diff options
Diffstat (limited to '17645-h/17645-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | 17645-h/17645-h.htm | 3285 |
1 files changed, 3285 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/17645-h/17645-h.htm b/17645-h/17645-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b796dc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/17645-h/17645-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3285 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Arbor Day Leaves, by N.H. Egleston. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .u {text-decoration: underline;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .floatr { + float: right; + clear: right; + text-align: center; + border: 0px solid black; + padding: 3px; + margin: 0 0 0 4px; /* left margin to keep out from body */ + } + + .floatl { + float: left; + clear: left; + text-align: center; + border: 0px solid black; + padding: 2px; + margin: 0 4px 0 0; /* right margin to keep out from body */ + } + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i10 {display: block; margin-left: 10em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i12 {display: block; margin-left: 12em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i3 {display: block; margin-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i5 {display: block; margin-left: 5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i6 {display: block; margin-left: 6em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Arbor Day Leaves, by N.H. Egleston + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Arbor Day Leaves + A Complete Programme For Arbor Day Observance, Including + Readings, Recitations, Music, and General Information + +Author: N.H. Egleston + +Release Date: January 31, 2006 [EBook #17645] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARBOR DAY LEAVES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Library of Congress) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<h1>Arbor Day Leaves</h1> + + +<h3>BY</h3> + +<h2>N.H. EGLESTON</h2> + +<p style="text-align: center">OF THE FORESTRY DIVISION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON; +AUTHOR OF "HAND-BOOK OF TREE-PLANTING," ETC., ETC.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/image01.png" alt="title page" width="345" height="500" /></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> + </p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY<br /> +NEW YORK   CINCINNATI   CHICAGO</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> +<h2>Arbor Day Leaves</h2> + +<p style="text-align: center">A COMPLETE PROGRAMME FOR ARBOR DAY OBSERVANCE, INCLUDING READINGS, +RECITATIONS, MUSIC, AND GENERAL INFORMATION</p> + + +<h3>N.H. EGLESTON</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center">OF THE FORESTRY DIVISION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON. +AUTHOR OF "HAND-BOOK OF TREE-PLANTING," ETC.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/image04.png" alt="decoration" width="74" height="63" /></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +COPYRIGHT, 1893, BY<br /> +AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY<br /> +NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO BOSTON<br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<p> +<a href="#INTRODUCTION">Introduction</a> <a href="#Page_2">2</a><br /> +<a href="#ORIGIN">Origin of Arbor Day</a> <a href="#Page_2">2</a><br /> +<a href="#Readings">Readings for Arbor Day</a> <a href="#Page_3">3</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">About Trees—(J. Sterling Morton) <a href="#Page_3">3</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leaves, and What They Do <a href="#Page_5">5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bryant, the Poet of Trees <a href="#Page_8">8</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forest Hymn—(Bryant) <a href="#Page_8">8</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Russell Lowell <a href="#Page_9">9</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Oak—(James Russell Lowell) +<a href="#Page_9">9</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">What One Tree is Worth <a href="#Page_11">11</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Enduring Character of the Forests—(Susan Fenimore Cooper) +<a href="#Page_11">11</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Popular Poplar Tree—(Blanch Willis Howard) <a href="#Page_12">12</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forestry and the Need of It—(Hon. Adolph Lené) +<a href="#Page_12">12</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tree Weather Proverbs <a href="#Page_13">13</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Flowers <a href="#Page_13">13</a></span><br /> +<a href="#Celebrations">Arbor Day Celebrations</a> <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Growing Observance of Arbor Day <a href="#Page_14">14</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">States and Territories Observing Arbor Day <a href="#Page_15">15</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Encouraging Words <a href="#Page_15">15</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Best Use of Arbor Day <a href="#Page_16">16</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Trees in Their Leafless State <a href="#Page_18">18</a></span><br /> +<a href="#Programme">Programme for Arbor Day </a> <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I. Exercises in the School Room <a href="#Page_19">19</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">II. The March <a href="#Page_24">24</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">III. Exercises at the Tree Planting <a href="#Page_25">25</a></span></p> + + + +<p> +[<a href="#ADS">Advertisements</a>]<br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION</a>.</h2> + + +<p>In preparing the second number of our manual for Arbor Day, we have +endeavored to keep in mind the fact that Arbor Day was originally +designed not as a mere festival or holiday, a pleasant occasion for +children or adults, but to encourage the planting of trees for a +serious purpose—the lasting benefit of the country in all its +interests. As the poet Whittier has so well said, "The wealth, beauty, +fertility, and healthfulness of the country largely depend upon the +conservation of our forests and the planting of trees." Arbor Day is +not a floral festival, except as the trees may offer their bright +blossoms for the occasion. In making our selections from authors, +therefore, we have restricted ourselves to what they have said about +trees, and have endeavored also to choose only such selections as are +of high literary character, and so, not only admissible for occasional +use but worthy to be learned and carried in memory for life; trees of +thought which may be planted in the young minds in connection with +Arbor Day, to grow with their growth and be perpetual sources of +enjoyment.</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<h2><a name="ORIGIN">ORIGIN</a> OF ARBOR DAY.</h2> + +<p>To J. Sterling Morton, ex-Governor of Nebraska, and Secretary of +Agriculture under President Cleveland, belongs the honor of +originating this tree-planting festival, and he is popularly known +throughout our whole country as the "father of Arbor Day." So well has +the day been observed in Nebraska since 1872 that there are now over +700,000 acres of trees in that state planted by human hands.</p> + +<p>The successful establishment of the day in Nebraska commended it at +once to the people of other states, and it was soon adopted by Kansas, +Iowa, and Minnesota, and was not long in making its way into Michigan +and Ohio.</p> + +<p>In the latter state it took on a new character, which has caused it to +spread rapidly throughout the country. The teachers and pupils of the +schools were invited to unite in its observance, and instead of trees +being planted merely as screens from the winds, they were also planted +for ornamental purposes and as memorials of important historical +events and of celebrated persons, authors, statesmen, and others. Thus +the tree-planting has gained a literary aspect and an interest for all +classes, for young as well as old. In preparation for it the pupils of +the schools have been led to the study of trees, their characteristics +and uses. They have learned the history of celebrated trees and of +persons who have been connected with them. They have become familiar +with the lives of eminent persons and the best writings of +distinguished authors, and thus have received most valuable +instruction, while, at the same time, their finer tastes have been +cultivated.</p> + +<p>Since the observance of the day has been modified, as it was on its +introduction into Ohio, it has spread rapidly through the country and +at present forty-four states and territories celebrate Arbor Day. Its +every way healthful and desirable features have so generally commended +it also that it has gained a foothold abroad and has begun to be +observed in England, Scotland, France, and even in far-off South +Africa. It has become preëminently a school day and a school festival. +In many cases school teachers and superintendents have introduced its +observance. But it has soon so commended itself to all that, in most +cases, it has been established by law and made a legal holiday.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="Readings">Readings</a> for Arbor Day.</h2> + +<h3>ABOUT TREES.</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center">From the originator of Arbor Day.</p> + + +<p>A tree is the perfection in strength, beauty, and usefulness of +vegetable life. It stands majestic through the sun and storm of +centuries. Resting in summer beneath its cooling shade, or sheltering +besides its massive trunk from the chilling blast of winter, we are +prone to forget the little seed whence it came. Trees are no +respecters of persons. They grow as luxuriantly<img src="images/image05.png" width="370" height="400" alt="tree" class="floatr" /> beside the cabin of +the pioneer as against the palace of the millionaire. Trees are not +proud. What is this tree? This great trunk, these stalwart limbs, +these beautiful branches, these gracefully bending boughs, these +gorgeous flowers, this flashing foliage and ripening fruit, purpling +in the autumnal haze are only living materials organized in the +laboratory of Nature's mysteries out of rain, sunlight, dews, and +earth. On this spot, in this tree, a metamorphosis has so deftly taken +place that it has failed to excite even the wonder of the majority of +men.</p> + +<p>Here, sixty years ago, a school boy planted an acorn. Spring came, +then the germ of this oak began to attract the moisture of the soil. +The shell of the acorn was then broken open by the internal growth of +the embryo oak. It sent downward a rootlet to get soil and water, and +upward it shot a stem to which the first pair of leaves was attached. +These leaves are thick and fleshy. They constitute the greater bulk of +the acorn. They are the first care-takers of the young oak. Once out +of the earth and in the sunlight they expand, assume a finer texture, +and begin their usefulness as nursing leaves, "folia nutrientia." They +contain a store of starch elaborated in the parent oak which bore the +acorn.</p> + +<p>In tree infancy the nursing leaves take oxygen from the air, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +through its influence the starch in the nursing leaves is transmuted +into a tree baby-food, called dextrine, which is conveyed by the water +absorbed during germination to the young rootlet and to the gemmule +and also to the first aerial leaf. So fed, this leaf expands, and +remains on the stem all summer. The nursing leaves die when the aerial +leaves have taken their food away, and then the first stage of oak +hood has begun. It has subterranean and superterranean organs, the +former finding plant-food in the earth, and the latter gathering it in +the air, the sunlight, and the storm. The rootlets in the dark depths +of soil, the foliage in the sunlit air, begin now their common joint +labor of constructing a majestic oak. Phosphates and all the +delicacies of plant-food are brought in from the secret stores of the +earth by the former, while foliage and twig and trunk are busy in +catching sunbeams, air, and thunderstorms, to imprison in the annual +increment of solid wood. There is no light coming from your wood, +corncob, or coal fire which some vegetable Prometheus did not, in its +days of growth, steal from the sun and secrete in the mysteries of a +vegetable organism.</p> + +<p>Combustion lets loose the captive rays and beams which growing plants +imprisoned years, centuries, even eons ago, long before human life +began its earthly career. The interdependence of animal and tree life +is perennial. The intermission of a single season of a vegetable life +and growth on the earth would exterminate our own and all the animal +races. The trees, the forests are essential to man's health and life. +When the last tree shall have been destroyed there will be no man left +to mourn the improvidence and thoughtlessness of the forest-destroying +race to which he belonged.</p> + +<p>In all civilizations man has cut down and consumed, but seldom +restored or replanted, the forests. In biblical times Palestine was +lovely in the foliage of the palm, and the purpling grapes hung upon +her hillsides and gleamed in her fertile valleys like gems in the +diadems of her princes. But man, thoughtless of the future, careless +of posterity, destroyed and replaced not; so, where the olive and the +pomegranate and the vine once held up their luscious fruit for the sun +to kiss, all is now infertility, desolation, desert, and solitude. The +orient is dead to civilization, dead to commerce, dead to intellectual +development. The orient died of treelessness.</p> + +<p>From the grave of the eastern nations comes the tree monition to the +western. The occident like the orient would expire with the +destruction of all its forests and woodlands.</p> + +<p>Twenty-five thousand acres of woodland are consumed by the railroads, +the manufactories, and the homes of the United States every +twenty-four hours. How many are planted? To avert treelessness, to +improve the climatic conditions, for the sanitation and embellishment +of home environments, for the love of the beautiful and useful +combined in the music and majesty of a tree, as fancy and truth unite +in an epic poem, Arbor Day was created. It has grown with the vigor +and beneficence of a grand truth or a great tree. It faces the future. +It is the only anniversary in which humanity looks futureward instead +of pastward, in which there is a consensus of thought for those who +are to come after us, instead of reflections concerning those who have +gone before us. It<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> is a practical anniversary. It is a beautiful +anniversary. To the common schools of the country I confide its +perpetuation and usefulness with the same abiding faith that I would +commit the acorn to the earth, the tree to the soil, or transmit the +light on the shore to far off ships on the waves beyond, knowing +certainly that loveliness, comfort, and great contentment shall come +to humanity everywhere because of its thoughtful and practical +observance by all the civilized peoples of the earth.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right"><span class="smcap">J. Sterling Morton</span>.</p> + + +<h3> </h3> + + +<h3>LEAVES, AND WHAT THEY DO.</h3> + +<p><img src="images/image06.png" alt="leaves" width="158" height="131" class="floatl" />  +<img src="images/image07.png" alt="leaves" width="539" height="324" class="floatl" /></p> + +<p>The leaves of the trees afford an almost endless study and a constant +delight. Frail, fragile things, easily crumpled and torn, they are +wonderful in their delicate structure, and more wonderful if possible +on account of the work which they perform.</p> + +<p>They are among the most beautiful things offered to our sight. Some +one has well said that the beauty of the world depends as much upon +leaves as +upon flowers. We think of the bright colors of flowers and +are apt to forget or fail to notice the coloring of leaves. But what a +picture of color, beyond anything that flowers can give us, is spread +before our sight for weeks every autumn, when the leaves ripen and +take on hues like those of the most gorgeous sunset skies, and the +wide landscape is all aglow with them. A wise observer has called +attention also to the fact that the various kinds of trees have in the +early springtime also, only in a more subdued tone, the same colors +which they put on in the autumn. If we notice the leaves carefully, we +shall see that there is a great variety of color in them all through +the year. While the prevailing color, or the body color so to speak, +is green, and the general tone of the trees seen in masses is +green—the most pleasant of all colors to be abidingly before the +sight—this is prevented from becoming dull or somber because it +comprises almost innumerable tints and shades of the self-same color, +while other distinct colors are mingled with it to such an extent as +to enliven the whole foliage mass. Spots of yellow, of red, of white, +and of intermediate colors are dashed upon the green leaves or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> become +the characteristic hues of entire trees, and so there is brought about +an endless variety and beauty of color.</p> + +<p>Then there is the beauty of form, size, position, and arrangement. Of +the one hundred and fifty thousand or more known species of trees, the +leaves of each have a characteristic shape. The leaves of no two +species are precisely alike in form. More than this is also true. No +two leaves upon the same tree are in this respect alike. While there +is a close resemblance among the leaves of a given tree, so that one +familiar with trees would not be in doubt of their belonging to the +same tree, though he should see them only when detached, yet there is +more or less variation, some subtle difference in the notching or +curving of the leaf-edge perhaps, so that each leaf has a form of its +own. These differences of shape in the leaves are a constant source of +beauty.</p> + +<p>What a variety of size also have the leaves, from those of the birches +and willows to those of the sycamores, the catalpas and the +paulownias. On the same tree also the leaves vary in size, those +nearest the ground and nearest the trunk being usually larger than +those more remote. How different as to beauty would the trees be if +their leaves were all of the same size; how much less pleasing to the +sight.</p> + +<p>Then what a wide difference is there in the position of the leaves on +the trees and their relative adjustment to each other? Sometimes they +grow singly, sometimes in pairs, sometimes in whirls or clusters. Some +droop, others spread horizontally, while others still are more or less +erect. The leaves of some trees cling close to the branches, others +are connected with the branches by stems of various length and so are +capable of greater or less movement. The leaves of poplars and aspens +have a peculiarly flattened stem, by reason of which the slightest +breath of wind puts them in motion.</p> + +<p>These are some of the most obvious characteristics of the leaves, and +by which they are made the source of so much of the beauty of the +world in which we live. It will be a source of much pleasure to anyone +who will begin now, in the season of swelling buds and opening leaves, +to watch the leaves as they unfold and notice their various forms and +colors and compare them one with another. There is no better way of +gaining valuable knowledge of trees than this, for the trees are known +by their leaves.</p> + +<p>But let us turn now from their outward appearance and consider what is +done by them, for the leaves are among the great workers of the world, +or, if we may not speak of them as workers, a most important work is +done in or by means of them, a work upon which our own life depends +and that of all the living tribes around us.</p> + +<p>Every leaf is a laboratory, in which, by the help of that great +magician, the sun, most wonderful changes and transformations are +wrought. By the aid of the sun the crude sap which is taken up from +the ground is converted by the leaves into a substance which goes to +build up every part of the tree and causes it to grow larger from year +to year; so that instead of the tree making the leaves, as we commonly +think, the leaves really make the tree.</p> + +<p>Leaves, like other parts of the plant or tree, are composed of cells +and also of woody material. The ribs and veins of the leaves are the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> +woody part. By their stiffness they keep the leaves spread out so that +the sun can act upon them fully, and they prevent them also from being +broken and destroyed by the winds as they otherwise would be. They +serve also as ducts or conduits by which the crude sap is conveyed to +the leaves, and by which when it has there been made into plant food, +it is carried into all parts of the tree for its nourishment. +Protected and upheld by these expanded woody ribs, the body of the +leaf consists of a mass of pulpy cells arranged somewhat loosely, so +that there are spaces between them through which air can freely pass. +Over this mass of cells there is a skin, or epidermis as it is called, +the green surface of the leaf. In this there are multitudes of minute +openings, or breathing pores, through which air is admitted, and +through which also water or watery vapor passes out into the +surrounding atmosphere. In the leaf of the white lily there are as +many as 60,000 of these openings in every square inch of surface and +in the apple leaf not fewer than 24,000. These breathing pores, called +stomates, are mostly on the under side of the leaf, except in the case +of leaves which float upon the water. There is a beautiful contrivance +also in connection with these pores, by which they are closed when the +air around is dry and the evaporation of the water from the leaves +would be so rapid as to be harmful to the tree, and are opened when +the surrounding atmosphere is moist.</p> + +<p>The green color of the leaves is owing to the presence in the cells of +minute green grains or granules, called chlorophyll, which means +leaf-green, and these granules are indispensable to the carrying on of +the important work which takes place in the leaves. They are more +numerous and also packed more closely together near the upper surface +of the leaf than they are near the lower. It is because of this that +the upper surface is of a deeper green than the lower.</p> + +<p>Such, then, is the laboratory of the leaf, the place where certain +inorganic, lifeless substances such as water, lime, sulphur, potash, +and phosphorus are transformed and converted into living and organic +vegetable matter, and from which this is sent forth to build up every +part of the tree from deepest root to topmost sprig. It is in the +leaves also that all the food of man and all other animals is +prepared, for if any do not feed upon vegetable substances directly +but upon flesh, that flesh nevertheless has been made only as +vegetable food has been eaten to form it. It is, as the Bible says, +"The tree of the field is man's life."</p> + +<p>But let us consider a little further the work of the leaves. The tree +is made up almost wholly of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. It is easy +to see where the oxygen and hydrogen are obtained, for they are the +two elements which compose water, and that, we have seen, the roots +are absorbing from the ground all the while and sending through the +body of the tree into the leaves. But where does the carbon come from? +A little examination will show.</p> + +<p>The atmosphere is composed of several gases, mainly of oxygen and +nitrogen. Besides these, however, it contains a small portion of +carbonic acid, that is, carbon chemically united with oxygen. The +carbonic acid is of no use to us directly, and in any but very minute +quantities is harmful; but the carbon in it, if it can be separated +from the oxygen, is just what the tree and every plant wants. And now +the work of separat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>ing the carbon from the oxygen is precisely that +which is done in the wonderful laboratory of the leaf. Under the magic +touch of the sun, the carbonic acid of the atmosphere which has +entered the leaf through the breathing pores or stomates and is +circulating through the air-passages and cells, is decomposed, that +is, taken to pieces; the oxygen is poured out into the air along with +the watery vapor of the crude sap, while the carbon is combined with +the elements of water and other substances which we have mentioned, to +form the elaborated sap or plant-material which is now ready to be +carried from the leaves to all parts of the plant or tree, to nourish +it and continue its growth. Such is the important and wonderful work +of the leaf, the tender, delicate leaf, which we crumple so easily in +our fingers. It builds up, atom by atom, the tree and the great +forests which beautify the world and provide for us a thousand +comforts and conveniences. Our houses and the furniture in them, our +boats and ships, the cars in which we fly so swiftly, the many +beautiful and useful things which are manufactured from wood of +various kinds, all these, by the help of the sun, are furnished us by +the tiny leaves of the trees.</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<h3>BRYANT, THE POET OF TREES.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is pleasant," as Mr. George W. Curtis has said, "to +remember, on Arbor Day, that Bryant, our oldest American +poet and the father of our American literature, is +especially the poet of trees. He grew up among the solitary +hills of western Massachusetts, where the woods were his +nursery and the trees his earliest comrades. The solemnity +of the forest breathes through all his verse, and he had +always, even in the city, a grave, rustic air, as of a man +who heard the babbling brooks and to whom the trees told +their secrets."</p> + +<p>His "Forest Hymn" is familiar to many, but it cannot be too +familiar. It would be well if teachers would encourage their +pupils to commit the whole, or portions of it, at least, to +memory. Let it be made a reading lesson, but, in making it +such, let pains be taken to point out its felicities of +expression, its beautiful moral tone and lofty sentiment, +and its wise counsels for life and conduct. Nothing could be +more appropriate, especially for the indoor portion of the +Arbor Day exercises, than to have this poem, or portions of +it, read by some pupil in full sympathy with its spirit, or +by some class in concert.</p></div> + +<h3>FOREST HYMN.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The groves were God's first temples, ere man learned<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To hew the shaft and lay the architrave<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And spread the roof above them, ere he framed<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The lofty vault to gather and roll back<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The sound of anthems; in the darkling wood,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Amidst the cool and silence, he knelt down<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanks<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And supplications. For his simple heart<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Might not resist the sacred influences<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Which from the stilly twilight of the place<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And from the gray old trunks that high in heaven<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Mingled their mossy boughs, and from the sound<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of the invisible breath that swayed at once<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All their green tops, stole over him and bowed<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His spirit with the thought of boundless power<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And inaccessible majesty. Ah, why<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Should we, in the world's riper years, neglect<br /></span> +<span class="i0">God's ancient sanctuaries and adore<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Only among the crowd and under roofs<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That our frail hands have raised? Let me, at least,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Here, in the shadow of this ancient wood,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Offer one hymn, thrice happy if it find<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Acceptance in His ear.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Bryant.</span><br /></span> +</p></div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> +<h3>JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL.</h3> + +<p>We can hardly see or think of trees without being reminded of Mr. +Lowell, whose death during the last year was so great a loss. He was +eminently a lover of trees, and they were the inspiration of some of +his best prose and poetry. This love of trees led him to call his +pleasant place of residence, in Cambridge, "Elmwood." In making up our +selections for reading or recitation on Arbor Day, the writings of no +one have been turned to more often, probably, than those of Mr. +Lowell, and it will be very proper if we make this year's observance +distinguished by the abundance of our extracts from his various works. +We may well also plant memorial trees in honor of him. No one is more +worthy of such honor, and we can hardly do any better thing than to +plant trees which shall bear his name and remind us hereafter of his +noble words and noble life. And no memorial of him would be more +appropriate or more accordant with his own feelings than a growing +tree. This is abundantly shown by the following letter, written only a +few years ago, when it was proposed in one of our schools, to plant on +Arbor Day, a tree in his memory.</p> + +<p>"I can think of no more pleasant way of being remembered than by the +planting of a tree. Like whatever things are perennially good, it will +be growing while we are sleeping, and will survive us to make others +happier. Birds will rest in it and fly thence with messages of good +cheer. I should be glad to think that any word or deed of mine could +be such a perennial presence of beauty, or show so benign a destiny."</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<h3>THE OAK.</h3> +<p> +<span class="i0">What gnarled stretch, what depth of shade, is his?<img src="images/image08.png" alt="oak" width="500" height="368" class="floatr" /><br /></span> +<span class="i2">There needs no crown to mark the forest's king;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">How in his leaves outshines full summer's bliss!<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Sun, storm, rain, dew, to him their tribute bring,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Which he, with such benignant royalty<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Accepts, as overpayeth what is lent;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All nature seems his vassal proud to be,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And cunning only for his ornament.<br /></span> +</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> +<p> +<span class="i0">How towers he, too, amid the billowed snows,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">An unquelled exile from the summer's throne,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Whose plain, uncintured front more kingly shows,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Now that the obscuring courtier leaves are flown.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His boughs make music of the winter air,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Jewelled with sleet, like some cathedral front<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Where clinging snow-flakes with quaint art repair<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The dents and furrows of Time's envious brunt.<br /></span> +</p> +<p> +<span class="i0">How doth his patient strength the rude March wind<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Persuade to seem glad breaths of summer breeze,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And win the soil that fain would be unkind,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">To swell his revenues with proud increase!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He is the gem; and all the landscape wide<br /></span> +<span class="i2">(So doth his grandeur isolate the sense)<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Seems but the setting, worthless all beside,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">An empty socket, were he fallen thence.<br /></span> +</p> +<p> +<span class="i0">So, from oft converse with life's wintry gales,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Should man learn how to clasp with tougher roots<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The inspiring earth;—how otherwise avails<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The leaf-creating sap that sunward shoots?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So every year that falls with noiseless flake<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Should fill old scars up on the stormward side,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And make hoar age revered for age's sake,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Not for traditions of youth's leafy pride.<br /></span> +</p> +<p> +<span class="i0">So, from the pinched soil of a churlish fate,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">True hearts compel the sap of sturdier growth,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So between earth and heaven stand simply great,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That these shall seem but their attendants both;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For nature's forces, with obedient zeal<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Wait on the rooted faith and oaken will,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As quickly the pretender's cheat they feel,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And turn mad Pucks to flout and mock him still.<br /></span> +</p> +<p> +<span class="i0">Lord! all Thy works are lessons,—each contains<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Some emblem of man's all-containing soul;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Shall he make fruitless all Thy glorious pains,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Delving within Thy grace an eyeless mole?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Make me the least of Thy Dodona-grove,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Cause me some message of Thy truth to bring,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Speak but a word through me, nor let Thy love<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Among my boughs disdain to perch and sing.<br /></span> +</p> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">James Russell Lowell.</span><br /></span> +</p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p> +<h3>WHAT ONE TREE IS WORTH.</h3> + +<p>It will help us, perhaps, to appreciate properly, the value and +manifold uses of trees if we consider the uses to which a single one +of the many species is put. A Chinese gives us the following account +of the Bamboo.</p> + +<p>"The bamboo plant is cultivated almost everywhere; it is remarkable +for its shade and beauty. There are about sixty varieties, different +in size according to its genus; ranging from that of a switch to a big +pole measuring from four to five inches in diameter. It is reared from +shoots and suckers, and, after the root once clings to the ground, it +thrives and spreads without further care or labor. Of these sixty +varieties, each thrives best in a certain locality, and throughout the +whole empire of China the bamboo groves not only embellish the gardens +of the poor, but the vast parks of the princes and wealthy. The use to +which this stately grass is put is truly wonderful. The tender shoots +are cultivated for food like the asparagus; the roots are carved into +fantastic images of men, birds, and monkeys. The tapering culms are +used for all purposes that poles can be applied to, in carrying, +supporting, propelling, and measuring; by the porter, the carpenter, +and the boatman; for the joists of houses and the ribs of sails; the +shafts of spears and the wattles of hurdles, the tubes of aqueducts +and the handles and ribs of umbrellas and fans. The leaves are sewed +upon cords to make rain-cloaks for farmers and boatmen, for sails to +boats as well as junks, swept into heaps to form manure, and matted +into thatches to cover houses. The bamboo wood is cut into splints and +slivers of various sizes to make into baskets and trays of every form +and fancy, twisted into cables, plaited into awnings, and woven into +mats for the bed and floor, for the sceneries of the theatre, for the +roofs of boats, and the casing of goods. The shavings are picked into +oakum to be stuffed into mattresses. The bamboo furnishes the bed for +sleeping and the couch for reclining, the chair for sitting, the +chop-sticks for eating, the pipe for smoking, the flute for +entertaining; a curtain to hang before the door, and a broom to sweep +around it. The ferrule to govern the scholar, the book he studies and +the paper he writes upon, all originated from this wonderful grass. +The tapering barrels of the organ and the dreadful instrument of the +lictor—one to strike harmony, and the other to strike dread; the rule +to measure lengths, the cup to gauge quantities, and the bucket to +draw water; the bellows to blow the fire and the box to retain the +match; the bird-cage and crab-net, the fish-pole, and the water-wheel +and eaveduct, wheelbarrow, and hand-cart, and a host of other things, +are the utilities to which this magnificent grass is converted."</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<h3>ENDURING CHARACTER OF THE FORESTS.</h3> + +<p>Of all the works of the creation which know the changes of life and +death, the trees of the forest have the longest existence. Of all the +objects which crown the gray earth, the woods preserved unchanged, +throughout the greatest reach of time, their native character. The +works of man are ever varying their aspect; his towns and his fields +alike<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> reflect the unstable opinions, the fickle wills and fancies of +each passing generation; but the forests on his borders remain to-day +the same as they were ages of years since. Old as the everlasting +hills, during thousands of seasons they have put forth and laid down +their verdure in calm obedience to the decree which first bade them +cover the ruins of the Deluge.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right"><span class="smcap">Susan Fenimore Cooper.</span></p> + +<p> </p> +<h3>THE POPULAR POPLAR TREE.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When the great wind sets things whirling<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And rattles the window panes,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And blows the dust in giants<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And dragons tossing their manes;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When the willows have waves like water,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And children are shouting with glee;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When the pines are alive and the larches,—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Then hurrah for you and me,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">In the tip o' the top o' the top o' the tip of<br /></span> +<span class="i6">the popular poplar tree!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Don't talk about Jack and the Beanstalk—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">He did not climb half so high!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And Alice in all her travels<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Was never so near the sky!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Only the swallow, a-skimming<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The storm-cloud over the lea,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Knows how it feels to be flying—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">When the gusts come strong and free—<br /></span> +<span class="i4">In the tip o' the top o' the top o' the tip of<br /></span> +<span class="i6">the popular poplar tree!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Blanch Willis Howard.</span><br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> +<p> </p> + +<h3>FORESTRY AND THE NEED OF IT.</h3> + +<p>"Experience as well as common sense teaches us that the selecting of +the species and the mere planting of the same is not a guarantee of +successful forestry."</p> + +<p>In this country we have heretofore not made any distinction between +forests and woodlands, while in Europe, and more especially in those +countries in which forestry has reached a high state of development, +the distinction is clearly defined. Prof. Rossmässler, in speaking of +the difference between forest and woodland (Forst und Wald), says: +"Every forest is also a woodland, but not every woodland, be it ever +so large, is a forest. It is the regular cultivation and economical +management which turns a woodland into a forest."</p> + +<p>This difference between forests and woodland is also indicated by the +terms <i>forester</i> and <i>woodman</i>; the former term being applied to the +man who advocates the perpetuation of woodland in accordance with the +teachings and principles of forestry, and the latter to the man whose +profession is that of felling trees.</p> + +<p>In this meaning of the term, we, in this country, have really no +forests, but woodlands only. To turn these woodlands into forests, and +to plant forests, where for climatic and other considerations they are +needed, is the aim and object of the advocates of forestry.</p> + +<p>The forester, it will be seen, has a distinct mission, which is to +perpetuate the forests so indispensable to civilized life, and to +produce at a minimum expense, from a given piece of ground, the +greatest amount of forest products.</p> + +<p>As our forests decrease in extent and deteriorate in quality, and as, +with the increase of our population, the demands upon forest products +of all kinds become greater, the necessity of a rational system of +forestry,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> and the need of educated foresters becomes more apparent +every day. We should, moreover, constantly bear in mind that, while +there are trees, as the catalpa, the ash and the hickory, which will +attain merchantable size in forty or fifty years from the seed, there +are others such as the pine and the tulip-poplar, which require for +reaching the necessary dimensions a period of from sixty to eighty +years; and still others, such as the oaks and the black walnut, for +the full development of which about a hundred and fifty years are +required. Can we, in view of this, still be in doubt as to whether or +not the time has come when we should earnestly consider the question?</p> + +<p style="text-align: right"> +Hon. <span class="smcap">Adolph Lené</span>,<br /> +Secretary of Ohio State Forestry Bureau.<br /> +</p> + +<p> </p> +<h3>TREE WEATHER PROVERBS.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If the Oak is out before the Ash,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">T'will be a summer of wet and splash;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But if the Ash is out before the Oak,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">T'will be a summer of fire and smoke.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When the Hawthorne bloom too early shows,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We shall have still many snows.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When the Oak puts on his goslings gray,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Tis time to sow barley, night or day.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When Elm leaves are big as a shilling,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Plant kidney beans if you are willing;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When Elm leaves are as big as a penny,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">You <i>must</i> plant kidney beans if you wish to have any.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> </p> +<h3>FLOWERS.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Spake full well, in language quaint and olden,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">One who dwelleth by the castled Rhine,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When he called the flowers, so blue and golden,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Stars, that in earth's firmament do shine.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Stars they are, wherein we read our history,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">As astrologers and seers of eld;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Yet not wrapped about with awful mystery,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Like the burning stars which they beheld.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Wondrous truths, and manifold as wondrous,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">God hath written in those stars above;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But not less in the bright flowerets under us<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Stands the revelation of His love.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Bright and glorious is that revelation,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Writ all over this great world of ours—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Making evident our own creation,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">In these stars of earth, these golden flowers.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Longfellow.</span><br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Flowers seem intended for the solace of ordinary humanity; +children love them; tender, contented, ordinary people love +them. They are the cottager's treasure; and in the crowded +town mark, as with a little fragment of rainbow, the windows +of the workers in whose heart rests the covenant of peace.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right"><span class="smcap">Ruskin.</span></p></div> + + + +<p> </p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p> + +<p><img src="images/image09.png" width="492" height="273" alt="flowers" class="floatl" /> +</p> +<h2><img src="images/image10.png" width="125" height="457" alt="flowers" class="floatl" /><a name="Celebrations">Arbor Day Celebrations</a>.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center"><b>GROWING OBSERVANCE OF ARBOR DAY.</b></p> + +<p>It adds to the pleasure attending the observance of Arbor Day when we +think how many are uniting with us in its celebration. It is but a few +years since the day was first known and its observance was limited to +a single one of our States. Now the day is known and observed from +Maine to Oregon and from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. Not only is +this true, but this our tree-festival so commends itself to all that +its observance has spread more rapidly and more widely than any other +public observance in the world's history. It is already established in +portions of England, France, and Italy, in far-away South Africa and +Australia, and we shall probably hear before long of its adoption in +China and Japan.</p> + +<p>And so, as we come together to have pleasant talks about the trees and +to march out with songs and banners to plant them in school grounds, +in parks, by the road-side or elsewhere, it will be pleasant to +remember that so many others are engaged in similar services. It +should make the day a happier one for us to think that so many will +enjoy it as we do, as it should always increase our happiness to know +that others are sharing with us anything that is good.</p> + +<p>As it will, doubtless, be interesting to all engaging in the +celebration of the day, we give on the next <a href="#Page_15">page</a> a list of the States +in which Arbor Day is observed.</p> + + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>STATES AND TERRITORIES OBSERVING ARBOR DAY.</h3> + +<table border="1" summary="states" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse" id="AutoNumber1"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td><p style="text-align: center"><b>STATES.</b></p></td> + <td><p style="text-align: center"><b><span class="smcap">YEAR OF<br /> + FIRST<br /> + OBSERVANCE.</span></b></p></td> + <td><p style="text-align: center"><b>TIME OF OBSERVANCE.</b></p></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Alabama</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>22nd February.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Arizona</td> + <td>1890-91</td> + <td>First Friday after first of February.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>California</td> + <td>1886</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Colorado</td> + <td>1885</td> + <td>Third Friday in April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Connecticut</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>In Spring, at appointment of Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Florida</td> + <td>1886</td> + <td>January 8.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Georgia</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>First Friday in December.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Idaho</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>Last Monday in April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Illinois</td> + <td>1888</td> + <td>Date fixed by Governor and Supt. of Public Instruction.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Indiana</td> + <td>1884</td> + <td>  "         "        + Superintendent of Public Instruction.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Iowa</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>  "         "                     + "                + "           "</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Kansas</td> + <td>1875</td> + <td>Option of Governor, usually in April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Kentucky</td> + <td>1886</td> + <td>     "              + "  </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Louisiana</td> + <td>1888-9</td> + <td>     "         Parish Boards.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Maine</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>     "         Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Maryland</td> + <td>1889</td> + <td>     "                "          in April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Massachusetts </td> + <td>1886</td> + <td>Last Saturday in April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Michigan</td> + <td>1885 </td> + <td>Option of Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Minnesota</td> + <td>1876</td> + <td>      "             + " </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Mississippi</td> + <td>1892</td> + <td>      "         Board of Education. </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Missouri</td> + <td>1886</td> + <td>First Friday after first Tuesday of April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Montana</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>Third Tuesday of April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Nebraska</td> + <td>1872</td> + <td>22nd of April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Nevada</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>Option of Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New Hampshire</td> + <td>1886</td> + <td>      "             + "</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New Jersey</td> + <td>1884</td> + <td>      "             + "           in April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New Mexico</td> + <td>1890</td> + <td>Second Friday in March.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New York</td> + <td>1889</td> + <td>First Friday after May 1. </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>North Carolina</td> + <td>1893 </td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>North Dakota</td> + <td>1884</td> + <td>Sixth of May, by proclamation of Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Ohio</td> + <td>1882</td> + <td>In April           "         + "                       + " </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Oregon</td> + <td>1882</td> + <td>Second Friday in April.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Pennsylvania</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>Option of Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Rhode Island</td> + <td>1887</td> + <td>      "              + "</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>South Carolina</td> + <td>Uncertain</td> + <td>Variable.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>South Dakota</td> + <td>1884</td> + <td>Option of Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Tennessee</td> + <td>1875</td> + <td>November, at designation of County Superintendents.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Texas</td> + <td>1800</td> + <td>22nd of February.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Vermont</td> + <td>1885</td> + <td>Option of Governor.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Virginia</td> + <td>1892</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>West Virginia</td> + <td>1883</td> + <td>Fall and Spring, at designation of Supt. of Schools.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Wisconsin</td> + <td>1889</td> + <td>Option of Governor. </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Wyoming</td> + <td>1888</td> + <td>     "               + "</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Washington</td> + <td>1892</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<p>Only the following five states or territories fail to observe Arbor +Day—Arkansas, Delaware, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, and Utah.</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<h3>ENCOURAGING WORDS.</h3> + +<p>The Governors of our States and the Superintendents of our schools +have generally entered heartily into the observance of Arbor Day and +spoken earnest words of encouragement in its behalf. The following are +specimens of what they have said.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p> +<p><b>New Hampshire.</b>—Governor Currier, in his Arbor Day Proclamation: "I +especially desire that our children may be taught to observe and +reverence the divine energies which are unfolding themselves in every +leaf and flower that sheds a perfume in spring or ripens into a robe +of beauty in autumn, so that the aspirations of childhood, led by +beautiful surroundings, may form higher and broader conceptions of +life and humanity; for the teachings of nature lead up from the +material and finite to the infinite and eternal."</p> + +<p><b>Illinois.</b>—Governor Fifer: "Let the children in our schools, the +young men and women in our colleges, seminaries, and universities, +with their instructors, co-operate in the proper observance of the day +by planting shrubs, vines, and trees that will beautify the home, +adorn the public grounds, add wealth to the State, and thereby +increase the comfort and happiness of our people."</p> + +<p><b>Missouri.</b>—From the Superintendent of Public Schools, in his annual +report: "Let this love for planting trees, shrubs, vines, and flowers +be encouraged and stimulated in the school-room and not only will the +school-yards profit thereby, but the now barren farm-yards and +pastures will remain the recipients of your instruction."</p> + +<p><b>California.</b>—From Superintendent of Public Instruction: "Our schools +cannot protect the forests, but they can raise up a generation which +will not leave their hillsides and mountains treeless; a generation +which will frown upon and rebuke the wanton destruction of our forest +trees. There is no spot on earth that may not be made more beautiful +by the help of trees and flowers."</p> + +<p><b>Nebraska.</b>—From the State Superintendent of Public Instruction: "On +this day, above all others, the pupils of our public schools should be +educated to care for the material prosperity of the country and to +foster the growth of trees. Let the child understand that he is +especially interested in the tree he plants: that it is his; that upon +him devolves the responsibility of protecting and cultivating it in +coming years."</p> + +<p><b>New York.</b>—Hon. A.S. Draper, ex-Superintendent of Public +Instruction: "The primary purpose of the Legislature in establishing +Arbor Day was to develop and stimulate in the children of the +commonwealth a love and reverence for Nature, as revealed in trees and +shrubs and flowers."</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<h3>THE BEST USE OF ARBOR DAY.</h3> + +<p>Arbor Day, to be most useful as well as most pleasant, should not +stand by itself, alone, but be connected with much study and talk of +trees and kindred subjects beforehand and afterward. It should rather +be the focal or culminating point of the year's observation of trees +and other natural objects with which they are closely connected. The +wise teacher will seek to cultivate the observing faculties of the +pupils by calling their attention to the interesting things with which +the natural world abounds. It is not necessary to this that there +should be formal classes in botany or any natural science, though we +think no school should be without its botanical class or classes, nor +should anyone be eligible to the place of a teacher in our public +schools who is not competent to give efficient instruction in botany +at least.</p> + +<p>But much may be done in this direction informally, by brief, familiar +talks in the intervals between the regular recitations of the +school-room, or during the walks to and from school. A tree by the +road-side will furnish an object lesson for pleasant and profitable +discourse for many days and at all seasons. A few flowers, which +teacher or pupil may bring to the school-room, will easily be made the +means of interesting the oldest and the youngest and of imparting the +most profitable instruc<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>tion. How easy also to plant a few seeds in a +vase in the school-room window and to encourage the pupils to watch +their sprouting and subsequent growth.</p> + +<p>Then it should not be difficult to have a portion of the school +grounds set apart, where the pupils might, with the teacher's +guidance, plant flower and tree seeds and thus be able to observe the +ways and characteristics of plants in all periods of their growth. +They could thus provide themselves with trees for planting on future +Arbor Days, and at the time of planting there would be increased +enjoyment from the fact that they had grown the trees for that very +purpose.</p> + +<p>Why might not every school-house ground be made also an arboretum, +where the pupils might have under their eyes, continually, specimens +of all the trees that grow in the town or in the State where the +school is situated? It would require but a little incitement from the +teacher to make the pupils enthusiastic with the desire to find out +the different species indigenous to the region and to gather them, by +sowing seeds or planting the young trees, around their place of study.</p> + +<p>And if the school premises are now too small in extent to admit of +such a use, let the pupils make an earnest plea for additional ground. +As a general fact our school-grounds have been shamefully limited in +extent and neglected as to their use and keeping. The school-house, in +itself and in its surroundings, ought to be one of the most beautiful +and attractive objects to be seen in any community. The approach from +the street should be like that to any dwelling house, over well kept +walks bordered by green turf, with trees and shrubs and flowers +offering their adornment. Everything should speak of neatness and +order. The playground should be ample, but it should be in another +direction and by itself.</p> + +<p>Europeans are in advance of us in school management. The Austrian +public school law reads: "In every school a gymnastic ground, a garden +for the teacher, according to the circumstances of the community, and +a place for the purposes of agricultural experiment are to be +created." There are now nearly 8,000 school gardens in Austria, not +including Hungary. In France, also, gardening is taught in the primary +and elementary schools. There are nearly 30,000 of these schools, each +of which has a garden attached to it, and the Minister of Public +Instruction has resolved to increase the number of school gardens and +that no one shall be appointed master of an elementary school unless +he can prove himself capable of giving practical instruction in the +culture of Mother Earth. In Sweden, in 1871, there were 22,000 +children in the common schools receiving instruction in horticulture +and tree-planting. Each of more than 2,000 schools had for cultivation +from one to twelve acres of ground.</p> + +<p>Why should we be behind the Old World in caring for the schools? By +the munificence of one of her citizens, New York has twice offered +premiums for the best-kept school-grounds. Why may we not have Arbor +Day premiums in all of our States and in every town for the most +tasteful arrangement of school-house and grounds? These places of +education should be the pride of every community instead of being, as +they so often are, a reproach and shame.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p> +<h3>TREES IN THEIR LEAFLESS STATE.</h3> + +<p>As the season for Arbor Day and tree-planting comes on, just before +the buds begin to swell and are getting ready to cover the trees with +a fresh mantle of leaves, it is well—as it is also when the leaves +have fallen from the trees in autumn—to give attention to the bare +trees and notice the characteristic forms of the various species, the +manner in which their branches are developed and arranged among +themselves, for a knowledge of these things will often enable one to +distinguish the different kinds of trees more readily and certainly +than by any other means. The foliage often serves as an obscuring +veil, concealing, in part at least, the individuality and the +peculiarities of the trees. But if one is familiar with their forms of +growth, their skeleton anatomy, so to speak, he will recognize common +trees at once with only a partial view of them.</p> + +<p>Some trees, as the oak, throw their limbs out from the trunk +horizontally. As Dr. Holmes says: "The others shirk the work of +resisting gravity, the oak defies it. It chooses the horizontal +direction for its limbs so that their whole weight may tell, and then +stretches them out fifty or sixty feet so that the strain may be +mighty enough to be worth resisting." Some trees have limbs which +droop toward the ground, while those of most, perhaps, have an upward +tendency, and others still have an upward direction at first and later +in their growth a downward inclination, as in the case of the elm, the +birch, and the willows. Some, like the oak, have comparatively few but +large and strong branches, while others have many and slender limbs, +like many of the birches and poplars.</p> + +<p>The teacher should call attention to these and other characteristics +of tree-structure, drawing the various forms of trees on the +blackboard and encouraging the pupils to do the same, allowing them +also to correct each other's drawings. This will greatly increase +their knowledge of trees and their interest in them as well as in +Arbor Day and its appropriate observance.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/image02.png" width="110" height="87" alt="decoration" /></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="Programme">Programme</a> for Arbor Day.</h2> + + +<p>We give in this part of our manual a programme for Arbor Day +observance. It is presented not so much in the expectation that it +will be exactly copied as that it may serve as suggestion of what may +be done. We have added various selections from poets and prose writers +which may help those who are preparing for the proper observance of +Arbor Day. But these are only a few specimens from the great stores of +our literature. A little care and painstaking beforehand will furnish +an ample supply of the desired material, for our literature abounds in +such. Not the least of the benefits of the observance of Arbor Day is +the opportunity it gives for making the young familiar with the best +thoughts of the best writers and thus giving them a literary culture +in the pleasantest manner. Thus while preparing to plant trees we may +be planting in the young mind and heart growths more precious and +lasting than they.</p> + +<hr style="width: 35%;" /> + +<h3>I.—Exercises In the School-Room.</h3> + +<p> </p> +<p><b>1. READING.</b> (BY THE TEACHER, OR BY CLASSES.)</p> + +<p>"And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding +seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is +in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. And the earth brought forth +grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding +fruit, whose seed was in itself after his kind."</p> + +<p>"And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is +pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the +midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil."</p> + +<p>"Blessed is the man that trusteth in the Lord, and whose hope the Lord +is. For he shall be as a tree planted by the waters, and that +spreadeth out her roots by the river, and shall not see when heat +cometh, but her leaf shall be green; and shall not be careful in the +year of drought, neither shall cease from yielding fruit."</p> + +<p>"I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the +myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, and +the pine, and the box tree together: that they may see, and know, and +consider, and understand together, that the hand of the Lord hath done +this, and the Holy One of Israel hath created it."</p> + +<p>"He that trusteth in his riches shall fall: but the righteous shall +flourish as a branch."</p> + +<p>"Wisdom is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her, and happy is +everyone that retaineth her."</p> + +<p>"And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, +proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. In the midst of +the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree +of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit +every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the +nations."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>2. INVOCATION SONG.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>TRIBUTE TO NATURE.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center">[Tune—"AMERICA."]</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/music01.png" alt="music" width="739" height="313" /></p> + +<p style="text-align: center">[<a href="music/music01.midi">Listen</a>] [<a href="music/music01.ly">View +Lilypond</a>]</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Of nature broad and free,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of grass and flower and tree,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Sing we to-day.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">God hath pronounced it good<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So we, His creatures would<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Offer to field and wood,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Our heartfelt lay.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">To all that meets the eye,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In earth, or air, or sky,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Tribute we bring.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Barren this world would be,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Bereft of shrub and tree:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Now, gracious Lord, to Thee,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Praises we sing.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">May we Thy hand behold,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As bud and leaf unfold,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">See but Thy thought;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor heedlessly destroy,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor pass unnoticed by;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But be our constant joy:<br /></span> +<span class="i4">All Thou hast wrought.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">As each small bud and flower<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Speaks of the Maker's power,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Tells of His love;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So we, Thy children dear,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Would live from year to year,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Show forth Thy goodness here,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">And then above.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Mary A. Heermans.</span><br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>3. READING ARBOR DAY LAW, OR PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNOR.</b></p> + +<p>[As the laws regarding Arbor Day vary in different States, it will be +necessary for each teacher or superintendent to procure and read the +one applicable to his State.]</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>4. READING LETTERS IN REFERENCE TO ARBOR DAY.</b></p> + +<p>[These may consist of circular letters from superintendents, etc., and +other incidental letters. It is suggested that notes of invitation to +the exercises be sent to the parents of the children and to +influential people. These will in many cases elicit replies bearing on +the subject. In case such letters cannot be secured, at this point the +"Encouraging Words" printed on <a href="#Page_15">page 15</a> of this pamphlet may be read +with profit.]</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>5. RECITATION.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>ALL THINGS BEAUTIFUL.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">All things bright and beautiful,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">All creatures great and small,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All things wise and wonderful,—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The Lord God made them all.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Each little flower that opens,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Each little bird that sings,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He made their glowing colors,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">He made their tiny wings.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The purple-headed mountain,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The river, running by,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The morning, and the sunset<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That lighteth up the sky.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The tall trees in the greenwood,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The pleasant summer sun,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The ripe fruits in the garden,—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">He made them, every one.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">He gave us eyes to see them,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And lips that we might tell<br /></span> +<span class="i0">How great is God Almighty,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Who hath made all things well.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">C.F. Alexander.</span><br /></span> +</p></div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p> +<p><b>6. READING. Bryant's Forest Hymn.</b> (SEE <a href="#Page_8">PAGE 8</a>.)</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>7. RECITATIONS.</b> (By Different Pupils.)</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>THE PURPOSE OF ARBOR DAY.</b></p> + +<p><i>First pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>To avert treelessness; to improve the climatic conditions; +for the sanitation and embellishment of home environments; +for the love of the beautiful and useful combined in the +music and majesty of a tree, as fancy and truth unite in an +epic poem, Arbor Day was created. It has grown with the +vigor and beneficence of a grand truth or a great tree.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">J. Sterling Morton</span>.</p></div> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>BE NOBLE.</b></p> + +<p><i>Second pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Be noble! and the nobleness that lies<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In other men sleeping, but never dead,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Will rise in majesty to meet thine own;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then wilt thou see it gleam in many eyes,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then will pure light around thy path be shed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And thou wilt nevermore be sad and lone.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Lowell</span>.<br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>LEAVES.</b></p> + +<p><i>Third pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The leaves of the herbage at our feet take all kinds of +strange shapes as if to invite us to examine them. +Star-shaped, heart-shaped, spear-shaped, arrow-shaped, +fretted, fringed, cleft, furrowed, serrated, sinuated, in +whorls, in tufts, in spires, in wreaths, endlessly +expressive, deceptive, fantastic, never the same from +footstalk to blossom, they seem perpetually to tempt our +watchfulness and take delight in outstripping our wonder.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">Ruskin</span>.</p></div> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>INFLUENCE OF NATURE.</b></p> + +<p><i>Fourth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i10">Therefore am I still<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A lover of the meadows and the woods<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And mountains, and of all that we behold<br /></span> +<span class="i0">From this green earth; of all the mighty world<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of eye and ear, both what they half create<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And what perceive; well pleased to recognize<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In nature, and the language of the sense,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of all my moral being.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Wordsworth</span>.<br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Fifth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I regard the forest as an heritage, given to us by nature, +not for spoil or to devastate, but to be wisely used, +reverently honored, and carefully maintained. I regard the +forest as a gift entrusted to us only for transient care +during a short space of time, to be surrendered to posterity +again as unimpaired property, with increased riches and +augmented blessings, to pass as a sacred patrimony from +generation to generation.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">Baron Ferdinand von Mueller</span>.</p></div> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>NATURE'S COMFORT.</b></p> + +<p><i>Sixth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If thou art worn and hard beset<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With sorrows that thou wouldst forget,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If thou wouldst read a lesson that will keep<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy heart from fainting and thy soul from sleep,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Go to the woods and hills! No tears<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dim the sweet look that Nature wears.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Longfellow</span>.<br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Seventh pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>It may be said that the measure of attention given to trees +indicates the condition of agriculture and civilization of a +country.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">Mahé</span>.</p></div> + +<p><i>Eighth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I said I will not walk with men to-day,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">But I will go among the blessed trees,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Among the forest trees I'll take my way,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And they shall say to me what words they please.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And when I came among the trees of God,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">With all their million voices sweet and blest,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They gave me welcome. So I slowly trod<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Their arched and lofty aisles, with heart at rest.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Ninth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Forests can flourish independent of agriculture; but +agriculture cannot prosper without forests.</p></div> + +<p><i>Tenth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The man who builds does a work which begins to decay as soon +as he has done, but the work of the man who plants trees +grows better and better, year after year, for generations.</p></div> + +<p><i>Eleventh pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Of all man's works of art a cathedral is greatest. A vast +and majestic tree is greater than that.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">H.W. Beecher</span>.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Twelfth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>In an agricultural country the preservation or destruction +of forests must determine the decision of Hamlet's +alternative: "to be or not to be." An animal flayed or a +tree stripped of its bark does not perish more surely than a +land deprived of the trees.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">Felix L. Oswald</span>.</p></div> + +<p><i>Thirteenth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>By their fruit ye shall know them. Do men gather grapes of +thorns, or figs of thistles? Even so every good tree +bringeth forth good fruit; but the corrupt tree bringeth +forth evil fruit. A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, +neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. Therefore +by their fruits ye shall know them.</p></div> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>8. DECLAMATION.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>A FOREST SONG.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">A song for the beautiful trees!<br /></span> +<span class="i2">A song for the forest grand,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The garden of God's Own land,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The pride of His centuries.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hurrah! for the kingly oak,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">For the maple, the sylvan queen,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For the lords of the emerald cloak,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">For the ladies in living green.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">So long as the rivers flow,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">So long as the mountains rise,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">May the forest sing to the skies,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And shelter the earth below.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hurrah! for the beautiful trees,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Hurrah! for the forest grand,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The pride of His centuries,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The garden of God's own land.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">W.H. Venable</span>.<br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + + +<p><b>9. ADDRESS.</b> (BY TEACHER OR SOME ONE INVITED FOR THE OCCASION.)</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>10. DECLAMATION.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>A JUNE DAY.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Now is the high-tide of the year,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And whatever of life hath ebbed away<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Comes flooding back with a rippling cheer,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Into every bare inlet and creek and bay;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Now the heart is so full that a drop overfills it,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We are happy now because God wills it;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No matter how barren the past may have been,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Tis enough for us now that the leaves are green;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We sit in the warm shade and feel right well<br /></span> +<span class="i0">How the sap creeps up and the blossoms swell;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We may shut our eyes but we cannot help knowing<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That skies are clear and grass is growing;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The breeze comes whispering in our ear,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That dandelions are blossoming near,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That maize has sprouted, that streams are flowing,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That the river is bluer than the sky,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That the robin is plastering his house hard by;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And if the breeze kept the good news back,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For other couriers we should not lack;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">We would guess it all by yon heifer's lowing,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And hark! how clear bold chanticleer,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Warmed with the new wine of the year,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tells all in his lusty crowing!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Joy comes, grief goes, we know not how:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Everything is happy now,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Everything is upward striving;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Tis as easy now for the heart to be true<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As for grass to be green or skies to be blue,—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">'Tis the natural way of living.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Lowell</span>: <i>Sir Launfal.</i><br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + + +<p><b>11. VOTING FOR THE TREE OR FLOWER WHICH SHALL BE THE EMBLEM OF THE +SCHOOL FOR THE YEAR.</b></p> + +<p>Suggestions.—If this programme should prove too long, parts of it may +readily be omitted. If the day be a fine one, it might be well to +transfer the address and, perhaps, the readings to the third part of +the programme at the tree.</p> + +<p>In order to facilitate the voting of the tree or flower and have it +occupy but little time, it would be well to have a blackboard facing +the pupils during the exercises with a few drawings of trees and +flowers, each with a characteristic attribute printed beneath it. The +voting may then be expeditiously performed by pointing to the +drawings.</p> + +<p>In some States there is a provision for the children to vote on Arbor +Day for a favorite flower, which shall be considered the State flower. +In others a State tree may be selected by vote of the children. In +such cases this is the time for the selection.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p> +<p><b>12. RECITATION.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>THE AMERICAN FLAG.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When Freedom from her mountain height<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Unfurled her standard to the air,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She tore the azure robe of night<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And set the stars of glory there;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She mingled with its gorgeous dyes<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The milky baldric of the skies,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And striped its pure celestial white<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With streakings of the morning light;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then from his mansion in the sun<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She called her eagle bearer down,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And gave into his mighty hand<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The symbol of her chosen land.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">J.R. Drake.</span><br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + +<p style="text-align: center">[To be recited and followed immediately by the song "Star +Spangled Banner."]</p> + + +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> + + +<p><b>13. SONG.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>STAR SPANGLED BANNER.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: right"><span class="smcap">Francis Key.</span></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/music02a.png" alt="music" width="748" height="1044" /><img src="images/music02b.png" alt="music" width="743" height="207" /></p> + + +<p style="text-align: center">[<a href="music/music02.midi">Listen</a>] [<a href="music/music02.ly">View +Lilypond</a>]</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p> + +<h3>II.—The March.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Suggestions.</i>—See that the children keep step to the air +of the song. Arrange them according to size, the smallest +first, that the column may present a picturesque appearance.</p></div> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>MARCHING SONG.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/music03.png" alt="music" width="741" height="456" /></p> + +<p style="text-align: center">[<a href="music/music03.midi">Listen</a>] [<a href="music/music03.ly">View +Lilypond</a>]</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">1. There's Springtime in the air<br /></span> +<span class="i2">When the happy robin sings,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And earth grows bright and fair,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Covered with the robe she brings.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>Cho.</i> March, oh, march, 'tis Arbor Day,<br /></span> +<span class="i3">Joy for all and cares away;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">March, oh, march, from duties free<br /></span> +<span class="i3">To the planting of the tree.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">2. There's Springtime in the air<br /></span> +<span class="i2">When the buds begin to swell,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And woodlands, brown and bare,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">All the summer joys foretell.—<i>Cho.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">3. There's Springtime in the air<br /></span> +<span class="i2">When the heart so fondly pays<br /></span> +<span class="i1">This tribute, sweet and rare,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Which to mother earth we raise.—<i>Cho.</i><br /></span> +</div></div> +<p> </p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> +<h3>III.—Exercises at the Tree-Planting.</h3> + +<p> </p> +<p><b>1. PLANTING OF TREES.</b> (ONE OR MORE).</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><b>2. SONG.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>PLANTING THE TREE.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/music04.png" alt="music" width="740" height="506" /></p> + +<p style="text-align: center">[<a href="music/music04.midi">Listen</a>] [<a href="music/music04.ly">View +Lilypond</a>]</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Gather we here to plant the fair tree;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gladsome the hour, joyous and free,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Greeting to thee, fairest of May!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Breathe sweet the buds on our loved Arbor Day.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gather we now, the sapling around,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Singing our song—let it resound:<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>Refrain.</i><br /></span> +<span class="i2">Happy the day! Happy the hour!<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Joyous we, all of us, feel their glad power.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Shovel and spade, trowel and hoe,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Carefully dig up the quick-yielding ground;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Make we a bed, softly lay low<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Each little root with the earth spread around;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Snug as a nest, the soil round them pressed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">This is the home that the rootlings love best.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>Refrain.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Moisten and soften the ground, ye Spring Rains;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Swell ye the buds, and fill ye the veins,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Bless the dear tree, bountiful Sun;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Warm thou the blood in the stem till it run;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hasten the growth, let leaves have birth,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Make it most beautiful thing of the earth.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>Refrain.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—[<span class="smcap">Dr. E.P. Waterbury</span>]<br /></span> +</p></div></div> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>3. RECITATIONS.</b></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>NOTE.—One or more of the recitations may be given with the +planting of each tree, the number depending upon the number +of trees planted.</p></div> + +<p><i>First pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Plant in the spring-time the beautiful trees,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So that in future each soft summer breeze,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Whispering through tree-tops may call to our mind,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Days of our childhood then left far behind.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Days when we learned to be faithful and true;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Days when we yearned our life's future to view;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Days when the good seemed so easy to do;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Days when life's cares were so light and so few.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Second pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Plant trees for beauty, for pleasure and for health;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Plant trees for shelter, for fruitage and for wealth.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Third pupil.</i></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>NOBILITY.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">True worth is in <i>being</i>, not <i>seeming</i>,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">In doing each day that goes by<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Some little good—not in the dreaming<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Of great things to do by and by.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Alice Cary.</span><br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Fourth pupil.</i></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>PLANTING OF TREES.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, happy trees which we plant to-day,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">What great good fortunes wait you!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For you will grow in sun and snow<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Till fruit and flowers freight you.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Your winter covering of snow,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Will dazzle with its splendor;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Your summer's garb, with richest glow,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Will feast of beauty render.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">In your cool shade will tired feet<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Pause, weary, when 'tis summer,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And rest like this will be most sweet<br /></span> +<span class="i2">To every tired new-comer.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Fifth pupil.</i></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>THE COMING OF SPRING.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When wake the violets, winter dies;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">When sprout the elm buds, Spring is near;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When lilacs blossom, Summer cries,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Bud, little rose! Spring is here.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Lowell.</span><br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Sixth Pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>When we plant a tree, we are doing what we can to make our +planet a more wholesome and happier dwelling-place for those +who come after us, if not for ourselves.</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">O.W. Holmes.</span></p></div> + +<p><i>Seventh pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is no exaggerated praise to call a tree the grandest and +most beautiful of all the productions of the earth."</p> + +<p style="text-align: right">—<span class="smcap">Gilpin</span>, <i>Forest Scenery</i>.</p></div> + +<p><i>Eighth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Kind hearts are the gardens,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Kind thoughts are the roots,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Kind words are the blossoms,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Kind deeds are the fruits."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Ninth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">What do we plant when we plant the tree?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the ship which will cross the sea.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the mast to carry the sails;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the planks to withstand the gales—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The keel, the keelson, and beam and knee;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the ship when we plant the tree.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Tenth pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">What do we plant when we plant the tree?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the houses for you and me.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the rafters, the shingles, the floors,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the studding, the lath, the doors,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The beams and siding, all parts that be;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the house when we plant the tree.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><i>Eleventh pupil.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">What do we plant when we plant the tree?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A thousand things that we daily see;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the spire that out-towers the crag,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the staff for our country's flag,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant the shade, from the hot sun free;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We plant all these when we plant the tree.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Henry Abbey.</span><br /></span> +</p></div></div> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> +<p><b>4. TREE PLANTING SONG.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>PLANTING OF THE TREE.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/music05.png" alt="music" width="743" height="486" /></p> + +<p style="text-align: right"><span class="smcap">J.D. Burrell.</span></p> + +<p style="text-align: center">[<a href="music/music05.midi">Listen</a>] [<a href="music/music05.ly">View +Lilypond</a>]</p> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>5. PATRIOTIC RECITATION.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>UNION AND LIBERTY.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>First voice.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Flag of the heroes who left us their glory,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Borne through our battle-fields' thunder and flame,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Blazoned in song and illumined in story,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Wave o'er us all who inherit their fame!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>Second voice.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Light of our firmament, guide of our nation,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Pride of her children, and honored afar,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Let the wide beams of thy full constellation<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Scatter each cloud that would darken a star!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>Third voice.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Empire unsceptred! what foe shall assail thee,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Bearing the standard of Liberty's van?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Think not the God of thy fathers shall fail thee,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Striving with men for the birthright of man!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>Fourth voice.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Yet, if by madness and treachery blighted,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Dawns the dark hour when the sword thou must draw,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then, with the arms of thy millions united,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Smite the bold traitors to Freedom and Law!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><i>All.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4">Up with our banner bright,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Sprinkled with starry light,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Spread its fair emblems from mountain to shore;<br /></span> +<span class="i4">While through the sounding sky,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Loud rings the Nation's cry,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Union and Liberty!—one evermore!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<span class="i0">—<span class="smcap">Oliver Wendell Holmes.</span><br /></span> +</p> +</div></div> + + +<p> </p> + + +<p><b>6. ADDRESS OR READING OF SOME SELECTION FROM ANOTHER PART OF THIS +PAMPHLET.</b></p> +<p> </p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p> +<p><b>7. MARCHING FROM THE FIELD.</b> (TO FOLLOWING TUNE.)</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>WOODMAN, SPARE THAT TREE.</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/music06a.png" alt="music" width="754" height="859" /><img src="images/music06b.png" alt="music" width="747" height="248" /></p> + + + +<p style="text-align: center">[<a href="music/music06.midi">Listen</a>] [<a href="music/music06.ly">View +Lilypond</a>]</p> + + + +<p> </p> + + + +<p><b>8. BREAKING RANKS AND DISMISSAL.</b></p> + + + +<p> </p> + + + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<img src="images/image03.png" alt="decoration" width="110" height="74" /></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><a name="ADS">Arbor Day Leaves</a></h2> + +<p style="text-align: center">WILL BE SUPPLIED TO</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Superintendents, Teachers, and School Officers for their schools at +the following rates:</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<b>Single Copy, postage paid to any address 10 cents<br /> +25 Copies, postage or express paid to any address $2.00<br /> +100 Copies, postage or express paid to any address 5.00<br /> +</b> +</p> + + +<p style="text-align: center">ADDRESS</p> + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY</b></p> + +<p style="text-align: center"> +806 and 808 Broadway, New York.<br /> +137 Walnut Street, Cincinnati.<br /> +258 and 260 Wabash Avenue, Chicago.<br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<h3>OUR COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE LIST</h3> + +<p><b>A Great Catalogue.</b> Over 2,000 volumes are described in the 21 +sections of our Descriptive Catalogue. These are published separately. +The subjects are:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">1. Reading</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">2. Supplementary Reading</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">3. Arithmetics</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">4. Higher Mathematics</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">5. Penmanship, etc.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">6. Geography</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">7. History</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">8. Spelling</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">9. English Language</span><br /> +10. Drawing<br /> +11. Music<br /> +12. Book-keeping<br /> +13. Ancient Language<br /> +14. Modern Language<br /> +15. Science<br /> +16. Botany<br /> +17. Philosophy, Psychology, etc.<br /> +18. Civics and Economics<br /> +19. Pedagogy, Records, etc.<br /> +20. Elocution<br /> +21. Maps and Charts<br /> +</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">On application, we will mail those which interest you.</p> + +<h3>AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY</h3> + +<p style="text-align: center">NEW YORK - CINCINNATI - CHICAGO</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<h2>Popular Books for Young Readers.</h2> + + +<p> +MONTEITH'S POPULAR SCIENCE READER. By <span class="smcap">James Monteith.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">12mo, cloth, 360 pages 75 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Presents a number of easy and interesting lessons on natural science +and natural history, interspersed with appropriate selections from +standard authors.</p> + +<p> +THE GEOGRAPHICAL READER AND PRIMER.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">12mo, cloth, red edges, 298 pages 60 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>A series of journeys round the world, based on Guyot's Introduction, +with primary lessons. Richly illustrated with over 130 engravings.</p> + + +<p> +JOHONNOT'S GEOGRAPHICAL READER. By <span class="smcap">James Johonnot.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">12mo, cloth, 418 pages $1.00</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>A collection of geographical descriptions and narrations from the best +writers in English literature, carefully classified and arranged.</p> + + +<p> +JOHONNOT'S HISTORICAL READERS. Seven books.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Grandfather's Stories 27 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stories of Heroic Deeds 30 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stories of Our Country 40 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stories of Other Lands 40 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stories of the Olden Time 54 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ten Great Events in History 54 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>An attractive series of books, carefully graded and fully illustrated.</p> + + +<p> +SHEPHERD'S HISTORICAL READER. By <span class="smcap">Henry E. Shepherd</span>, A.M.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">12mo, cloth, 345 pages $1.00</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>A collection of extracts representing the purest historical literature +that has been produced in the different stages of literary +development, from the time of Clarendon to the era of Macaulay and +Prescott.</p> + + +<p> +JOHONNOT'S NATURAL HISTORY READERS. Six books.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Book of Cats and Dogs 17 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Friends in Feathers and Fur 30 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Neighbors with Wings and Fins 40 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some Curious Flyers, Creepers, and Swimmers 40 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Neighbors with Claws and Hoofs 54 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Glimpses of the Animate World $1.00</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>On the same plan as Johonnot's Historical Readers. These books are +admirable for supplementary reading classes.</p> + + +<p> +LOCKWOOD'S ANIMAL MEMOIRS. By <span class="smcap">Samuel Lockwood</span>, Ph.D.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Two books. 12mo. Illustrated.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Part I. Mammals. 317 pages. 60 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Part II. Birds. 397 pages. 60 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>For use either as text-books of science in popular form, or as +supplementary readers.</p> + + +<p> +McGUFFEY'S NATURAL HISTORY READERS.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Two books. 12mo. Illustrated.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">McGuffey's Familiar Animals and their Wild Kindred. 208 pages, 50 cts.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">McGuffey's Living Creatures of Water, Land, and Air. 208 pages, 50 cts.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<p> +TREAT'S HOME STUDIES IN NATURE. By Mrs. <span class="smcap">Mary Treat</span>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">12mo, cloth, 244 pages 90 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Part I.—Observations on Birds. Part II.—Habits of Insects. Part +III.—Plants that consume Animals. Part IV.—Flowering Plants.</p> + + +<p><i>Copies of the above books will be sent, postage prepaid, to any +address on receipt of price. Full descriptive circulars of +supplementary readers for all grades mailed free on application.</i></p> + + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<b>AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY,</b><br /> +New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston. +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Arithmetic.</h2> + + +<p><i>Practical series, freshly written, attractive, carefully graded, +standard works. They state principles and definitions clearly and +simply, and provide plenty of practice.</i></p> + + +<p>MILNE'S NEW ARITHMETICS:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elements of Arithmetic 30 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Standard Arithmetic 65 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>These books constitute an entirely new two-book series, embodying what +is considered the best in modern methods of teaching arithmetic. It is +a philosophical, original, progressive, and thoroughly modern course. +The Standard Arithmetic provides a thorough and systematic training of +pupils to rapidity and accuracy, while at the same time it aims to +help their analytical powers and reasoning faculties. Business +processes are introduced in such a way as to render them of the +greatest practical value. Other features are a new order and +arrangement of subjects; lucidity of explanations; brevity and +accuracy of definitions, principles, and rules.</p> + + +<p>ROBINSON'S NEW ARITHMETICS:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Primary Arithmetic 18 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Rudiments of Arithmetic 30 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Practical Arithmetic 65 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>These revisions present in a new dress all of those distinctive +features which have contributed to the success and popularity of +Robinson's Progressive Arithmetics, while introducing much important +and valuable matter not to be found in the earlier editions. The New +Primary and New Practical Arithmetics form an excellent two-book +course. The Rudiments is an intermediate book, giving additional drill +and strengthening the series where most pupils are weak. The three +books are therefore confidently recommended when time will permit +their use.</p> + + +<p>APPLETONS' STANDARD ARITHMETICS:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Appletons' First Lessons 36 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Appletons' Numbers Applied 75 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Embodying many new and practical features.</p> + + +<p>RAY'S NEW ARITHMETICS:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Elementary Arithmetic 35 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Practical Arithmetic 50 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Intellectual Arithmetic 25 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Higher Arithmetic 85 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Philosophical in treatment; concise, simple, and clear in style.</p> + + +<p>FISH'S NEW ARITHMETICS:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fish's Arithmetic, Number One 30 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fish's Arithmetic, Number Two 60 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Latest and best results of Mr. Fish's lifelong studies in this +department.</p> + + +<p>WHITE'S NEW ARITHMETICS:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">First Book of Arithmetic 30 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">New Complete Arithmetic 65 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>One of the strongest and most attractive two-book series published.</p> + + +<p>We publish also: Robinson's Shorter Course; Davies's Popular +Arithmetics; Ficklin's Series; Harper's Two-book Course; Bailey's +American Mental Arithmetic, and others, circulars of which will be +sent on application.</p> + +<p><i>Books sent prepaid on receipt of price. Special terms on introductory +supplies. Correspondence is invited.</i></p> + + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<b>AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY,</b><br /> +New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston. +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Language Books.</h2> + + +<p><i>Attractive books for language study, not part of any series, but may +be used independently as introductory to any more advanced grammars.</i></p> + + +<p> +BARNES'S LANGUAGE LESSONS;<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or, Short Studies in English. Illustrated. In two parts.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part I.—Picture Lessons in English 30 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part II.—Working Lessons in English 40 cents</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Two Parts in One Volume 60 cents</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>A series of easy and attractive lessons, containing a large amount of +practice upon each topic belonging to English grammar.</p> + + +<p> +ECLECTIC LANGUAGE LESSONS 35 cents<br /> +</p> + +<p>Designed to accustom children to correct use of the elementary forms +of speech with as little reference as possible to the technicalities +of grammar.</p> + + +<p>LONG'S NEW LANGUAGE EXERCISES.</p> + +<p>Based upon the principle that children learn by example and practice, +and not by rules and theory. Fully illustrated.</p> + +<p> +New Language Exercises, Part I 20 cents<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For First and Second Reader Grades.</span><br /> +New Language Exercises, Part II 25 cents<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For Third and Fourth Reader Grades.</span><br /> +Lessons in English (Grammar and Composition) 35 cents<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The rudiments of grammar, free from technicalities. 144 pages. Cloth.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<p> +METCALF AND BRIGHT'S LANGUAGE EXERCISES. 42 cents +</p> + +<p>Comprising three parts in one volume, and covering three grades of +work in schools. Arranged to develop clearness of thought and accuracy +of expression.</p> + + +<p> +PARSHALL'S GRADED EXERCISES IN ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS, AND FALSE SYNTAX. 36 cents +</p> + +<p>With an exemplified outline of the classification of sentences and +clauses, and a table of diacritical marks and questions.</p> + + +<p> +SHOUP'S EASY WORDS FOR LITTLE LEARNERS, and How to Use Them. 15 cents +</p> + +<p>Language lessons so arranged and illustrated as to make the study +interesting and instructive for beginners.</p> + + +<p> +SILL'S PRACTICAL LESSONS IN ENGLISH. 60 cents +</p> + +<p>A brief course in grammar and composition.</p> + + +<p> +STUDIES IN LANGUAGE.</p> +<p>Child's Book of Language. Graded Lessons and Blanks for the Natural Development of Language. Four Numbers. Each number 20 pages and +blanks. Paper. Illustrated. Each 8 cents</p> +<p>Teachers' Edition. Four Parts in one vol. Paper. Illustrated. 30 cents</p> +<p>Letters and Lessons in Language. Lessons and Blanks in Four Numbers. Each number 48 pages. Paper. Illustrated. Each 16 cents</p> +<p>Letters and Lessons in Language. No. 5. Grammar 137 pages. 18mo. Cloth. 35 cents</p> +<p>Studies in Language. A Teachers' Guide to the First Four Numbers of "Letters and Lessons." 133 pages. Paper. +Illustrated 20 cents +</p> + + +<p> +WARD'S GRAMMAR BLANKS.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nos. 1 and 2. Per dozen 90 cents</span> +</p> + +<p>For written recitations in analysis and parsing; so arranged as to +economize the time of both pupil and teacher.</p> + + +<p><i>Any of the above books will be mailed, postpaid, on receipt of price. +Full list of publications will be sent an application.</i></p> + + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<b>AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY,</b><br /> +New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston. +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>School Geographies.</h2> + + +<p>The great demand for the American Book Company's numerous geographies +enables them to keep an efficient corps always engaged in securing +accurate data of every change and discovery affecting this science, +and these are promptly incorporated in the Company's books. The +Company will continue to pursue the course indicated above in +reference to its geographies, notwithstanding the heavy expense, +confident that progressive teachers everywhere will appreciate these +efforts to keep in the market the most accurate, reliable, and in +every way the best school geographies published.</p> + +<p>The leading Common-School Geographies are the following:</p> + +<p> +APPLETONS' STANDARD GEOGRAPHIES.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Appletons' Elementary Geography $0 55</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Appletons' Higher Geography 1 25</span><br /> +<br /> +BARNES'S NEW GEOGRAPHIES.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Barnes's Elementary Geography 55</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Barnes's Complete Geography 1 25</span><br /> +<br /> +ECLECTIC GEOGRAPHIES.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eclectic Elementary Geography 55</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eclectic Complete Geography 1 20</span><br /> +<br /> +HARPER'S GEOGRAPHIES.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harper's Introductory Geography 48</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harper's School Geography 1 08</span><br /> +<br /> +SWINTON'S GEOGRAPHIES.<br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Swinton's Introductory Geography 55</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Swinton's Grammar-School Geography 1 25</span><br /> +</p> + + +<h3>PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.</h3> + +<p> +<b>Appletons' Physical Geography.</b> Large 4to. $1 60<br /> +</p> + +<p>Prepared by a corps of scientific experts, with richly illustrated +engravings, diagrams, and maps in color.</p> + + +<p> +<b>Eclectic Physical Geography.</b> 12mo. $1 00<br /> +</p> + +<p>By <span class="smcap">Russell Hinman</span>. A new work in a new and convenient form. +All irrelevant matter is omitted, and the pages devoted exclusively to +Physical Geography clearly treated in the light of recent +investigations. The numerous charts, cuts, and diagrams are drawn with +accuracy, fully illustrating the text.</p> + + +<p> +<b>Guyot's Physical Geography.</b> Large 4to. $1 60<br /> +</p> + +<p>By <span class="smcap">Arnold Guyot</span>. Revised, with new plates and newly engraved +maps.</p> + + +<p> +<b>Monteith's New Physical Geography.</b> 4to. $1 00<br /> +</p> + +<p>A new and comprehensive work, embracing the results of recent research +in this field, including Physiography, Hydrography, Meteorology, +Terrestrial Magnetism, and Vulcanology.</p> + + +<p><i>Any of these books will be sent, prepaid, to any address on receipt +of price. Special terms for introduction. Correspondence invited.</i></p> + + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<b>American Book Company,</b><br /> +New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>American History for Schools.</h2> + + +<p>BARNES'S SERIES:</p> + +<p>Barnes's Primary History of the United States. By <span class="smcap">T.F. +Donnelly</span>. For Intermediate Classes. Fully illustrated. 60 cents</p> + +<p>Barnes's Brief History of the United States. Revised to the present +Administration. Richly embellished with maps and illustrations. $1.00</p> + + +<p>ECLECTIC SERIES:</p> + +<p>Eclectic Primary History of the United States. By <span class="smcap">Edward S. +Ellis</span>. A book for younger classes, or those who have not the time +to devote to a more complete history. 50 cents</p> + +<p>New Eclectic History of the United States. By <span class="smcap">M.E. +Thalheimer</span>. A revised, enlarged, and improved edition of the +"Eclectic History of the United States." Fully illustrated with +engravings, colored plates, etc., $1.00</p> + + +<p>EGGLESTON'S SERIES:</p> + +<p>Eggleston's First Book in American History. By <span class="smcap">Edward +Eggleston</span>. With Special Reference to the Lives and Deeds of Great +Americans. Beautifully illustrated. A history for beginners on a new +plan. 60 cents</p> + +<p>Eggleston's History of the United States and its People. By +<span class="smcap">Edward</span> <span class="smcap">Eggleston</span>. For the Use of Schools. Fully +illustrated with engravings, maps, and colored plates. $1.05</p> + + +<p>We also publish Niles's United States History; Swinton's Series, two +books; and Quackenbos's Series, two books.</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<h3>General History.</h3> + + +<p><b>Appletons' School History of the World</b> $1.22</p> + +<p>A clear, fresh, carefully condensed work, fully illustrated.</p> + + +<p><b>Barnes's Brief General History of the World</b> 1.60</p> + +<p>New edition, carefully revised, and entirely reset. One of the most +popular and interesting histories of the world that has been +published.</p> + + +<p><b>Fisher's Outlines of Universal History</b> 2.40</p> + + +<p><b>Swinton's Outlines of the World's History</b> 1.44</p> + +<p>The same, in two parts, each .75</p> + +<p>Ancient, mediæval, and modern, with special reference to the history +of mankind.</p> + + +<p><b>Thalheimer's General History</b> 1.20</p> + +<p>Extreme brevity has here been combined with a lively and simple +narrative, specially adapted for younger pupils.</p> + + +<p>Our list also includes Histories of England, France, Greece, Rome, +etc., besides ancient, mediæval, and modern histories and manuals of +mythology.</p> + +<p>Send for Section 7, which fully describes these and other works on the +same subject. Special terms for introduction. Correspondence invited.</p> + + +<p style="text-align: center"> +<b>AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY,</b><br /> +New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>RECENT PUBLICATIONS.</h2> + + +<p> +ALEXANDER'S Brief History of the Hawaiian People. <i>Illustrated</i>. $1 50<br /> +<br /> +APGAR'S Trees of the Northern United States. <i>Illustrated</i> 1 00<br /> +<br /> +APPLETON'S School Physics 1 20<br /> +<br /> +APPLETONS' How to Teach Writing. A Manual of Penmanship 50<br /> +<br /> +ARMSTRONG AND NORTON'S Laboratory Manual of Chemistry 50<br /> +<br /> +BAILEY'S American Mental Arithmetic 35<br /> +<br /> +BARNES'S General History of the World.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A new edition printed from new plates 1 60</span><br /> +<br /> +CATHCART'S Literary Reader. A New Manual of English Literature. 1 15<br /> +<br /> +DREYSPRING'S French Reader on the Cumulative Method 75<br /> +<br /> +ELLWOOD'S Table Book and Test Problems in Mathematics 1 00<br /> +<br /> +English Classics for Schools. Uniform binding in boards.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Macaulay's <span class="smcap">Second Essay on the Earl of Chatham</span> 20</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Roger de Coverley Papers, from <i>The Spectator</i> 20</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Irving's <span class="smcap">Sketch-Book—Ten Selections</span> 20</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Scott's (<span class="smcap">Sir Walter) Ivanhoe</span> 50</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Scott's (<span class="smcap">Sir Walter) Marmion</span> 40</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shakespeare's <span class="smcap">Julius Cæsar</span> 20</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shakespeare's <span class="smcap">Twelfth Night</span> 20</span><br /> +<br /> +HARPER AND MILLER'S Vergil's Aeneid 1 25<br /> +<br /> +HOFFMAN'S Sloyd System of Wood Working 1 00<br /> +<br /> +MILNE'S Standard Arithmetic 65<br /> +<br /> +MILNE'S High School Algebra 1 00<br /> +<br /> +MORRIS'S Physical Education in the Public Schools 1 00<br /> +<br /> +PETERMAN'S Elements of Civil Government 60<br /> +<br /> +RICKOFF'S Supplementary First Reader 25<br /> +<br /> +ROBINSON'S New Arithmetics:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">New Primary Arithmetic</span>18</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">New Rudiments of Arithmetic.</span> 30</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">New Practical Arithmetic</span> 65</span><br /> +<br /> +The Schoolmaster in Literature. With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">Edw. Eggleston</span> 1 40<br /> +<br /> +WEBSTER'S New School Dictionaries:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">New Primary Dictionary</span> 48</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">New Common School Dictionary</span> 72</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">New High School Dictionary</span> 98</span><br /> +<br /> +WHITE'S New Course in Art Instruction:<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">Books 1, 2, and</span> 3, per dozen. 1 00</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">Books 4 to</span> 9, per dozen. 1 80</span><br /> +</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Books sent postpaid on receipt of price. Specially favorable terms for +introduction.</p> + + +<p style="text-align: center"><b>AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY</b>, New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, Boston.</p> + + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Arbor Day Leaves, by N.H. Egleston + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARBOR DAY LEAVES *** + +***** This file should be named 17645-h.htm or 17645-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/6/4/17645/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Linda Cantoni, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Library of Congress) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> |