rail'-way
+    heav'-y
+    truck
+    mean
+    flour
+    lis'-ten
+    han'-dle
+    min'-utes
+    treat
+    tea
+
+1. Every day the ears grew larger and harder, and then they began to
+look yellow.
+
+2. The children, too, heard their father and mother talking about their
+golden grain, and saying it was ripe.
+
+3. At last, one very hot day, they found that the time had come to cut
+the wheat. A kind friend came to help, and Harry and Dora and the new
+dog jumped about and ran in and out, and thought that they helped too.
+
+4. The children talked much about their harvest, and mother made them a
+harvest-supper. What a day it was!
+
+5. It seemed so odd to have a bin full of grain just like the grain they
+had sown in the spring.
+
+6. And now there was a great surprise for them. A railway-man came with
+a heavy box on a truck, and when the box was opened, what do you think
+there was inside?
+
+A mill--a fine new wheat-mill!
+
+7. 'We do not need now to go to the miller!' said mother, looking very
+glad. 'We are going to have a miller in our own house--no, two millers,
+I ought to say!'
+
+8. 'Two millers!' cried Harry.
+
+'Do you mean Harry and me?' asked Dora.
+
+'Yes, my dear children, I mean you. You are going to be my dusty
+millers!
+
+9. 'I will show you how much you are to grind, just a little every day.
+You must put it into this big red pan, and cover it up, and when I want
+to bake I shall always have plenty of flour ready.
+
+10. 'And listen! You shall have a penny each every week for doing the
+work.'
+
+At this Dora and Harry jumped for joy, clapped their hands, and ran to
+their mother to hug her.
+
+11. Then she put some of the wheat into the mill, took hold of the
+handle, and made the wheel go round. Harry next took his turn, and Dora
+hers, and in a few minutes they found in the box below a heap of nice
+soft flour.
+
+12. 'Now,' said mother, 'let us give father a treat when he comes home!
+We will make some nice cakes with this flour, and have them for tea!
+Grind a little more, dear millers, while I make up the fire.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+SLATE.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    rid'-dle
+    ex-act'-ly
+    guessed
+    won'-der
+    bought
+    Sat'-ur-day
+    sup-pose'
+    fin'-gers
+    met'-al
+    smooth
+    re-mem'-ber
+    piece
+
+1. 'What is the oldest thing in this room?' asked the mother one day.
+
+'Is this a riddle?'
+
+'No, not exactly.'
+
+2. Dora guessed one thing, and Harry another, and at last they gave up
+guessing. 'Unless,' said Harry, 'it is the fender, or the poker.'
+
+3. 'It is very likely that the thing you were drawing on just now is
+older than any of those.'
+
+4. 'That slate? Why, mother!' cried the children, opening their eyes
+wide with wonder, 'you bought it only last Saturday!'
+
+'So I did. But it was not made last Saturday.'
+
+5. 'No, I suppose the man cut it, and made the frame, and fixed it on
+before that.'
+
+'Perhaps on Friday,' said Dora.
+
+6. 'But the slate itself,' the mother went on, 'where did that come
+from? Did the man make it?'
+
+Harry and Dora looked well at it, turned it over, rubbed their fingers
+on it, and said they did not know.
+
+7. 'Well, would you say it is like wood, or like stone, or is it metal
+like the poker? Is it a kind of wood, do you think? Did it ever grow?'
+
+'I think it must be a sort of rock, or stone,' said Harry, 'only very
+smooth and thin.'
+
+8. 'The man who worked at it before it came to the shop made it smooth
+and cut it thin. It was not smooth and thin at first. But you are quite
+right; it is a sort of stone.'
+
+[Illustration: A Slate Quarry]
+
+9. 'It is as cold as a stone,' said Dora, putting it against her face.
+'Do you remember, Harry, how cold our hands were in winter when we did
+sums? Yes, and it is very hard. I am sure it is a piece of rock.'
+
+
+
+
+SLATE.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    should
+    laughed
+    high'-er
+    thought
+    laugh'-ing
+    pur'-pose
+    prop'-er-ly
+    please
+    set'-tled
+    hap'-pened
+    deal
+    dead
+    weighted
+    through
+    heaved
+    brok'-en
+
+1. 'I should like to see a rock all made of slate! Have you ever seen
+one, mother?'
+
+'Yes, many, dear. But there are none near.' Then she laughed a little.
+'But if you like to go just outside the door you will see rows and rows
+of slates.'
+
+2. Out they ran, looked all over the ground, then at the garden-wall,
+then back at their mother, who had come to the door.
+
+'Look at the house,' she said, 'look higher!'
+
+3. 'Oh, we never thought of the roof,' they cried, and ran in again
+laughing. 'But those slates are not so nice and smooth as our slates.'
+
+'Your slates are made smooth on purpose. Besides, they are made of
+better slate--older slate. The older the slate is the better it is.'
+
+4. 'How old?'
+
+'No one knows. It is a long story, and no one can tell it properly.
+Shall I tell you as much as I know?'
+
+'Yes, do, please, mother!' and the two settled themselves at her feet.
+
+5. 'Well,' she began, 'once upon a time there was a great stir at the
+bottom of the sea. The heat and gas under the ground broke through and
+pushed out everything that was in the way.
+
+6. 'Stones, ashes, and dust came flying up through the water, and then
+fell back into the water again. When all was quiet, they settled down at
+the bottom of the sea, and became mud.
+
+7. 'All this happened many times, till there was a great deal of mud.
+Then, little by little, the mud was covered up by other things.'
+
+8. 'What sort of things?'
+
+'Dead fish, perhaps, and shells, and sand and mud that had been brought
+by rivers into the sea. These things lay on the top of the mud and
+weighed it down.
+
+9. 'The heat under the bottom of the sea still kept up, and made the mud
+very hot, and baked it through. At last it gave a great push, and heaved
+the mud up above the water, so that it became dry land.
+
+10. 'In other ways it was made harder and harder, until it was turned
+into rock. And now we call it slate. Here is a bit of your old broken
+slate. See if you can turn it into mud again!'
+
+
+
+
+CHALK.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    a-cross'
+    morn'-ing
+    chalk'-ing
+    picked
+    piece
+    teach'-er
+    black'-board
+    spread'-ing
+    wheat
+    col'-ours
+    fetch
+    laughed
+    earth
+    brown
+    moist
+    through
+
+1. A few days after this, Dora and Harry were going across the fields.
+They saw a horse and cart standing, and a man taking white stones out of
+the cart and putting them over the ground.
+
+2. 'Why, it is Joe!' they cried, as they came nearer. 'Good-morning,
+Joe. What are you doing?'
+
+'Chalking this bit of land, you see. You know what chalk is, do you?'
+
+3. Harry and Dora picked up a piece or two.
+
+'Teacher writes on the blackboard with chalk,' they said.
+
+'Yes, you are right. It is used for many things,' and he went on
+spreading it over the field.
+
+4. 'But what is it wanted here for, Joe?'
+
+'No chalk, no wheat!' said Joe.
+
+'Father put no chalk on our field, and we had such a heap of wheat!'
+
+5. 'Yours is good land. This up here has never been used for farming. It
+had little old trees on it, you know, and they were cut down and their
+roots dug out of the ground; and now, look at it! It is poor soil.'
+
+6. 'How do you know it is poor?'
+
+'Look at the field below, what a nice brown it is! That will grow
+anything, but this is all colours--black, red, yellow, and green.
+
+7. 'I have been a long way to fetch this chalk: I started off with old
+Dobbin this morning before it was light, and got it out of the
+chalk-pit.'
+
+8. 'When we were fast asleep!' said Dora.
+
+'Then you don't buy chalk at a shop?' said Harry.
+
+Joe laughed.
+
+'No; it comes out of the ground.'
+
+'This is like the slate story,' said Dora.
+
+Harry nodded.
+
+9. 'But, Joe, I want to know how the chalk makes the ground good.'
+
+'I don't know how, but it does. If it lies here for a year or more, the
+earth will turn brown, and we can grow wheat in it. Besides, chalk holds
+water, and so it will keep the ground moist up here.'
+
+10. 'How?'
+
+'Well, when it rains, the water will not run away through the earth, but
+will stay in the lumps of chalk. Are you going? Good-bye, then.'
+
+
+
+
+CHALK.
+
+PART 2.
+
+[Illustration: 'Fizz and bubble, bubble and fizz.']
+
+
+    eve'-ning
+    brought
+    vin'-e-gar
+    bub'-ble
+    air
+    stirred
+    poured
+    grains
+    hun'-dreds
+    smiled
+    crowds
+    threads
+    catch
+    died
+    dropped
+    mixed
+
+1. The children had much to say that evening about Joe and the field.
+They had brought home a lump of chalk.
+
+2. 'I will show you something,' said father, and he got a cup of
+vinegar, crushed a little of the chalk, and dropped it into the cup.
+
+Fizz and bubble, bubble and fizz!
+
+3. What was going on?
+
+When the stir came to an end, the chalk was not there!
+
+'Part of it has gone off in gas,' their father said. 'The rest is lime,
+and it is mixed with the vinegar.'
+
+4. 'We did not see any gas,' said Harry.
+
+'You can't see gas. It is like air. All those bubbles were made by the
+gas. It went out of the cup into the air.
+
+'Now, get a cup of water. Come along! Where is your chalk?'
+
+5. Father rubbed some of it into the water, and stirred it up. The water
+now looked like milk.
+
+Father poured it into the sink, and showed Harry and Dora, at the bottom
+of the cup, a great many tiny grains.
+
+6. 'Those little round things,' he said, 'are shells.'
+
+'Shells!' said Dora, trying to see them better.
+
+'Were live things ever in them?' asked Harry, and put a finger into the
+cup to fish some out.
+
+7. 'Yes, long, long ago. That bit of chalk had hundreds and hundreds of
+shells in it. Now, mother, it is your turn! I have had mine. What do you
+know about chalk?'
+
+8. Mother smiled and began: 'There was once a very deep sea, full of
+live things, little and big. And on the top of the water were crowds of
+tiny things in shells, that put out long arms like threads to catch
+their food.
+
+9. 'When they died they all dropped to the bottom of the sea, and lay
+there. The shells were so very little that they made a sort of mud when
+they were mixed with the water.
+
+'And now the mud is dry, and we call it chalk!'
+
+
+
+
+THE MOUSE.
+
+
+    an'-i-mal
+    noise
+    mouse
+    cheese
+    har'-vest
+    stalk
+    should
+    four
+    tail
+    nib'-ble
+    young
+    beasts
+    squeak
+    hours
+    leaves
+    catch
+
+1. Harry came running in one day to say that he had seen a little animal
+in the field.
+
+2. 'It ran so fast, I could hardly see it. I looked a long time for it,
+and so did Dora, but we could not find it. Now, what do you think it
+could be, mother?'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+3. Then in came Dora, 'It had a long tail, and was very little, and made
+no noise at all.'
+
+4. 'It may have been a mouse,' said their mother; 'very likely it was.'
+
+'But mice live indoors, do they not, and eat cheese, and run about in
+the walls, and make holes?'
+
+5. 'How do you know all this?'
+
+'I have heard them at grandmother's,' said Harry. 'Do they ever live out
+of doors?'
+
+6. 'A good many do. There is a pretty little thing called a
+harvest-mouse. It makes a nest like a bird's, and hangs it up on a stalk
+of wheat.'
+
+[Illustration: The Harvest Mouse and Nest.]
+
+7. 'I wish there had been one in our wheat!' said Dora. 'I should like
+to see the little nest and the baby-mice peeping out. They must be very,
+very small.'
+
+8. 'Yes, the harvest-mouse is the very smallest four-footed animal we
+have. Then there is a field-mouse with a long tail, and a field-mouse
+with a short tail. Mr Short-tail likes to nibble at young trees.'
+
+'Ah, that is not our mouse! He had a long tail.'
+
+9. 'And then there is a wood-mouse.'
+
+'Has he a short tail or long tail?' asked Harry.
+
+'Long. I must tell you about a man who used to go out in the night in
+wild places to see what birds and beasts were doing when most of us
+were in bed.
+
+10. 'One of the things he found out was that field-mice could sing!'
+
+'Don't they squeak?'
+
+'Yes; and he often heard them go on for hours making a kind of singing.
+
+11. 'Sometimes they were close by him as he lay on the ground, and he
+would put out his hand to catch one. But when he opened it again it was
+full of grass or moss or leaves; and there was no mouse.'
+
+'Did he never catch one?'
+
+'Never.'
+
+
+
+
+THE FIELD-MOUSE.
+
+
+    tum'-bles
+    ber'-ry
+    brown
+    mer'-ry
+    scarce'-ly
+    weath'-er
+    nib'-bling
+    fruits
+    farm'-er
+    stacks
+    treas'-ure
+    pleas'-ure
+    reared'
+    un-der-neath'
+    shad'-ow
+    mead'-ow
+
+    1.  Where the acorn tumbles down,
+          Where the ash-tree sheds its berry,
+        With your fur so soft and brown,
+          With your eyes so soft and merry,
+        Scarcely moving the long grass,
+        Field-mouse, I can see you pass.
+
+    2.  Little thing, in what dark den,
+          Lie you all the winter sleeping,
+        Till warm weather comes again?
+          Then once more I see you peeping
+        Round about the tall tree roots,
+        Nibbling at their fallen fruits.
+
+    3.  Field-mouse, field-mouse, do not go,
+          Where the farmer stacks his treasure;
+        Find the nut that falls below,
+          Eat the acorn at your pleasure;
+        But you must not eat the grain,
+        He has reared with so much pain.
+
+    4.  Make your hole where mosses spring,
+          Underneath the tall oak's shadow,
+        Pretty, quiet, harmless thing,
+          Play about the sunny meadow;
+        Keep away from corn and house,
+        None will harm you, little mouse.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE RABBIT.
+
+[Illustration: 'Oh, look at that one going into a hole.']
+
+
+    moth'-er
+    rab'-bits
+    dare'-say
+    friends
+    Sat'-ur-day
+    an'-i-mals
+    morn'-ing
+    beat'-ing
+    knock
+    fight
+    meant
+    dan'-ger
+
+1. Harry and Dora were coming home with their mother from a long walk,
+when they saw some rabbits playing about on the grass.
+
+2. They wished to stay and watch them, and the three sat down on a log a
+little way off.
+
+'Oh, look at that one going into a hole!' said Dora. 'See his funny
+tail. Why is he going into a hole?'
+
+3. 'That is his house,' said their mother. 'I daresay he is sleepy and
+wants to go to bed.'
+
+'He goes early, then, like the birds?'
+
+'Yes, about sunset. He gets up a little before sunrise.
+
+4. 'There goes another! They will soon all be gone.'
+
+'Then we can look at their houses?'
+
+'Only at their front doors. If you were to sit quite still over there in
+the day-time, you would see the rabbits popping in and out.
+
+5. 'After a time they would find out that you were their friends, and
+then you would be able to watch their doings.'
+
+6. Then mother told them more about the man who often stayed out all
+night to see what animals did. 'One morning, before it was quite light,
+he heard a tap-tap near him, and saw a rabbit beating on the ground with
+his hind-feet close to another rabbit's hole.
+
+7. 'He saw him go to another hole and tap there, and then to another.
+Some holes he passed and did not knock at all.
+
+'At last he had just begun tap-tapping in front of a hole, when out
+rushed a big rabbit. They began to fight, and they both rolled down to
+the bottom of the hill.
+
+8. 'The man often saw rabbits tapping like this. Sometimes two or three
+would come out to speak to the one that tapped, and they seemed to have
+a friendly chat.
+
+9. 'There was another sound they could make with their hind-feet. If one
+of them made it, the others would run into their holes as fast as they
+could. It meant danger.'
+
+'What was it like?' asked Dora.
+
+'_Tap-pat._'
+
+
+
+
+IVY.
+
+
+    win'-ter
+    vase
+    changed
+    sprays
+    be-tween'
+    pur'-pose
+    um-brel'-la
+    mid'-dle
+    straight
+    veins
+    flow'-er
+    thick'-er
+    thread
+    ten'-der
+    mouth
+    use'-ful
+
+1. Some sprigs of ivy had been standing all the winter in a vase. The
+water had often been changed, and the leaves washed.
+
+2. When spring came each spray began to put out buds. The buds were not
+all at the ends of the sprays, but came out also close to the old
+leaves.
+
+3. At last there was a very small bud between every old leaf and the
+stem. When the first bud opened into a leaf, Dora and Harry clapped
+their hands, and called every one to look.
+
+4. 'How clean and sweet it is!' cried Dora. 'And do you see something
+like wool or hair on it?'
+
+'How curly it is!' said Harry. 'It is not quite open yet. Why, it is
+like a hand! All the leaves look rather like hands, don't they? See;
+one, two, three, four, five!'
+
+5. 'Look at this old leaf against the light,' said the mother; 'now you
+can see the five long fingers. But people call them ribs, not fingers!
+They are for the purpose of keeping the leaf spread out.'
+
+6. 'Like the ribs of an umbrella,' said Harry. 'They seem very strong;
+the middle one, which goes up straight from the stem, is the strongest
+of all.'
+
+[Illustration: Spray of Ivy.]
+
+7. Dora was holding up one spray after another to the light. 'What are
+all these pretty marks on the leaves, mother, lines crossing about all
+ways?'
+
+'Those are veins, dear. They carry the sap that feeds the leaves.'
+
+8. 'What is sap?'
+
+'The blood of plants and trees.'
+
+'Oh,' said Dora, 'then that is the wet that comes out when I pick a
+flower or cut a leaf!
+
+9. 'But look at this!' and she held up one of the sprays.
+
+At the end of it was a little bunch of white, curly roots. Each root was
+not much thicker than a thread.
+
+10. 'Don't touch them,' said the mother; 'roots are very tender things.'
+
+'What is the good of them?' asked Dora.
+
+'What is your mouth useful for?' asked her mother.
+
+11. 'Oh, do you mean that the ivy eats and drinks?'
+
+'Yes, that is what I mean. These roots take out of the water, or out of
+the earth, all sorts of things good for the food of the plant. They then
+send them up into the stem and on into the leaves.'
+
+12. 'Mother,' said Harry, 'let us go and plant all this ivy. I am sure
+it wants to try the taste of the earth!'
+
+
+
+
+A TREE.
+
+
+    rab'-bits
+    shoots
+    ta'-ble
+    spread
+    rough
+    heard
+    birch
+    beech
+    branch'-es
+    caught
+    oak
+    found
+
+1. 'Let us go over to that log where we sat when we saw the rabbits,'
+said Dora to Harry.
+
+2. 'All right! We can play at ship, and the grass shall be the sea.'
+
+'Or we can have see-saw, if we can find some wood to lay across the
+log.'
+
+3. They were soon at the log, and on it they sat down, and looked about
+them.
+
+The log was the trunk of an old oak, and a little way off stood the
+stump, with many new shoots and leaves coming out all round it.
+
+4. Dora went and stood on it, and called out that she was on a hill. She
+jumped off and on a few times, and then said it would make a good table,
+and they might have tea on it.
+
+5. Harry found that the stump had roots that spread out all round for a
+long way.
+
+'How thick and hard they are!' he said; 'come and feel this one!'
+
+[Illustration: It is all marked in rings.]
+
+'It is not like the roots we saw on the ivy,' she said. 'Now look at the
+top of the stump. It is all marked in rings.'
+
+6. 'In the very middle there is a little light spot, and then come dark
+rings, and then more rings outside. Father once told me these rings
+showed how old the trees were. And do you see lines coming away from the
+middle?'
+
+7. 'They look like the rays of the sun, which I draw on my slate,' said
+Dora. 'What a rough coat this tree had! Come and feel the outside of the
+log.'
+
+'That is the bark! I have heard father talk about bark.'
+
+8. 'Well, I shall call it the coat. It is the tree's overcoat to keep
+him warm and dry. But trees do not all seem to have rough coats. Look at
+that one!' and she ran over to a little birch, and pulled off some of
+its thin bark.
+
+9. 'I have found a fine tree!' cried Harry; and Dora came running to
+look at it.
+
+[Illustration: Leaves of the Beech and the Oak.]
+
+10. It was a beech, with a great round smooth trunk and long strong
+branches. Harry jumped up and caught at a leaf or two, and then went to
+pick an oak-leaf. He laid them side by side on his hand and looked at
+them, and found they were not at all alike.
+
+
+
+
+BRICKS.
+
+
+    stopped
+    emp'-ty
+    mor'-tar
+    sound
+    trow'-el
+    struck
+    picked
+    size
+    teach'-er
+    re'-al-ly
+    clay
+    win'-ter
+    breaks
+    moulds
+    nice'-ly
+    ov'-en
+
+1. Two men were making a wall by the road-side, and Harry and Dora
+stopped to look at them.
+
+2. Another man was going away with a horse and cart. The cart was empty,
+but it had been full of red bricks. The men were putting these bricks on
+the wall and making them fast with mortar.
+
+3. Dora liked the sound which the trowel made when it struck against the
+wall. Harry picked up one of the bricks and looked at it, and then Dora
+must look at one too.
+
+4. They found that the bricks were light and easy to lift. They also
+saw that they were all of the same size and shape, as if they had been
+made, and not dug out of the ground.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. They did not like to ask the men about them, and so they put the
+bricks down, and set off on their way home.
+
+6. As they went they met their teacher, who stopped and spoke to them,
+so Harry asked her to tell them what bricks really were.
+
+7. 'I wish there were a brick-field near,' she said, 'and then we would
+go and see it! But I can tell you a little about it.
+
+8. 'Bricks are made of clay, and clay is dug out of the ground. Men dig
+it before winter comes, and let it lie out all the winter, and the frost
+breaks it up nicely for them.
+
+9. 'The next thing is to mix it well into a paste, and then it is put
+into moulds.'
+
+'What are moulds?' Harry asked.
+
+'Well, these moulds are like boxes with no bottom or top.'
+
+'Only sides, then?' said Dora.
+
+10. 'Yes, they have two long sides, and two short ones, and they hold
+the soft, wet clay.
+
+'You may call them clay-puddings before they are put into the hot oven.
+When they are taken out, what do you think they are? They are bricks!'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A DONKEY.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+    bot'-tom
+    lane
+    don'-key
+    load
+    fruit
+    this'-tles
+    hedge
+    rough
+    ap-ple
+    car'-rot
+    touch
+    mor'-row
+    feast
+    win'-dow
+    shag'-gy
+    tuft
+
+1. At the bottom of the lane lived a donkey. Harry and Dora knew him
+well. They often met him going to town with a load of fruit, and they
+saw him in the lane every day cropping the grass and thistles by the
+hedge-side.
+
+2. He knew them, too, for they would stop to pat his rough sides, or
+give him an apple or a carrot.
+
+3. They wondered how he could eat such prickly things as thistles. A
+horse would never touch them.
+
+4. One day his master took him into the garden while he was working. He
+let Neddy go up and down the paths and crop the grass, which had grown
+long on the little grass-plot.
+
+5. The donkey did not once try to get at the pears and apples; he did
+not even look at them.
+
+6. His master was pleased, and said to his wife: 'It is quite safe to
+leave the gate open, and let Neddy come into the garden when he likes. I
+shall be away to-morrow, but you need not look after him. He will be all
+right.'
+
+7. Next day, Neddy walked into the garden, found that no one was there,
+and began to eat the fruit. He had a good feast before his mistress saw
+him from the window.
+
+8. Then he was driven out, and the gate was shut. After that he always
+had to find his dinner in the lane.
+
+9. The children saw him one day feeding with a white horse that had
+come down from the farm, and they stopped to talk to them.
+
+10. Then Dora said to Harry:
+
+'They are like each other, and yet not like! Neddy has a shaggy coat.'
+
+'And his mane is short, and stands up.'
+
+'His ears are very long.'
+
+'His tail is not like Snowflake's tail; and, see, it has a little tuft
+at the end of it!'
+
+'And Snowflake is much taller.'
+
+
+
+
+SHEEP.
+
+
+    chalk
+    wheth'-er
+    earth
+    hedge
+    tear'-ing
+    swal'-low
+    chew'-ing
+    though
+    re-mem'-ber
+    for-got'-ten
+    brought
+    mouth
+
+1. The next time that Dora and Harry were out, they ran up to the place
+where they had met Joe. They wished to see how the chalk was getting on,
+and whether the earth was brown yet.
+
+2. After that they went over a stile into a field where many sheep were
+feeding. The sheep began to move away when they saw the boy and girl
+coming.
+
+3. Then said Harry: 'Let us try mother's plan of keeping quite still and
+letting them see that we don't want to hurt them.'
+
+4. So they sat down under a hedge and looked at the sheep for a long
+time, and soon one and another began to come near, eating away at the
+grass.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. 'I like that sound of tearing off the grass, don't you?' said Dora.
+
+'Do you see they swallow it all at once?' said Harry. 'What would
+mother say to us if we ate without chewing?'
+
+6. 'There is some chewing going on, though. Look over there!' and she
+showed him some sheep that were lying down in the grass.
+
+7. 'Oh, now I know! Don't you remember, Dora, father told us once what
+the cow does. It was that day we had tea at the farm.'
+
+8. 'No, I don't remember. We saw the cows milked, and I had some new
+milk in a glass. I don't think father told me!'
+
+9. 'Yes, he did. You must have forgotten. He said that the cow sent her
+food down into a big bag inside, and then it went into a smaller bag,
+where it was rolled up into little balls. And when the cow lay down to
+rest, she brought them up into her mouth and chewed them well.'
+
+10. 'I should think the sheep must be doing the same thing. Look at this
+fat one close by! She is just sitting down. Now watch!'
+
+'Yes, I can see her chewing! How funny it is! They all look as if they
+liked it, don't they?'
+
+
+
+
+THE SHEEP.
+
+
+    la'-zy
+    pleas'-ant
+    dai'-sies
+    clothes
+    chil'-ly
+    dew'-y
+    scant'-y
+    com'-mon
+    brown
+    mer'-ry
+    wool'-ly
+    coat
+
+    1.  'Lazy sheep, pray tell me why
+        In the pleasant fields you lie,
+        Eating grass and daisies white,
+        From the morning till the night?
+        Everything can something do;
+        Oh what kind of use are you?'
+
+    2.  'Nay, my little fellow, nay,
+        Do not serve me so, I pray:
+        Don't you see the wool that grows
+        On my back to make you clothes?
+        Cold and very cold you'd be,
+        If you had not wool from me.
+
+    3.  'True, it seems a pleasant thing,
+        To nip the daisies in the spring;
+        But many chilly nights I pass,
+        On the cold and dewy grass,
+        Or pick a scanty dinner where
+        All the common's brown and bare.
+
+    4.  'Then the farmer comes at last,
+        When the merry spring is past,
+        And cuts my woolly coat away,
+        To warm you in the winter's day.
+        Little Master, this is why
+        In the pleasant fields I lie.'
+
+
+
+
+TURNIPS.
+
+
+    white
+    ly'-ing
+    tur'-nip
+    picked
+    win'-ter
+    din'-ner
+    read'-y
+    but'-ter
+    sor'-ry
+    heard
+    peo'-ple
+    bread
+    pressed
+    meal
+    mean
+    jok'-ing
+
+1. 'What are those sheep eating over there, at the far end of the field?
+There is something white all over the grass. What can it be?'
+
+'Chalk?' Dora asked.
+
+'No, they never would be so silly! Let us go and see.'
+
+2. Up they got, and away they went. They found that the white things
+lying about on the grass were bits of turnip.
+
+Harry picked one up and looked at it. It was only a round rind: all the
+inside had been eaten out.
+
+3. He took it home with him to show to his mother, and she said:
+
+'I saw some bits like this that were shooting out green leaves when
+spring came. They had been lying out on the ground in the winter, yet
+there was so much life in them that they could grow again. But, come,
+wash your hands: dinner is ready, and I have something to tell you. We
+are going to have turnips for dinner!'
+
+[Illustration: He took it home with him to show to his mother.]
+
+4. When Harry had his helping of turnips he said:
+
+'Now I am a sheep!'
+
+'No,' said Dora, 'the sheep don't boil their turnips, or mash them with
+nice butter.'
+
+5. 'But raw turnip is very nice,' said her father. 'I have often eaten
+one out in the fields. I am not at all sorry for the sheep.'
+
+6. 'I have heard,' said mother, 'that, when corn was very dear, people
+had to use turnips in making bread. They say the bread looked good, and
+kept well. The water was first pressed out of the turnips, and then they
+were mixed with wheat-meal.'
+
+7. 'I wish you would make some, mother,' said Dora, 'just for fun, to
+see what it is like.'
+
+'I will--some day.'
+
+8. 'What did you mean, mother,' Harry asked, 'about water in turnips?'
+
+'There is a great deal of water in turnips,' said mother.
+
+9. 'Turnips are nearly all water,' said father.
+
+'Now, father, you must be joking,' cried Harry.
+
+'No, I am not. Am I, mother?'
+
+Mother smiled, and said 'No.'
+
+
+
+
+GREEN PEAS.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    peas
+    flow'-ers
+    ten'-drils
+    un-rolled'
+    watched
+    thought
+    pur'-pose
+    but'-ter-flies
+    half
+    count'-ed
+    true
+    flow'-er
+    with'-er
+    stayed
+    shin'-y
+    touched
+
+1. Dora was alone in the garden. She had played about till she was
+tired, when she found herself close to the bed of peas. She had seen her
+father sow the peas, and now there were tall plants with leaves and
+flowers and green tendrils.
+
+2. Dora unrolled one or two of these tendrils, and then watched them
+roll up again. She thought:
+
+'How funny it is of the plant to put these out on purpose to take hold
+of the sticks! And how pretty the flowers are! They look like little
+white butterflies. I will pull one open.'
+
+3. She picked a flower, and sat down with it on the grass. Inside of it
+she found something long and green. This she opened, and saw a row of
+tiny green balls.
+
+[Illustration: Pea-flower.]
+
+4. Not one of them was half as big as a pin's head. They were all in a
+row, and Dora counted seven of them.
+
+She picked out each one and laid them on her hand to look at.
+
+5. Then it came into her mind that these little mites of things must be
+baby-peas. And she felt sorry to think what she had done, for she could
+not put them back into their nest, and now they would never grow up to
+be big.
+
+6. She told Harry about it next day, and he said, yes, it was very true.
+But he must pull open just one flower himself and see the peas inside;
+and so he did. There were six peas in his flower.
+
+7. Every day after this, Dora and Harry came to look at the plants.
+
+For a long time the flowers were very pretty. Then they began to wither.
+One by one they dropped off; but the inside part of each stayed on,
+looking green and shiny.
+
+8. The children called these shiny green things bags, till they heard
+some one say that they were pods.
+
+Sometimes they touched them. They soon began to feel the peas inside.
+The pods grew larger and fatter every day.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+GREEN PEAS.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    bas'-ket
+    shell'-ing
+    bas'-in
+    taught
+    won'-der-ful
+    break'-ing
+    fair'-y
+    hap'-pens
+    weath'-er
+    earth
+    moist
+    pea
+    su'-gar
+    starch
+    earth
+    sun'-light
+
+[Illustration: Pea-pods.]
+
+1. At last, one sunny morning, mother came out with a basket and began
+to pick the pods. Harry and Dora wished to help her, and all three were
+soon at work.
+
+2. Next, the shelling began. Mother had a basin in her lap, and the two
+children sat close to her and shelled their peas into it.
+
+3. They told her how they had shelled the baby-peas. She taught them how
+each plant was a living thing, and had a tiny plant inside of it, all
+ready to come out at the right time. This was very wonderful.
+
+4. 'Did that big plant come out of one little pea?' cried Dora.
+
+'I can't see a little plant inside,' said
+
+Harry, breaking one of the peas open.
+
+5. 'Yet it is there, a fairy-plant, with a root, a stem, and two leaves.
+These leaves take up nearly all the room in the green ball. How would
+you like to have two or three of these peas to plant? There! I can spare
+you three each from to-day's dinner.'
+
+6. The children were glad to have them. 'I wish we could see them grow,'
+said Dora. 'What happens, mother, when they are in the earth?'
+
+7. 'Do you mean, How do they begin to grow? Well, the weather must be
+rather warm, and the earth moist, and the pea swells itself out till it
+bursts open its thin coat. The little root goes down to fasten it firmly
+in the ground, and to look for food. Then the little stem and the two
+leaves come up to get air and sunshine. That is how it begins.'
+
+8. 'What food is there in the ground? What food do the roots find?'
+
+'Lime and iron'----
+
+'Iron!' cried Harry.
+
+9. 'Yes, there is iron in green peas! There are sugar, too, and starch,
+and fat, and water, and other things. Some come out of the earth, some
+come out of the air and the sunlight, and some the plant makes for
+itself. Oh, it is a very clever plant! But all plants are clever, I
+think.'
+
+
+
+
+IRON AND METAL.
+
+
+    pock'-ets
+    mar'-bles
+    wrapped
+    size
+    heav'-y
+    weight
+    light'-er
+    though
+    cop'-per
+    thought
+    zinc
+    met'-als
+    sup-pose'
+    wheat
+    i'-ron
+    ket'-tle
+
+1. 'What have you in your pockets, father?' asked Harry, pulling at
+them. 'Nuts? stones? marbles?'
+
+'Put your hand in, and find out. Here, Dora, you can try the other
+pocket.'
+
+2. In went two hands, and out came little hard lumps, each wrapped in
+paper. The children laid them on the table in a row, and wanted to know
+what they were.
+
+[Illustration: 'What have you in your pockets, father?']
+
+3. They were not nuts, nor marbles, and not quite like stones. They were
+all about the same size, but one was very heavy. Harry and Dora held it
+in their hands to feel how heavy it was.
+
+4. 'That is a bit of lead,' said their father. 'Which do you think is
+the next in weight?'
+
+'This red one. It is a good deal lighter, though!'
+
+'That is called copper. Now, what comes next?'
+
+5. They were not sure, but thought that iron came next, and then tin,
+and then zinc. Their father told them these names as they went on. He
+told them also that all these things were metals, and had been dug out
+of the earth.
+
+6. 'Suppose we make a box to keep them in?'
+
+'Oh yes!' cried both.
+
+'And if we find any more things like these, we will put them in.
+
+7. 'Would you put in a buttercup?'
+
+'No, no!'
+
+'Or a grain of wheat?'
+
+'No, it is not at all like these.'
+
+'Or a bit of slate?'
+
+'I think so,' said Harry.
+
+Dora was not quite sure.
+
+8. 'Yes, we will put the slate into the box. It is not a metal, but it
+came out of the ground. Now, what do you say to this?' And he pulled out
+a lump that looked like earth and stone.
+
+9. What could this be? It was iron, just as it had come out of the
+ground, with clay and earth about it.
+
+10. 'Once upon a time,' said father, 'the kettle, and the poker, and the
+fender, all looked like this!'
+
+
+
+
+THE FAIRY RING.
+
+
+    danc'-ing
+    fair'-y
+    queen
+    sea'-sons
+    year
+    cir'-cle
+    sphere
+    sum'-mer
+    glide
+    au'-tumn
+    tress'-es
+    cheeks
+
+    1.  Let us dance and let us sing,
+        Dancing in a merry ring;
+        We'll be fairies on the green,
+        Sporting round the fairy queen.
+
+    2.  Like the seasons of the year
+        Round we circle in a sphere;
+        I'll be Summer, you'll be Spring,
+        Dancing in a fairy ring.
+
+    3.  Spring and Summer glide away,
+        Autumn comes with tresses gay;
+        Winter, hand-in-hand with Spring,
+        Dancing in a fairy ring.
+
+    4.  Faster, faster round we go,
+        While our cheeks with roses glow,
+        Free as birds upon the wing,
+        Dancing in a fairy ring.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    treat
+    hol'-i-days
+    aunt
+    nee'-dles
+    coils
+    steel
+    wire
+    wrapped
+    stretched
+    straight
+    ma-chine'
+    un'-cle
+    mid'-dle
+    chop'-ping
+    dropped
+    e-nough'
+
+1. Harry and Dora once had a great treat.
+
+They went in the holidays to stay with an uncle and aunt who lived at a
+town where needles were made. We may call it Needle-town.
+
+2. While they were there, they were taken to the mills to see the
+needles made.
+
+3. The first room into which they went was very warm. It was called the
+wire-room. A workman who was there told them that it was filled with hot
+air night and day, so that no damp should come in and spoil the steel.
+
+4. All round the room coils of steel-wire were hanging. They were
+wrapped up in paper, but the man took some of them down and let them
+look in. They saw that one coil was of very thick wire, while another
+was of wire as fine as a hair.
+
+5. 'One of these coils would be more than a mile long if it were
+stretched out straight,' the man told Harry. 'Would you like to take
+hold of this one?'
+
+But Harry found it too heavy, and it was hung up again on the wall.
+
+6. Then they went into another room, where a machine was cutting a coil
+of wire into bits.
+
+'They are much too long for needles,' said Dora, softly, to her uncle;
+but one of the workmen heard her, and said:
+
+7. 'So they are! Each bit is going to be two needles. The two ends are
+to be the points, and the heads lie in the middle of the wire.'
+
+8. But no heads were to be seen yet. And the wire was not even straight,
+for it had long been rolled up in a coil. As the machine went on
+chopping, and the wire-strips dropped, a man picked them up and put them
+on a shelf in a sort of oven.
+
+9. There they were kept till they were red-hot, and then they were soft
+enough to be made straight.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 2.
+
+[Illustration: 'Now you see the points of the needles.']
+
+
+    points
+    heads
+    eyes
+    un'-cle
+    block
+    heav'-y
+    ham'-mer
+    al-lowed'
+    laugh'-ing
+    watched
+    piece
+    sharp
+
+1. The next thing that the children saw was a grindstone turning round
+very, very fast.
+
+2. A man put the bits of wire into a thing which was fixed just over the
+grindstone, and both ends were quickly rubbed sharp.
+
+3. 'Now you see the points of the needles,' said the man, as the wire
+came out again.
+
+'But there are no heads yet!' said Harry.
+
+'And no eyes!' said Dora.
+
+'Well, come along to the stamping-room,' said their uncle.
+
+4. In this room they found a block of stone that had iron on the top of
+it. Over it hung a heavy hammer. A man who stood there took one of the
+wires, put it on the block, and made the hammer come down upon it.
+
+5. The moment the hammer went up again the wire fell into a pan, and the
+children were allowed to look at it.
+
+6. Still there were no eyes or heads! All that could be seen were two
+little dents, one on each side of the middle of the wire.
+
+7. 'But, look again!' said uncle. 'Don't you see a tiny dot in each
+dent? That is where the eye is going to be.'
+
+8. In the next room they found a great number of boys at work.
+
+'Oh, uncle,' said Harry, 'do you think I could come here and help to
+make needles?'
+
+'You would soon be tired of it,' said his uncle, laughing.
+
+9. They went up to one of the boys, and watched him for some time. He
+took some wires that had come from the stamping-room, and laid them on a
+piece of iron, but held the two ends in his hands.
+
+10. Then a heavy thing with two hard, sharp, steel points under it came
+down on the middle part of the wires, and made two holes just where the
+dots had been.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+'Now we see the eyes, at last!' cried Dora.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 3.
+
+
+    thread'-ing
+    to-geth'-er
+    tooth'-comb
+    smooth
+    rough
+    edg'-es
+    nee'-dle
+    thought
+    ov'-en
+    sec'-ond
+    steam'-ing
+    e-nough'
+    break'-ing
+    bench
+    ham'-mer
+    straight
+
+1. They went on into another room. Here there were boys again! And what
+were the boys doing? They were threading the wires together.
+
+2. When they were all strung together, they looked like a long
+tooth-comb. The heads were in the middle, and the points lay on either
+side.
+
+3. The boys took them to some of the workmen, and these men made the
+middle part quite smooth. Rough edges had been left along the tiny
+dents, and had to be rubbed down.
+
+4. When this was done, a man made a line along the middle of the 'comb,'
+and then gently bent it backwards and forwards till it broke right in
+the middle.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. Harry and Dora were glad to see this. Each bit of wire looked like a
+needle now. It had a head of its own, and an eye, and a point.
+
+6. The next thing was to make the needles hard. Dora and Harry thought
+they looked quite hard already, but they did not know.
+
+7. How were they hardened? They were first laid on iron plates and put
+into a kind of oven.
+
+'This is the second baking they have had,' said Harry.
+
+They were kept in till they were white-hot.
+
+8. When the needles came out, they were put into cold water! What a
+hissing and steaming they made! But they had to lie there till they were
+quite cool.
+
+9. Then they were taken out and dried. The man said they were hard
+enough now, but something else must be done to them to make them able to
+bend well without breaking.
+
+10. They were put on an iron plate over a fire, and gently moved about.
+Some of them curled up, and had to be taken off.
+
+11. They were given to a woman, who was sitting on a bench with a little
+hammer in her hand and a small steel block in front of her. She laid a
+curly needle on the block, and hammered it till it was straight, and
+then another, and another.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.
+
+PART 4.
+
+
+    clean'-ing
+    piece
+    can'-vas
+    soap
+    oil
+    em'-er-y
+    pow'-der
+    bun'-dle
+    man'-gle
+    a-fraid'
+    brok'-en
+    sec'-ond
+    Fri'-day
+    points
+    hun'-gry
+    laugh'-ing
+
+1. The cleaning of the needles came next.
+
+2. A great many were laid side by side on a piece of canvas, and covered
+with paste.
+
+'What is the paste made of?' Harry wanted to know.
+
+'Soft soap, my lad,' said the workman, 'and oil, and emery-powder.'
+
+3. He rolled them all up in the canvas, tied string round the bundle,
+and put it between the rollers of a thing that looked like a mangle.
+
+4. Dora and Harry opened their eyes wide. 'Think of needles being
+mangled! This will be something to tell mother!'
+
+5. When the bundle was unrolled, they were afraid that the needles would
+be broken. But they were all right, and they were taken out and washed
+in warm soap-suds.
+
+6. 'Now they must be clean!' said Dora.
+
+'Not yet,' said the man; 'they have to be rolled up again with more
+paste, and put between those rollers again, and again, and again. It
+takes eight days to clean the best needles.
+
+7. 'And it takes six days to clean the second-best,' said the man.
+
+'Then even the second-best won't be done till Friday!' said Harry.
+
+8. 'But we can go and see some needles that have been cleaned,' said his
+uncle. 'Let us go up-stairs again.'
+
+9. And they went up into a room where many girls were sitting at a long
+table with heaps of bright needles before them. They were putting them
+in order, side by side, heads all one way, points another.
+
+Dora was sure that she could not pick them out so quickly.
+
+10. They were going on into another room to see the eyes of the needles
+made smooth, when Dora said, 'Oh, uncle, I am so tired!'
+
+'So am I,' said Harry, 'and hungry, too.'
+
+11. 'Come along, then,' said uncle, laughing. 'We all want our dinners,
+I think.' He took Dora's hand in his, and away they went.
+
+
+
+
+THE KNIFE.
+
+
+    ro'-ley
+    po'-ley
+    thought
+    morn'-ing
+    knife
+    least
+    blade
+    han'-dle
+    aunt'-ie
+    edg'-es
+    rath'-er
+    clock
+
+1. There was not much talking at dinner, till after the second helping
+of roley-poley.
+
+2. Then Dora and Harry felt happy again, and began to tell their aunt
+all about the needle-making. She had seen it once, but it was a long
+time ago, and she thought she should like to see it again.
+
+3. 'But if I had gone this morning,' she said, 'you would not have had
+your pudding.'
+
+'That would have been sad,' said Dora.
+
+4. 'What a lot of steel we have seen,' said Harry. 'I never knew there
+was so much in the world.'
+
+5. 'You can see some on this table now.'
+
+'Where?'
+
+'What have I cut the pudding with?'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+'Oh, the knife! Yes, I see; that must be steel; at least, that part of
+it. What do you call that part?'
+
+'The blade.'
+
+6. 'And what about the handle?'
+
+'I don't know. It is yellow, and smooth, and hard.'
+
+'It is bone,' said his uncle, 'part of an ox-bone. But some handles are
+made of wood.'
+
+7. 'May I look at that knife near you, auntie? I mean the clean one.
+Thank you!'
+
+8. Then Dora wanted one to look at too; and they felt the edges softly
+and found them very sharp. They looked at the blunt backs of the blades,
+and then tried to read the maker's name.
+
+9. 'There is no room to put the maker's name on a needle,' said Harry.
+'But how do they get it on here?'
+
+'It is stamped on when the blade is red-hot and rather soft.'
+
+10. They could not make out how the handle was put on, so their aunt
+went to the knife-box and got out an old knife that had lost its handle.
+They saw that the blade had a long thin piece of iron at the end of it.
+
+11. 'A long hole is made inside the handle, and this iron thing is put
+into it, and made fast.'
+
+So their uncle said, and then looked at the clock and saw that it was
+time for him to go.
+
+
+
+
+THE HEN.
+
+[Illustration: Setting out for the Farm.]
+
+
+    bas'-ket
+    fetch
+    friends
+    fowls
+    watch
+    thought
+    charge
+    pair
+    ban'-tams
+    know
+    proud
+    peck'-ing
+    greed'-y
+    gray
+    swal'-lowed
+    laughed
+
+1. The day after Dora and Harry came home, their mother gave them a
+basket and sent them up to the farm to fetch eggs.
+
+2. Rover went with them, and all three were glad to go, for they had
+many friends at the farm.
+
+3. There was the great dog, Watch, and there were the cart-horses and
+the pony, the ducks and the fowls. And there were five girls and
+boys--Mary, Tom, Johnny, Annie, and Kate.
+
+4. When these five, and Watch, saw Harry, Dora, and Rover coming, they
+ran down the lane to meet them. They were soon all in the farm-yard,
+talking as fast as they could talk.
+
+5. Two had to tell about their visit to Needle-town, and five about the
+doings at the farm, so it was some time before the eggs were thought of.
+
+6. Mary had charge of the eggs, and went every morning to look for new
+ones.
+
+'Since you went away,' she said, 'I have had a pair of bantams given me,
+for my very own. Here they are!'
+
+'What little things! and how very pretty!' cried Dora. 'Do they know
+you, Mary?'
+
+7. 'Yes; I feed them every day. Here comes the big black hen. She has
+been laying an egg. See how proud she is! She calls out in that way to
+let the rest know what she has done.'
+
+8. 'Now she is pecking about for food,' said Harry.
+
+Tom said that fowls were always eating.
+
+'They are greedy things,' said Kate.
+
+9. 'Oh, look at this gray hen!' said Harry, 'she picked up a bit of
+stone just now and ate it! Does she know no better?'
+
+10. 'It is not for food,' Mary told him; 'she takes it to grind up the
+hard seeds she has swallowed. They all go into a strong little bag, and
+the stones rub and press on the seeds.'
+
+11. 'I never heard of such a thing! She keeps a mill inside to grind her
+food!'
+
+12. The others laughed, and then Mary went in to get some eggs. After
+the basket was filled, the two children said good-bye to their friends,
+and went home.
+
+
+
+
+THE SPARROW.
+
+
+    shoots
+    spar'-rows
+    steal
+    fruit
+    thou'-sand
+    ba'-bies
+    build
+    spoil
+    beaks
+    ap'-ple
+    blos'-som
+    fruit
+    clean
+    thirst'-y
+    wheat
+    throw
+
+1. 'Mother,' cried Harry, running in one day, 'Jack Denny says he shoots
+sparrows!'
+
+'I am very sorry to hear it. Why does he shoot them?'
+
+'"They steal fruit and corn," he says. He wanted me to throw stones at
+them!'
+
+2. 'Well, you can tell him about some silly men who killed the sparrows
+and other birds, and the next year their fruit and corn were eaten up by
+grubs. Even the leaves on the trees were eaten.'
+
+3. 'Is this true?'
+
+'Quite true. They had to send for little birds from other places to live
+in their fields and gardens. Do you know that a sparrow kills four
+thousand grubs in one day when her babies are in the nest?
+
+4. 'One wise man who grows fruit says that his best friends are the
+sparrows, and he makes holes in the garden-walls for them to build in.
+Their sharp eyes see the tiny things that would spoil the fruit, and
+their sharp beaks nip them up at once.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+5. 'He loves to see sparrows in an apple-tree in blossom-time; he knows
+they are saving the apples for him.'
+
+'But Jack says he has seen them pecking at fruit.'
+
+6. 'Yes, they like fruit, just as you and I do. But there would be no
+fruit at all, if the birds did not eat the grubs.
+
+7. 'The man I was telling you about puts nets over his trees when the
+fruit begins to ripen. And I heard only the other day that it is a good
+plan to put pans of clean fresh water close to the trees and bushes.
+Then the birds will not go so often to the fruit. They are thirsty and
+hot, poor things!
+
+8. 'And there would be no corn, if the birds did not kill the
+wheat-fly's grubs.'
+
+9. When Harry heard all this, he made up his mind not to throw stones at
+the sparrows, as Jack wanted him to do.
+
+
+
+
+A DAY IN THE COUNTRY.
+
+
+    but'-ter-flies
+    mer'-ry
+    gath'-ered
+    broth'-er
+    flow'-ers
+    o-bliged'
+    roamed
+    scoured
+    pleas'-ant
+    cheese
+    hedge
+    ease
+    brook'-let
+    crys'-tal
+    thrush
+    mus'-ic
+
+    1.  Where the bees and butterflies
+          Skim the grassy down,
+        Four merry little children
+          Gathered from the town;
+
+    2.  Ragged little Johnnie,
+          And his brother Ben,
+        With wild-flowers are laden,
+          These merry little men.
+        Kate and Mat have posies
+          Of colours bright and gay,
+        For Tim, their tiny brother,
+          At home obliged to stay.
+
+    3.  They have roamed the meadow,
+          They have scoured the wood,
+        Seeking nuts and blackberries,
+          For their pleasant food.
+        With their nuts and blackberries
+          And bits of bread and cheese,
+        On a mossy hedge-bank,
+          Now they take their ease.
+
+    4.  Drinking from the brooklet
+          'Neath the hawthorn tree,
+        Clear it runs as crystal,
+          Fresh and bright and free.
+        And the thrush sings loudly
+          On the hawthorn spray,
+        And the brooklet ever
+          Makes music on its way.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+SOME HERBS.
+
+
+    stream
+    through
+    grav'-el
+    mar'-ket
+    tea
+    lett'-uce
+    tongue
+    mus'-tard
+    pow'-der
+    sprin'-kled
+    flan'-nel
+    car'-ried
+    pars'-ley
+    thyme
+    herbs
+    sage
+
+1. A little stream ran through one of the farmer's fields. The water was
+so clear that you could see the sand and gravel at the bottom, and in it
+there grew plenty of water-cress.
+
+[Illustration: Water-cress.]
+
+2. Harry went one afternoon to help Johnny and Tom to pick it for
+market, and brought a big bunch home for tea.
+
+3. His mother had picked a lettuce from the garden, and some mustard and
+cress, and they were all put on one plate.
+
+'They bite my tongue,' said Dora, 'all but the lettuce. I like it best.'
+
+4. 'And I like the biting,' said Harry. 'Why is this called mustard,
+mother?'
+
+'Because the yellow mustard comes from it. The seeds are ground to
+powder.'
+
+'And we eat the leaves. It is a useful plant.'
+
+[Illustration: Lettuce.]
+
+5. After tea, mother took some cress-seed and mustard-seed out of two
+little packets. Then she cut up one or two corks, put them into a deep
+plate, filled it with water, and sprinkled seed on the cork.
+
+6. 'This is for you, Harry,' she said. 'You will soon have a little crop
+of mustard and cress. And here is one for Dora!'
+
+In Dora's plate she laid a bit of flannel, poured water on it, and sowed
+seed. The children carried off their plates to a safe place, and thought
+it would be fine fun to see roots and leaves come out of the tiny seeds.
+
+7. Then mother called them into the garden to see her parsley. She told
+them that hares and rabbits would come a long way to feed on a
+parsley-bed if they could get at it.
+
+8. Close by grew mint, sage, and thyme. 'All these are herbs,' she said.
+'They are not like trees, are they?'
+
+'No; they have no bark, no hard wood, and they are so small.'
+
+[Illustration: Leaves of Mint, Parsley, Thyme, and Sage.]
+
+9. Dora picked a mint-leaf, a parsley-leaf, a thyme-leaf, and a
+sage-leaf, and laid them side by side. She wanted to see if they were
+like each other. But when she looked at them she found that they were
+not alike.
+
+
+
+
+COFFEE.
+
+
+    cof'-fee
+    beans
+    kneel'-ing
+    chair
+    win'-dow
+    bus'-y
+    stock'-ings
+    ket'-tle
+    rat'-tled
+    coun'-try
+    cher'-ry
+    to-geth'-er
+    blos'-som
+    cov'-ered
+    cloths
+    ber'-ries
+
+1. 'What is coffee, mother dear? Does it grow?'
+
+2. It was Dora who asked this. She and Harry were putting away some
+things that had come from the shop, and she was now filling a tin with
+coffee-beans.
+
+3. She was kneeling on a chair by the table in the window. Her mother
+was busy mending stockings, and the cat and the dog were both asleep.
+The kettle was singing, and all was cosy.
+
+4. The coffee-beans rattled into the tin, and Dora picked one out and
+looked at it.
+
+When Harry heard Dora asking about it, he also put his hand in and took
+a coffee-bean. It smelt very nice, he thought. So did Dora.
+
+5. They found that it had a flat side and a round side.
+
+'It humps up,' said Dora.
+
+'See, I can put the flat side of mine against the flat side of yours,'
+said Harry.
+
+'They grew like that,' said mother.
+
+'Oh, then, they did grow? They were alive once?'
+
+[Illustration: Coffee branch with Berries.]
+
+6. 'Yes; they were seeds of a plant that grows in a warm country, far
+away from here. They once lived inside a berry.
+
+'The berry was red like a cherry, and the seeds inside were held
+together in a little bag.'
+
+7. 'There must have been a flower before the berry came,' said Harry,
+thinking of the pea-flower and its pod.
+
+[Illustration: Coffee-flower.]
+
+[Illustration: Berry.]
+
+[Illustration: Seeds in Berry.]
+
+'A very pretty white flower,' said his mother. 'They say that a
+coffee-garden looks lovely in blossom-time, just as if it were all
+covered with snow.
+
+8. 'In two or three days the snow-like blossoms are gone, and the fruit
+is left. When it is ripe, men put cloths under the trees, and shake it
+down.'
+
+9. 'I wish I could go and help!' said Harry. 'What comes next?'
+
+'They pick up the berries, dry them in the sun, and get the beans out.
+Then they send the beans over the sea in a ship. And here they are!'
+
+[Illustration: Dora and Harry tearing up the old papers.]
+
+
+
+
+PAPER.
+
+
+    un-hap'-py
+    should
+    tea
+    heels
+    per-haps'
+    clean
+    school
+    clean'-ing
+    hearth
+    laugh
+    jok'-ing
+    in-deed'
+    tear
+    boil
+    through
+    clev'-er
+
+1. 'It is such a wet day, I don't know what to do!' said Harry, looking
+very unhappy.
+
+2. 'Are you tired of your drawing and painting?' asked his mother.
+
+'Oh yes! And we have played at houses, and had the bricks out on the
+floor, and now there is nothing to do, and it is not nearly tea-time
+yet. Will you read to us, mother?'
+
+3. 'Not just now. But if you would help me a little I should get on
+faster, and then we might have a nice time before tea.'
+
+'Jolly!' cried Harry; and he ran to the foot of the stairs and called
+Dora.
+
+4. Down came Dora very fast, with her doll in her arms, and the dog at
+her heels.
+
+5. 'What I want you to do,' said mother, 'is to tear up these old papers
+and put them into this sack. The man is coming soon to take it to the
+paper-mill.'
+
+6. 'Why is it taken to the paper-mill?' asked Harry.
+
+'To be made over again into paper. Perhaps it will come back to us some
+day, all clean.
+
+7. 'Or it may be made into a newspaper, and father may bring it home in
+his pocket.'
+
+'Or we may get it in copy-books at school.'
+
+'Yes; or it may come from the shop with rice in it.'
+
+8. 'It may never come at all,' said Dora. 'Perhaps it will go to some
+other house.'
+
+'That is quite likely,' said mother, who was now cleaning the hearth.
+
+9. They went on putting the paper into the sack for a long time, and
+then Harry asked:
+
+'How was paper made before there was old paper to make it of?'
+
+10. 'Oh, it is not made of paper only. It is made of old rags, old
+ropes'----
+
+Harry and Dora began to laugh.
+
+'And straw, and wood, and a kind of grass'----
+
+'Now, are you joking, mother?'
+
+11. 'No, indeed! They cut the wood and straw into tiny bits, and they
+cut and tear the rags and boil them.'
+
+'And what do they do with the grass?'
+
+'They cut it up, boil it, and mix clay with it. Then it is put through a
+very clever machine, which makes it into paper.'
+
+
+
+
+A FLY.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+    spilt
+    won'-der
+    e-nough'
+    fel'-low
+    thirst'-y
+    mouth
+    su'-gar
+    teeth
+    ceil'-ing
+    ei'-ther
+    win'-dow
+    pane
+    won'-der-ful
+    straight
+    count'-ed
+    friend
+
+1. 'Just look here, Harry!' Dora called out.
+
+A little milk had been spilt on the table, and two flies had found it
+out.
+
+'We won't wipe it up! Let us wait and see if they can take it all. See,
+it is getting less! I wonder how they do it.'
+
+2. 'There! one fly has gone. He has had enough. But this old fellow is
+very thirsty. He does not look as if he were drinking, and yet the milk
+goes. That long thing must be his mouth. Is it, mother?'
+
+[Illustration: Enlarged view of Head of Fly showing Trunk.]
+
+3. 'It is called his trunk. The mouth is at the end of it. He is very
+clever with it. Do you know that he never eats? He only drinks.'
+
+4. 'But I have seen him eating sugar.'
+
+'No; I don't think you have. He has no teeth and no jaws. He can't bite
+anything. What he does is to wet the sugar with his mouth and melt it,
+and then suck it up.'
+
+5. 'Well, that is clever! I wonder how he found out how to do it. And I
+know something else that he is clever at.'
+
+6. 'What is it, Harry?' asked Dora.
+
+'Something you can't do! He can walk on the ceiling.'
+
+'You can't do it either,' said Dora.
+
+'How does he hold on, mother? We can see one up there now! He walks
+about as if he were on the table.'
+
+[Illustration: Enlarged view of Fly's Foot.]
+
+7. 'He has something like gum inside his feet, and, when he wants to
+stand or walk upside down, he presses this out, and it helps him to
+stick on. Here is another fly walking up the window-pane.'
+
+'I have often seen flies on the window-pane.'
+
+8. 'How wonderful it is! The glass, you see, is smooth and hard, and it
+stands straight up. We could not go up a hill like that, could we?'
+
+9. They watched him go up and down, counted his six legs, and saw that
+his wings were very pretty. Their mother told them a very strange thing,
+that his eyes could see all ways at once!
+
+10. Then they had to say good-bye to him, for out he went into the
+garden. When they turned to the table, they found that their other
+friend had gone too--and so had the milk.
+
+
+
+
+THE WASP.
+
+
+    wasp
+    bus'-y
+    win'-ter
+    ground
+    pass'-age
+    loose
+    per-haps'
+    fence
+    pow'-der
+    spread
+    brown
+    comb
+    pil'-lars
+    cell
+    hatched
+    crawl'-ing
+
+1. There was a great stir at dinner one day. A wasp came in, begging for
+sugar and plum-tart. Harry and Dora ran this way and that.
+
+2. At last their father got the wasp out into the garden, and, when all
+was quiet again, he asked if they would like to hear its story.
+
+'Oh yes, father!' said Dora.
+
+3. Harry was busy with his plums, but he nodded, as much as to say, 'I
+shall be glad to hear it too!'
+
+4. So the father began:
+
+'All last winter the wasp was asleep, but when spring came she waked up
+and set out to look for a home. I am not quite sure where she found it,
+but it was in the ground, I think.
+
+5. 'She began to dig in the soft earth, and she dug on till she had made
+a long passage. She had to carry out all the loose earth herself. Then
+she made a little room at the end of the passage.
+
+6. 'Next she looked about for some old wood, and found it in a tree,
+perhaps, or post, or bit of fence. She rubbed away at it with her jaws
+till she got some of it off in powder.
+
+7. 'She made this powder into a paste with a sort of gum which came out
+of her mouth, and off she went with it to her room.'
+
+8. 'What did she do with it?'
+
+'She spread it out in sheets of thin brown paper, and with these she
+made a comb like a bee's.'
+
+[Illustration: Wasp's Nest.]
+
+'She made paper of it.'
+
+'Only a bee's is made of wax. I know that!' said Harry.
+
+9. 'She put many layers of paper on the top to keep the rain out, and
+pillars under it to hold it up. Then she laid an egg in each cell. When
+the eggs were hatched'----
+
+'Little wasps came flying out,' said Dora.
+
+'No; little grubs came crawling out!
+
+10. 'The wasp was now more busy than ever. She fed each baby in turn,
+and as they all grew bigger she had to get more and more food for them.'
+
+
+
+
+THE SUNFLOWER
+
+
+    blue
+    buzz'-ing
+    set'-tled
+    watched
+    sun'-flow-er
+    course
+    warmth
+    in-stead'
+    star'-ing
+    spar-row
+    stopped
+    crowd
+    cush'-ion
+    mid'-dle
+    gar'-den
+    know
+
+1. It was very hot, the sky was blue, and the air was full of the
+humming and buzzing of bees and flies. A white butterfly flitted by, but
+soon went away over the garden-wall.
+
+2. Bee after bee, and fly after fly, settled on the sunflowers and
+hunted for honey. Dora and Harry watched for a long time.
+
+3. 'The sunflower is like a little sun,' said Dora.
+
+'And it loves the sun,' said her mother, who was snipping off dead roses
+close by; 'it always turns to look at it. See, its face is towards the
+sun now. And if you look again before sunset you will find the flower
+turned to it still.'
+
+4. 'How strange!' said Dora.
+
+[Illustration: Sunflower.]
+
+'And it has such a strong stalk,' said Harry. 'You would not think that
+it could turn round. It must be alive!'
+
+'Of course it is alive!'
+
+'But, I mean, it must feel, or why should it turn and turn to get the
+light and warmth?'
+
+5. 'How ragged all the stalks and leaves are!' said Dora. 'I wish they
+would make themselves tidy instead of always staring at the sun. Why are
+there so many holes in the leaves?'
+
+6. 'Grubs have been eating them. Our friend Mr Sparrow must have been
+away lately!'
+
+7. Here mother stopped snipping at her rose-trees, and came up to one of
+the sunflowers.
+
+8. 'There is something I want you to see,' she said. 'You think this is
+one big flower, but it is really a crowd of little flowers. Look! Can
+you think of another flower that is something like it?'
+
+9. Harry and Dora shook their heads.
+
+'It is very small,' mother went on, 'with a cushion in the middle like
+this, and rays standing out all round like these.'
+
+10. 'Does it grow on a tree?'
+
+'No.'
+
+'In this garden?'
+
+'No.'
+
+'In the fields?'
+
+'Yes.'
+
+'Oh, I know!' cried Harry. 'It is the daisy.'
+
+
+
+
+MERRY WORKERS.
+
+
+    wheels
+    bus'-y
+    i'-dle
+    brook'-lets
+    ripp'-ling
+    sky'-lark
+    lis'-ten
+    hon'-ey
+    mer'-ri-ly
+    hum'-ming
+    e-nough'
+    wea'-ry
+
+    1.  Tell me what the mill-wheels say,
+        Always turning night and day;
+        When we sleep and when we wake,
+        What a busy sound they make!
+        Never idle, never still,
+        What a worker is the mill!
+
+    2.  What is it that the brooklets say,
+        Rippling onward day by day?
+        Sweet as skylark on the wing,
+        Ripple, ripple--thus they sing.
+        Never idle, never still,
+        Always working with a will!
+
+    3.  Listen to the honey-bee,
+        Flying now so merrily
+        Here and there with busy hum--
+        Humming, drumming, drumming, drum.
+        Never idle, never still,
+        Humming, drumming--hum it will!
+
+    4.  Like the mill, the brook, the bee,
+        May it now be said of me
+        That I'm always busy too,
+        For there's work enough to do.
+        If I work, then, with a will,
+        It will be but playing still;
+        Ever merry, never weary,
+        It will be but playing still.
+
+
+
+
+THE ROSE.
+
+
+    bas'-ket
+    wo'-man
+    vil'-lage
+    sweet'-ly
+    cab'-bage
+    be-cause'
+    stooped
+    smile
+    thorns
+    yel'-low
+    a-greed'
+    win'-ter
+
+1. Mother went back to her roses, and soon called for a little basket,
+saying that Dora and Harry should take a few to an old woman who lived
+in the village.
+
+2. 'Poor granny,' she said, 'is so fond of roses, and she can never get
+out now to see them. Which shall we pick for her?'
+
+3. 'Some of these white ones,' said Dora.
+
+'I think she would like these red ones,' said Harry, 'they smell so
+sweetly.'
+
+4. Mother cut one or two of each, and then a moss-rose, which looked as
+if it had moss growing round it, and then a pink cabbage-rose.
+
+5. 'What has it to do with cabbage?' asked Harry.
+
+'It is only called cabbage because it is so big and round.'
+
+6. 'I like it the best of all,' said Dora, and stooped to smell it,
+putting her nose far down into the sweet, deep cup: 'it is such a nice
+rose!'
+
+[Illustration: Wild Rose.]
+
+[Illustration: Garden Rose.]
+
+7. 'Yes, I am very fond of it, and of all roses,' said mother, looking
+at her bushes with a smile, 'but I almost think I like the wild ones
+best. Do you know that the wild rose is the mother of all these? Once
+upon a time all roses were wild.'
+
+8. Harry and Dora did not think that wild roses were very like garden
+roses. 'But they both have thorns,' they said.
+
+9. 'Look at them as you go along. There are some bushes not far from the
+bottom of the lane, after you turn round to go to the village. I don't
+think you will find many roses left, but you will see their fruit. They
+are the birds' fruit-trees.'
+
+10. 'What can mother mean?' they asked as they went along.
+
+But they soon found out. The bushes were covered with hips; some green,
+others yellow, one or two quite red.
+
+11. They agreed to leave them for the birds. Dora said 'They would be
+sure to want them in the winter.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+WOOD.
+
+[Illustration: Making the Doll's House.]
+
+
+    min'-er-al
+    cop'-per
+    zinc
+    chalk
+    gummed
+    climbed
+    knees
+    eve'-nings
+    tools
+    dead
+    thought
+    oak
+    beech
+    birch
+    wil'-low
+    build'-ing
+
+1. The little mineral box was made, and Harry and Dora put in the lumps
+of lead, iron, copper, tin, zinc, chalk, and slate. Father wrote the
+names on tiny slips of paper and gummed them on.
+
+2. Then he said that he was going to make Dora a doll's house. On
+hearing this, Dora first jumped about for joy, and then climbed up on
+her father's knees to kiss and hug him.
+
+3. The doll's house was not made all at once. It had to be done bit by
+bit in the evenings after father had come home from work and had his
+tea.
+
+4. Dora and Harry always helped him, or stood by and talked, played with
+bits of wood, and turned over the tools in the box.
+
+5. They said that saw-dust should be called wood-dust; and they found
+out that wood was called tree when it was alive, and tree was called
+wood when it was dead. They thought this very funny.
+
+6. They also learned that there were as many kinds of wood as there were
+trees.
+
+'Some wood is hard,' said their father, 'some is half-hard, and some is
+soft.'
+
+'Soft wood!' cried Dora.
+
+7. 'Well, not soft like butter! But softer than oak, beech, birch, and
+elm'----
+
+'The trunk of an oak-tree is lying where the rabbits live,' said Harry,
+in a great hurry. 'We often play on it. I know that it is hard. What
+sort of wood are you making the doll's house of?'
+
+8. 'Soft wood. It is a bit of pine. So is the box that holds the
+minerals. I should find it hard work to cut oak.
+
+'Now, there is one kind of wood so soft that you can bend it. It is
+called willow, and baskets are made of it.
+
+'But oak was once used in building the great strong ships.'
+
+
+
+
+COAL.
+
+PART 1.
+
+
+    win'-dow
+    shov'-el
+    spade
+    coal
+    tum'-bled
+    con-tent'
+    won'-der-ing
+    earth
+    cage
+    stretch'-ing
+    en'-gine
+    doz'-en
+
+1. 'Here comes the coal,' said Harry, looking out of the window.
+'Mother, may we help Jim to get it in? I can have the big shovel, and
+Dora the little one. I should like to see the cart upset! What fun it
+will be!'
+
+2. Crash came the coal on the ground. Then the coal-man drew his horse
+and cart away, and set to work with a spade to fill the little
+coal-place.
+
+3. The dog jumped, and got in every one's way. He wanted to help, too,
+but did not know how. Dora tumbled over the heap and bumped her head, so
+she thought she would be content with watching Jim and Harry. But Harry
+was soon tired, and Jim was left to go on alone.
+
+4. 'Where does coal come from, Jim?' he asked.
+
+'Out of the ground, my lad.'
+
+'Does it? Do you dig for it?'
+
+'I don't. But I know somebody who does.'
+
+5. 'If I were to dig for it, should I find any, Jim?'
+
+'Not you! Why, you have to go down ever such a long way before you can
+even begin to dig.'
+
+6. 'How do you get down?'
+
+'You go down in a thing they call a cage. You can't walk down, you know.
+It is like going down a deep pit. They call it a mine.'
+
+7. 'Oh, I have heard of coal-mines!'
+
+Dora was taking up one little lump of coal after another, and wondering
+why it was so shiny if it had really come out of the earth.
+
+8. Harry went on. 'How do they let the cage down? Have you ever been
+down?'
+
+[Illustration: Coal-miners going down to work.]
+
+'I have been down once,' said Jim, stopping in his work and stretching
+himself. 'This is the way. There is an engine at the top of the
+shaft'----
+
+'What is the shaft?'
+
+9. 'The pit I told you about. The engine is fixed there and it lets
+down the cage and pulls it up again. Half-a-dozen men or so can go in it
+at a time.'
+
+'It must be very strong.'
+
+10. 'Yes, it is, and it has strong chains to hold it. It goes up and
+down all day long, bringing up the coal.'
+
+
+
+
+COAL.
+
+PART 2.
+
+
+    re'-al-ly
+    eas'-i-ly
+    slic'-es
+    straight
+    knife
+    be-tween'
+    met'-al
+    fetched
+    pic'-tures
+    an'-i-mal
+    whole
+    for'-ests
+    thou'-sands
+    piec'-es
+    to-geth'-er
+    puz'-zles
+
+1. Next day the children asked their mother to tell them what coal
+really was. Harry did not think it was a stone, because he had broken
+two or three lumps with a hammer. He found that it broke much more
+easily than stone.
+
+2. Besides, it did not fly all into sharp bits, but came off in slices;
+and he saw that it had straight lines along it. When he poked his knife
+in between these lines, he could take off a slice of coal at once!
+
+3. Dora did not think it was a metal, because she had learnt that iron
+would melt in a fire and flow like water. 'Coal does not melt,' she
+said, 'every one knows that!'
+
+4. She took a small lump out of the coal-box, and Harry did the same.
+Mother then fetched some pictures, and one or two other things, and the
+talk began.
+
+5. 'It is no wonder that you can't guess what coal is! It does not look
+at all like what it was at first. It was not always in the ground; it
+used to live on the top and get the air and sunshine.'
+
+6. 'It must have been alive,' said Harry. 'Was it an animal?'
+
+'No.'
+
+'Then it was a plant!' cried Dora.
+
+7. 'Well, it is all that is left of many plants and trees, whole forests
+of plants and trees, that grew long, long ago.'
+
+'Before you were born, mother?'
+
+8. 'Yes, long before that! It was hundreds and thousands of years ago.
+It was so far back that the trees were not like the trees we have now.
+Many of them were big ferns. Think of a fern grown up to be a tree! And
+many were great horse-tails. You know what a horse-tail is?'
+
+9. 'Oh yes,' said Dora, 'we find them in the ditch down the lane. It is
+such fun pulling them to pieces and putting them together again--like
+puzzles!'
+
+[Illustration: Horse-tail.]
+
+10. 'Those trees must have been very strange,' said Harry. 'They would
+not be nice to climb. But there were no boys in those days, so it did
+not matter.'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+FIRE.
+
+
+    min'-er-al
+    coal
+    fen'-der
+    prop'-er
+    walk'-ing
+    laugh'-ing
+    grate
+    cru'-el
+    Lon'-don
+    smoke
+    al-read'-y
+    flame
+    blaze
+    beast
+    cage
+    pic'-tures
+
+1. 'Don't you think,' said Harry, 'that a bit of coal would be a good
+thing for our mineral box?'
+
+2. 'I do,' said his father. 'Get a little lump, and put it in. And, by
+the way, we want more coal on the fire. I must get some.'
+
+3. 'How nice a fire is on a cold day!' said Dora, sitting down on the
+fender, to be as near to it as she could.
+
+'Very nice,' said her mother, 'in its proper place--in the grate.'
+
+4. 'Ah, we should not like it to come walking about the room!' said
+Harry, laughing. 'There would soon be no room'----
+
+'And no house!' said Dora, shaking her head. 'And then what should we
+do?'
+
+5. Father came back with the coal, and put some into the grate, saying:
+
+'Fire is a good servant but a bad master. If it gets its own way it is a
+cruel thing. It would burn a town down. It once burned big London.'
+
+6. Harry was looking at one of the lumps that had been put on the fire.
+Smoke was coming out of it already. A flame burst out in front, and soon
+the whole lump was in a blaze.
+
+7. 'It seems such a pity that it should all be burned up,' said Harry,
+'when it took so long to make.'
+
+'That is the way of fire,' said father, 'it eats up everything, and when
+it has nothing more to feed on it comes to an end--it goes out, we say.'
+
+8. 'We don't want it to go out, and so we keep on feeding it,' said
+mother. 'It is like a wild beast in a cage.'
+
+'Now look at the coal!' said father.
+
+9. By this time the lumps were red and very hot. The children went down
+on their knees to look for pictures in the fire. They soon saw what
+looked like men and dogs, rocks, hills, and trees, and at last a great
+cat with red-hot eyes and a very curly tail.
+
+
+
+
+OBJECT LESSONS.
+
+
+
+
+THE CAT.                      [_Page 7._
+
+
+1. The cat lives in and about our homes; so we call it a domestic
+animal.
+
+2. It belongs to the same tribe of animals as the lion and tiger. They
+are savage--puss is tame. Like them, it is a beast of prey--that is, it
+catches and eats other animals. They cannot hear it coming with its
+soft, padded feet.
+
+3. The cat leaps upon its prey. It sticks its strong, sharp claws into a
+mouse, and soon kills it with its sharp teeth.
+
+4. Puss is covered with fur; she has five claws on each fore-paw, and
+four on each hind one. She draws them into little sheaths when not
+angry.
+
+5. With its rough tongue the cat can lap up milk, and also clean its
+fur. It likes to be clean. It opens its eyes wider in the dark, and can
+see to run about at night. On each side of its head are long whiskers,
+with which it feels its way.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Cats have--
+    Padded feet.
+    Sharp claws and teeth.
+    Rough tongues.
+    Good sight at night.
+
+Cats like--
+    Milk.
+    Meat.
+    Mice and rats.
+    Birds and fish.
+
+Cats are--
+    Domestic.
+    Tame.
+    Useful.
+    Cleanly.
+
+
+
+
+THE DOG.                      [_Page 12._
+
+
+1. The dog is larger and more active than the cat. It is also of more
+use to man, for it guards the house, minds the sheep, and will not allow
+any one to harm its master.
+
+2. There are many kinds of dogs. All are of some use--from the large
+Newfoundland dog to the little fox-terrier.
+
+3. Dogs are like cats in some things. They have padded feet and strong
+claws. But their claws are blunt. They cannot draw them into sheaths as
+puss does; so they make more noise in walking.
+
+4. The dog is also a beast of prey. But it is not so fierce as the wolf
+or the fox, which belong to the same tribe of animals. It likes meat and
+bones, but will also eat bread and vegetables. Its teeth are very strong
+and sharp.
+
+5. Most dogs have keen scent, pointed noses, and quick sight.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Dogs have--
+    Blunt claws.
+    Sharp, strong teeth.
+    Keen scent.
+    Quick sight.
+
+Dogs--
+    Bark.
+    Watch.
+    Jump.
+    Hunt.
+
+Dogs are--
+    Useful.
+    Faithful.
+    Friendly.
+    Wise.
+
+
+
+
+BUTTERCUPS.                   [_Page 15._
+
+
+1. Buttercups grow wild. They are of a golden yellow colour. Each flower
+has five yellow leaves growing out from the middle of five smaller green
+ones.
+
+2. The flowers are something like a cup in shape, with a little tuft of
+grass-like threads standing in each one. In the green ball in the middle
+there are tiny seeds from which other buttercups will grow if they fall
+into the ground.
+
+3. Buttercups come in spring. They grow on taller stems than daisies.
+They have no nice scent such as violets or roses have.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Buttercups--
+    Grow wild.
+    Come in spring.
+
+Buttercups have--
+    Five yellow leaves.
+    Five green ones.
+
+Buttercups are--
+    Pretty and shiny.
+    Eaten by cattle.
+
+
+
+
+WHEAT.                        [_Page 20._
+
+
+1. Wheat is a plant of the _grass_ kind, but grows higher than common
+grass. It is grown from seed, which is grains of wheat kept until hard
+and dry.
+
+2. Ruts are made in the soil by a plough, and into these the seed is
+cast. Then the soil is covered over them by a harrow, drawn by a horse.
+
+3. Rain and warm sunshine help the grains to grow. They grow into tall,
+jointed stems, and soon the ears of wheat appear. They are green at
+first, but the sun ripens them and turns them yellow.
+
+4. Then the wheat is cut, and the new grains are threshed out from the
+husks which are called chaff. The tall stems make straw. The grains are
+ground into flour by the miller. We use flour for making bread, cakes,
+and puddings.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Wheat is--
+    A grass plant.
+    Grown from seed.
+    Green at first.
+    Yellow when ripe.
+
+Wheat has--
+    A tall stem.
+    Graceful leaves.
+    An ear.
+    Grains.
+
+Wheat makes--
+    Flour.
+    Foods.
+    Chaff.
+    Straw.
+
+
+
+
+SLATE.                        [_Page 26._
+
+
+1. Slate is a kind of stone. Rocks, and even mountains, are sometimes
+made of slate. The great hole made in the rocks by getting it out, is
+called a quarry. It is got out in very large blocks. Sometimes gunpowder
+is used to crack the rocks before the blocks can be got out.
+
+2. Slate is very hard and brittle. It is used for many purposes. Houses
+are roofed with slates. Sometimes it is used for pavements. It can be
+made so smooth that we use it for writing upon. Slate-pencil is made
+from soft slate-stone.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Slate is--
+    A kind of stone.
+    Very hard.
+    Brittle.
+
+Slate is found in--
+    Cumberland.
+    Wales.
+    Cornwall and Devon.
+
+Slate is useful for--
+    Roofing houses.
+    Making pavements.
+    Writing upon.
+
+
+
+
+CHALK.                        [_Page 31._
+
+1. Like slate, chalk comes out of the hills. It is white and soft. It is
+used for many purposes. The farmer puts it on the fields sometimes, to
+make the soil better. It holds water and keeps the soil moist.
+
+2. We get lime and whiting from chalk. We use it in these forms for
+making our ceilings and walls clean. It is used, too, for writing on the
+blackboard. Chalk is found in many parts of England. Kent and Hampshire
+have most. Chalk-pits are often seen in the hills.
+
+3. Chalk is formed of thousands of tiny shells.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Chalk is--
+    White.
+    Soft.
+    Crumbly.
+
+Chalk is found in--
+    Hampshire.
+    Kent.
+    Isle of Wight.
+
+Chalk makes--
+    Lime.
+    Whiting.
+    Chalk-pencils.
+
+
+
+
+THE MOUSE.                    [_Page 36._
+
+
+1. The mouse is a very small animal, with pointed nose and long tail. It
+has large bright eyes, large ears, strong sharp teeth, and is very
+timid.
+
+2. The mouse gnaws through the walls and floors of our houses with its
+sharp, strong teeth. It makes a little nest in a hole. It comes out when
+all is quiet to look for crumbs, or anything left about that it can eat.
+It gets into the pantry sometimes.
+
+3. Some mice live in fields and woods. The tiny harvest-mouse makes its
+nest on a wheat-stalk. It often does great harm to the wheat.
+
+4. But for puss there would soon be so many mice that we should not know
+what to do.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Mice have--
+    Long tails.
+    Sharp teeth.
+    Large ears.
+    Bright eyes.
+
+Mice like--
+    Bread.
+    Meat.
+    Cheese.
+    Milk.
+
+Mice are--
+    Very small.
+    Very timid.
+    Very quick.
+    Very quiet.
+
+
+
+
+THE RABBIT.                   [_Page 41._
+
+
+1. The rabbit is about the size of the cat, and is covered with short
+fur. It burrows a hole in the ground and makes a nest there for its
+young.
+
+2. Rabbits have long ears and large eyes. They can hear a very slight
+sound, and can see _behind_ as well as before them.
+
+3. Their hind-legs are longer than their fore-legs; so they do not run,
+but leap.
+
+4. Rabbits like to live where there is plenty of furze, which they eat
+for food. They do much mischief in corn-fields by eating the young corn.
+They also eat the bark off young trees, and so spoil them.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Rabbits have--
+    Long ears.
+    Large eyes.
+    Long hind-legs.
+    Warm fur.
+
+Rabbits eat--
+    Grass.
+    Roots.
+    Leaves.
+    Bark.
+
+Rabbits--
+    Burrow.
+    Make nests for their young.
+    Leap.
+    Play.
+
+
+
+
+IVY.                          [_Page 43._
+
+
+1. Ivy is an evergreen, climbing plant. It grows on old walls, houses,
+and churches, and sometimes on trees.
+
+2. There are several kinds of ivy. The leaves of each kind are of a
+different shape. All ivy leaves are very pretty.
+
+3. The leaves have little marks called veins, crossing them in all ways.
+These veins are full of sap, or moisture, which the roots of the plant
+suck up from the earth.
+
+4. Some ivy flowers, and bears berries.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Ivy is--
+    An evergreen.
+    A climber.
+
+Ivy has--
+    Different forms of leaf.
+    Many veins.
+
+Ivy grows--
+    On old buildings.
+    Sometimes round trees.
+
+
+
+
+A TREE.                       [_Page 47._
+
+
+1. There are many kinds of trees. The oak, elm, and beech are very
+common.
+
+2. Trees have roots, trunks, branches, leaves, and often flowers and
+fruit. The brown covering of the trunk is called bark. This keeps the
+tree warm and dry.
+
+3. Their leaves fall off in autumn, except those of evergreens like the
+holly and the laurel.
+
+4. Trees are both beautiful and useful. They provide us with timber and
+firewood, and give shade and shelter to our houses and gardens.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Trees have--
+    Roots.
+    Branches.
+    Leaves.
+
+Trees--
+    Shed leaves.
+    Live long.
+
+Trees give us--
+    Timber.
+    Fruits.
+    Shade and shelter.
+
+
+
+
+BRICKS.                       [_Page 50._
+
+
+1. Bricks are made of clay. The clay is very damp and heavy when it is
+dug out of the ground.
+
+2. It is put into moulds to make bricks, and slowly baked in a kiln.
+Then the bricks are dry and not so heavy as the clay was. They are
+porous.
+
+3. Most bricks are of oblong shape. This is the shape used for building
+houses, schools, walls. Sometimes they are made into very pretty shapes,
+are glazed and used for floors and other things.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Bricks are--
+    Made of clay.
+    Shaped in moulds.
+    Baked in a kiln.
+
+Bricks are--
+    Not so heavy as stone.
+    Hard.
+    Oblong.
+
+Bricks are used--
+    For building.
+    For ornament.
+
+
+
+
+THE DONKEY.                   [_Page 53._
+
+
+1. The donkey is a useful animal when well treated. It is cheaper to buy
+and to keep than a pony.
+
+2. The donkey has hoofs like the horse, and wears shoes. It is very
+patient and gentle, and can do with coarse food.
+
+3. The donkey's coat is rough, and its mane short. It has a black stripe
+down its back and across its shoulders. Its head and ears are very long.
+
+4. The donkey can climb high rugged paths better than the horse. It can
+also carry heavy loads up hill, because it is strong and sure-footed.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The donkey has--
+    Hoofed feet.
+    Long ears.
+    A shaggy coat.
+    A short mane.
+
+The donkey is--
+    Strong.
+    Sure-footed.
+    Gentle.
+    Patient.
+
+The donkey likes--
+    Hay.
+    Grass.
+    Thistles.
+    Carrots.
+
+
+
+
+SHEEP.                        [_Page 55._
+
+1. Sheep live mostly in the fields. They often climb very high hills.
+Their feet are not like the donkey's; they are cloven, like the cow's.
+
+2. Their legs are so slender that their bodies seem almost too large for
+them. The thick wool which grows upon them makes them look large.
+
+3. Sheep eat grass. They tear it off, as the cow does. They cannot bite,
+since they have no front teeth in the upper jaw.
+
+4. They are very timid, gentle creatures. They do not like to be alone.
+They live in flocks. They make a great noise when bleating.
+
+5. Sheep are very useful. Their flesh gives us mutton; their wool makes
+clothing; their skin makes leather.
+
+_Write and Learn:_
+
+Sheep have--
+    Cloven hoofs.
+    Slender legs.
+    Thick wool.
+
+Sheep are--
+    Gentle.
+    Timid.
+    Climbers.
+
+Sheep give us--
+    Food.
+    Clothing.
+    Leather.
+
+
+
+
+TURNIPS.                      [_Page 59._
+
+
+1. Turnips are grown both in fields and gardens. The tops are green. The
+turnip is almost round; but it tapers towards the bottom. Most of the
+turnip grows under ground; but we can see part of it above ground when
+nearly ripe.
+
+2. Turnips are good for food. Sheep and cattle are fond of them. Animals
+eat them raw. We boil them. Raw turnips are not good for us. Pigs will
+eat the rinds which we peel off.
+
+3. Turnips are white or yellow, sweet, juicy, wholesome.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Turnips are--
+    White or yellow.
+    Sweet.
+    Wholesome.
+
+Turnips have--
+    Roots.
+    Green tops.
+    Thick rinds.
+
+Turnips are eaten--
+    By man.
+    By animals.
+    Mostly in winter.
+
+
+
+
+GREEN PEAS.                   [_Page 62._
+
+
+1. The pea is a climbing plant. We put tall sticks in the garden for the
+peas to climb. They grow from seeds which are dried peas.
+
+2. As they grow, tendrils shoot out and take hold of the sticks. Pretty
+green leaves grow too. Then come the dainty white flowers.
+
+3. When the flowers wither, they leave little green pods. Inside the
+pods are little green peas. Peas and pods grow larger each day until
+ripe.
+
+4. Peas are very good for food. Pigs like the husks.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Peas have--
+    Roots.
+    Tendrils.
+    Flowers.
+
+Peas--
+    Climb.
+    Grow from seed.
+    Hold by tendrils.
+
+Peas grow--
+    In gardens.
+    In fields.
+    In summer.
+
+
+
+
+IRON AND METAL.               [_Page 67._
+
+
+1. Metals are made from ores which are dug out of the earth. These ores
+are found in many parts of the world. Iron is the most common, as well
+as the most useful metal.
+
+2. Many things we use are made of it. The _steel_ of which our knives,
+tools, and other things are made, is made from iron. Iron is largely
+used for making bridges, railings, fire-grates, hammers.
+
+3. Lead, copper, tin, and zinc are metals also. So are silver and gold.
+
+4. Men must dig deep down into the earth to find them. The holes and
+passages which they make are called mines.
+
+5. All metals are heavy. All will melt in great heat, and all can be
+hammered out into thin sheets or drawn out into wire.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Metals are--
+    Heavy.
+    Useful.
+    Plentiful.
+
+Metals can be--
+    Melted.
+    Hammered out.
+    Polished.
+
+The common metals are--
+    Iron.
+    Lead.
+    Tin and copper.
+
+
+
+
+NEEDLES.                      [_Page 71._
+
+
+1. Needles are made of steel wire. In a needle-factory there are
+hundreds of coils of wire. Some of the wire is thick enough for
+darning-needles; some very thin for making sewing-needles.
+
+2. The wire is cut by a machine. The needles are pointed on a
+grindstone. The eyes are punched by another machine. Then the needles
+are filed to make them smooth.
+
+3. To make them hard, the needles are made white-hot, and put into cold
+water until quite cool. They are then cleaned and polished.
+
+4. They must be very dry before put into packets, or they will rust.
+
+5. Many boys and girls, as well as men and women, work in
+needle-factories.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Needles are--
+    Smooth.
+    Bright.
+    Pointed.
+
+Needles have--
+    Eyes.
+    Shanks.
+    Points.
+
+Needles are used--
+    For sewing.
+    For darning.
+    For other work.
+
+
+
+
+THE KNIFE.                    [_Page 80._
+
+
+1. A knife is most useful for cutting. The blade is made of steel; the
+handle of ivory, bone, or wood.
+
+2. The blade and handle are fastened together by a long, thin piece of
+iron which goes into the handle. The blades have to be heated as needles
+are, to make them hard.
+
+3. A knife is blunt on one edge; sharp on the other. The grinder
+sharpens it on a huge stone which goes round and round. The blades are
+polished before being put into the handles, as well as after.
+
+4. There are many kinds of knives. Pocket-knives have a spring to make
+them shut tightly. A table-knife is rounded at the end; the
+carving-knife has a sharp pointed blade.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Knives are--
+    Sharp.
+    Bright.
+    Useful.
+
+Knives have--
+    Blades.
+    Handles.
+    Springs.
+
+Knives are made--
+    In Sheffield.
+
+
+
+
+THE HEN.                      [_Page 83._
+
+
+1. The hen is a domestic bird. Some are white; some black; others many
+colours. The hen finds much of its own food in the fields. It is fed
+with barley, bread, potatoes, and other things from the house.
+
+2. The hen has a small head with eyes at the sides. Its bill is strong
+and sharp.
+
+3. The hen sleeps on a perch on one leg. It never falls off; its foot is
+made for grasping.
+
+4. Hens are useful for the eggs they give us; and they are also good for
+food. Their feathers, too, are useful.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The hen has--
+    A small head.
+    A strong bill.
+    A grasping foot.
+
+The hen is--
+    A domestic bird.
+    A percher.
+    Useful.
+
+The hen gives us--
+    Eggs.
+    Food.
+    Feathers.
+
+
+
+
+THE SPARROW.                  [_Page 86._
+
+
+1. The sparrow is a small bird with brown and gray feathers. It builds
+its nest on our houses, and sometimes in the pipes which carry the rain
+off the roof. A sparrow's nest is seldom found in a tree. It lays five
+or six eggs which are spotted with brown.
+
+2. Farmers often kill sparrows because they steal the corn and fruit.
+But they are really good friends to the farmer. They eat the worms and
+grubs, which would destroy _all_ the fruit.
+
+3. The sparrow is a very bold little bird, and is to be found in the
+streets of the largest towns as well as in the country.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The sparrow has--
+    Brown and gray feathers.
+    Sharp claws.
+    A long tail.
+
+The sparrow is--
+    Small.
+    Bold.
+    Useful.
+
+The sparrow eats--
+    Grain.
+    Worms.
+    Fruit.
+
+
+
+
+HERBS.                        [_Page 90._
+
+
+1. Herbs are plants or vegetables with soft stalks or stems. Some grow
+wild, others we grow in our gardens.
+
+2. We use some for eating, such as mustard and cress. Others, such as
+parsley, mint, sage, and thyme, we use to flavour our food. Many are
+used as medicine.
+
+3. Most herbs have a nice scent. They are very plentiful, and very
+useful.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Herbs have--
+    Soft stems.
+    Nice scent.
+    Strong flavour.
+
+Herbs are--
+    Plentiful.
+    Useful.
+    Grown from seeds.
+
+Herbs are used--
+    For eating.
+    For flavouring.
+    For medicine.
+
+
+
+
+COFFEE                        [_Page 93._
+
+
+1. We get coffee from the coffee-tree. It is an evergreen, something
+like our bay-tree. It bears a pretty white flower.
+
+2. When the flower falls it leaves a red berry, something like a
+cherry. The two hard, oval seeds inside it are what we call coffee
+beans. They are of a pale colour in the berry, but are roasted to make
+them brown.
+
+3. Coffee is good to drink, but it is not so cheap as tea. It grows in
+warm countries far away--in Arabia and the West Indies chiefly.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The Coffee-tree--
+    Is an evergreen.
+    Has white flowers.
+    Has a red berry.
+
+Coffee is--
+    Good to drink.
+    Warming.
+    Not so cheap as tea.
+
+Coffee grows--
+    In Arabia.
+    In the West Indies.
+    In Brazil.
+
+
+
+
+PAPER.                        [_Page 96._
+
+
+1. Paper is one of the most useful things we have. It is made of old
+rags which are torn to pieces by a machine. Lime is put in to make them
+white.
+
+2. The pulp, as it is called, is then formed into sheets and pressed. It
+is then covered with _size_, and pressed again to make it smooth and
+glossy.
+
+3. Blotting-paper and other kinds not used for writing upon, are not
+sized. Brown paper is made of old canvas and sacking.
+
+4. Before paper was made, people used to write upon the inner bark of
+trees, and the thin skins of animals made sweet and dry, and called
+parchment.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Writing-paper is--
+    Smooth.
+    Glossy.
+    Fine.
+
+Blotting-paper is--
+    Soft.
+    Unglazed.
+    Porous.
+
+Brown paper is--
+    Coarse.
+    Strong.
+    Used for parcels.
+
+
+
+
+THE FLY.                      [_Page 99._
+
+
+1. The fly is a wonderful little insect. It has six legs, with such
+curious feet that it can walk on the window-panes or the ceiling.
+
+2. It has a funny little round head. Its eyes stand out so that it can
+see round about it. It cannot move its eyes as we do. Neither can it
+bite its food--it sucks it.
+
+3. The fly teases us in summer. It gets into our sugar, milk, treacle,
+and honey. Then it makes marks upon our windows and other things.
+
+4. Its wings are very pretty. When they get wet it cannot fly. The noise
+flies make is called buzzing.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Flies have--
+    Six legs.
+    Curious feet.
+    Fixed eyes.
+
+Flies--
+    Buzz.
+    Lay tiny eggs.
+    Suck their food.
+
+Flies like--
+    Sugar.
+    Honey.
+    Milk.
+
+
+
+
+THE WASP.                     [_Page 102._
+
+
+1. A wasp is a very pretty insect, black and yellow in colour. There are
+several kinds. Some burrow in the ground and make their nests there.
+Others build their nests in trees.
+
+2. Wasps live together in large numbers. They are very busy. Some lay
+eggs; some are masons, and build the nest; others are soldiers, and
+guard the home; whilst others carry away all the rubbish, and keep
+everything clean and tidy.
+
+3. The wasp's sting has poison in it. This is why it gives us such pain
+if we get stung.
+
+4. The wasp is something like the fly in shape, only much larger. It
+preys upon other insects.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The Wasp has--
+    Six legs.
+    Four wings.
+    A sharp sting.
+
+The Wasp--
+    Makes a nest.
+    Works hard.
+    Sleeps all winter.
+
+The Wasp likes--
+    Insects.
+    Meat.
+    Sweet things.
+
+
+
+
+THE SUNFLOWER.                [_Page 104._
+
+
+1. This flower is called _sun_-flower because it always turns its face
+to the sun. It turns as the sun goes round.
+
+2. The sunflower grows on a strong, tall stalk. It is something like a
+daisy in form.
+
+3. The deep-yellow leaves stand out in rays from the dark-coloured
+middle of the flower, which is called the _disk_. This disk is made of a
+large number of tiny flowers closely packed together.
+
+4. The seeds of this flower are large and oblong, and contain oil.
+
+5. Bees and flies visit sunflowers, to gather honey.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The sunflower has--
+    A strong stalk.
+    A large disk.
+    Many rays.
+
+The sunflower--
+    Grows from seed.
+    Contains honey.
+    Turns to the sun.
+
+The sunflower has--
+    Small flowers in its disk.
+    Oblong seeds.
+    Oily seed.
+
+
+
+
+THE ROSE.                     [_Page 108._
+
+
+1. Roses are of many kinds and many colours. Most of them are
+sweet-scented. Some rose-bushes do not grow very high. Others grow up as
+high as our houses.
+
+2. Roses have thorns on their stems. Wild roses have many thorns. Wild
+roses are small--have only five leaves--but they are very pretty.
+
+3. When they die they leave berries, called hips, which make good food
+for the birds in winter. There are seeds in them.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+The rose has--
+    A sweet scent.
+    Sharp thorns on its stem.
+    Soft, smooth leaves.
+
+The rose is--
+    Sometimes white.
+    Sometimes yellow.
+    Sometimes red.
+
+The wild rose--
+    Grows in hedges.
+    Has five leaves.
+    Has berries called 'hips.'
+
+
+
+
+WOOD.                         [_Page 111._
+
+
+1. Wood seems to be almost as useful as iron. Hundreds of years ago,
+houses were built of wood. All the houses in London were. There is much
+wood in our houses now.
+
+2. There are many kinds of wood--each comes from a different tree. Oak
+is a very hard wood. Pine is softer. Willow is very soft; its thin
+branches will bend easily. It is used for making baskets.
+
+3. When the trunk of a tree is sawn into planks we can see the grain or
+marks in it. Some are very prettily marked. Oak and walnut are. Wood can
+be highly polished.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Wood grows--
+    In most countries.
+    In forests.
+    Plentifully.
+
+Wood is--
+    Very useful.
+    Mostly hard.
+    Grained.
+
+Wood is used for--
+    Building purposes.
+    Furniture.
+    Fires.
+
+
+
+
+COAL.                         [_Page 113._
+
+
+1. Coal is dug out of the earth. Coal and iron are found together. But
+coal is not a metal as iron is. It will not melt. We call it a mineral.
+
+2. It is found in many parts of the world. There is a very large
+quantity in our own country.
+
+3. It is a black, shiny, opaque, and brittle mineral. Men have to go
+deep down into the earth, into mines, to get it. They are in great
+danger.
+
+4. Coals were once forests, which sank lower and lower into the earth
+hundreds and thousands of years ago. They became mixed with other
+things, and in time were changed to coal. We can see the grain in some
+of the coal, as we see it in wood.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Coal is--
+    A Mineral.
+    Black.
+    Opaque.
+    Brittle.
+
+Coal is--
+    Buried forests.
+    Got from mines.
+    Heavy.
+    Grained.
+
+Coal is used for--
+    Fuel.
+    Smelting metals.
+    Making gas.
+    Making tar.
+
+
+
+
+FIRE.                         [_Page 119._
+
+
+1. Fire is useful but dangerous. A spark from it might set a house on
+fire. We ought to be very careful about it. Children should never play
+with fire.
+
+2. It is so useful that we should not be able to have many things we
+have, if we had no fire.
+
+3. When England was covered with forests, hundreds of years ago, people
+used to have fires of wood, instead of coal. Wood-fires are not so smoky
+as those made of coal, but they are not so hot.
+
+_Write and learn:_
+
+Fire is--
+    Useful.
+    Dangerous.
+    A good servant.
+    A bad master.
+
+Fire--
+    Burns.
+    Smokes.
+    Makes flame.
+    Gives heat.
+
+Fire--
+    Warms our houses.
+    Cooks our food.
+    Makes water into steam.
+    Makes soot.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+Edinburgh:
+Printed by W. & R. Chambers, Limited.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Chambers's Elementary Science Readers, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S ELEMENTARY ***
+
+***** This file should be named 18217.txt or 18217.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/2/1/18217/
+
+Produced by Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+
diff --git a/18217.zip b/18217.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d898eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18217.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dde869b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #18217 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18217)