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diff --git a/17776-h/17776-h.htm b/17776-h/17776-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bd5062 --- /dev/null +++ b/17776-h/17776-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1981 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of TESTS OF CREOSOTED TIMBER., by W. B. Gregory. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + margin-top: .5em; + margin-bottom: 1.5em; + empty-cells: show; + border-color: gray; } + table hr { + width: 60%; + height: 1px; + border: 0; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + color: black; + background-color: black; + } + + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + td {border-width: 1px; border-color: gray; /*font-family: monospace;*/ font-size: 85%;} + tr.topr td {border-top-width: 2px; border-color: gray; border-style: solid solid none solid;} + tr.toprs td {border-top-width: 2px; border-color: gray; border-style: solid solid none solid; font-size: 75%;} + tr.midr td {border-style: dotted solid none solid;} + tr.botr td {border-style: dotted solid solid solid;} + tr.stnr td {border-style: solid solid none solid;} + tr.stnrs td {border-style: solid solid none solid; font-size: 75%;} + tr.sbhr td {border-style: none; padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; font-size: larger;} + tr.sidr td {border-style: none solid none solid;} + tr.sdbr td {border-style: none solid solid solid;} + .tdright {text-align: right; padding-right: .5em;} /* aligning cell content to the right */ + .tdrightnd {text-align: right; padding-right: 1.25em;} /* aligning cell content to the right, no decimal point */ + .tdrightld {text-align: right; padding-right: .9em;} /* aligning cell content to the right, less digit */ + .tdrightna {text-align: right; padding-right: 1.6em;} /* aligning cell content to the right, no anchor */ + .tdrightns {text-align: right; padding-right: .9em;} /* aligning cell content to the right, no subscript */ + .tdcenter {text-align: center;} /* aligning cell content to the center */ + .tdleft {text-align: left; padding-left: .5em} /* aligning cell content to the left */ + + a {text-decoration: none;} + + img {border: none;} + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + color: gray; + background-color: inherit; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .sectionh {text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;} + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .u {text-decoration: underline;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin-left: auto; margin-bottom: 2em; margin-top: 2em; + margin-right: auto; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Transactions of the American Society of +Civil Engineers, vol. LXX, Dec. 1910, by W. B. Gregory + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXX, Dec. 1910 + Tests of Creosoted Timber, Paper No. 1168 + +Author: W. B. Gregory + +Release Date: February 16, 2006 [EBook #17776] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CIVIL ENGINEERS *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Sigal Alon and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p> + +<h2>AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS</h2> + +<h3>INSTITUTED 1852</h3> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h1>TRANSACTIONS</h1> + +<hr style="width: 35%;" /> + +<h3>Paper No. 1168</h3> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h1>TESTS OF CREOSOTED TIMBER.</h1> + +<h2><span class="smcap">By W. B. Gregory, M. Am. Soc. C. E.</span></h2> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + + +<p>During the last few years a quantity of literature has appeared +in which the treatment of timber by preservatives has been discussed. +The properties of timber, both treated and untreated, have been +determined by the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, +and through its researches valuable knowledge has come to +engineers who have to deal with the design of wooden structures. There +is very little information, however, regarding the effect of time on +creosoted timber, and for this reason the results given herewith may +prove of interest.</p> + +<p>The material tested consisted of southern pine stringers having a +cross-section approximately 6 by 16 in. and a length of 30 ft. For +the purpose of testing, each beam was cut into two parts, each about +15 ft. long. This material had been in use in a trestle of a railroad +near New Orleans for 26 years. The stringers were chosen at random +to determine the general condition of the trestle. The timber had been +exposed to the weather and subjected to heavy train service from the +time it was treated until it was tested. The annual rainfall at New +Orleans is about 60 in., and the humidity of the air is high. In spite +of these conditions, there was no appearance of decay on any of the +specimens tested. The specifications under which the timber was +treated were as follows:</p> + + +<p class='sectionh'>Timber.</p> + +<p>The timber for creosoting shall be long-leafed or southern pine. +Sap surfaces on two or more sides are preferred.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span><i>Piles.</i>—The piles shall be of long-leafed or southern pine, not less +than 14 in. at the butt. They shall be free from defects impairing +their strength, and shall be reasonably straight.</p> + +<p>The piles shall be cleanly peeled, no inner skin being left on them. +The oil used shall be so-called creosote oil, from London, England, and +shall be of a heavy quality.</p> + +<p>The treatment will vary according to the dimensions of the timbers +and length of time they have been cut. Timbers of large and small +dimensions shall not be treated in the same charge, neither shall timbers +of differing stages of air seasoning, or the close-grained, be treated +in the same charge with coarse or open-grained timbers.</p> + +<p>The timbers shall be subjected first to live steam superheated to +from 250 to 275° Fahr., and under a 30 to 40-lb. pressure. The live +steam shall be admitted into the cylinders through perforated steam +pipes, and the temperature shall be obtained by using superheated +steam in closed pipes in the cylinders.</p> + +<p>The length of time this steaming shall last will depend on the +size of the timbers and the length of time they have been cut. In piles +and large timbers freshly cut, as long a time as 12 hours may be +required. After the steaming is accomplished, the live steam shall be +shut off and the superheated steam shall be maintained at a temperature +of 160° or more and a vacuum of from 20 to 25 in. shall be held +for 4 hours or longer, if the discharge from the pumps indicates the +necessity.</p> + +<p><i>Oil Treatment.</i>—The temperature being maintained at 160° Fahr., +the cylinders shall be promptly filled with creosote oil at a temperature +as high as practicable (about 100° Fahr.). The oil shall be maintained +at a pressure ranging from 100 to 120 lb., as experience and measurements +must determine the length of time the oil treatment shall continue, +so that the required amount of oil may be injected.</p> + +<p>After the required amount of oil is injected, the superheated steam +shall be shut off, the oil let out, the cylinders promptly opened at each +end, and the timber immediately removed from the cylinder.</p> + +<p>In the erection of timbers the sap side must be turned up, and +framing or cutting of timbers shall not be permitted, if avoidable. All +cut surfaces of timbers shall be saturated with hot asphaltum, thinned +with creosote oil. The heads of piles when cut shall be promptly coated +with the hot asphaltum and oil, even though the cut-off be temporary.</p> + + +<p class='sectionh'>Method of Testing.</p> + +<p>The tests were made on a Riehlé 100,000-lb. machine in the Experimental +Engineering Laboratory of Tulane University of Louisiana. +The machine is provided with a cast-iron beam for cross-bending tests. +The distance between supports was 12 ft. The method of support was +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>as follows: Each end of the beam was provided with a steel roller +which rested on the cast-iron beam of the testing machine, while above +the roller, and, directly under the beam tested, there was a steel plate +6 by 8 in. in area and 1 in. thick. The area was sufficiently great to +distribute the load and prevent the shearing of the fibers of the wood. +The head of the Riehlé machine is 10 in. wide. A plate, 3/8 in. thick, +6 in. wide and 18 in. long, was placed between the head of the machine +and the beam tested.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 579px;"> +<img id="fig_1" src="images/fig1.png" width="579" height="464" alt="Fig. 1.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM I" title="Fig. 1.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM I" /> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span>—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM I</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 526px;"> +<img id="fig_2" src="images/fig2.png" width="526" height="464" alt="Fig. 2.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM II" title="Fig. 2.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM II" /> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 2.</span>—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM II</span> +</div> + + +<h4>TABLE 1.—<span class="smcap">Summary of Results of Transverse Tests of Beams at +Tulane University, February 10th to March 2d, 1909.</span></h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" +summary="Summary of Results of Transverse Tests of Beams at Tulane University, February 10th to March 2d, 1909."> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Number of beam.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Top or butt of log.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'><i>b</i></td> + <td class='tdcenter'><i>h</i></td> + <td class='tdcenter'><i>I</i></td> + <td class='tdcenter' colspan='2'><span class="smcap">Loads:</span></td> + <td class='tdcenter' colspan='2'><i>S = Plc/4I</i></td> + <td class='tdcenter'><i>d</i>, <span class="smcap">Inches.</span></td> + <td class='tdcenter'><i>E</i></td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Weight, in pounds per cubic foot.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Remarks.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnr'> + <td class='tdcenter'>Width, in inches.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Height, in inches.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'><i>I = bh<sup>3</sup>/12</i></td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Actual at elastic limit.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Maximum.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>At elastic limit.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Maximum.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>At elastic limit.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'><i>E = Pl<sup>3</sup>/48dI</i></td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdrightna'> I</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> B</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.28</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.94</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,120</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 45,900</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,975</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6,200</td> + <td class='tdrightld'>0.41</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,575,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 50.2</td> + <td class='tdrighttdcenter' rowspan='2'> Close-grained pine, long-leaf.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdrightna'> I</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> T</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.00</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.69</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,934</td> + <td class='tdright'> 20,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 38,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,915</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,540</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.465</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,383,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 47.5</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdright'> II<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></td> + <td class='tdcenter'> T</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.37</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.81</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,098</td> + <td class='tdright'> 20,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 43,450</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,722</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,918</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.380</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,562,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 40.5</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> Coarse loblolly, large knots.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdrightna'> II</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> B</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.41</td> + <td class='tdright'> 16.41</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,360</td> + <td class='tdright'> 16,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 25,040</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,999</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,130</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.430</td> + <td class='tdright'> 979,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 42.2</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdrightna'>III</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>T</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5.88</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.68</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,871</td> + <td class='tdright'> 24,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 45,130</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,608</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6,785</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.535</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,489,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 40.4</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> Close-grained, long-leaf no knots.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdrightna'>III</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> B</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5.88</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.90</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,965</td> + <td class='tdright'> 21,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 35,190</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,054</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,120</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.515</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,288,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 44.2</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdrightna'> IV</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> T</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.00</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.43</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,835</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 38,425</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,320</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,810</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.465</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,601,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 40.8</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> Loblolly, with knots.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdrightna'> IV</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> B</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.12</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.87</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,032</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 35,500</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,090</td> + <td class='tdright'> 4,983</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.660</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,017,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 41.5</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdrightna'> V</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> B</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.00</td> + <td class='tdright'> 16.00</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,048</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 47,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,090</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6,610</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.400</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,670,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 47.2</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> Long-leaf yellow pine.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdright'> V<a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></td> + <td class='tdcenter'> T</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.00</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.87</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,999</td> + <td class='tdright'> 14,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22,050</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,998</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,145</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.315</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,382,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 42.1</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdright'> VI<a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></td> + <td class='tdcenter'> B</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5.50</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.75</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,790</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 51,330</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,484</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8,925</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.450</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,695,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 50.2</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> Long-leaf yellow pine.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdright'> VI<a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></td> + <td class='tdcenter'> T</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5.87</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.62</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,865</td> + <td class='tdright'> 20,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 44,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,013</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6,627</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.410</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,625,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 45.2</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdrightna'>VII</td> + <td class='tdcenter'> B</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.56</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.62</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,083</td> + <td class='tdright'> 34,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 51,900</td> + <td class='tdright'> 4,580</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6,985</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.620</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,637,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 43.7</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> Long-leaf yellow pine.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdright'>VII<a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></td> + <td class='tdcenter'> T</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.22</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.62</td> + <td class='tdright'> 1,975</td> + <td class='tdright'> 20,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 49,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,845</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6,970</td> + <td class='tdright'> 0.380</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,658,000</td> + <td class='tdright'> 40.2</td> +</tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Failed in longitudinal shear.</p></div> + +<p>The deflection was measured on both sides of each beam by using +silk threads stretched on each side from nails driven about 2 in. above +the bottom of the beam and directly over the rollers which formed +the supports. From a small piece of wood, tacked to the bottom of the +beam at its center and projecting at the sides, the distance to these +threads was measured. These measurements were taken to the nearest +hundredth of an inch. The mean of the deflections was taken as the +true deflection for any load.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 576px;"> +<img id="fig_3" src="images/fig3.png" width="576" height="461" alt="Fig. 3.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM III" title="Fig. 3.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM III" /> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span>—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM III</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 579px;"> +<img id="fig_4" src="images/fig4.png" width="579" height="430" alt="Fig. 4.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM IV" title="Fig. 4.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM IV" /> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span>—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM IV</span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>In computing the various quantities shown in Table 1, the summary +of results, the load has been assumed as concentrated at the center of +the beam. While it is true that the load was spread over a length of +about 12 in., due to the width of the head of the machine and the plate +between it and the beam tested, it is also true that there were irregularities, +such as bolt-holes and, in some cases, abrasions due to wear, +that could not well be taken into account. Hence, it was deemed +sufficiently accurate to consider the load as concentrated. Besides the +horizontal bolt-holes, shown in the photographs, there were vertical +bolt-holes, at intervals in all the beams. The latter were 7/8 in. in +diameter, and in every case they were sufficiently removed from the +center of the length of the beam to allow the maximum moment at the +reduced section to be relatively less than that at the center of the beam. +For this reason, no correction was made for these holes. The broken +beams often showed that rupture started at, or was influenced by, some +of the holes, especially the horizontal ones.</p> + +<p>While some of the heavy oils of a tarry consistency remained, they +were only to be found in the sappy portions of the long-leaf pine and +in the loblolly (Specimens II and IV). Exposure in a semi-tropical +climate for 26 years had resulted in the removal of the more volatile +portions of the creosote oil. The penetration of the oil into the sap +wood seemed to be perfect, while in the loblolly it varied from a fraction +of an inch to 1-1/2 in. In the heart wood there was very little penetration +across the grain. The timber had been framed and the holes +bored before treatment. The penetration of the creosote along the +grain from the holes was often from 4 to 6 in.</p> + +<p>Circular 39 of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, +entitled "Experiments on the Strength of Treated Timber," gives +the results of a great many tests of creosoted ties, principally loblolly +pine, from which the following conclusions are quoted:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"(1) A high degree of steaming is injurious to wood. The degree +of steaming at which pronounced harm results will depend upon the +quality of the wood and its degree of seasoning, and upon the pressure +(temperature) of steam and the duration of its application. For +loblolly pine the limit of safety is certainly 30 pounds for 4 hours, or +20 pounds for 6 hours." [Tables 3, 6, and 7.]</p> + +<p>"(2) The presence of zinc chlorid will not weaken wood under +static loading, although the indications are that the wood becomes +brittle under impact." [Tables 3 and 4.]</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 570px;"> +<img id="fig_5" src="images/fig5.png" width="570" height="459" alt="Fig. 5.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM V" title="Fig. 5.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM V" /> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 5.</span>—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM V</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 575px;"> +<img id="fig_6" src="images/fig6.png" width="575" height="505" alt="Fig. 6.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM VI" title="Fig. 6.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM VI" /> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 6.</span>—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM VI</span> +</div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>"(3) The presence of creosote will not weaken wood of itself. Since +apparently it is present only in the openings of the cells, and does not +get into the cell walls, its action can only be to retard the seasoning +of the wood." [Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.]</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 563px;"> +<img id="fig_7" src="images/fig7.png" width="563" height="496" alt="Fig. 7.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM VII" title="Fig. 7.—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM VII" /> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 7.</span>—DEFLECTON CURVES BEAM VII</span> +</div> + + +<p class='sectionh'>Comparisons.</p> + +<p>A comparison of the results obtained with tests made on untreated +timber is interesting, and to this end Tables 2 and 3, from Circular +115, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, by W. Kendrick +Hatt, Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E., are quoted. The tests made by the +writer were from timber raised in Louisiana and Mississippi, while +the tests quoted were from timber raised farther north. The number +of tests was not sufficient to settle questions of average strength or +other qualities. It will be seen, however, that the treated timber 26 +years old compares favorably with the new untreated timber.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 562px;"> +<img id="plate1_fig1" src="images/p1f1.jpg" width="562" height="402" alt="Plate I, Fig. 1.—Specimen in Testing Machine, Showing Method of Support." title="Plate I, Fig. 1.—Specimen in Testing Machine, Showing Method of Support." /> +<span class="caption">Plate I, Fig. 1.—Specimen in Testing Machine, Showing Method of Support.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 605px;"> +<img id="plate1_fig2" src="images/p1f2.jpg" width="605" height="557" alt="Plate I, Fig. 2.—End Views of Tested Timbers." title="Plate I, Fig. 2.—End Views of Tested Timbers." /> +<span class="caption">Plate I, Fig. 2.—End Views of Tested Timbers.</span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p> +<h4>TABLE 2.—<span class="smcap">Bending Strength of Large Sticks.</span></h4> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Bending Strength of Large Sticks."> + +<tr class='sbhr'> + <td class='tdcenter' colspan='19'><span class="smcap">Loblolly Pine.</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr class='toprs'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Reference number.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Locality of Growth.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' colspan='2'><span class="smcap">Dimensions.</span></td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Grade.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Condition of seasoning.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> </td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Number of tests.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Moisture, per cent.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Rings per inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Specific gravity, dry.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' colspan='2'><span class="smcap">Weight per Cubic Foot, in Pounds.</span></td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Fiber stress at elastic limit, in pounds per square inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Modulus of rupture, in pounds per square inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Modulus of elasticity, in thousands of pounds per square inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Elastic resilience, in inch pounds per cubic inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>Number failing by longi- tudinal shear.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'> Remarks.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> + <td class='tdcenter'>Section, in inches.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Span, in feet</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>As tested.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Oven dry.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>1</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>South Carolina.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> + 6 by 7<br /> + 6 by 10<br /> + 4 by 12<br /> + 6 by 16<br /> + 8 by 14<br /> + 8 by 16<br /> + </td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>10 to 15.5</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Square edge</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> Green</td> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 42</td> + <td class='tdright'> 48.0</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.50</td> + <td class='tdright'>46.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>31.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,150</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,580</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,426</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.45</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 7</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Moisture above saturation point in all cases.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 92.1</td> + <td class='tdright'>11.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.60</td> + <td class='tdright'>56.8</td> + <td class='tdright'>37.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,210</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8,460</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,920</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.99</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 30.2</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2.3</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.40</td> + <td class='tdright'>35.6</td> + <td class='tdright'>25.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,675</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,120</td> + <td class='tdright'> 905</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.07</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>2</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>South Carolina.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> + 6 by 7<br /> + 4 by 12<br /> + 6 by 10<br /> + 6 by 16<br /> + 8 by 16<br /> + 10 by 16<br /> + </td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>10 to 16</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> Square edge</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Partially air dry.</td> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 18</td> + <td class='tdright'> 27.7</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.50</td> + <td class='tdright'>40.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>31.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,380</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,650</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,435</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.45</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 0</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Moisture from 25 to 30 per cent.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 29.2</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.55</td> + <td class='tdright'>43.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>34.4</td> + <td class='tdright'>4,610</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8,090</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,880</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.76</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 25.5</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.45</td> + <td class='tdright'>35.6</td> + <td class='tdright'>28.1</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,115</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,600</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,152</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.20</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>3</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>South Carolina.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> + 6 by 7<br /> + 4 by 12<br /> + 6 by 10<br /> + 6 by 16<br /> + </td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>10 to 15</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Square edge</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Partially air dry.</td> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 19</td> + <td class='tdright'> 21.0</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5.6</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.50</td> + <td class='tdright'>37.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>31.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,970</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,690</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,340</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.39</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 2</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Moisture less than 25 per cent.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 24.9</td> + <td class='tdright'>17.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.58</td> + <td class='tdright'>45.6</td> + <td class='tdright'>36.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>4,850</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8,100</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,040</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.69</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 15.0</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.41</td> + <td class='tdright'>31.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>25.6</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,730</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,910</td> + <td class='tdright'> 906</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.10</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> 4</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Virginia.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> 8 by 8</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>6 to 16</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Square edge</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Partially air dry.</td> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 12</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22.4</td> + <td class='tdright'> 4.8</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.46</td> + <td class='tdright'>35.6</td> + <td class='tdright'>28.8</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,260</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,180</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,180</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.51</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> 0</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> </td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 27.7</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8.8</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.58</td> + <td class='tdright'>43.1</td> + <td class='tdright'>36.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,300</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8,950</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,728</td> + <td class='tdright'>1.05</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 17.8</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.37</td> + <td class='tdright'>30.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>23.1</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,280</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,180</td> + <td class='tdright'> 606</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.13</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'> 5</td> + <td class='tdcenter' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'>Virginia.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'> + 8 by 8</td> + <td class='tdcenter' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'>6 to 15.5</td> + <td class='tdcenter' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'>Square edge</td> + <td class='tdcenter' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'>Green</td> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdright' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'>17</td> + <td class='tdright'> 64.0</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.43</td> + <td class='tdright'>43.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>26.9</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,935</td> + <td class='tdright'> 3,490</td> + <td class='tdright'> 744</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.31</td> + <td class='tdright' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'>0</td> + <td class='tdcenter' style='border-bottom: solid; border-color: gray; border-bottom-width: 1px;' rowspan='3'>Very rapid growth; poor quality.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'>100.5</td> + <td class='tdright'> 4.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.51</td> + <td class='tdright'>51.9</td> + <td class='tdright'>31.9</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,185</td> + <td class='tdright'> 4,720</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,193</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.78</td> +</tr> +<tr class='botr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 38.8</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.35</td> + <td class='tdright'>35.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>21.9</td> + <td class='tdright'> 956</td> + <td class='tdright'> 2,180</td> + <td class='tdright'> 357</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.12</td> +</tr> + +<tr class='sbhr'> + <td class='tdcenter' colspan='19'><span class="smcap">Long-Leaf Pine.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>6</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>South Carolina.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> 6 by 8<br /> + 10 by 16</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> 15</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Merchantable</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Partially air dry</td> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdright'> </td> + <td class='tdright'> 25.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>13.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.58</td> + <td class='tdright'>45.6</td> + <td class='tdright'>36.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,800</td> + <td class='tdright'> 7,160</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,560</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.53</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'>9</td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'> </td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22</td> + <td class='tdright'> 40.3</td> + <td class='tdright'>25.4</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.76</td> + <td class='tdright'>60.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>47.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>4,970</td> + <td class='tdright'>10,020</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,010</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.78</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'> </td> + <td class='tdright'> 17.3</td> + <td class='tdright'> 6.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.50</td> + <td class='tdright'>39.4</td> + <td class='tdright'>31.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,220</td> + <td class='tdright'> 5,450</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,190</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.21</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> 7</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Georgia.</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>10 by 12</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'> 15</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Merchantable</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Partially air dry.</td> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdright'> </td> + <td class='tdright'> 27.3</td> + <td class='tdright'>18.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.69</td> + <td class='tdright'>54.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>42.9</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,581</td> + <td class='tdright'> 8,384</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,820</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> + <td class='tdright' rowspan='3'>6</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Excellent merchantable grade.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'> 22</td> + <td class='tdright'> 34.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>29.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.79</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> + <td class='tdright'>49.4</td> + <td class='tdright'>9,600</td> + <td class='tdright'>11,410</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,920</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'> </td> + <td class='tdright'> 20.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>11.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>0.50</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> + <td class='tdright'>31.4</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,547</td> + <td class='tdright'> 4,836</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,167</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> +</tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p> + +<h4>TABLE 3.—<span class="smcap">Loblolly Pine</span>.— +<span class="smcap">Bending Tests on Beams Seasoned Under Different Conditions</span>.<br /> + +(8 by 16-in. section; 13-1/2 to 15-ft. span.)</h4> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Bending Tests on Beams Seasoned Under Different Conditions"> +<tr class='topr'> + <td></td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Number of tests.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Fiber stress at elastic limit, in pounds per square inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Modulus of rupture, in pounds per square inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Longitudinal shear at maximum load, in pounds per square inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Modulus of elasticity, in thousands of pounds per square inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Percentage of moisture.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Rings per inch.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Weight per cubic foot, oven dry, in pounds.</td> + <td class='tdcenter'>Condition of seasoning.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>4</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,580</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,480</td> + <td class='tdright'>364<sub>4</sub></td> + <td class='tdright'>1,780</td> + <td class='tdright'>23.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>9.4</td> + <td class='tdright'>33.7</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Air dry, 3-1/2 months in the open.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'>4,070</td> + <td class='tdright'>6,600</td> + <td class='tdrightns'>440</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,987</td> + <td class='tdright'>24.3</td> + <td class='tdright'>11.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>34.5</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,090</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,000</td> + <td class='tdrightns'>327</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,530</td> + <td class='tdright'>21.5</td> + <td class='tdright'>8.0</td> + <td class='tdright'>32.5</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>5</td> + <td class='tdright'>4,512</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,060</td> + <td class='tdright'>338<sub>3</sub></td> + <td class='tdright'>1,685</td> + <td class='tdrightnd'>20</td> + <td class='tdright'>7.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>33.9</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Kiln dry, 6 days.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,840</td> + <td class='tdright'>7,320</td> + <td class='tdrightns'>488</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,790</td> + <td class='tdrightnd'>22</td> + <td class='tdright'>10.2</td> + <td class='tdright'>38.0</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,180</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,150</td> + <td class='tdrightns'>143</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,410</td> + <td class='tdrightnd'>18</td> + <td class='tdright'>4.7</td> + <td class='tdright'>27.7</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Average</td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>12</td> + <td class='tdright'>4,331</td> + <td class='tdright'>6,721</td> + <td class='tdright'>493<sub>9</sub></td> + <td class='tdright'>1,688</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> + <td class='tdright'>7.7</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> + <td class='tdcenter' rowspan='3'>Air dry, 21 months under shelter.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Maximum</td> + <td class='tdright'>4,990</td> + <td class='tdright'>8,560</td> + <td class='tdrightns'>620</td> + <td class='tdright'>2,002</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> + <td class='tdright'>9.5</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'> + <td class='tdleft'>Minimum</td> + <td class='tdright'>3,110</td> + <td class='tdright'>5,160</td> + <td class='tdrightns'>380</td> + <td class='tdright'>1,398</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> + <td class='tdright'>5.5</td> + <td class='tdright'><hr /></td> +</tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Figures written as subscripts to the figures for +longitudinal shear indicate the number of sticks failing in that manner.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 675px;"> +<img id="plate2_fig1" src="images/p2f1.jpg" width="675" height="1001" alt="Plate II.—Side Views of Tested Timbers." title="Plate II.—Side Views of Tested Timbers." /> +<span class="caption">Plate II.—Side Views of Tested Timbers.</span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> +<h4>TABLE 4.—<span class="smcap">Load and Deflection Log. Beam I.</span></h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Load and Deflection Log. Beam I."> +<tr> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>Date: February 26th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6-9/32 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15-15/16 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.97 in. Time = 1 hour.</td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>Date: February 24th, 1909. <br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6 in.; <br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.69 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.84 in.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> +<td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>No.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 1</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.86</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.88</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdrightna'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.83</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.86</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdrightld'> 0</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 2</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.05</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.02</td><td class='tdright'>0.035</td><td class='tdrightna'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.87</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdrightld'>0.04</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 3</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.96</td><td class='tdright'>0.10</td><td class='tdright'>1.94</td><td class='tdright'>0.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.080</td><td class='tdrightna'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.08</td><td class='tdright'>1.96</td><td class='tdright'>0.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.090</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 4</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.99</td><td class='tdright'>0.13</td><td class='tdright'>1.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.115</td><td class='tdrightna'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.96</td><td class='tdright'>0.13</td><td class='tdright'>2.00</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.135</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 5</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.17</td><td class='tdright'>2.02</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.155</td><td class='tdrightna'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.00</td><td class='tdright'>0.17</td><td class='tdright'>2.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.175</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 6</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.05</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>2.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.185</td><td class='tdrightna'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.21</td><td class='tdright'>2.08</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.215</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 7</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>2.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.21</td><td class='tdright'>0.225</td><td class='tdrightna'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.26</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>0.265</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 8</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.260</td><td class='tdrightna'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.31</td><td class='tdright'>2.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.315</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 9</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.17</td><td class='tdright'>0.31</td><td class='tdright'>2.16</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.295</td><td class='tdrightna'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.19</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>2.23</td><td class='tdright'>0.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.365</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>10</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.330</td><td class='tdrightna'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.41</td><td class='tdright'>2.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.415</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>11</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>2.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.365</td><td class='tdrightna'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>2.33</td><td class='tdright'>0.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.465</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>12</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>2.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.410</td><td class='tdrightna'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.34</td><td class='tdright'>0.51</td><td class='tdright'>2.39</td><td class='tdright'>0.53</td><td class='tdright'>0.520</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>13</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.44</td><td class='tdright'>0.450</td><td class='tdrightna'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.39</td><td class='tdright'>0.56</td><td class='tdright'>2.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.57</td><td class='tdright'>0.565</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>14</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>2.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.490</td><td class='tdrightna'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.44</td><td class='tdright'>0.61</td><td class='tdright'>2.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.615</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>15</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.54</td><td class='tdright'>2.39</td><td class='tdright'>0.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.525</td><td class='tdrightna'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.49</td><td class='tdright'>0.66</td><td class='tdright'>2.53</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.685</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>16</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.57</td><td class='tdright'>2.44</td><td class='tdright'>0.56</td><td class='tdright'>0.565</td><td class='tdrightna'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>2.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.720</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>17</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>2.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.60</td><td class='tdright'>0.610</td><td class='tdrightna'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.61</td><td class='tdright'>0.78</td><td class='tdright'>2.65</td><td class='tdright'>0.79</td><td class='tdright'>0.785</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>18</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.52</td><td class='tdright'>0.68</td><td class='tdright'>2.53</td><td class='tdright'>0.65</td><td class='tdright'>0.655</td><td class='tdright'>34,000<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></td><td class='tdright'>2.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.85</td><td class='tdright'>2.70</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.845</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>19</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.56</td><td class='tdright'>0.70</td><td class='tdright'>2.56</td><td class='tdright'>0.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.690</td><td class='tdrightna'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.74</td><td class='tdright'>0.91</td><td class='tdright'>2.78</td><td class='tdright'>0.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.915</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>20</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.61</td><td class='tdright'>0.75</td><td class='tdright'>2.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.74</td><td class='tdright'>0.745</td><td class='tdrightna'>38,000</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'> Broke.</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>21</td><td class='tdright'>40,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.65</td><td class='tdright'>0.79</td><td class='tdright'>2.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.79</td><td class='tdright'>0.790</td><td class='tdright' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>22</td><td class='tdright'>42,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.70</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>2.73</td><td class='tdright'>0.85</td><td class='tdright'>0.845</td><td class='tdright' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>23</td><td class='tdright'>44,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.75</td><td class='tdright'>0.89</td><td class='tdright'>2.77</td><td class='tdright'>0.89</td><td class='tdright'>0.890</td><td class='tdright' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>37,500 lb., First Crack; 45,900 lb., Failed.</td><td class='tdright' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 22,000 lb.; deflection, 0.41 in.; <i>S</i>, 2,975 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 20,000 lb.; deflection, 0.465 in.; <i>S</i>, 2,975 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>Maximum: Load, 45,900 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 6,209 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>Maximum: Load, 38,000 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 5,540 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sdbr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'><i>E</i> = 1,575,000 lb.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'><i>E</i> = 1,383,000 lb.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> First crack.</p></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p> + +<h4>TABLE 4.—(<i>Continued.</i>)—<span class="smcap">Load and Deflection Log. Beam II.</span></h4> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Load and Deflection Log. Beam II."> +<tr> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>Date: February 20th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6.38 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.81 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.91 in. Time = 47.5 min</td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>Date: —<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6.41 in.; <br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 16.41 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 8.20 in.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> +<td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>No.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 1</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.65</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.68</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdrightna'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.86</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.87</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdrightld'> 0</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 2</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.69</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>1.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.040</td><td class='tdrightna'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.05</td><td class='tdright'>1.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.05</td><td class='tdrightld'>0.05</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 3</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.73</td><td class='tdright'>0.08</td><td class='tdright'>1.77</td><td class='tdright'>0.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.085</td><td class='tdrightna'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.12</td><td class='tdright'>1.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.115</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 4</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.76</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>1.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.12</td><td class='tdright'>0.115</td><td class='tdrightna'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.05</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>2.02</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.170</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 5</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>1.83</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.150</td><td class='tdrightna'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.07</td><td class='tdright'>0.21</td><td class='tdright'>2.08</td><td class='tdright'>0.21</td><td class='tdright'>0.210</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 6</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.83</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>1.86</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.180</td><td class='tdrightna'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.265</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 7</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.87</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.220</td><td class='tdrightna'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>2.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.31</td><td class='tdright'>0.315</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 8</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.26</td><td class='tdright'>1.94</td><td class='tdright'>0.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.260</td><td class='tdrightna'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.39</td><td class='tdright'>2.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.380</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 9</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.95</td><td class='tdright'>0.30</td><td class='tdright'>1.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.30</td><td class='tdright'>0.300</td><td class='tdrightna'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.30</td><td class='tdright'>0.44</td><td class='tdright'>2.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.430</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>10</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.33</td><td class='tdright'>2.02</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>0.335</td><td class='tdright'>18,000<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a></td><td class='tdright'>2.35</td><td class='tdright'>0.49</td><td class='tdright'>2.35</td><td class='tdright'>0.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.485</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>11</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>2.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>0.380</td><td class='tdrightna'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.44</td><td class='tdright'>0.58</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.565</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>12</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.07</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>2.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.420</td><td class='tdrightna'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.68</td><td class='tdright'>2.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.675</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>13</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>2.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>0.460</td><td class='tdrightna'>25,040</td><td class='center' colspan='5'> Failed</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>14</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>2.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.500</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>15</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.53</td><td class='tdright'>2.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.535</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>16</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.23</td><td class='tdright'>0.58</td><td class='tdright'>2.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.580</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>17</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.27</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>2.30</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.620</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>18</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>2.35</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.670</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>19</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>2.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.720</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>20</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.77</td><td class='tdright'>2.45</td><td class='tdright'>0.77</td><td class='tdright'>0.770</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>21</td><td class='tdright'>40,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.83</td><td class='tdright'>2.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.82</td><td class='tdright'>0.825</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>22</td><td class='tdright'>42,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.53</td><td class='tdright'>0.88</td><td class='tdright'>2.56</td><td class='tdright'>0.88</td><td class='tdright'>0.880</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>23</td><td class='tdright'>43,450</td><td class='center' colspan='5'>Fracture.</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>24</td><td class='tdright'>45,710</td><td class='center' colspan='5'>Failed.</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td colspan='7'> </td><td colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 20,000 lb.; deflection, 0.38 in.; <i>S</i>, 2,722 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 16,000 lb.; deflection, 0.43 in.; <i>S</i>, 1,999 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>Maximum: Load, 43,450 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 5,918 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>Maximum: Load, 25,040 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 3,130 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sdbr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'><i>E</i> = 1,562,000 lb.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'><i>E</i> = 979,000 lb.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> First crack.</p></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> + +<h4>TABLE 4.—(<i>Continued.</i>)—<span class="smcap">Load and Deflection Log. Beam III.</span></h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Load and Deflection Log. Beam III."> +<tr> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>Date: February 13th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 5.88 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.63 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.82 in.</td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>Date: —<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 5.88 in.; <br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.9 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.95 in. Time = 45 min.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> +<td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>No.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +</tr> + +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 1</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.23</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.06</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.67</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.63</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 2</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.27</td><td class='tdright'> .04</td><td class='tdright'>1.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.040</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.70</td><td class='tdright'>0.03</td><td class='tdright'>1.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.05</td><td class='tdright'>0.040</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 3</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.09</td><td class='tdright'>1.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.07</td><td class='tdright'>0.080</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.05</td><td class='tdright'>1.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.070</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 4</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>1.17</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.125</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.82</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>1.78</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.150</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 5</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>1.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.16</td><td class='tdright'>0.175</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.86</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>1.82</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>0.190</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 6</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>1.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.220</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.23</td><td class='tdright'>1.87</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.235</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 7</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>1.31</td><td class='tdright'>0.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.265</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.30</td><td class='tdright'>1.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.295</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 8</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>1.35</td><td class='tdright'>0.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.305</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.00</td><td class='tdright'>0.33</td><td class='tdright'>1.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.35</td><td class='tdright'>0.340</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 9</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.60</td><td class='tdright'>0.37</td><td class='tdright'>1.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>0.355</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>2.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.41</td><td class='tdright'>0.385</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>10</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.64</td><td class='tdright'>0.41</td><td class='tdright'>1.44</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>0.395</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.43</td><td class='tdright'>2.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>0.445</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>11</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.45</td><td class='tdright'>1.49</td><td class='tdright'>0.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.440</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>2.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.485</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>12</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.49</td><td class='tdright'>1.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.485</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.53</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.57</td><td class='tdright'>0.550</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>13</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.78</td><td class='tdright'>0.55</td><td class='tdright'>1.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.52</td><td class='tdright'>0.535</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.59</td><td class='tdright'>2.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.63</td><td class='tdright'>0.610</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>14</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.82</td><td class='tdright'>0.59</td><td class='tdright'>1.64</td><td class='tdright'>0.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.585</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.31</td><td class='tdright'>0.64</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.69</td><td class='tdright'>0.665</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>15</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.88</td><td class='tdright'>0.65</td><td class='tdright'>1.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.635</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.38</td><td class='tdright'>0.71</td><td class='tdright'>2.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.77</td><td class='tdright'>0.740</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>16</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.69</td><td class='tdright'>1.73</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.680</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.75</td><td class='tdright'>2.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.795</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>17</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.74</td><td class='tdright'>1.79</td><td class='tdright'>0.73</td><td class='tdright'>0.735</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.49</td><td class='tdright'>0.82</td><td class='tdright'>2.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.870</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>18</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.02</td><td class='tdright'>0.79</td><td class='tdright'>1.85</td><td class='tdright'>0.79</td><td class='tdright'>0.790</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.91</td><td class='tdright'>2.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.99</td><td class='tdright'>0.950</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>19</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.07</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.840</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>20</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.90</td><td class='tdright'>1.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.915</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>21</td><td class='tdright'>40,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.97</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.970</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>22</td><td class='tdright'>42,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.27</td><td class='tdright'>1.04</td><td class='tdright'>2.11</td><td class='tdright'>1.05</td><td class='tdright'>1.045</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>23</td><td class='tdright'>44,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.37</td><td class='tdright'>1.14</td><td class='tdright'>2.21</td><td class='tdright'>1.15</td><td class='tdright'>1.145</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>39,100 lb. First Crack; 45,130 lb. Failed.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>22,000 lb. First Crack; 35,190 lb. Failed.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 24,000 lb.; deflection, 0.535 in.; <i>S</i> 3,608 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 21,000 lb.; deflection, 0.515 in.; <i>S</i>, 3,054 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>Maximum: Load, 45,130 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i> 6,785 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>Maximum: Load, 35,190 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i> 5,120 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sdbr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'><i>E</i> = 1,489,000 lb.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'><i>E</i> = 1,288,000 lb.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>TABLE 4.—(<i>Continued.</i>)—<span class="smcap">Load and Deflection Log. Beam IV.</span></h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=">Load and Deflection Log. Beam IV."> +<tr> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>Date: February 16th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6.0 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.43 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.71 in.</td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>Date: February 10th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6.12 in.; <br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.87 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.93 in. Time = 30 min.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> +<td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>No.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 1</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>2.28</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>2.05</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.44</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.58</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdrightld'> 0</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 2</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.31</td><td class='tdright'>0.03</td><td class='tdright'>2.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.05</td><td class='tdright'>0.040</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.06</td><td class='tdright'>1.64</td><td class='tdright'>0.06</td><td class='tdrightld'>0.06</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 3</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>2,34</td><td class='tdright'>0.06</td><td class='tdright'>2.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.075</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>1.70</td><td class='tdright'>0.12</td><td class='tdright'>0.115</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 4</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.12</td><td class='tdright'>2.19</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.130</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>1.76</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.180</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 5</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>2.23</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.165</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>1.82</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.240</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 6</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>2.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.23</td><td class='tdright'>0.210</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>1.89</td><td class='tdright'>0.31</td><td class='tdright'>0.295</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 7</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.23</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>0.250</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>1.94</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.360</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 8</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.26</td><td class='tdright'>2.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.290</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.85</td><td class='tdright'>0.41</td><td class='tdright'>2.00</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.415</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 9</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.59</td><td class='tdright'>0.31</td><td class='tdright'>2.41</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.335</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>2.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.470</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>10</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>2.45</td><td class='tdright'>0.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.370</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.54</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.545</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>11</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.40</td><td class='tdright'>2.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.45</td><td class='tdright'>0.425</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.59</td><td class='tdright'>2.19</td><td class='tdright'>0.61</td><td class='tdright'>0.600</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>12</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.44</td><td class='tdright'>2.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.49</td><td class='tdright'>0.465</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.65</td><td class='tdright'>2.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.660</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>13</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.78</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>2.60</td><td class='tdright'>0.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.525</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.71</td><td class='tdright'>2.33</td><td class='tdright'>0.75</td><td class='tdright'>0.730</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>14</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.82</td><td class='tdright'>0.54</td><td class='tdright'>2.65</td><td class='tdright'>0.60</td><td class='tdright'>0.570</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.23</td><td class='tdright'>0.79</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.815</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>15</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.87</td><td class='tdright'>0.59</td><td class='tdright'>2.69</td><td class='tdright'>0.64</td><td class='tdright'>0.615</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.88</td><td class='tdright'>2.49</td><td class='tdright'>0.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.895</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>16</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.63</td><td class='tdright'>2.74</td><td class='tdright'>0.69</td><td class='tdright'>0.660</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.98</td><td class='tdright'>2.62</td><td class='tdright'>1.04</td><td class='tdright'>1.010</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>17</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.69</td><td class='tdright'>2.78</td><td class='tdright'>0.73</td><td class='tdright'>0.710</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.56</td><td class='tdright'>1.12</td><td class='tdright'>2.74</td><td class='tdright'>1.16</td><td class='tdright'>1.140</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>18</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>3.01</td><td class='tdright'>0.73</td><td class='tdright'>2.85</td><td class='tdright'>0.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.765</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.67</td><td class='tdright'>1.23</td><td class='tdright'>2.87</td><td class='tdright'>1.29</td><td class='tdright'>1.265</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>19</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>3.07</td><td class='tdright'>0.79</td><td class='tdright'>2.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.85</td><td class='tdright'>0.820</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>20</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>3.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.86</td><td class='tdright'>2.98</td><td class='tdright'>0.93</td><td class='tdright'>0.895</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>34,000 lb. First Crack; 38,425 lb. Failed.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>28,360 lb. Cracked; 35,500 lb, Failed.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 22,000 lb.; deflection, 0.465 in.; <i>S</i> 3,320 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 22,000 lb.; deflection, 0.66 in.; <i>S</i>, 3,090 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>Maximum: Load, 38,425 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i> 5,810 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>Maximum: Load, 35,500 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i> 4,983 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sdbr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'> <i>E</i> = 1,601,000 lb.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'> <i>E</i> = 1,017,000 lb.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p> + +<h4>TABLE 4.—(<i>Continued.</i>)—<span class="smcap">Load and Deflection Log. Beam V.</span></h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Load and Deflection Log. Beam V."> +<tr> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>Date: —<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 16 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 8 in. Time = 40 min.</td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>Date: February 27th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6 in.; <br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.87 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.94 in.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> +<td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>No.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 1</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.97</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.37</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.31</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.25</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdrightld'> 0</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 2</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.01</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>1.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.035</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.06</td><td class='tdright'>1.31</td><td class='tdright'>0.06</td><td class='tdrightld'>0.06</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 3</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.09</td><td class='tdright'>1.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.075</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.41</td><td class='tdright'>0.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.105</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 4</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.08</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>1.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.105</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.46</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.150</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 5</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>1.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.135</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.49</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.45</td><td class='tdright'>0.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.190</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 6</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.16</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>1.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.17</td><td class='tdright'>0.180</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.23</td><td class='tdright'>1.49</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.235</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 7</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.19</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>1.57</td><td class='tdright'>0.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.210</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>1.53</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.275</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 8</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.25</td><td class='tdright'>1.61</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.245</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.31</td><td class='tdright'>1.57</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.315</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 9</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>1.65</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.280</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.37</td><td class='tdright'>1.65</td><td class='tdright'>0.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.385</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>10</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>1,69</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.320</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.78</td><td class='tdright'>0.41</td><td class='tdright'>1.71</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>0.435</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>11</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.35</td><td class='tdright'>1.73</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.355</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.99</td><td class='tdright'>0.68</td><td class='tdright'>1.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.700</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>12</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.39</td><td class='tdright'>1.78</td><td class='tdright'>0.41</td><td class='tdright'>0.400</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>13</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.39</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>1.83</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>0.440</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>14</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.45</td><td class='tdright'>1.85</td><td class='tdright'>0.48</td><td class='tdright'>0.465</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>15</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.53</td><td class='tdright'>0.515</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>16</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.53</td><td class='tdright'>1.95</td><td class='tdright'>0.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.565</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>17</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.57</td><td class='tdright'>1.99</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.595</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>18</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.59</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>2.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.645</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>19</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.63</td><td class='tdright'>0.66</td><td class='tdright'>2.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.690</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>20</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.71</td><td class='tdright'>2.17</td><td class='tdright'>0.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.755</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>21</td><td class='tdright'>40,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.73</td><td class='tdright'>0.76</td><td class='tdright'>2.21</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.800</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>22</td><td class='tdright'>42,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.83</td><td class='tdright'>2.30</td><td class='tdright'>0.93</td><td class='tdright'>0.880</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>23</td><td class='tdright'>44,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.93</td><td class='tdright'>2.40</td><td class='tdright'>1.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.980</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>25,000 lb. Slight Crack; 47,000 lb. Failed.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>20,000 lb. First Crack; 22,050 lb. Failed.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 22,000 lb.; deflection, 0.40 in.; <i>S</i>, 3,090 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 14,000 lb.; deflection, 0.315 in.; <i>S</i>, 1,998 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>Maximum: Load, 47,000 lb.; deflection,.......; <i>S</i>, 6,610 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>Maximum: Load, 22,050 lb.; deflection,.......; <i>S</i>, 3,145 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sdbr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'> <i>E</i> = 1,670,000 lb.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'><i>E</i> = 1,382,000 lb.</td></tr> +</table></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>TABLE 4.—(<i>Continued.</i>)—<span class="smcap">Load and Deflection Log. Beam VI.</span></h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Load and Deflection Log. Beam VI."> +<tr> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>Date: February 12th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 5.5 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.75 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.88 in. Time = 40 min.</td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>Date: February 13th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 5.87 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.62 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.81 in.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> +<td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>No.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 1</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.22</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.30</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.28</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.30</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 2</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>1.34</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.30</td><td class='tdright'>0.02</td><td class='tdright'>1.35</td><td class='tdright'>0.05</td><td class='tdright'>0.035</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 3</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.07</td><td class='tdright'>1.38</td><td class='tdright'>0.08</td><td class='tdright'>0.075</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.08</td><td class='tdright'>1.39</td><td class='tdright'>0.09</td><td class='tdright'>0.085</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 4</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.33</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>1.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.12</td><td class='tdright'>0.115</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.12</td><td class='tdright'>1.44</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.130</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 5</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>1.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.17</td><td class='tdright'>0.160</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>1.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.17</td><td class='tdright'>0.160</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 6</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.20</td><td class='tdright'>1.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.21</td><td class='tdright'>0.205</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>1.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.21</td><td class='tdright'>0.200</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 7</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.45</td><td class='tdright'>0.23</td><td class='tdright'>1.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.240</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.23</td><td class='tdright'>1.56</td><td class='tdright'>0.26</td><td class='tdright'>0.245</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 8</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>1.59</td><td class='tdright'>0.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.285</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>1.60</td><td class='tdright'>0.30</td><td class='tdright'>0.285</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 9</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>1.63</td><td class='tdright'>0.33</td><td class='tdright'>0.325</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.59</td><td class='tdright'>0.31</td><td class='tdright'>1.64</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>0.325</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>10</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.36</td><td class='tdright'>1.68</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>0.370</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.62</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>1.69</td><td class='tdright'>0.39</td><td class='tdright'>0.365</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>11</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.61</td><td class='tdright'>0.39</td><td class='tdright'>1.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.405</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.66</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>1.74</td><td class='tdright'>0.44</td><td class='tdright'>0.410</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>12</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.66</td><td class='tdright'>0.44</td><td class='tdright'>1.76</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>0.450</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.71</td><td class='tdright'>0.43</td><td class='tdright'>1.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.465</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>13</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.81</td><td class='tdright'>0.59</td><td class='tdright'>1.81</td><td class='tdright'>0.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.550</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.77</td><td class='tdright'>0.49</td><td class='tdright'>1.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.515</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>14</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.86</td><td class='tdright'>0.64</td><td class='tdright'>1.86</td><td class='tdright'>0.56</td><td class='tdright'>0.600</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.83</td><td class='tdright'>0.55</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.60</td><td class='tdright'>0.575</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>15</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.69</td><td class='tdright'>1.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.61</td><td class='tdright'>0.650</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.62</td><td class='tdright'>1.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>0.645</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>16</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.96</td><td class='tdright'>0.74</td><td class='tdright'>1.96</td><td class='tdright'>0.66</td><td class='tdright'>0.700</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.97</td><td class='tdright'>0.69</td><td class='tdright'>2.02</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.705</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>17</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.00</td><td class='tdright'>0.78</td><td class='tdright'>2.02</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.750</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.12</td><td class='tdright'>0.84</td><td class='tdright'>2.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.820</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>18</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.82</td><td class='tdright'>2.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.81</td><td class='tdright'>0.815</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.92</td><td class='tdright'>2.16</td><td class='tdright'>0.86</td><td class='tdright'>0.885</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>19</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.88</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.90</td><td class='tdright'>0.890</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.29</td><td class='tdright'>1.01</td><td class='tdright'>2.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.94</td><td class='tdright'>0.975</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>20</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.16</td><td class='tdright'>0.94</td><td class='tdright'>2.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.95</td><td class='tdright'>0.945</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.39</td><td class='tdright'>1.11</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>1.02</td><td class='tdright'>1.065</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>21</td><td class='tdright'>40,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.28</td><td class='tdright'>1.06</td><td class='tdright'>2.38</td><td class='tdright'>1.08</td><td class='tdright'>1.070</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>22</td><td class='tdright'>42,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.38</td><td class='tdright'>1.16</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>1.12</td><td class='tdright'>1.140</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>23</td><td class='tdright'>44,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.44</td><td class='tdright'>1.22</td><td class='tdright'>2.52</td><td class='tdright'>1.22</td><td class='tdright'>1.220</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>24</td><td class='tdright'>46,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.53</td><td class='tdright'>1.31</td><td class='tdright'>2.60</td><td class='tdright'>1.30</td><td class='tdright'>1.305</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>25</td><td class='tdright'>48,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.66</td><td class='tdright'>1.44</td><td class='tdright'>2.71</td><td class='tdright'>1.41</td><td class='tdright'>1.425</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>26</td><td class='tdright'>50,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.78</td><td class='tdright'>1.56</td><td class='tdright'>2.87</td><td class='tdright'>1.57</td><td class='tdright'>1.565</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>33,000 lb., First Crack; 51,330 lb., Failed.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>24,000 lb., First Crack; 44,000 lb., Failed.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 22,000 lb.; deflection, 0.45 in.; <i>S</i>, 3,484 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 20,000 lb.; deflection, 0.41 in.; <i>S</i>, 3,018 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>Maximum: Load, 51,330 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 8,925 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>Maximum: Load, 44,000 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 6,627 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sdbr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'> <i>E</i> = 1,695,000 lb.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'><i>E</i> = 1,625,000 lb.</td></tr> +</table></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>TABLE 4.—(<i>Continued.</i>)—<span class="smcap">Load and Deflection Log. Beam VII.</span></h4> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Load and Deflection Log. Beam VII."> +<tr> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>Date: March 2d, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6.56 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.62 in.;<br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.81 in. Time = 1 hr.</td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>Date: February 20th, 1909.<br /> + <i>l</i> = 12 ft.; <i>b</i> (mean) = 6.22 in.;<br /> + <i>h</i> (mean) = 15.62 in.; <br /> + <i>c</i> = 7.81 in. Time = 33 min.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='topr'> +<td class='tdcenter' rowspan='2'>No.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +<td class='tdcenter'><i>P</i></td> +<td class='tdcenter' colspan='5'><span class="smcap">Deflection, in Inches.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr class='stnrs'> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Load, in pounds.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Reading.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Total deflection.</td> +<td class='tdcenter'>Mean total deflection.</td> +</tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 1</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.84</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.71</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.69</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'>1.73</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td><td class='tdright'> 0</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 2</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.88</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>1.74</td><td class='tdright'>0.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.035</td><td class='tdright'> 2,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.72</td><td class='tdright'>0.03</td><td class='tdright'>1.77</td><td class='tdright'>0.04</td><td class='tdright'>0.035</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 3</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.08</td><td class='tdright'>1.79</td><td class='tdright'>0.08</td><td class='tdright'>0.080</td><td class='tdright'> 4,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.76</td><td class='tdright'>0.07</td><td class='tdright'>1.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.07</td><td class='tdright'>0.070</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 4</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.96</td><td class='tdright'>0.12</td><td class='tdright'>1.81</td><td class='tdright'>0.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.110</td><td class='tdright'> 6,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.80</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>1.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.110</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 5</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.00</td><td class='tdright'>0.16</td><td class='tdright'>1.85</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.150</td><td class='tdright'> 8,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.84</td><td class='tdright'>0.15</td><td class='tdright'>1.87</td><td class='tdright'>0.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.145</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 6</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>1.89</td><td class='tdright'>0.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.185</td><td class='tdright'>10,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.88</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>1.92</td><td class='tdright'>0.19</td><td class='tdright'>0.190</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 7</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>1.93</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.220</td><td class='tdright'>12,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.91</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>1.95</td><td class='tdright'>0.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.220</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 8</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>1.95</td><td class='tdright'>0.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.255</td><td class='tdright'>14,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.95</td><td class='tdright'>0.26</td><td class='tdright'>2.00</td><td class='tdright'>0.27</td><td class='tdright'>0.265</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'> 9</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.14</td><td class='tdright'>0.30</td><td class='tdright'>1.99</td><td class='tdright'>0.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.290</td><td class='tdright'>16,000</td><td class='tdright'>1.99</td><td class='tdright'>0.30</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.30</td><td class='tdright'>0.300</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>10</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.18</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.330</td><td class='tdright'>18,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.03</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>2.06</td><td class='tdright'>0.33</td><td class='tdright'>0.335</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>11</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.22</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>2.05</td><td class='tdright'>0.34</td><td class='tdright'>0.360</td><td class='tdright'>20,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.07</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>2.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.38</td><td class='tdright'>0.380</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>12</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.41</td><td class='tdright'>2.10</td><td class='tdright'>0.39</td><td class='tdright'>0.400</td><td class='tdright'>22,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.11</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>2.16</td><td class='tdright'>0.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.425</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>13</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.45</td><td class='tdright'>2.13</td><td class='tdright'>0.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.435</td><td class='tdright'>24,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.15</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>2.20</td><td class='tdright'>0.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.465</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>14</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.48</td><td class='tdright'>2.17</td><td class='tdright'>0.46</td><td class='tdright'>0.470</td><td class='tdright'>26,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.19</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>2.24</td><td class='tdright'>0.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.505</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>15</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.52</td><td class='tdright'>2.21</td><td class='tdright'>0.50</td><td class='tdright'>0.510</td><td class='tdright'>28,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.23</td><td class='tdright'>0.54</td><td class='tdright'>2.28</td><td class='tdright'>0.55</td><td class='tdright'>0.545</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>16</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.40</td><td class='tdright'>0.56</td><td class='tdright'>2.25</td><td class='tdright'>0.54</td><td class='tdright'>0.550</td><td class='tdright'>30,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.27</td><td class='tdright'>0.58</td><td class='tdright'>2.33</td><td class='tdright'>0.60</td><td class='tdright'>0.590</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>17</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.43</td><td class='tdright'>0.59</td><td class='tdright'>2.29</td><td class='tdright'>0.58</td><td class='tdright'>0.585</td><td class='tdright'>32,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.63</td><td class='tdright'>2.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.64</td><td class='tdright'>0.635</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>18</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.47</td><td class='tdright'>0.63</td><td class='tdright'>2.32</td><td class='tdright'>0.61</td><td class='tdright'>0.620</td><td class='tdright'>34,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.36</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>2.42</td><td class='tdright'>0.69</td><td class='tdright'>0.680</td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>19</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.51</td><td class='tdright'>0.67</td><td class='tdright'>2.37</td><td class='tdright'>0.66</td><td class='tdright'>0.665</td><td class='tdright'>36,000</td><td class='center' colspan='5'> </td></tr> +<tr class='midr'><td class='tdright'>20</td><td class='tdright'>38,000</td><td class='tdright'>2.56</td><td class='tdright'>0.72</td><td class='tdright'>2.41</td><td class='tdright'>0.70</td><td class='tdright'>0.710</td><td class='center' colspan='6'> </td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'>27,000 lb., First Crack; 51,900 lb., Failed.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'>28,000 lb., First Crack; 49,000 lb., Failed.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 34,000 lb.; deflection, 0.62 in.; <i>S</i>, 4,580 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>At Elastic Limit: Load, 20,000 lb.; deflection, 0.38 in.; <i>S</i>, 2,845 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sidr'><td class='tdleft' colspan='7'>Maximum: Load, 51,900 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 6,985 lb.</td><td class='tdleft' colspan='6'>Maximum: Load, 49,000 lb.; deflection,.....; <i>S</i>, 6,970 lb.</td></tr> +<tr class='sdbr'><td class='tdcenter' colspan='7'><i>E</i> = 1,637,000 lb.</td><td class='tdcenter' colspan='6'><i>E</i> = 1,658,000 lb.</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Transactions of the American Society +of Civil Engineers, vol. 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