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+Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 4, by William Curtis
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 4
+       Or, Flower-Garden Displayed
+
+Author: William Curtis
+
+Release Date: March 14, 2006 [EBook #17979]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 4 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by University of Georgia Libraries, Jason Isbell,
+Janet Blenkinship and the Online Distributed Proofreaders
+Europe at http://dp.rastko.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+
+  ~Botanical Magazine;~
+
+  OR,
+
+  ~Flower-Garden Displayed:~
+
+
+  IN WHICH
+
+  The most Ornamental FOREIGN PLANTS, cultivated in the Open
+  Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are accurately represented in
+  their natural Colours.
+
+  TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
+
+  Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according to
+  the celebrated LINNÆUS; their Places of Growth, and Times of
+  Flowering:
+
+  TOGETHER WITH
+
+  THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.
+
+  A WORK
+
+  Intended for the Use of such LADIES, GENTLEMEN, and
+  GARDENERS, as wish to become scientifically acquainted with the
+  Plants they cultivate.
+
+  By _WILLIAM CURTIS_,
+
+  Author of the FLORA LONDINENSIS.
+
+  ~VOL. IV.~
+
+  Observe the rising Lily's snowy grace,
+  Observe the various vegetable race;
+  They neither toil nor spin, but careless grow,
+  Yet see how warm they blush! how bright they glow!
+  What regal vestments can with them compare!
+  What king so shining, or what queen so fair.
+                                         THOMSON.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+
+  Printed by COUCHMAN and FRY, Throgmorton-Street. For
+
+  W. CURTIS, No 3, _St. George's-Crescent_, Black-Friars-Road; And Sold by
+
+  the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.
+
+  M DCC XCI.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[109]
+
+LAVATERA TRIMESTRIS. ANNUAL LAVATERA.
+
+_Class and Order_.
+
+MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ duplex: exterior 3-fidus. _Arilli_ plurimi, monospermi.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+
+LAVATERA _trimestris_ caule scabro herbaceo, foliis glabris, pedunculis
+      unifloris, fructibus orbiculo tectis. _Linn. Sp. Pl. 974._ _Hort.
+      Kew. v. 2. p. 452._
+
+LAVATERA _(althææfolia)_ foliis infimis cordato-orbiculatis, caulinis
+      trilobis acuminatis glabris, pedunculis unifloris, caule herbaceo.
+      _Miller's Gard. Dict. ed. 6. 4to._
+
+MALVA folio vario. _Bauh. Pin. 315._
+
+MALVA Hispanica flore carneo amplo.
+
+The Spanish blush Mallow. _Park. Parad. p. 366._
+
+[Illustration: No 109]
+
+Our plant is undoubtedly the _Spanish blush Mallow_ of
+PARKINSON, and the _Lavatera althææfolia_ of MILLER
+according to the former, it is a native of Spain, according to the
+latter, of Syria.
+
+Mr. MILLER considers it as distinct from the _trimestris_; Mr.
+AITON has no _althææfolia_ in his _Hort. Kew._ we are therefore
+to conclude that the _althææfolia_ of MILLER, and the _trimestris_
+of LINNÆUS are one and the same species.
+
+Of the annuals commonly raised in our gardens, this is one of the most
+shewy, as well as the most easily cultivated; its seeds are to be sown
+in March, on the borders where they are to remain, the plants, thinned
+as they come up, and kept clear of weeds.
+
+It varies with white blossoms, and flowers from July to September.
+
+
+
+
+[110]
+
+MIMOSA VERTICILLATA. WHORL'D-LEAV'D MIMOSA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYGAMIA MONOECIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+HERMAPHROD. _Cal._ 5-dentatus. _Cor._ 5-fida. _Stam._ 5. f. plura.
+      _Pist._ 1. _Legumen._
+
+MASC. _Cal._ 5-dentatus. _Cor._ 5-fida. _Stam._ 5. 10. plura.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+MIMOSA _verticillata_ intermis, foliis verticillatis linearibus
+      pungentibus. _L'Herit. fert. angl. t. 41._ _Hort. Kew. p. 438._
+
+[Illustration: No 110]
+
+The radical leaves of plants usually differ in shape from those of the
+stalk, in some plants remarkably so; the _Lepidium perfoliatum_ figured
+in the _Flora Austriaca_ of Professor JACQUIN is a striking
+instance of this dissimilarity: the _Lathyrus Aphaca_, a British plant,
+figured in the _Flora Lond._ is still more such, as large entire
+leaf-like stipulæ grow in pairs on the stalk, instead of leaves, while
+the true leaves next the root, visible when the plant first comes up
+from seed, are few in number, and those pinnated. The present plant no
+less admirably illustrates the above remark, the leaves which first
+appear on the seedling plants being pinnated, as is represented in the
+small figure on the plate, while those which afterwards come forth grow
+in whorls. We have observed the same disposition to produce dissimilar
+leaves in several other species of _Mimosa_, which have arisen from
+Botany-Bay seeds, lately introduced.
+
+This singular species, on the authority of Mr. DAVID NELSON, is
+a native of New South Wales, and was introduced to the royal garden at
+Kew by Sir JOSEPH BANKS, Bart.
+
+We first saw it in flower, and have since seen it with ripe seed-pods,
+at Mr. MALCOLM's, Kennington.
+
+It is properly a green-house plant, and propagated only by seeds, which
+are to be sown on a gentle hot-bed.
+
+It is some years in arriving at its flowering state.
+
+
+
+
+[111]
+
+LATHYRUS TUBEROSUS. TUBEROUS LATHYRUS, or PEASE
+EARTH-NUT.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Stylus_ planus, supra villosus, superne latior. _Cal._ laciniæ
+      superiores 2 breviores.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LATHYRUS _tuberosus_ pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis diphyllis: foliolis
+      ovalibus, internodiis nudis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr.
+      p. 663._
+
+LATHYRUS arvensis repens tuberosus. _Bauh. Pin. 344._
+
+LATHYRUS arvensis sive terræ glandes. Pease Earth-Nuts. _Parkins. Theat.
+      p. 1061._
+
+[Illustration: No 111]
+
+Grows spontaneously in various parts of France and Germany; Mr.
+PHILIP HURLOCK lately shewed me some dried specimens of this
+plant, which he gathered in the corn fields, on the _Luneburgh Heide_,
+in _Upper Lusatia_, where it grew plentifully, and afforded a pleasing
+appearance to the curious traveller:--not so to the husbandman, to whom
+it is as noxious as the _Convolvulus arvensis_ (_small Bindweed_) is
+with us, and equally difficult to extirpate, having powerfully creeping
+roots, which somewhat like the _Helianthus tuberosus_ (commonly called
+_Jerusalem Artichoke_) produce large tubera, and which like those of
+that plant, are in high esteem with some as an article of food, and as
+such even cultivated abroad.
+
+It flowers from June to the end of August. It is certainly a beautiful
+hardy perennial, similar to (but of more humble growth) than the
+everlasting pea, yet must be cautiously introduced on account of its
+creeping roots, by which it is most readily propagated, rarely ripening
+its seeds with us.
+
+It is, perhaps, better suited to decorate the unclip'd hedge of the
+pleasure-ground, than the border of the flower-garden.
+
+
+
+
+[112]
+
+CISTUS LADANIFERUS. GUM CISTUS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYANDRIA MONOGNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ 5-petala. _Calyx_ 5-phyllus: foliolis duobus minoribus.
+      _Capsula_.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+CISTUS _ladaniferus_ arborescens ex stipulatus, foliis lanceolatis supra
+      lævibus, petiolis basi coalitis vaginantibus. _Linn. Syst.
+      Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 497._
+
+CISTUS ladanifera Hispanica incana. _Bauh. Pin. 467._
+
+CISTUS Ledon. The Gum Cistus or Sweete Holly Rose. _Park. Parad. p.
+      422._
+
+[Illustration: No 112]
+
+One of the most ornamental hardy shrubs we possess; at once pleasing to
+the eye, and grateful to the smell; for, as MILLER observes,
+the whole plant in warm weather exudes a sweet glutinous substance,
+which has a very strong balsamic scent, so as to perfume the
+circumambient air to a great distance.
+
+Its blossoms, which appear in June and July in great profusion, exhibit
+a remarkable instance of quickly-fading beauty, opening and expanding to
+the morning sun, and before night strewing the ground with their elegant
+remains: as each succeeding day produces new blossoms, this deciduous
+disposition of the petals, common to the genus, is the less to be
+regretted.
+
+Is a native of Spain and Portugal, prefers a dry soil and warm sheltered
+situation, and in very severe seasons requires some kind of covering.
+
+Cultivated 1656, by Mr. JOHN TRADESCANT, jun. _Ait. Hort. Kew._
+
+Is readily increased from cuttings; but MILLER remarks, that
+the best plants are raised from seeds.
+
+Varies with waved leaves, and in having petals without a spot at the
+base.
+
+Is not the plant from whence the Ladanum of the shops is produced,
+though affording in warmer countries than ours a similar gum, hence its
+name of _ladanifera_ is not strictly proper.
+
+
+
+
+[113]
+
+CONVOLVULUS PURPUREUS. PURPLE BINDWEED, or CONVOLVULUS
+MAJOR.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ campanulata, plicata. _Stigmata_ 2. _Capsula_ 2-locularis;
+      loculis dispermis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+CONVOLVULUS _purpureus_ foliis cordatis indivisis, fructibus cernuis,
+      pedicellis incrassatis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p.
+      200._
+
+CONVOLVULUS purpureus folio subrotundo. _Bauh. Pin. 295._
+
+CONVOLVULUS cæruleus major rotundifolius. The greater blew Bindweede or
+      Bell-flower with round leaves. _Park. Parad. p. 358._
+
+[Illustration: No 113]
+
+"Is an annual plant which grows naturally in Asia and America, but has
+been long cultivated for ornament in the English gardens, and is
+generally known by the title of Convolvulus major. Of this there are
+three or four lasting varieties; the most common hath a purple flower,
+but there is one with a white, another with a red, and one with a
+whitish-blue flower, which hath white seeds. All these varieties I have
+cultivated many years, without observing them to change. If the seeds of
+these sorts are sown in the spring, upon a warm border where the plants
+are designed to remain, they will require no other culture but to keep
+them clear from weeds, and place some tall stakes down by them, for
+their stalks to twine about, otherwise they will spread on the ground
+and make a bad appearance. These plants, if they are properly supported,
+will rise ten or twelve feet high in warm Summers: they flower in June,
+July, and August, and will continue till the frost kills them. Their
+seeds ripen in Autumn." _Miller's Gard. Dict. ed. 4to. 1771._
+
+
+
+
+[114]
+
+SILENE PENDULA. PENDULOUS CATCHFLY.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Calyx ventricosus. Petala 5, unguiculata coronata ad faucem, Capsula
+      3-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SILENE _pendula_ calycibus fructiferis pendulis inflatis: angulis decem
+      scabris. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 421._
+
+VISCAGO hirsuta sicula, lychnidis aquaticæ facie, supina. _Dill. Hort.
+      Elth. 421. t. 312. f. 404._
+
+[Illustration: No 114]
+
+Grows spontaneously in Sicily and Crete; is an annual of humble growth,
+and hence a suitable plant for the borders of the flower garden, or the
+decoration of Rock-work, as its blossoms are shewy, and not of very
+short duration.
+
+It flowers in June and July, and if once permitted to scatter its seeds,
+will come up yearly without any trouble.
+
+
+
+
+[115]
+
+LATHYRUS SATIVUS. BLUE-FLOWER'D LATHYRUS, or
+CHICHLING-VETCH.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Stylus_ planus, supra villosus, superne latior. _Calycis_ laciniæ
+      superiores 2 breviores.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LATHYRUS _sativus_ pedunculis unifloris, cirrhis diphyllis
+      tetraphyllisque, leguminibus ovatis compressis dorso bimarginatis.
+      _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 662._
+
+LATHYRUS sativus, flore fructusque albo. _Bauh. Pin. 343._
+
+[Illustration: No 115]
+
+A native of France, Spain, and Italy, and distinguishable when in flower
+by the blue colour of its blossoms, which are sometimes, however,
+milk-white; but its seed-pods afford a more certain mark of distinction,
+being unusually short, broad, and winged on the back.
+
+This species grows to the height of about two feet, and is usually sown
+in the spring with other annuals; though not so beautiful, it forms a
+contrast to the sweet and Tangier Pea, and may be introduced where there
+is plenty of room, or a desire of possessing and knowing most of the
+plants of a genus.
+
+It flowers in June and July.
+
+Cultivated 1739, by Mr. PHILIP MILLER. _Ait. Hort. Kew._
+
+
+
+
+[116]
+
+LIMODORUM TUBEROSUM. TUBEROUS-ROOTED LIMODORUM.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Nectarium monophyllum, concavum, pedicellatum, intra petalum infimum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LIMODORUM _tuberosum_ floribus subspicatis barbatis. _Ait. Hort. Kew. p.
+      301._
+
+[Illustration: No 116]
+
+For this rare plant I am indebted to the very laudable exertions of a
+late Gardener of mine, JAMES SMITH, who, in the spring of the
+year 1788, examining attentively the bog earth which had been brought
+over with some plants of the _Dionæa Muscipula_, found several small
+tooth-like knobby roots, which being placed in pots of the same earth,
+and plunged into a tan-pit having a gentle heat, produced plants the
+ensuing summer, two of which flowered, and from the strongest of those
+our figure was taken.
+
+From this circumstance we learn, that this species is a native of South
+Carolina, and properly a bog plant, growing spontaneously with the
+_Dionæa Muscipula_.
+
+Both Mr. DRYANDER and Dr. J. E. SMITH assure me, that
+it is the true _Limodorum tuberosum_ of LINNÆUS; the one
+usually called by that name is a native of the West-Indies, and treated
+as a stove plant.
+
+From the little experience we have had of the management of this
+species, it appears to us to be scarcely hardy enough for the open
+border, yet not tender enough to require a stove. We have succeeded best
+by treating it in the manner above mentioned; we may observe, that the
+tan-pit spoken of was built in the open garden, not in a stove, and was
+for the purpose of raising plants or seeds by a gentle heat, as well as
+for striking cuttings and securing plants from cold in the winter.
+
+Our figure will make a description of the plant unnecessary, its
+flowering stem with us has arisen to the height of a foot and a half,
+the number of flowers has not exceeded five. In its most luxuriant state
+it will probably be found much larger, and to produce more flowers.
+
+
+
+
+[117]
+
+CAMPANULA CARPATICA. CARPATIAN BELL-FLOWER.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ campanulata fundo clauso valvis staminiferis. _Stigma_
+      trifidum. _Capsula_ infera poris lateralibus dehiscens.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+CAMPANULA _carpatica_ foliis glabris cordatis serratis petiolatis,
+      pedunculis elongatis, calyce reflexo glutinoso. _Linn. Syst.
+      Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 207. Suppl. p. 140._ _Jacq. Hort. v.
+      i. t. 57._
+
+[Illustration: No 117]
+
+This species of Bell-flower, which takes its name from its place of
+growth, is a native of the Carpatian Alps, and was introduced into the
+Royal Garden at Kew, by _Professor_ JACQUIN, of _Vienna_, in
+the year 1774.
+
+It flowers in June and July.
+
+As yet it is scarce in our gardens, but deserves to be more generally
+known and cultivated; its flowers, in proportion to the plant, are large
+and shewy: like many other Alpine plants, it is well suited to decorate
+certain parts of rock-work, or such borders of the flower garden, as are
+not adapted for large plants.
+
+It is a hardy perennial, and propagated by parting its roots in autumn.
+
+Our figure, from a deficiency in the colouring art, gives a very
+inadequate idea of its beauty.
+
+
+
+
+[118]
+
+SEDUM ANACAMPSEROS. EVERGREEN ORPINE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 5-fidus. _Cor._ 5-petala. _Squamæ_ nectariferæ 5, ad basin
+      germinis. _Caps._ 5.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SEDUM _Anacampseros_ foliis cuneiformibus basi attenuatis subsessilibus,
+      caulibus decumbentibus, floribus corymbosis. _Ait. Hort. Kew. p.
+      108._
+
+SEDUM _Anacampseros_ foliis cuneiformibus integerrimis caulibus
+      decumbemtibus, floribus corymbosis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed.
+      Murr. p. 430._
+
+TELEPHIUM repens folio deciduo. _Bauh. Pin. 287._
+
+TELEPHIUM tertium. _Dodon. Pempt. p. 130._
+
+[Illustration: No 118]
+
+Grows spontaneously out of the crevices of the rocks in the South of
+France; flowers in our gardens in July and August; is a very hardy
+perennial, and in sheltered situations retains its leaves all the year.
+
+The singular manner in which the leaves are attached to the flowering
+stem, deserves to be noticed.
+
+As many of the succulent plants are tender, and require a Green-house in
+the winter, cultivators of plants are apt indiscriminately to extend the
+same kind of care to the whole tribe, hence it is not uncommon to find
+this and many other similar hardy plants, nursed up in the Green-house
+or stove, when they would thrive much better on a wall or piece of
+rock-work, for the decoration of which this plant in particular is
+admirably adapted.
+
+Like most of the Sedum tribe it may readily be propagated by cuttings,
+or parting its roots in autumn.
+
+DODONÆUS' figure admirably represents its habit.
+
+According to the _Hort. Kew._ it was cultivated in this country by
+GERARD, in 1596.
+
+
++------------------------------------------------------+
+|Transcriber's Note:                                   |
+|There is a departure from the usual format here with  |
+|STRELITZIA REGINÆ having two illustrations, No 119 and|
+|No 120, thus creating a gap in the sequence.          |
++------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+[119]
+
+STRELITZIA REGINÆ. CANNA-LEAVED STRELITZIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Spathæ. Cal._ 0. _Cor._ 3-petala. _Nectarium_ triphyllum, genitalia
+      involvens. _Peric._ 3-loculare, polyspermum.
+
+STRELITZIA _Reginæ Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i. p. 285. Tab. 2._
+
+HELICONIA _Bibai J. Mill. ic. tab. 5, 6._
+
+[Illustration: No 119]
+
+In order that we may give our readers an opportunity of seeing a
+coloured representation of one of the most scarce and magnificent plants
+introduced into this country, we have this number deviated from our
+usual plan, with respect to the plates, and though in so doing we shall
+have the pleasure of gratifying the warm wishes of many of our readers,
+we are not without our apprehensions least others may not feel perfectly
+well satisfied; should it prove so, we wish such to rest assured that
+this is a deviation in which we shall very rarely indulge and never but
+when something uncommonly beautiful or interesting presents itself: to
+avoid the imputation of interested motives, we wish our readers to be
+apprized that the expences attendant on the present number, in
+consequence of such deviation, have been considerably _augmented_, not
+lowered.
+
+It is well known to many Botanists, and others, who have experienced Sir
+JOSEPH BANKS's well known liberality, that previous to the publication
+of the _Hortus Kewensis_ he made a new genus of this plant, which had
+before been considered as a species of _Heliconia_, and named it
+_Strelitzia_ in honour of our most gracious Queen CHARLOTTE; coloured
+engravings of which, executed under his direction, he presented to his
+particular friends; impressions of the same plate have been given in the
+aforesaid work, in which we are informed that this plant was introduced
+to the royal garden at Kew, by Sir JOSEPH BANKS, Bart. in the year 1773,
+where it lately flowered--of some other plants introduced after that
+period from the Cape, of which it is a native, one flowered in the Pine
+stove of BAMBER GASCOYNE, Esq. several years ago, from whence Mr. MILLAR
+drew his figure, and the plant from which our drawing was made flowered
+this spring, in the bark stove of the garden belonging to the
+Apothecaries Company, at Chelsea, where it will also soon flower again.
+
+This plant has usually been confined to the stove, where it has been
+placed in a pot, and plunged into the tan, as the plants in such
+situations usually are; it has been found that when the roots have been
+confined to the narrow limits of a pot, the plant has rarely or never
+flowered, but that when the roots have by accident extended into the
+rotten tan, it has readily thrown up flowering stems, the best practice
+therefore, not only with this, but many other plants, is to let the
+roots have plenty of earth to strike into. As it is a Cape plant it may
+perhaps be found to succeed best in the conservatory.
+
+It has not, that we know of, as yet ripened its seeds in this country;
+till it does, or good seeds of it shall be imported, it must remain a
+very scarce and dear plant, as it is found to increase very slowly by
+its roots: plants are said to be sold at the Cape for Three Guineas
+each.
+
+_General Description of the STRELITZIA REGINÆ._
+
+[Illustration: No 120]
+
+From a perennial stringy root shoot forth a considerable number of
+leaves, standing upright on long footstalks, front a sheath of some one
+of which, near its base, springs the flowering stem, arising somewhat
+higher than the leaves, and terminating in an almost horizontal
+long-pointed spatha, containing about six or eight flowers, which
+becoming vertical as they spring forth, form a kind of crest, which the
+glowing orange of the Corolla, and fine azure of the Nectary, renders
+truly superb. The outline in the third plate of this number, is intended
+to give our readers an idea of its general habit and mode of growth.
+
+_Particular Description of the same._
+
+ROOT perennial, stringy, somewhat like that of the tawny Day-lily
+      (Hemerocallis fulva); strings the thickness of the little finger,
+      blunt at the extremity, extending horizontally, if not confined,
+      to the distance of many feet.
+
+LEAVES numerous, standing upright on their footstalks, about a foot in
+      length, and four inches in breadth, ovato-oblong, coriaceous,
+      somewhat fleshy, rigid, smooth, concave, entire on the edges,
+      except on one side towards the base, where they are more or less
+      curled, on the upper side of a deep green colour, on the under
+      side covered with a fine glaucous meal, midrib hollow above and
+      yellowish, veins unbranched, prominent on the inside, and
+      impressed on the outside of the leaf, young leaves rolled up.
+
+LEAF-STALKS about thrice the length of the leaves, upright, somewhat
+      flattened, at bottom furnished with a sheath, and received into
+      each other, all radical.
+
+SCAPUS or flowering stem unbranched, somewhat taller than the leaves,
+      proceeding from the sheath of one of them, upright, round, not
+      perfectly straight, nearly of an equal thickness throughout, of a
+      glaucous hue, covered with four or five sheaths which closely
+      embrace it. Two or more flowering stems spring from the same root,
+      according to the age of the plant.
+
+SPATHA terminal, about six inches in length, of a glaucous hue, with a
+      fine bright purple at its base, running out to a long point,
+      opening above from the base to within about an inch of the apex,
+      where the edges roll over to one side, forming an angle of about
+      forty-five degrees, and containing about six flowers.
+
+FLOWERS of a bright orange colour, becoming upright, when perfectly
+      detached from the spatha, which each flower is a considerable time
+      in accomplishing. In the plant at Chelsea, the two back petals,
+      or, more properly segments of the first flower, sprang forth with
+      the nectary, and while the former became immediately vertical, the
+      latter formed nearly the same angle as the spatha; four days
+      afterwards the remaining segment of the first flower, with the two
+      segments and nectary of the second came forth, and in the same
+      manner at similar intervals all the flowers, which were six in
+      number, continued to make their appearance.
+
+COROLLA deeply divided into three segments, which are ovato-lanceolate,
+      slightly keeled, and somewhat concave, at the base white, fleshy,
+      and covered with a glutinous substance flowing in great quantities
+      from the nectary.
+
+NECTARY of a fine azure blue and most singular form, composed of two
+      petals, the upper petal very short and broad, with a whitish mucro
+      or point, the sides of which lap over the base of the other petal;
+      inferior petal about two inches and a half in length, the lower
+      half somewhat triangular, grooved on the two lowermost sides, and
+      keeled at bottom, the keel running straight to its extremity, the
+      upper half gradually dilating towards the base, runs out into two
+      lobes more or less obtuse, which give it an arrow-shaped form,
+      bifid at the apex, hollow, and containing the antheræ, the edges
+      of the duplicature crisped and forming a kind of frill from the
+      top to the bottom.
+
+STAMINA five Filaments arising from the base of the nectary, short and
+      distinct; Antheræ long and linear, attached to and cohering by
+      their tips to the apex of the nectary.
+
+STYLE filiform, white, length of the nectary.
+
+STIGMA three quarters of an inch long, attached to, and hitched on as it
+      were to the tip of the nectary, roundish, white, awl-shaped, very
+      viscid, becoming as the flower decays of a deep purple brown
+      colour, and usually splitting into three pieces, continuing
+      attached to the nectary till the nectary decays.
+
+Mr. FAIRBAIRN, to whose abilities and industry the Companies
+Garden at Chelsea is indebted for its present flourishing state, being
+desirous of obtaining ripe seeds, I had no opportunity of examining the
+germen.
+
+Such were the appearances which presented themselves to us in the plant
+which flowered at the Chelsea Garden; that they are liable to
+considerable variation is apparent from the figure of Mr.
+MILLAR, which appears to have been drawn from a very luxuriant
+specimen, as two spathæ grow from one flowering stem, the stigma is also
+remarkably convoluted, many other appearances are likewise represented,
+which our plant did not exhibit: in the figure given in the _Hortus
+Kewensis_, the stigma appears to have separated from the nectary on the
+first opening of the flower, and to be split into three parts, neither
+of which circumstances took place in our plant till they were both in a
+decaying state.
+
+
+
+
+[121]
+
+NARCISSUS INCOMPARABILIS. PEERLESS DAFFODIL.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Petala_ 6 æqualia: _Nectario_ infundibuliformi, 1-phyllo: _Stamina_
+      intra nectarium.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+NARCISSUS _incomparabilis_ spatha uniflora, nectario campanulato plicato
+      crispo petalis dimidio breviore, foliis planis.
+
+NARCISSUS latifolius omnium maximus amplo calice flavo sive Nompareille.
+      The great Nonesuch Daffodil, or incomparable Daffodil. _Park. Par.
+      p. 68._
+
+[Illustration: No 121]
+
+This species of Narcissus, though well described and figured by the old
+Botanists, especially PARKINSON; has been overlooked by
+LINNÆUS.
+
+It is undoubtedly the _incomparable Daffodil_ of
+PARKINSON, figured in his Garden of Pleasant Flowers; and the
+_incomparabilis_ of MILLER's _Dict. ed. 6. 4to._ the latter
+informs us, that he received roots of it from Spain and Portugal, which
+fixes its place of growth.
+
+It is a very hardy bulbous plant, and flowers in April; in its single
+state it is very ornamental, the petals are usually pale yellow, and the
+nectary inclined to orange, which towards the brim is more brilliant in
+some than in others; in its double state, it is well known to Gardeners,
+by the name of Butter and Egg Narcissus, and of this there are two
+varieties, both of which produce large shewy flowers, the one with
+colours similar to what we have above described, which is the most
+common, the other with petals of a pale sulphur colour, almost white,
+and the nectary bright orange; this, which is one of the most ornamental
+of the whole tribe, is named in the Dutch catalogues, the _Orange
+Phoenix_; its blossoms are so large as frequently to require
+supporting; its bulbs may be had of many of the Nurseries about London,
+and of those who, profiting by the supineness of our English Gardeners,
+import bulbs from abroad.
+
+Like most of the tribe, this species will grow well without any care,
+the bulbs of the double sort should be taken up yearly, otherwise they
+are apt to degenerate.
+
+
+
+
+[122]
+
+HYACINTHUS RACEMOSUS. STARCH HYACINTH.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Corolla campanulata: pori 3 melliferi germinis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+HYACINTHUS _racemosus_ corollis ovatis, summis sessilibus, foliis laxis.
+      _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 336._ _Sp. Pl. 455._
+
+HYACINTHUS racemosus cæruleus minor juncifolius. _Bauh. Pin. p. 43._
+
+HYACINTHUS botryodes 1. _Car Clus. Hist. p. 181._
+
+HYACINTHUS racemosus. _Dodon. Pempt. p. 217._
+
+HYACINTHUS botroides minor cæruleus obscurus. The darke blew
+      Grape-flower. _Park. Par. p. 114._
+
+[Illustration: No 122]
+
+The _Hyacinthus racemosus_ and _botryoides_ are both cultivated in
+gardens, but the former here figured is by far the most common;
+_racemosus_ and _botryoides_, though different words, are expressive of
+the same meaning, the former being derived from the Latin term
+_racemus_, the latter from the Greek one [Greek: votrus], both of which
+signify a bunch of grapes, the form of which the inflorescence of these
+plants somewhat resembles, and hence they have both been called Grape
+Hyacinths, but as confusion thereby arises, we have thought it better to
+call this species the Starch Hyacinth, the smell of the flower in the
+general opinion resembling that substance, and leave the name of Grape
+Hyacinth for the _botryoides_.
+
+The _Hyacinthus racemosus_ grows wild in the corn fields of Germany, in
+which it increases so fast by offsets from the root as to prove a very
+troublesome weed, and on this account it must be cautiously introduced
+into gardens.
+
+It flowers in April and May.
+
+We have found the Nurserymen very apt to mistake it for the
+_botryoides_, a figure of which it is our intention to give in some
+future number.
+
+
+
+
+[123]
+
+ANEMONE HORTENSIS. STAR ANEMONE, or BROAD-LEAV'D GARDEN
+ANEMONE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Cal. 0. Petala 5-9. Semina plura.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ANEMONE _hortensis_ foliis digitalis, feminibus lanatis. _Linn. Syst.
+      Vegetab. ed Murr. p. 510._ _Ait. Hort. Kew. vol. 2. p. 256._
+
+ANEMONE Geranii rotundo folio, purpurascens. _Bauh. Pin. 173._
+
+ANEMONE prima. _Dodon. Pempt. 434._
+
+ANEMONE latifolia purpurea stellata sive papaveracea. The purple
+      Star-Anemone or Windflower. _Park. Parad. p. 204._
+
+[Illustration: No 123]
+
+We are more and more convinced, that in our eagerness, for novelties, we
+daily lose plants by far more ornamental than the new ones we introduce;
+the present, a most charming spring plant, with which the Gardens
+abounded in the time of PARKINSON, is now a great rarity; its
+blossoms, which are uncommonly brilliant, come forth in April, and, like
+those of many other plants, appear to advantage only when the sun
+shines.
+
+It may be propagated either by seeds, or by parting its roots in Autumn,
+in the former way we may obtain many beautiful varieties.
+
+It prefers a light loamy soil and moderately exposed situation.
+
+Roots of a variety of this plant with scarlet double flowers are
+imported from Holland, under the name, of _Anemonoides_, and sold at a
+high price.
+
+
+
+
+[124]
+
+IBERIS GIBRALTARICA. GIBRALTAR CANDY-TUFT.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ irregularis: Petalis 2 exterioribus majoribus. _Silicula_
+polysperma, emarginata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+IBERIS _Gibraltarica_ frutescens foliis apice dentatis. _Linn. Syst.
+      Veg. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 589._
+
+THLASPIDIUM Hispanicum, ampliore flore folio crasso dentato. _Dill.
+      Elth. 382. t. 287. f. 37._
+
+[Illustration: No 124]
+
+The flowers of this plant, a native of Gibraltar, bear some resemblance
+to those of the Common Candy-Tuft, but when they blow in perfection,
+they are usually twice as large; hence they are highly ornamental in the
+green-house, which early in the Spring, the time of their coming forth,
+stands in need of some such shewy flowers.
+
+This plant is easily raised from cuttings, and easily preserved; it may
+be kept through the Winter in a common hot-bed frame, and in mild
+Winters will stand abroad, especially if sheltered amongst rock-work;
+its greatest enemy is moisture in the Winter season, this often proves
+fatal to it, as indeed a long continued damp atmosphere does to many
+others; the Nurserymen about London complain of losing more plants the
+last mild Winter, from this cause, than they generally do from severe
+frosts. In a little green-house which I had in my late garden,
+Lambeth-Marsh, most of the plants became absolutely mouldy; in such
+seasons then, though in point of cold the plants may not require it, we
+must dissipate the superfluous moisture by a gentle heat.
+
+
+
+
+[125]
+
+ALSTROEMERIA LIGTU. STRIPED-FLOWER'D ALSTROEMERIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ 6-petala, sub-bilabiata: petalis 2 inferioribus basi
+tubulosis. _Stamina_ declinata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ALSTROEMERIA _Ligtu_ caule erecto, foliis spathulato-oblongis,
+      pedunculis umbellæ involucro longioribus, corolla bilabiata.
+      _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. Suppl. p. 207._ _Amoen.
+      Acad. V. 6. p. 247._
+
+HEMEROCALLIS floribus purpurascentibus striatis. _Few. Peruv. 2. p. 710.
+      t. 4._
+
+[Illustration: No 125]
+
+This plant receives its generic name from CLAUDIUS ALSTROEMER (son of
+Sir JONAS ALSTROEMER, a most respectable Swedish Merchant) who first
+found the other most beautiful species the _Pelegrina_ in Spain, whither
+it had been transmitted from Peru; its trivial name _Ligtu_ is a
+provincial one.
+
+According to FEWILLEE, who has written on the plants of Peru, this
+species is found on the banks of the rivers in Chili: we treat it,
+and successfully, as a stove plant; its flowers, which usually make
+their appearance in February and March, emit a fragrance scarcely
+inferior to Mignonet; its leaves, contrary to most others, grow
+inverted, which is effected by a twist of the footstalk, and afford an
+excellent example of LINNÆUS's _Folium resupinatum_; the filaments,
+after the pollen is discharged, turn upwards, and the antheræ become
+almost globular.
+
+It is usually propagated by parting its roots in Autumn.
+
+Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered extremely well in the
+stove of Messrs. GRIMWOOD and Co. Kensington.
+
+
+
+
+[126]
+
+ALYSSUM DELTOIDEUM. PURPLE ALYSSUM.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Filamenta_ quædam introrsum denticulo notata. _Silicula_ emarginata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ALYSSUM _deltoideum_ caulibus suffrutescentibus prostratis, foliis
+      lanceolato-deltoidibus, siliculis hirtis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p.
+      591._ _Sp. Pl. 908._
+
+LEUCOJUM saxatile thymifolio hirsutum cæruleo-purpureum. _Bauh. Pin.
+      201._
+
+[Illustration: No 126]
+
+Plants which flower early, and continue a long while in bloom, are
+deservedly preferred, more especially by those who content themselves
+with a partial collection; of that number is the present species of
+Alyssum, which begins to flower in March, and continues to blossom
+through April, May, and June, and, if favourably situated, during most
+of the summer.
+
+It is properly a rock plant, being hardy, forming with very little care
+a neat tuft of flowers, and not apt to encroach on its neighbours.
+
+May be propagated by parting its roots in Autumn, or by cuttings.
+
+Is a native of the Levant, according to Mr. AITON; and
+cultivated by Mr. MILLER, in 1739, but omitted in the 6th 4to.
+edition of his Dictionary: has usually been considered by the Nurserymen
+about London as the _hyperboreum_.
+
+
+
+
+[127]
+
+IXIA FLEXUOSA. BENDING-STALK'D IXIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cor._ 6-partita, campanulata, regularis. _Stigmata_ 3.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+IXIA _flexuosa_ foliis linearibus, racemo flexuoso multifloro. _Linn.
+      Sp. Pl. p. 51._ _Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 58._
+
+[Illustration: No 127]
+
+The Ixias are a numerous tribe, chiefly natives of the Cape, and in
+general remarkable either for their delicacy, or brilliant colours.
+
+The one here figured appears to be a variety of the _flexuosa_ with a
+purple eye, its blossoms are fragrant, and come forth in April or May.
+
+"All the sorts multiply very fast by offsets, so that when once
+obtained, there will be no occasion to raise them from seeds: for the
+roots put out offsets in great plenty, most of which will flower the
+following season, whereas those from seeds are three or four years
+before they flower. These plants will not thrive through the winter in
+the full ground in England, so must be planted in pots, and placed under
+a frame in winter, where they may be protected from frost, but in mild
+weather should enjoy the free air; but they must be guarded from mice,
+who are very fond of these roots, and if not prevented will devour
+them." _Millers Gard. Dict._
+
+
+
+
+[128]
+
+SCILLA CAMPANULATA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cor._ 6-petala, patens, decidua. _Filamenta_ filiformia.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SCILLA _campanulata_ bulbo folido, racemo multifloro oblongo-subconico,
+      corollis campanulatis erectis, bracteis bipartitis, pedunculo
+      longioribus, foliis lanceolatis. _Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 444._
+
+HYACINTHUS Hispanicus major flore campanulæ instar.
+
+The greater Spanish bell-flowred Jacinth. _Park. Par. 123._
+
+[Illustration: No 128]
+
+There are few old gardens which do not abound with this plant; it bears
+great affinity to our Hare-bell, with which it appears to have been
+confounded by most Botanists. _Parkinson_ thus discriminates it: "This
+Spanish bell-flowred Jacinth is very like the former English or Spanish
+Jacinth, but greater in all parts, as well of leaves as flowers, many
+growing together at the toppe of the stalke; with many short greene
+leaves among them, hanging doune their heads with larger, greater, and
+wider open mouths, like unto bels of a darke blew colour, and no good
+sent." _Park. Parad._
+
+Though not remarkable for the fineness of its colours, or pleasing from
+its fragrance, it contributes with other bulbous plants to decorate the
+flower border or plantation in the spring, when flowers are most wanted.
+
+It is very hardy, and increases abundantly by offsets; its seeds also
+ripen well.
+
+
+
+
+[129]
+
+AMARYLLIS VITTATA. SUPERB AMARYLLIS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ hexapetaloidea, irregularis. _Filamenta_ fauci tubi inserta,
+      declinata, inæqualia proportione vel directione, _Linn. fil._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+AMARYLLIS floribus pedicellatis, corollis
+      cuneiformi-infundibuliformibus, petalorum exteriorum rachibus
+      interiorum margini adnatis, scapo tereti, stigmatibus sulcatis.
+      _Linn. fil._
+
+AMARYLLIS _vittata._ _L'Herit. Sert. Angl. t. 15._ _Ait. Hort. Kew. p.
+      418._
+
+[Illustration: No 129]
+
+LINNÆUS, the Son, took much pains in new modelling the generic
+and specific characters of this genus; as may be seen in the _Hort.
+Kew_: Mons. L'HERITIER, when in England a few years since, saw
+this species, described and named it _Vittata_[1].
+
+Of what country it is a native is not known with certainty, most
+probably of the Cape, was first introduced into England by Mr.
+MALCOLM.
+
+Our figure was drawn from a fine specimen which flowered this spring
+with Messrs. GRIMWOOD and Co. Kensington.
+
+It usually flowers in April or May, but may be forwarded by artificial
+heat.
+
+It rarely puts forth offsets from the root, but readily produces seeds,
+by which it is propagated without difficulty.
+
+When it blossoms in perfection it truly deserves the name of superb,
+which Mr. AITON has given it, the stem rising to the height of
+three feet or more, and producing from two to five flowers.
+
+
+
+
+[130]
+
+ALYSSUM UTRICULATUM. BLADDER-PODDED ALYSSUM.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Filamenta_ quædam introrsum denticulo notata. _Silicula_ emarginata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ALYSSUM _utriculatum_ caule herbaceo erecto, foliis lævibus lanceolatis
+      integerrimis, filiculis inflatis. _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14.
+      Murr._
+
+ALYSSOIDES fruticosum, leucoji folio viridi. _Tourn. inst. 218._
+
+[Illustration: No 130]
+
+A native of the Levant, and cultivated by Mr. MILLER in the
+year 1739.
+
+Is a hardy and beautiful perennial, flowering from April to June, at
+which time it begins to form its curiously inflated pods.
+
+Like the _Alyssum deltoideum_, it is well adapted to the decorating of
+walls, or rock-work, and is readily propagated either by seeds or
+slips.
+
+
+
+
+[131]
+
+CATESBÆA SPINOSA. THORNY CATESBÆA, or LILY-THORN.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cor._ 1-petala, infundibuliformis, longissima, supera. Stamina intra
+faucem. _Bacca_ polysperma.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+CATESBÆA _spinosa._ _Linn. Syst. Vegetab, ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 152._ _Sp.
+      Pl. p. 159._ _Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 159._
+
+Frutex spinosus, buxi foliis plurimis simul nascentibus, flore
+      tetrapetaloide pendulo sordide flavo, tubo longissimo, fructu
+      ovali croceo semina parva continente. _Catesb. Carol. 2. p. 100.
+      t. 100._
+
+[Illustration: No 131]
+
+Of this genus there is only one species described by authors, and which
+LINNÆUS has named in honour of our countryman MARK CATESBY, Author of
+the Natural History of Carolina.
+
+"This shrub was discovered by Mr. CATESBY, near Nassau-town, in
+the Island of Providence, where he saw two of them growing, which were
+all he ever saw; from these he gathered the seeds and brought them to
+England.
+
+"It is propagated by seeds, which must be procured from the country
+where it naturally grows. If the entire fruit are brought over in sand,
+the seeds will be better preserved; the seeds must be sown in small pots
+filled with light sandy earth, and plunged into a moderate hot-bed of
+Tanner's-bark. If the seeds are good, the plants will appear in about
+six weeks; these plants make little progress for four or five years. If
+the nights should prove cold the glasses must be covered with mats every
+evening. As these plants grow slowly, so they will not require to be
+removed out of the seed-pots the first year, but in the Autumn the pots
+should be removed into the stove, and plunged into the tan-bed; in
+spring the plants should be carefully taken up, and each planted in a
+separate small pot, filled with light sandy earth, and plunged into a
+fresh hot-bed of Tanner's-bark. In Summer when the weather is warm, they
+should have a good share of air admitted to them, but in Autumn must be
+removed into the stove; where they should constantly remain, and must be
+treated afterwards in the same manner as other tender exotic plants."
+_Miller's Dict._
+
+It is more usual with Nurserymen to increase this plant by cuttings.
+
+Our drawing was made from a plant which flowered this Spring, with Mr.
+COLVILL, Nurseryman, King's-Road, Chelsea.
+
+It flowers most part of the Summer, but not so freely as many other
+stove-plants.
+
+
+
+
+[132]
+
+RUBUS ARCTICUS. DWARF BRAMBLE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 5-fidus. Petala 5. _Bacca_ composita acinis monospermis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+RUBUS _arcticus_ foliis ternatis, caule inermi unifloro. _Linn. Syst.
+      Vegetab. p. 476._
+
+RUBUS humilis flore purpureo. _Buxb. Cent. 5. p. 13. t. 26._
+
+RUBUS trifolius humilis non spinosus, sapore et odore fragariæ, fructu
+      rubro polycocco. _Amm. Ruth. 185._
+
+[Illustration: No 132]
+
+The Rubus arcticus grows wild in the northern parts of Europe and
+America, in moist, sandy, and gravelly places. LINNÆUS has
+figured and minutely described it in his _Flora Lapponica_, out of
+gratitude, as he expresses himself, for the benefits reaped from it in
+his Lapland journey, by the nectareous wine of whose berries he was so
+often recruited when sinking with hunger and fatigue; he observes that
+the principal people in the north of Sweden make a syrup, a jelly, and a
+wine, from the berries, which they partly consume themselves, and partly
+transmit to Stockholm, as a dainty of the most delicious kind; and truly
+he adds, of all the wild Swedish berries this holds the first place.
+
+Our figure does not correspond altogether with LINNÆUS's
+description, but it is drawn as the plant grew; culture doubtless made
+it produce more than its usual number of flowering stems and petals.
+
+It grows readily and increases rapidly in bog-earth, on a north border,
+and flowers in May and June, but very rarely ripens its fruit in
+Gardens.
+
+
+
+
+[133]
+
+HYACINTHUS COMOSUS. TWO COLOURED, or, TASSEL
+HYACINTH.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ campanulata: pori 3-melliferi germinis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+HYACINTHUS _comosus_ corollis angulato-cylindricis: summis sterilibus
+      longius pedicellatis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. 336._
+
+HYACINTHUS comosus major purpureus. _Bauh. Pin. 42._ The purple faire
+      haired Jacinth; or Purse tassels. _Park. Parad. p. 117._
+
+[Illustration: No 133]
+
+Most of the old Botanists arranged this plant, the _racemosus_, and
+others having almost globular flowers with the Hyacinths. TOURNEFORT,
+struck with the difference of their appearance, made a distinct genus of
+them under the name of _Muscari_, in which he is followed by MILLER, and
+should have been by LINNÆUS, for they differ so much that no student
+would consider the present plant as belonging to the same genus with the
+Hare-bell.
+
+This species grows wild in the corn-fields of Spain, Portugal, and some
+parts of Germany, and flowers in May and June.
+
+It is distinguished more by its singularity than beauty, the flowers on
+the summit of the stalk differing widely in colour from the others, and
+being mostly barren: PARKINSON says, "the whole stalke with the
+flowers upon it, doth somewhat resemble a long Purse tassell, and
+thereupon divers Gentlewomen have so named it."
+
+It is a hardy bulbous plant, growing readily in most soils and
+situations, and usually propagated by offsets.
+
+
+
+
+[134]
+
+ADONIS VERNALIS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 5-phyllus. _Petala_ quinis plura absque nectario. _Sem._ nuda.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ADONIS _vernalis_ flore dodecapetalo, fructu ovato. _Linn. Syst.
+      Vegetab. ed. Murr. p. 514._ _Ait. Hort. Kew. Vol. 2. p. 264._
+
+HELLEBORUS niger tenuifolius, Buphthalmi flore. _Bauh. Pin. 186._
+
+BUPHTHALMUM _Dodon. Pempt. 261._
+
+HELLEBORUS niger ferulaceus sive Buphthalmum. The great Ox-eye, or the
+      great yellow Anemone. _Parkins. Parad. p. 291. f. 6._
+
+[Illustration: No 134]
+
+Of this plant LINNÆUS makes two species, viz. the _vernalis_
+and _appennina_, differing in their specific character merely in the
+number of their petals, which are found to vary from situation and
+culture; as the first name taken from its time of flowering is the most
+expressive, we have followed Mr. MILLER and Mr. AITON in adopting it.
+
+It is an old inhabitant of the English gardens, and a most desirable
+one, as it flowers in the spring; produces fine shewy blossoms, which
+expand wide when exposed to the sun, is hardy and readily cultivated.
+
+Grows wild on the mountainous pastures of some parts of Germany.
+
+It may be increased by parting its roots in Autumn or Spring, or by
+seed. MILLER recommends the latter mode.
+
+
+
+
+[135]
+
+GLADIOLUS CARDINALIS. SUPERB GLADIOLUS; or, CORN-FLAG.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ 6-partita, irregularis, inæqualis, _Stigmata_ 3.
+
+_Specific Character._
+
+GLADIOLUS _cardinalis_ corollæ erectæ limbo campanulato, floribus
+      secundis, scapo multifloro, foliis ensiformibus multinerviis.
+
+[Illustration: No 135]
+
+This new species of Gladiolus, of whose magnificence our figure can
+exhibit but an imperfect idea, was introduced into this country from
+Holland, a few years since, by Mr. GRAFFER, at present Gardener to the
+King of Naples; and first flowered with Messrs. LEWIS and MACKIE,
+Nurserymen, at Kingsland; a very strong plant of it flowered also this
+summer at Messrs. GRIMWOODS and Co. which divided at top into three
+branches, from one of which our figure was drawn.
+
+It obviously differs from the other more tender plants of this genus, in
+the colour of its flowers, which are of a fine scarlet, with large white
+somewhat rhomboidal spots, on several of the lowermost divisions of the
+Corolla; strong plants will throw up a stem three or four feet high.
+
+It is most probably a native of the Cape, flowers with us in July and
+August, and is increased by offsets from the bulbs; must be treated like
+the Ixias and other similar Cape plants.
+
+
+
+
+[136]
+
+PELARGONIUM TETRAGONUM. SQUARE STALKED GERANIUM.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 5-partitus, lacinia suprema definente in tubulum capillarem,
+      nectariferum, secus pedunculum decurrentem. _Cor._ 5-petala,
+      irregularis. _Filamenta_ 10, inæqualia: quorum 3 (raro 5)
+      castrata. _Fructus_ 5-coccus, rostratus: _rostra_ spiralia,
+      introrsum barbata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+PELARGONIUM _tetragonum_ pedunculis bifloris, ramis tetragonis carnosis,
+      corollis tetrapetalis, _L'Herit. n. 72. t. 23._
+
+GERANIUM _tetragonum_. _Linn. Suppl. p. 305._
+
+[Illustration: No 136]
+
+A vein of singularity runs through the whole of this plant, its stalks
+are unequally and obtusely quadrangular, sometimes more evidently
+triangular; its leaves few, and remarkably small; its flowers, on the
+contrary, are uncommonly large, and what is more extraordinary have only
+four petals; previous to their expansion they exhibit also an appearance
+somewhat outrè, the body of the filaments being bent so as to form a
+kind of bow, in which state we have represented one of the blossoms in
+our figure.
+
+When it flowers in perfection, which it is not apt to do in all places,
+the largeness of its blossoms renders it one of the most ornamental of
+the genus.
+
+There is a variety of it with beautifully coloured leaves, of which we
+have availed ourselves in its representation.
+
+It flowers from June, to August, and September; requires the same
+treatment as the more common Geraniums, and is readily propagated by
+cuttings.
+
+Was first introduced to the Royal Garden at Kew, by Mr. MASSON,
+in 1774, from the Cape, of which, it is a native. _Ait. Hort. Kew._
+
+
+
+
+[137]
+
+HYPERICUM BALEARICUM. WARTY ST. JOHN'S-WORT.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-phyllus. _Petala_ 5. _Nectarium_ 0. _Capsula_.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+HYPERICUM _balearicum_ floribus pentagynis, caule fruticoso foliis
+      ramisque cicatrizatis. _Linn. Syst. Veget. p. 102._
+
+MYRTO-CISTUS pennæi _Clus. Hist. 1. p. 68._
+
+[Illustration: No 137]
+
+Is according to LINNÆUS a native of _Majorca_; MILLER
+says that it grows naturally in the Island of _Minorca,_ from whence the
+seeds were sent to England by Mr. SALVADOR, an Apothecary at
+Barcelona, in the year 1718.
+
+The stalks of this species are usually of a bright red colour, and
+covered with little warts; the leaves are small with many depressions on
+their upper sides like scars; the flowers are not always solitary, but
+frequently form a kind of Corymbus.
+
+It is a hardy green-house plant, and readily propagated by cuttings.
+
+It flowers during most of the Summer.
+
+CLUSIUS informs us in his _Hist. pl. rar. p. 68._ that he
+received from THOMAS PENNY, a Physician of London, in the year
+1580, a figure of this elegant plant, and who the next year shewed a
+dried specimen of the same in London, which had been gathered in the
+Island of Majorca, and named by him [Greek: murto kison], or
+Myrtle-Cistus[2] it appears therefore that this plant has long been
+known, if not cultivated in this country.
+
+We may remark that CLUSIUS's figure of this plant is not
+equally expressive with many of his others.
+
+
+
+
+[138]
+
+KALMIA HIRSUTA. HAIRY KALMIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-partitus. _Corolla_ hypocrateriformis: limbo subtus
+      quinquecorni _Caps._ 5-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character._
+
+KALMIA _hirsuta_ foliis ovato-lanceolatis hirsutis sparsis, floribus
+      racemosis.
+
+[Illustration: No 138]
+
+This new species of Kalmia which we have called _hirsuta,_ the stalk,
+leaves, and calyx, being covered with strong hairs, was imported from
+Carolina in the Spring of 1790, by Mr. WATSON, Nurseryman at
+Islington, with whom several plants of it flowered this present Autumn,
+about the middle of September, from one of which our drawing was made.
+
+The plants were brought over with their roots enclosed in balls of the
+earth in which they naturally grew, which on being examined appeared of
+a blackish colour, and full of glittering particles of sand; similar
+indeed to the bog-earth which we find on our moors and heaths; there is
+therefore little doubt (for no account accompanied the plants) but this
+Kalmia grows on moorish heaths, or in swamps.
+
+In its general appearance it bears some resemblance to the _Andromeda
+Daboecii_; from the specimens we have seen its usual height would
+appear to be from two to three feet; it grows upright; the flowers which
+are about the size of those of the _Kalmia glauca_, are of a purple
+colour, and contrary to all the other known Kalmia's grow in racemi.
+
+It is propagated by layers, and requires the same treatment as the rest
+of the genus, that is, to be planted in bog-earth, on a north border: as
+this however is a new, and of course a dear plant, it will be most
+prudent till we know what degree of cold it will bear, to keep it in a
+pot of the same earth, plunged in the same situation, which may be
+removed in the Winter to a green-house or hot-bed frame.
+
+
+
+
+[139]
+
+ALSTROEMERIA PELEGRINA. SPOTTED-FLOWER'D ALSTROEMERIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ 6-petala, supera, irregularis. _Stamina_ declinata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ALSTROEMERIA _Pelegrina_ caule erecto, corollis campanulatis rectis,
+      foliis lineari-lanceolatis sessilibus. _Linn. Syst. Veg. p. 338.
+      ed. Murr._ _Amoen. Acad. 6. p. 247. cum icone._
+
+HEMEROCALLIS floribus purpurascentibus maculatis vulgo Pelegrina.
+      _Feuill. Peruv. 2. p. 711. t. 5._
+
+[Illustration: No 139]
+
+Father FEUILLEE[3] figures and describes three species of
+_Alstroemeria_, viz. _Pelegrina_, _Ligtu_, and _Salsilla_, common
+names by which they are severally distinguished in Peru: the present
+species, which is much valued by the natives on account of its beauty,
+he informs us is found wild on a mountain to the north of, and a mile
+distant from Lima.
+
+From Peru, as might be expected, the present plant found its way into
+Spain, from whence by the means of his beloved friend ALSTROEMER,
+LINNÆUS first received seeds of it; the value he set on the acquisition
+is evident from the great care he took of the seedling plants,
+preserving them through the winter in his bed-chamber.
+
+According to Mr. AITON, this species was introduced to the Royal Garden
+at Kew, by Messrs. KENNEDY and LEE, as long ago as the year 1753.
+
+Being a mountainous plant, it is found to be much more hardy than the
+_Ligtu_ already figured, and is generally treated as a green-house
+plant; it is found, however, to flower and ripen its seeds better under
+the glass of a hot-bed frame, where air is freely admitted.
+
+It flowers from June to October, and, though a perennial, is generally
+raised from seeds, yet may sometimes be increased by parting its roots,
+which somewhat resemble those of the asparagus: the seeds should be sown
+in the spring, in a pot of light earth, on a gentle hot-bed, either of
+dung or tan.
+
+
+
+
+[140]
+
+LUPINUS LUTEUS. YELLOW LUPINE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 2-labiatus. _Antheræ_ 5 oblongæ, 5 subrotundæ. _Legumen_
+      coriaceum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LUPINUS _luteus_ calycibus verticillatis appendiculatis: labio superiore
+      bipartito; inferiore tridentato. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._
+      _Murr. p. 656._
+
+LUPINUS sylvestris, flore luteo. _Bauh. Pin. 348._
+
+The Yellow Lupine. _Park. Parad. p. 336._
+
+[Illustration: No 140]
+
+The present, with many other species of Lupine, is very generally
+cultivated in flower gardens, for the sake of variety, being usually
+sown in the spring with other annuals; where the flower-borders are
+spacious, they may with propriety be admitted, but as they take up much
+room, and as their blossoms are of short duration, they are not so
+desirable as many other plants.
+
+It is a native of Sicily, and flowers in June and July.
+
+We have often thought that the management of the kitchen garden, in
+point of succession of crops, might be advantageously transplanted to
+the flower garden; in the former, care is taken to have a regular
+succession of the annual delicacies of the table, while in the latter, a
+single sowing in the spring is thought to be all-sufficient; hence the
+flower garden, which in August, September, and part of October, might be
+covered with a profusion of bloom, exhibits little more than the decayed
+stems of departed annuals.
+
+
+
+
+[141]
+
+HELIOTROPIUM PERUVIANUM. PERUVIAN TURNSOLE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ hypocrateriformis, 5-fida, interjectis dentibus: fauce clausa
+      fornicibus.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+HELIOTROPIUM _peruvianum_ foliis lanceolato-ovatis, caule fruticoso,
+      spicis numerosis aggregato-corymbosis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p.
+      184._
+
+HELIOTROPIUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis, spicis plurimis; confertis, caule
+      fruticoso. _Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to. Icon. t. 143._
+
+[Illustration: No 141]
+
+This plant recommends itself by its fragrance rather than its beauty, so
+delicious indeed is the odour it diffuses, that it is considered as
+essential to every green-house and stove.
+
+"It grows naturally in Peru, from whence the seeds were sent by the
+younger Jussieu to the royal garden at Paris, where the plants produced
+flowers and seeds; and from the curious garden of the Duke d'Ayen, at
+St. Germain's, I was supplied with some of the seeds, which have
+succeeded, in the Chelsea garden, where the plants have flowered and
+perfected their seeds for some years." _Miller's Gard. Dict._
+
+You may consider it either as a stove or a green-house plant, the former
+is more congenial to it in the winter season.
+
+A pure atmosphere is essential to its existence, as I experienced at
+Lambeth-Marsh, where I in vain endeavoured to cultivate it.
+
+It is propagated by cuttings as easily as any Geranium, and requires a
+similar treatment; in hot weather it must be well supplied with water,
+and in winter carefully guarded against frost, so fatal to most of the
+natives of Peru.
+
+
+
+
+[142]
+
+SCORZONERA TINGITANA. TANGIER SCORZONERA, or POPPY-LEAV'D
+VIPERS GRASS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Receptaculum_ nudum. _Pappus_ plumosus. _Calyx_ imbricatus, squamis
+      margine scariosis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SCORZONERA _tingitana_ foliis omnibus runcinatis amplexicaulibus. _Linn.
+      Syst. Veg. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 711._
+
+SONCHUS tingitanus papaveris folio _Raii Suppl. 137._
+
+CHONDRILLA tingitana, floribus luteis papaveris hortensis folio. _Herm.
+      lugdb. 657. t. 659._
+
+[Illustration: No 142]
+
+I am indebted for seeds of this plant to my very worthy and liberal
+friend NICH. GWYN, M. D. of Ipswich, to whose penetrating
+genius, and learned researches, Botany owes much.
+
+As its name implies, it is a native of the province of Tangier, on the
+Barbary coast; appears to have been cultivated here, according to the
+_Hort. Kew._ in 1713, but is not mentioned in the 6th 4to. edit. of
+MILLER's Dictionary.
+
+It may be considered as forming a valuable addition to our stock of
+annuals, being a beautiful plant, and easily cultivated: it thrives best
+on a moderately dry soil, warmly situated: should be sown in the spring
+with other annuals.
+
+I have observed, that in the middle of summer, a hot unclouded sun,
+which is favourable to the expansion of most of the flowers of this
+class, is too powerful for those of the present plant, which then appear
+to the greatest advantage in warm hazy weather.
+
+
+
+
+[143]
+
+PELARGONIUM GLUTINOSUM. CLAMMY CRANE'S BILL.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-partitus: lacinia suprema definente in tubulum capillare
+      nectariferum fecus pedunculum decurrentem. _Corolla_ pentapetala,
+      irregularis. _Filamenta_ 10 inæqualia, quorum 3 raro 5 castrata.
+      _Fructus_ pentacoccus, rostratus, rostra spiralia introrsum
+      barbata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+PELARGONIUM _glutinosum_ umbellis paucifloris foliis cordatis
+      hastato-quinquangulis viscosis. _L'Herit. Ger. Ait. Hort. Kew. v.
+      2. p. 426._
+
+GERANIUM _glutinosum_. _Jacq. ic. collect. 1. p. 85._
+
+GERANIUM _viscosum_. _Cavanill. Diss. 4. p. 246. t. 108. f. 2._
+
+[Illustration: No 143]
+
+The leaves of this species exhibit, on being touched, a manifest
+viscidity, or clamminess, which, independent of their shape, serves to
+characterize the species; the middle of the leaf is also in general
+stained with purple, which adds considerably to its beauty; but this
+must be regarded rather as the mark of a variety, than of the species.
+
+With most of its congeners, it is a native of the Cape, and of modern
+date in this country, being introduced to the royal garden at Kew, by
+Messrs. KENNEDY and LEE, in the year 1777.
+
+It flowers from May to September; is readily propagated by cuttings, and
+sometimes raised from seeds, from whence several varieties have been
+produced.
+
+
+
+
+[144]
+
+FERRARIA UNDULATA. CURLED FERRARIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+GYNANDRIA TRIANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Monogyna. _Spathtæ_ unifloræ. _Petala_ 6, undulato-crispata. _Stigmata_
+      cucullata. _Caps._ 3-locularis, infera.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+FERRARIA _undulata_ caule multifloro. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. p. 820. ed.
+      14._ _Murr. Ait. Kew. p. 305. v. 3._
+
+FLOS INDICUS e violaceo fuscus radice tuberosa. _I. B. Ferrar. Flora,
+      ed. nov. p. 167. t. 171._
+
+GLADIOLUS INDICUS e violaceo fuscus radice tuberosa nobis. _Moris. hist.
+      f. 4. t. 4. f. 7._
+
+NARCISSUS INDICUS flore saturate purpureo. _Rudb. Elys. 2. t. 49. f. 9._
+
+IRIS stellata cyclamine radice pullo flore. _Barrel. Icon. 1216._
+
+[Illustration: No 144]
+
+The old Botanists appear to have been wonderfully at a loss to what
+family they should refer this very singular plant, as will appear on
+consulting the synonyms; BURMAN at length made a distinct genus of it,
+naming it _Ferraria_ in honour of JOH. BAPTISTA FERRARIUS, by whom it
+was described, and very well figured, in his _Flora feu de Florum
+Cultura_, published at Amsterdam, in 1646.
+
+Mr. MILLER informs us, that he received roots of this plant
+from Dr. JOB BASTER, F. R. S. of Zirkzee, who obtained it from
+the Cape, of which it is a native.
+
+In the vegetable line, it is certainly one of the most singular and
+beautiful of nature's productions; much it is to be regretted that its
+flowers are of very short duration, opening in the morning and finally
+closing in the afternoon of the same day; a strong plant will, however,
+throw out many blossoms in succession.
+
+In its structure and oeconomy, it approaches very near to the
+_Sisyrinchium_.
+
+It flowers very early in the spring, from February to May, and is
+usually propagated by offsets, which its bulbs produce in tolerable
+plenty. It requires a treatment similar to the Ixias and other Cape
+bulbs. Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered this spring, in
+the possession of R. FORSTER, Esq. of Turnham-Green.
+
+
+
+  INDEX.
+
+  In which the Latin Names of
+  the Plants contained in the
+  _Fourth Volume_ are alphabetically
+  arranged.
+
+  _Pl._
+
+  134 Adonis vernalis.
+  125 Alstroemeria Ligtu.
+  139 ------------ Pelegrina.
+  126 Alyssum deltoideum.
+  130 ------- utriculatum.
+  129 Amaryllis vittata.
+  123 Anemone hortensis.
+  117 Campanula carpatica.
+  131 Catesbæa spinosa.
+  112 Cistus ladaniferus.
+  113 Convolvulus purpureus.
+  144 Ferraria undulata.
+  135 Gladiolus cardinalis.
+  141 Heliotropium peruvianum.
+  122 Hyacinthus racemosus.
+  133 ---------- comosus.
+  137 Hypericum balearicum.
+  124 Iberis gibraltarica.
+  127 Ixia flexuosa.
+  138 Kalmia hirsuta.
+  111 Lathyrus tuberosus.
+  115 -------- sativus.
+  109 Lavatera trimestris.
+  116 Limodorum tuberosum.
+  140 Lupinus luteus.
+  110 Mimosa verticillata.
+  121 Narcissus incomparabilis.
+  136 Pelargonium tetragonum.
+  143 ----------- glutinosum.
+  132 Rubus arcticus.
+  128 Scilla campanulata.
+  142 Scorzonera tingitana.
+  118 Sedum Anacampseros.
+  114 Silene pendula.
+  119 Strelitzia Reginæ.
+
+
+
+  INDEX.
+
+  In which the English Names
+  of the Plants contained in
+  the _Fourth Volume_ are alphabetically
+  arranged.
+
+  _Pl._
+
+  134 Adonis Spring.
+  125 Alstroemeria striped-flowered.
+  139 ------------ spotted-flowered.
+  129 Amaryllis superb.
+  130 Alyssum bladder-podded.
+  126 ------- purple.
+  123 Anemone star.
+  117 Bell-flower Carpatian.
+  113 Bindweed purple.
+  132 Bramble dwarf.
+  124 Candy-tuft Gibraltar.
+  114 Catchfly pendulous.
+  131 Catesbæa thorny.
+  112 Cistus gum.
+  143 Crane's-bill clammy.
+  121 Daffodil peerless.
+  144 Ferraria curled.
+  136 Geranium square-stalked.
+  135 Gladiolus superb.
+  122 Hyacinth starch.
+  133 -------- two-coloured.
+  127 Ixia bending-stalked.
+  138 Kalmia hairy.
+  111 Lathyrus tuberous.
+  115 -------- blue-flowered.
+  109 Lavatera annual.
+  116 Limodorum tuberous-rooted.
+  140 Lupine yellow.
+  110 Mimosa whorl'd-leaved.
+  118 Orpine evergreen.
+  142 Scorzonera Tangier.
+  137 St. John's-wort warty.
+  119 Strelitzia Canna-leaved.
+  128 Squill bell-flowered.
+  141 Turnsole peruvian.
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES
+
+[1] From the gaiety of its flowers, which, from their stripes, appear
+like an object decorated with ribbands.--_Vitta_, a ribband; _vittata_,
+dressed with ribbands. _Ainsw._
+
+[2] The leaves being somewhat like those of the Myrtle, and a gummy
+substance exuding from the plant as in the Gum Cistus.
+
+[3] In his Journal des Observations Physiques, Mathematiques, et
+Botaniques, faites sur les Côtes Orientales de l'Amerique meridionale,
+&c. printed in 1714.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 4, by William Curtis
+
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