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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:51:17 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:51:17 -0700 |
| commit | 515b5f08b9928d37f4f43f893f289b7810c4a88b (patch) | |
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diff --git a/17512-h/17512-h.htm b/17512-h/17512-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b2963a --- /dev/null +++ b/17512-h/17512-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,7184 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Prairie Farmer, Vol. 56, No. 1., January 5, 1884. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;} /* page numbers */ + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .u {text-decoration: underline;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i6 {display: block; margin-left: 6em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i8 {display: block; margin-left: 8em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i10 {display: block; margin-left: 10em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i12 {display: block; margin-left: 12em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + span.dropcap { display: none; } /* this goes around the first letter of the first word */ + /* You need a unique span like this for each of your drop cap images */ + span.dropcapt { float: left; + height: 55px; width: 50px; /* adjust for your image */ + margin: 0 0 0 0; + background: url("images/illus-11e.png") no-repeat top left; + } + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Prairie Farmer, Vol. 56: No. 1, January 5, +1884., by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Prairie Farmer, Vol. 56: No. 1, January 5, 1884. + A Weekly Journal for the Farm, Orchard and Fireside + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 14, 2006 [EBook #17512] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRAIRIE FARMER *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Susan Skinner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 1]<a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/illus-01b.png" width="600" height="189" alt="The Prairie Farmer + +A Weekly Journal for + +The Farm, Orchard, and Fireside." title="" /> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" width="100%"> +<tr><td align='left' style='font-size: small'>ESTABLISHED IN 1841.<br />ENTIRE SERIES: VOL. 56—No. 1.</td><td align='center'>CHICAGO, SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1884.</td><td align='right' style='font-size: small'>PRICE, $2.00 PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE.</td></tr> +</table></div> +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p>[Transcriber's Note: Some pages in the original had the corner torn off. Missing text has been marked [***].]</p> + +<p>[Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents was originally located on page 8 of the periodical. It has +been moved here for ease of use.]</p> + +<h2>THE CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Agriculture</span>—Tall Meadow Oat-Grass, Page <a href="#Tall_Meadow_Oat-Grass">1</a>; The Barbed-Wire +Business, <a href="#The_Barb-Wire_Industry">1-2</a>; A Rambler's Letter, <a href="#A_Ramblers_Letter">2</a>; Let Us Be Sociable, <a href="#Let_Us_Be_Sociable">2</a>; Seed Corn +Again, <a href="#Seed_Corn_Again">2</a>; Field and Furrow, <a href="#Field_and_Furrow">3</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Live Stock</span>—Mr. Grinnell's Letter, Page <a href="#Mr_Grinnells_Letter">4</a>; Prices of 1883, <a href="#Prices_of_1883">4</a>; +Docking Horses, <a href="#Docking_Horses">4</a>; Items, <a href="#livestock_items">4</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Dairy</span>—Lessons in Finance for the Creamery Patron, Page <a href="#Lessons_in_Finance_for_the_Creamery_Patron">5</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Veterinary</span>—Fever, Page <a href="#Fever">5</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Horticulture</span>—Ill. Hort. Society, Page <a href="#Illinois_Horticultural_Society">6</a>; A Short Sermon on a +Long Text, <a href="#A_Short_Sermon_on_a_Long_Text">6</a>; Prunings, <a href="#Prunings">6-7</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Floriculture</span>—Gleanings by an Old Florist, Page <a href="#Gleanings_by_an_Old_Florist">7</a>; Am I a Scot +or am I Not, Poetry, <a href="#AM_I_A_SCOT_OR_AM_I_NOT">7</a>; Primitive Northwest, <a href="#Primitive_Northwest">7</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Editorial</span>—Items, <a href="#editorial_items">8</a>; Seed Samples, <a href="#SEED_SAMPLES">8</a>; The Pork Question in +Europe, <a href="#THE_PORK_QUESTION_IN_EUROPE">8</a>; Corn, Wheat, and Cotton, <a href="#CORN_WHEAT_AND_COTTON">8</a>; Chicago in 1883, <a href="#CHICAGO_IN_1883">9</a>; Strong Drink, +<a href="#STRONG_DRINK">9</a>; Questions and Answers, <a href="#Answers_to_Correspondents">9</a>; Wayside Notes, <a href="#Wayside_Notes">9</a>; Champaign Letter, <a href="#Letter_from_Champaign">9</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Poultry Notes</span>—Chat With Correspondents, Page <a href="#Chat_With_Correspondents">10</a>; Feather Ends, +<a href="#Feather_Ends">10</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Apiary</span>—Keep Bees, Page <a href="#Keep_Bees">10</a>; The New Bees, <a href="#The_New_Bees">10</a>; Hive and +Honey Hints, <a href="#Hive_and_Honey_Hints">10</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Silk Culture</span>—Women In Silk Culture, Page <a href="#Women_in_Silk_Culture">11</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Household</span>—The Schoolmarm's Story, Poem, Page <a href="#THE_SCHOOL-MARMS_STORY">12</a>; A Chat About +the Fashions, <a href="#A_Chat_About_the_Fashions">12</a>; A Kitchen Silo, <a href="#A_Kitchen_Silo">12</a>; Items, <a href="#household_items">12</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Young Folks</span>—Talk about the Lion, Page <a href="#A_Talk_About_the_Lion">13</a>; A Jack-knife Genius, +<a href="#A_Jack-knife_Genius">13</a>; Little Johnny, <a href="#little_Johnny">13</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Book Notices</span>—Page <a href="#BOOKS_RECEIVED">13</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Literature</span>—Robin, Dear Robin, Poetry, Page <a href="#ROBIN_DEAR_ROBIN">14</a>; Mrs. Wimbush's +Revenge, <a href="#MRS_WIMBUSHS_REVENGE">14</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Humorous</span>—The Carpenter's Wooing, Poetry, Page <a href="#THE_CARPENTERS_WOOING">15</a>; Where the +Old Maids Come From, <a href="#Where_the_Old_Maids_Come_in">15</a>; Items, <a href="#humor_items">15</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">News of the Week</span>—Page <a href="#GENERAL_NEWS">16</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Markets</span>—Page <a href="#MARKET_REPORTS">16</a>.</p> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><b><a name="Tall_Meadow_Oat-Grass" id="Tall_Meadow_Oat-Grass"></a>Tall Meadow Oat-Grass.</b></h2> + +<p>Prof. John W. Robson, State Botanist of Kansas, sends <span class="smcap">The Prairie +Farmer</span> an extract from his last report, concerning a tame grass for +hay and pasturing which is new to that State. The grass has been on +trial on an upland farm for two years, during which time he has watched +it very closely. The Professor says, "It possesses so many excellent +qualities as to place it in the front rank of all cultivated grasses." +He enumerates from his notes:</p> + +<p>1st. The seed will germinate and grow as easily as common oats. 2d. It +maintains a deep green color all seasons of the year. 3d. Its roots +descend deeply into the subsoil, enabling this grass to withstand a +protracted drouth. 4th. Its early growth in spring makes it equal to rye +for pasturage. 5th. In the next year after sowing it is ready to cut for +hay, the middle of May—not merely woody stems, but composed in a large +measure of a mass of long blades of foliage. The crop of hay can be cut +and cured, and stowed away in stack or barn, long before winter wheat +harvest begins. 6th. It grows quickly after mowing, giving a denser and +more succulent aftermath than any of the present popular tame grasses.</p> + +<p>For several years, he says, we have been looking for a grass that would +supply good grazing to our cattle and sheep after the native grasses +have become dry and tasteless. In the early portion of 1881, his +attention was called to a tame grass which had been introduced into the +State of Michigan from West Virginia. This forage plant was causing some +excitement among the farmers in the neighborhood of Battle Creek. So he +entered into a correspondence with a friend living there, and obtained +ten pounds of seed for trial. The result has been satisfactory in every +respect. The seed was sown April 1, 1881. It germinated quickly, and the +young plants grew vigorously. During the whole summer they exhibited a +deep-green color, and did not become brown, like blue-grass, orchard +grass, or timothy. As soon as the spring of 1882 opened, growth set in +rapidly, and continued till the latter end of May, at which period it +stood from three to four feet high. At this time it was ready for the +mower; but as the production of seed was the object in view, it was not +cut till the second week in June. The plot of ground of about half an +acre, on which ten pounds of seed were sown, produced three barrels of +seed.</p> + +<p>He exhibited a little sheaf of this grass at the semi-annual meeting of +the Kansas State Horticultural Society, where it excited much +attention—the height, softness of the stem, length of blade, and sweet +aroma surprised every one present.</p> + +<p>On the last day of August, he went into the plot with a sickle, and cut +two handfuls of aftermath which measured twenty inches in growth. This +he tied to a sheaf of the June cutting, and exhibited the same at the +State Fair, where it attracted much attention and comment.</p> + +<p>Here, then, we have, he continues, a grass that will insure a "good +catch" if the seed is fresh; that can endure severe drouth; that +produces an abundant supply of foliage; that is valuable for pasture in +early spring, on account of its early and luxuriant growth; that makes a +valuable hay; that shoots up quickly after being cut; and affords a fine +crop of aftermath for grazing during the late fall and winter months.</p> + +<p>The Professor is very anxious that the farmers of Kansas should test +this grass during the season of 1883. Still, his advice is not to invest +too largely in the experiment. Purchase from five to ten pounds of +seed, and give it a fair trial, and he is confident that the experiment +will be satisfactory.</p> + +<p>The name given to this valuable grass in the State of Michigan is +"Evergreen," but this is only a local synonym. Its scientific name is +Avena elatior; its common name, "Tall Meadow Oat-grass." Fearing that he +might be mistaken in its nomenclature, he sent a specimen to Professor +Carruth, State Botanist. This is his reply:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Mr. J.W. Robson—Dear Sir: Yours mailed on the 22d, I +received last evening. I do not get my mail every day. The +specimen of grass you sent agrees perfectly with the Avena +elatior, of Wood, and the Arrenatherrum avenaceum, of Gray; +but I have never seen this grass before. I agree with you in +the scientific name, and also in the common name, 'Tall +Meadow Oat-grass.'</p> + +<p>Yours truly, <span class="smcap">J.H. Carruth.</span>"</p></div> + +<p>The ground should be plowed in the fall, and early in the spring, as +soon as the soil is in good tilth; sow broadcast two bushels (or +twenty-eight pounds) of seed to the acre; cover well with the harrow, +both lengthways and across the piece of ground sown. Should the ground +prove weedy, cut the weeds down with the mowing machine in June, and +leave them upon the surface, and they will afford shade to the young +plants.</p> + +<p>This grass is extensively grown in Eastern Tennessee, and is very +popular in that portion of the State. In some portions of Western +Virginia it is largely grown for hay and for grass. It is known as tall +meadow oat-grass in each of the States we have mentioned above.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p>The main building for the New Orleans Cotton Centennial Exposition next +year will be 1,500 feet long and 900 feet wide, with 1,000,398 square +feet of floor space, including Music Hall in the center, with a seating +capacity of 12,000 persons. The design also provides for main offices, +telegraph office, newspaper department, fire department, police, +hospital, waiting-rooms, and life saving apparatus. The building will be +the largest exposition building ever erected, except the one in London +in 1862. The design adopted was the work of G.M. Jorgenson, of Meridian, +Mississippi. There were ten competitors.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="The_Barb-Wire_Industry" id="The_Barb-Wire_Industry"></a><b>JOSEPH F. GLIDDEN.</b></h2> + +<p class='center'><b>The Barb-Wire Industry—Some Facts in its Early History not Generally +Known—Its Growth.</b></p> + + +<p>Joseph Farwell Glidden, "the Father of the Barb-Wire Business" of this +country, is now a hale and hearty man of seventy-one. He was born at +Charleston, N.H. When about one year old the family came West, to +Clarendon, Orleans county, New York, and engaged in farming. The young +lad, besides mastering the usual branches taught in the common schools, +gave some time to the higher mathematics and Latin, intending to take a +college course, an idea that he finally abandoned. He taught in the +district schools for a few terms. In 1842 he came to Illinois and +purchased a quarter section of land a mile west of what is now the site +of the pleasant and prosperous town of DeKalb. With the exception of +three years his life since then has been passed upon this farm and at +DeKalb. He has from time to time added to his homestead, his farm now +embracing 800 acres. His land is under excellent cultivation, a +considerable portion of it having been thoroughly tiled, and his farm +buildings are first-class. Mr. Glidden has been twice married. Two +children were born of the first union, both dying in infancy. By his +second marriage he has one daughter, now the wife of a Chicago merchant.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illus-01a.png" width="400" height="444" alt="JOSEPH FARWELL GLIDDEN." title="" /> +<span class="caption">JOSEPH FARWELL GLIDDEN.</span> +</div> + +<p>Mr. Glidden has held several local offices of trust and honor and enjoys +in a marked degree the esteem and confidence of the citizens of his +neighborhood and county. The rapid accumulation of property of late +years, through his barb-wire patents and business, gave him the means to +gratify his feelings of public spirit, and in consequence the town of +DeKalb has benefited greatly at his hands. Its leading hotel and many +other buildings are the work of his enterprise. Mr. Glidden has never +lost the simple manners of the farm. He is unostentatious, quiet, +genial, and at his hotel makes everybody feel as much at home as though +enjoying the hospitalities of his private house. His kindly, firm, and +intelligent face is well shown in the accompanying portrait, though, as +is usually the case, the hand of the artist has touched his features +more lightly than has the hand of time.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>Few names are now more widely known among the land holders of the +country than that of Joseph F. Glidden, the unpretending gentleman whose +life we have briefly sketched. It was his fortune to seize upon an idea, +and push it to development, which has not only given him fame and +fortune, but which has enriched many others and saved many millions of +dollars to the farmers of America. He has not only founded a mammoth +industry, but he has revolutionized an economic system of the world. By +his ingenuity and perseverance the fencing system of a pastoral +continent has been reduced to a minimum of expense and simplicity. Not +that he individually has accomplished all this, but as the patentee of +the first really successful barb-wire fence, he laid the solid +foundation for it all.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>The first application for a patent for the Glidden barb was filed +October 27, 1873. For some weeks previous to this date Mr. Glidden had +had in his mind the idea of a barb of wire twisted about the main wire +of the fence, leaving two projecting points on opposite sides. He made +some of these by hand with the aid of pinchers and hammer. He strung two +wires between two trees and twisted them together with a stick placed +between them. A pair of cutting nippers was the next addition to his +"kit" of tools. His next means for twisting the two wires together was +the grindstone—attaching one end of the wire to shaft and crank, the +others being fastened to the wall of the barn. And here, as in most +things great and small in this world, woman furnished the motor power. +The strong arm of the good helpmeet, Mrs. Glidden, turned the grindstone +that twisted the first wire that made the first Glidden barb fence that +kept stock at bay in Illinois or the world. Then followed a device for +twisting and barbing, and the application of horse power. Business +expanded, and steam took the place of the horse, and inventive genius +modified and improved the entire machinery, it being estimated that at +least the sum of $1,000,000 has been expended in bringing the machinery +for barb-wire making to its present state of perfection.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>At about the same time that Mr. Glidden was wrestling with his ideas and +devices, Mr. I.L. Ellwood was experimenting to accomplish a like result +with a thin band of metal, the barbs cut and curved outward from the +strip. In the meantime Mr. Glidden had put up a few rods of his +hand-made barb-wire along the roadside at his farm. And here again the +good genius of woman enters upon the scene. One Sunday Mr. Ellwood and +his wife were driving along this road and attracted by the wire fence +stopped to examine it. Mrs. Ellwood, much to the chagrin of her husband, +remarked: "This seems to me a better device than your own, don't it to +you?" It did not then, for the remark disappointed and angered him. But +it set him to thinking and before the next morning he was of the same +opinion. The two men meeting the next day it did not take long to +compromise and unite. Mr. Ellwood dropped his own plans and accepted a +half interest in the Glidden patents, and assumed the management of the +business end of the concern, in which position he developed ability and +tact possessed by few business men in this country.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>The barb-wire fence met an unexpected and general demand. We know of few +things like it in the history of manufactures. From<span class='pagenum'>[Pg 2]<a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a></span> this small +beginning, scarce ten years ago more than fifty large establishments are +now turning out this wire to meet an ever insatiate demand. The +establishment of I.L. Ellwood (making the Glidden wire) at DeKalb is the +most complete and extensive of them all. The building is 800 feet in +length, and is supplied with about 200 machines for twisting and barbing +the wire. It gives, when running full force, employment to about 400 +men, and turns out a car-load of wire each hour for ten hours per day, +on an average, though this amount is considerably increased at certain +times of the year. These figures, though not given us by Mr. Ellwood, we +are satisfied do not overstate the production of this one factory. The +progress of the barb-wire industry of the whole country is shown by the +following record of the past nine seasons. In</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1874 there were 10,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1875 there were 600,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1876 there were 2,840,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1877 there were 12,863,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1878 there were 26,655,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1879 there were 50,337,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1880 there were 80,500,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1881 there were 120,000,000 lb made and sold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">1882 there were about 180,000,000 lb.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<p>The record for 1883 is not yet made up, but will probably show a +corresponding increase.</p> + +<p>In 1876 Mr. Glidden disposed of his half interest in the concern of +Glidden & Ellwood to the Washburn & Moen (wire) Manufacturing Company, +of Massachusetts, receiving therefor $60,000 in cash and a royalty on +the future goods manufactured, Mr. Ellwood retaining his interest. The +new concern began the purchase of prior unused and conflicting patents +involving itself in extensive litigation, but, sustained by the courts, +soon gained control of almost the entire barb-wire business of the +country. Nearly all wire-making companies are now running under license +from the parent concern. The following is a list of the licensees of +last year:</p> + + +<ul style='list-style: none;'><li>Pittsburg Hinge Co.—Limited, Beaver Falls, Pa.</li> +<li>H.B. Scutt & Co., Buffalo, N.Y.</li> +<li>Hawkeye Steel Barb Fence Co., Burlington, Iowa.</li> +<li>James Ayers and Alexander C. Decker, Bushnell, Ill.</li> +<li>Indiana Wire Fence Co., Crawfordsville, Ind.</li> +<li>Cedar Rapids Barb Wire Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa.</li> +<li>Cincinnati Barbed Wire Fence Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.</li> +<li>Cleveland Barb Fence Co., Cleveland, Ohio.</li> +<li>Ohio Steel Barb Fence Co., Cleveland, Ohio.</li> +<li>Edwin A. Beers & Co., Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Crandal Manufacturing Co., Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Chicago Galvanized Wire Fence Co., Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Lyman Manufacturing Co., Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Daniel S. Marsh, Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Oscar F. Moore, Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>National Wire Co., Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Herman E. Schnabel, Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Aaron K. Stiles and John W. Calkins, Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Thorn Wire Hedge Co., Chicago, Ill.</li> +<li>Baker Manufacturing Co., Des Moines, Iowa.</li> +<li>Superior Barbed Wire Co., DeKalb, Ill.</li> +<li>Jacob Haish, DeKalb, Ill.</li> +<li>Frentress Barbed Wire Fence Co., East Dubuque, Ill.</li> +<li>Grinnell Manufacturing Co., Grinnell, Iowa.</li> +<li>Janesville Barb Wire Co., Janesville, Wis.</li> +<li>Iowa Barb Wire Co., Johnstown, Pa.</li> +<li>William J. Adam, Joliet, Ill.</li> +<li>Lock Stitch Fence Co., Joliet, Ill.</li> +<li>Lambert & Bishop Wire Fence Co., Joliet, Ill.</li> +<li>Alfred Van Fleet & A.H. Shreffler, Joliet, Ill.</li> +<li>David G. Wells, Joliet, Ill.</li> +<li>Southwestern Barb Wire Co., Lawrence, Kan.</li> +<li>Arthur H. Dale, Leland, Ill.</li> +<li>Union Barb Wire Co., Lee, Ill.</li> +<li>Lockport Wire Fence Co., Lockport, Ill.</li> +<li>Norton & DeWitt, Lockport, Ill.</li> +<li>Iowa Barb Steel Wire Fence Co., Marshaltown, Iowa.</li> +<li>Omaha Barb Wire Co., Omaha, Neb.</li> +<li>H.B. Scutt & Co.—Limited, Pittsburg, Pa.</li> +<li>Missouri Wire Fence Co., St. Louis, Mo.</li> +<li>St. Louis Wire Fence Co., St. Louis, Mo.</li> +<li>J.H. Lawrence & Co., Sterling, Ill.</li> +<li>North Western Barb Wire Co., Sterling, Ill.</li> +<li>Novelty Manufacturing Co., Sterling, Ill.</li> +<li>Sandwich Enterprise Co., Sandwich, Ill.</li> +<li>Robinson & Hallidie, San Francisco, Cal.</li> +<li>The Hazard Manufacturing Co., Wilkes Barre, Pa.</li> +<li>Worcester Barb Fence Co., Worcester, Mass.</li></ul> + + + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>When Glidden & Ellwood first began the sale of the Glidden fence, which +was confined to the vicinity of DeKalb, they received 25 cents per pound +for the barbed wire. Since then, as production has increased and the +facilities for manufacturing have been multiplied and perfected, the +price has gradually dropped, until now a farm can be well fenced for +forty-five cents, or less, per rod, and to the incalculable advantage of +the country over fencing by posts and boards, hedges or rails, as any +one may see by a simple dollar and cent comparison of materials at his +own door.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>Barb-wire has done much for the city of DeKalb. It has built its fine +business blocks and residences, and it has peopled it with industrious, +thrifty citizens. It has made a home market for many of the products of +the country 'round about. It should give a new name, "Barb City," to the +bustling, busy town. There are three concerns now making barb-wire at +this point. The one spoken of is the largest. Next is that of Jacob +Haish, an extensive establishment, turning out an excellent wire, and +the Superior, run by Mr. Hiram Ellwood, Mr. Glidden having a +considerable interest in it.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>Mr. I.L. Ellwood is the owner of some 2,600 acres of land in the +vicinity of DeKalb. Much of this land is naturally low and wet. The +proprietor, with his accustomed energy and intelligence, has set +vigorously to work to reclaim it. To this end he has already laid eighty +miles of tile. He last year expended nearly $15,000 in this work. His +poorest land is rapidly becoming his most productive. Mr. Ellwood has +also turned his attention somewhat to horse-breeding, and he is now the +owner of a fine stud of draft-horses, the equal of many better-known +establishments of the kind in the State. Of his drainage operations we +hope to speak more in detail in a future number.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>Mr. Glidden told the writer that his first trial of his fence with stock +was not undertaken without some misgivings. But he thought to himself, +"It will stop them, at any rate, whether it kills them or not." So he +took down an old board fence from one side of his barn-yard, and towards +night when his stock came up, turned them into the yard as usual. The +first animal to investigate the almost invisible barrier to freedom was +a strong, heavy grade Durham cow. She walked along beside the wires for +a little put her nose out and touched a barb, withdrew it and took a +walk around the yard, approached the wires again and gave the barbs a +lap with her tongue. This settled the matter, and she retired, convinced +that the new-fangled fence was a success.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>Barb-wire is now sent from this country to Mexico, South America, and +Australia. It is also being manufactured in England under American +auspices.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>Mr. Glidden, associating with himself a Mr. Sanborn, a young man of push +and enterprise, has opened up an extensive cattle ranch in Potter and +Randall counties, Texas. They have fenced with wire a tract thirty miles +long by about fifteen miles broad, and have now upon it 14,000 head of +cattle. Two twisted No. 11 wires were used for this fence, and the posts +are the best that could be procured. The wire was taken 200 miles on +wagons. The total cost of the completed fence was about $36,000.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>Messrs. Glidden & Ellwood put up the first barb-wire ever used by a +railway company—the Northwestern. So great was the caution of the +company that the manufacturers built it themselves, agreeing to remove +it if it proved unsatisfactory. The railway folks feared it would injure +stock, the damages for which they would be forced to pay. It is needless +to say that the fence was not removed. More than one hundred railway +companies are now using the Glidden wire, and it stretches along many +thousands of miles of track.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h2><b><a name="A_Ramblers_Letter" id="A_Ramblers_Letter"></a>A Rambler's Letter.</b></h2> + +<p>I would like to call your attention to the fact that there is +considerable cholera among swine in Dewey township, Ill., west from +Joliet. Mr. Cooter lost about 130 hogs. Other farmers have suffered +equally.</p> + +<p>I have been looking over the stock in this part of the country and find +it excellent, as a general thing. Many of the farmers are breeders of +fine Hereford cattle. They also own first-class horses. Some of them +whom I called upon would like to know the address of State Veterinary +Surgeon Dr. Paaren, and I should be pleased if you will give it in +<span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> I have often thought, Why is it that so +many sons of wealthy farmers leave their homes for the purpose of either +studying in some classical college, to learn a trade, or to become +book-keepers and clerks in mercantile business. I think if farmers would +take more interest in agricultural papers, instead of having their +children fooling away their time on novels or comic stories and +pictures, it would be better for both old and young. Let the parents buy +a microscope and let the young folks examine insects and fungi of all +kinds, and let them write their experiences down in a book whenever +there is leisure time. Or let them write to <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> +something in the line of farming, be it agriculture, horticulture, or +about raising and caring for stock. In so doing the boys of our farming +country will become proud of their noble profession and of their homes. +They will gradually be, as every farmer should be, educated up to the +times. There are few farmers who can afford to let their sons study in +an agricultural university, but every one can surely afford to subscribe +for an agricultural paper, it being one of the most profitable +investments for himself and family.</p> + +<p>The ground is covered with snow to a small extent, and the roads are in +a fine condition. The crops are all good here except corn, which is very +poor indeed, even the crop in most cases is small. Farmers are not at +all satisfied, and times are not at all encouraging.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">H.A.P. Weissberger.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">Will Co., Ill.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> 355 Western Avenue (south), Chicago.</p></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="A_Farmers_Library" id="A_Farmers_Library"></a><b>A Farmer's Library.</b></h2> + + +<p>As this is the season to make up our list of papers and magazines for +the ensuing year, I will take a glance around my own cosy room set apart +for a library.</p> + +<p>It is here that I do the most of my reading, writing, and planning; and +although I pretend to be deeply engaged while ensconced in the large +willow rocker, strictly forbidding entrance to my farmer office, yet the +children and "Spot," my Gordon setter, will intrude, making things +lively for awhile, driving my thoughts wool-gathering and breaking many +a thread of thought that I had fondly hoped would place my name high on +the roll of scribblers. It is a good thing to have the little innocent +children and the dog to blame for these shortcomings, as they can not +take issue with us on the question.</p> + +<p>But I started to talk about a farmer's library; and taking my own for a +small sample, let us see how it looks.</p> + +<p>For the purpose of keeping my papers in order, I have prepared thin +laths of tough wood dressed with the draw knife to a thin edge, the back +being one fourth of an inch thick, leaving the lath one and a quarter +inch broad; these are cut in lengths to suit the paper they are intended +to hold. Take for instance <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>. I cut the lath +just two inches longer than the paper is long, then cut notches half of +an inch from each end, in which I tie the ends of a cord; this forms a +loop to hang up the file. In this I file each paper so soon as read, by +which means they are never lost or mislaid. When at the end of each +three months the papers are taken from off the file, the oldest number +is laid face down on a broad piece of plank and the number that follows +laid face down on the top of the first, then they are squared evenly and +a strong awl pierces three holes in the back edge through which a strong +twine string is laced and tied firmly; this finishes the job, and the +book thus simply and quickly made is placed on the shelf with its mates. +This done the file is returned to its hook to await the next number.</p> + +<p>This is a simple plan for filing papers of any size, and any farmer can +do it, there being no expense or outlay for material. On glancing up +from the stand on which I am writing, the first objects that attract my +notice are my breach loader, cartridge belt, and game-bag hanging on the +wall; then by the side of the stove hangs the file of <span class="smcap">The Prairie +Farmer</span>, within easy reach of my left hand; next it swings the +Country Gentleman, then comes the Forest and Stream, then Colman's Rural +World, then the Drainage Journal; next Harper's Weekly, then Harper's +Bazar. This is my wife's paper and she persists in hanging it among +mine. Then comes Harper's Monthly and the Century, not forgetting the +Sanitary Journal. On the other side of the room we find the Inter Ocean, +Democrat, and several other political papers fairly representing both +sides, also some standard books of valuable information; and last but +not least, the <span class="smcap">Prairie Farmer</span> Map which you sent for my club.</p> + +<p>Now, this may be considered a pretty large outlay for a common farmer to +make, but outside of life insurance, I consider it my best investment.</p> + +<p>In this selection I get the cream of all matters of practical importance +to the farmer. From <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> I get the latest and +most reliable information of the great central ruling markets of the +West Chicago, which has saved me sundry times from three to five cents +per bushel on wheat, sometimes paying the price of the paper twenty +times over in one transaction. From the C.G. I get the Eastern markets, +while Colman gives the St. Louis; and by a close study of the three a +farmer can always make enough to pay for twenty or thirty dollars worth +of good current literature for the use of his family. Then the F. and S. +is always full of delightful reading for the boys, refining their cruel +propensities, and teaching them to be kind to the feathered tribe which +are the farmer's friends. By reading it they soon lay aside their traps, +nets, and snares, with which they capture whole covies of the dear +little Bob-whites, and disdain to touch a feather, only when on the +wing, and then with their light, hammerless breach loader. Such reading +as that ties the farmer's boys to country life, and makes them contented +under the parental roof-tree until they are ready to build up homes of +their own. The Journal tells them all about tile making and drainage, a +very necessary accomplishment when they get their own homestead.</p> + +<p>The pictures in H.W. furnish a fountain of amusement for the little +folks, and teach them—with a little help—many things that will be +useful to them in life. As a matter of course the "Bezar" is for mother<br /> +and the girls, and [***]<br /> +consultations [***]<br /> +before the fair, a [***]<br /> +daughters, your [***]<br /> +good when she insisted [***]<br /> +be put on the list.</p> + +<p>A boy or a girl with [***]<br /> +the Century in their hands, [***]<br /> +room, with a bright clear lamp [***]<br /> +has no thought of city life, or [***]<br /> +In those bright pages the [***]<br /> +outer world painted in all its various [***]<br /> +so interesting and so fascinating [***]<br /> +have no desire to see it in reality; in [***]<br /> +they bring the brightest and best thought, [***]<br /> +historic, and romantic to our hearth and home; furnishing food for the +youthful minds, leaving no room for evil or discontented thoughts to +enter. Then I say to every farmer who has children, get the magazines +for them, they will save you a mountain of trouble.</p> + +<p>Then to balance things have one or two spicy news papers, which picture +in horrid colors the blackest side of human life. This is necessary to +guard the young against the riff-raff of humanity, such as tramps, +sharpers, sewing machine and book agents, the lightning rod man, and a +dozen other sharp swindlers that prey on the farmer and his family for +an existence. The Sanitary Journal treats of health, purity, and +cleanliness, and ought to be read and studied by all. Ah, I had almost +forgotten <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> Map which hangs by the door. What +can I say about it? that it is a handsome ornament for a living room or +library? yes, but that is not all, it is useful. When it arrived I took +it to the railroad office and compared it with the best map they had, +also with a map made by the U.S. land office. I came away satisfied that +it was reliable; it ought to be in the home of every farmer in this +great country of ours, so that their children can learn and know what a +grand heritage they have got. There is no excuse for being without it, +as a few pounds of butter or dozens of eggs will procure it and a paper +that will gladden the hearts of both old and young.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">Alex Ross.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">Cape Girardeau, Mo.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h2><b><a name="Let_Us_Be_Sociable" id="Let_Us_Be_Sociable"></a>Let Us Be Sociable.</b></h2> + + +<p>A happy new year to all of the readers of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>, +and may your labors of 1884 be crowned with success. Mr. Granger, what +are you doing these long winter evenings? Can't you find time to write a +few lines to the readers of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>? You can send a +little report from your county, at least. Come, let us be a little more +sociable and talk more to each other through the columns of our paper. +We can learn something by reading each other's views on different +subjects. In my next I shall try and tell some of the careless fellows +how to run a farm to make it pay. If I fail to give a little light on +the subject perhaps some one else will try it. We are having what you +might call winter, now. Snow is about six inches deep, but the weather +is not very cold. The thermometer has not been below zero but once. +Nearly all of the corn is gathered; only about one-third of the crop is +sound enough to keep until next summer. Farmers are feeding their soft +corn to hogs and cattle. In that way the soft corn will pay pretty well +after all, for fat stock brings a good price. Stock cattle are wintering +well, for feed in the fields is good, and most farmers have got plenty +of good hay. The weather was so nice the first part of this month that +the farmers did a large amount of plowing. Potatoes are plenty and +cheap; worth from 30 to 40 cents. Apples are scarce, and good ones bring +a big price. Butter is worth from 25 to 30 cents.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">S.O.A.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">Knox Co., Ill.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h2><b><a name="Seed_Corn_Again" id="Seed_Corn_Again"></a>Seed Corn Again.</b></h2> + + +<p>There has been much complaint of soft corn in this section on account of +planting foreign seed last spring, but it is all solid since the late +cold spell.</p> + +<p>Those who planted seed of their own raising and got a stand have fair +corn, while much of that which was raised from Kansas and Nebraska seed +was caught by the frost when in the milk. Now we will be in just the +same "fix" about seed next spring that we were last. This county has +lost thousands of dollars this year in the corn crop alone, all of which +might have been avoided by going through the fields before freezing +weather and selecting seed and properly drying it before it froze.</p> + +<p>And now right here I want to say that the great secret of good farming +is simply being punctual in attending to the small matters, and I +"guess" Fanny Field would say the same about poultry.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">Z.L. Thompson.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap">Iroquois Co., Ill.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 3]<a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p>REMEMBER <i>that</i> $2.00 <i>pays for</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> <i>from this +date to January</i> 1, 1885; <i>For</i> $2.00 <i>you get it for one year and a +copy of</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer County Map of the United States, +free</span>! <i>This is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class +weekly agricultural paper in this country</i>.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Field_and_Furrow" id="Field_and_Furrow"></a><b>Field and Furrow.</b></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Says</span> the Iowa Register: One hundred bushels of corn will shrink +to ninety in the crib, and to an extent more than that, depending on the +openness of the crib and the honesty of the neighbors.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> agricultural editor of the New York Times says that no +doubt many farmers who are intending to underdrain their farms would +save money by employing an expert at the first to lay out the whole +system and make a good beginning, and so avoid any possible mistake, +which might cost ten dollars for every one paid for skilled advice.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> New York Times says that lime seems to be a preventive of +rot in potatoes in the cellar. Some potatoes that were rotting and were +picked out of a heap of forty or fifty bushels were put into a corner +and well dusted with air-slaked lime. They stopped rotting at once, and +the decayed parts are now dried up. There is no disagreeable smell about +them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Cincinnati Gazette</span>: It is remarked that when young hogs are fed +mainly on corn they stop growing at an early age and begin to grow fat; +but that green food makes them thriftier and larger than dry grain. In +fact, it is better to prevent all domestic animals from becoming very +fat until they have attained a fair natural size, particularly breeding +animals.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">A member</span> of the Elmira Farmers' Club recently expressed the +opinion that bad results would always be found with wheat sown on land +into which the green growth of any crop had just been turned, although +it was believed that buckwheat was the worst green manure. All green +growth incorporated with the soil near the time of seeding will in all +cases be found prejudicial to wheat.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">It</span> is announced that Robert Clarke, of Cincinnati will have +ready, in February, an extensive work on sorghum, containing the results +of the latest experiments and experience of the most successful growers, +as to the best varieties and their culture, and also the details of the +latest and best machinery used in the economical manufacture of sirups +and sugars therefrom. The work is by Prof. Peter Collier, whose name is +a guarantee of the value of the book. It will be very fully illustrated.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">A Michigan</span> man writes the Michigan Farmer: I have noticed +tarred twine and willows recommended for binding corn stalks. I think I +can propose a better substitute than either for those who are using a +twine binder: save the strings from straw stacks this winter. They are +less trouble than grass and never slip. Tie a knot in the end of the +twine with your knee on the bundle, then slip the other end through in +the form of a bow, take off your knee and the spring of the bundle will +draw the knot tight. Pull the bow and use again.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Human</span> labor," says Dr. Zellner, of Ashville, Ala., "is the +most costly factor that enters into the production of cotton, and every +consistent means should be adopted to dispense with it." And then the +doctor, who has the reputation of having raised some of the finest +samples ever grown in the South, describes how, by planting at proper +distances, in checks five by three apart, one-half of the after labor of +cultivating may be saved. About the same amount of plow work is said to +be necessary, but not more than one-fourth as much work with the hoe as +is required by cotton in drills.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Prof. J.W. Sanborn</span>: "Deep tillage in times of drought of +surface-rooted crops, like corn, is an erroneous practice, founded on +erroneous views. 'Plowing out corn' not only involves too deep tillage +in drought but adds to the mischief by severing the roots of corn, +needed at such times. Our double-shovel plows work too deeply. Our true +policy, in drought, for corn is frequent and shallow tillage. For this +we now have after the corn gets beyond the smoothing harrow, no suitable +implement on our markets, with a possible exception."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Correspondent</span> New York Tribune: Of the use of oatmeal for cows +mention is not often made in this country; but when spoken of it is +always with praise. That it is better than corn meal there can be no +doubt; it is richer in both albuminoids and fat; and the usefulness of +these two nutriments, and especially the former, for making milk is +shown not only by the results of numerous careful experiments, but by +the acknowledged usefulness of oil-cake meal. Where this meal is used +freely there would be less use for oatmeal; but under some circumstances +it might be advantageously substituted for the bran in the favorite +mixture for cows of Indian meal and bran.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> following paragraph appears in an English cotemporary: The +introduction of a new industry connected with farming into Ireland will +be hailed by everybody, and therefore we rejoice to learn that a company +has been formed with the design of purchasing or renting nearly a +million and a quarter acres of land in Ireland, and devoting them to +beet culture, from which the sugar will be extracted in a manufactory +erected on the land. The promoters of the new company expect that from +the 120,000 acres which they propose cultivating they will produce +400,000 tons of sugar in the year. Immense quantities of sugar extracted +from the beet-root are manufactured on the continent and imported into +these countries, and there is no reason whatever why Ireland should not +have her finger in the sugar pie.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">In</span> a paper before the Oxford (Ohio) Farmers' Club, on the +subject "The Morality of the System of Grain Gambling," Mr. Wetmore +said: There is a difference between speculation and investment. Putting +money into an established industry is an investment. Putting it into a +doubtful or untried business, with the hope of gaining much or risk of +losing all, is speculation. The latter is infatuating as it increases +the risk and yet turns to profit. Investments pay no high per cents. +Speculations may pay much or lose all. Hence it is unsafe; and the +farmer who makes his gains only by a yearly turn of his crops, should +not try speculation, but may judiciously invest his surplus year by year +in things of real value, as land or chattels. Invest the last dollar, +but speculate only with loose change. No man can safely invest in a +business with which he is not familiar.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">A lawful</span> wire fence in Georgia is described by legislative +enactment as composed of not less than six horizontal strands of barbed +wire tightly stretched from post to post. The first wire no more than +four and a half nor less than three and a half inches from the ground; +the second wire not more than nine and a half nor less than eight and a +half inches from the ground; the third wire not more than fifteen and a +half nor less than fourteen and a half inches from the ground; the +fourth wire not more than twenty-two and a half nor less than twenty-one +and a half inches from the ground; the fifth wire not more than +thirty-two nor less than thirty-one inches from the ground; the sixth +wire not over fifty-five nor less than fifty-three inches from the +ground. Posts to be not over ten feet apart, and every alternate post to +be securely set in the ground. Provided, a plank not less than ten +inches wide shall be used instead of two strands of wire at bottom of +fence, it is also required that a railing shall be placed at equal +distance between the two top wires, which shall answer the same purpose +as a wire, and to extend from post to post in like manner.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Correspondent</span> Country Gentleman: I notice that your journal +recently gave currency to the "saltpetre method" of extracting stumps, +and W.H. White also recommends it in your columns. His method is to bore +a hole in the stump in the fall of the year, fill in the hole with +saltpetre, plug up till the following summer, then fill the hole with +kerosene and fire the stump. It is alleged that the saltpetre and +kerosene will so saturate the stump that it will be entirely consumed, +roots and all. This recipe has been floating around the press for years. +It is usually credited to the Scientific American, but that paper has +several times denied its paternity. The uselessness of the process can +easily be learned by trial. There are few more inflammable substances +than pitch and turpentine. The roots of pine stumps are saturated with +these, but it is impossible to burn them out. The addition of saltpetre +would not help much. Yet there are seasons when the soil and air are so +dry that hard wood stumps may be burned out without either saltpetre or +kerosene. We had such a year in 1881, when corn and clover standing +uncut in the field were burned. In some instances the curbing was burned +out of wells during terrible forest fires that raged in Michigan. If +tried in such a season the recipe would undoubtedly be successful. In +any ordinary season it is "no good."</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">No</span> matter how wretched a man may be, he is still a member of +our common species, and if he possesses any of the common specie his +acquaintance is worth having.</p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h3>FARM MACHINERY, Etc.</h3> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="advert" style="width: 100%;"> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 20%;"> +<img src="images/illus-03a.png" width="131" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 75%;"> +<p class="center" style='font-size: large'><span style="text-decoration:underline">GREAT SAVING FOR FARMERS.</span></p><br /> +<p class="center" style='font-size: x-large'>THE Lightning Hay Knife!</p> +<p class="center">(<span class="smcap">Weymouth's Patent</span>.)</p> +<br /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 128px;"> +<img src="images/illus-03b.png" width="128" height="75" alt="" title="" /> +</div><p class="center"> +Awarded "FIRST ORDER OF Merit" at Melbourne Exhibition, 1880.<br /> +</p> +<p class="center">Was awarded the <b>first premium</b> at the International Exhibition in +Philadelphia, 1876, and accepted by the Judges as <b>Superior to Any Other +Knife in Use.</b></p> +<p class="center">It is the <b>BEST KNIFE</b> in the <i>world</i> to cut <i>fine feed</i> from bale, to +cut down <i>mow</i> or <i>stack</i>, to cut <i>corn-stalks</i> for feed, to cut <i>peat</i>, +or for ditching in marshes, and has no equal for cutting ensilage from +the silo. TRY IT.</p> +<p class="center"><b>IT WILL PAY YOU.</b></p> +<p class="center">Manufactured only by<br /> +<br /> +<b>HIRAM HOLT & CO., East Wilton, Me., U.S.A.</b></p> +<p class="center"><i>For sale by Hardware Merchants and the trade generally</i></p> +</div> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="advert"> +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'><b>SEDGWICK STEEL WIRE FENCE</b></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illus-03c.png" width="400" height="191" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + + +<p><b>It</b> is the only general-purpose Wire Fence in use, being a <b>strong net +work without barbs</b>. It will turn dogs, pigs, sheep and poultry, as well +as the most vicious stock, without injury to either fence or stock. It +is just the fence for farms, gardens stock ranges, and railroads, and +very neat for lawns, parks, school lots and cemeteries. Covered with +rustproof paint (or galvanized) it will last a life time. It is +<b>superior to boards</b> or <b>barbed wire</b> in every respect. We ask for it a +fair trial, knowing it will wear itself into favor. The <b>Sedgwick +Gates</b>, made of wrought iron pipe and steel wire, <b>defy all competition</b> +in neatness, strength, and durability. We also make the best and +cheapest <b>all iron automatic or self-opening gate</b>, also <b>cheapest and +neatest all iron fence</b>. <b>Best Wire Stretcher and Post Auger.</b> For +prices and particulars ask hardware dealers, or address, mentioning +paper, SEDGWICK BROS. Manf'rs. Richmond. Ind.</p> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div style="width: 100%;"> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 45%;"> +<img src="images/illus-03da.png" width="100" height="76" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 50%;"> +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large"><b>CHICAGO SCALE CO.</b></p> + +<p class="center">2 TON WAGON SCALE, $40. 3 TON, $50.</p> + +<p class="center"><b>4 Ton $60, Beam Box Included.</b></p> + +<p class="center">240 lb. FARMER'S SCALE, $5.</p> + +<p class="center">The "Little Detective," 1/4 oz. to 25 lb. $3.</p> + +<p class="center"><b>300 OTHER SIZES. Reduced PRICE LIST FREE.</b></p> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 45%;"> +<img src="images/illus-03db.png" width="100" height="140" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 50%;"> +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large">FORGES, TOOLS, &c.</p> + +<p class="center">BEST FORGE MADE FOR LIGHT WORK, $10,</p> + +<p class="center"><b>40 lb. Anvil and Kit of Tools. $10.</b></p> + +<p class="center">Farmers save time and money doing odd jobs.</p> + +<p class="center">Blowers, Anvils, Vices & Other Articles</p> + +<p class="center"><b>AT LOWEST PRICES, WHOLESALE & RETAIL.</b></p> +</div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 50%;"> +<img src="images/illus-03e.png" width="200" height="218" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center" style='font-size: large'><b>FIVE-TON</b></p> + +<p class="center" style='font-size: x-large'><b>WAGON SCALES $60</b></p> + +<p>All Iron and Steel, Double Brass Tare Beam. Jones <i>he</i> pays the freight. +All sizes equally low, for free book, address</p> + +<p class="center"><b>JONES OF BINGHAMTON,</b><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Binghamton, N.Y.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 45%;"> +<img src="images/illus-03f.png" width="163" height="200" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 50%;"> +<p style='font-size: x-large;'><b>THE PROFIT FARM BOILER</b></p> + +<p>is simple, perfect, and cheap; <b>the BEST FEED COOKER;</b> the only dumping +boiler; empties its kettle in a minute. <b>Over 5,000 in use;</b> Cook your +corn and potatoes, and save one-half the cost of pork Send for circular. +<b>D.R. SPERRY & CO., Batavia, Illinois.</b></p> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<h3>FARM IMPLEMENTS, Etc.</h3> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + + +<p class ='center' style='font-size: x-large'>THE CHICAGO<br /> +DOUBLE HAY AND STRAW PRESS</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illus-03g.png" width="400" height="236" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class='center'>Guaranteed to load more Hay or Straw in a box car than any other, and +bale at a less cost per ton. Send for circular and price list. +Manufactured by the Chicago Hay Press Co., Nos. 3354 to 3358 State St., +Chicago. Take cable car to factory. Mention this paper.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<p class="center" style='font-size: x-large'>Sawing Made Easy</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Monarch Lightning Sawing Machine!</b></p> + +<p class="center">Sent on 30 Days test Trial.</p> + +<p class="center">A Great Saving of Labor & Money.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 857px;"> +<img src="images/illus-03ga.png" width="400" height="209" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">A boy 16 years old can saw logs FAST and EASY. <span class="smcap">Miles Murray</span>, +Portage, Mich. writes, "Am much pleased with the <b>MONARCH LIGHTNING +SAWING MACHINE</b>. I sawed off a 30-inch log in 2 minutes." For sawing +logs into suitable lengths for family stove-wood, and all sorts of +log-cutting, it is peerless and unrivaled. Illustrated Catalogue, <b>Free. +AGENTS WANTED.</b> Mention this paper. Address <b>MONARCH MANUFACTURING CO.</b>, +163 N. Randolph St., Chicago, Ill.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<p class='center' style="font-size: x-large;">BEST <span class="u">MARKET</span> PEAR.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 25%;"> +<img src="images/illus-03h.png" width="100" height="129" alt="KIEFFER" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 70%;"> +<p class="center">99,999 PEACH TREES All <i>best varieties</i> of new and old Strawberries, +Currants, Grapes, Raspberries, etc.</p> + +<p class='center' style="font-size: x-large;">EARLY CLUSTER</p> + +<p class="center">New Blackberry, early, hardy, good. Single hill yielded <b>13</b> quarts at +one picking. Send for <b>free</b> Catalogue.</p> + +<p class="center">J.S. COLLINS, Moorestown, N.J.</p> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<p class='center' style="font-size: x-large;">CHAMPION BALING PRESSES.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 60%;"> +<img src="images/illus-03i.png" width="300" height="117" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 35%;"> +<p class='center'>A Ton per Hour. Run by two men and one team. Loads 10 to 15 tons in car.</p> + +<p class='center'>Send for descriptive circular with prices, to <b>Gehrt & Co.</b>, 216, 218 +and 220 Maine St., Quincy, Ill.</p> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: larger'><b>"THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST."</b></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'><b>ENGINES, SAW MILLS, THRESHERS, HORSE POWERS,</b></p> + +<p class='center'>(For all sections and purposes.) Write for <b>Free</b> Pamphlet and Prices to +The Aultman & Taylor Co., Mansfield, Ohio.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'>NOW READY FOR DISTRIBUTION.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'><b>Volumes One and Two</b></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">of the</span></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'>NATIONAL REGISTER NORMAN HORSES</p> + +<p>The most reliable, concise, and exhaustive history of the horse in +general, and by far the most complete and authentic one of the Norman +horse in particular, ever published in the United States.</p> + +<p class='center'>PRICES:</p> + +<p class='center'>Volume I.........................................$ 2.00</p> + +<p class='center'>Volume II........................................ 1.50</p> + +<p>When the two volumes are sent in one package to one address, $3.00. +Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price.</p> + +<p>Address your orders to</p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'>THE MODERN HORSE DOCTOR.</p> + +<p>CONTAINING Practical Observations on the Causes Nature and Treatment of +Diseases and Lameness in Horses, by <span class="smcap">Geo. H. Dadd, M.D.</span> Will be +sent upon receipt of price, $1.50; or free to any sender of three +subscribers to this paper, at $2 each, by</p> + +<p class='center'>PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago.</p> + + + +<hr style="width:45%;" /> +<h3>MISCELLANEOUS.</h3> +<hr style="width:45%;" /> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'>DIAMONDS FREE!</p> + +<p>We desire to make the circulation of our paper 250,000 during the next +six months. To accomplish which we will give absolutely free a genuine +<b>first water</b> Diamond Ring, and the Home Companion for one year, for +only <b>$2.00</b>. Our reasons for making this unprecedented offer are as +follows;</p> + +<p>A newspaper with 200,000 subscribers can get 1c. per line per 1,000 of +circulation for its advertising space, or $5,000 per issue <b>more</b> than +it costs to produce and mail the paper. With but 10,000 or 20,000 +subscribers, its advertising revenues do not pay expenses. Only the +papers with mammoth circulations make fortunes for their owners, +<b>derived from advertising space</b>. For these and other reasons, we regard +100,000 subscribers as being of more financial benefit to a paper than +the paper is to the subscribers. With 100,000 or 200,000 bona-fide +subscribers, we make $100,000 to $200,000 a year clear profit from +advertising, above cost of publishing. Without a large circulation, we +would lose money. Therefore, to secure a very large circulation, and +thus receive high rates and large profits from advertising space, this +<b>only equitable</b> plan of conducting business is adopted.</p> + +<p><b>The first question to be answered is,</b>—is the diamond pure—a genuine +stone?</p> + +<p><b>Our answer is YES.</b></p> + +<div style='border-style: dotted; border-width: 0.5px;'> +<p>The stone is GUARANTEED to be no Alaska Diamond, Rhine Pebble, or other +imitation, but a</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>WARRANTED GENUINE AND PURE DIAMOND.</b></p> + +<p>If it is not found so by the most careful and searching tests, we will +refund the money, enter the subscriber's name on our list, and have the +paper mailed to him free during its existence. To the publisher of this +paper has been sent a guarantee from the manufacturing Jeweler, from +whom we obtain these rings, that they are just as represented, so that +readers may rely upon the promises being fulfilled to the letter.</p> +</div> + + +<p>The second question is, <b>IS THE PAPER A DESIRABLE FAMILY JOURNAL? YES.</b> +It contains contributions from the first writers of the times: fiction, +choice facts, intellectual food of the most interesting, instructive and +refined character. It is one of the</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>LEADING PAPERS OF THE PROGRESSIVE WEST.</b></p> + +<p>We are determined to make it the most desirable and reliable paper in +the United States; will spare no effort or money to achieve that object. +Sample Copies sent free on application. Remit by draft, express, or new +postal note, to</p> + +<p style='font-size: large;'><b>THE HOME COMPANION.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">N.W. Cor. Fourth and Race Streets, Cincinnati, O.</span></b></p> + +<p>Don't fail to name the paper in which you see this advertisement.</p> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 4]<a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a></span></p> +<p>REMEMBER <i>that</i> $2.00 <i>pays for</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> <i>from this +date to January</i> 1, 1884; $2.00 <i>pays for it from this date to January</i> +1, 1885. <i>For</i> $2.00 <i>you get it for one year and a copy of</i> <span class="smcap">The +Prairie Farmer County Map of the United States, free</span>! <i>This is the +most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural +paper in this country</i>.</p> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-04a.png" width="500" height="270" alt="LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT. Stockmen. Write for Your Paper." title="" /> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Mr_Grinnells_Letter" id="Mr_Grinnells_Letter"></a>Mr. Grinnell's Letter.</h2> + + +<p>Last week we briefly noted the fact that Hon. J.B. Grinnell, of Iowa, +Secretary of the Committee of the National Cattle-Growers' Convention, +appointed to secure legislation for the protection of live stock from +contagious diseases, had issued a circular letter to the public. In this +letter he discusses with his usual intelligence and ability the +important question in hand. As it will form the basis of Congressional +discussion and prove an important factor in shaping legislation, we give +the letter space in our columns. Mr. Grinnell says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>To find a legitimate market for our surplus products is a +question of grave concern. After meeting home demands the +magnitude of foreign consumption determines in a large degree +the net profits of production. It thus becomes the especial +concern of the American agriculturist and statesman to find +the best market for meat products. The profits in +grain-raising for exportation, which impoverishes the soil, +are exceptional, while our animal industries enrich it, +augmenting the rural population in the line of true economy, +the promotion of good morals, and the independence and +elevation of the citizen. Under the laws of domestic animal +life gross farm products and rich, indigenous grasses are +condensed into values adapted to transportation across oceans +and to various climes with little waste or deterioration; +thus the brute a servant, becomes an auxiliary to the cunning +hand of his master, blending the factors which determine our +facilities for acquisition in rural life, and attractions +which stimulate enterprise, adventure, individual +independence, and contribute to National wealth.</p> + +<h4>THE MEAT PRODUCTS.</h4> + +<p>No nation has so large a relative portion of its wealth in +domestic animals, and none can show such strides in material +advancement during the present century. But what is our +foreign trade? The exports of provisions from the United +States during the last fiscal year were in value about +$107,000,000. Those in 1882 amounted to $120,000,000, equal +to a falling off in a single year of $13,000,000. Our exports +of manufactured articles for the last year aggregate +$211,000,000, against $103,000,000, a gain of $108,000,000 in +a single year. It was a reasonable expectation that our +animal exports would have increased in like ratio as the +manufactures, which would have enhanced the value of all +domestic animals and furnished, instead of a mortifying fact, +a proud exhibit.</p> + +<p>The causes of a decline are not found in high prices at home +nor in inferior product; rather in suspicions of diseases, +and the clamor of interested parties which led to arbitrary +restrictions, oppressive quarantine regulations, and +forbidding beeves which were ripened for the highest markets +to pass beyond the shambles; and the egress of young immature +cattle on the English pastures. Pork products up to the +Chicago meeting were prohibited by France, and they are +inhibited now from Germany, our long-time valuable customer. +It was their whims, caprices, jealousies, commercial +restrictions and bans which decreased our exports and led the +Commissioner of Agriculture to call the Chicago meeting of +November.</p> + +<p>The convention developed facts and was fruitful in results: +That there were solitary cases of pleuro-pneumonia, and +limited to the eastern border States; that Western herdsmen +had just cause of alarm on account of the shipment of young +stock West from the narrow pastures and dairy districts of +the East. It was shown that across the ocean there was a +morbid appetite for suspicions and facts which would justify +severe restrictions and an absolute inhibition of our +products.</p> + +<p>The Cattle Commission formed by the Treasury Department gave +decided opinions and imparted valuable information, but they +were constrained to admit that they were powerless in an +emergency to stop the spread of contagious diseases, and that +it was a vain hope that there would be an increased foreign +demand for our cattle and meat without radical Congressional +enactment.</p> + +<p>Skilled veterinarians, fancy breeders, political economists, +and savants from the East met the alarmed ranchmen, +enterprising breeders, and delegations and officials from +many agricultural and State associations, representing +millions of cattle and hundreds of millions of dollars, +resolved that a meeting should be held at Washington, and a +committee was appointed to secure appropriate legislation.</p> + +<p>In the discharge of duties assigned to the Secretary I at +once repaired to Washington for consultation and to gather +pertinent facts. The heads of the State Treasury and +Agricultural Departments were awake to the necessity of early +and radical legislation. President Arthur evinced great +cordiality, and gave good proof of his interest by calling +attention in the annual message to the approaching meeting in +Washington, which I have called the 10th of January.</p> + +<h4>FACTS.</h4> + +<p>I have sent out in a circular to the committee the following +"head-land" facts of startling import, which should be well +considered:</p> + +<p>1. That there is an investment of $1,008,000,000 in cattle as +estimated by the Department of Agriculture, representing +41,171,000 animals. That of swine is $291,000,000, +representing over 43,000,000 animals.</p> + +<p>2. That losses annually on exportation of cattle and beef, +consequent upon restrictive regulations and the decreased +relative consumption of our beef, aggregates many millions of +dollars. We reach an approximate estimate by these facts +relative to our foreign trade as follows:</p> + +<p>The exports of 1880-81 were 368,463 animals. Those of 1882-83 +were 212,554—a loss of 155,009 animals, and in value a loss +of $11,506,000 in two years.</p> + +<p>The exports of fresh beef for two years were less by +40,071,167 pounds, and by a value of $2,191,190. The value of +pork products decreased in the same time to the extent of +$35,679,093.</p> + +<p>This shows a falling off of about $25,000,000 per annum for +two years, as compared with the receipts for the two +preceding years.</p> + +<h4>CONTAGION TO BE AVERTED.</h4> + +<p>It should be known that the pleuro-pneumonia often mentioned +as a scare or a myth by the thoughtless and optimist is a +stern reality. Its journeys and track of destruction among +cattle have been as marked as that of small pox and +cholera—contagious diseases which have so tearfully +decimated the human family. Lung diseases of the modern type +were known before the Christian era, and were considered by +Columella and other Latin writers. Australia resigned her +great herds to flocks of sheep, as did South Africa, never +yet recovered from the blow to her cattle industries.</p> + +<p>England has been tardy in the publication of her losses by +lung-fever, yet it is a fact which forbids secrecy that +calamity has reached the enterprising breeders, and colossal +fortunes have been swept away by the cattle-plague. In our +own country it has been no more the policy of secretive +owners to publish facts than that of city authorities to +proclaim the prevalence of small-pox in the town. Still, +startling facts have sprung from original sources of inquiry. +A town meeting is called in the State of Connecticut, +terror-stricken owners in New Jersey, Maryland, and +Pennsylvania meet for council. Massachusetts had a Governor +twenty years ago bold in telling truth, which led to +searching investigations by experts and officers of the +State. With autocratic power they made a diagnosis of +diseases, which led to the stamping out of the infection by +law, and a truthful proclamation that the plague was stayed.</p> + +<p>The sacrifice of 1,000 brutes at a cost to the Commonwealth +of about $70,000 was a trivial sum compared to the perils +that beset a State valuation of $7,000,000, for bovines, and +the cattle of the Nation, numbering 40,000,000, and worth +nearly $1,100,000,000.</p> + +<p>The monarchies of the Old World have set us an example; even +Denmark, Norway, and Sweden have pioneered for the world by +sagacious acts and the stern enforcement of law in +prevention.</p> + +<h4>AN AMERICAN POLICY</h4> + +<p>worthy of us is not secrecy, but boldness—sacrifice +commensurate with exposure. This will lead to the formulation +of a bill by the Washington Convention, which Congress will +enact in the interest of individuals, the State, and for the +National protection. If State-Rights theorists bring +objections, the law may be so equitable to the States that +its ratification may be asked on the ground of a just +National policy and a right which inheres to the General +Government under the Constitution in the regulation of +commerce between the States. This implies a power to destroy +a contagious disease which if allowed to spread would arrest +all commerce in bovines between the States. A State may and +ought to waive the question of damage if it is fixed by a +neutral Commissioner, and the General Government and not the +State meets the losses to which unfortunate cattle owners +maybe subject. This will be the touchstone—trust by the +State and statesmanlike generosity by the Nation—that means +courage for the now fearful ranchman of the unfenced domain, +and the furnishing of a "clean bill of health" for our +products seeking a foreign market. Having evinced zeal in +doing justice, it can ask for justice—that the rights of our +meat-producers be respected under our</p> + +<h4>COMMERCIAL TREATIES.</h4> + +<p>Commerce means a mutual exchange, and having performed our +home duty will be in no mood to tolerate a whim or a caprice. +Non-intercourse has been proposed in Congress. That may be a +final resort when a conference, practical discussion, and +even arbitration have failed. A graver subject measured by +dollars may yet engage the statesman diplomat than the Geneva +arbitration, and we shall have no fair status in discussion +or arbitration until our meat and cattle are made healthy by +prevention and the best sanitary laws known to civilized +countries.</p> + +<h4>THE TIME IS AUSPICIOUS.</h4> + +<p>Cattle-raising as an attractive and profitable vocation is +now exciting a deep interest. A lull in politics forbids the +wants of our agriculturists, numbering 60 per cent of the +population, being waived out of notice and their voiced +demands drowned by partisan clamor. The treasury has hundreds +of millions in its vaults and a fraction of 1 per cent of our +surplus will only be required, under a just disbursement, to +isolate and destroy the diseases which fetter our commerce +and repress home enterprise.</p> + +<p>A full and able convention at Washington is assured by the +responsive letters received. The State of Iowa will make her +requests to Congress by fine-stock meeting and other +associations, as becomes the State with $100,000,000 invested +in domestic animals.</p> + +<p>Who can be indifferent in the face of our great perils, and +recounting the losses by foreign restrictions and inhibition? +We are emphatically a Nation of beef-eaters, and by the +extent of our domain and healthful climate are justly +entitled to the honored designation of the first producer +among civilized nations.</p> + +<p>It is the question of healthful food for the masses, of +profitable tonnage for the railways, and of deep concern in +cultivating fraternal relations abroad, not less than a +question for the political economist in maintaining a good +trade balance-sheet. If we can impress our Congressional +delegations with the necessity of early and decisive +legislation, we shall have accomplished a noble work and have +earned the warm commendation of millions of citizens whose +interests have been neglected and whose vocation and property +have been imperiled.</p> + +<p>For the committee by request of the Chicago Convention.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">J.B. Grinnell.</span></p></div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p>During the first eleven months of 1883, no less than 411,992 animals in +Great Britain were attacked by by foot-and-mouth disease. December +opened with a greater number of ailing animals than did November.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p>An Iowa farmer is experimenting with steamed clover hay for feeding +hogs.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><b><a name="Prices_of_1883" id="Prices_of_1883"></a>Prices of 1883.</b></h2> + +<p>The average price of Short-horns at the public sales in this country in +1883, as reported by the auctioneers, was $205.56. The Breeder's Gazette +figures up the number of cattle of the different breeds disposed of at +public sales as follows:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='center'>Breeds.</td><td align='center'>Number.</td><td align='center'>Totals.</td><td align='center'>Average.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Short-horns</td><td align='right'>3,284</td><td align='right'>$ 675,057</td><td align='right'>$205.56</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Herefords</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>53,330</td><td align='right'>476.61</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Aberdeen-Angus</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>154,885</td><td align='right'>516.28</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Galloways</td><td align='right'>263</td><td align='right'>111,200</td><td align='right'>422.81</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Angus and Galloways</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>16,865</td><td align='right'>383.13</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Holsteins</td><td align='right'>239</td><td align='right'>89,290</td><td align='right'>373.60</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Jerseys</td><td align='right'>1,688</td><td align='right'>690,405</td><td align='right'>409.01</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Guernseys</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>12,090</td><td align='right'>232.50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Red Polled</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>4,435</td><td align='right'>295.70</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>Totals</td><td align='right' class='bt'>5,997</td><td align='right' class='bt'>$1,807,557</td><td align='right' class='bt'>$301.41</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>Of the above Short-horns, 1,609 were sold in Illinois, 541 in Kentucky, +and 1,134 in other States. In Illinois the average price received was +$222.23; in Kentucky, $271.01, and in other States, $149.73. Of the beef +breeds there were sold $4,018, the total receipts were $1,015,772, +making the general average $253.80. Of the dairy breeds 1,979 were sold +at an average of $400.10.</p> + +<p>It will be seen that the average for Short-horns is less than that for +either of the other breeds though, of course, the number sold is greatly +in excess of the others. In 1882 the average for Short-horns was but +$192.10, and in 1881 but $158, so that on the whole the breeders are +perfectly satisfied with the way the business is running.</p> + +<p>The dairy breeds did remarkably well in 1883, the Holsteins coming up +well to the Jerseys, but the latter leads greatly in point of numbers.</p> + +<p>The pure bred cattle business of the country as indicated by these sales +is exceedingly prosperous.</p> + +<p>In Great Britain the Short-horn sales were less numerous than last year, +or, in fact, any year since 1869, but the average was better than since +1879. In 1880 the average for 1,738 head was $225, while in 1881 and +1882 the average further declined to $175. In 1883 the average was close +upon $230, but, upon the other hand, the number of animals sold fell to +1,400. The highest price paid was 1,505 guineas, for a four-year-old cow +of the fashionable Duchess blood, which was purchased by the earl of +Bective at the sale of Mr. Holford's herd in Dorsetshire. The +Australians purchased largely at the Duke of Devonshire's annual sale in +1878, and this year American and Canadian buyers bid briskly for animals +of the Oxford blood. These were the only two sales at which the average +reached three figures, the next best being that of a selection from Mr. +Green's herd in Essex, when forty-one lots averaged $360 each, or less +than half secured by the Duke of Devonshire's Short-horns.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="Docking_Horses" id="Docking_Horses"></a>Docking Horses.</h2> + +<p>An English veterinary society has lately been discussing the question of +docking the tails of horses. The President looked upon docking as an act +of cruelty. By docking, the number of accidents from the horse holding +the rein under the tail was greatly increased, for the horse has less +power of free motion over the tail. If a short dock is put over the +rein, the animal has so little control of the tail that he can not +readily liberate the rein. The "stump" is sensitive, the same as the +remaining part of an amputated finger. In the majority of cases he +considered docking entirely unnecessary.</p> + +<p>On the contrary, Doctor Axe (rather a suggestive name for an advocate of +docking) thought the practice improved the looks of a horse, thus +rendering it more salable. His sentimentality did not allow him to argue +this question of increased value. He did not think docking increased +accidents. Statistics, not assertions, were needed to establish facts of +this kind. As to the remark of the President, that the shortened tail +could not be so easily freed from the rein, he said it would depend on +who was driving; an expert would more quickly disengage the rein from a +docked tail. It may be true, he said, that there was more flexibility in +an uncut tail because its more flexible portion had not been removed; +but the docked tail had not the same power of covering and fixing down +the rein that the long tail possessed. The long retention of a certain +degree of sensibility after amputation was a known fact, but neither +this, nor the operation itself, involved much pain. He detailed the +structures divided, and said that they possessed a low degree of +sensation. He would be glad to see horses have the free use of all their +members, if practicable, and would leave them their tails if the removal +of them could not increase the animal's comfort, value, or power of +being safely used, but he would not do anything to lessen the value of +horses without good reason.</p> + +<p>It seems that prosecutions for docking, under<br /> +the cruelty to[***]<br /> +common in England [***]<br /> +convictions are not [***]<br /> +in the discussion [***]<br /> +vigorous prosecutions are [***]</p> +<p>We notice that with [***]<br /> +and docking are on the increase [***]<br /> +of this country. Fortunately [***]<br /> +beasts, public sentiment in this [***]<br /> +against the barbarous act; still [***]<br /> +is it that fashion has not yet so [***]<br /> +the taste of the majority of people [***]<br /> +convince them that docking adds to [***]<br /> +beauty of the noble animal. But the rage is now to imitate the English +in nearly all manners and customs, and it may not be long before the +miserable fashion will gain new headway with us.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p><a name="livestock_items" id="livestock_items"></a></p> + +<p><span class='smcap'>Too much</span> care can hardly be taken in packing pork so as to have it keep +through the season. The chief requisites are pure salt and freeing the +meat from every taint of blood. The pieces of pork should be packed as +closely as possible. After a few weeks if any scum rises on the surface +of the brine it should be cleaned out and the brine boiled so that all +impurities may be removed. If pork is to be kept all summer twice +boiling the brine may be necessary. For some reason a barrel that has +once held beef will never do for a pork barrel, though the rule may be +reversed with impunity.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p><span class='smcap'>One</span> of the firm of Galbraith Brothers Janesville, Wis., is now in +Scotland to make selection for an early spring importation of +Clydesdales. While making mention of this we may say that Messrs. +Galbraith though disposing of twenty-one head of Clydesdales at the late +sale in Chicago, have yet on hand an ample supply of superior horses of +all ages from sucklings upward. They will be pleased to receive a visit +from intending purchasers of this class of stock, and from all +interested in the breed.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p><span class='smcap'>The</span> first lot of Dr. W.A. Pratt's Holsteins, from quarantine, recently +arrived at Elgin. The Doctor informs us that the animals are in prime +condition and choice in every respect. He says he is preparing to open a +ranch near Manhattan, Kansas, for the breeding of high grade Holsteins +and Short-horns. He will also keep on this ranch a choice herd of +pure-bred Holsteins for supplying the growing Western demand for this +very popular dairy stock.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h3>PUBLICATIONS.</h3> +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p style='font-size: large;'><i>The Free Seed Distribution alone of the Rural New Yorker is worth at +catalogue prices more than $3.00. This journal and the Rural, including +its Seed Distribution, will be sent for $3.00. For free specimen copies, +apply to 34 Park Row, New York. The Rural New-Yorker is the Leading +National Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture.</i></p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p style='font-size: large;'><i>The Rural New-Yorker has over 600 contributors, among them the most +distinguished writers of America and England. It is the complete Journal +for the country home and for many city homes as well. Free specimen +copies 34 Park Row, N.Y.</i></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>The Rural New-Yorker</b></p> + +<p>The great national farm and garden journal of America, with its +Celebrated Free Seed Distribution, and</p> + +<p class ='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>The Prairie Farmer</b></p> + +<p>one year, post-paid, all for only $3.00. It is a rare chance. Specimen +copies cheerfully sent gratis. Compare them with other rural weeklies, +and then subscribe for the best. Apply to</p> + +<p><b><span style="margin-left: 2em;">34 Park Row, New York.</span></b></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 5]<a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a></span></p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-05a.png" width="500" height="84" alt="The Dairy." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Dairymen, Write for Your Paper.</span> +</div> + +<h2><a name="Lessons_in_Finance_for_the_Creamery_Patron" id="Lessons_in_Finance_for_the_Creamery_Patron"></a>Lessons in Finance for the Creamery Patron.<a name="FNanchor_A_2" id="FNanchor_A_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_2" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></h2> + +<p>Any business to be permanent must make reasonable returns for the +capital employed and give fair compensation for the labor bestowed upon +it, otherwise it will be abandoned, or if continued at all it will be +done under the protest of economic law. In addition to the ordinary +circumstances attaching to business enterprise, the creamery business is +essentially and peculiarly co-operative. It thrives with the thrift of +all concerned—owner and patrons. It fails only with loss to all. The +conditions of success, therefore, to the patrons are included in the +conditions of success to the creamery, and vice versa.</p> + +<p>The object of this paper is to suggest some of these conditions and some +of the instances of violation of them.</p> + +<p>It is hardly necessary to discuss the case in which peculiarity of soil +or climate, the greater profitableness of some other kind of industry, +or other reason, would so restrict the size and number of dairy herds as +to make the locality a barren dairy region. Notwithstanding the splendid +achievements of the dairy industry it is safe to say that it may not be +profitable in any and every locality. Given the soil, the climate, the +water, the people intelligent and disposed toward the exacting duties of +this business, there are still many questions to be considered and many +mistakes to be avoided.</p> + +<p>It has been a pet idea in this country that competition is the +corrective of all industrial evils. Competition without doubt holds an +important place among the industrial forces, but may be carried so far +as to defeat the very objects it is adapted to subserve, when +intelligently encouraged. Carried to the extent of employing two persons +or more to do the work of one, of absorbing capital without the full +employment of it, it becomes destructive and expensive. We find, for +instance, in many towns, a large number of commercial establishments +doing business at an immense profit on single transactions, but the +transactions are so few and so divided up among struggling competitors, +that neither secures a profitable, nor even a respectable, business. +With choice cuts of meat from twelve to eighteen cents a pound and +butcher's stock at three and four cents, we often see butcher shops +multiply, but the price of meat usually remains the same. Indeed, the +very increase of middle man establishments beyond the employment of +these to their full capacity, and the consequent full utilization of the +capital and labor employed, is a sure loss to somebody, and if it does +not all go to the producer it is almost always shared by him.</p> + +<p>One of the greatest burdens which the creamery business has to carry +to-day is the excessive number of its creameries beyond legitimate +demands. The co-operative idea, so far as it enters into this business, +implies the most profitable use possible of the resources employed in it +both of patron and creamery owner, and a fair and equitable distribution +of the profits. Said a large creamery owner to me recently, "I find +the comparative value of my butter steadily decreasing from year to +year. I have the same territory, the same butter-makers, the same +patrons, substantially, but my butter is not up in quality and price as +it used to be. I ascribe it to the excessive competition prevailing in +it, i.e., it is one of its results. I have lost my influence over +patrons in securing the best quality of cream. If I make any criticism +of their modes or practices they say to me, 'Mr. ——, if you do not +want my cream I will let the other creamery have it. Do just as you like +about it; take it or leave it.'" But the loss of one or two cents a +pound on the net proceeds of a season means five or ten per cent of its +value, or of the entire season's results enough difference to make any +community in a few years rich or poor, thrifty or unthrifty, according +to the circumstances in the case.</p> + +<p>Further: the idea of co-operation implies the doing of equal and exact +justice to all included within the co-operative limits. This, an +excessive and unprincipled competition greatly interferes with. It can +properly be demanded by every fair and honest patron of a creamery that +every other patron should be as fair and honest as himself. Indeed, this +is an essential part of the implied contract. But in the case of +excessive competition no restraints can be imposed and no penalties can +be made to follow attempts to violate the principles of equity, except +the possible inconvenience of changing from one creamery to another. The +straight and honorable patron is powerless; the owner of the creamery is +powerless; and the co-operative element is rendered a nullity.</p> + +<p>Further: the co-operative element, in the relations of creamery and +patrons, requires that the price of milk or cream shall vary with the +market price of the finished product. Contracts for the future are mere +speculation, as a rule. If the transaction is large and the turn of the +market unfavorable to the creamery, ruin is liable to come to the +business, and loss and disaster follow to all concerned. If the turn of +the market should be the other way, among the numerous patrons there is +sure to be more or less dissatisfaction and a more or less breaking up +of the condition of friendly reciprocity which should exist between +creamery and patron. Patrons may damage their own interest by exacting +too much from the creamery as well as by accepting too little, and a +greedy grasping after an unreasonable share of the profit on the part of +the creamery owner is sure to bring retaliation, disturb cordiality of +feeling, and bring loss to all concerned.</p> + +<p>The remedy for most of these evils can only come from intelligent and +wise action on the part of the creamery patrons of a given locality. +They should study to prevent an unseemly and expensive competition. +They, as the encouraging source, will surely in the end pay the expense +of it. It has been said that no people in the world enjoy paying taxes +like Americans, provided they are only indirect, sugar coated, and with +some plausible pretense. It would seem, however, that even American +dairymen could see that the maintenance of superfluous creameries, +superfluous teams for hauling cream and milk, superfluous men for +manufacturing and handling the product is an extra expense of which they +will surely bear their full share; if not at once, they will do so +before the outcome is reached.</p> + +<p>Another thing the patrons of creameries may properly take note of is +that the expense of manufacturing butter in all well regulated +creameries is nearly the same, and the value of the product does not +widely differ. When a creamery therefore claims large and peculiar +advantages, and offers a price for milk or cream markedly above the +ordinary price paid for it by other creameries, you may be sure there is +something illegitimate about it. It may be done to drum up business, to +beat a rival, or it may be a downright swindle, it surely will not be +lasting, and the operator intends at some time to recoup for himself.</p> + +<p>It is to be remembered that the dairy business is not one which can be +taken up and laid down hastily without greater or less inconvenience, +expense, and loss. Like most other branches of agriculture, it must be +engaged in with the purpose of a steady, long, strong pull in order to +be a success. It has the advantage of springing directly from the earth +without fictitious help, props, or governmental protection, so-called. +It taxes no other industry for its own benefit, and has expanded to its +present magnificent proportions in spite of the burdens laid upon it +from outside sources.</p> + +<p>But it is written "And Satan came also." Nothing could more aptly +describe the full influence of adulteration which has come upon this +industry. It has come clothed in deceit and fraud, the very habiliments +of the devil. It can be exterminated no more than sin itself. It must be +fought by exposing its nature; by stamping upon it its own features. +Wise legislation, I believe, will be in the direction of Government +inspection and the sure and prompt punishment of fraud. The interest of +the creamery patron is more deeply involved in this matter than that of +any other class, just as in other branches of production the perils and +losses by fraud, deterioration, and adulteration ultimately fall back +upon the producer of the raw product. The apathy now existing among the +producers of milk and cream is ominous of evil, and discouraging to +those who are working in the interest of unadulterated goods. We have no +doubt that the time will come when not only the adulteration of butter, +but the adulteration of other food products as well, will only be +carried on under the stamp and inspection of Government supervision.</p> + +<p>The thoughts I have presented are intended to be suggestive rather than +dogmatic, and I leave the subject with the hope that the intelligence of +the average dairyman may be as active in tracing and comprehending the +subtler principles of trade and commerce relating to the products of his +labor as he is in comprehending the more immediate facts of his calling, +such as breeding, seeding, and the handling of the raw products of his +herd.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_2" id="Footnote_A_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_2"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Paper read before the Illinois Dairymen's Convention by +C.C. Buell, of Rock Falls.</p></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-05b.png" width="500" height="112" alt="VETERINARY." title="" /> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="Fever" id="Fever"></a>Fever.</h2> + +<p>Many kinds of horse fevers have been described by antiquated veterinary +writers; but most exist only in the imagination of the writers, or have +been manufactured out of the mistaken analysis of human fevers. All the +real fevers of the horse may be comprised in two,—the idiopathic, pure +or simple fever, constituting of itself an entire disease, and the +symptomatic fever, occasioned by inflammatory action in some particular +part of the body, and constituting rather the attendant of a disease +than the disease itself.</p> + +<p>Though idiopathic fever is comparatively infrequent in occurrence, it +unquestionably meets the attention of most persons who have extensive +stable management of horses, and its general tendency to degenerate into +local inflammation and symptomatic fever, seems to arise far less from +its own nature than from foul air, vicissitudes of temperature, and +general bad management. If idiopathic fever is not easily reduced, the +blood accumulates in the lungs, the viscera, or some other internal part +of the body, and provokes inflammation; or, if a horse, while suffering +under this fever, be kept in a foul or ill-ventilated stable, or be +exposed to alternations of heat and cold, he speedily becomes locally +inflamed from the action of the filth or exposure. The symptoms of +idiopathic fever are shivering, loss of appetite, dejected appearance, +quick pulse, hot mouth, and some degree of debility; generally, also, +costiveness and scantiness of urine; sometimes, likewise, quickness of +breathing, and such pains of the bowels as accompany colic. Idiopathic +fever, if it does not pass into inflammation, never kills, but is +generally always curable.</p> + +<p>Cattle are subject to both idiopathic and symptomatic fever, very nearly +in the same manner as the horse, and require, when suffering them, to be +very similarly treated. The idiopathic fever of cattle has, in many +instances, an intermitting character, which may easily be subdued by +means of ordinary care; and, in other instances, has a steady and +unintermitting character, and is exceedingly liable to resolve itself +into pleurisy, enteritis, or some other inflammatory disease. The +symptomatic fever of cattle is strictly parallel to the symptomatic +fever of horses, and is determined by the particular seat and nature of +the exciting inflammation. But besides these fevers, cattle are subject +to two very destructive and quite distinct kinds of fever, both of an +epizootic nature, the one of a virulent and the other of a chronic +character,—the former inflammatory and the latter typhoid. Numerous +modifications of these fevers, or particular phases of them, are more or +less extensively known among our readers as black-leg, bloody murrain, +etc. The fever which in many instances follows parturition, particularly +in the cow, is familiarly known as calving fever, or milk fever; and the +ordinary fevers of sheep, swine, dogs, upon the whole, follow the same +general law as the ordinary fevers of the horse, and are classifiable +into idiopathic and symptomatic.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h3>MISCELLANEOUS.</h3> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 30%;"> +<img src="images/illus-04b.png" width="150" height="72" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 65%;"> +<p>YOUR NAME printed on 50 Cards ALL NEW designs of <i>Gold Floral. +Remembrances, Sentiment, Hand Floral</i>, etc., with <i>Love, Friendship</i>, +and <i>Holiday Mottoes</i>, 10c. 7 pks. and this elegant Ring, 50c., 15 pks. +& Ring, $1.</p> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 30%;"> +<img src="images/illus-05d.png" width="130" height="87" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 65%;"> +<p>12 NEW "CONCEALED NAME" Cards (name concealed with hand holding flowers +with mottoes) 20c. 7 pks. and this Ring for $1. Agents' sample book and +full outfit, 25c. Over 200 new Cards added this season. Blank Cards at +wholesale prices.</p> +<p>NORTHFORD CARD CO. Northford, Conn.</p> +</div> + + + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 25%;"> +<img src="images/illus-05e.png" width="100" height="120" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 70%;"> +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'>Print Your Own Cards</p> + +<p>Labels, Envelopes, etc. with our <b>$3 Printing Press.</b> Larger sizes for +circulars, etc., $8 to $75. For pleasure, money making, young or old. +Everything easy, printed instructions. Send 2 stamps for Catalogue of +Presses, Type, Cards, etc., to the factory.</p> + +<p><b>KELSEY & CO., Meriden, Conn.</b></p> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 40%;"> +<img src="images/illus-05f.png" width="150" height="139" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 55%;"> +<p>We will send you a watch or a chain <b>BY MAIL OR EXPRESS</b>, C.O.D., to be +examined before paying any money and if not satisfactory, returned at +our expense. We manufacture all our watches and save you 30 per cent. +Catalogue of 250 styles free. <span class="smcap">Every Watch Warranted. Address</span></p> +<p class='center'><b>STANDARD AMERICAN WATCH CO.,</b><br />PITTSBURGH. PA.</p> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span style="font-size: x-large;">AGENTS WANTED</span> EVERYWHERE to sell the best <b>Family Knitting Machine</b> ever +invented. Will knit a pair of stockings with <b>HEEL</b> and <b>TOE complete</b>, +in 20 minutes. It will also knit a great variety of fancy-work for which +there is always a ready market. Send for circular and terms to the +<b>Twombly Knitting Machine Co.</b>, 163 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style="font-size: x-large;">500 VIRGINIA FARMS & MILLS</p> + +<p class='center' ><b>For Sale and Exchange.</b> Write for free REAL ESTATE +JOURNAL.</p> + +<p class='center' >R.B. CHAFFIN & CO., Richmond, Virginia.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center'><span style="font-size: x-large;">THE BIGGEST THING OUT</span></p> +<p class='center'><span class="smcap" style="font-size: x-large;">Illustrated Book</span></p> + +<p class='center'><b>Sent Free.</b></p> + +<p class='center'>(<b>new</b>) E. NASON, & CO., 120 Fulton St., New York.</p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<h2>A MYSTERY OF THE SEA.</h2> + +<p class='center'><b>The Fate Which Overtook the "City of Boston."—Captain Murray's Ideas +and Experiences.</b></p> + + +<p>A few years ago, the City of Boston sailed from harbor, crowded with an +expectant throng of passengers bound for a foreign shore.</p> + +<p>She never entered port.</p> + +<p>The mystery of her untimely end grows deeper as the years increase, and +the Atlantic voyager, when the fierce winds howl around and danger is +imminent on every hand, shudders as the name and mysterious fate of that +magnificent vessel are alluded to.</p> + +<p>Our reporter, on a recent visit to New York, took lunch with Captain +George Siddons Murray, on board the Alaska, of the Guion line. Captain +Murray is a man of stalwart built, well-knit frame and cheery, genial +disposition. He has been a constant voyager for a quarter of a century, +over half of that time having been in the trans-Atlantic service. In the +course of the conversation over the well-spread table, the mystery of +the City of Boston was alluded to.</p> + +<p>"Yes," remarked the Captain, "I shall never forget the last night we saw +that ill-fated vessel. I was chief officer of the City of Antwerp. On +the day we sighted the City of Boston a furious southeast hurricane set +in. Both vessels labored hard. The sea seemed determined to sweep away +every vestige of life. When day ended the gale did not abate, and +everything was lashed for a night of unusual fury. Our good ship was +turned to the south to avoid the possibility of icebergs. The City of +Boston, however, undoubtedly went to the north. Her boats, +life-preservers and rafts were all securely lashed; and when she went +down, everything went with her, never to re-appear until the sea gives +up its dead."</p> + +<p>"What, in your opinion, Captain, was the cause of the loss of the City +of Boston?"</p> + +<p>"The City of Limerick, in almost precisely the same latitude, a few days +later, found the sea full of floating ice; and I have no doubt the City +of Boston collided with the ice, and sunk immediately."</p> + +<p>Captain Murray has been in command of the Alaska ever since she was put +in commission and feels justly proud of his noble ship. She carries +thousands of passengers every year, and has greatly popularized the +Williams & Guion line. Remarking upon the bronzed and healthy appearance +of the Captain, the reporter said that sea life did not seem to be a +very great physical trial.</p> + +<p>"No? But a person's appearance is not always a trustworthy indication of +his physical condition. For seven years I have been in many respects +very much out of sorts with myself. At certain times I was so lame that +it was difficult for me to move around. I could scarcely straighten up. +I did not know what the trouble was, and though I performed all my +duties regularly and satisfactorily, yet I felt that I might some day be +overtaken with some serious prostrating disorder. These troubles +increased. I felt dull and then, again, shooting pains through my arms +and limbs. Possibly the next day I would feel flushed and unaccountably +uneasy and the day following chilly and despondent. This continued until +last December, when I was prostrated soon after leaving Queenstown, and +for the remainder of the voyage was a helpless, pitiful sufferer. In +January last, a friend who made that voyage with me, wrote me a letter +urging me to try a new course of treatment. I gladly accepted his +counsel, and for the last seven months have given thorough and +business-like attention to the recovery of my natural health; and to-day +I have the proud satisfaction of saying to you that the lame back, the +strange feeling, the sciatic rheumatism which have so long pursued me, +have entirely disappeared through the blood purifying influence of +Warner's Safe Rheumatic Cure which entirely eradicated all rheumatic +poison from my system. Indeed, to me, it seems that it has worked +wonders, and I therefore most cordially commend it."</p> + +<p>"And you have no trouble now in exposing yourself to the winds of the +Atlantic?"</p> + +<p>"Not the least. I am as sound as a bullet and I feel specially thankful +over the fact because I believe rheumatic and kidney disease is in the +blood of my family. I was dreadfully shocked on my last arrival in +Liverpool to learn that my brother, who is a wealthy China tea merchant, +had suddenly died of Bright's disease of the kidneys, and consider +myself extremely fortunate in having taken my trouble in time and before +any more serious effects were possible."</p> + +<p>The conversation drifted to other topics, and as the writer watched the +face before him, so strong in all its outlines, and yet so genial, and +thought of the innumerable exposures and hardships to which its owner +had been exposed, he instinctively wished all Rheumatic Cure which +entirely eradicated who are suffering from the terrible rheumatic +troubles now so common might know of Captain Murray's experience and the +means by which he had been restored. Pain is a common thing in this +world, but far too many endure it when they might just as well avoid it. +It is a false philosophy which teaches us to endure when we can just as +readily avoid. So thought the hearty captain of the Alaska, so thinks +the writer, and so should all others think who desire happiness and a +long life.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>The Prairie Farmer<br /> +<br /> +AND<br /> +<br /> +Youth's Companion<br /> +<br /> +One Year, $3 for the two.</b></p> + +<p class='center'>It is not required that both papers be sent to one address, nor to the +same post-office. +</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Address <span class="smcap">Prairie Farmer Pub. Co.,</span></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">150 Monroe Street, Chicago.</span><br /> +</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 6]<a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p>REMEMBER <i>that $2.00 pays for</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> <i>from this +date to January 1, 1885; For $2.00 you get it for one year and a copy +of</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer County Map of the United States, free</span>! +<i>This is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly +agricultural paper in this country</i>.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-06a.png" width="500" height="146" alt="HORTICULTURAL" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Horticulturists, Write for Your Paper.</span> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="Illinois_Horticultural_Society" id="Illinois_Horticultural_Society"></a>Illinois Horticultural Society.</h2> + + +<p>The ad-interim committee of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for +the northern part of the State reported through Mr. O.W. Barnard and +Arthur Bryant, Jr. Mr. Barnard had found the orchards thrifty and +healthy. The yield of apples had not been large this season, but +orchardists generally felt encouraged in regard to the future of their +orchards. He had found the high clay soils preferable for the apple. Mr. +Bryant reported the apple crop small. Some orchards had borne good +crops, especially of the Ben Davis. In others, this variety had failed.</p> + + +<h4>ORCHARD CULTURE.</h4> + +<p>Mr. W.T. Nelson, of the committee on orchard culture, recommended the +planting of orchards on high, sloping ground. In the rather low and +level country in which he lived (Will county) orchard trees lasted but +fifteen or twenty years. But few varieties seem to do well in any +locality. He would advise men about to set out orchards to ascertain +what varieties do well in their particular locality, and then plant no +others. He would not prune young orchards. He recommended the tiling of +orchards.</p> + + +<h4>HIGH OR LOW, LAND.</h4> + +<p>Mr. Nelson's report opened up the subject of high or low lands for +orchards. Mr. Robinson got more apples from trees on low lands than from +elevated sites. Prof. Budd did not commit himself to either theory, but +remarked that some varieties do best on low lands, while others +preferred the higher situations. Parker Earle thought that this theory +of low lands for our apple orchards was contrary to the past teachings +of the society. In his opinion high grounds are preferable. The subject +was a complicated one for Prof. Burrill. He had seen many low ground +orchards that bore good crops this year. There are many modifications +that effect the crop. It is not merely the elevation of orchard sites. +It was his belief that high ground, all things considered, is the best. +Mr. Robinson was not enthusiastic about the tile drainage of orchards. +Our trees need more water than they usually get. They do not suffer from +too much water, but from dry summers and rolling land. Mr. Spalding, of +Sangamon county, had found his nursery trees poorest when planted on a +depressed surface. He tiled extensively. His subsoil was a clay loam. +Nine years ago he laid tile 3½ feet deep and 30 feet apart. He did +not believe in manuring young trees. Too rapid growth is not wanted. +Trees in Illinois grow as much in one year as they do in two years in +the State of New York, where they raise more fruit than we do. The most +rapid growing trees are the tenderest. He does not force the growth of +his orchard trees. He is satisfied nurserymen have manured their young +stock too much. The question of high or low land was not settled. It was +hard for members to give up the old theory that high lands are best for +orchards in Illinois; but it may be set down as a fact that the matter, +as first brought to public discussion through <span class="smcap">The Prairie +Farmer</span> by B.F. Johnson, Esq., of Champaign, is having wide +discussion among our fruit men. It will result in close future +observation and closer scrutiny of past results. Without doubt this is +the leading new horticultural question of the day. It requires a careful +collection of facts and a broad generalization. The theories and +teachings of the past are nothing if facts are opposed to them.</p> + + +<h4>FRUIT GROWERS AND FRUIT SELLERS.</h4> + +<p>Mr. Ragan, of Indiana, read a suggestive paper upon the relation of the +fruit-grower to the commission man and the transportation companies. The +paper led to considerable discussion. Mr. Earle always sells his fruit +through a commission house. Without the commission men market-fruit +growers could not do business. He found no difficulty in getting +honorable men to do business with. When he got a good man he stuck to +him. The commission man is just as important a factor in the fruit +business as the grower or consumer. He believes in a liberal percentage +for commissions. Dealers can not do an honest business for nothing. He +is willing to pay ten per cent to the man who sells his fruit to the +best possible advantage, and who makes prompt and honest returns. The +cheap commission man is to be avoided. The proper handling of fruit by +intelligent dealers at fair rates is what we want. He ships small fruits +in full quart boxes. Uses new boxes every time. Wants no returned +crates. To get best returns we must have neat packages. Stained drawers, +baskets, old barrels, and the like do not help to sell fruit. He would +advise shipping black and red raspberries in pint boxes; blackberries +and strawberries in quart boxes. He picks his berry plantations every +day during the ripening season. Sundays not excepted. No man who is not +prepared to work seven days in the week during the picking season, or +who can not get help to do the same, will succeed in the raising and +marketing of small fruits. He has this year paid two cents per quart for +picking blackberries and strawberries, and the same for pints of +raspberries. It requires from five to ten pickers to the acre. He likes +women or grown-up girls to do this work. As to varieties he likes +Longfellow and Sharpless. They ripen slowly and everyday picking is not +so necessary. Mr. Pearson said the apple growers in his locality find +that judgment must be used in marketing apples. The Lord made little +apples and we must do the best we can with them. A neighbor had small +apples and the shippers grumbled at them. The neighbor would not stand +this and shipped his apples to Chicago and had them sold on their +merits. The result was satisfactory. An Iowa buyer came down there and +offered 50 cents per bushel for apples without regard to size, etc., and +he got them and shipped them in boxes to Muscatine where they were made +into jelly, dried fruit, etc. We can have no cast iron rules in regard +to marketing, but must be governed by circumstances. This year it was +better for his people to sell as they come, without the trouble of hand +picking, sorting, and careful packing. We must act like intelligent men +in this business as in all others. Circumstances alter cases. Good +common sense is a prime requisite. Mr. Miller agreed with Mr. Earle +about packages for marketing fruit. He uses white wood boxes from +Michigan.</p> + + +<h4>MULCHING AND MANURING.</h4> + +<p>Mr. Earle was questioned about the use of castor bean pomace for +strawberries. He uses it mixed with wood ashes. It is capital on poor +land. He likes unleached ashes in both strawberry and orchard culture. +He pays six cents per bushel for them. The castor bean pomace is good +for anything in the poor soils of Southern Illinois. He uses about half +a ton to the acre. Spreads with a Kemp spreader. Five hundred pounds per +acre will show excellent results. Has tried a tablespoonful of the +mixture to the strawberry plant when setting out. Has tried salt to kill +grubs in asparagus beds, but found it to kill the weeds and most of the +asparagus, while the grubs seemed to enjoy the application. Did not find +it of much value as a manure. Bone dust had shown no particular results. +Superphosphates acted much like the bean pomace. Does not think coal +ashes of much value. He uses the pomace as early in the spring as +possible. Sometimes he plows it under and sometimes applies after the +plants are set, and cultivates it in. One application answers for two +years' cropping. He fruits a strawberry plantation but two years, and he +sometimes thinks one year sufficient. He does not agree with some of his +neighbors that mulching has resulted unfavorably. Does not think the +mulch has increased the noxious insects. Knows of a plantation not +mulched at all, that suffered more than any other this year from the +tarnished plant bug.</p> + + +<h4>CENTRAL DISTRICTS.</h4> + +<p>Mr. Vickroy reported for Central Illinois. In August of the present year +he visited the orchards in the vicinity of Champaign, among them the +noted Hall fruit farm, near Savoy. He found the orchards in fair +condition. Many were sheltered by belts of trees. He observed that in +the lower or bottom land he found in connection with drainage, the best +orchards and the healthiest trees, and that on the more rolling or +higher grounds the trees were not as hardy nor did not bear as well. His +observations led him to believe in the draining of orchards, although it +was opposed to his previous education and of the teachings he had +received in this society. He regarded the experimental orchard which he +visited at Champaign a failure, for the very reason that it was on too +high ground; that the trees were dying, and many were not bearing. There +were, however, some varieties that showed good fruit. In his visit +referred to, he found the following varieties of apples did well in this +latitude:</p> + +<p>Fall Varieties—First, Snow; second, Standard; third, Maiden Blush; +fourth, Colvert; fifth, Baker Sweet; sixth, Pound Sweet; seventh, Fall +Romanite.</p> + +<p>Winter Varieties—First, Minkler; second, Rawles' Genet; third, Willow +Twig; fourth, Little Romanite; fifth, English Russet; sixth, Ben Davis; +seventh, Michael Henry Pippin; eighth, Jonathan; ninth, Gravenstein; +tenth, Rome Beauty.</p> + +<p>In varieties in pears he gave the Howell and the Bartlett. In grapes he +recommended the Martha in white grapes.</p> + + +<h4>GRAPES.</h4> + +<p>Mr. E.A. Riehl, of Alton, read a very exhaustive and complete report on +grapes and grape culture, including the so-called grape rot. The +suggested remedies were bagging and training vines up on elevated wires, +so the sun and air could get freely to the fruit. This point was +combated by Dr. Shrœder. Grapes ripen best in the shade. Another +gentleman suggested that with the wire system as suggested by Mr. Riehl, +the grapes are shaded by the foliage in all the hottest part of the day.</p> + + +<h4>INSECTS.</h4> + +<p>Prof. Forbes gave a learned and scientific dissertation on contagious +diseases of insects, and a number of germinal diseases, and experimental +and successful attempts to kill them. The Professor showed that nausea +is contagious and may be transferred by diseased worms, and that +therefore the spread of disease in worms would considerably lessen the +danger to plants and fruits from their inroads. These facts, said the +Professor, give us reason to hope that we have discovered another means +of defense from destructive insects.</p> + +<p>Mr. Earle will try pyrethrum next season for the tarnished bug. Prof. +Budd gave a brief sketch of latest methods of killing off noxious +insects as followed by J.N. Dixon, of the State of Iowa, one of the +greatest fruit farmers in that State or in the Northwest. He destroys +the insect by sprinkling the trees with water diluted with arsenic, +using one pound of white arsenic to 200 gallons of water. This has +proven a great success and is not at all expensive. Some members +objected to the use of arsenic on account of its poisonous properties. +London-purple or Paris-green were recommended by some. Some members did +not like to have hogs running in their orchards; others found them a +benefit if but few were permitted. They did a good work. If the orchard +is overstocked with them they do harm. They root about the trees and rub +against them. It is not an uncommon thing for them to kill the trees in +the course of a couple of years.</p> + + +<h4>FRUIT COMMITTEES.</h4> + +<p>Dr. Schrœder, member of the committee on pear culture, made no formal +report, but in brief remarks urged the general planting and raising of +the kind of fruit as being profitable and productive. Mr. Samuel +Edwards, of Mendota, chairman of committee on currants, read a very +interesting report on currants and gooseberries, in which it appeared +that the cultivation of this fruit was neglected and was on the decline. +Dr. A.L. Small, of Kankakee, made a report on plums, in which he +recommended the general planting of this fruit, he making a specialty of +plum trees, and regarded the plum as a fruit that was coming more in +demand and popular, and one that readily adapts itself to the many kinds +of climates and soils.</p> + +<p>Mr. Weir also read a paper on plums and plum culture. He recommended the +Chickasaw because it is hardy and not liable to have its blossoms +injured by a late spring, like many fruits. He named the Newman and Wild +Goose among other so-called seedlings that were very good. He expressed +the opinion that there was but one distinct species of plum in the +United States.</p> + + +<h4>FLORICULTURE.</h4> + +<p>Mrs. Mary J. Barnard, of Manteno, from the committee on floriculture, +strongly urged the cultivation of house-plants, not only as beautifiers, +but to give the most pleasant occupation to every lady of the family. +She referred to the earlier flowers of summer especially—the crocus, +snow-drop, lily of the valley, tulips. Next to these came the annuals; +with little trouble these could be had for months. The wild flowers of +the prairies were spoken of, and she suggested that we should obtain +seed of the flowers and raise such as we wish. The paper was a good one +and was well received. Mr. Baller, a florist of Bloomington, said that +of late the demand for plants had fallen off. The reason given was that +there was an increased general knowledge among the people. At the +present, the chief demands are for hot-house, cut flowers, and +monthlies. The reason given for the falling off of the demand for plants +was the fact that plants were more easily raised since the introduction +of base-burners. This, he thought, could be still further increased by +having a double sash, and the building of bay windows on the south and +east of the houses. He reported, however, that there was still a good +market for hot-house flowers among the rich for decorating purposes, +funerals, etc.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> will, from time to time, consider other +papers and discussions at this meeting, for there was much more of +interest said and done than can be condensed into a simple running +report. We advise farmers to send one dollar to the Secretary and +receive therefor a copy of the Transactions when issued.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="A_Short_Sermon_on_a_Long_Text" id="A_Short_Sermon_on_a_Long_Text"></a>A Short Sermon on a Long Text.</h2> + + +<p>The text will be found in Leviticus 16: 21-22-23; but whether its +application can be found is uncertain. Horticulturists are prone to find +scape-goats to carry their sins of omission and commission; and they +load these—a great burden—upon them, and send them off to be lost in +the wilderness. Providence is most usually chosen by them for this +purpose. Most of their mistakes and failures—sins, let us call +them—are ascribed to Providence; and He is expected to carry the +burden. But I strongly urge they remain our own after all.</p> + +<p>I am led to these conclusions by the fact that among the many failures +in fruit culture there are some splendid successes; and that these +successes occur with those, as a rule, who are guiltless of these sins; +and that just in proportion to the magnitude of the guilt is the success +insured. In other words—that almost invariably are our failures to be +attributed to our own want of skill and our neglect—most generally the +latter. Here and there we note cases of marked success—of heavy crops +and large returns for care and labor invested. These are mostly on a +small scale; as for instance, one man produces from at the rate of 200 +to 300 bushels of strawberries per acre, on a few rods of ground. +Another, his neighbor, gets about as many quarts. The conditions of soil +and climate are about the same. Now is Providence to be charged with +this disparity? Certainly not. The same care, the same intelligent +management, and the same amount of labor bestowed, would have produced +as favorable results in the one case as in the other.</p> + +<p>And so, as to larger tracts. I hold that what my neighbor can do on a +dozen square rods, he and I both ought to be equally able to do on five +or ten, or twenty times as large a tract. But, you say, these large +yields are the results of extraordinary care. True, they are; and that +proves my theory—that extraordinary care will produce extraordinary +results. What one man can do once, he can do again and all the time; and +we all can do the same. Extraordinary care may be defined as the care +necessary to produce good results, and if that care were always applied +it would cease to be extraordinary.</p> + +<p>I myself saw in my neighbor's field a crop of strawberries, on two rows, +which at the safest and closest calculation I could make, yielded at the +rate of over 300 bushels per acre. He had but the two rows; had given +them extraordinary care—had kept them clear of grass and weeds—and the +ground mellow—and had mulched them with forest leaves. Those two rows +were in a field of several acres in size. The same care in planting, in +cultivating, in mulching, and the whole tract would have produced +corresponding results. That same year, my crop, on soil equally as good, +reached a yield of less than one-fifth in amount. Why this difference? +Providence favored him and didn't favor me, I might say, if I felt +disposed to make a scape-goat of Providence for my misdeeds. But I do +not believe that Providence did anything of the sort. The fault was my +own; and I have no right to attempt to shift the responsibility. And it +was not want of knowledge either. We, none of us, do as well as we know +how. Our failures are mostly the results of sheer neglect. Mistakes, we +incline to call them. Let us call them sins, and repent of them; and not +endeavor to do as Aaron did, pack them off into the wilderness. When we +bring ourselves to thus correct our mistakes, our crops will be +increased threefold, and Providence will no longer be made a scape-goat +for us.</p> + +<p>T.G.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="Prunings" id="Prunings"></a>Prunings.</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> strawberry was introduced into England from Flanders in 1530.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gardeners</span> in London, England, are always ready to buy toads. +The regular market price for them ranges from $15 to $25 per hundred.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Soap-suds</span> are a valuable fertilizer for all forms of +vegetation; especially serviceable<span class='pagenum'>[Pg 7]<a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a></span> for small fruits, and in the fruit +garden proper will never be wasted.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">An</span> Italian claims to have discovered that by drenching the +foliage of grapevines with a solution of soda the filaments of the +mildew fungus will be shriveled, while the leaves will remain uninjured. +A Wisconsin nurseryman, however, advises the use of flowers of sulphur, +which he believes a good remedy, also, when applied to the vines and +when added to the soil surrounding them.</p> + +<p>A <span class="smcap">correspondent</span> of the Germantown Telegraph says that he has +found salt a valuable remedy for rust on blackberry vines, and +concludes: "I have applied two or three handfuls on the surface of the +ground, immediately over the roots, when the plants were badly rusted; +in two or three weeks the disease had disappeared, and the plants had +made a good growth. I believe moderate applications of salt, sown +broadcast over a blackberry patch, would be of great benefit as a +fertilizer and health renewer."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gardener's Monthly</span>: In the discussions on forest culture, +little is said of the willow, which forms a very interesting department. +The white willow, Salix Candida, is often used for coarse work. S. +Vinnunatis and S. Russelliana, are the most commonly used in the Eastern +United States, under the name of Osier, or basket willow, and S. +Forbyana, a variety of S. rubra, or the red willow is often used for +fine work. In the Editor's recent visit to the Northwest a number of +fine species were noted which would evidently be worth introducing for +basket-making purposes.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Germantown Telegraph says: "To grow good crops of +blackberries the soil should be good and especially deep, for the roots +run down wonderfully when possible for them to do so; and as the growing +fruit requires its greatest nourishment in the usually dry month of +August, it is an advantage to have deep soil for the roots to draw a +supply from. A deep, sandy soil will generally grow the best crop of +berries, while a clay soil tends to produce rust. Good cultivation, good +soil, and a judicious use of manure make stout and vigorous canes, with +a crop of berries in increased ratio."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Indiana</span> correspondent Orange County Farmer: I have had a good +deal of experience in propagating currants. I always plant my currant +cuttings in the fall as soon as the leaves fall off. They will make +durable roots two to four inches long the same fall, while the buds +remain dormant. They will make double the growth the next season if set +in the fall, and they should be set in ground that will not heave them +out by the effects of frost and should be covered just before winter +sets in with coarse litter. Remove the covering early in the spring and +examine the cuttings to see if any of them hove, and if so, press them +down again. Should they heave up an inch or more, if well pressed down, +they will start and make better growth than cuttings set in the spring. +In either case, however, the cuttings should always be made in the fall.</p> + +<p>A Rural New Yorker correspondent gets down to the real art of grape +eating. Hear him tell how to manipulate the fruit: No! the man who holds +the grape between his thumb and dexter finger and squeezes or shoots the +pulp into his throat, does not know how to enjoy the fruit, and is not +likely to appreciate the good qualities of a fine grape. Let the berries +follow each other into the mouth in rapid succession until three or four +are taken, while with each insertion the teeth are brought together upon +the seeds without breaking them. The acid of the pulp is thus freed to +mingle with the saccharine juice next the skin, and a slight +manipulation by the tongue separates the seeds and skins from the +delicious winey juices; after this has tickled the palate, skins and +seeds may be ejected together. Close to the skin lies a large part of +the good flavor of the grape.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">On</span> the subject of protecting trees from mice, R.W. Rogers, in +Ohio Farmer says: "As the season is near at hand when farmers will have +to look to the protection of their young fruit trees from ground mice, I +send you my method if you deem it worthy of publishing. It is as +follows: Take old tin fruit cans, put them on the fire until the parts +that are soldered have become heated, when they will come apart. Take +the body of the can and encircle it around the tree, letting the sides +lap each other, and press firmly in the ground before it has become +frozen. The mice coming in contact with the tin will turn them in +another direction. It is far better than mounding up or tramping snow +about them. Most any farmer can gather up enough for a good sized +orchard, and make them pay compound interest, which otherwise would be a +nuisance or pitched out of the back window."</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-07a.png" width="500" height="172" alt="FLORICULTURE." title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><a name="Gleanings_by_an_Old_Florist" id="Gleanings_by_an_Old_Florist"></a>Gleanings by an Old Florist.</h2> + + +<h4>ARTIFICIAL MANURES AND OTHER MATTERS.</h4> + +<p>The successful raisers of many kinds of flowers use, more or less, some +kind of what might be called artificial stimulants other than the +ordinary manuring of the soil at the time the plant is set out, whether +it be in pot culture or in the open benches. This is no new thing under +the sun; not a few who have been in the habit, and found great results, +have tried to keep a monopoly, and have been more or less close-mouthed +in the matter. Perhaps one of the oldest forms of this feeding extra +stimulants to their pets was in the form of liquid manure made from +various materials, as horse, sheep, cow, and other manures. They are +sometimes prepared with ever so much mystery in the matter of quantity, +time of preparation, quantity given, etc., all of which was supposed to +have its influence. Of one thing, however, there was certain, tangible +evidence that many of these persons managed, if for exhibition, to carry +off the best premiums; and if for the market were pretty sure to command +the best prices, and what is more, obtain the greater results +financially.</p> + +<p>Soot, guano, ammonia, and in later years, material obtained from the +immense slaughter-houses, such as blood and other offal in a highly +concentrated form, find, perhaps, nowadays, more advocates; principally +because the first-mentioned list contains articles that give off very +offensive odors while being applied, so that the more fastidious are +loath to use them. What may not be very offensive to the plodding +florist would be highly so to the more refined, or when the general +public comes more into contact with the crops while being so applied. In +almost all of the cases where the ingredients mentioned are used they +are diluted with a large quantity of water, except in the case of the +droppings of the animals; the latter are often used by florists in the +form of a very heavy mulch, depending upon the ordinary watering to +carry down to the roots such parts of the dressing as would dissolve in +the water, and thus give extra stimulant, and at a time when it would do +the most good, because, ordinarily, the more water necessary the greater +the growth going on, and vice versa, if plants are in a state of rest, +either from a finished growth or from lowness of temperature, but little +water would be needed, and but little benefit from the mulch, except +such as undoubtedly arises from the ammonia itself in the manure +permeating the atmosphere, which again, however, would be the most +active when heavy watering was necessary, simply because of the high and +humid temperature.</p> + +<p>For obvious reasons the votaries of window gardening will use those +giving off little or no unpleasant odors. Others again make the soil so +rich in the first instance that much less of what may be called +artificial manures are required during growth. But without some skill in +this matter it is not safe, for if much of the material is not +thoroughly decayed (which, however, has then lost most of its volatile +ingredients) it is, in the common vernacular of the gardener, too rank +to give good growth and results, whether it be in fruits, flowers, or +foliage. For example, in Henderson's horticulture he recommends, as the +best soil for potting, loam and hops. He says, "Not the least simple of +these operations is the preparation of our potting soil. We have, we may +say, only one heap—a big one it is—but it contains only two +ingredients, rotted sods, from a loamy pasture, and rotted refuse hops +from the breweries, in about the proportion of two of the sods to one of +hop. One-year-old rotted manure, if the hops cannot be obtained." It is +evident upon its face that so large a proportion as one-third of a fresh +manure or hops would be disastrous; but well rotted, and with care +otherwise in temperature and other desiderata, it would be a highly +stimulating soil. This was in 1869. We well recollect the commotion the +hop business caused in the horticultural world at the time, as Henderson +recommended it for plunging pots in, setting pots on mulching outdoors, +and almost every purpose. And did he not grow the best of stuff and +himself practice what he preached. Spent hops in this city were eagerly +sought after and used, apparently with great success, in almost every +florist's establishment as well as market garden. What before was a +nuisance to the breweries was eagerly sought after; like most things, +however, it had its day, and is now seldom seen again. We might, +however, say that its decline undoubtedly arose from its unpleasant +features, as it drew myriads of insects in its train and often emitted a +very unpleasant odor. Its great value consists in that it is the seed of +the hop plant, all seeds contributing by far the greatest value in +manures.</p> + +<p>In the green-house the object aimed at, is the greatest possible results +from limited area. Of the atmosphere the gardener has almost absolute +control—no siroccos, biting frost, or destructive winds interfere. He +can beat nature all to pieces in growing plants faultless in shape and +in quantity of flowers, but his soil is of limited extent for the roots +to wander in. To counteract this, he can give in other forms just as +much and no more nutrition as is necessary to effect his purpose, and +here comes in this artificial supply of manurial agents.</p> + +<p>Mr. DeVrey, the successful superintendent of Lincoln Park, uses horn +shavings. This is the cleanest and most pleasant material that we ever +recollect to have seen used for the purpose, it is the refuse in the +factories where the horns from the slaughterhouse are steamed and +manipulated into the numerous objects they are applied to, not the least +being into knife and fork handles, and the like. It is in the form of +thin shaving of half an inch to an inch in length, quite dry and light, +entirely free from odor. He takes all they make, and this year has a ton +of the material for which he pays at the rate of three cents per pound. +The method of using is simply to mix with the soil at the time of +potting, giving it, to the common eye, as oil specked all through with a +white flaky substance. Its effect is very visible in a clear, healthy +growth, given off gradually, and as it is quite common where vast +quantities of plants are required to be grown in small pots, when there +appears to be a necessity of some new stimulant, it should be given by +the amateur in a larger pot. This is done by shaking nearly all the soil +from the roots and re-potting again if possible in the same sized pots, +thus doing away with all artificial watering, and yet having healthy, +luxuriant growth all the time.</p> + +<p>A pound of the material, which is light, will be enough for a +wheelbarrow of potting soil. After all, the question is not so much the +exact material employed of a number of similar agents, as it is with the +intelligence brought to bear so as to apply at the right time the right +quantity, and under the best possible circumstances.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Edgar Sanders</span>.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Scientific.</h2> + + +<h2><a name="AM_I_A_SCOT_OR_AM_I_NOT" id="AM_I_A_SCOT_OR_AM_I_NOT"></a>AM I A SCOT, OR AM I NOT?</h2> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If I should bring a wagon o'er<br /></span> +<span class="i0">From Scotland to Columbia's shore,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And by successive wear and tear<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The wagon soon should need repair:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thus, when the tires are worn through,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Columbia's iron doth renew;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Likewise the fellies, hubs, and spokes<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Should be replaced by Western oaks;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In course of time down goes the bed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But here's one like it in its stead.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So bit by bit, in seven years,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All things are changed in bed and gears,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And still it seems as though it ought<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To be the one from Scotland brought;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But when I think the matter o'er,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">It ne'er was on a foreign shore,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And all that came across the sea<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is only its identity.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I came, a Scotchman, understand,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By choice, to live in this free land,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wherein I've dwelt, from day to day,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Till sixteen years have passed away.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If physiology be true,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My body has been changing too;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And though at first it did seem strange,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Yet science doth confirm the change;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And since I have the truth been taught,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I wonder If I'm now a Scot?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Since all that came across the sea<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is only my identity.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 6em;"><i>—Wm. Taylor, in Scientific American</i>.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="Primitive_Northwest" id="Primitive_Northwest"></a>Primitive Northwest.</h2> + +<p>Mr. C.W. Butterfield contributes an article on the Primitive Northwest, +to last number of the American Antiquarian. He says that early in the +seventeenth century French settlements, few in number, were scattered +along the wooded shores of the river St. Lawrence in Canada. To the +westward, upon the Ottowa river, and the Georgian bay, were the homes of +Indian nations with whom these settlers had commercial relations, and +among some of whom were located Jesuit missionaries. In the year 1615, +Lake Huron was discovered. To it was given the name of the Fresh Sea +(Mer Douce). But, as yet, no white man had set foot upon any portion of +what now constitutes the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, +Wisconsin, and Eastern Minnesota. And thereafter, for nearly a score of +years this whole region remained, so far as the visitation of white men +was concerned, an undiscovered country; and such it continued down to +the year 1684. However, previous to this date, something had been +learned by the French settlers upon the St. Lawrence, of this (to them) +far off land; but the information has been obtained wholly from the +Indians. This knowledge was of necessity crude and, to a considerable +extent, uncertain. Such of it as has been preserved is properly treated +of under the following heads: First, as to what had been gleaned +concerning the physical aspects of the country; second, as to what had +been brought to light relative to the various tribes inhabiting this +region.</p> + +<p>Previous to 1634, nothing had been learned of Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, +or Lake Michigan although it was understood there was some kind of a +water-way connecting the Fresh Sea (Lake Huron) with Ontario. A little +knowledge had been gained of a great body of fresh water lying beyond +the "Mer Douce," "a grand lac," so called by the French—now known as +Lake Superior. The length of this superior lake with that of the Fresh +Sea (Lake Huron), the Indians declared was a journey of full thirty days +in canoes. At the outlet of the great lake was what was described by the +savages, as a considerable rapid, to which the French gave the name of +"Sault de Gaston," the present Sault St. Marie, in the St. Mary's river, +the stream, which, it is well known, flows from Lake Superior into Lake +Huron.</p> + +<p>Accounts also had been received from the Indians prior to the year last +mentioned, of a lake of no great size, through which flowed a river +discharging its waters into the Fresh Sea (Lake Huron). These were +reports of Lake Winnebago and Fox river, in what is now the State of +Wisconsin. As the French upon the St. Lawrence had no knowledge as yet +of Lake Michigan, they imagined the location of this small lake, and its +river was beyond, and to the northwest of Lake Huron and that they +emptied into it; Green Bay into the head of which Fox river really +flows, being (like Lake Michigan) wholly unknown to them.</p> + +<p>It had further been reported by the Indians before this date that there +was a mine of copper on an island in what has been mentioned as probably +Lake Winnebago; doubtless, however, this island should have been located +in Lake Superior. A specimen of native copper had as early as 1610, been +exhibited by an Indian to an interested Frenchman upon the St. Lawrence, +and an account given by him as to the rude method employed by the +savages in melting that metal. But other islands besides the one +containing the copper mine had been brought to the knowledge of the +French settlers. A large one southeast of the "Sault de Gaston" being +described, and two smaller ones, to the south of it. These islands were, +it is suggested, the Great Manitoulin, Drummond, and Little Manitoulin, +of the present day.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dr. Leeds</span> has said that spices were adulterated to a great +extent, but only such substances were added as were purely +non-poisonous. Mustards were never found to be pure. Vinegars were also +highly adulterated. Competent officers, who shall be specialists, should +be appointed in each State to examine manufactured and natural foods to +detect adulteration. So far these examinations have been made by college +professors. The State Boards of Health should take the matter in hand +and see that it has the proper attention.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>A <span class="smcap">French</span> periodical, La Culture, gives the following simple +method for testing the purity of water. In an ordinary quart bottle +three parts filled with water dissolve a spoonful of pure white sugar, +cork it well and put it in a warm place. If at the end of forty-eight +hours the water becomes turbid and milky there can be no doubt of its +impurity, but if it remains limpid it may be considered safely +drinkable.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>The Prairie Farmer<br /> +<br /> +AND<br /> +<br /> +Youth's Companion<br /> +<br /> +One Year, $3 for the two.</b></p> + +<p class='center'>It is not required that both papers be sent to one address, nor to the +same post-office. +</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Address <span class="smcap">Prairie Farmer Pub. Co.,</span></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">150 Monroe Street, Chicago.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Political</span> talk is generally very eloquent, but it lacks the +insignificant element of truthfulness. A great deal of the buncombe of +politics reminds us of the lines of Lord Neaves, not long since +deceased:</p> + +<p>[Transcriber's note: This is where the article ends in the original and +the lines in question are not to be found in the rest of the +periodical.]</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 8]<a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>PUBLISHERS' NOTICE.</p> + + +<p><i>THE PRAIRIE FARMER is printed and published by The Prairie Farmer +Publishing Company, every Saturday, at No. 150 Monroe Street</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Subscription, $2.00 per year, in advance, postage prepaid. Subscribers +wishing their addresses changed should give their old as well as new +addresses.</i></p> + +<p><i>Advertising, 25 cents per line on inside pages; 30 cents per line on +last page—agate measure; 14 lines to the inch. No less charge than +$2.00.</i></p> + +<p><i>All Communications, Remittances, etc., should be addressed to</i> <span class="smcap">The +Prairie Farmer Publishing Company</span>, <i>Chicago, Ill.</i></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-08a.png" width="500" height="132" alt="The Prairie Farmer" title="" /> +</div> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center'><b>Entered at the Chicago Office as Second-Class Matter.</b></p> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>CHICAGO, JANUARY 5, 1884.</p> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>[Transcriber's Note: Original location of Table of Contents.]</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'>RENEW! RENEW!!</p> + +<p>Remember that every yearly subscriber, either new or renewing, sending +us $2, receives a splendid new map of the United States and Canada—58 × +41 inches—FREE. Or, if preferred, one of the books offered in another +column. It is not necessary to wait until a subscription expires before +renewing.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" width="40%"> +<tr><td align='left'><span style="font-size: x-large;">1841.</span></td><td align='right'><span style="font-size: x-large;">1884.</span></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>The Prairie Farmer</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>PROSPECTUS FOR 1884.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>SEE INDUCEMENTS OFFERED</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>SUBSCRIBE NOW.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p>For forty-three years <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> has stood at the front +in agricultural journalism. It has kept pace with the progress and +development of the country, holding its steady course through all these +forty-three years, encouraging, counseling, and educating its thousands +of readers. It has labored earnestly in the interest of all who are +engaged in the rural industries of the country, and that it has labored +successfully is abundantly shown by the prominence and prestige it has +achieved, and the hold it has upon the agricultural classes.</p> + +<p>Its managers are conscious from comparison with other journals of its +class, and from the uniform testimony of its readers, that it is +foremost among the farm and home papers of the country. It will not be +permitted to lose this proud position; we shall spare no efforts to +maintain its usefulness and make it indispensable to farmers, +stock-raisers, feeders, dairymen, horticulturalists, gardeners, and all +others engaged in rural pursuits. It will enter upon its forty-fourth +year under auspices, in every point of view, more encouraging than ever +before in its history. Its mission has always been, and will continue to +be—</p> + +<p>To discuss the most approved practices in all agricultural and +horticultural pursuits.</p> + +<p>To set forth the merits of the best breeds of domestic animals, and to +elucidate the principles of correct breeding and management.</p> + +<p>To further the work of agricultural and horticultural organization.</p> + +<p>To advocate industrial education in the correct sense of the term.</p> + +<p>To lead the van in the great contest of the people against monopolies +and the unjust encroachments of capital.</p> + +<p>To discuss the events and questions of the day without fear or favor.</p> + +<p>To provide information concerning the public domain, Western soil, +climate, water, railroads, schools, churches, and society.</p> + +<p>To answer inquiries on all manner of subjects coming within its sphere.</p> + +<p>To furnish the latest and most important industrial news at home and +abroad.</p> + +<p>To give full and reliable crop, weather, and market reports.</p> + +<p>To present the family with pure, choice, and interesting literature.</p> + +<p>To amuse and instruct the young folks.</p> + +<p>To gather and condense the general news of the day.</p> + +<p>To be, in brief, an indispensable and unexceptionable farm and home +companion for the people of the whole country.</p> + +<p>The style and form of the paper are now exactly what they should be. The +paper used is of superior quality. The type is bold and clear. The +illustrations are superb. The departments are varied and carefully +arranged. The editorial force is large and capable. The list of +contributors is greatly increased, and embraces a stronger array of +talent than is employed on any similar paper in this country. We +challenge comparison with any agricultural journal in the land.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> is designed for all sections of the country. +In entering upon the campaign of 1884, we urge all patrons and friends +to continue their good works in extending the circulation of our paper. +On our part we promise to leave nothing undone that it is possible for +faithful, earnest work—aided by money and every needed mechanical +facility—to do to make the paper in every respect still better than it +has ever been before.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>SPECIAL NOTICE</p> + +<p>To each Subscriber who will remit us $2.00 between now and February 1st, +1884, we will mail a copy of <b>THE PRAIRIE FARMER for One Year, and one +of our New Standard Time Commercial Maps of the United States and +Canada</b>—showing all the Counties, Railroads, and Principal Towns up to +date. This comprehensive map embraces all the country from the Pacific +Coast to Eastern New Brunswick, and as far north as the parallel of 52 +deg., crossing Hudson's Bay. British Columbia; Manitoba, with its many +new settlements; and the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, completed +and under construction, are accurately and distinctly delineated. It +extends so far south as to include Key West and more than half of the +Republic of Mexico. It is eminently adapted for home, school, and office +purposes. The retail price of the Map alone is $2.00. Size, 58x41 +inches. Scale, about sixty miles to one inch.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>READ THIS.</b></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>Another Special Offer.</b></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-08b.png" width="500" height="281" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>"The Little Detective."</b></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>Weighs 1-4 oz. to 25 lbs.</b></p> + +<p>Every housekeeper ought to have this very useful scale. The weight of +article bought or sold may readily be known. Required proportions in +culinary operations are accurately ascertained. We have furnished +hundreds of them to subscribers, and they give entire satisfaction. +During January, 1884, to any person sending us <b>THREE SUBSCRIBERS</b>, at +$2.00 each, we will give one of these scales, and to each of the three +subscribers Ropp's Calculator, No. 1.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<p><a name="editorial_items" id="editorial_items"></a></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">A meeting</span> of farmers interested in ensilage will be held at 55 +Beekman street, New York, Wednesday, January 23, at 12 o'clock. All +interested in the subject are invited to attend.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Iowa State Horticultural Society will hold its annual +meeting at Des Moines, January 15-18. Prof. J.L. Budd, Ames, will +forward programmes on application. The usual reductions in railway and +hotel fares are expected.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Professor S.R. Thompson</span>, Superintendent of the Nebraska +Agricultural College farm, has been chosen to represent Nebraska at the +meeting to be held at Washington, D.C., next week, for the purpose of +taking action in regard to contagious diseases of cattle. He requests +stock men and all others interested in the cattle industries of his +State to correspond with him, and make such suggestions as they may +think proper for guidance at the meeting.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Since</span> its organization in 1853 to 1882 inclusive, the managers +of the Illinois State Fair have offered the following amounts in +premiums for live stock: Cattle, $70,406; horses and mules, $81,825; +sheep, $24,450; swine, $25,320; poultry, $8,214;—total $210,215, which +must be considered pretty substantial encouragement. The total offered +in premiums for all classes of exhibits has been $303,961. Thus a little +more than two thirds of the entire amount has been given to the breeders +and importers of stock.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> officers of the Northwestern Dairymen's Association say +that every indication warrants the conclusion that the coming convention +at Mankato, Minn., commencing February 12, will prove the grandest +success in the history of the association. A full array of the best +dairy talent of the entire Northwest will be present. The purpose is +both in the arrangement of the programme and in the conduct of the +discussions, to make of the coming convention an institute for study and +instruction which no intelligent and progressive farmer can afford to +miss.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Missouri State Board of Agriculture asks the aid of one +competent man in every township in the State to give it estimates of +crops, etc., in his vicinity. The aim is to give as full and reliable +statistics for crop reports as it is possible to collect. The State +provides but $1,250 for the general expenses of the Board, and it is +thus dependent upon voluntary aid in the matter. The Board will defray +all expenses of postage and stationery. Competent persons willing to +undertake this work for the public good should address J.W. Sanborn, +Secretary, Columbus, Mo. Such persons will receive, free, the monthly +and annual reports of the Board.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">In</span> March of last year Secretary Fisher, of the Illinois State +Board of Agriculture, submitted his report for 1882 to Gov. Hamilton. +This report has just made its appearance. It has taken the State printer +ten months to get the volume printed and bound for distribution, a work +that any respectable job office in Chicago would have turned out in four +weeks without any extra exertion. The report is valuable, of course, but +it would have been worth a deal more had it appeared last April. Such +papers as the report of Prof. Forbes, State Entomologist, for instance, +might have been of immense benefit to the people of the State if the +information it contains regarding noxious insects had reached them in +early spring.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h2><a name="SEED_SAMPLES" id="SEED_SAMPLES"></a>SEED SAMPLES.</h2> + +<p>We have letters from several parties desiring us to publish an offer +they make to send packages of seed corn and other seeds to any one +applying and inclosing stamps to pay for trouble and postage. Some of +these parties also send samples of the seed. There is one great +difficulty in the way of publishing this class of communications. Once +we begin, the door is open to the practice of petty frauds upon our +readers which we have no right to encourage or allow. Now we are almost +certain that all these writers, thus far, are honorable men, who wish to +confer a favor upon their brother farmers, and who do not wish to gain a +farthing in the transaction. But some of them are personally unknown to +us, and we do not feel like vouching for their responsibility, still +less so because it is difficult to tell who will next propose a similar +scheme. There is to be a brisk trade in seed corn during the next four +months, and parties having a well tested article will find no difficulty +in disposing of it at good prices, providing they can convince people +they have exactly what they claim. The way to do is to advertise the +seed corn in the regular way, giving as references such men as the +postmaster, justice of the peace, banker, etc., as may be most +convincing and convenient. We are as anxious as any one can be to see +the people supplied with well ripened and well cared-for corn grown in +the proper latitude, and we are equally anxious to guard them against +imposition.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="THE_PORK_QUESTION_IN_EUROPE" id="THE_PORK_QUESTION_IN_EUROPE"></a>THE PORK QUESTION IN EUROPE.</h2> + +<p>The question of admitting American pork into France is not yet settled. +The Corps Legislatif is again "all tore up" by rash statements made by +member M. Paul Bert, who has published a letter at Paris in which he +argues that the use of our pork must result in disease, and that a +general outbreak may be feared at any moment, so long as the products of +diseased swine are offered in French markets. He endeavors to strengthen +his position by pretending to quote from Dr. Detmers, Department of +Agriculture Inspector at the Chicago Stock Yards. He alleges that +Detmers has reported that diseased and dying hogs are sold daily in +Chicago, and then shipped as pork, bacon, and lard to Havre and +Bordeaux. To this audacious or mendacious charge Dr. Detmers replies as +follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The statement made by M. Paul Bert, as contained in a cable +dispatch from Paris, is not only a perversion of facts, but a +falsehood cut from whole cloth. I never certified, wrote, or +said that dead hogs are shipped to packing-houses, or that +these carcasses are shipped abroad. All I ever said in regard +to transportation of diseased or dead hogs is contained in my +official reports to the Commissioner of Agriculture, +Washington, and can be found in his annual reports of 1878 +and 1879, on pages 355 and 418 respectively, where it is +accessible to everyone. I simply called attention to the +transportation of diseased and dead hogs to the rendering +tanks—entirely distinct from packing houses—as affording a +means of spreading the then prevailing disease—swine plague, +or so-called hog cholera.</p> + +<p>M. Paul Bert seems to be a true demagogue, otherwise he would +not resort to a falsehood to please his constituents. I never +in any manner, directly or indirectly, stated or intimated +that packers are or ever were in collusion with dealers in +diseased live stock. Moreover, the laws and regulations of +the Chicago Stock Yards are such as to render it absolutely +impossible that a dead hog should be smuggled into them, and +if an animal should die while in the yards it is at once +delivered to a soap-grease rendering establishment outside of +the Stock Yards, and can not possibly get into a +packing-house.</p></div> + +<p>This reply came too late to have any effect upon French legislation, and +the decree of prohibition has been re-enacted. So far we notice no +marked effect upon the prices of pork products in this country, but +later it must result in depression. We notice the leading papers of the +United States are advocating the retaliatory measures proposed months +ago by <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> against European States interdicting +the importation of our meat products. We refer to the prohibition of +French and German adulterated and poisonous wines and liquors, and dry +goods and silk goods colored with poisonous dyes. It must come to this +at last if such totally unreasonable legislation against American +products is to continue in those countries.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h2><a name="CORN_WHEAT_AND_COTTON" id="CORN_WHEAT_AND_COTTON"></a>CORN, WHEAT, AND COTTON.</h2> + +<p>The preliminary crop estimates by the Statistician of the Department of +Agriculture have been completed. He says the average yield of corn per +acre for 1883 was within a fraction of twenty-three bushels, which is 12 +per cent less than the average for a series of several years past. The +quality is another thing.</p> + +<p>It is doubtless true, Mr. Dodge says, that the quality of the corn north +of parallel forty is worse than for many years, increasing practically +the amount of shortage indicated by the number of bushels. As the whole +corn grown in 1883 in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Dakota, added +to half that grown in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska, would +make 400,000,000 bushels only—a fourth of the whole crop—so that the +possible depreciation of 40 per cent in all of it would be equivalent to +a 10 per cent reduction in the value of the entire crop. The Illinois +Department agents make the quality 31 per cent less than the average in +this State. An effort will be made later, after the worst of the crop +has been fed, to ascertain the feeding value of the year's product. It +is not proposed, however, to reduce the product to the equivalent of +merchantable corn, or "sound" corn, as no crop ever is free from +immaturity or imperfection. There always are some Northern fields caught +by frost, some neglected acres, some choked with weeds or flooded by +over-flows, and so on—corn, which is mainly "nubbins." What is intended +without reference to panic or exaggeration is to find out the exact +truth and then tell it. There is <span class='pagenum'>[Pg 9]<a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a></span>nothing gained, be it to farmers or +consumers, the Statistician adds, in suppressing truth on the one hand +or exaggerating the losses on the other. One feature of corn-growing in +1883 should prove a lesson to the farmers of the country; that is, the +general use of seed corn in the West, grown in lower latitudes. The +planting of Nebraska seed in Minnesota and Kansas seed in Illinois, has +demonstrated the folly of attempting to acclimatize the Southern maize +in the more Northern districts. Much loss from frost would have been +avoided had the seed been carefully selected from the best corn grown in +the immediate neighborhood.</p> + +<p>The wheat crop is estimated, as before, slightly in excess of +400,000,000 bushels.</p> + +<p>The cotton product, as shown by the December returns, is about 6,000,000 +bales. There will be another investigation after the close of the cotton +harvest and the shipment of a large portion of the crop, when precise +results will be approached more nearly than has been possible hitherto.</p> + +<p>The Department evidently feels a little "nettled" over the criticisms +that have been made upon its estimates of the last two corn crops. Again +we must protest that the amount of harvested corn in the West will fall +considerably below Mr. Dodge's figures. Whether or not the Department +sees fit to "reduce the product to the equivalent of merchantable corn" +such an estimate would be of interest, and when it gives the result of +the feeding quality of the corn, there will be something of a basis +furnished for such a calculation, especially as we shall have by that +time a pretty accurate account of the exported corn of the crop of 1883 +and the amount "in sight," as the grain merchants say. It is true that +there is nothing gained to consumers by "suppressing truth on the one +hand or exaggerating losses on the other" but there is something lost to +consumers by overestimating yields at about the time the harvest is +ready and when speculators can use Government estimates to force down +prices.</p> + +<p>The statistical machinery of the Department of Agriculture is far from +perfect, but it is the best the Government has supplied it with, and it +is not wise or fair to criticise its estimates too severely, based, as +they often must be, upon inadequate returns. The most that can be said +is that the Department should be exceedingly careful not to err on the +side that may result in injury to the producers, for, as we understand +it, it was created solely to advance their interests.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<h2><a name="CHICAGO_IN_1883" id="CHICAGO_IN_1883"></a>CHICAGO IN 1883.</h2> + +<p>Compared with the other great cities of the Union, and even with +previous years in her own history, Chicago had a prosperous business +year in 1883. The total trade of the year foots up $1,050,000,000, which +is a slight gain over that of 1882. The receipts of flour were 4,403,982 +barrels; wheat, 20,312,065 bushels; corn, 74,459,948 bushels; oats, +37,750,442 bushels; rye, 5,662,420; barley, 10,591,619. Of cattle there +were received 1,878,944 head; hogs, 5,640,625; sheep, 749,917; horses, +15,255; dead hogs, 55,656. Of seeds, 122,582 tons; broom corn, 15,038 +tons; butter, 53,987 tons; hides, 34,404 tons; wool, 20,122 tons; +potatoes, 13,000,000 bushels; coal, 4,042,356 tons; hay, 50,000 tons; +lumber, 1,848,817,000 ft.; shingles, 1,154,149 M.; salt, 1,096,587 +barrels; cheese 23,590 tons. The total value of farm products of all +kinds is estimated at $402,000,000, which is $20,000,000 above the +valuation of that of 1882. The products of Chicago manufactures are +valued at $325,000,000. In 1881 the receipts of hogs amounted to +6,474,844 head, and in 1882, 5,817,504 head. The wholesale mercantile +trade has fallen off somewhat, as it has all over the country, owing to +depression that seems to be universal. In manufactures the city is +making wonderful development. In growth she is still unchecked and +without a rival in the world among large cities and business centres.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h2><a name="STRONG_DRINK" id="STRONG_DRINK"></a>STRONG DRINK.</h2> + +<p>We often see in the papers the amount in dollars and cents, that strong +drink costs the people of this country. Some one has been making out +similar statistics for Great Britain, and finds that if the total house +rent is added to the rent of farms in the three divisions of the Kingdom +the total is $30,000,000 less than is usually spent for drink. Add +together the cost of the linen goods, cotton goods, coal, tea, coffee, +sugar, milk, butter and cheese and the total is only $45,000,000 in +excess of the sum spent in drink. And this is only the direct cost. The +indirect expense of drink—the crime and misery entailed, the cost of +prisons and almshouses, criminal courts and trials, the loss from +idleness, incapacity, blunders, sickness—towers above these figures in +colossal magnitude. Counting all these things it may be said of both +countries that strong drink costs more than sufficient to supply the +personal needs—food, clothing, and homes—of all the people. It is +indeed a fearful showing.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="Answers_to_Correspondents" id="Answers_to_Correspondents"></a>Answers to Correspondents.</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Charles De Long</span>, Artesia, Miss.—<span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> +has the reputation of knowing all about the prairies, north and south, +and, therefore, I appeal to it to tell me whether the Japan persimmon +will be likely to be hardy in this section, some portions of which is, +as you probably know, a prairie country?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Answer</span>.—The Japan persimmon, Diospyros kaki, is, as we +understand it, an evergreen of sub-tropical origin, and will not be +likely to fruit satisfactorily far north of the region of the orange. +Like the fig, in your latitude, it may stand what frosts you have and, +like it, attain considerable growth, but you will seldom get a crop. We +know enterprising nurserymen are telling us it will grow and fruit as +far north as Washington; but we were told the same story about the +eucalyptus, which proved to be no more hardy than the orange. Our +authorities for these opinions may be regarded as first-class—no less +than LeBon Jardinier, who says it can not be grown and successfully +fruited outside the region of the orange. Recently, at a horticultural +exhibition at Nice, France, there was a fine show of the kakis +contributed by a gardener in the vicinity of Toulon, of which the +official report gives this account: "Among the newer exotics were the +kakis, of Japan, grown at Toulon. The fruit is about the size of an +average apple, a bright, orange-red in color, and the tree is very +productive. The Japanese make a great account of it, both as a fruit, +when ripe, and as a source for obtaining tannin, in its green state. It +appears to accommodate itself remarkably well to the climate of +Provence, and especially merits to be introduced into Algeria, where it +will even do better in all reasonable probability.". In respect to the +appearance of the fruit, it more nearly resembles in shape and size a +bell pepper, than an apple, but the color is orange-red, as described. +It is pretty sure to cut a great figure among the fruit products of +Florida, where its successful cultivation will lend additional +attractions to that already seductive State.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mrs. Sarah Y. Staples, Dallas, Texas.</span>—I do not ask you for a +remedy for the roup, with which my fowls have been recently affected; +but for a course of treatment to follow to prevent its return?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Answer</span>—The roup may be brought upon healthy fowls if they are +shut up in narrow and unventilated quarters at night, and of days turned +out in cold or wet weather. And it will almost certainly follow if they +are confined under glass, as they sometimes are in winter, in abandoned +green-houses. In the first place, see fowls have a dry and airy roosting +place, but where they will be out of a draft or cold currents. Feed once +daily in the morning, the following compounded rations. Raw onions one +part, pork-cracklins one part, and bread or boiled potatoes one part, +chopped tolerably fine, but do not wet the mixture before feeding. If +you can substitute a few bits of garlic for twice the measure of onions, +it will be all the better for the health of the fowls, but they might +taint the taste of the eggs. If fowls are fed this mixture once daily, +it don't matter much what the other food is, whether corn or small +grain, though for laying mill-screenings or shrunken wheat is best.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Asa Gray, Rockford, Ill</span>.—I have seen it stated the daily +rations of the cowboys of the Southwest, in certain sections and during +some months, was confined to raw beef, rock salt, and red peppers. How +is it?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Answer</span>.—We don't know. Will someone familiar with cowboys and +their manner of living report. However, all things considered, the +ration is not a bad one, for the reason that raw beef digests in half +the time of beef well cooked, and the large, sweet pepper of the +Southwest deprived of its seeds is not near as hot in the mouth as it is +commonly represented.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">R. Root, Clarksville, Iowa</span>. 1. Does the basket willow have to +be cultivated like a field crop? 2. Is there more than one kind, and if +so which is best? 3. What kind of soil is best adapted to its +cultivation?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Answer</span>.—1. In some respects, yes; the land having to be given +over to them exclusively. In France the cuttings are planted from twelve +to fifteen inches apart in order to obtain long and slender shoots. 2. +There are half a dozen cultivated in Europe, the best two being the +Salix rubra or red Osier, and the Salix vitellina or yellow Osier. But a +hardier variety, Salix viminalis, is commonly preferred in this country +where the cultivation, though often undertaken, has never been very +successful, from the fact that American labor can not compete with the +labor of women and children in Europe. 3. In cool climates having a +moist atmosphere the Osier willow is successfully grown where ordinary +crops thrive, but in warmer and drier sections low and moist land must +be chosen. Indeed the whole tribe of willows love cool, moist +situations, and the richer the soil the stronger and quicker the growth. +We should be glad to hear from correspondents who cultivate, or who live +where the Osier is grown and prepared for market, the details of the +whole industry.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">B.F.J.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="Wayside_Notes" id="Wayside_Notes"></a>Wayside Notes.</h2> + + +<h4>BY A MAN OF THE PRAIRIE.</h4> + +<p>I don't know that I really ought to take any credit to myself for it, +but I hope I have done something toward increasing the number of farmer +correspondents for the hale old <span class="smcap">Prairie Farmer</span>. I can't help +noticing, as I do with pleasure, that the number is increasing. +Furthermore, the correspondents all write well, I mean, simply; they +seem to have something to say, and say it in a manner that can be +readily understood. Their writings are instructive, too. Well, I hope +this writing fever, like most others, will prove highly contagious, and +have a run through the entire <span class="smcap">Prairie Farmer</span> family. I know +from experience the malady is not a dangerous one. At least it don't do +the writers any harm; if the readers can stand what I say, I am +satisfied. The editor may boil down our communications, or chop them up +and serve them in any style he chooses, so that he presents all the good +we mean to say, and we will be satisfied. Will we not, +fellow-contributors?</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>Rufus Blanchard, for many years a leading map publisher of Chicago, told +me the other day, that in 1838 he was farming in Union county, Ohio. +That year he grew about 1,000 bushels of oats, some 250 bushels of +wheat, and raised 100 hogs. He sold his oats for eleven cents per +bushel, his wheat for twenty-five cents, and his hogs for one cent and a +quarter per pound. He hauled his grain to Columbus, forty miles, to +market, and took his pay in salt. I remarked that this was pretty rough +farming. "On the contrary," said he, "in those days we were happy as +clams. We had all the pork we wanted without cost, for our hogs fattened +themselves on the mast of the woods. We paid by toll for grinding our +wheat into flour. The woods supplied us with deer, turkeys, and many +other kinds of game. Our clothing was homespun. We had plenty of corn +meal and cheaply grown vegetables, and helped each other in sickness or +accident. If a neighbor's log house burned down, we all joined together +in putting him up a better one than he had before. We had pretty good +schools and interesting religious meetings without expensive pew rents +or style in dress. We visited each other and had plenty of sound +amusement. I never was so happy or so well contented in my life," he +added, and I believe him, for his face is wrinkled with care and +saddened by misfortune. It don't do, you see, to get too far removed +from this simple, natural life.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>I am looking out for a little colder weather. The pond is not yet frozen +sufficiently for us to cut ice as we want it. But both my neighbor and +myself have gotten all things in readiness for the harvest. I like an +open winter pretty well, but I do want ice.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>It seems to me that Dr. Detmers is always going off "half-cocked." He +once did the foreign cattle shipping interest great harm by an +ill-advised and unwarranted dispatch concerning the prevalence of +pleuro-pneumonia at the Chicago Stock Yards, and now I notice that his +alleged statements regarding diseased hogs and the disposal of them at +the same point have furnished the French Corps Legislatif an excuse for +enacting the decree prohibiting the introduction of American pork +products into France. Isn't it about time the Department of Agriculture +at Washington sat a little down on this man who writes too much with his +pen? Not that I would silence any man who sticks to facts, no matter +whose soap-bubble he pricks; but a simple alarmist who rushes into print +mainly for the pleasure it gives him to see his name in print, and to +know that he is talked about, deserves to be squelched. For aught I +know, though, Dr. Detmers has been misrepresented by the wily Frenchmen. +What has Dr. Loring to say on the subject?</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>But, after all, as I think the editor of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> +himself said some months ago, this foreign agitation of the live stock +question may result in great good, inasmuch as it must lead to proper +legislation in this country against the introduction and spread of +contagious diseases among animals. It is without doubt the basis of the +proceedings at the Chicago cattle-growers' convention in November last, +and of the present movement for immediate Congressional action upon the +matter. The difficulty abroad will, I believe, prove short-lived.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h2><a name="Letter_from_Champaign" id="Letter_from_Champaign"></a>Letter from Champaign.</h2> + +<p>With the exception of two days, the 22d and 23d, which were stormy and +gave us ten to twelve inches of snow, followed by a little sleet and +rain, the latter half of December has been as delightful as the first +half was, though a good deal colder. The sleighing since the 17th has +never been better; and as there is ten inches to a foot of solid snow +now lying on the ground, it is likely to last some time longer. The +sleet and rain formed a crust an inch and a half thick, and though it is +not very strong, it, together with the compact snow, makes getting down +to the grass beneath quite out of the question, and stock have to depend +on the stalk fields or be fed hay and corn.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>This will make a heavier draft upon the grain and hay in reserve than +has been anticipated by those who depend on carrying their stock through +mostly on grass, and be sure to lessen the surplus and raise the price +of corn, oats, and hay accordingly. Corn in the field is drying out so +fast under the influence of the dry, cold weather, stock do not refuse +soft corn as they did after the first sharp frost in November and +December. It is now seen that it would have been better to have left all +the soft and some of the immature corn in the field, than to have husked +and cribbed it as many did and lost more than would be believed, if +reported, by mould and rot.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>At any rate the fall wheat is safe so long as the present covering of +snow lasts, and this more than compensates for the loss of winter +pasture. The snow, as near as I can learn, covers all Illinois, except a +few counties on the west, and as usual, is quite as heavy in the +timbered regions of which Vandalia is near the center, as in Northern +Illinois. So far the cold season considerably resembles the winter of +1878-79, and let us hope it will continue to the end, that we may have +light snows and many of them, good sleighing and moderate temperature +through January and February.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>It has mystified me, as I have do doubt it has many others, why European +Governments have had so much to say about trichinæ in the hog, of which +we have had scarcely any, and so little of hog cholera, of which we have +had a good deal. But the mystery is now cleared up. The sickness and +losses from hog cholera, have either by error or intention been reported +to the several European Governments as results of almost universal +trichiniasis, and they have acted accordingly. That it should be so, +seems surprising, but that it is so, we have the proof in the following +paragraph from a late number of the Journal D'Agriculteur Pratique. The +writer, Dr. Hector George, one of the regular contributors, in a long +article opposing rescinding the order prohibiting the importation of +American pork products into France, first quotes the report of the +Chicago Board of Health, that 8 per cent of hogs slaughtered in Chicago +are afflicted with trichinæ, goes on to say: "This per cent, however +considerable it may be, is far inferior to the reality if we judge from +an official dispatch addressed to Earl Granville by Mr. Crump, English +Consul at Philadelphia." in 1880 trichiniasis destroyed 700,000 hogs in +Illinois alone. According to an official report by Dr. Detmers to the +Government of the United States, the hogs sick or dead from trichiniasis +are hurried to the packing houses and are thereafter prepared and +immediately sent off to Europe.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>M. Paul Bert, from whom we have recently heard on the same subject and +in the same strain, no doubt got his inspiration from the article in the +Journal D'Agriculteur Pratique after which he probably read the official +report of Dr. Detmers, to whom he refers, and like Dr. George, either +did not understand or intentionally misconstrued it for political +purposes. Perhaps what Dr. Detmers did report was bad enough and +extravagant enough, but it had exclusive reference to hog cholera then +prevalent, as any one can satisfy himself who will turn to the reports +or the Department of Agriculture for the several years 1879, 1880, and +1881. <span class="smcap">B.F.J.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<p><span class="smcap">A Record of Unfashionable Crosses in Short-horn Cattle +Pedigrees;</span> a book of 240 pages; the only work of the kind in +existence. Send for a circular. <span class="smcap">F.P. & O.M. Healy</span>, Bedford, +Taylor Co., Iowa.</p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 10]<a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a></span></p> + + +<p>Remember <i>that $2.00 pays for</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> <i>from this +date to January 1, 1885; For $2.00 you get it for one year and a copy +of</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer County Map of the United States, free</span>! +<i>This is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly +agricultural paper in this country</i>.</p> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-10a.png" width="500" height="107" alt="Poultry Notes" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Poultry-Raisers. Write for Your Paper.</span> +</div> + +<h2><a name="Chat_With_Correspondents" id="Chat_With_Correspondents"></a>Chat With Correspondents.</h2> + +<p>Notwithstanding the fact that I have repeatedly said I would not answer +questions unless they came through <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> the +people who, by ways and means best known to themselves, have managed to +obtain my address, keep right on asking questions by mail at a rate that +would drive me frantic if anything could. But nothing ever troubles me +long at a time, so I take your disregard of my wishes good naturedly, as +I take everything else that I can't help, and in the future I will +answer all questions whether they come through <span class="smcap">The Prairie +Farmer</span> or not, sometime. To be sure "sometime" is not very +definite, but it is the best I can do. My poultry letters are "too +numerous to mention" and it requires no small amount of time to answer +them all; but I won't growl about that if you will only be patient and +not grumble if you don't get an answer "by return mail," or "in the next +paper." All questions of general interest will be answered in these +columns as soon as possible, while those that require an immediate +answer will be attended to by mail. Poultry raisers who desire +information that I can give, and who have not my address, can address +<span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>. However, let me ask you not to write except +when necessary, and then please put your questions as plainly as +possible, and "be as brief as the nature of the subject will permit."</p> + +<p>And when you are writing to me don't use postal cards. Postal cards are +only intended for the briefest of business messages, but lots of people +use them for nearly all their correspondence. I know one man who writes +love letters on postal cards. Most women and some men manage to make one +side of a 5 × 3 inch postal card do duty for four pages of commercial +note. They will write up and down and across lots and on the bias until +the whole thing is so hopelessly mixed and tangled up that if the +mystery of a woman's ways, or the fate of Charlie Ross were solved upon +one of these cards all the "experts" in the world could not unravel it. +A penny saved may be as good as a penny earned, and I have no objections +to your saving it in a legitimate way, but when it comes to saving it at +the expense of my time, patience, and eye-sight, I object most +decidedly. Hereafter I will not answer postals; I will not even read +them.</p> + +<p>An Iowa woman writes: "If it is true that vaccination prevents chicken +cholera, how does it happen that fowls which had the genuine chicken +cholera last season took the disease again this season and died from the +effects of it? This happened on our place." I have puzzled my brains on +the same thing but I am not scientific enough to explain things that I +don't know anything about, so I leave that conundrum to be answered by +some of the learned people who have the whole theory of chicken cholera +at their tongues' end.</p> + +<p>Several correspondents want to know how to get rid of rats in +poultry-houses. One man says that he firmly believes that there are more +rats than chickens in his poultry-house, and although he has tried half +a dozen different kinds of rat-traps he rarely catches anything in them.</p> + +<p>I never found rat-traps much good; some of them would catch one or two, +but after that the rest of the tribe would fight shy of all such devices +for their undoing. A well trained rat terrier proved to be the best +rat-trap we ever had on the premises, and for the poultry raiser who +likes dogs a good ratter would be a good investment. Or you can use some +one of the "exterminators" that may be obtained at the drug stores. +Remove your fowls to some other building, prepare the poison according +to directions, and place it in the poultry-house. The best kinds to use +are those that make the rats thirsty and cause them to die immediately +after drinking; water can then be left in the hen house and the dead +rats will be found close by. When you have rat poison in the house see +that it is properly marked and put out of reach of children and careless +hired girls; and always see that all remnants of bait are taken care of.</p> + +<p>A Nebraska man wants to know why his hens don't lay. Says they are +mostly early pullets, have a fairly comfortable poultry house, all the +grain they will eat twice a day, and plenty of fresh water at all times.</p> + +<p>It seems to me that "all the grain they will eat twice a day" is rather +overdoing the grain business. Have some of that grain ground, mix with +boiled vegetables and feed warm every morning; also give green food and +raw bone, and my word for it your hens will soon "lay like sixty."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Fanny Field</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="Feather_Ends" id="Feather_Ends"></a>Feather Ends.</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Plymouth Rock</span> pullets are not always early layers, for they +often grow for ten or twelve months before laying, though some say as +early as six months after being hatched. The best plan the keep Plymouth +Rocks is to get the pullets hatched as early as possible. April is as +late as should be desired, but a Plymouth Rock cock crossed on common +hens will produce pullets that may be hatched later.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">N.Y. Times</span>: A poultry-house should be large enough to be airy, +but if it is kept strictly clean and sweet it will do no harm to be +somewhat crowded. A house 24 feet long, 10 feet wide, 5 feet high behind +and 8 feet in front, and having four roosting poles, all on a level and +only a foot from the floor, will hold 60 to 80 fowls. This manner of +arranging the roosts prevents a good deal of quarreling to get on the +top perch.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Poultry-rearing</span> for export appears to be largely on the +increase in Germany; and Rummelsburg, near Berlin, boasts of the largest +goose market probably in the world. There arrive daily at that station +on an average forty cars with geese and ducks. Every car contains about +1,500, thus making about 400,000 birds shipped every week, or an annual +total of 20,000,000. The largest portion of these birds are reared and +fattened in the surrounding provinces, and thence dispatched to all +parts of Germany, England, Belgium, France, Switzerland, and other +European countries.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Farmers' Call</span>: Turkeys do not require as warm quarters in +winter as do other fowls. They will rest on a cherry tree when the +mercury is frozen solid in the thermometer bulb, and then fly down in +the morning and wade through the snow to cool off. This is a hint to the +turkey raiser. Do not confine the turkeys in quarters too warm and +close, and be sure that they have three or four hours' exercise each day +in the open air. The turkey is really a hardy fowl and easily wintered +if you do not pet it too much. Be a little unkind to it in cold weather. +About all the shelter they will need is a wind-break. Give them plenty +of highly nutritious food.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Harrison Weir</span> writes: "What the farmers should do is +this—they should produce their poultry of the finest quality, poultry +of the stamp of the old Dorking—plump birds, thick-skinned birds, +small-boned birds, and birds with little offal—fat them well, truss +them well, and send them to market. The white-legged beauties would take +the highest price, and, if well seen to, would very soon drive the +foreign fowls from our markets, and English gold would gladden the home +of the English henwife. I may mention that a neighboring farmer intends +rearing 3,000 chickens next spring, all to be off his ground before the +beginning of May, when the cattle will come out. He expects to get 75c. +a head, and I believe he will, and it will pay him if he does."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Poultry</span> houses should be whitewashed inside and out. For the +inside we add two tablespoonfuls of carbolic acid or a pound of sulphur +to a pailful of the wash (to kill vermin); do not be afraid of putting +on too much, but apply the wash to every corner and crevice in the +building. If you have plank floors, clean them off nicely and put on +three or four inches of fresh earth. Dirt floors should be dug up the +depth of one foot. Wash your windows (if you have any in your house, and +if not you ought to have them), so that the fowls can see daylight, and +in bad weather they will enjoy the confinement of the poultry houses +much better. Wash off the roosts with kerosene oil at least once a week. +Take every nest box and wash inside and out, and put in clean straw, +sprinkling upon it some sulphur or loose tobacco. Observe these rules, +and your fowls will do better and keep healthier. We find this good +advice floating about and do not know its source. The hints are worth +remembering.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><b>The Throat</b>.—"<i>Brown's Bronchial Troches</i>" act directly on the organs +of the voice. They have an extraordinary effect in all disorders of the +throat.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-10b.png" width="500" height="98" alt="The Apiary" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><a name="Keep_Bees" id="Keep_Bees"></a>Keep Bees.</h2> + + +<p>The beginning of the new year is a general time of settling accounts and +making resolutions for the future. The head of many a family is overcast +with gloom as he ascertains the true state of his affairs, and perceives +how little he has to show from the past year of toil. His family may +have been industrious in a general way, and yet been consumers only, and +not producers. We knew a farmer's family where there were three +daughters just budding into womanhood. On inquiring of the mother what +she had to sell to clothe her daughters with, she answered, Not a thing. +Have you no butter, eggs, fowls, honey, or bees-wax to sell from this +good farm? No, nothing. These girls were not idle! Oh no. They pounded +the organ, and the result was music as sweet as filing a saw; crocheted, +darned lace, and helped mother. When their father went to town they +asked him to bring them a pair of shoes, a bustle, or a necktie, with no +thought or care. And all the while the neighbors said "he was hard run."</p> + +<p>There are few farmers' families that are so situated that they can not +care for a few colonies of bees. They not only need the sweets they +gather, but these industrious insects help to fertilize the bloom of +their orchards and meadows. Nature has appointed this insect, and it +alone, to do this work for her.</p> + +<p>Honey can be used in many ways as a substitute for sugar—in canning +fruit, making cookies, and for other culinary purposes.</p> + +<p>We would advise all those contemplating bee-keeping to start on a small +scale, if they have had no previous training. Two colonies are plenty, +and then let their knowledge increase in the same ratio as do their +bees. The next thing in order, after purchasing bees, should be a good +standard work on apiculture; and study it well. A person should be full +of theory, and then they are ready for practice. Those who are +energetic, willing to work, intelligent and willing, eager to learn, +observing, persevering, and attentive to their work, will rarely ever +fail in apiculture.</p> + +<p>We have heard farmers say that bees will not flourish with the same care +given to other farm stock, and that they have not time to attend to +them. We would recommend to all such to try the experiment of procuring +a colony or two of beautiful Italians, in some good movable frame hive, +and present them to the family, with abundance of bee literature, and +see if they are not taken care of, especially if the almighty dollar +puts in an appearance.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mrs. L. Harrison</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="The_New_Bees" id="The_New_Bees"></a>The New Bees.</h2> + +<p>Prof. Cook, at the late Michigan Convention of Bee-keepers, spoke in +this wise on the topic of the New Bees:</p> + +<p>"I have had no experience with the Cyprian bees, but I think more and +more of the Syrian. I find no trouble to handle them, and take my large +class of students, new to the business, right into the apiary. These +thirty or forty students daily manipulate the bees, doing everything +that the bee-keeper ever needs to do, and rarely ever get stung. I find +that the comb honey of the Syrians is excellent, that the bees go +readily into the sections. We did not get all our sections so that they +could be crated without the use of the separators; but I am not sure but +that it was more our fault than the fault of the bees. They are very +prolific, breeding even when there is no nectar to gather, and they +often gather when other bees are idle. I have this fall secured from Mr. +Frank Benton a Carniolan queen, and shall try crossing the Carniolans +with the Syrians. Perhaps we can thus secure a strain with the +amiability of the Carniolan, and the business of the Syrians."</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="Hive_and_Honey_Hints" id="Hive_and_Honey_Hints"></a>Hive and Honey Hints.</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Willingford</span>, of Carlingford, Ontario, who had a crop of +several tons of honey this year, has taken it to England for sale.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Manufacturers</span> of tobacco, of pickles, of cakes and cookies, +confectioners, and pork-packers are now using honey more extensively +than ever in the preparation of their specialties.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">A singular</span> instance of bee-swarming occurred a short time ago +in Singapore harbor, on board the British steamer Antonio, which at the +time was lying entirely outside the shipping in the roads. A swarm of +wild bees from the shore suddenly located themselves directly under the +sternpost of a boat lying above the deck, and all attempts to drive them +away proved unavailing, the chief officer being very severely stung in +endeavoring to get rid of them. They held to their position for several +days, and were eventually destroyed after the steamer had hauled +alongside the wharf.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rev. L.L. Langstroth</span> recently said: When I commenced +bee-keeping, a sting caused much swelling, but in time this trouble +passed away. Several years passed, during which I handled no bees, and +when I again attempted it, I found myself more susceptible to the poison +than ever, but by continuing to work with the bees, disregarding the +stings, my former indifference returned.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ohio</span> bee-keepers will discuss the following questions at the +Columbus meeting on the 14-16: How to winter bees successfully. How many +brood-frames are necessary in one hive? What can be done to prevent +adulteration of honey? How to create a home market for honey. How many +colonies can be kept in one locality? Can we do without separators? What +shall we do with second swarms? Which is the most salable +section—one-half, one, or two pounds? Which are best—deep or shallow +frames? Is it advisable to have a standard-size frame for all +bee-keepers?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Many</span> are inquiring the proper way to let bees out on shares, so +as to have both parties satisfied. I do not know any such way, for the +most I have known in regard to letting bees out on shares resulted in +both parties being dissatisfied. But it all depends on what the +agreement is; and perhaps you had better have it down in writing. One +case I have recently heard of, the agreement was to divide the profits. +Well, it so happened that there was no profit, but there was a pretty +big loss; and as no provision had been made for this state of affairs, +each one felt disposed to put the loss on to the shoulders of the other. +I decided it would be about fair to divide the loss; but very likely +circumstances might make this not the right way after all. So says the +editor of Gleanings. It strikes us that he is all right, but if he had +said to bee-keepers "use the same common sense as to contracts that +people do in other kinds of business," he would have covered the whole +ground.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>The Prairie Farmer<br /> +<br /> +AND<br /> +<br /> +Youth's Companion<br /> +<br /> +One Year, $3 for the two.</b></p> + +<p class='center'>It is not required that both papers be sent to one address, nor to the +same post-office. +</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Address <span class="smcap">Prairie Farmer Pub. Co.,</span></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">150 Monroe Street, Chicago.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<h3><b>RAILROADS.</b></h3> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-10c.png" width="500" height="82" alt="A MAN" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>WHO IS UNACQUAINTED WITH THE GEOGRAPHY OF THIS COUNTRY WILL SEE BY +EXAMINING THIS MAP THAT THE</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-10d.png" width="499" height="675" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC R'Y</p> + +<p>By the central position of its line, connects the East and the West by +the shortest route, and carries passengers, without change of cars, +between Chicago and Kansas City, Council Bluffs, Leavenworth, Atchison, +Minneapolis and St. Paul. It connects in Union Depots with all the +principal lines of road between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. Its +equipment is unrivaled and magnificent, being composed of Most +Comfortable and Beautiful Day Coaches, Magnificent Horton Reclining +Chair Cars, Pullman's Prettiest Palace Sleeping Cars, and the Best Line +of Dining Cars in the World. Three Trains between Chicago and Missouri +River Points. Two Trains between Chicago and Minneapolis and St. Paul, +via the Famous</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>"ALBERT LEA ROUTE."</b></p> + +<p>A New and Direct Line, via Seneca and Kankakee, has recently been opened +between Richmond Norfolk, Newport News, Chattanooga, Atlanta, Augusta, +Nashville, Louisville, Lexington, Cincinnati Indianapolis and Lafayette, +and Omaha, Minneapolis and St. Paul and intermediate points.</p> + +<p>All Through Passengers Travel on Fast Express Trains.</p> + +<p>Tickets for sale at all principal Ticket Offices in the United States +and Canada.</p> + +<p>Baggage checked through and rates of fare always as low as competitors +that offer less advantages.</p> + +<p>For detailed information, get the Maps and Folders of the</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>GREAT ROCK ISLAND ROUTE</b>,</p> + +<p>At your nearest Ticket Office, or address</p> + +<p><b>R.R. CABLE</b>,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Vice-Pres. & Gen'l M'g'r,</span></p> + +<p><b>E. ST. JOHN</b>,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Gen'l Tkt. & Pass. Agt.</span></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>CHICAGO.</b></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 11]<a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Remember</span> <i>that $2.00 pays for</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> +<i>from this date to January 1, 1885: For $2.00 you get it for one year +and a copy of</i> <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer County Map of the United States, +free</span>! <i>This is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class +weekly agricultural paper in this country</i>.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2><b>Silk Culture.</b></h2> + + +<h2><a name="Women_in_Silk_Culture" id="Women_in_Silk_Culture"></a>Women in Silk Culture.</h2> + +<p>The feminine portion of our population is getting to be mighty +independent. Instead of waiting, Micawber-like, for something (a man) to +turn up they are going to work to turn it up themselves. They would +rather make a living for themselves than have a man to make it for them. +They are teaching schools, operating telegraph instruments and +telephones, clerking, keeping books of account, type-writing, doing +short-hand reporting, lecturing, preaching, practicing law, and some +have so far fallen from grace as to be editing papers. But many of these +occupations present closed doors to our country girls and women. Many of +these can not leave their country homes, and these occupations, with the +exception of school teaching, can not be carried on in the country. +Others, who could leave home, are chary of braving the wiles and +temptations of the city, and their friends are still more loth to have +them go. The great need is some work, light, respectable, and yet fairly +remunerative, which our country lassies can carry on at home. School +teaching is possible, but teaching country district schools is the most +thankless of all drudgery, and, besides, a majority of our young women +are not able to endure the worry and close confinement. If it can be +made successful, sericulture offers by far the best opportunity to +country girls to earn their own pin money, or even their own living. It +can be engaged in at home; it is light, pleasant, and interesting work; +and there is no doubt that American silk can be produced of such a +quality that there will be a brisk demand for it at good prices. But if +all this be true the question at once presents itself, Why have not +American women engaged largely in sericulture?</p> + +<p>The answer is that they have been appalled at the very outset by the +alleged expense of the undertaking. The promoters of the enterprise took +to writing books. There was an excuse for this amounting almost to a +necessity. To engage in silk culture, a person must be possessed of some +special knowledge. It is no harder than poultry or bee-keeping, but a +person to succeed at these must have some expert knowledge, and as +sericulture was a new thing, beginners must have books containing what +they needed. But these authors made the business much more difficult and +expensive than it should be. First of all, they laid it down as one of +the Medes and Persian laws of sericulture, that the worms must have +mulberry leaves to subsist upon. Mulberry sprouts are costly to begin +with; then the trees must grow at least two years, and should grow five +years, before the leaves are used. This, of itself, was enough to deter +but a very few from silk culture. But they made it appear, also, that +very expensive appliances for a cocoonery were necessary, and only the +most costly breeds of worms should be used, entailing greater expense +and difficulty. The books were, and for that matter are, filled with dry +scientific details of the internal construction of the worm and of its +habits—details which only confused the learner and which, though giving +an author material from which to deduce rules of instruction, should +have been omitted from the book and their place supplied with the rules +deduced. In short, it seemed to be the prime object to make sericulture +as hard and forbidding as possible, and to deter the people from it +rather than to induce them to engage in the work. For this very reason +there has been considerable popular indifference to it, and from the +agricultural press it has not received that attention which so promising +an industry deserves. I would not be so unjust as to leave the reader to +infer that all authors on sericulture have been thus guilty. There have +been some very few who from the very start have presented it in as easy +and practicable a light as was consistent with successful work. Nor +would I be ready to assert that those who have said it could not be made +financially profitable without mulberry groves, fancy priced worms, and +expensive appliances, have done so from base motives. Yet it would +appear as if not a few could be justly indicted of this; for they have +mulberry sprouts, fancy priced worms, and costly appliances to sell. And +perhaps it occurred to them that if they deterred the people generally +from taking hold of it, they would have less opposition and competition.</p> + +<p>But be this as it may, the fact is that it is not necessary to have +mulberry groves, costly appliances, or even fancy priced worms (though +good worms only should be reared), in order to profitably engage in +sericulture. I know of no business presenting so promising an opening +that requires less capital. And I say this, having no axe to grind in +any way, simply for the sake of those girls and women who might make +money by it, and who would do so if they only knew the facts. I have no +book, no sprouts, no worms, nothing whatever, to sell.</p> + +<p>I have said that the leaves of the mulberry are not essential to silk +growing. If this be true the greatest obstacle in the way of sericulture +becoming a great national industry will have been removed. And that it +is true is proven by the experience of not a few practical silk-growers. +Without exception those who have tested the matter say that the leaves +of the Osage-orange are equal to those of the mulberry, and some say +they are better. My position brings me into correspondence with the +leading specialists in agricultural pursuits, and among others with many +practical silk-growers. To-day I received letters from three +silk-growers, one in Illinois, one in Kansas, and one in California. +Each had fed the leaves of the Osage-orange exclusively for the last two +years, and with the best results. One said there was no doubt that they +were at least equal to the leaves of the mulberry, and the other two +pronounced them superior. One of our best authorities on sericulture, +Prof. Barricelli, has shown by means of chemical analyses and other +scientific data, that as nourishment for silk-worms the Osage is +superior to the mulberry. In fact, nine-tenths of the practical +silk-growers of the West, those who are making it not only practicable +but profitable, are now feeding Osage leaves exclusively. This should be +known by the people at large. There can be no monopoly of the +Osage-orange. No one can demand of the expectant silk culturist +exorbitant prices for Osage sprouts. In very few localities will it be +necessary to plant the Osage even. We have an abundance of Osage hedges, +particularly in the West. In such localities the silk culturist will be +at no expense whatever for food for the worms, and will not be under +even the necessity of waiting a couple of years for it to grow. When +this is more fully understood by the girls and women of the country, we +may expect silk culture to assume the importance of a profitable +national industry.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">John M. Stahl</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h3>MEDICAL.</h3> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>Weak Nervous Men</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px;"> +<img src="images/illus-11a.png" width="150" height="183" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Whose <b>debility, exhausted powers</b>, premature decay and failure to +perform <b>life's duties</b> properly are caused by excesses, errors of +youth, etc., will find a perfect and lasting restoration to <b>robust +health</b> and <b>vigorous manhood</b> in</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>THE MARSTON BOLUS.</b></p> + +<p>Neither stomach drugging nor instruments. This treatment of <b>Nervous +Debility</b> and <b>Physical Decay</b> is uniformly successful because based on +perfect diagnosis, <b>new and direct methods</b> and absolute <b>thoroughness</b>. +Full information and Treatise free.</p> + +<p>Address Consulting Physician of +MARSTON REMEDY CO., 46W. 14th St., New York.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 20%;"> +<img src="images/illus-11b.png" width="100" height="173" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 55%;"> +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>TWO LADIES MET ONE DAY.</p> +</div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 20%;"> +<img src="images/illus-11c.png" width="100" height="197" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>One said to the other "By the way how is that Catarrh of yours?" "Why +it's simply horrid, getting worse every day." "Well, why don't you try +<b>'Dr. Sykes' Sure Cure,'</b> I know it will cure you!" "Well, then I will, +for I've tried everything else."</p> + +<p>Just six weeks afterward they met again and No. 1 said. "Why, how much +better you look, what's up! Going to get married, or what?" "Well, yes, +and it's all owing to <b>Dr. Sykes' Sure Cure for Catarrh;'</b> oh, why +didn't I know of it before? it's simply wonderful."</p> + +<p>Send 10 cents to Dr. C.R. Sykes, 181 Monroe street, Chicago, for +valuable book of full information, and mention the "Two Ladies."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>30 DAYS' TRIAL</b></p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='center'> +<img src="images/illus-11da.png" width="140" height="122" alt="BEFORE." title="" /> +</td><td align='center'> +<img src="images/illus-11db.png" width="204" height="121" alt="" title="" /> +</td><td align='center'> +<img src="images/illus-11dc.png" width="155" height="122" alt="AFTER." title="" /> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><span class="caption">BEFORE.</span></td><td> </td><td align='center'><span class="caption">AFTER.</span></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>ELECTRO VOLTAIC BELT, and other <span class="smcap">Electric Appliances</span>. We will +send on Thirty Days' Trial, TO MEN, YOUNG OR OLD, who are suffering from +<span class="smcap">Nervous Debility, Lost Vitality</span>, and those diseases of a +<span class="smcap">Personal Nature</span> resulting from <span class="smcap">Abuses</span> and <span class="smcap">Other +Causes</span>. Speedy relief and complete restoration to <span class="smcap">Health, +Vigor</span> and <span class="smcap">Manhood Guaranteed</span>. Send at once for Illustrated +Pamphlet free. Address</p> + +<p style='font-size: x-large;'><span class="smcap">Voltaic Belt Co., Marshall, Mich.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>CONSUMPTION.</p> + +<p>I have a positive remedy for the above disease; by its use thousands of +cases of the worst kind and of long standing have been cured. In deed, +so strong is my faith in its efficacy, that I will send TWO BOTTLES +FREE, together with a VALUABLE TREATISE on this disease, to any +sufferer. Give Express & P.O. address. DR. T.A. SLOCUM, 181 Pearl St., +N.Y.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<h3>PUBLICATIONS</h3> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><span class="smcap"><b>The Youth's Companion</b></span></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>FOR 1884.</p> + +<p><span class="dropcap dropcapt">T</span>HE COMPANION presents below the Announcement of its Fifty-Seventh +Volume. Its unusual character, both in the range of its topics, and its +remarkably brilliant list of Contributors, will, we trust, be accepted +as a grateful recognition of the favor with which the paper has been +received by more than 300,000 subscribers.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>Illustrated Serial Stories.</b></p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>A Story of English Rustic Life, by</td><td align='right'>Thomas Hardy.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>The Foundling of Paris, by</td><td align='right'>Alphonse Daudet.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A Boys' Story, by</td><td align='right'>J.T. Trowbridge.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>The Covenanter's Daughter, by</td><td align='right'>Mrs. Oliphant.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A Story of Adventure, by</td><td align='right'>C.A. Stephens.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>My School at Orange Grove, by</td><td align='right'>Marie B. Williams.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>Science and Natural History.</b></p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Eccentricities of Insanity, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Dr. W.A. Butler.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Common Adulterations of Food, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Dr. J.C. Draper.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>The Home Life of Oysters</b>, and other Natural History Papers, by</td><td align='right'><b>Arabella B. Buckley.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Wonders in Ourselves</b>; or the Curiosities of the Human Body, by</td><td align='right'><b>Dr. Austin Flint, Jr.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Insect Enemies</b>of the Garden, the Orchard and the Wheat-Field, by</td><td align='right'><b>A.S. Packard, Jr.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Demons of the Air and Water.</b>A fascinating Series of Papers on Sanitary Science, by</td><td align='right'><b>R. Ogden Doremus.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>The Youth Of the Brain</b>, "Speech in Man," "Animal Poisons and their Effects," and Other Papers, by</td><td align='right'><b>Dr. W.A. Hammond.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Strange Ways Of Curing People</b>. A Description of Curious Sanitaria,—the Peat, Mud, Sand, Whey, and Grape Cures, by</td><td align='right'><b>William H. Rideing.</b></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>Encouragement and Advice.</b></p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Hints for Poor Farmers, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>C.E. Winder.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>The Failures of Great Men, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>James Parton.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>A Dietary for Nervous People, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Dr. W.A. Hammond.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Hints for Country House-Builders, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Calvert Vaux.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>The Gift Of Memory</b>, and Other Papers, giving Instances of Self-Help, by</td><td align='right'><b>Samuel Smiles.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>A New Profession for Young Men.</b>The Opportunities for Young Men as Electrical Engineers, by</td><td align='right'><b>Thomas A. Edison.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>At the Age Of Twenty-One.</b>A Series of Papers showing what Great Men +had accomplished, and what they proposed doing, at that period of +their lives, by</td><td align='right'><b>Edwin P. Whipple.</b></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>Original Poems.</b></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0"><b>BY ALFRED TENNYSON,</b><br /></span> +<span class="i2"><b>VICTOR HUGO,</b><br /></span> +<span class="i4"><b>THE EARL OF LYTTON,</b><br /></span> +<span class="i6"><b>J.C. WHITTIER,</b><br /></span> +<span class="i8"><b>T.B. ALDRICH,</b><br /></span> +<span class="i10"><b>DR. CHARLES MACKAY,</b><br /></span> +<span class="i12"><b>And Many Others.</b><br /></span> +</div></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>Illustrated Adventure and Travel.</b></p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Shark-Hunting, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>T.B. Luce.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Four Amusing Stories, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>C.A. Stephens.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Outwitted. An Indian Adventure, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Lieut. A. Chapin.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>A Honeymoon in the Jungle, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Phil. Robinson.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Wrecked Upon a Volcanic Island, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Richard Heath.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Stories of the Cabins in the West, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>E.J. Marston.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Adventures in the Mining Districts, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>H. Fillmore.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>The Capture of Some Infernal Machines, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>William Howson.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Breaking in the Reindeer</b>, and Other Sketches of Polar Adventure, by</td> +<td align='right'><b>W.H. Gilder.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>An American in Persia</b>, by the American Minister Resident, Teheran,</td> +<td align='right'><b>S.G.W. Benjamin</b>.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>China as Seen by a Chinaman</b>, by the Editor of the Chinese American,</td> +<td align='right'><b>Wong Chin Foo.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Stories Of Menageries</b>. Incidents connected with Menagerie Life, and the Capture and Taming of Wild Beasts for Exhibition, by</td> +<td align='right'><b>S.S. Cairns.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Boys Afoot in Italy and Switzerland.</b>The Adventures of two English boys travelling abroad at an expense of one dollar a day, by</td> +<td align='right'><b>Nugent Robinson.</b></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>Reminiscences and Anecdotes.</b></p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Stage-Driver Stories, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Rose Terry Cooke.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Stories of Saddle-Bag Preachers, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>H.L. Winckley.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>My First Visit to a Newspaper Office, by</b></td><td align='right'><b>Murat Halstead.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Queen Victoria's</b> Household and Drawing-Rooms, by</td><td align='right'><b>H.W. Lucy.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Child Friendships</b> of Charles Dickens, by his Daughter,</td><td align='right'><b>Mamie Dickens.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Our Herbariums</b>; Adventures in Collecting Them, by</td><td align='right'><b>A Young Lady.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>My Pine-Apple Farm</b>, with incidents of Florida Life, by</td><td align='right'><b>C.H. Pattee.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Bigwigs</b> of the English Bench and Bar, by a London Barrister,</td><td align='right'><b>W.L. Woodroffe.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>At School with Sir Garnet Wolseley</b>, and the Life of a Page of Honor in +the Vice-Regal Court of Dublin, by</td><td align='right'><b>Nugent Robinson.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Student Waiters</b>. Some Humorous Incidents of a Summer Vacation in the +White Mountains, by</td><td align='right'><b>Child McPherson.</b></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p><b>The Editorials of the Companion</b>, without having any bias, will give +clear views of current events at home and abroad. <span class="smcap">The Children's +Page</span> will sustain its reputation for charming pictures, poems, and +stories for the little ones.</p> + +<p class='center'><b>Issued Weekly. Subscription Price, $1.75. Specimen Copies Free.</b></p> + +<p class='center' style='border-style: solid; border-width: 0.5px;'><b>SPECIAL OFFER</b>.—To any one who subscribes now, and sends us $1.75, we +will send the Companion free to January 1st, 1884, and a full year's +subscription from that date.</p> + +<p>Address,</p> + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i2"><b>PERRY MASON & CO.,</b><br /></span> +<span class="i4">41 TEMPLE PLACE, BOSTON, MASS.<br /></span> +</div></div> + + +<p><i>Please mention where you read this Advertisement</i>.</p><p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 12]<a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-12a.png" width="500" height="155" alt="Household." title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For nothing lovelier can be found<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In woman than to study <i>household</i> good.—<i>Milton.</i><br /></span> +</div></div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="THE_SCHOOL-MARMS_STORY" id="THE_SCHOOL-MARMS_STORY"></a>THE SCHOOL-MARM'S STORY.</h2> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">A frosty chill was in the air—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">How plainly I remember—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The bright autumnal fires had paled,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Save here and there an ember;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The sky looked hard, the hills were bare,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And there were tokens everywhere<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That it had come—November.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I locked the time-worn school-house door,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The village seat of learning.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Across the smooth, well trodden path<br /></span> +<span class="i2">My homeward footstep turning;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My heart a troubled question bore,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And in my mind, as oft before,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">A vexing thought was burning.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Why is it up hill all the way?"<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Thus ran my meditations:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The lessons had gone wrong that day<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And I had lost my patience.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"Is there no way to soften care,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And make it easier to bear<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Life's sorrows and vexations?"<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Across my pathway through the wood<br /></span> +<span class="i2">A fallen tree was lying;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">On this there sat two little girls,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And one of them was crying.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I heard her sob: "And if I could,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'd get my lessons awful good,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">But what's the use of trying?"<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And then the little hooded head<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Sank on the other's shoulder.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The little weeper sought the arms<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That opened to enfold her.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Against the young heart, kind and true,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She nestled close, and neither knew<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That I was a beholder.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And then I heard—ah! ne'er was known<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Such judgment without malice,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor queenlier council ever heard<br /></span> +<span class="i2">In senate, house or palace!—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"I should have failed there, I am sure,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Don't be discouraged; try once more,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And I will help you, Alice."<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"And I will help you." This is how<br /></span> +<span class="i2">To soften care and grieving;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Life is made easier to bear<br /></span> +<span class="i2">By helping and by giving.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Here was the answer I had sought,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And I, the teacher, being taught<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The secret of true living.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If "I will help you" were the rule.<br /></span> +<span class="i2">How changed beyond all measure<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Life would become! Each heavy load<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Would be a golden treasure;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pain and vexation be forgot;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hope would prevail in every lot,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And life be only pleasure.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 8em;">—<i>Wolstan Dixey.</i></span></p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="A_Chat_About_the_Fashions" id="A_Chat_About_the_Fashions"></a>A Chat About the Fashions.</h2> + +<p>Although the lady readers of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> have probably +by this time made up the heavier part of their winter wardrobe, still a +few suggestions may not be out of place, for the "fashions" is a subject +of which we seldom tire.</p> + +<p>In discussing the subject of silk and silk-culture at the late Woman's +Congress, Mrs Julia Ward Howe said that "although silk is said to be +depreciating in value, and is not quite as popular as formerly, yet we +must confess it lies very near the feminine heart," at which statement +an audible smile passed over the audience, as each one acknowledged to +herself its truth.</p> + +<p>We are glad to see that wrappers are becoming quite "the thing" for +afternoon home wear, and a lady now need not feel at all out of place +receiving her callers in a pretty, gracefully made wrapper. The Watteau +wrapper is made of either silk or brocaded woolen goods, conveniently +short, the back cut square at the neck, and folded in a handsome Watteau +plait at the center, with a full ruche effect. A yolk portion of silk +fills in the open neck and is sewed flatly underneath to the back. The +side seams are curved so that a clinging effect is produced at the +sides. Jabbots of lace extending down the front, and a prettily bowed +ribbon at the right shoulder, with a standing collar at the neck, and a +linen choker collar give the finishing touches to the toilette.</p> + +<p>Velvets and velveteens seem to be taking the place of silk, and are +really quite as cheap. In fact, velveteens are cheaper, as they are so +much wider. A suit of velveteen is fashionable for any occasion—for +receptions, church or street costume. The redingote or polonaise is very +stylish and pretty, especially for a tall, rather slight person. For a +young miss the close-fitting frock coat, with pointed vest effectively +disclosed between the cut-away edges of the coat fronts, is much worn. +The latter curve away from the shoulders and are nicely rounded off at +their lower front corners. An underarm dart gives a smooth adjustment +over each hip, and in these darts are inserted the back edges of the +vest. Buttons and buttonholes close the vest, but the coat fronts do not +meet at all. The coat and long-pointed overskirt can be made of any +heavy material, but the vest should be of silk; a deep box-plait on the +bottom of the underskirt made of silk to match the vest will make the +suit very stylish and pretty.</p> + +<p>There ought to be great satisfaction among the wearers of bonnets and +hats this season, because they can so easily have what they want—big or +little, plain or decorated, as they please. For a person with dark hair, +gold braid loosely put around the edge of a velvet capote is very +becoming. Bunches of tips are worn much more than the long, drooping +plumes, though both are fashionable; while birds—sometimes as many as +three on a hat—are often preferred to either. We notice upon the street +a great many elegantly dressed ladies with but a single band of wide +velvet ribbon fastened somewhat carelessly around the bonnet and tied in +a bow under the chin. Unique it may be, but undoubtedly the taste of the +wearer, would be the verdict of the passer by. In fact, one can scarcely +be out of the fashion in the choice of a bonnet or hat, but care should +be taken that it be just the thing for the wearer, and that it be +properly put on.</p> + +<p>I firmly believe in the doctrine that "good clothes tendeth toward +grace." What woman can not talk better when she knows she looks well? +She can then forget herself and lose all self-consciousness, which is a +state most devoutly to be desired by all women—particularly our young +women. So, girls, study your costumes, especially the "superfluities," +or "furbelows," as they are wont to be called; make yourselves look as +pretty as you possibly can—and then forget yourselves.</p> + +<p>I wish all our lady readers might have been here the holiday week, for +the stores were perfect bowers of beauty. It was a pretty sight in +itself to watch the crowds of happy-faced children, with their little +pocket-books in their hands, at the various counters buying presents for +father, mother, brothers, and sisters. Children always enjoy Christmas +more when they can make, as well as receive, presents. So I hope all our +little readers were made happy by both giving and receiving.</p> + +<p>I am sorry I could not give you a more satisfactory talk on the +fashions, but our space is limited this week. I hope the ladies will not +forget that our "Household" department is open to them, and that they +will contribute anything that may be of interest to the others.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mary Howe</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="A_Kitchen_Silo" id="A_Kitchen_Silo"></a>A Kitchen Silo.</h2> + +<p>The farmer's wife in the Netherlands has long been using a sort of a +silo. Probably she had been doing so for long years before M. Geoffrey +began experimenting with preserved stock food in France. The Netherland +housewife's silo consists of an earthenware jar about two feet tall. +Into one of these jars in summer time she places the kidney bean; in +another shelled green peas; in another broad beans, and so on. Making a +layer about six inches deep in each. She sprinkles a little salt on top +and presses the whole firmly down. Then she adds another layer and more +salt. She leaves a light weight on top to keep all well pressed down and +exclude the air, in the intervals between pickings for often the harvest +of a single day will not fill the jar. When full, she puts on a heavier +weight, and covers all with brown paper. She thus has green vegetables +preserved for winter. The ensilage is said to be "more or less good, +according to taste."</p> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p><a name="household_items" id="household_items"></a></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chicken Salad</span>: Two common sized fowls, one teacup of good salad +oil, half a jar of French sweet mustard, the hard-boiled yolks of ten +eggs, half a pint of vinegar, one teaspoonful of cayenne pepper, eight +heads of celery, one teaspoon of salt or a little more if required. Cut +and mix the chicken and celery and set away in a cool place. Mash the +eggs to a paste with the oil, then add the vinegar and other things, mix +thoroughly, but do not pour it over the salad until about half an hour +before serving, as the celery may become wilted.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Soft Gingerbread</span>: One cup butter and two cups sugar well worked +together, three eggs well beaten in, one cup New Orleans molasses, one +cup good sweet milk and five cups of flour into which has been stirred +one teaspoonful baking powder, not heaped, two tablespoonfuls ground +cinnamon and one tablespoonful ground ginger. Bake in small dripping +pans not too full, as they will rise.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mixture</span> of two parts of glycerine, one part ammonia, and a +little rose water whitens and softens the hands.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h3>OUR BOOKS.</h3> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>Books Free!</b></p> + + +<p>Good books are valued by intelligent men and women more than silver and +gold. They are treasures in every home. They are to the mind what light +and heat are to plants. They</p> + +<p class='center'><b><i>Store the Mind with Useful Knowledge</i>;</b></p> + +<p>the mind directs the hands. An intelligent man has an advantage over one +who is ignorant, whether he is a farmer, or mechanic, or merchant, and +is surer of success in his occupation. Think how</p> + +<p class='center'><b><i>Losses of Time and Money may be Saved</i></b></p> + +<p>by having some book at hand containing just the information desired in +some line of the rural industries. We offer an excellent opportunity for +any one to obtain BOOKS FREE for himself or family, and also for +societies, farmers' clubs, and associations to make additions to a +library, or to start one.</p> + +<p>These books comprise standard works, and the latest and best books for</p> + +<p> +<b>Farmers, Stockmen,</b><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><b>Dairymen, Fruit-Growers,</b></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gardeners, Florists,</b></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><b>Poultrymen, Apiarists,</b></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><b>Silk-Culturists, Housekeepers,</b></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5em;"><b>Architects, Etc., Etc.</b></span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer Publishing Company</span> will give to any person, +association, or club, who will obtain and send subscribers to <span class="smcap">The +Prairie Farmer</span> (including both new subscribers and renewals), at +the regular price of the paper ($2) each, any of the books contained in +our Book List on the following terms:</p> + +<p>For <span class="smcap">three</span> subscribers, books to the amount of $1.50.</p> + +<p>For <span class="smcap">four</span> subscribers, books to the amount of $2.00.</p> + +<p>For <span class="smcap">five</span> subscribers, books to the amount of $2.50.</p> + +<p>For <span class="smcap">six</span> subscribers, books to the amount of $3.00.</p> + +<p>For <span class="smcap">seven</span> subscribers, books to the amount of $3.50.</p> + +<p>For <span class="smcap">eight</span> subscribers, books to the amount of $4.00</p> + +<p>For <span class="smcap">ten</span> subscribers, books to the amount of $5.00.</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b><i>For Twelve Subscriptions and Upward</i></b>,</p> + +<p class='center'><b>A Dollar's Worth of Books for Every Two Subscriptions sent at $2.00 +each.</b></p> + +<p>All books given under these offers will be delivered at our office, No. +150 Monroe street.</p> + +<p>If it is desired that they shall be forwarded by express, they will be +packed and delivered at the express office by us, the receiver to pay +cost of carriage.</p> + +<p>Sent by mail to any part of the United States or Canada, the postage +will be seven cents on each dollar's worth of books.</p> + +<p>It is necessary that parties to whom the books are given shall remit us +the postage before the books are sent.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>A Dictionary Free!</b></p> + +<p>This is no catchpenny affair, but a valuable lexicon. It is the popular</p> + +<p class='center'><b>AMERICAN DICTIONARY</b>,</p> + +<p>on the basis of Webster, Worcester, Johnson, and other eminent American +and English authorities. It contains over 32,000 words, with accurate +definitions, proper spelling, and exact pronunciation; to which is added +a mass of valuable information. It is enriched with 400 illustrations.</p> + +<p class='center'><b>REMEMBER</b>,</p> + +<p>every subscriber at the regular price of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> +gets this Dictionary FREE, if preferred to our commercial map.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>HERE IS ANOTHER</b>.</p> + +<p class='center'> +<span style='font-size: large;'><b>ROPP'S CALCULATOR</b></span><br /> +<b>And Account Book for 1884.</b></p> + +<p>This is the most useful thing in the way of a memorandum book and +calculator ever issued. It is a work of nearly 80 pages of printed +matter and an equal number of blank leaves, ruled, for keeping accounts. +The contents include a vast array of practical calculations, 100,000 or +more in number, arranged for reference like a dictionary, so that a +farmer or business man may turn to the figures, and find the answer to +any problem in business.</p> + +<p>There are three kinds. We use No. 3. Full leather; assorted colors, with +flap, slate pocket, and a renewable account book, ruled with divisions +or headings especially adapted to farmers' use. The retail price of +this book in leather is $1. We will send it <span class="smcap">free</span> to every +subscriber to <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> who sends us $2. Or we will +send <span class="smcap">three</span> copies of No. 1, the cheaper issue.</p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>AND YET ANOTHER.</b></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>American Etiquette and Rules of Politeness.</b></p> + +<p>It is the latest and best standard work recommended and endorsed by all +who have read it. The acknowledged authority. Beautifully and +appropriately illustrated; handsomely and substantially bound. It +contains 38 chapters, treating on all subjects relating to etiquette. We +send this book—plain edition, to any subscriber desiring it who sends +$2.00 for <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> year, or for two subscribers to +<span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> at $2 each, we will send American Etiquette +bound in English cloth, burnished edges.</p> + +<p>Our large and varied premium list will be issued in a few days. Send for +it.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>MISCELLANEOUS.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'>TO PRESERVE THE HEALTH</p> + +<p class='center'>Use the Magneton Appliance Co.'s</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>MAGNETIC LUNG PROTECTOR!</b></p> + + +<p class='center'>PRICE ONLY $5.</p> + +<p>They are priceless to LADIES, GENTLEMEN, and CHILDREN with WEAK LUNGS; +no case of PNEUMONIA OR CROUP is ever known where these garments are +worn. They also prevent and cure HEART DIFFICULTIES, COLDS, RHEUMATISM, +NEURALGIA, THROAT TROUBLES, DIPHTHERIA, CATARRH, AND ALL KINDRED +DISEASES. Will WEAR any service for THREE YEARS. Are worn over the +under-clothing.</p> + +<p><span style='font-size: x-large;'>CATARRH</span>, It is needless to describe the symptoms of this nauseous +disease that is sapping the life and strength of only too many of the +fairest and best of both sexes. Labor, study, and research in America, +Europe, and Eastern lands, have resulted in the Magnetic Lung Protector, +affording cure for Catarrh, a remedy which contains No Drugging of the +System, and with the continuous stream of Magnetism permeating through +the afflicted organs; <span class="smcap">must restore them to a healthy action.</span> +<span class="smcap">We place our price</span> for this Appliance at less than +one-twentieth of the price asked by others for remedies upon which you +take all the chances, and <span class="smcap">we especially invite</span> the patronage of +the <span class="smcap">many persons</span> who have tried <span class="smcap">drugging the stomachs +without effect.</span></p> + +<p><span style='font-size: x-large;'>HOW TO OBTAIN</span> This Appliance. Go to your druggist and ask for them. If +they have not got them, write to the proprietors, enclosing the price, +in letter at our risk, and they will be sent to you at once by mail, +post paid.</p> + +<p>Send stamp for the "New Departure in Medical Treatment <span class="smcap">without +medicine</span>," with thousands of testimonials,</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">THE MAGNETON APPLIANCE CO.,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">218 State Street, Chicago, Ill.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Note</span>.—Send one dollar in postage stamps or currency (in letter +at our risk) with size of shoe usually worn, and try a pair of our +Magnetic Insoles, and be convinced of the power residing in our Magnetic +Appliances. Positively <i>no cold feet where they are worn, or money +refunded</i>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>CLUB RATES.</b></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>To Our Readers.</b></p> + +<p>THE PRAIRIE FARMER is the <b>Oldest, Most Reliable,</b> and the <b>Leading +Agricultural Journal of the Great Northwest,</b> devoted exclusively to the +interests of the Farmer, Gardener, Florist, Stock Breeder, Dairyman, +Etc., and every species of Industry connected with that great portion of +the People of the World, the Producers. Now in the Forty-Second Year of +its existence, and never, during more than two score years, having +missed the regular visit to its patrons, it will continue to maintain +supremacy as a <b>Standard Authority on matters pertaining to Agriculture +and kindred Productive Industries,</b> and as a <b>Fresh and Readable Family +and Fireside Journal.</b> It will from time to time add new features of +interest, securing for each department the ablest writers of practical +experience.</p> + +<p>THE PRAIRIE FARMER will discuss, without fear or favor, all topics of +interest properly belonging to a Farm and Fireside Paper, treat of the +most approved practices in <b>Agriculture, Horticulture, Breeding, Etc.;</b> +the varied Machinery, Implements, and improvements in same, for use both +in Field and House; and, in fact, everything of interest to the +Agricultural community, whether in <b>Field, Market, or Home Circle.</b></p> + +<p><b>It will give information upon the public domain, Western soils, +climate, etc.; answer Inquiries</b> on all manner of subjects which come +within its sphere; <b>give</b> each week, full and <b>reliable Market, Crop, +and Weather Reports; present</b> the family with choice and <b>interesting +literature</b>; amuse and <b>instruct the young folks: and</b>, in a word, aim +to be, in every respect, <b>an indispensable and unexceptionable farm</b> and +fireside <b>companion</b>.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>Terms of Subscription and 'Club Rates':</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><b>One</b></td><td align='left'><b>Copy,</b></td><td align='left'><b> 1 Year</b>,</td><td align='left'>postage paid</td><td align='right'><b>$2.00</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Two</b></td><td align='left'><b>Copies,</b></td><td align='center'> "</td><td align='left'> "</td><td align='right'><b>3.75</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Five</b></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>sent at one time</td><td align='right'><b>8.75</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Ten</b></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>sent at one time, and one to Club getter</td><td align='right'><b>16.00</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><b>Twenty</b></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>sent at one time, and one to Club getter</td><td align='right'><b>30.00</b></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Address</span><br /> +<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Prairie Farmer Publishing Co.,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Chicago. Ill.</span></p> + + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large'><b>Self Cure Free</b></p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" width="50%"> +<tr><td align='left'>Nervous</td><td align='center'>Lost</td><td align='right'>Weakness</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Debility</td><td align='center'>Manhood</td><td align='right'>and Decay</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>A favorite prescription of a noted specialist (now retired.) +Druggists can fill it. Address</p> + +<p><b>DR. WARD & CO., LOUISIANA, MO.</b></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 13]<a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-13a.png" width="500" height="248" alt="OUR YOUNG FOLKS" title="" /> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="A_Talk_About_the_Lion" id="A_Talk_About_the_Lion"></a>A Talk About the Lion.</h2> + +<p>We wonder how many of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> boys and girls have +seen the lion, "king of beasts," as he is called. Perhaps not all of you +as yet, though many of you doubtless will as the years roll on—and, by +the way, you will find that the older you grow the more quickly will +they speed away. So be careful in this, the beautiful springtime of your +lives, to so cultivate and make ready the garden of your minds that the +coming manhood and womanhood may not only find you with well developed +arms and limbs and muscles, ready to face the world and to help lift +some of its burdens, but also with a mind that has kept even pace with +the body—because of constant <i>growth</i>.</p> + +<p>We think we will have to depart from our usual natural history articles +some day, and have a talk with the boys and girls on this subject of +growth—growth in its largest, broadest sense, the mind, soul, and body +all growing together into the stature of a perfect man.</p> + +<p>But to return to the lion. This animal is the largest of the cat family +and is found, only in Asia and Africa. The Asiatic lion is not so large +nor so fierce as the African, and has a much smaller mane. The mane of +the African lion is long and thick, and gives the animal a very noble +appearance; the female, however, has no mane. The lion is always of one +color, that is, without spots or stripes, generally tawny, though the +mane is dark sometimes nearly black. The lion gets its full growth when +seven or eight years old, and lives usually about twenty-five years, +though some have been known to live much longer in menageries.</p> + +<p>These animals see much better in the night than in the day, so they +generally hide away during the day and search for food in the gray dawn +of the morning. They feed chiefly on antelopes, zebras, giraffes, and +wild cattle. It is said that the lion rarely attacks man, only in cases +of extreme hunger; indeed, they seem somewhat afraid of man. Dr. +Livingstone says that when the lion meets a man in daylight it will stop +two or three seconds to stare at him, then turn slowly round and walk +off a few steps, looking over its shoulder, then begin to trot, and when +at last he thinks he is no longer seen will bound away like a hare. The +Doctor says also, that the roar of the lion is very like the cry of the +ostrich, but the former roars only at night, however, while the latter +cries only by day.</p> + +<p>Did you not think it wonderful when you saw for the first time, perhaps, +a keeper walk boldly into the lions' cage, when in their natural state +they are so very fierce and wild? Well, we think it is wonderful, +although the keepers tell us that they are easily tamed.</p> + +<p>In ancient times they were used in many more ways than they are now. +Hanno, the Carthaginian general, had a lion to carry his baggage, and +Mark Antony often rode through the streets of Rome in a chariot drawn by +lions. A short time ago we read a story of a slave named Androclus, who, +while hiding away from his master in the deserts of Africa, cured a lion +of lameness by pulling a thorn out of its foot. The slave was afterward +caught, carried to Rome, and condemned to be eaten by the wild beasts. +He was thrown into a lion's den, but the beast, instead of killing him +fawned upon him and showed the greatest delight at seeing him; Androclus +was surprised to find that it was the same lion whose foot he had cured +in the desert. The Emperor, it is said, was so much pleased at the sight +that he gave the slave his pardon, and presented him also with the lion, +after which he used to lead the great beast tamely through the streets, +held simply by a little chain.</p> + +<p>In modern times, also, lions have been known to exhibit strong +friendship for man. In 799, two lions in the Jardin des Plantes (Garden +of Plants), at Paris, became so fond of their keeper that when he was +taken sick they gave signs of the greatest sorrow, and when he recovered +and came back to them they rushed to meet him, roaring with joy, +meanwhile licking his hands and face.</p> + +<p>Perhaps you have read of Theodorus, King of Abyssinia (he killed himself +in 1868), who used to keep several tame lions in his palace and treated +them almost like dogs.</p> + +<p>Travelers tell us, too, that these great animals often show fondness for +other animals, as, for instance, an old lioness belonging to the Dublin +Zoological Gardens was taken sick, and was greatly annoyed by the rats. +At last a little terrier dog was put into the cage, but was received by +the lioness with a surly growl; finally when the old animal saw the +little dog could kill her enemies, the rats, she coaxed him to her, and +petted and fondled him, so that they soon became great friends.</p> + +<p>The lion is a mammal of the order carnivora, or flesh-eating animals.</p> + +<p>The word lion comes from the Latin leo, Greek leon, lion.</p> + +<p>Would you like me to tell you next week about a bear I saw upon the +hills of Nova Scotia, near the scene of Longfellow's beautiful +Evangeline, a few months ago?</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mary Howe</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2><a name="A_Jack-knife_Genius" id="A_Jack-knife_Genius"></a>A Jack-knife Genius.</h2> + + +<p>St. Louis Post-Dispatch: William Yohe claims to be the champion +jack-knife artist of the day, although he was born in St. Louis and not +Yankeedom. A reporter heard of this professional lacerator of pine +sticks and sought him out. It was not until the inside of an unused +Methodist church at Kirkwood, this county, was reached that Mr. Yohe and +his knife was cornered. The knife was slashing cigar-boxes to pieces at +railway speed when the reporter opened up with: "Are you the man who +makes an automatic world's fair and St. Louis Exposition with a knife?"</p> + +<p>"No, that isn't what I call it. I am making what I call the Missouri +Pacific and Strasburg Cathedral Automatic Wonder, with the Golden Ark of +the Covenant. It will contain over 180,000 pieces and will have 1,100 +moving and working figures."</p> + +<p>All around the gaunt and dismantled church were piles of cigar-boxes and +laths and myriads of nicely-carved pieces of wood, apparently portions +of models of buildings. The whittler was a small man, with keen eyes and +ready tongue and about thirty-six years of age. In the course of an +hour's conversation he said in substance: "I didn't know that I was +anything extra of a whittler until about 1869, when, in a small way, I +made some models. I was in Texas working at millwrighting. The first +large piece I ever made was a model of a Bermuda castle. Afterward I +made Balmoral Castle, Bingen Castle, Miramar Castle, and the Texas State +Capitol at Austin. Solomon's Temple contained 12,268 pieces and had +1,369 windows. It is now on exhibition in Texas. The Austin Capitol +Building has 62,844 pieces and 561 moving people. Every room and +department in the building was given, with all the officers and +legislators. Everybody was represented, down to the man sawing wood in +the basement for the furnaces. All the figures were moved by a wooden +engine, which was run by sand falling on an overshot wheel. I made this +piece at odd moments in 1881.</p> + +<p>"I have just hired this church and begun steady work. I shall sleep and +eat in this church until about May 1, next. The material? Yes, it does +take considerable. I have already used up 967 cigar boxes and 300 laths. +It will take in all 1,800 cigar boxes, 500 laths, and 500 feet of +lumber. The cigar boxes I get for one cent each. I used no tools except +my knife."</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<p><a name="little_Johnny" id="little_Johnny"></a></p> +<p><span class="smcap">Little</span> Johnny Botts found a garter snake in the park the other +day and he brought it home and hid it in the piano. When his sister's +young man opened the instrument that evening to play "For Goodness Sake" +he thought he had 'em and yelled like a Piute on the war-hath. They +won't believe in Johnny's innocence somehow, and his father said that +after dinner he'd attend to his case. When the family sat down to table +Johnny solemnly entered the room in his stocking feet and carrying a +pillow which he placed on his chair before sitting down. "What new +monkey shine is that?" growled old Botts. "S-s-s-h, pa," said Johnny +anxiously; "I was playing fireworks with Billy Simson this afternoon and +I swallowed a torpedo." "Did, eh?" "Yes, and if anything should touch me +kinder hard I might go off and all bust up."</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>Three Thousand Dollars</b></p> + +<p>in prizes is offered by the <span class="smcap">Youth's Companion</span> for the best +short stories either for boys, for girls, humorous stories, or stories +of adventure, to be sent them before May 20th, 1884. The terms and +conditions of the competition are issued in a circular—for which all +who desire to compete are invited to send.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sin</span> is very much like the ordinary North American mule. It may +be very tame and docile at the front, but in the rear there is always a +sly kick hidden away and you'd better be on your guard.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-13b.png" width="500" height="164" alt="OUR BOOK TABLE" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><a name="BOOKS_RECEIVED" id="BOOKS_RECEIVED"></a>BOOKS RECEIVED.</h2> + +<p class="blockquot">ARIUS THE LIBYAN: <span class="smcap">An Idyl of the Primitive Church</span>. Author +unknown. <span class="smcap">New York</span>: D. Appleton & Co. <span class="smcap">Chicago</span>: Jansen, +McClurg & Co. 12mo. Cloth. Price, $1.50.</p> + +<p>This is a romance of the church in the latter part of the third and the +beginning of the fourth centuries. The scene is laid near Cyrene, A.D. +265. It is an exquisitely written idyl of primitive Christian life, and +can not fail to attract a great deal of attention, especially now that +the public mind is being turned in the direction of early church +history. It deals in a powerful, yet simple, manner with that subtle +question, the Trinity of the Godhead, and gives the reader many new +thoughts in connection with it. The characters portrayed awaken an +unusual degree of interest, being as they are, persons eminent in +history, both secular and religious. As one follows the story to its +close he can not but agree with the author, that Arius, the hero and +arch-heretic of the Nicene age, was "one of the grandest, purest, least +understood, and most systematically misrepresented characters in human +history." The latter portion of the book brings out, prominently, the +real character of Constantine, stigmatized by Arius as "that unbaptised +pagan, the flamen of Jupiter." The noble plan of the book and the grave +importance of the questions that agitate the characters, combine to make +it a valuable production to both believer and skeptic.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class="blockquot">THE ORGANS OF SPEECH. By G.H. Von Meyer, Professor In Ordinary of +Anatomy at the University of Zurich. <span class="smcap">New York</span>: D. Appleton & +Co. <span class="smcap">Chicago</span>: Jansen, McClurg & Co. 12 mo. Cloth. Price $1.75.</p> + +<p>This book is the forty-sixth volume in the international scientific +series, and needs no better introduction than the well-known name of the +author. The subject of the organs of speech and their application in the +formation of articulate sounds is treated in a masterly and exhaustive +manner. The object of the author has been not merely "to enter into the +field of discussion upon the various modifications of sounds, * * but to +bring forward a sufficient number of examples in confirmation of the +laws explained," in which purpose he has most admirably succeeded. The +work contains forty-seven wood cuts, and will be a valuable addition to +any library. We would recommend it especially to teachers of vocal music +and declamation.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class="blockquot">FIFTY YEARS' RECOLLECTIONS. By Jeriah Bonham <span class="smcap">Peoria, Ill</span>.: J.W. +Franks & Sons. Sold by subscription.</p> + +<p>This is a carefully compiled work, giving the author's observations and +reflections on the historical events of Illinois for the past fifty +years, it also gives very interesting and full biographical sketches of +many of the prominent men who have, during this time, figured in the +affairs of the State, so far as Mr. Bonham's personal acquaintanceship +and recollections extend. The sketches, condensed, yet complete, of the +sixteen Governors of Illinois, from Shadrach Bond, the first Governor, +down to the present time are especially interesting. The book will be +enjoyed by the old settlers of the State on account of its personal +reminiscences, which are all true, not drawn from the imagination.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p>The Youth's Companion, Boston, is another famous, and deservedly so, +American juvenile publication. It has attained an immense circulation. +Among its contributors are a score or more of the most talented American +authors. It is edited with great care and ability. See advertisement on +another page.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p>From W.D. Hoard, a report of the proceedings of the eleventh annual +Dairymen's Association of Wisconsin, held at Elk Horn, January 31 and +February 1-2, 1883. The pamphlet was compiled by D.W. Curtis, Secretary +of the association, Fort Atkinson, Wis.</p> + +<p>The second edition of Bee-Keeping for Profit: A New System of Bee +Management, by Mrs. Lizzie E. Cotton, West Gorham, Me. Illustrated. +Price, $1.00.</p> + +<p>Seventeenth annual report of the Northwestern Dairymen's Association, +with addresses and discussions delivered at the meeting held at Mankato, +Minn., February 14-16, 1883. R.P. McGlincy, Secretary, Elgin, Ill.</p> + +<p>The Florida Annual. Edited by C.K. Munroe, 140 Nassau st., New Fork. +Price, 50 cts.</p> + +<p>How to Become a Good Mechanic. The Industrial Publication Co., New York. +Price, 15 cents.</p> + +<p>Tennessee Crop Report for November, 1883, with the report of the +Tennessee Weather Service. 49 South Market st., Nashville, Tenn.</p> + +<p>From C.V. Riley, Bulletin No. 3 of U.S. Department of Agriculture: +Division of Entomology. Contains reports of observations and experiments +in the practical work of the Division, made under the direction of the +entomologist. With plates.</p> + +<p>Landreth's Rural Register and Almanac. Philadelphia, Penn.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h3><b>BREEDERS DIRECTORY.</b></h3> + +<p>The following list embraces the names of responsible and reliable +Breeders in their line, and parties wishing to purchase or obtain +information can feel assured that they will be honorably dealt with:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>CATTLE.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>Jersey.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>Mills, Charles F.</td><td align='center'></td><td align='center'>Springfield, Illinois</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>HORSES.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>Clydesdales.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>Mills, Charles F.</td><td align='center'></td><td align='center'>Springfield, Illinois</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>SWINE.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>Berkshire.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>Mills, Charles F.</td><td align='center'></td><td align='center'>Springfield, Illinois</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>Chester Whites.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>W.A. Gilbert</td><td align='center'></td><td align='center'>Wauwatosa Wis.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>SHEEP.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'></td><td align='center'><b>Cotswold.</b></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>Mills, Charles F.</td><td align='center'></td><td align='center'>Springfield, Illinois</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>LIVE STOCK, Etc.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>DR. W.A. PRATT.</b></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-13c.png" width="500" height="307" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class='center'>IMPORTER AND BREEDER OF</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>THOROUGHBRED HOLSTEIN CATTLE</b></p> + +<p>100 head on hand Oct. 1st.</p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">DR. W.A. PRATT,</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 4em;">Elgin, Ill.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'><b>SCOTCH COLLIE</b></p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>SHEPHERD PUPS,</b></p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">—FROM—</span></p> + +<p class='center'><b>IMPORTED AND TRAINED STOCK</b></p> + +<p class='center'>—ALSO—</p> + +<p class='center'><b>Newfoundland Pups and Rat Terrier Pups.</b></p> + +<p>Concise and practical printed instruction in Training young Shepherd +Dogs, is given to buyers of Shepherd Puppies; or will be sent on receipt +of 25 cents in postage stamps.</p> + +<p>For Printed Circular, giving full particulars about Shepherd Dogs, +enclose a 3-cent stamp, and address</p> + +<p class='center'><b>N.H. PAAREN,</b></p> + +<p><b>P.O. Box 326, CHICAGO. ILL</b></p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>MISCELLANEOUS.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>I CURE FITS!</b></p> + +<p>When I say cure I do not mean merely to stop them for a time and then +have them return again, I mean a radical cure. I have made the disease +of FITS, EPILEPSY or FALLING SICKNESS a life-long study. I warrant my +remedy to cure the worst cases. Because others have failed is no reason +for not now receiving a cure. Send at once for a treatise and a Free +Bottle of my infallible remedy. Give Express and Post Office. It costs +you nothing for a trial, and I will cure you.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 2em;">Address Dr. H.G. ROOT, 183 Pearl St., New York.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 100px;"> +<img src="images/illus-13d.png" width="100" height="92" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class='center'>80 CARDS</p> + +<p class='center'>BEST QUALITY.</p> + +<p>New designs in Satin and Gold finish, with name, 10 cts. We offer $100 +for a pack of cards any nicer work, or prettier styles.</p> + +<p><i>Samples free.</i> Eagle Card Works, New Haven, Ct.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class='center'><b>MISCELLANEOUS.</b></p> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-13e.png" width="500" height="304" alt="SEEDS FOR THE GARDEN, FARM & FIELD." title="" /> +</div> + +<p class='center'>ESTABLISHED 1845.</p> + +<p>Our Annual Catalogue, mailed free on application, published first of +every January, contains full description and prices of <b>Reliable +Vegetable, Tree, Field and Flower Seed, Seed Grain, Seed Corn, Seed +Potatoes, Onion Sets, etc; also Garden Drills, Cultivators, Fertilizers, +etc.,</b> with full information for growing and how to get our Seeds.</p> + +<p class="center">Address PLANT SEED COMPANY,<br /> +Nos. 812 & 814 N. 4th St., ST. LOUIS, MO.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large;">FAY GRAPES</p> + +<p>CURRANT HEADQUARTERS ALL BEST NEW AND OLD.</p> + +<p>SMALL FRUITS AND TREES. LOW TO DEALERS AND PLANTERS. +STOCK First-Class. Free Catalogues. GEO. S. JOSSELYN, Fredonia, N.Y.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 14]<a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-14a.png" width="500" height="149" alt="Literature" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><a name="ROBIN_DEAR_ROBIN" id="ROBIN_DEAR_ROBIN"></a>ROBIN, DEAR ROBIN!</h2> + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Robin, dear Robin, could you come back to me,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Back to the hame you'll never mair see,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Could you sit down at evening and crack wi' me,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Oh, what a proud, happy woman I'd be!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">On the white hearth the fire should burn clearly,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Nothing of comfort or rest you should lack,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And I would always be kindly and cheery,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Could you come back to me—could you come back.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, Robin, Robin, I've miss'd you fu' sairly,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Morning, and evening, and a' the day long;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Many have treated me unca unfairly:<br /></span> +<span class="i2">O for your arm so tender and strong:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If once again in your love I could hide me,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Little I'd care though all else I should lack<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Sairly I'm needing your wisdom to guide me,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Oh, my lost darling, if you could come back!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Never again with frowns would I greet you;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Never again to your love be unkind;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ever with kisses and smiles I would meet you;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Oh, in the days that are gone I was blind!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Oh, I was selfish, and foolish, and fretful,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Now I remember—remember in vain;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But I would never be cross or forgetful,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Could you come back to me, darling, again!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">No, you will never come back to me—never!<br /></span> +<span class="i2">But I shall come to you, Robin, some day.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then you will ken a' my loving endeavor,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Just to grow better since you went away.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Yes, you will ken, in that happy to-morrow,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">I hae been true to you, darling—sae true!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Asked my heart always, in joy or in sorrow,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">"Will it please Robin, the thing that I do?"<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, in that wonderfu', wonderfu' meeting,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">What shall I say to him? what will he say?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We shallna weary life's story repeating,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Seeing the end o' the sorrowfu' way.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With such a hope, then, how could I say truly,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">"Robin, dear Robin, come back unto me!"<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Heart, answer the thought sae wild and unruly,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">"Robin, dear Robin, I shall come unto thee!"<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 8em;">—<i>Harper's Weekly.</i></span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<h2><a name="MRS_WIMBUSHS_REVENGE" id="MRS_WIMBUSHS_REVENGE"></a>MRS. WIMBUSH'S REVENGE.</h2> + +<p class='center'>(<i>Concluded from last week</i>.)</p> + + +<p>It was a large picnic party. Mr. Charles Brookshank had drawn Mrs. +Wimbush's arm through his own, and strolled away from the rest.</p> + +<p>"How delightful it would be if one could know the language of birds, as +folks did in the old Hindu fairy tales! Would it not, Mr. Brookshank?"</p> + +<p>"My dear Mrs. Wimbush, they do nothing the whole day long but make love +and cry 'Sweet, sweet!' I would I were a bird, to make love in music."</p> + +<p>The widow sighed, but it was more like a purr of pleasure.</p> + +<p>"What did I know of love till you came here?" continued Mr. Charles. +"Absolutely nothing—except," he added, with reservation, "in a +professional way. And then we lawyers generally see the dark side of the +picture—the damages and the decrees nisi. But your visit has brightened +my whole life. O Mrs. Wimbush, you can not have been blind to my secret! +You have seen it written legibly in my face, and have not interposed to +check its development. I see you understand me, just as by intuitive +fine feeling you can penetrate the meaning of Mendelssohn's Songs +without Words. Mrs. Wimbush, you have already far advanced toward +learning the birds' language. I may rely upon your consent?"</p> + +<p>"Charles, this happiness is indeed too much," ejaculated the widow.</p> + +<p>"You need never be separated from your daughter Carry. A home for one is +a home for both; and I will cherish her while I live."</p> + +<p>"But, Charles dear, she may marry."</p> + +<p>"Marry, ma'am? Bless my soul, of course she will! She will marry me! She +has said so, don't you see?"</p> + +<p>Mrs. Wimbush never said another word, but fell flat down upon the grass.</p> + +<p>"What on earth has got the woman?" thought Mr. Charles. "She couldn't +have taken it worse if I had proposed to murder her daughter."</p> + +<p>In their walk they had strayed through the trees close to the outskirts +of another picnic party. Mr. Charles immediately ran to ask some fair +volunteer to come to the assistance of Mrs. Wimbush, who had fainted. At +hearing the name, an active middle-aged lady sprang up and followed him. +It was Mrs. Marrables. The sight of her mother brought Mrs. Wimbush +round quicker than any smelling bottle could have done. She sat up.</p> + +<p>"Mother, Mr. Brookshank; Mr. Brookshank, my mother, Mrs. Marrables." +They bowed. "Have the goodness to leave us together, Mr. Charles." He +bowed and obeyed. "Mother," said Mrs. Wimbush, "what on earth brought +you here? I thought you were at Taunton."</p> + +<p>"No, dear. I have been at Bournemouth three weeks, I came merely for +change. Only last week I heard of your being here, and should have +called, but have been so much occupied, and I felt sure of meeting you +somewhere, and thought the surprise might be the more agreeable. We've +had a most delightful picnic with the Mount Stewart folks. But what was +all this fainting about? One would think Mr. Brookshank had been +proposing to you."</p> + +<p>"He certainly made me a proposal mother, but I was quite unprepared for +it, and was overcome."</p> + +<p>"What an imaginative and sensitive-minded girl you must be, Matilda! You +make me feel quite young. When will you be old enough to attend to +business? You will accept him, of course? Well, do as you please; you +may reckon on my consent, you know. But I must get back to my party, and +perhaps you had better rejoin yours. Ta-ta."</p> + +<p>Jilted for her daughter! It wasn't pleasant. When Mrs. Wimbush got home, +she blew up Carry for being so sly.</p> + +<p>"Well, mamma," said Carry, "of course I thought you knew all about it. I +never made any secret of the affair. I knew very well that you had +rejected Mr. Tom, but I could not possibly suppose that was any reason +why I should refuse Charles. Of course he is older than I am, but he is +only five-and-thirty, and has a good position; and I am sure we shall +always give you a welcome; Charles said so."</p> + +<p>"Well," thought Mrs. Wimbush, "he has money, and it will be all in the +family; that's at least a comfort."</p> + +<p>The effect of the little episode of the last chapter was that the +brothers were made friends, and Tom recovered his spirits, and could +laugh heartily at what he had before supposed was his brother's rivalry.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Wimbush repented her that she had rejected Mr. Tom. Her repentance +produced a salutary desire on her part to make atonement for the past. +She would have him yet. When a widow says so much as that about a man, +let him 'ware hawk.</p> + +<p>A month went by, and behold Mrs Wimbush and Mr. Tom Brookshank seated +tete-a-tete at an evening party, where the music which was going on was +sufficiently loud to render private conversation inaudible save to those +to whom it was addressed.</p> + +<p>"I fear," said the widow, affecting an absent manner, "I treated you +very unkindly, Mr. Tom. You took me so entirely by surprise, that, +really, I—hardly know what I said. I have been very unhappy about +it—very."</p> + +<p>"Forgotten and forgiven," whispered Mr. Tom.</p> + +<p>"How generous of you! you make me so glad! because now that your brother +Charles is going to marry my daughter, we shall be in some sort related, +and I could not bear you to think unkindly of me."</p> + +<p>"No," said Mr. Tom, fidgeting a little, "I shall never do that."</p> + +<p>"How droll!" said the widow. "Let me see, what will the relationship be? +You will be my son-in-law's brother, and consequently I shall be your +mother-in-law once removed. You will have a mother younger than +yourself, Mr. Tom. I hope you will not presume upon her youth to be a +bad boy."</p> + +<p>"All this is very true," he answered; "but I see the relationship in a +far different light. I shall be your father-in-law, and consequently my +own brother's grandfather-in-law."</p> + +<p>"You mistake, Mr. Tom. Don't you see that Carry—"</p> + +<p>"No mistake at all about it, ma'am, for I've promised to marry your +mother, Mrs. Marrables!"</p> + +<p>"Monster!" cried Mrs. Wimbush aloud, and went off shrieking.</p> + +<p>The music stopped, and there was a great fuss. But above all the others +was heard the voice of Mrs. Marrables. "Don't be alarmed, pray. She is +subject to it; she went off just like that the other day at a picnic. +Poor young thing, a very little upsets her. Let me come to my little +gu-url, then."</p> + +<p>They moved her into another room. Presently Mrs. Wimbush opened her +eyes. "Mother! how dare you come near me! Go away, do! You ought to be +ashamed of yourself, at your time of life!"</p> + +<p>"My time of life! Why, I'm only fifty-four—about ten years older than +Tom. How can you talk so to your mother!"</p> + +<p>"Mother, if you don't leave the room, I will. It's really disreputable +to have you for a mother. You've never done me any credit."</p> + +<p>"My dear, I am so glad to think you feel well enough to leave the room +that I will remain."</p> + +<p>Mrs. Wimbush got up and went home.</p> + +<p>Jilted, first for her daughter, and next for her mother! This was too +much. Mrs. Wimbush went to church as regularly as any one, but revenge, +after all, is very sweet.</p> + +<p>Six weeks afterward Mrs. Wimbush recovered sufficient fortitude to go +and call on her mother.</p> + +<p>"Well, child, I'm glad you are going to be friendly; there is nothing +like harmony in a family circle. Let us consider the relationships into +which we are about to enter, that we may rightly judge of our +responsibilities and duties. I and my granddaughter are going to marry +two brothers—the consequence is, she and I will be sisters-in-law. But +as you are mother of my sister-in-law, you will nearly be my +mother-in-law, which is a very singular relationship for a daughter to +sustain toward her mother, especially when she is not the wife of one's +father-in-law. Now, as"—</p> + +<p>"Wait a moment, dear mamma; I've news for you; I'm going to marry old +Unguent! Old Mr. Brookshank has asked me to be his wife, and I've +consented. The consequence is, I shall be head of the family, and +bona-fide mother-in-law to you all. I don't think we need trouble about +harmony, for we shall be a united family, more so than any I know of."</p> + +<p>Before her marriage, Mrs. Marrables set to work to draw up a table of +the relationships involved by the three weddings. It is an extensive +work in three volumes, and when our readers see The Brookshank Family +advertised, they will know what it means.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center'> +<span style="font-size: large;">OUR</span><br /> +<span style="font-size: x-large;">New Clubbing List</span><br /> +<span style="font-size: large;">FOR 1884.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="font-size: x-large;">THE PRAIRIE FARMER</span><br /> +IN CONNECTION<br /> +<span style="font-size: large;">WITH OTHER JOURNALS.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p>We offer more liberal terms than ever before to those who desire to +take, in connection with <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>, either of the +following weekly or monthly periodicals. In all cases the order for +<span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> and either of the following named journals +must be sent together, accompanied by the money; but we do not require +both papers to be sent to the same person or to the same post-office.</p> + +<p>We send specimen copies only of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>.</p> + +<p>Our responsibility for other publications ceases on the receipt of the +first number; when such journals are not received within a reasonable +time, notify us, giving date of your order, also full name and address +of subscriber.</p> + + +<p class='center'>WEEKLIES.</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" width="80%"> +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>Price of the two.</td><td align='right'>The two for</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Weekly</td><td align='right'>$6 00</td><td align='right'>$4 60</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Bazar</td><td align='right'>6 00</td><td align='right'>4 60</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Young People</td><td align='right'>3 50</td><td align='right'>2 55</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>New York Tribune</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Toledo Blade</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>2 20</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chicago Times</td><td align='right'>3 25</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chicago Tribune</td><td align='right'>3 50</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chicago Inter-Ocean</td><td align='right'>3 15</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chicago Journal</td><td align='right'>3 25</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Peck's Sun</td><td align='right'>3 75</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Milwaukee Sentinel</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Western Farmer (Madison, Wis.)</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Burlington Hawkeye</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>The Continent (Weekly Magazine)</td><td align='right'>6 00</td><td align='right'>4 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Detroit Free Press, with Supplement</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Detroit Free Press, State edition</td><td align='right'>3 50</td><td align='right'>2 20</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Louisville Courier-Journal</td><td align='right'>3 75</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>St. Louis Globe-Democrat</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 15</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>St. Louis Republican</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 15</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Scientific American</td><td align='right'>5 20</td><td align='right'>4 15</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Interior (Presbyterian)</td><td align='right'>4 50</td><td align='right'>3 60</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Standard (Baptist)</td><td align='right'>4 70</td><td align='right'>3 60</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Advance (Congregational)</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>3 35</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Alliance</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>New York Independent</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>4 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Christian Union</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>4 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Boston Pilot (Catholic)</td><td align='right'>4 50</td><td align='right'>3 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>American Bee Journal</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Florida Agriculturist</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>2 75</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Breeder's Gazette</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>3 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Witness (N.Y.)</td><td align='right'>3 50</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Methodist (N.Y.)</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chicago News</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Globe (Boston)</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 75</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Youth's Companion</td><td align='right'>3 75</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Weekly Novelist</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>4 25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ledger (Chicago)</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 90</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p class='center'>MONTHLIES.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" width="80%"> +<tr><td align='left'>Harper's Monthly</td><td align='right'>$6 00</td><td align='right'>$4 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Atlantic Monthly</td><td align='right'>6 00</td><td align='right'>4 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Appleton's Journal</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>4 25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>The Century</td><td align='right'>6 00</td><td align='right'>4 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>North American Review</td><td align='right'>7 00</td><td align='right'>5 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Popular Science Monthly</td><td align='right'>7 00</td><td align='right'>5 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lippincott's Magazine</td><td align='right'>6 00</td><td align='right'>4 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Godey's Lady's Book</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>St. Nicholas</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>3 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Vick's Illustrated Magazine</td><td align='right'>3 25</td><td align='right'>2 25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Am. Poultry Journal (Chicago)</td><td align='right'>3 25</td><td align='right'>2 75</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Gardener's Monthly</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wide Awake</td><td align='right'>4 50</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Phrenological Journal</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>American Agriculturist</td><td align='right'>3 50</td><td align='right'>2 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Poultry World</td><td align='right'>3 25</td><td align='right'>2 75</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Arthur's Home Magazine</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Andrews' Bazar</td><td align='right'>3 00</td><td align='right'>2 40</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>4 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine</td><td align='right'>5 00</td><td align='right'>4 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Frank Leslie's Ladies' Magazine</td><td align='right'>4 50</td><td align='right'>4 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Our Little Ones</td><td align='right'>3 50</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Peterson's Magazine</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 30</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Art Amateur</td><td align='right'>6 00</td><td align='right'>5 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Demorest's Magazine</td><td align='right'>4 00</td><td align='right'>3 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Dio Lewis' Monthly</td><td align='right'>4 50</td><td align='right'>3 50</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>For clubbing price with any publication in the United States not +included in the above list send us inquiry on postal card.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span style="font-size: x-large; text-decoration: underline;">NOW</span> Is the time to Subscribe for <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span>. Price only +$2.00 per year. It is worth double the money.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class='center'><b>PUBLICATIONS.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'>MARSHALL M. KIRKMAN'S BOOKS ON RAILROAD TOPICS.</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>DO YOU WANT TO BECOME A RAILROAD MAN</b></p> + +<p class='center'><b>If You Do, the Books Described Below Point the Way.</b></p> + + +<p>The most promising field for men of talent and ambition at the present +day is the railroad service. The pay is large in many instances, while +the service is continuous and honorable. Most of our railroad men began +life on the farm. Of this class is the author of the accompanying books +descriptive of railway operations, who has been connected continuously +with railroads as a subordinate and officer for 27 years. He was brought +up on a farm, and began railroading as a lad at $7 per month. He has +written a number of standard books on various topics connected with the +organization, construction, management and policy of railroads. These +books are of interest not only to railroad men but to the general reader +as well. They are indispensable to the student. They present every phase +of railroad life, and are written in an easy and simple style that both +interests and instructs. The books are as follows:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>"RAILWAY EXPENDITURES—THEIR EXTENT, +OBJECT AND ECONOMY."—A Practical +Treatise on Construction and Operation. +In Two Volumes, 850 pages.</td><td align='right'>$4.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>"HAND BOOK OF RAILWAY EXPENDITURES."—Practical +Directions for Keeping the Expenditure Accounts.</td><td align='right'>2.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>"RAILWAY REVENUE AND ITS COLLECTION."—And +Explaining the Organization of Railroads.</td><td align='right'>2.50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>"THE BAGGAGE PARCEL AND MAIL TRAFFIC +OF RAILROADS."—An interesting work on this important service; 425 pages.</td><td align='right'>2.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>"TRAIN AND STATION SERVICE"—Giving +The Principal Rules and Regulations governing +Trains; 280 pages.</td><td align='right'>2.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>"THE TRACK ACCOUNTS OF RAILROADS."—And +how they should be kept. Pamphlet.</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>"THE FREIGHT TRAFFIC WAY-BILL."—Its +Uses Illustrated and Described. Pamphlet.</td><td align='right'>.50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>"MUTUAL GUARANTEE."—A Treatise on Mutual +Suretyship. Pamphlet.</td><td align='right'>.50</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Any of the above books will be sent post paid on receipt +of price, by</p> + +<p> +PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO.,<br /> +150 Monroe St. <span class="smcap">Chicago, Ill.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Money should be remitted by express, or by draft check or post office +order.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class='center'> +<span style="font-size: large;"><b>FREE! FREE!!</b></span><br /> +<span style="font-size: large;">TO ANY ADDRESS IN THE WORLD!</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>"The Red River Valley"</b></span><br /> +<b>"ILLUSTRATED."</b><br /> +<br /> +<b>AN ELEGANT EIGHT-PAGE PAPER</b><br /> +</p> + +<p>Full of the Most Desirable Information. +Send for "Publication P" to</p> + +<p> +JAMES B. POWER, LAND COM'R<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Ry.,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">St. PAUL. MINNESOTA</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class='center'><b>MAPS.</b></p> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style="font-size: large;"> +RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S<br /> +<b>NEW RAILROAD</b><br /> +<span style="font-size: medium;">—AND—</span><br /> +COUNTY MAP<br /> +<span style="font-size: medium;">—OF THE—</span><br /> +<b>UNITED STATES</b><br /> +<span style="font-size: medium;">—AND—</span><br /> +<b>DOMINION OF CANADA.</b><br /> +</p> + +<p>Size, 4 × 2½ feet, mounted on rollers to hang on the wall. This is an</p> + +<p class='center'><b>ENTIRELY NEW MAP,</b></p> + +<p>Constructed from the most recent and authentic sources.</p> + +<p class='center'> +—IT SHOWS—<br /> +<b><i>ALL THE RAILROADS,</i></b><br /> +—AND—<br /> +<b>Every County and Principal Town</b><br /> +—IN THE—<br /> +<span style="font-size: large;"><b>UNITED STATES AND CANADA</b>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>A useful Map in every one's home, and place of business. <b>Price, $2.00.</b></p> + +<p>Agents wanted, to whom liberal inducements will be given. Address</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><b>RAND, McNALLY & CO.,</b></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><b>Chicago, Ill.</b></span><br /> +</p> + +<p>By arrangements with the publishers of this Map we are enabled to make +the following liberal offer: To each person who will remit us $2.25 we +will send copy of <span class="smcap">The Prairie Farmer</span> One Year and THIS MAP +POSTPAID. Address</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO.,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">CHICAGO, ILL.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class='center'><b>DRAINAGE.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large;'> +<b>PRACTICAL<br /> +FARM DRAINAGE.</b><br /> +<br /> +WHY, WHEN, and HOW TO TILE-DRAIN<br /> +<span style='font-size: small'>—AND THE—</span><br /> +<b>MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN-TILE.</b><br /> +</p> + +<p class='center'>By C.G. ELLOITT and J.J.W. BILLINGSLEY</p> + +<p class='center'><b>PRICE, ONE DOLLAR.</b></p> + +<p>For sale by</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">THE PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO.,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">150 Monroe St., Chicago, Ill.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center'> +<span style="font-size: large;"><b>THE SHEPHERD'S MANUAL</b></span><br /> +A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE SHEEP.<br /> +<br /> +Designed Especially for American Shepherds<br /> +BY HENRY STEWART.<br /> +</p> + +<p class='center'>Finely Illustrated</p> + +<p><b>Price, $1.50</b>, by mail, postpaid. Address</p> + +<p>PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago.</p><p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 15]<a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-15a.png" width="500" height="166" alt="HUMOROUS" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><a name="THE_CARPENTERS_WOOING" id="THE_CARPENTERS_WOOING"></a>THE CARPENTER'S WOOING.</h2> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Oh, beam my life, my awl to me!"<br /></span> +<span class="i2">He cried, his flame addressing—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"If I 'adze such a love as yours,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">I'd ask no other blessing!"<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"I am rejoist to hear you speak,"<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The maiden said with laughter—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"For tho' I hammer guileless girl,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">It's plane what you are rafter.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Now if file love you just a bit,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">What further can you ax me?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Can—will you be content with that,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Or will you further tacks me?"<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He looked handsaw her words were square—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">"No rival can displace me—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Yes, one more favor I implore,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And that is, dear Em, brace me!"<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She came full chisel to his arms;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">It really made him stair<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To have her make a bolt for him<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Before he could prepare.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He tried to screw his courage up,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And did his level best<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To nail the matter then and there,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">While clasped unto her breast.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Says he: "It augers well for me,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">All seems to hinge on this;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And, what is mortise plane to see<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The porch child wants a kiss."<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He kissed her lip, he kissed her cheek,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And called her his adoored—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He dons his claw-hammer next week,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And she will share his board.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 8em;"><i>—Detroit Free Press.</i></span></p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h2><a name="Where_the_Old_Maids_Come_in" id="Where_the_Old_Maids_Come_in"></a>Where the Old Maids Come in.</h2> + +<p>"Do you know, sir," inquired an American tourist of his companion, while +doing England, "can you inform me the reason for the fresh, healthful +appearance of the English people? Their complexion is far superior to +ours, or our countrymen over the herring pond."</p> + +<p>"Well, I know what Prof. Huxley says."</p> + +<p>"And what reason does he advance?"</p> + +<p>"Well, Huxley says it is owing to the old maids."</p> + +<p>"Owing to old maids! You surprise me."</p> + +<p>"Fact. Huxley figures it out this way. Now, you know the English are +very fond of roast beef."</p> + +<p>"But what has that to do with old maids?"</p> + +<p>"Go slow. This genuine English beef is the best and most nutritious beef +in the world, and it imparts a beautiful complexion."</p> + +<p>"Well, about the old maids?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, you see the excellence of this English beef is due exclusively to +red clover. Do you see the point?"</p> + +<p>"All but the old maids. They are still hovering in the shadows."</p> + +<p>"Why, don't you see? This red clover is enriched, sweetened, and +fructified by bumble bees."</p> + +<p>"But where do the old maids come in?" said the inquisitive American, +wiping his brow wearily.</p> + +<p>"Why, it is as plain as the nose on your face. The only enemy of the +bumble bee is the field-mouse."</p> + +<p>"But what have roast beef, red clover, bumble-bees, and field-mice got +to do with old maids?"</p> + +<p>"Why, you must be very obtuse. Don't you perceive that the bumble-bees +would soon become exterminated by the field-mice if it were not for—"</p> + +<p>"Old maids?"</p> + +<p>"No, if it were not for cats, the old maids of Old England keep the +country thoroughly stocked up with cats, and so we can directly trace +the effects of the rosy English complexions to the benign cause of +English old maids, at least that's what Huxley says about it, and that's +just where the old maids come in. Science makes clear many mysterious +things."</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<p><a name="humor_items" id="humor_items"></a></p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Those</span> picture cards I brought back from Boston," remarked Mrs. +Partington, in a pensive mood. "They are momentums of the Art Loan +Imposition."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Don't</span> give up in despair, girls. Naomi didn't marry until she was five +hundred and eighty years old—and then she was sorry she hadn't waited a +century longer.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Is</span> you gwine to get an overcoat this winter?" asked a darkey of a +companion. "Well I dunno how dat's gwine to be," was the reply. "I'se +done got my eye on a coat, but de fellah dat owns it keeps his eye on it +too."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Her</span> nephew had just come home from his day school. "What have you been +learning this morning?" asked Mrs. Ramsbottom. "Mythology, aunt," +answered the little man, "all about the heathen gods and goddesses." +"Then I must brush up my memory," said Mrs. Ramsbottom, "and ask you a +question or two. Now, first, who was Juniper?"</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">What</span> is a limited monarchy, Johnny?" "Well, my idea of a +limited monarchy is, where the ruler don't have much to rule." "Give an +example?" "An example! Lemme see! Well, if you was bossin' yourself, for +instance."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">It</span> was at the close of the wedding breakfast. One of the guests +arose, and, glass in hand, said: "I drink to the health of the +bridegroom. May he see many days like this." The intention was good, but +the bride looked as though something had displeased her.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h4><b>Illinois Central Railroad.</b></h4> + +<p>The elegant equipment of coaches and sleepers being added to its various +through routes is gaining it many friends. Its patrons fear no +accidents. Its perfect track of steel, and solid road-bed, are a +guarantee against them.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: x-large;'><b>The Prairie Farmer<br /> +<br /> +AND<br /> +<br /> +Youth's Companion<br /> +<br /> +One Year, $3 for the two.</b></p> + +<p class='center'>It is not required that both papers be sent to one address, nor to the +same post-office. +</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Address <span class="smcap">Prairie Farmer Pub. Co.,</span></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">150 Monroe Street, Chicago.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class="center"><b>MISCELLANEOUS.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + + +<p class="center"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>ONE CENT</b></span></p> + +<p>invested in a postal card and addressed as below</p> + +<p class="center"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>WILL</b></span></p> + +<p>give to the writer full information as to the best lands in the United +States now for sale; how he can</p> + +<p class="center"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>BUY</b></span></p> + +<p>them on the lowest and best terms, also the full text of the U.S. land +laws and how to secure</p> + +<p class="center"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>320 ACRES</b></span></p> + +<p>of Government Lands in Northwestern Minnesota and Northeastern Dakota.</p> + +<p>ADDRESS:</p> + +<p> +<span style="font-size: x-large; margin-left: 1em;">JAMES B. POWER,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Land and Emigration Commissioner,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">ST. PAUL, MINN.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span style="font-size: large;">AGENTS</span> WANTED, Male and Female, for Spence's Blue Book, a most +fascinating and salable novelty. Every family needs from one to a dozen. +Immense profits and exclusive territory. Sample mailed for 25 cts in +postage stamps. Address J.H. CLARSON, P.O. Box 2296, Philadelphia, Pa.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<p class="center"> +<b>MEDICAL.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="center"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">DISEASE CURED</span><br /> +Without Medicine.</b><br /> +</p> + +<p class="center"><i>A Valuable Discovery for supplying Magnetism to the Human System. +Electricity and Magnetism utilized as never before for Healing the +Sick.</i></p> + + +<p class="center">THE MAGNETON APPLIANCE CO.'s</p> + +<p class="center"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Magnetic Kidney Belt!</span></b></p> + +<p class="center">FOR MEN IS</p> + +<p>WARRANTED TO CURE +<i>Or Money refunded</i>, the following diseases without medicine:—<i>Pain in +the Back, Hips, Head, or Limbs, Nervous Debility, Lumbago, General +Debility, Rheumatism, Paralysis, Neuralgia, Sciatica, Diseases of the +Kidneys, Spinal Diseases, Torpid Liver</i>, <b>Gout Seminal Emissions, +Impotency, Asthma, Heart Disease, Dyspepsia, Constipation, Erysipelas, +Indigestion, Hernia or Rupture, Catarrh, Piles, Epilepsy, Dumb Ague, +etc.</b></p> + +<p>When any debility of the <b>GENERATIVE ORGANS</b> occurs, <b>Lost Vitality, +Lack of Nerve Force and Vigor, Wasting Weakness,</b> and all those Diseases +of a personal nature, from whatever cause, the continuous stream of +Magnetism permeating through the parts, must restore them to a healthy +action. There is no mistake about this appliance.</p> + +<p><span style="font-size: x-large;">TO THE LADIES:</span>—If you are afflicted with <b>Lame Back, Weakness of the +Spine, Falling of the Womb, Leucorrhœa, Chronic Inflammation and +Ulceration of the Womb, Incidental Hemorrhage or Flooding, Painful, +Suppressed, and Irregular Menstruation, Barrenness, and Change of Life, +this is the Best Appliance and Curative Agent known.</b></p> + +<p>For all forms of <b>Female Difficulties</b> it is unsurpassed by anything +before invented, both as a curative agent and as a source of power and +vitalization.</p> + +<p>Price of either Belt with Magnetic Insoles, $10, sent by express C.O.D., +and examination allowed, or by mail on receipt of price. In ordering +send measure of waist, and size of shoe. Remittance can be made in +currency, sent in letter at our risk.</p> + +<p>The Magneton Garments are adapted to all ages, are worn over the +under-clothing (<b>not next to the body like the many Galvanic and +Electric Humbugs advertised so extensively</b>), and should be taken off at +night. They hold their POWER FOREVER, and are worn at all seasons of the +year.</p> + +<p>Send stamp for the "New Departure in Medical treatment <b>Without +Medicine</b>," with thousands of testimonials.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">THE MAGNETON APPLIANCE CO.,</span><br /> +<b><span style="margin-left: 2em;">218 State Street. Chicago, Ill.</span></b><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Note</span>.—Send one dollar in postage stamps or currency (in letter +at our risk) with size of shoe usually worn, and try a pair of our +Magnetic Insoles, and be convinced of the power residing in our other +Magnetic Appliances. Positively no cold feet when they are worn, or +money refunded.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p><b>THE PRAIRIE FARMER</b> is the Cheapest and Best Agricultural Paper +published. Only $2.00 per year.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="center"><b>SCALES.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class="center"> +<b><span style="font-size: large;">U.S. STANDARD SCALES,</span></b><br /> +<br /> +MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR<br /> +<br /> +<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The PRAIRIE FARMER</b></span><br /> +</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Every Scale Guaranteed by the Manufacturers, and by Us, to be Perfect, +and to give the Purchaser Satisfaction.</i></p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large;">The PRAIRIE FARMER Sent Two Years Free</p> + +<p class="center">To any person ordering either size Wagon Scale at prices given below.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-15b.png" width="500" height="288" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>2-Ton Wagon or Farm Scale (Platform 6 × 12 feet), $35; 3-Ton (7 × 13), +$45; 5-Ton (8 × 14), $55. Beam Box, Brass Beam, Iron Levers, Steel +Bearings, and full directions for setting up.</p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Prairie Farmer Sent 1 Year Free!</b></p> + +<p>To any person ordering either of the following Scales, at prices named +below.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<img src="images/illus-15c.png" width="300" height="169" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">The Housekeeper's Scale—$4.00</span> +</div> + + +<p>Weighing accurately from 1/4 oz. to 25 lbs. This is also a valuable +Scale for Offices for Weighing Mail Matter. Tin Scoop, 50c. extra; Brass +75c. extra.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<img src="images/illus-15cb.png" width="300" height="210" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">The Family Scale—$7.00.</span> +</div> + +<p>Weighs from 1/4 oz. to 240 lbs. Small articles weighed in Scoop, large +ones on Platform. Size of Platform, 10½ × 13½ in.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<img src="images/illus-15d.png" width="300" height="312" alt="Platform Scales—4 Sizes." title="" /> +<span class="caption">The Prairie Farmer Scale—$10.00</span> +</div> + +<p>Weighs from 2 oz. to 320 lbs. Size of Platform 14 × 19 inches. A +convenient Scale for Small Farmers, Dairymen, etc.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<img src="images/illus-15da.png" width="300" height="268" alt="The Prairie Farmer Scale—$10.00" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Platform Scales—4 Sizes.</span> +</div> + +<p>400 lbs., $15; 600 lbs., $20; 900 lbs., $24; 1,200 lbs., $28; Wheels and +Axles, $2 extra.</p> + +<p>In ordering, give the Price and Description given above. All Scales +Boxed and Delivered at Depot in Chicago. Give full shipping directions. +Send money by Draft on Chicago or New York Post Office Order or +Registered Letter. Address</p> + +<p class='center' style='font-size: large'><b>THE PRAIRIE FARMER PUBLISHING COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="center"><b>MISCELLANEOUS</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px;"> +<img src="images/illus-15e.png" width="150" height="105" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p><b>THE STANDARD REMINGTON TYPE-WRITER</b> is acknowledged to be the only +rapid and reliable writing machine. It has no rival. These machines are +used for transcribing and general correspondence in every part of the +globe, doing their work in almost every language. Any young man or woman +of ordinary ability, having a practical knowledge of the use of this +machine may find constant and remunerative employment. All machines and +supplies, furnished by us, warranted. Satisfaction guaranteed or money +refunded. Send for circulars. WYCKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, 38 East +Madison St, Chicago, Ill.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>GIVEN AWAY</b></span> <span style="font-size: large;">$10,000 IN PREMIUMS TO AGENTS</span> Ladies or Gentlemen, selling +our <span style="font-size: large;">NEW BOOK</span> For particulars write for Circular C. RAND, McNALLY & CO., +CHICAGO.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class='center' style="font-size: x-large;"><b>SEEDS</b></p> + +<p class='center'>ALBERT DICKINSON,</p> + +<p class='center'>Dealer in Timothy, Clover, Flax, Hungarian, Millet, Red Top, Blue +Grass, Lawn Grass, Orchard Grass, Bird Seeds, &c.</p> + +<p class='center'>POP CORN.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Warehouses</td><td align='left'>{115, 117 & 119 Kinzie St.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>{104, 106, 108 & 110 Michigan St.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Office. 115 Kinzie St.</span> CHICAGO, ILL.</p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 16]<a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="GENERAL_NEWS" id="GENERAL_NEWS"></a><b>GENERAL NEWS.</b></h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Emma Bond case has been given to the jury.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Queen Victoria</span> will go to Baden Baden in February.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> war feeling in France against China is increasing.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Four</span> colored men were lynched at Yazoo, Miss., on Saturday +last.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Serious</span> trouble is threatened between the Orangemen and the +Catholics of Ireland.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> works of the Lambert & Smith Wire Fence Company, at Joliet, +Ill., burned last week.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Villard</span> is sick from nervous prostration. Rumor says he is +financially embarrassed.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">It</span> is expected that the Directors of the Suez Canal Company +will pay a dividend of 18 per cent this year.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">John D. Leslie</span>, a grain-dealer of Elkhart, Indiana, was ruined +by handling corn which failed to pass inspection.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gen. Grant</span> fell upon the sidewalk in New York, the other day, +and hurt his hip severely. He is recovering.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">N.G. Ordway</span>, Governor of Dakota, is charged with accepting +bribes in making appointments of County Commissioners.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Holloway</span>, the great pill man of England, is said to be worth +$25,000,000. He spends $250,000 per year in advertising.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> extensive sewerage system which Boston has been several +years in constructing is at last finished, at a cost of $4,500,000.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Bradner Smith & Co</span>, and the National Printing Company, Chicago, +were partially burned out on Sunday. Loss about $200,000.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Among</span> the distinguished dead of the year may be mentioned +Chambord, Gambetta, Gortschakoff, Alexander H. Stephens, Karl Marx, +Schultze-Delitzsche, Turgeneff, and Prof. Anthon.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">It</span> is reported that the Salters' Company, one of the largest +and most successful of the London guilds, has decided to dispose of its +Irish lands, and is now offering them to tenants on twenty years' time.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">During</span> the year 1883, up to the close of business Saturday +night, 7,243,969 gallons of spirits were produced in the Chicago +distilleries. The total receipts of internal revenue in the first +district of Illinois for the year were $8,774,890.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> outcry over the houses of the poor has spread to Paris. +Alarming statistics are published of the increase of overcrowding and +the consequent spread of disease, and no less than 650 schemes of reform +have been presented to the Municipal Council. The deaths between 1870 +and 1883 have increased per 100,000 inhabitants from 48 to 96 in +typhoid-fever, from 53 to 101 in diphtheria, from 11 to 74 in small-pox, +from 30 to 43 in measles, and from 7 to 18 in scarlet-fever.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Alarm</span> has been created in French commercial circles by rumors +that the American Congress will make reprisals for the prohibition by +France of the importation of American salted meats by passing a law +increasing the duties on French wines or providing for the seizure of +French adulterations. The National, of Paris, says: "France must expect +that the Reprisals bill now before Congress, which was first directed +against Germany, will now be turned against France."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">P.T. Barnum</span> has just made his will. In order that there might +be no question as to his sanity upon which to ground contests after his +death, he had eminent physicians examine him, and secured their +attestation that he was of sound mind. The will and its codicils cover +more than 700 pages of legal cap, closely written, and disposes of real +estate and personal property of the value of $10,000,000 to twenty-seven +heirs. The property is in New York, Brooklyn, Bridgeport, Colorado, and +several other places. Mr. Barnum values his interest in the Barnum and +London Shows at $3,500,000. He gives largely to charitable institutions.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> number of lives lost by the more noticeable accidents of +last year give a total of 125,000, or over 342 for each of the 365 days +of 1883. These colossal figures are attained principally through the +results of three calamities—Ischia, Java, and Syria. Aside from the +earthquakes the year was unequaled in shipwrecks, cyclones, fire-scenes, +and mining horrors. Over thirty people were killed for each day in +January, the Newhall fire, the Russian circus horror, and the Cimbria +shipwreck being the principal of thirty calamities during the month. +Three hundred and ninety-eight people went down in the Cimbria alone. +Two hundred and seventy people burned in the circus at Berditcheff. The +panic later on at Sunderland, England, caused the death of 197 children +and 150 workmen were drowned like rats in the tub called the Daphne on +the Clyde. There were 1,697 murders, 107 executions, 135 lynchings, and +727 suicides.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16a.png" width="500" height="132" alt="Markets" title="" /> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="MARKET_REPORTS" id="MARKET_REPORTS"></a>MARKET REPORTS.</h2> + + +<p> +<span class="smcap" style="margin-left: 1em;">Office of The Prairie Farmer</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap" style="margin-left: 2em;">Chicago</span>. Jan. 2, 1884.<br /> +</p> + + +<h4>FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL.</h4> + +<p>The general bank business of Chicago last week was rather dull. But few +new business contracts were made as everyone was waiting for the New +Year to begin before extending business.</p> + +<p>In the loan market money was quoted throughout the week at 6@7 per cent +interest.</p> + +<p>Eastern exchange opened Saturday at 25c off between banks, but +subsequently sales were made at 25c per $1,000 premium. The +market closed at 25@30c per $1,000 premium.</p> + +<p>Railway stocks in New York with the exception of Northern Pacific were +firm on Saturday.</p> + +<p>Government securities remain unchanged at last week's quotations.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>4's coupons. 1907</td><td align='left'>Q. Apr.</td><td align='left'>123</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>4's reg., 1907</td><td align='left'>Q. Apr.</td><td align='left'>122</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>4½'s coupon, 1891</td><td align='left'>Q. Mar.</td><td align='left'>114</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>4½'s registered, 1891</td><td align='left'>Q. Mar.</td><td align='left'>114</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>3's registered</td><td align='left'>Q. Mar.</td><td align='left'>100</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<h4>GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.</h4> + +<p>More was done on the Board of Trade in corn and hog products at the +close of the week than in wheat and other grains. The bears had +decidedly the best of it on Saturday. Wheat receipts were liberal and +everybody seemed willing to sell. Outside orders to purchase were +exceedingly light. There were many transactions in corn but prices +showed a gradual decline.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Flour</span> was quiet at about the following rates.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Choice to favorite white winters</td><td align='right'>$5 25@5 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fair to good brands of white winters</td><td align='right'>4 75@5 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Good to choice red winters</td><td align='right'>5 00@5 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Prime to choice springs</td><td align='right'>4 75@5 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Good to choice export stock, in sacks, extras</td><td align='right'>4 25@4 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Good to choice export stock, double extras</td><td align='right'>4 50@4 65</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fair to good Minnesota springs</td><td align='right'>4 75@5 25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Choice to fancy Minnesota springs</td><td align='right'>5 50@5 75</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Patent springs</td><td align='right'>6 50@7 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Low grades</td><td align='right'>2 25@3 50</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wheat</span>.—Red winter, No. 2 99@95c: car lots of spring, No. 2, +sold at 93¾@97¾c; No. 3, do, 77½@81c.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Corn</span>.—Fluctuating but active. Car lots No 2, 57¾@58c; +rejected, 46½; new mixed, 48@48¼c.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Oats</span>.—No. 2 in store, closed 32@33.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rye</span>.—May, in store 54@59.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Barley</span>.—No. 2, 66@67c; No. 3, 44c.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Flax</span>.—Closed at $1 41.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Timothy</span>.—$1 23 per bushel. Little doing.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Clover</span>.—Quiet at $5 90@6 15 for prime.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Provisions</span>.—Mess pork, January $14 02½ per bbl; May, $14 +52. Green hams, 8<span style="font-size: small;"><sup>3</sup>/<sub>8</sub></span>c. per lb. Short ribs, $7 40 per cwt.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Lard</span>.—January, $8 75; February, $9 07½.</p> + + +<p>LUMBER.</p> + +<p>Lumber unchanged. Quotations for green are as follows:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Short dimension per M</td><td align='right'>$ 9 50@10 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Long dimension, per M</td><td align='right'>10 00@11 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Boards and strips, No. 2</td><td align='right'>11 00@13 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Boards and strips, medium</td><td align='right'>13 00@16 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Boards and strips, No. 1 choice</td><td align='right'>16 00@20 00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Shingles, standard</td><td align='right'>2 10@ 2 20</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Shingles, choice</td><td align='right'>2 25@ 2 30</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Shingles, extra</td><td align='right'>2 40@ 2 60</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lath</td><td align='right'>1 65@ 1 70</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<h4>COUNTRY PRODUCE.</h4> + +<p><span class="smcap">Note</span>.—The quotations for the articles named in the following +list are generally for commission lots of goods and from first hands. +While our prices are based as near as may be on the landing or wholesale +rates, allowance must be made for selections and the sorting up for +store distribution.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Beans</span>.—Hand picked mediums $2 10@2 15. Hand picked navies. $2 +20@2 25.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Butter</span>.—Dull and without change. Choice to extra creamery, +32@35c per lb.; fair to good do 26@30c; fair to choice dairy, +25@30c; common to choice packing stock fresh and sweet, 20@25c; ladle +packed 10@13c; fresh made, streaked butter, 9@11c.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Bran</span>.—Quoted at $11 87½@13 50 per ton; extra choice $13.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Cheese</span>.—Choice full-cream cheddars 12½@13c per +lb; medium quality do 9@10c; good to prime full cream flats 13@13¾c; +skimmed cheddars 9@10c; good skimmed flats 6@7c; hard-skimmed and common +stock 3@4c.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>.—In a small way the best brands are quotable at 26@27c +per dozen; 24@25c for good ice house stock; 16@20c per pickled.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hay</span>.—No 1 timothy $8 50@9 50 per ton; No 2 do $7 +50@8 00; mixed do $6 50; upland prairie $8 00@9 50; No 1 prairie $5 50@6 +50; No 2 do $4 50@5. Small bales sell at 25@50c per ton more +than large bales.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hides and Pelts</span>.—Green-cured light hides 8c per lb; +do heavy cows 8c; No 2 damaged green-salted hides 6c; green-salted calf +12@12½ cents; green-salted bull 6 c; dry-salted hides 11 cents; No. 2 +two-thirds price; No. 1 dry flint 14@14½c. Sheep pelts salable at +28@32c for the estimated amount of wash wool on each pelt. All branded +and scratched hides are discounted 15 per cent from the price of No. 1.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hops</span>.—Prime to choice New York State hops 22@26c per +lb; Pacific coast of 23@26c; fair to good Wisconsin 15@20c: Wisconsin +1882's 8@12c.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Poultry</span>.—Prices for live lots were: Turkeys 12@13c per + lb; chickens, 7@8c; ducks 8@10c per lb.; geese 8@10c per +lb. for full feathered. Dressed turkeys sell at 1@2c per lb +more than live offerings.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Potatoes</span>.—Good to choice 35@40c per bu. on track; common to +fair 25@30c. Illinois sweet potatoes range at $3@3 50 per bbl for +yellow. Baltimore stock at $2 25@2 75, and Jerseys at $5. Red are dull +and nominal.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tallow and grease</span>.—No 1 country tallow 7@7¼c per +lb; No 2 do 6¼@6½c. Prime white grease 6@6½c; yellow +5¼@5¾c; brown 4½@5.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Vegetables</span>.—Cabbage, $8@12 per 100; celery, 35@40c +per per doz bunches; onions, $1 00@1 25 per bbl for +yellow, and $1 for red; turnips, $1 35@ 1 50 per bbl for rutabagas, and +$1 00 for white flat.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wool</span>.—from store range as follows for bright wools from +Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan Indiana, and Eastern Iowa—dark Western +lots generally ranging at 1@2c per lb. less.</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Coarse and dingy tub</td><td align='right'>25@30</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Good medium tub</td><td align='right'>31@34</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Unwashed bucks' fleeces</td><td align='right'>14@15</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fine unwashed heavy fleeces</td><td align='right'>18@22</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fine light unwashed heavy fleeces</td><td align='right'>22@23</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Coarse unwashed fleeces</td><td align='right'>21@22</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Low medium unwashed fleeces</td><td align='right'>24@25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fine medium unwashed fleeces</td><td align='right'>26@27</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fine washed fleeces</td><td align='right'>32@33</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Coarse washed fleeces</td><td align='right'>26@28</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Low medium washed fleeces</td><td align='right'>30@32</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fine medium washed fleeces</td><td align='right'>34@35</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>Colorado and territory wools range as follows:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lowest grades</td><td align='right'>14@16</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Low medium</td><td align='right'>18@22</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Medium</td><td align='right'>22@26</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fine</td><td align='right'>16@24</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>Wools from New Mexico:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Lowest grades</td><td align='right'>14@16</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Part improved</td><td align='right'>16@17</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Best improved</td><td align='right'>19@23</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>Burry from 2c to 10c off; black 2c to 5c off.</p> + + +<h4>LIVE STOCK MARKETS.</h4> + +<p>The total receipts and shipments for last week were as follows:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>Received.</td><td align='right'>Shipped.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cattle</td><td align='right'>27,295</td><td align='right'>11,368</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hogs</td><td align='right'>89,505</td><td align='right'>22,450</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sheep</td><td align='right'>9,417</td><td align='right'>4,856</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Cattle</span>.—The above figures show a falling off of 18,850 head +from the previous week's receipts. This contraction on the part of +shippers is said to have been on account of advice from the commission +men who argue that the unusual demand during Christmas week following +the previous large supply would not be very large. Dressed-beef +operators bought freely and there was a general advance in prices. The +quality of the beef was not first-class. The highest price paid for the +best was $6 65 per cwt. Sales were principally at $5@6. Common lots +brought $4 25@4 95. Some poor ones went at $4. Cows for butchers sold at +$3@4, and inferior lots at $2@2 90. Bulls brought from $2 to $4 75. A +few car loads of Texans sold at $3 50@4 50 per cwt. Veal calves brought +$4@7 for 100 lbs. Milch cows were lower as the supply has been large. +There was a falling off of about $10 per head; they sold for $25 to 55 +per head.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hogs</span>.—During the past week they formed a strong combination to +break the market, all the 20 packing houses doing business here agreeing +to buy only a stipulated number of hogs each day. The plan worked as was +anticipated, and although the receipts for the week dropped to 89,000 +against 187,470 during the previous week, there was a steady decline +from day to day. Shippers were good buyers, taking on an average 5,500 +hogs daily, but city packers bought only about 11,000 or 12,000, leaving +at times upwards of 28,000 or 30,000 unsold at the close of the day. +Choice hogs declined only moderately, but other descriptions were very +weak. Up to date there have been packed in the West this season about +100,000 head more than to same time last year. The market closed on +Saturday at $4 65@5 90 for heavy; $4 60@5 30 for light, and $3 25@4 60 +for skips and culls.</p> + +<p>Note.—All sales of hogs are made subject to a shrinkage of 40 lbs for +piggy sows and 80 lbs for stags. Dead hogs sell for 1½c per +lb for weights of 200 and over and [Transcriber's Note: blank in original] for weights of +less than 100 lbs.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sheep.</span>—The demand has been brisk and prices for good lots +advanced fully 25c per cwt. The receipts have fallen off greatly. Sales +were made of common to choice at $2 50@4 65. No fancy droves were +received, and they were nominal at $4 75@5.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class='center'><b>COMMISSION MERCHANTS.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class='center'> +<b>J.H. WHITE & CO.,<br /> +<span style="font-size: large;">PRODUCE COMMISSION</span></b><br /> +</p> + +<p class="center"><b>106 S. Water St., Chicago.</b></p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 8em;">Refers to this paper.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="center"><b>MISCELLANEOUS.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 100px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16b.png" width="100" height="256" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<b>BAKER'S</b><br /> +<span style="font-size: x-large;">Breakfast Cocoa.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Warranted <i>absolutely pure Cocoa</i>, from which the excess of Oil has been +removed. It has <i>three times the strength</i> of Cocoa mixed with Starch, +Arrowroot or Sugar, and is therefore far more economical. It is +delicious, nourishing, strengthening, easily digested, and admirably +adapted for invalids as well as for persons in health.</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Sold by Grocers everywhere.</b></p> + +<p><span style="font-size: x-large;">W. BAKER & CO., Dorchester, Mass.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>CHEAP FARMS.</b></p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: large;">NEAR MARKETS.</p> + +<p>The State of Michigan has more than 4,500 miles of railroad and 1,600 +miles of Lake transportation, schools and churches in every county, +public buildings all paid for, and no debt. Its soil and climate combine +to produce large crops, and it is the best fruit State in the Northwest. +Several million acres of unoccupied and fertile lands are yet in the +market at low prices. The State has issued a <b>NEW PAMPHLET</b> containing a +map and descriptions of the soil, crops and general resources of <i>every +county</i> in the State, which may be had free of charge by writing to the</p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">COMM'R OF IMMIGRATION, Detroit. Mich.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Money to Loan to Farmers</b></p> + +<p>in Illinois on Mortgage security at 6 per cent interest, with privilege +of yearly payments. Call on or address</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">BURNHAM, TREVETT & MATTIS,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Champaign, Ill.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>PATENT</b></span> Procured or no charge. 40 p. book patent-law free. Add. +<span class="smcap">W.T. Fitzgerald</span>, 1006 F St., Washington, D.C.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="center"><b>EDUCATIONAL.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class="center"> +<span style="font-size: large;">UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK</span><br /> +<span style="font-size: large;"><b>AMERICAN</b></span><br /> +<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Veterinary College,</b></span><br /> +<b>141 West 54th St., New York City.</b><br /> +</p> + +<p>The regular course of lectures commences in October each year. Circular +and information can be had on application to</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><b>A. LIAUTARD, M.D.V.S.,</b></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Dean of the Faculty.</span> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="center"><b>SEWING SILK.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16c.png" width="200" height="117" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center"><b>Corticelli Sewing Silk,</b></p> + +<p class="center"><b>LADIES, TRY IT!</b></p> + +<p class="center"><b>The Best Sewing Silk Made.</b></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Every Spool Warranted.</b></p> + +<p class="center"><b>Full Length, Smooth and Strong.</b></p> + +<p class="center">Ask your storekeeper for Corticelli Silk.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="center"><b>MISCELLANEOUS.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16d.png" width="500" height="466" alt="BUIST'S SEEDS ARE THE BEST. +WARRANTED TO GIVE SATISFACTION OR MONEY RETURNED, SPECIAL-INDUCEMENTS +FOR MARKET GARDENERS. OUR VALUABLE CATALOGUE OF 192 PAGES FREE TO ALL. +SEED GROWER ROBERT BUIST, JR. PHILADELPHIA, PA." title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>"FACTS ABOUT</b><br /> +Arkansas and Texas."</p> + +<p>A handsome book, beautifully illustrated, with colored diagrams, giving +reliable information as to crops, population, religious denominations, +commerce, timber, Railroads, lands, etc., etc.</p> + +<p>Sent free to any address on receipt of a 2-cent stamp. Address</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><b>H.C. Townsend,</b></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gen. Passenger Agt., St. Louis, Mo.</b></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16e.png" width="500" height="250" alt="FERRY'S SEED ANNUAL FOR 1884" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Will be mailed <b><span style="font-size: x-large;">FREE</span> to all</b> applicants and to customers of last year +without ordering it. It contains illustrations, prices, descriptions and +directions for planting all Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Plants, etc. +<b>Invaluable to all.</b></p> + +<p><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">D.M. FERRY & CO.</span> DETROIT, Mich.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 100px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16f.png" width="100" height="176" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 100px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16g.png" width="120" height="198" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center"><b>LYON & HEALY</b><br /> +State & Monroe Sts., Chicago.<br /> +</p> + +<p class="center">Will send prepaid to any address their</p> + +<p class="center"><b>BAND CATALOGUE,</b><br /></p> + +<p class="center">for 1883, 600 pages, 210 Engravings of Instruments, Suits, Caps, Belts, +Pompons, Epaulets, Cap-Lamps, Stands, Drum Major's Staffs, and Hats, +Sundry Band Outfits, Repairing Materials, also includes Instruction and +Exercises for Amateur Bands, and a Catalogue of Choice Band Music.</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16h.png" width="500" height="123" alt="KNABE" title="" /> +</div> +<p class="center"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>PIANOFORTES.</b></span><br /> +<span style="font-size: large;">UNEQUALLED IN</span><br /> +Tone, Touch, Workmanship and Durability.<br /> +<b>WILLIAM KNABE & CO.</b><br /> +</p> +<p>Nos. 204 and 206 West Baltimore Street, +Baltimore. No. 112 Fifth Avenue, N.Y.<br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 125px;"> +<img src="images/illus-16i.png" width="125" height="199" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>AGENTS</b></span> make over <b>ONE</b> hundred per cent. profit selling the</p> + +<p class="center"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Reflecting Safety Lamp</b></span></p> + +<p>which can be sold in every family. Gives more light than three ordinary +lamps. <b>Sample lamp sent for fifty cents in stamps.</b> We have other +household articles. Send for circulars.</p> + +<p><b>FORSEE & McMAKIN, Cincinnati, O.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<p class="center"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>SEEDS!</b></span> +<span style="font-size: large;">PLANTS</span>—Catalogue Free.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A.E. SPALDING,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">AINSWORTH, IOWA.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: large;"><b>PIG EXTRICATOR</b></p> + +<p>To aid animals in giving birth. Send for free circular to <span class="smcap">Wm. +Dulin</span>, Avoca, Pottawattamie Co., Ia.</p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<p class ="center" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>FREE</b></p> + +<p><i>By return mail</i>, Full Description <b>Moody's New Tailor System</b> of Dress +Cutting <b>MOODY & CO. Cincinnati, O.</b></p> + +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>CARDS</b></p> + +<p><b>50 Satin Finish Cards</b>, New Imported designs, name on and Present Free +for 10c. Cut this out.<br /> +CLINTON BROS. & Co., Clintonville, Ct.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Prairie Farmer, Vol. 56: No. 1, +January 5, 1884., by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRAIRIE FARMER *** + +***** This file should be named 17512-h.htm or 17512-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/5/1/17512/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Susan Skinner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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