initial commit of ebook 18194HEADmain

1 files changed, 823 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/18194-0.txt b/18194-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f3470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/18194-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+Project Gutenberg's The Life of Buddha and Its Lessons, by H.S. Olcott
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Life of Buddha and Its Lessons
+
+Author: H.S. Olcott
+
+Release Date: April 17, 2006 [EBook #18194]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE OF BUDDHA AND ITS LESSONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Sankar Viswanathan,
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                           ADYAR PAMPHLETS
+
+                                No. 15
+
+
+                      The Life of Buddha and Its
+                               Lessons
+
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                             H. S. OLCOTT
+
+
+
+
+                    THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE
+
+                         ADYAR, MADRAS, INDIA
+
+
+
+
+                      _First Edition: May 1912_
+
+                     _Second Edition: Sept. 1919_
+
+
+
+
+The Life of Buddha and Its Lessons
+
+
+The thoughtful student, in scanning the religious history of the race,
+has one fact continually forced upon his notice, _viz_., that there is
+an invariable tendency to deify whomsoever shows himself superior to
+the weakness of our common humanity. Look where we will, we find the
+saint-like man exalted into a divine personage and worshipped for a
+god. Though perhaps misunderstood, reviled and even persecuted while
+living, the apotheosis is almost sure to come after death: and the
+victim of yesterday's mob, raised to the state of an Intercessor in
+Heaven, is besought with prayer and tears, and placatory penances, to
+mediate with God for the pardon of human sin. This is a mean and vile
+trait of human nature, the proof of ignorance, selfishness, brutal
+cowardice, and a superstitious materialism. It shows the base instinct
+to put down and destroy whatever or whoever makes men feel their own
+imperfections; with the alternative of ignoring and denying these very
+imperfections by turning into gods men who have merely spiritualised
+their natures, so that it may be supposed that they were heavenly
+incarnations and not mortal like other men.
+
+This process of euhemerisation, as it is called, or the making of men
+into gods and gods into men, sometimes, though more rarely, begins
+during the life of the hero, but usually after death. The true history
+of his life is gradually amplified and decorated with fanciful
+incidents, to fit it to the new character which has been posthumously
+given him. Omens and portents are now made to attend his earthly
+avaṭāra: his precocity is described as superhuman: as a babe or
+lisping child he silences the wisest logicians by his divine
+knowledge: miracles he produces as other boys do soap-bubbles: the
+terrible energies of nature are his playthings: the gods, angels, and
+demons are his habitual attendants: the sun, moon, and all the starry
+host wheel around his cradle in joyful measures, and the earth thrills
+with joy at having borne such a prodigy: and at his last hour of
+mortal life the whole universe shakes with conflicting emotions.
+
+Why need I use the few moments at my disposal to marshal before you
+the various personages of whom these fables have been written? Let it
+suffice to recall the interesting fact to your notice, and invite you
+to compare the respective biographies of the Brāhmaṇical
+Kṛṣhṇa, the Persian Zoroaster, the Egyptian Hermes, the
+Indian Gauṭama, and the canonical, especially the apocryphal,
+Jesus. Taking Kṛṣhṇa or Zoroaster, as you please, as the most
+ancient, and coming down the chronological line of descent, you will
+find them all made after the same pattern. The real personage is all
+covered up and concealed under the embroidered veils of the romancer
+and the enthusiastic historiographer. What is surprising to me is that
+this tendency to exaggeration and hyperbole is not more commonly
+allowed for by those who in our days attempt to discuss and compare
+religions. We are constantly and painfully reminded that the prejudice
+of inimical critics, on the one hand, and the furious bigotry of
+devotees, on the other, blind men to fact and probability, and lead to
+gross injustice. Let me take as an example the mythical biographies of
+Jesus. At the time when the Council of Nicea was convened for settling
+the quarrels of certain bishops, and for the purpose of examining into
+the canonicity of the three hundred more or less apocryphal gospels
+that were being read in the Christian churches as inspired writings,
+the history of the life of Christ had reached the height of absurd
+myth. We may see some specimens in the extant books of the apocryphal
+New Testament, but most of them are now lost. What have been retained
+in the present Canon may doubtless be regarded as the least
+objectionable. And yet we must not hastily adopt even this conclusion,
+for you know that Sabina, Bishop of Heracha, himself speaking of the
+Council of Nicea, affirms that "except Constantine and Sabinus, Bishop
+of Pamphilus, these bishops were a set of illiterate, simple creatures
+that understood nothing"; which is as though he had said they were a
+pack of fools. And Pappus, in his _Synodicon_ to that Council of
+Nicea, lets us into the secret that the Canon was not decided by a
+careful comparison of several gospels before them, but by a _lottery_.
+Having, he tells us, "promiscuously put all the books that were
+referred to the Council for determination under a Communion table in a
+church, they (the bishops) besought the Lord that the inspired
+writings might get up on the table, while the spurious writings
+remained underneath, and _it happened accordingly_".
+
+But letting all this pass and looking only to what is contained in the
+present Canon, we see the same tendency to compel all nature to attest
+the divinity of the writer's hero. At the nativity a star leaves its
+orbit and leads the Persian astrologers to the divine child, and angels
+come and converse with shepherds, and a whole train of like celestial
+phenomena occurs at various stages of his earthly career, which closes
+amid earthquakes, a pall of darkness over the whole scene, a
+supernatural war of the elements, the opening of graves and the walking
+about of their tenants, and other appalling wonders. Now, if the candid
+Buḍḍhist concedes that the real history of Gauṭama is embellished by
+like absurd exaggerations, and if we can find their duplicates in the
+biographies of Zoroaster, Shaṅkarāchārya and other real personages of
+antiquity, have we not the right to conclude that the true history of
+the Founder of Christianity, if at this late date it were possible to
+write it, would be very different from the narratives that pass current?
+We must not forget that Jerusalem was at that time a Roman dependency,
+just as Ceylon is now a British, and that the silence of contemporary
+Roman historians about any such violent disturbances of the equilibrium
+of nature is deeply significant.
+
+I have cited this example for the sole and simple purpose of bringing
+home to the non-Buḍḍhistic portion of my present audience the
+conviction that, in considering the life of Sākya Muni and the
+lessons it teaches, they must not make his followers of to-day
+responsible for any extravagant exuberances of past biographers. The
+doctrine of Buḍḍha and its effects are to be judged quite apart
+from the man, just as the doctrine ascribed to Jesus and its effects
+are to be considered quite irrespectively of his personal history.
+And--as I hope I have shown--the actual doings and sayings of every
+founder of a Faith or a school of philosophy must be sought for under
+a heap of tinsel and rubbish contributed by successive generations of
+followers.
+
+Approaching the question of the hour in this spirit of precaution,
+what do we find are the probabilities respecting the life of Sākya
+Muni? Who was he? When did he live? How did he live? What did he
+teach? A most careful comparison of authorities and analysis of
+evidence establishes, I think, the following data:
+
+1. He was the son of a king.
+
+2. He lived between six and seven centuries before Christ.
+
+3. He resigned his royal state and went to live in the jungle, and
+among the lowest and most unhappy classes, so as to learn the secret
+of human pain and misery by personal experience: tested every known
+austerity of the Hinḍū ascetics and excelled them all in his power
+of endurance: sounded every depth of woe in search of the means to
+alleviate it: and at last came out victorious, and showed the world
+the way to salvation.
+
+4. What he taught may be summed up in a few words, as the perfume of
+many roses may be distilled into a few drops of _attar_: Everything in
+the world of Matter is unreal; the only reality is in the world of
+Spirit. Emancipate yourselves from the tyranny of the former; strive
+to attain the latter. The Rev. Samuel Beal, in his _Catena of
+Buḍḍhist Scriptures from the Chinese_ puts it differently. "The
+idea underlying the Buddhist religious system is," he says, "simply
+this: 'all is vanity'. Earth is a show, and Heaven is a vain reward."
+Primitive Buḍḍhism was engrossed, absorbed, by one thought--the
+vanity of finite existence, the priceless value of the one condition
+of Eternal Rest.
+
+If I have the temerity to prefer my own definition of the spirit of
+Buḍḍha's doctrine, it is because I think that all the
+misconceptions of it have arisen from a failure to understand his idea
+of what is real and what is unreal, what worth longing and striving
+for and what not. From this misconception have come all the unfounded
+charges that Buḍḍhism is an "atheistical," that is to say, a
+grossly materialistic, a nihilistic, a negative, a vice-breeding
+religion. Buḍḍhism denies the existence of a personal
+God--true: therefore--well, therefore, and notwithstanding all this,
+its teaching is neither what may be called properly atheistical,
+nihilistic, negative, nor provocative of vice. I will try to make my
+meaning clear, and the advancement of modern scientific research helps
+in this direction. Science divides the universe for us into two
+elements--matter and force; accounting for their phenomena by their
+combinations, and making both eternal and obedient to eternal and
+immutable law. The speculations of men of science have carried them to
+the outermost verge of the physical universe. Behind them lie not only
+a thousand brilliant triumphs by which a part of Nature's secrets have
+been wrung from her, but also more thousands of failures to fathom her
+deep mysteries. They have proved thought material, since it is the
+evolution of the gray tissue of the brain, and a recent German
+experimentalist, Professor Dr. Jäger, claims to have proved that
+man's soul is "a volatile odoriferous principle, capable of solution
+in glycerine". Psychogen is the name he gives to it, and his
+experiments show that it is present not merely in the body as a whole,
+but in every individual cell, in the ovum, and even in the ultimate
+elements of protoplasm. I need hardly say to so intelligent an
+audience as this, that these highly interesting experiments of Dr.
+Jäger are corroborated by many facts, both physiological and
+psychological, that have been always noticed among all nations; facts
+which are woven into popular proverbs, legends, folk-lore fables,
+mythologies and theologies, the world over. Now, if thought is matter
+and soul is matter, then Buḍḍha, in recognising the impermanence
+of sensual enjoyment or experience of any kind, and the instability of
+every material form, the human soul included, uttered a profound and
+scientific truth, And since the very idea of gratification or
+suffering is inseparable from that of material being--absolute SPIRIT
+alone being regarded by common consent as perfect, changeless and
+Eternal--therefore, in teaching the doctrine that conquest of the
+material self, with all its lusts, desires, loves, hopes, ambitions
+and hates, frees one from pain, and leads to Nirvāṇa, the state
+of Perfect Rest, he preached the rest of an untinged, untainted
+existence in the Spirit. Though the soul be composed of the finest
+conceivable substance, yet if substance at all--as Dr. Jäger seems
+able to prove, and ages of human intercourse with the weird phantoms
+of the shadow world imply--it must in time perish. What remains is
+that changeless part of man, which most philosophers call Spirit, and
+Nirvāṇa is its necessary condition of existence. The only
+dispute between Buḍḍhist authorities is whether this
+Nirvāṇic existence is attended with individual consciousness, or
+whether the individual is merged in the whole, as the extinguished
+flame is lost in the air. But there are those who say that the flame
+has not been annihilated by the blowing out. It has only passed out of
+the visible world of matter into the invisible world of Spirit, where
+it still exists and will ever exist, as a bright reality. Such
+thinkers can understand Buḍḍha's doctrine and, while agreeing
+with him that soul is not immortal, would spurn the charge of
+materialistic nihilism, if brought against either that sublime teacher
+or themselves.
+
+The history of Sākya Muni's life is the strongest bulwark of his
+religion. As long as the human heart is capable of being touched by
+tales of heroic self-sacrifice, accompanied by purity and celestial
+benevolence of motive, it will cherish his memory. Why should I go
+into the particulars of that noble life? You will remember that he was
+the son of the king of Kapilavasṭu--a mighty sovereign whose
+opulence enabled him to give the heir of his house every luxury that a
+voluptuous imagination could desire: and that the future Buḍḍha
+was not allowed even to know, much less observe, the miseries of
+ordinary existence. How beautifully Edwin Arnold has painted for us in
+_The Light of Asia_ the luxury and languor of that Indian Court,
+"where love was gaoler and delights its bars". We are told that:
+
+    The king commanded that within those walls
+      No mention should be made of age or death
+    Sorrow or pain, or sickness ...
+      And every dawn the dying rose was plucked,
+    The dead leaves hid, all evil sights removed:
+      For said the king, "If he shall pass his youth
+    Far from such things as move to wistfulness
+      And brooding on the empty eggs of thought,
+    The shadow of this fate, too vast for man,
+      May fade, belike, and I shall see him grow
+    To that great stature of fair sovereignty,
+      When he shall rule all lands--if he _will rule_--
+    The king of kings and glory of his time."
+
+You know how vain were all the precautions taken by the father to
+prevent the fulfilment of the prophecy that his beloved son would be
+the coming Buḍḍha. Though all suggestions of death were banished
+from the royal palace, though the city was bedecked with flowers and
+gay flags, and every painful object removed from sight when the young
+Prince Siḍḍārtha visited it, yet the decrees of destiny were
+not to be baffled, the "voices of the spirits," the "wandering winds"
+and the ḍevas, whispered the truth of human sorrows into his
+listening ear, and when the appointed hour arrived, the Suḍḍha
+Ḍevas threw the spell of slumber over the household, steeped in
+profound lethargy the sentinels (as we are told was done by an angel
+to the gaolers of Peter's prison), rolled back the triple gates of
+bronze, strewed the sweet moghra-flowers thickly beneath his horse's
+feet to muffle every sound, and he was free. Free? Yes--to resign
+every earthly comfort, every sensuous enjoyment, the sweets of royal
+power, the homage of a Court, the delights of domestic life: gems, the
+glitter of gold: rich stuffs, rich food, soft beds: the songs of
+trained musicians, and of birds kept prisoners in gay cages, the
+murmur of perfumed waters plashing in marble basins, the delicious
+shade of trees in gardens where art had contrived to make nature even
+lovelier than herself. He leaps from his saddle when at a safe
+distance from the palace, flings the jewelled rein to his faithful
+groom, Channa, cuts off his flowing locks, gives his rich costume to a
+hunter in exchange for his own, plunges into the jungle, and is free:
+
+    To tread its paths with patient, stainless feet,
+      Making its dusty bed, its loneliest wastes
+    My dwelling, and its meanest things my mates:
+      Clad in no prouder garb than outcasts wear,
+    Fed with no meals save what the charitable
+      Give of their will, sheltered by no more pomp,
+    Than the dim cave lends or the jungle-bush.
+      This will I do because the woeful cry
+    Of life and all flesh living cometh up
+      Into my ears, and all my soul is full
+    Of pity for the sickness of this world:
+      Which I will heal, if healing may be found
+    By uttermost renouncing and strong strife.
+
+Thus masterfully does Sir Edwin Arnold depict the sentiment which
+provoked this Great Renunciator. The testimony of thousands of
+millions who, during the last twenty-five centuries, have professed
+the Buḍḍhistic religion, proves that the secret of human misery
+was at last solved by this divine self-sacrifice, and the true path to
+Nirvāṇa opened.
+
+The joy that he brought to the hearts of others, Buḍḍha first
+tasted himself. He found that the pleasures of the eye, the ear, the
+taste, touch and smell are fleeting and deceptive: he who gives value
+to them brings only disappointment and bitter sorrow upon himself. The
+social differences between men he found were equally arbitrary and
+illusive; caste bred hatred and selfishness; riches strife, envy and
+malice. So in founding his Faith he laid the bottom of its
+foundation-stones upon all this worldly dirt, and its dome in the
+clear serene of the world of Spirit. He who can mount to a clear
+conception of Nirvāṇa will find his thought far away above the
+common joys and sorrows of petty men. As to one who ascends to the
+top of Chimborazo or the Himālayan crags, and sees men on the
+earth's surface crawling to and fro like ants, so equally small do
+bigots and sectarians appear to him. The mountain climber has under
+his feet the very clouds from whose sun-painted shapes the poet has
+figured to himself the golden streets and glittering domes of the
+materialistic Heaven of a personal God. Below him are all the various
+objects out of which the world's pantheons have been manufactured:
+around, above--Immensity. And so also, far down the ascending plane of
+thought that leads from the earth towards the Infinite, the
+philosophic Buḍḍhist describes, at different plateaux, the
+heavens and hells, the gods and demons, of the materialistic
+creed-builders.
+
+What are the lessons to be derived from the life and teachings of this
+heroic prince of Kapilavasṭu? Lessons of gratitude and benevolence.
+Lessons of tolerance for the clashing opinions of men who live, move
+and have their being, think and aspire, only in the material world.
+The lesson of a common tie of brotherhood among all men. Lessons of
+manly self-reliance, of equanimity in breasting whatsoever of good or
+ill may happen. Lessons of the meanness of the rewards, the pettiness
+of the misfortunes of a shifting world of illusions. Lessons of the
+necessity for avoiding every species of evil thought and word, and for
+doing, speaking and thinking everything that is good, and for the
+bringing of the mind into subjection so that these may be accomplished
+without selfish motive or vanity. Lessons of self-purification and
+communion, by which the illusiveness of externals and the value of
+internals are understood.
+
+Well might St. Hilaire burst into the panegyric that Buḍḍha "is
+the perfect model of all the virtues he preaches ... his life has not
+a stain upon it". Well might the sober critic Max Müller pronounce his
+moral code "one of the most perfect which the world has ever known".
+No wonder that in contemplating that gentle life Edwin Arnold should
+have found his personality "the highest, gentlest, holiest and most
+beneficent ... in the history of thought," and been moved to write his
+splendid verses. It is twenty-five hundred years since humanity put
+forth such a flower: who knows when it did before?
+
+Gauṭama Buḍḍha, Sākya Muni, has ennobled the whole human
+race. His fame is our common inheritance. His Law is the law of
+Justice, providing for every good thought, word and deed its fair
+reward, for every evil one its proper punishment. His law is in
+harmony with the voices of Nature, and the evident equilibrium of the
+universe. It yields nothing to importunities or threats, can be
+neither coaxed nor bribed by offerings to abate or alter one jot or
+tittle of its inexorable course. Am I told that Buḍḍhist laymen
+display vanity in their worship and ostentation in their almsgiving;
+that they are fostering sects as bitterly as Hinḍūs? So much the
+worse for the laymen: there is the example of Buḍḍha and his
+Law. Am I told that Buḍḍhist priests are ignorant, idle
+fosterers of superstitions grafted on their religion by foreign kings?
+So much the worse for the priests: the life of their Divine Master
+shames them and shows their unworthiness to wear his yellow robe or
+carry his beggar's bowl. There is the Law--immutable--menacing; it
+will find them out and punish.
+
+And what shall we say to those of another caste of character--the
+humble-minded, charitable, tolerant, religiously aspiring hearts among
+the laity, and the unselfish, pure and learned of the priests who know
+the Precepts and keep them? The Law will find them out also; and when
+the book of each life is written up and the balance struck, every good
+thought or deed will be found entered in its proper place. Not one
+blessing that ever followed them from grateful lips throughout their
+earthly pilgrimage will be found to have been lost; but each will help
+to ease their way as they move from stage to stage of Being
+
+     UNTO NIRVĀṆA WHERE THE SILENCE LIVES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE ADYAR PAMPHLETS
+
+Vol. IX.
+
+
+97.   Occultism.                                  Annie Besant
+
+98.   Brotherhood.                                Dr. Th. Pascal
+
+99.   Life After Death.                           Annie Besant
+
+100.  Difficulties in Clairvoyance.               C. W. Leadbeater
+
+101.  Is Belief in the Masters Superstitious
+          or Harmful?                             Annie Besant
+
+102.  The Case for Reincarnation.                 B. Douglas Fawcett
+
+103.  Memory.                                     Annie Besant
+
+104.  Spiritualism and Theosophy.                 H. S. Olcott
+
+105.  The Kabalah and the Kabalists.              H. P. Blavatsky
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Annual Subscription: Re. 1-8 or 2s. or 50c.   _Postage Free_.
+
+Single Copy: As. 2 or 2d, or 4c.              _Postage Extra_.
+
+
+Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Life of Buddha and Its Lessons, by H.S. Olcott
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE OF BUDDHA AND ITS LESSONS ***
+
+***** This file should be named 18194-0.txt or 18194-0.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/1/9/18194/
+
+Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Sankar Viswanathan,
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.