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+Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 3, by William Curtis
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 3
+ Or, Flower-Garden Displayed
+
+Author: William Curtis
+
+Release Date: February 3, 2006 [EBook #17672]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 3 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jason Isbell, Janet Blenkinship and the Online
+Distributed Proofreaders Europe at http://dp.rastko.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ THE
+
+ ~Botanical Magazine~;
+
+ OR,
+
+ ~Flower-Garden Displayed~:
+
+ IN WHICH
+
+
+ The most Ornamental Foreign Plants, cultivated in the
+ Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are accurately
+ represented in their natural Colours.
+
+ TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
+
+ Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according
+ to the celebrated Linnæus; their Places of Growth, and
+ Times of Flowering:
+
+ TOGETHER WITH
+
+ THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.
+
+ A WORK
+
+ Intended for the Use of such Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as
+ wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.
+
+ ~By WILLIAM CURTIS~,
+
+ Author of the Flora Londinensis.
+
+ ~VOL. III.~
+
+
+ "The spleen is seldom felt where Flora reigns;
+ The low'ring eye, the petulance, the frown,
+ And sullen sadness, that o'ershade, distort,
+ And mar the face of beauty, when no cause
+ For such immeasurable woe appears;
+ These Flora banishes, and gives the fair
+ Sweet smiles and bloom, less transient than her own."
+ COWPER.
+
+
+ LONDON:
+
+ Printed by Couchman and Fry, Throgmorton-Street,
+
+ For W. CURTIS, at his Botanic-Garden, Lambeth-Marsh;
+
+ And Sold by the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.
+
+ M DCC XC.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+
+
+[73]
+
+MONSONIA SPECIOSA. LARGE-FLOWER'D MONSONIA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYADELPHIA DODECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 5-phyllus. _Cor._ 5-petala. _Stam._ 15. connata in 5 filamenta.
+ _Stylus_ 5-fidus. _Caps._ 5-cocca.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+MONSONIA _speciosa_ foliis quinatis: foliolis bipinnatis, _Lin. Syst.
+ Vegetab. p. 697._
+
+MONSONIA grandiflora. _Burm. prodr. 23._
+
+[Illustration: No 73]
+
+The genus of which this charming plant is the most distinguished
+species, has been named in honour of _Lady Anne Monson_. The whole
+family are natives of the Cape, and in their habit and fructification
+bear great affinity to the Geranium. The present species was introduced
+into this country in 1774, by Mr. MASSON.
+
+We received this elegant plant just as it was coming into flower, from
+Mr. COLVILL, Nurseryman, King's-Road, Chelsea, who was so
+obliging as to inform me that he had succeeded best in propagating it by
+planting cuttings of the root in pots of mould, and plunging them in a
+tan-pit, watering them as occasion may require; in due time buds appear
+on the tops of the cuttings left out of the ground.
+
+It rarely or never ripens its seed with us.
+
+Should be treated as a hardy greenhouse plant; may be sheltered even
+under a frame, in the winter.
+
+
+
+
+[74]
+
+ANTIRRHINUM TRISTE. MELANCHOLY OR BLACK-FLOWER'D TOAD-FLAX.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIDYNAMIA ANGIOPSPERMIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 5-phyllus. _Cor._ basis deorsum prominens, nectarifera. _Caps._
+ 2. locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ANTIRRHINUM _triste_ foliis linearibus sparsis inferioribus oppositis
+ nectariis subulatis, floribus sub-sessilibus. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab.
+ p. 555._
+
+LINARIA tristis hispanica. _Dill. Elth. 201. t. 164. f. 199._
+
+[Illustration: No 74]
+
+Receives its name of _triste_ from the sombre appearance of its flowers;
+but this must be understood when placed at some little distance, for, on
+a near view, the principal colour of the blossoms is a fine rich brown,
+inclined to purple.
+
+Is a native of Spain, and of course a greenhouse plant with us, but it
+must not be too tenderly treated, as it loses much of its beauty when
+drawn up, it should therefore be kept out of doors when the season will
+admit, as it only requires shelter from severe frost, and that a common
+hot-bed frame will in general sufficiently afford it.
+
+It flowers during most of the summer months; as it rarely or never
+ripens its seeds with us, the usual mode of propagating it, is by
+cuttings, which strike readily enough in the common way.
+
+MILLER relates that it was first introduced into this country
+by Sir CHARLES WAGER, from Gibraltar seeds.
+
+
+
+
+[75]
+
+POTENTILLA GRANDIFLORA. LARGE-FLOWER'D POTENTILLA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 10-fidus. _Petala_ 5. _Sem._ subrotunda, nuda, receptaculo parvo
+ exsucco affixa.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+POTENTILLA _grandiflora_ foliis ternatis dentatis utrinque subpilosis,
+ caule decumbente foliis longiore, _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 715._
+
+FRAGARIA sterilis, amplissimo folio et flore petalis cordatis, _Vaill.
+ Paris. 55. t. 10. f. 1._
+
+[Illustration: No 75]
+
+
+Culture is well known to produce great alterations in the appearance of
+most plants, but particularly in those which grow spontaneously on dry
+mountainous situations, and this is strikingly exemplified in the
+present instance, this species of _Potentilla_, becoming in every
+respect much larger, as well as much smoother than in its natural state.
+_Vid._ VAILL. above quoted.
+
+It is a hardy herbaceous plant, a native of Switzerland, Siberia, and
+other parts of Europe, and flowers in July.
+
+LINNÆUS considers it as an annual; MILLER, as a
+biennial; we suspect it to be, indeed have little doubt of its being a
+perennial; having propagated it by parting its roots, but it may be
+raised more successfully from seed.
+
+
+
+
+[76]
+
+EPILOBIUM ANGUSTISSIMUM. NARROWEST LEAV'D WILLOW-HERB.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 4-fidus. _Petala_ 4. _Caps._ oblonga, infera. _Sem._ papposa.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+EPILOBIUM angustifolium, foliis sparsis linearibus obsolete denticulatis
+ aveniis, petalis æqualibus integerrimis, _Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 5._
+
+EPILOBIUM _angustifolium_, var. _Lin. Sp. Pl._
+
+EPILOBIUM flore difformi, foliis linearibus. _Hall, Hist. Helv. p. 427.
+ n. 1001._
+
+[Illustration: No 76]
+
+Though the _Epilobium_ here figured has not been many years introduced
+into this country, it is a plant which has long been well known, and
+described.
+
+LINNÆUS makes it a variety only of the _Epilobium
+angustifolium_; HALLER, a distinct species, and in our opinion,
+most justly.
+
+Those who have cultivated the _Epilobium angustifolium_ have cause to
+know that it increases prodigiously by its creeping roots. The present
+plant, so far as we have been able to determine from cultivating it
+several years, in our Garden, Lambeth-Marsh, has not shewn the least
+disposition to increase in the same way, nor have any seedlings arisen
+from the seeds which it has spontaneously scattered: we have, indeed,
+found it a plant rather difficult to propagate, yet it is highly
+probable that at a greater distance from London, and in a more
+favourable soil, its roots, though not of the creeping kind, may admit
+of a greater increase, and its seeds be more prolific.
+
+It is a native of the Alps of Switzerland, from whence it is frequently
+dislodged, and carried into the plains by the impetuosity of torrents.
+
+It flowers with us in July and August, and being a hardy perennial, and
+perhaps the most elegant species of the genus, appears to us highly
+deserving a place in the gardens of the curious.
+
+
+
+
+[77]
+
+CENTAUREA MONTANA. GREATER BLUE-BOTTLE.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Receptaculum setosum. Pappus simplex. Corollæ radii infundibuliformes,
+ longiores, irregulares.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+CENTAUREA montana calycibus serratis, foliis lanceolatis decurrentibus
+ caule simplicissimo. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 785._
+
+CYANUS montanus latifolius S. Verbasculum cyanoides. _Bauh. Pin. 273._
+
+CYANUS major. _Lobel. icon. 548._
+
+[Illustration: No 77]
+
+It has been suggested by some of our readers, that too many common
+plants, like the present, are figured in this work. We wish it to be
+understood, that the professed design of the Botanical Magazine is to
+exhibit representations of such. We are desirous of putting it in the
+power of all who cultivate or amuse themselves with plants, to become
+scientifically acquainted with them, as far as our labours extend; and
+we deem it of more consequence, that they should be able to ascertain
+such as are to be found in every garden, than such as they may never
+have an opportunity of seeing. On viewing the representations of objects
+of this sort, a desire of seeing the original is naturally excited, and
+the pleasure is greatly enhanced by having it in our power to possess
+it. But, while we are desirous of thus creating Botanists, we are no
+less anxious to gratify the wishes of those already such; and we
+believe, from a perusal of the Magazine, it will appear that one-third
+of the plants figured, have some pretensions to novelty.
+
+The _Centaurea montana_ is a native of the German Alps, flowers during
+the greatest part of the summer, is a hardy perennial, and will grow in
+any soil or situation, some will think too readily.
+
+
+
+
+[78]
+
+NARCISSUS ODORUS. SWEET-SCENTED, OR GREAT JONQUIL.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Petala_ 6-æqualia. _Nectario_ infundibuliformi, 1-phyllo. _Stamina_
+ intra nectarium.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+NARCISSUS _odorus_ spatha sub-biflora, nectario campanulato sexfido lævi
+ dimidio petalis breviore, foliis semicylindricis. _Lin. Syst.
+ Vegetab. p. 317._
+
+NARCISSUS angustifolius, five juncifolius maximus amplo calice.
+
+The Great Jonquilia with the large flower or cup. _Park Parad. p. 89.
+ fig. 5._
+
+[Illustration: No 78]
+
+We shall be thought, perhaps, too partial to this tribe of plants, this
+being the fifth species now figured; but it should be remembered, that
+as the spring does not afford that variety of flowers which the summer
+does, we are more limited in our choice; the flowers of this delightful
+season have also greater claims to our notice, they present themselves
+with double charms.
+
+This species, which, as its name implies, possesses more fragrance than
+many of the others, is a native of the South of Europe, flowers in the
+open border in April, is a hardy-perennial, thriving in almost any soil
+or situation, but succeeds best in a loamy soil and eastern exposure.
+Varies with double flowers, in which slate it is often used for forcing.
+
+No notice is taken of this species by MILLER, except as a
+variety of the N. _Jonquilla_, from which it differs _toto calo_.
+
+
+
+
+[79]
+
+LOTUS JACOBÆUS. BLACK-FLOWER'D LOTUS.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Legumen_ cylindricum strictum. _Alæ_ sursum longitudinaliter
+ conniventes. _Cal._ tubulosus.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LOTUS _Jacobæus_ leguminibus subternatis, caule herbaceo erecto,
+ foliolis linearibus. _Lin. Syst. Veg. 601._
+
+LOTUS angustifolia, flore luteo purpurascente, infulæ S. Jacobi. _Comm.
+ hort. 2. p. 165. t. 83._
+
+[Illustration: No 79]
+
+This species of _Lotus_ has been called black-flower'd, not that the
+flowers are absolutely black, for they are of a very rich brown inclined
+to purple, but because they appear so at a little distance; the light
+colour of the foliage contributes not a little to this appearance.
+
+"It grows naturally in the Island of St. James; is too tender to live
+abroad in England, so the plants must be kept in pots, and in the winter
+placed in a warm airy glass cafe, but in the summer they should be
+placed abroad in a sheltered situation. It may be easily propagated by
+cuttings during the summer season, and also by seeds, but the plants
+which have been two or three times propagated by cuttings, seldom are
+fruitful." _Miller's Gard. Dict._
+
+It continues to flower during the whole of the summer; as it is very apt
+to die off without any apparent cause, care should be taken to have a
+succession of plants from seeds, if possible.
+
+
+
+
+[80]
+
+SPIGELIA MARILANDICA. MARYLAND SPIGELIA, OR WORM-GRASS.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ infundibuliformis. _Capsula_ didyma. 2-locularis,
+ polysperma.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SPIGELIA _Marilandica_ caule tetragono, foliis omnibus oppositis. _Lin.
+ Syst. Veg. p. 197._ _Mant. 2. p. 338._
+
+LONICERA _Marilandica_, _Spec. Pl. ed. 3. p. 249._
+
+PERICLYMENI virginiani flore coccineo planta marilandica spicata erecta
+ foliis conjugatis. _D. Sherard Raii Suppl. p. 32._ _Catesb. Carol.
+ 11. t. 78._
+
+ANTHELMIA Indian pink. _Dr. Lining. Essays Physical and Literary, Vol.
+ 1. and Vol. 3._
+
+[Illustration: No 80]
+
+This plant, not less celebrated for its superior efficacy in destroying
+worms[A], than admired for its beauty, is a native of the warmer parts
+of North America; the older Botanists, and even LINNÆUS, at one
+time considered it as a _honeysuckle_, but he has now made a new genus
+of it, which he has named in honour of SPIGELIUS, a Botanist of
+considerable note, author of the _Ifagog. in yem herbar_. published at
+_Leyden_ in 1633.
+
+"This plant is not easily propagated in England, for the roots make but
+slow increase, so that the plant is not very common in the English
+Gardens at present; for although it is so hardy as to endure the cold of
+our ordinary winters in the open air, yet as it does not ripen seeds,
+the only way of propagating it is by parting of the roots; and as these
+do not make much increase by offsets, so the plants are scarce; it
+delights in a moist soil, and must not be often transplanted." _Miller's
+Dict._
+
+The scarcity of this plant, even now, is a proof of the justness of Mr.
+MILLER's observation; it is in fact a very shy plant, and
+scarcely to be kept in this country but by frequent importation.
+
+It flowers in June and July.
+
+[Footnote A: _Vid. Lewis's Mater. Medica._]
+
+
+
+
+[81]
+
+COLUTEA ARBORESCENS. TREE COLUTEA, OR BLADDER SENNA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-fidus. _Legumen_ inflatum, basi superiore dehiscens.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+COLUTEA _arborescens_ arborea foliolis obcordatis. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab.
+ p. 668._
+
+COLUTEA vesicaria. _Bauh. Pin. 396._
+
+The greater Bastard Senna with bladders. _Park. Par. 440._
+
+[Illustration: No 81]
+
+The Bladder Senna, a native of the South of France and Italy, produces a
+profusion of bloom from June to August, when its inflated pods please
+from the singularity of their appearance; on these accounts, it is one
+of the most common flowering shrubs cultivated in gardens and
+plantations.
+
+"It is propagated by sowing its seeds any time in the spring in a bed of
+common earth; and when the plants are come up, they must be kept clear
+from weeds, and the Michaelmas following they should be transplanted
+either into nursery-rows, or in the places where they are designed to
+remain; for if they are let grow in the seed-bed too long, they are very
+subject to have tap roots, which render them unfit for transplanting;
+nor should these trees be suffered to remain too long in the nursery
+before they are transplanted, for the same reason." _Miller's Gard.
+Dict._
+
+We have learned by experience, that a very wet soil will prove fatal to
+these shrubs.
+
+
+
+
+[82]
+
+LACHENALIA TRICOLOR. THREE-COLOURED LACHENALIA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ subtriphyllus, inferus, coloratus. _Corolla_ 3-petala,
+ receptaculo inferta. _Jacquin jun. in act. helv. vol. 9._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LACHENALIA _tricolor_. _Lin. Syst, Vegetab. ed. 14. p. 314._ _Jacq.
+ Icon. pl. rarior, t. 3._
+
+PHORMIUM _Aloides_. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. p. 336. Suppl. 205._
+
+[Illustration: No 82]
+
+To Mr. LEE, of the Vineyard, Hammersmith, the first, and as we
+understand, the only Nurseryman as yet in possession of this plant,
+which has but lately been introduced into this country from the Cape, we
+are indebted for the present specimen.
+
+Mr. JACQUIN, jun. who has figured and described it in the _Acta
+Helvetica_, gives it the name of _Lachenalia_, in honour of WARNERUS
+de la CHENAL, a very eminent Swiss Botanist, and the particular
+friend of the late illustrious HALLER. Our readers should be
+informed, that it had before been called by two other different names,
+viz. _Hyacinthus orchiodes_, and _Phormium aloides_, under the latter of
+which it now stands in the 14th edition of the _Systema Vegetabilium_,
+as well as that of _Lachenalia_.
+
+Its trivial name of _tricolor_ it receives from the three colours
+observable in the flowers; but it must be noticed, that it is only at
+the middle period of its flowering, that these three colours are highly
+distinguishable; as it advances, the brilliant orange of the top flowers
+dies away; the spots on the leaves also, which when the plant is young,
+give it the appearance of an orchis, as it advances into bloom become
+less and less conspicuous.
+
+Like most of the Cape plants, the _Lachenalia_ requires to be sheltered
+in the winter; during that season it must therefore be kept in a
+greenhouse, or hot-bed frame, well secured.
+
+It flowers in the spring, but its blowing may be accelerated by the
+warmth of the stove, for it bears forcing well enough.
+
+It is increased by offsets from the bulbs.
+
+
+
+
+[83]
+
+HIBISCUS SYRIACUS. SYRIAN HIBISCUS; commonly called ALTHÆA
+FRUTEX.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ duplex, exterior polyphyllus. _Capsula_ 5-locularis, polysperma.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+HIBISCUS _syriacus_ foliis cuneiformi ovatis superne incise-serratis,
+ caule arboreo. _Lin. Syst. Veg. p. 630._
+
+ALCEA arborescens syriaca. _Bauh. Pin. p. 316._
+
+ALTHÆA frutex flore albo vel purpureo. _Park. Par. p. 369._
+
+[Illustration: No 83]
+
+The _Hibiscus syriacus_, known generally by the name of _Althæa frutex_,
+is a native of Syria, and forms one of the chief ornaments of our
+gardens in autumn; we view it, however, with less delight, as it is a
+sure indication of approaching winter.
+
+There are many varieties of it mentioned by authors, as the _purple,
+red-flowered, white-flowered, variegated red and white flowered_, and
+the _striped-flowered_, to which may be added, another variety, lately
+introduced, with double flowers: it varies also in its foliage, which is
+sometimes marked with white, sometimes with yellow.
+
+As from the lateness of its flowering, and the want of sufficient
+warmth, it rarely ripens its seeds with us; the usual mode of increasing
+it is by layers, and sometimes by cuttings; but the best plants are
+raised from seeds. MILLER observes, that the scarce varieties
+may be propagated by grafting them on each other, which is the common
+method of propagating the sorts with striped leaves.
+
+In the time of PARKINSON it was not looked on as a hardy shrub:
+he thus writes,--"they are somewhat tender, and would not be suffered to
+be uncovered in the winter time, or yet abroad in the garden, but kept
+in a large pot or tubbe, in the house or in a warme cellar, if you would
+have them to thrive." _Park. Parad._
+
+
+
+
+[84]
+
+TUSSILAGO ALPINA. ALPINE COLTSFOOT.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Receptaculum_ nudum. _Pappus_ simplex. _Cal._ squamæ æquales, discum
+ æquantes, submembranaceæ.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+TUSSILAGO _alpina_ scapo unifloro subnudo, foliis cordato orbiculatis
+ crenatis utrinque virentibus. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 755._
+
+TUSSILAGO alpina rotundifolia glabra. _Bauh. Pin. 197._
+
+[Illustration: No 84]
+
+This species, a native of the Alps, of Switzerland, and Austria, is
+frequently kept in gardens for the sake of variety; like the rest of the
+genus, it flowers early in the spring, in March and April; is a very
+hardy perennial, increases most readily in a moist shady situation, is
+usually kept in pots for the convenience of sheltering it in very severe
+seasons; but it will grow readily enough in the open border. All plants
+that flower early, though ever so hardy, require some kind of shelter,
+previous to, and during their flowering.
+
+Is propagated by parting its roots in autumn.
+
+
+
+
+[85]
+
+SPARTIUM JUNGEUM. SPANISH BROOM.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Stigma_ longitudinale, supra villosum. _Filamenta_ germini adhærentia.
+ _Calyx_ deorsum productus.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SPARTIUM _junceum_ ramis oppositis teretibus apice floriferis, foliis
+ lanceolatis. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 643._
+
+SPARTIUM arborescens, feminibus lenti similibus. _Bauh. Pin. 396._
+
+Spanish Broom. _Park. Parad. p. 442. t. 443. fig. 4._
+
+[Illustration: No 85]
+
+Grows naturally in France, Spain, Italy, and Turkey; bears our climate
+extremely well; is a common shrub in our nurseries and plantations,
+which it much enlivens by its yellow blossoms: flowers from June to
+August, or longer in cool seasons.
+
+Is raised by seeds, which generally come up plentifully under the
+shrubs.
+
+MILLER mentions a variety of it, which, as inferior to the
+common sort, does not appear to be worth cultivating.
+
+
+
+
+[86]
+
+GLADIOLUS COMMUNIS. COMMON CORN-FLAG.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ sexpartita, ringens. _Stamina_ adscendentia.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+GLADIOLUS _communis_ foliis ensiformibus, floribus distantibus.
+
+GLADIOLUS utrinque floridus? _Bauh. Pin. 41._
+
+The French Corn-Flag. _Park. Parad. p. 189. t. 191. f. 1._
+
+[Illustration: No 86]
+
+Grows wild in the corn fields of most of the warmer parts of Europe,
+varies with white and flesh-coloured blossoms, increases so fast, both
+by offsets and seeds, as to become troublesome to the cultivator; hence,
+having been supplanted by the Greater Corn-Flag, the _Byzantinus_ of
+MILLER, whose blossoms are larger, and more shewy, it is not so
+generally found in gardens as formerly.
+
+It flowers in June.
+
+
+
+
+[87]
+
+HYOSCYAMUS AUREUS. GOLDEN-FLOWER'D HENBANE.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ infundibuliformis, obtusa. _Stamina_ inclinata. _Capsula_
+ operculata 2-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+HYOSCYAMUS _aureus_ foliis petiolatis dentatis acutis floribus
+ pedunculatis, fructibus pendulis. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 220._
+
+HYOSCYAMUS creticus luteus major. _Bauh. Pin. 169._
+
+[Illustration: No 87]
+
+A native of Crete, and other parts of the East.
+
+"Flowers most part of the summer, but seldom ripens seeds in England;
+will continue for several years, if kept in pots and sheltered in
+winter, for it will not live in the open air during that season; if
+placed under a common hot-bed frame, where it may enjoy as much free air
+as possible in mild weather, it will thrive better than when more
+tenderly treated.
+
+"It may be easily propagated by cuttings, which if planted in a shady
+border and covered with hand-glasses, in any of the summer months, they
+will take root in a month or six weeks, and may be afterwards planted in
+pots and treated like the old plants." MILLER's _Gard. Dict._
+
+It is, however, a more common practice to keep this plant in the stove
+in the winter; one advantage, at least, attends this method, we secure
+it with certainty.
+
+
+
+
+[88]
+
+NARCISSUS BULBOCODIUM. HOOP PETTICOAT NARCISSUS.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Petala_ 6, æqualia: _Nectario_ infundibuliformi, 1-phyllo. _Stamina_
+ intra nectarium.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+NARCISSUS _Bulbocodium_ spatha uniflora, nectario turbinato petalis
+ majore, staminibus pistilloque declinatis. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p.
+ 317._
+
+NARCISSUS montanus juncifolius, calyce aureo. _Bauhin. p. 53._
+
+The greater yellow Junquilia, or bastard Daffodil. _Park. Parad. p. 106.
+ t. 107. fig. 6. var. min. fig. 7._
+
+[Illustration: No 88]
+
+Grows spontaneously in Portugal; flowers in the open border about the
+middle of May, is an old inhabitant of our gardens, but, like the
+_triandrus_, is now become scarce, at least in the nurseries about
+London; in some gardens in Hampshire we have seen it grow abundantly:
+MILLER calls it the _Hoop Petticoat Narcissus_, the nectary, as
+he observes, being formed like the ladies hoop petticoats.
+
+It certainly is one of the neatest and most elegant of the genus, is
+propagated by offsets, and should be planted in a loamy soil, with an
+Eastern exposure.
+
+
+
+
+[89]
+
+VIOLA PEDATA CUT-LEAV'D VIOLET.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-phyllus. _Cor._ 5-petala, irregularis, postice cornuta.
+ _Capsula_ supera, 3-valvis; 1-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+VIOLA _pedata_ acaulis, foliis pedatis septempartitis. _Lin. Syst.
+ Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 802. Spec. Pl. p. 1323._ _Gronov. Fl.
+ Virg. ed. 2. p. 135._
+
+VIOLA _tricolor_ caule nudo, foliis tenuius dissectis. _Banist. Virg._
+
+VIOLA inodora flore purpurascente specioso, foliis ad modum digitorum
+ incisis. _Clayt. n. 254._
+
+[Illustration: No 89]
+
+This species of Violet, a native of Virginia, is very rarely met with in
+our gardens; the figure we have given, was drawn from a plant which
+flowered this spring in the garden of THOMAS SYKES, Esq. at
+Hackney, who possesses a very fine collection of plants, and of American
+ones in particular.
+
+It is more remarkable for the singularity of its foliage than the beauty
+of its blossoms; the former exhibit a very good example of the _folium
+pedatum_ of LINNÆUS, whence its name.
+
+MILLER, who calls it _multifida_ from a former edition of
+LINNÆUS's _Species Plantarum_, says, that the flowers are not
+succeeded by seeds here, hence it can only be propagated by parting its
+roots.
+
+The best mode of treating it, will be to place the roots in a pot of
+loam and bog earth mixed, and plunge the pot into a north border, where
+it must be sheltered in the winter, or taken up and kept in a common
+hot-bed frame.
+
+
+
+
+[90]
+
+GORTERIA RIGENS. RIGID-LEAV'D GORTERIA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
+
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Receptaculum_ nudum. _Pappus_ lanatus. _Corollæ_ radii ligulatæ.
+ _Calyx_ imbricatus, squamis spinosis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+GORTERIA _rigens_ foliis lanceolatis pinnatifidis, caule depresso,
+ scapis unifloris. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. 783. Sp.
+ Pl. ed. 3. p. 1284._
+
+ARCTOTIS ramis decumbentibus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis rigidis, subtus
+ argenteis. _Mill. Dict. et Icon. t. 49._
+
+ARCTOTHECA foliis rigidis leniter dissectis. _Vaill. act. 1728. n. 9._
+
+[Illustration: No 90]
+
+The GORTERIA, of which there are several species, and most of them, like
+the present, natives of the Cape, has been named in honour of DAVID DE
+GORTER, author of the _Flora Zutphanica_ and _Ingrica_; the trivial name
+of _rigens_ is given to this species from the rigidity of its leaves, a
+term which it is sometimes apt to exchange for the more common botanic
+name of _ringens_; an instance of such mistake occurs in the 6th edition
+of MILLER's _Gard. Dict._
+
+The greenhouse, to which it properly belongs, can scarcely boast a more
+shewy plant; its blossoms, when expanded by the heat of the sun, and it
+is only when the sun shines on them that they are fully expanded,
+exhibit an unrivalled brilliancy of appearance.
+
+It flowers in June, but rarely brings its seeds to perfection in this
+country, which is of the less consequence, as the plant is readily
+enough increased by cuttings.
+
+It requires the common treatment of a greenhouse plant.
+
+
+
+
+[91]
+
+IRIS SURFING. CHALCEDONIAN IRIS.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cor._ 6-petala, inæqualis, petalis alternis geniculato-patentibus.
+ _Stigmata_ petaliformia, cucullato-bilabiata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+IRIS _Surfing_ barbata foliis ensiformibus glabris, scapo unifloro,
+ petalis rotundatis. _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. p. 88._
+
+IRIS Surfing flore maximo et albo nigricante. _Bauh. Pin. 31._
+
+The great Turkey Flower-de-luce. _Park. Parad. 179._
+
+[Illustration: No 91]
+
+This species, by far the most magnificent of the Iris tribe, is a native
+of Persia, from a chief city of which it takes the name of Surfing;
+LINNÆUS informs us, that it was imported into Holland from
+Constantinople in 1573.
+
+Though an inhabitant of a much warmer climate than our own, it thrives
+readily in the open borders of our gardens; and, in certain favourable
+situations, flowers freely about the latter end of May or beginning of
+June. It succeeds best in a loamy soil and sunny exposure, with a pure
+air moisture, which favours the growth of most of the genus, is
+injurious and sometimes even fatal to this species.
+
+As it rarely ripens its seeds with us, it is generally propagated by
+parting its roots in autumn. These are also usually imported from
+Holland, and may be had of the importers of bulbs at a reasonable rate.
+
+Being liable to be destroyed by seasons unusually severe, it will be
+prudent to place a few roots of it in pots, either in the greenhouse or
+in a hot-bed frame during the winter.
+
+It bears forcing well.
+
+
+
+
+[92]
+
+SAXIFRAGA SARMENTOSA. STRAWBERRY SAXIFRAGE.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-partitus. _Cor._ 5-petala. _Caps._ 2-rostris, 1-locularis,
+ polysperma.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SAXIFRAGA _sarmentosa_ foliis radicalibus subrotundis cordatis crenatis,
+ sarmentis axillaribus radicantibus, corolla irregulari, racemo
+ composito. _Lin. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. p. 412._ _Suppl. p. 240._
+
+[Illustration: No 92]
+
+This species of Saxifrage differing so widely from the others, both in
+its habit and fructification, as to create a doubt in the minds of some,
+whether it ought not to be considered as a distinct genus, is a native
+of China, and one of the many plants which have been introduced into our
+gardens since the time of MILLER.
+
+Its round variegated leaves, and strawberry-like runners, the uncommon
+magnitude of the two lowermost pendant petals, joined to the very
+conspicuous glandular nectary in the centre of the flower, half
+surrounding the germen, render this species strikingly distinct.
+
+It is properly a greenhouse plant; in mild winters indeed it will bear
+the open air, especially if placed at the foot of a wall, or among
+rock-work; but, in such situations, it is frequently killed in severe
+seasons.
+
+It flowers in May and June, but does not produce its blossoms so freely
+as some others.
+
+No difficulty attends the propagation of it, for it increases so fast by
+its runners, as to be even troublesome.
+
+
+
+
+[93]
+
+SEMPERVIVUM MONANTHES. DWARF HOUSELEEK.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DODECANDRIA DODECAGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 12-partitus. _Petala_ 12. _Capsulæ_ 12. polyspermæ.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SEMPERVIVUM _monanthes_ foliis teretibus clavatis confertis, pedunculis
+ nudis subunifloris, nectariis obcordatis. _Aiton. Hort. Kew._
+
+[Illustration: No 93]
+
+It appears from the _Hortus Kewensis_, the publication of which is daily
+expected, that the plant here figured was first brought to this country
+from the Canary Islands, by Mr. FRANCIS MASSON, in the year
+1777.
+
+It is highly deserving the notice of the Botanist, not only as being by
+far the least species of the genus, but on account of its Nectaria;
+these, though not mentioned by LINNÆUS in his character of the genus,
+have been described by other authors, particularly JACQUIN and HALLER;
+and though not present in most, and but faintly visible in a few species
+of _Sempervivum_, in this plant form a principal part of the
+fructification; they are usually seven in number, but vary from six to
+eight.
+
+In the specimens we have examined, and which perhaps have been rendered
+luxuriant by culture, the number of stamina has been from twelve to
+sixteen; of styles, from six to eight; of flowers on the same stalk,
+from one to eight.
+
+It flowers during most of the summer months, succeeds very well with the
+common treatment of a greenhouse plant in the summer, but does best in a
+dry stove in the winter.
+
+Is readily increased by parting its roots.
+
+
+
+
+[94]
+
+SISYRINCHIUM IRIOIDES. IRIS-LEAV'D SISYRINCHIUM.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+GYNANDRIA TRIANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Monogyna. _Spatha_ diphylla. _Petala_ 6 plana. _Capsula_ tri-locularis,
+ infera.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+SISYRINCHIUM _iridioides_ foliis ensiformibus; petalis
+ oblongo-obcordatis, venosis; germinibus pyriformibus, subhirsutis.
+
+SISYRINCHIUM _Bermudiana._ _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 820. var. 2.
+ Spec. Pl. p. 1353._
+
+BERMUDIANA iridis folio, radice fibrosa. _Dill. Elth. 48. t. 41. f. 48._
+
+SISYRINCHIUM _Bermudiana_ foliis gladiolatis amplexicaulibus, pedunculis
+ brevioribus. _Miller's Dict. ed. 6. 4to._
+
+[Illustration: No 94]
+
+On comparing the present plant with the _Bermudiana graminea flore
+minore coeruleo_ of DILLENIUS, both of which I have growing,
+and now in pots before me, the difference appears so striking, that I am
+induced with him and MILLER to consider them as distinct
+species; especially as, on a close examination, there appear characters
+sufficient to justify me in the opinion, which characters are not
+altered by culture.
+
+It is a native of the Bermudian Islands, and flowers in the open border
+from May to the end of July; it is not uncommon to keep it in the
+greenhouse, for which, from its size &c. it is very well adapted; but it
+is not necessary to treat it tenderly, as it will bear a greater degree
+of cold than many plants usually considered as hardy.
+
+It may be propagated most readily by seeds, or by parting its roots in
+the autumn; should be planted on a border with an eastern aspect; soil
+the same as for bulbs.
+
+
+
+
+[95]
+
+GERANIUM RADULA. RASP-LEAV'D GERANIUM.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+Monogyna. _Stigmata_ 5. _Fructus_ rostratus, 5-coccus.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+GERANIUM _revolutum_ pedunculis subbifloris, foliis multifidis
+ linearibus scabris ad oras revolutis, caule arboreo. _Jacq. ic.
+ 133. collect. 1. p. 84._
+
+GERANIUM _Radula._ _Cavanill. Diss. 4. p. 262. t. 101. f. 1._
+
+[Illustration: No 95]
+
+This is one of the numerous tribe of _Geraniums_ introduced from the
+Cape since the time of MILLER: it takes the name of _Radula_,
+which is the Latin term for a rasp or file, from the rough rasp-like
+surface of the leaves.
+
+There are two varieties of it, a _major_ and a _minor_, which keep
+pretty constantly to their characters; and as this species is readily
+raised from seeds, it affords also many seminal varieties.
+
+As a Botanist, desirous of seeing plants distinct in their characters,
+we could almost wish it were impossible to raise these _foreign
+Geraniums_ from seeds; for, without pretending to any extraordinary
+discernment, we may venture to prophecy, that in a few years, from the
+multiplication of seminal varieties, springing from seeds casually, or
+perhaps purposely impregnated with the pollen of different sorts, such a
+crop will be produced as will baffle all our attempts to reduce to
+species, or even regular varieties.
+
+Such as are partial to this tribe, will no doubt wish to have this
+species in their collection; the blossoms are pretty, and the foliage is
+singular, but it remains but a short time in flower.
+
+It is readily propagated by cuttings.
+
+
+
+
+[96]
+
+LANTANA ACULEATA. PRICKLY LANTANA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 4-dentatus obsolete. _Stigma_ uncinato-refractum. _Drupa_ nucleo
+ 2-loculari.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LANTANA _aculeata_ foliis oppositis, caule aculeato ramoso spicis
+ hemisphæricis. _Lin. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. p. 566._
+
+[Illustration: No 96]
+
+According to MILLER, this species grows naturally in _Jamaica_,
+and most of the other Islands in the _West-Indies_, where it is called
+_wild Sage_; the flowers, which are very brilliant, are succeeded by
+roundish berries, which, when ripe, turn black, having a pulpy covering
+over a single hard seed.
+
+It is readily propagated by cuttings.
+
+Different plants vary greatly in the colour of their blossoms, and the
+prickliness of their stalks; the prickles are seldom found on the young
+shoots.
+
+This plant will bear to be placed abroad in the warmest summer months,
+the rest of the year it requires artificial heat. It is usually placed
+in the dry stove, to which, as it is seldom without flowers, it imparts
+great brilliancy.
+
+
+
+
+[97]
+
+FUCHSIA COCCINEA. SCARLET FUCHSIA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 1-phyllus, coloratus, corollifer, maximus. _Petala_ 4, parva,
+ _Bacca_ infera, 4-locularis, polysperma.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+FUCHSIA _coccinea_ foliis oppositis ovatis denticulatis; petalis
+ obovatis, obtusis. _Hort. Kew._
+
+THILCO _Feuillée it. 3. p. 64. t. 47._
+
+[Illustration: No 97]
+
+The present plant is a native of _Chili_, and was introduced to the
+royal gardens at Kew, in the year 1788, by Capt. FIRTH; it
+takes the name of _Fuchsia_ from _Fuchs_ a German Botanist of great
+celebrity, author of the _Historia Stirpium_ in _folio_, published in
+1542, containing five hundred and sixteen figures in wood; and which,
+though mere outlines, express the objects they are intended to
+represent, infinitely better than many laboured engravings of more
+modern times.
+
+Every person who can boast a hot-house will be anxious to possess the
+_Fuchsia_, as it is not only a plant of peculiar beauty, but produces
+its rich pendant blossoms through most of the summer; the petals in the
+centre of the flower are particularly deserving of notice; they somewhat
+resemble a small roll of the richest purple-coloured ribband.
+
+Though this plant will not succeed well in the winter, nor be easily
+propagated unless in a stove, it will flower very well during the summer
+months, in a good greenhouse or hot-bed frame, and though at present
+from its novelty it bears a high price, yet as it is readily propagated,
+both by layers, cuttings, and seeds, it will soon be within the purchase
+of every lover of plants.
+
+Mr. LEE, of Hammersmith, we understand first had this plant for
+sale.
+
+
+
+
+[98]
+
+TROPÆOLUM MINUS. SMALL TROPÆOLUM, OR INDIAN-CRESS.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 1-phyllus, calcaratus. _Petala_ 5, inæqualia. _Bacca_ tres,
+siccæ.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+TROPÆOLUM _minus_ foliis peltatis repandis, petalis acuminato-setaceis.
+ _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 357._
+
+Indian-Cresses, or yellow Larke's-heeles. _Park. Parad. p. 280._
+
+[Illustration: No 98]
+
+This species of _Tropæolum_ (which like the _majus_ already figured in
+this work, is a native of _Peru_) has long been an inhabitant of our
+gardens; it was the only species we had in the time of PARKINSON, by
+whom it is figured and described; it appears indeed to have been a great
+favourite with that intelligent author, for he says this plant "is of so
+great beauty and sweetnesse withall, that my garden of delight cannot
+bee unfurnished of it, and again the whole flower hath a fine small
+sent, very pleasing, which being placed in the middle of some Carnations
+or Gilloflowers (for they are in flower at the same time) make a
+delicate Tussimusie, as they call it, or Nosegay, both for sight and
+sent."
+
+As the _Passiflora cærulea_, from its superior beauty and hardiness, has
+in a great degree supplanted the _incarnata_, so has the _Tropæolum
+majus_ the _minus_; we have been informed indeed that it was entirely
+lost to our gardens till lately, when it was reintroduced by Dr.
+J. E. SMITH, who by distributing it to his friends, and the
+Nurserymen near London, has again rendered it tolerably plentiful.
+
+Like the _majus_ it is an annual, though by artificial heat it may be
+kept in a pot through the winter, as usually is the variety of it with
+double flowers; but as it will grow readily in the open air, in warm
+sheltered situations, it should be raised on a hot-bed, like other
+tender annuals, if we wish to have it flower early in the summer,
+continue long in blossom, and produce perfect seeds.
+
+
+
+
+[99]
+
+ANTIRRHINUM PURPUREUM. PURPLE TOAD-FLAX.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-phyllus. _Corollæ_ basis deorsum prominens, nectarifera.
+ _Capsula_ 2-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ANTIRRHINUM purpureum foliis quaternis linearibus, caule erecto spicato.
+ _Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 555._
+
+LINARIA purpurea major odorata. _Bauh. Pin. 213._
+
+LINARIA altera purpurea. _Dod. Pempt. 183._
+
+[Illustration: No 99]
+
+Though not so beautiful as many of the genus, this species is a common
+inhabitant of the flower-garden, in which it continues to blossom,
+during most of the summer.
+
+It is a native of Italy, and delights in a dry soil and situation; it
+will even flourish on walls, and hence will serve very well to decorate
+the more elevated parts of rock-work.
+
+When once introduced it comes up spontaneously from seeds.
+
+
+
+
+[100]
+
+LATHYRUS TINGITANUS. TANGIER PEA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Stylus_ planus, supra villosus, superne latior, _Cal._ laciniæ
+ superiores 2-breviores.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LATHYRUS _tingitanus_ pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliolis
+ alternis lanceolatis glabris, stipulis lunatis. _Lin. Syst.
+ Vegetab. p. 663._
+
+LATHYRUS tingitanus, filiquis orobi, flore amplo ruberrimo. _Moris,
+ hist. 2. p. 55._
+
+[Illustration: No 100]
+
+The Tangier Pea, a native of Morocco, cannot boast the agreeable scent,
+or variety of colours of the sweet Pea; nor does it continue so long in
+flower; nevertheless there is a richness in the colour of its blossoms,
+which entitles it to a place in the gardens of the curious, in which it
+is usually sown in the spring, with other hardy annuals.
+
+It flowers in June and July.
+
+The best mode of propagating it, is to, sow the seeds on the borders in
+patches, where the plants are to remain; thinning them when they come
+up, so as to leave only two or three together.
+
+
+
+
+[101]
+
+ALYSSUM HALIMIFOLIUM. SWEET ALYSSUM.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Filamenta_ quædam introrsum denticulo notata. _Silicula_ emarginata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ALYSSUM _halimifolium_ caulibus suffruticosis, diffusis, foliis
+ lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis, villosiusculis, staminibus
+ simplicibus, siliculis subrotundis integris. _Hort. Kew. V. 2. p.
+ 381._
+
+ALYSSUM halimifolium caulibus procumbentibus, perennantibus, foliis
+ lanceolato-linearibus, acutis, integerrimis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab.
+ p. 590._
+
+Thlaspi halimi folio sempervirens. _Herm. lugd. 594. t. 595._
+
+[Illustration: No 101]
+
+Grows spontaneously in dry situations, in the southernmost parts of
+Europe, where it is shrubby; and in similar situations it is so in some
+degree with us; but on our flower-borders, where it is usually sown, it
+grows so luxuriantly, that the stalks becoming juicy and tender, are
+generally destroyed by our frosts; hence it is an annual from
+peculiarity of circumstance; as such, it is very generally cultivated;
+the flowers exhibit a pretty, innocent appearance, and strongly diffuse
+an agreeable honey-like smell. They continue to blow through most of the
+summer months.
+
+It is a very proper plant for a wall or piece of rock-work; care must be
+taken, however, not to sow too much of the seed in one pot, as it
+spreads wide, but it may easily be reduced at any period of its growth,
+as it does not creep at the root.
+
+The specific description in the _Hortus Kewensis_ above referred to,
+admirably characterizes the plant, but surely at the expence of its
+generic character.
+
+
+
+
+[102]
+
+CAMPANULA SPECULUM. VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ campanulata, fundo clauso valvis staminiferis. _Stigma_
+ trifidum. _Capsula_ infera, poris lateralibus dehiscens.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+CAMPANULA Speculum caule ramosissimo, diffuso; foliis oblongis
+ subcrenatis, floribus solitariis, capsulis prismaticis. _Linn.
+ Syst. Vegetab. p. 209._
+
+ONOBRYCHIS arvensis f. Campanula arvensis erecta. _Bauh. Pin. 215._
+
+[Illustration: No 102]
+
+Grows wild among the corn in the South of Europe, is an annual, and,
+like the _Sweet Alyssum_, generally cultivated in our gardens, and most
+deservedly so indeed, for when a large assemblage of its blossoms are
+expanded by the rays of the sun, their brilliancy is such as almost to
+dazzle the eyes of the beholder.
+
+Those annuals which bear our winter's frosts without injury, are
+advantageously sown in the autumn; for by that means they flower more
+early, and their seeds ripen with more certainty; the present plant is
+one of those: it usually sows itself, and is therefore raised without
+any trouble.
+
+It begins to flower in May and June, and continues to enliven the garden
+till August or September.
+
+
+
+
+[103]
+
+PELARGONIUM ACETOSUM. SORREL CRANE'S-BILL.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-partitus: lacinia suprema definente in tubulum capillarem,
+ nectariferum, secus pedunculum decurrentem. _Cor._ 5-petala,
+ irregularis. _Filam._ 10. in æqualia: quorum 3 (raro 5) castrata.
+ _Fructus_, 5-coccus, rostratus: rostra spiralia, introrsum barbata.
+ _L'Herit. Geran._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+PELARGONIUM _acetosum_ umbellis paucifloris, foliis obovatis crenatis
+ glabris carnosis, petalis linearibus. _L'Herit. Monogr de Geran. n.
+ 97._
+
+GERANIUM _acetosum_ calycibus monophyllis, foliis glabris obovatis
+ carnosis crenatis, caule fruticoso laxo. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed.
+ 14._ _Murr. p. 613. Sp. Pl. p. 947._
+
+GERANIUM Africanum frutescens, folio crasso et glauco acetosæ sapore.
+ _Comm. præl. 51. t. 1._
+
+[Illustration: No 103]
+
+Mons. L'HERITIER, the celebrated French Botanist, who in the
+number, elegance, and accuracy of his engravings, appears ambitious of
+excelling all his contemporaries, in a work now executing on the family
+of _Geranium_, has thought it necessary to divide that numerous genus
+into three, viz. _Erodium_, _Pelargonium_, and _Geranium_.
+
+The _Erodium_ includes those which LINNÆUS (who noticing the
+great difference in their appearance, had made three divisions of them)
+describes with five fertile stamina, and calls Myrrhina; the
+_Pelargonium_ those with seven fertile stamina, his _Africana_; the
+_Geranium_, those with ten fertile stamina, his _Batrachia_.
+
+They are continued under the class _Monadelphia_, in which they now form
+three different orders, according to the number of their stamina, viz.
+_Pentandria_, _Heptandria_, and _Decandria_. If the principles of the
+Linnæan system had been strictly adhered to, they should perhaps have
+been separated into different classes; for though the _Pelargonium_ is
+Monadelphous, the _Geranium_ is not so; in consequence of this
+alteration, the _Geranium peltatum_ and _radula_, figured in a former
+part of this work, must now be called _Pelargonium peltatum_, and
+_radula_, and the _Geranium Reichardi_ be an _Erodium_.
+
+The leaves of this plant have somewhat the taste of sorrel, whence its
+name, it flowers during most of the summer, and is readily propagated by
+cuttings. MILLER mentions a variety of it with scarlet flowers.
+
+It is a native of the Cape, and known to have been cultivated in Chelsea
+Garden, in the year 1724.
+
+
+
+
+[104]
+
+LYSIMACHIA BULBIFERA. BULB-BEARING LOOSESTRIFE.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ rotata. _Capsula_ globosa, mucronata, 10-valvis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+LYSIMACHIA _stricta_ racemis terminalibus, petalis lanceolatis patulis,
+ foliis lanceolatis sessilibus. _Hort. Kew. p. 199._
+
+[Illustration: No 104]
+
+In the spring of the year 1781, I received roots of this plant from Mr.
+ROBERT SQUIBB, then at New-York, which produced flowers the
+ensuing summer, since that time, I have had frequent opportunities of
+observing a very peculiar circumstance in its oeconomy; after
+flowering, instead of producing seeds, it throws out _gemmæ vivaces_, or
+_bulbs_ of an unusual form, from the alæ of the leaves, which falling
+off in the month of October, when the plant decays, produce young plants
+the ensuing spring.
+
+As it is distinguished from all the known species of _Lysimachia_ by
+this circumstance, we have named it _bulbifera_ instead of _stricta_,
+under which it appears in the _Hortus Kewensis_.
+
+Some Botanists, whose abilities we revere, are of opinion that the
+trivial names of plants, which are or should be a kind of abridgment of
+the specific character, ought very rarely or never to be changed: we are
+not for altering them capriciously on every trivial occasion, but in
+such a case as the present, where the science is manifestly advanced by
+the alteration, it would surely have been criminal to have preferred a
+name, barely expressive, to one which immediately identifies the plant.
+
+The _Lysimachia bulbifera_ is a hardy perennial, grows spontaneously in
+boggy or swampy ground, and hence requires a moist soil. It flowers in
+August.
+
+
+
+
+[105]
+
+TRADESCANTIA VIRGINICA. VIRGINIAN TRADESCANTIA, OR SPIDERWORT.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ triphyllus. _Petala_ 3. _Filamenta_ villis articulatis.
+ _Capsula_ 3-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+TRADESCANTIA _Virginica_ erecta lævis, floribus congestis. _Linn. Syst.
+ Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 314. Sp. Pl. 411._
+
+ALLIUM five moly Virginianum. _Bauh. Pin. 506._
+
+PHALANGIUM Ephemerum Virginianum Joannis Tradescant.
+
+The soon-fading Spiderwort of Virginia, or Tradescant his Spiderwort.
+ _Park. Parad. 152. 5. t. 151. f. 4._
+
+[Illustration: No 105]
+
+Under the name of _Spiderwort_, the old Botanists arranged many plants
+of very different genera: the name is said to have arisen from the
+supposed efficacy of some of these plants, in curing the bite of a kind
+of spider, called _Phalangium_; not the _Phalangium_ of
+LINNÆUS, which is known to be perfectly harmless: under this
+name, PARKINSON minutely describes it; he mentions also, how he
+first obtained it.
+
+"This Spiderwort," says our venerable author, "is of late knowledge, and
+for it the Christian world is indebted unto that painful, industrious
+searcher, John Tradescant, who first received it of a friend that
+brought it out of Virginia, and hath imparted hereof, as of many other
+things, both to me and others."
+
+TOURNEFORT afterwards gave it the name of _Ephemerum_,
+expressive of the short duration of its flowers, which LINNÆUS
+changed to _Tradescantia_.
+
+Though a native of Virginia, it bears the severity of our climate
+uninjured, and being a beautiful, as well as hardy perennial, is found
+in almost every garden.
+
+Though each blossom lasts but a day, it has such a profusion in store,
+that it is seldom found without flowers through the whole of the summer.
+There are two varieties of it, the one with white the other with pale
+purple flowers. The most usual way of propagating it is by parting its
+roots in autumn to obtain varieties, we must sow its seeds.
+
+
+
+
+[106]
+
+IBERIS UMBELLATA. PURPLE CANDY-TUFT.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Corolla_ irregularis: _Petalis_ 2 exterioribus majoribus: _Silicula_
+ polysperma, emarginata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+IBERIS _umbellata_ herbacea, foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis,
+ inferioribus serratis; superioribus integerrimis. _Linn. Syst. Veg.
+ ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 589. Sp. Pl. p. 906._
+
+THLASPI umbellatum creticum, iberidis folio. _Bauh. Pin. 106._
+
+DRABA S. Arabis S. Thlaspi Candiæ. _Dod. pempt. 713._
+
+THLASPI creticum umbellatum flore albo et purpureo. Candy-Tufts, white
+ and purple. _Park. Parad. p. 390._
+
+[Illustration: No 106]
+
+The Candy-Tuft is one of those annuals which contribute generally to
+enliven the borders of the flower-garden: its usual colour is a pale
+purple, there is also a white variety of it, and another with deep but
+very bright purple flowers, the most desirable of the three, but where a
+garden is large enough to admit of it, all the varieties may be sown.
+
+For want of due discrimination, as MILLER has before observed,
+Nurserymen are apt to collect and mix with this species the seeds of
+another, viz. the _amara_, and which persons not much skilled in plants
+consider as the white variety; but a slight attention will discover it
+to be a very different plant, having smaller and longer heads, differing
+also in the shape of its leaves and seed vessels, too trifling a plant
+indeed to appear in the flower-garden.
+
+Purple Candy-Tuft is a native of the South of Europe, and flowers in
+June and July: it should be sown in the spring, on the borders of the
+flower-garden in patches; when the plants come up, a few only should be
+left, as they will thereby become stronger, produce more flowers, and be
+of longer duration.
+
+
+
+
+[107]
+
+CASSIA CHAMÆCRISTA. DWARF CASSIA.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ 5-phyllus. _Petala_ 5. _Antheræ_ superne 3 steriles; infimæ 3
+ rostratæ. _Legumen._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+CASSIA _Chamæcrista_ foliis multijugis, glandula petiolari pedicellata,
+ stipulis ensiformibus. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p.
+ 394._ _Hort. Kew. p. 54._
+
+CHAMÆCRISTA pavonis major. _Comm. Hort. 1. p. 53. t. 37._
+
+[Illustration: No 107]
+
+A native of the West-Indies, and of Virginia according to
+LINNÆUS; not common in our gardens, though cultivated as long
+ago as 1699, by the DUCHESS OF BEAUFORT; (_vid. Hort. Kew._)
+unnoticed by MILLER.
+
+This species, superior in beauty to many of the genus, is an annual, and
+consequently raised only from seeds, these must be sown in the spring,
+on a hot-bed, and when large enough to transplant, placed separately in
+pots of light loamy earth, then replunged into a moderate hot-bed to
+bring them forward, and in the month of June removed into a warm border,
+where, if the season prove favourable, they will flower very well
+towards August; but, as such seldom ripen their seeds, it will be proper
+to keep a few plants in the stove or greenhouse for that purpose,
+otherwise the species may be lost.
+
+
+
+
+[108]
+
+ANTHYLLIS TETRAPHYLLA. FOUR-LEAV'D LADIES-FINGER.
+
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Calyx_ ventricosus. _Legumen_ subrotundum, tectum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+ANTHYLLIS _tetraphylla_ herbacea, foliis quaterno-pinnatis. _Linn. Syst.
+ Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 25._ _Hort. Kew. vol. 3. p. 25._
+
+LOTUS pentaphyllos vesicaria. _Bauh. Pin. 332._
+
+TRIFOLIUM halicacabum. _Cam. Hort. 171. t. 47._
+
+[Illustration: No 108]
+
+An annual; the spontaneous growth of Spain, Italy, and Sicily, flowers
+in the open border in July, and ripens its seeds, in September.
+
+Long since cultivated in our gardens, but more as a rare, or curious,
+than a beautiful plant.
+
+Its seeds are to be sown in April, on a bed of light earth, where they
+are to remain; no other care is necessary than thinning them, and
+keeping them clear of weeds.
+
+
+
+
+ INDEX.
+
+ In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the _Third
+ Volume_ are alphabetically arranged.
+
+ _Pl._
+
+ 101 Alyssum halimifolium.
+ 108 Anthyllis tetraphylla.
+ 74 Antirrhinum triste.
+ 99 " purpureum.
+ 102 Campanula speculum.
+ 107 Cassia Chamæcrista.
+ 77 Centaurea montana.
+ 81 Colutea arborescens.
+ 76 Epilobium angustissimum.
+ 97 Fuchsia coccinea.
+ 95 Geranium Radula.
+ 86 Gladiolus communis.
+ 90 Gorteria rigens.
+ 83 Hibiscus syriacus.
+ 87 Hyoscyamus aureus.
+ 106 Iberis umbellata.
+ 91 Iris susiana.
+ 82 Lachenalia tricolor.
+ 96 Lantana aculeata.
+ 100 Lathyrus tingitanus.
+ 79 Lotus jacobæus.
+ 104 Lysimachia bulbifera.
+ 73 Monsonia speciosa.
+ 88 Narcissus Bulbocodium.
+ 78 " odorus.
+ 103 Pelargonium acetosum.
+ 75 Potentilla grandiflora.
+ 92 Saxifraga sarmentosa.
+ 93 Sempervivum monanthes.
+ 94 Sisyrinchium iridioides.
+ 85 Spartium junceum.
+ 80 Spigelia marilandica.
+ 105 Tradescantia virginica.
+ 98 Tropæolum minus.
+ 84 Tussilago alpina.
+ 89 Viola pedata.
+
+
+ INDEX.
+
+ In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the _Third
+ Volume_ are alphabetically arranged.
+
+ _Pl._
+
+ 101 Alyssum sweet.
+ 77 Blue-bottle greater.
+ 85 Broom Spanish.
+ 106 Candy-tuft purple.
+ 107 Cassia dwarf.
+ 84 Coltsfoot alpine.
+ 81 Colutea, or Bladder-Senna tree.
+ 86 Corn-flag common.
+ 103 Crane's-bill sorrel.
+ 97 Fuchsia scarlet.
+ 95 Geranium rasp-leav'd.
+ 90 Gorteria rigid-leav'd.
+ 87 Henbane golden-flower'd.
+ 83 Hibiscus Syrian.
+ 93 Houseleek dwarf.
+ 91 Iris chalcedonian.
+ 78 Jonquil great.
+ 82 Lachenalia three-colour'd.
+ 108 Ladies finger four-leav'd.
+ 96 Lantana prickly.
+ 102 Looking-glass Venus's.
+ 104 Loosestrife bulb-bearing.
+ 79 Lotus black-flower'd.
+ 73 Monsonica large-flower'd.
+ 88 Narcissus hoop-petticoat.
+ 100 Pea Tangier.
+ 75 Potentilla large-flower'd,
+ 92 Saxifrage Strawberry.
+ 94 Sisyrinchium Iris-leav'd.
+ 80 Spigelia, or Worm-grass Maryland.
+ 74 Toad-flax black-flower'd.
+ 99 " purple.
+ 105 Tradescantia Virginian.
+ 98 Tropæolum, or Indian cress, small.
+ 89 Violet cut-leav'd.
+ 76 Willow-herb narrowest-leav'd.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 3, by William Curtis
+
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